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Chen Y, Huang D, Xie A, Shan Y, Zhao S, Gao C, Chen J, Shi H, Fang W, Peng J. Capn3b-deficient zebrafish model reveals a key role of autoimmune response in LGMDR1. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00249-2. [PMID: 39349278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in calcium-dependent papain-like protease CALPAIN3 (CAPN3) cause Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Recessive Type 1 (LGMDR1), the most common limb-girdle muscular dystrophy in humans. In addition to progressive muscle weakness, persistent inflammatory infiltration is also a feature of LGMDR1. Despite the underlying mechanism remaining poorly understood, we consider that it may relate to the newly defined role of CAPN3/Capn3b in the nucleolus. Here, we report that the loss-of-function of zebrafish capn3b, the counterpart of human CAPN3, induces autoimmune response akin to that in LGMDR1 patients. Mutant capn3b larvae are more susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes injection, characterized by recruiting more macrophages. Under germ-free conditions, transcriptome analysis of the capn3b mutant muscle reveals a significant upregulation of the chemokine-production-related genes. Coincidently, more neutrophils are recruited to the injury site imposed by either muscle stabbing or tail fin amputation. Nucleolar proteomic analysis and enzymatic assays reveal NKAP, an activating factor of the NF-κB pathway, to be a target of CAPN3. We conclude that the accumulation of Nkap and other factors in the capn3b mutant may be involved in the over-activation of innate immunity. Our studies indicate that the zebrafish capn3b mutant is a powerful model for studying the immunity-related progression of human LGMDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayue Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Delai Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Aixuan Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ying Shan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shuyi Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ce Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hui Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Jinrong Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Virtanen MI, Iversen MH, Patel DM, Brinchmann MF. Daily crowding stress has limited, yet detectable effects on skin and head kidney gene expression in surgically tagged atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109794. [PMID: 39089638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
To ensure welfare-friendly and effective internal tagging, the tagging process should not cause a long-term burden on individuals given that tagged fish serve as representatives for the entire population in telemetry applications. To some extent, stress is inevitable within regular aquaculture practices, and thus, the consequences of long-term stress should be described in terms of their effects on internal tagging. In fish, stressors activate the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Interrenal (HPI) and Brain-Sympathetic-Chromaffin Cell (BSC) axes, leading to neuroimmunoendocrine communication and paracrine interactions among stress hormones. The interrelation between wound healing and stress is complex, owing to their shared components, pathways, and energy demands. This study assessed 14 genes (mmp9, mmp13, il-2, il-4, il-8a, il-10, il-12, il-17d, il-1b, tnfa, ifng, leg-3, igm, and crh) in the skin (1.5 cm from the wound) and head kidney over eight weeks. These genes, associated with cell signaling in immunity, wound healing, and stress, have previously been identified as influenced and regulated by these processes. Half of a group of Atlantic salmon (n = 90) with surgically implanted dummy smart-tags were exposed to daily crowding stress. The goal was to investigate how this gene panel responds to a wound alone and then to the combined effects of wounding and daily crowding stress. Our observations indicate that chronic stress impacts inflammation and impedes wound healing, as seen through the expression of matrix metalloproteinases genes in the skin but not in the head kidney. This difference is likely due to the ongoing internal wound repair, in contrast to the externally healed wound incision. Cytokine expression, when significant in the skin, was mainly downregulated in both treatments compared to control values, particularly in the study's first half. Conversely, the head kidney showed initial cytokine downregulation followed by upregulation. Across all weeks observed and combining both tissues, the significantly expressed gene differences were 12 % between the Wound and Stress+ groups, 28 % between Wound and Control, and 25 % between Stress+ and Control. Despite significant fluctuations in cytokines, sustained variations across multiple weeks are only evident in a few select genes. Furthermore, Stress+ individuals demonstrated the most cytokine correlations within the head kidney, which may suggest that chronic stress affects cytokine expression. This investigation unveils that the presence of stress and prolonged activation of the HPI axis in an eight weeklong study has limited yet detectable effects on the selected gene expression within immunity, wound healing, and stress, with notable tissue-specific differences.
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Ferreira IA, Peixoto D, Losada AP, Quiroga MI, do Vale A, Costas B. Early innate immune responses in European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax L.) following Tenacibaculum maritimum infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254677. [PMID: 37731496 PMCID: PMC10507263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The marine aquaculture industry has been witnessing a worldwide emergence of tenacibaculosis, a poorly understood bacterial disease caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum that affects commercially important fish. So far, knowledge on the T. maritimum virulence mechanisms is scarce and the pathogen-host interaction operating in tenacibaculosis remain to be disclosed. This study aimed at contributing to a better understanding of this disease, by evaluating the early innate immune response triggered in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) by a bath-challenge with T. maritimum. Methods Groups of sea bass were bath-challenged with T. maritimum (challenged fish) or mock-challenged. Undisturbed fish were used as controls (time 0). Samples of blood, liver and mucosal organs (skin, gills and posterior-intestine) were collected at 0 h (control) and at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-challenge (n=12). Mucosal organs were used for analyzing the expression of immune-related genes by RT-qPCR, as well as blood samples for assessing haematological and innate humoral parameters and liver for oxidative stress assessment. Results An increased expression of il-1β, il8, mmp9 and hamp1 was detected in all mucosal organs of infected fish when compared with control and mock-challenged fish, suggesting a pro-inflammatory response against T. maritimum transversal to all organs. The faster induction of these pro-inflammatory genes was observed in the gills. Regarding the systemic response, challenged fish presented neutrophilia, monocytosis, signs of anemia, and a decrease of bactericidal and lysozyme activities in plasma. Almost no variations were observed regarding hepatic oxidative stress. Discussion/Conclusions The present study suggests that T. maritimum induces a local innate immune response upon bath infection not only in the skin of European sea bass, but also in the gills and posterior-intestine, likely triggered by the T. maritimum's capacity to adhere, colonize and damage these organs that can function as entry ways to bacteria, leading ultimately to the seen host's systemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês A. Ferreira
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Peixoto
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Losada
- Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Isabel Quiroga
- Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ana do Vale
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Wang F, Qin ZL, Luo WS, Xiong NX, Huang MZ, Ou J, Luo SW, Liu SJ. Alteration of synergistic immune response in gut-liver axis of white crucian carp (Carassius cuvieri) after gut infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:917-927. [PMID: 37205784 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila can pose a great threat to the survival of farmed fish. In current study, we investigated the pathological characteristics and immune response in gut-liver axis of white crucian carp (WCC) upon gut infection. WCC anally intubated with A. hydrophila exerted a tissue deformation in damaged midgut with elevated levels of goblet cells along with a significant decrease in tight junction proteins and villi length-to-width ratios. In addition, immune-related gene expressions and antioxidant properties increased dramatically in gut-liver axis of WCC following gut infection with A. hydrophila. These results highlighted the immune modulation and redox alteration in gut-liver axis of WCC in response to gut infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Le Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning-Xia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Huang
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shao-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Chi H, Dong Z, Gan Q, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Zhan W. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 modulates immune response along with the formation of extracellular traps in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 133:108570. [PMID: 36717064 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MMP-9 belongs to the Matrix Metalloprotease family, which is mainly involved in the protein hydrolysis process of extracellular matrix and plays important roles in many biological processes, such as embryogenesis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, inflammatory processes and wound healing. In this study, we described the sequence characteristics of the MMP-9 gene in flounder (PoMMP-9). PoMMP-9 was highly homologous to MMP-9 from turbot, medaka, and Fugu rubripes. The mRNA of PoMMP-9 was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues of healthy flounder with the highest expression levels in the head kidney and spleen. A time-dependent expression pattern of PoMMP-9 in the head kidney and spleen was found after the bacterial and virus challenge. This indicates that PoMMP-9 is inducible and involved in immune responses. Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that the PoMMP-9 was co-localization in the extracellular traps (ETs) released by the leukocytes. After overexpression, PoMMP-9 can recruit more inflammatory cells and play a broad immune process from pathogen elimination to wound healing at the inflammatory site through ETs. In summary, this study provided new insights into the biological function of MMP-9 in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhixiao Dong
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiujie Gan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Okeke ES, Luo M, Feng W, Zhang Y, Mao G, Chen Y, Zeng Z, Qian X, Sun L, Yang L, Wu X. Transcriptomic profiling and differential analysis revealed the neurodevelopmental toxicity mechanisms of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae in response to tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether (TBBPA-DHEE) exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 259:109382. [PMID: 35640788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyetyl) ether (TBBPA-DHEE) is among the main derivatives of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Result from previous study showed that TBBPA-DHEE can cause neurotoxicity in rat. In this study, zebrafish larvae were used for evaluation of TBBPA-DHEE-induced developmental toxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress and the potential molecular mechanisms of action. Our result showed that TBBPA-DHEE exposure caused a significant concentration-dependent developmental toxicity endpoints like death rate, malformation rate, growth rate. TBBPA-DHEE altered locomotor and enzymes activities of larvae and caused apoptosis within the brain indicating the potential TBBPA-DHEE-induced cardiac, brain impairment in the zebrafish larvae. Our transcriptomic analysis shows that 691 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs) (539 upregulated, 152 downregulated). The KEGG and GO enrichment pathway analysis shows that the DEGs were involved in development, immunity, enzyme activity. Our study provides novel evidence on the neurodevelopmental toxicity and toxicity mechanism of TBBPA-DHEE which are vital for assessment of the environmental toxicity and risk assessment of the chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Department of Biochemistry, FBS & Natural Science Unit, SGS, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Mengna Luo
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengjia Zeng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Qian
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Xiong NX, Luo SW, Fan LF, Mao ZW, Luo KK, Liu SJ, Wu C, Hu FZ, Wang S, Wen M, Liu QF. Comparative analysis of erythrocyte hemolysis, plasma parameters and metabolic features in red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var) and triploid hybrid fish following Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:369-384. [PMID: 34571155 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila can pose a great threat to survival of freshwater fish. In this study, A. hydrophila challenge could promote the erythrocyte hemolysis, increase free hemoglobin (FHB) level and generate malondialdehyde (MDA) production in plasma but decrease the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lysozyme (LZM) of red crucian carp (RCC, 2 N = 100) and triploid hybrid fish (3 N fish, 3 N = 150) following A. hydrophila challenge. Elevated expression levels of heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3), paraoxonase 2 (PON2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) were observed in A. hydrophila-infected fish. In addition, A. hydrophila challenge could significantly increase expressions of cortisol, leucine, isoleucine, glutamate and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in RCC and 3 N, while glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle appeared to be inactive. We identified differential fatty acid derivatives and their metabolic networks as crucial biomarkers from metabolic profiles of different ploidy cyprinid fish subjected to A. hydrophila infection. These results highlighted the comparative metabolic strategy of different ploidy cyprinid fish against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Xia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China.
| | - Lan-Fen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhuang-Wen Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, PR China
| | - Kai-Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Shao-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China.
| | - Chang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Fang-Zhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Ming Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Qing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
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Bailone RL, Fukushima HCS, Ventura Fernandes BH, De Aguiar LK, Corrêa T, Janke H, Grejo Setti P, Roça RDO, Borra RC. Zebrafish as an alternative animal model in human and animal vaccination research. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:13. [PMID: 32382525 PMCID: PMC7203993 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of medical research relies on animal models to deepen knowledge of the causes of animal and human diseases, as well as to enable the development of innovative therapies. Despite rodents being the most widely used research model worldwide, in recent decades, the use of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model has exponentially been adopted among the scientific community. This is because such a small tropical freshwater teleost fish has crucial genetic, anatomical and physiological homology with mammals. Therefore, zebrafish constitutes an excellent experimental model for behavioral, genetic and toxicological studies which unravels the mechanism of various human diseases. Furthermore, it serves well to test new therapeutic agents, such as the safety of new vaccines. The aim of this review was to provide a systematic literature review on the most recent studies carried out on the topic. It presents numerous advantages of this type of animal model in tests of efficacy and safety of both animal and human vaccines, thus highlighting gains in time and cost reduction of research and analyzes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lacava Bailone
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, Federal Inspection Service, São Carlos, SP Brazil
- São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Hirla Costa Silva Fukushima
- Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | | | - Luís Kluwe De Aguiar
- Department of Food Technology and Innovation, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Tatiana Corrêa
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Helena Janke
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Princia Grejo Setti
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil
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Characterization of Matrix Metalloprotease-9 Gene from Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) and Its High-Level Expression Induced by the Streptococcus agalactiae Challenge. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010076. [PMID: 31947787 PMCID: PMC7023376 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial diseases of tilapia caused by Streptococcus agalactiae have resulted in the high mortality and huge economic loss in the tilapia industry. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may play an important role in fighting infection. However, the role of MMP-9 in Nile tilapia against S. agalactiae is still unclear. In this work, MMP-9 cDNA of Nile tilapia (NtMMP-9) has been cloned and characterized. NtMMP-9 has 2043 bp and encodes a putative protein of 680 amino acids. NtMMP-9 contains the conserved domains interacting with decorin and inhibitors via binding forces compared to those in other teleosts. Quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis reveals that NtMMP-9 distinctly upregulated following S. agalactiae infection in a tissue- and time-dependent response pattern, and the tissues, including liver, spleen, and intestines, are the major organs against a S. agalactiae infection. Besides, the proteolytic activity of NtMMP-9 is also confirmed by heterologous expression and zymography, which proves the active function of NtMMP-9 interacting with other factors. The findings indicate that NtMMP-9 was involved in immune responses against the bacterial challenge at the transcriptional level. Further work will focus on the molecular mechanisms of NtMMP-9 to respond and modulate the signaling pathways in Nile tilapia against S. agalactiae invasion and the development of NtMMP-9-related predictive biomarkers or vaccines for preventing bacterial infection in the tilapia industry.
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Zhong C, Cao MJ, Shu M, Sun LC, Yang HH, Wu GP. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) from red seabream (Pagrus major): Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of highly expressed recombinant protein. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:556-563. [PMID: 31693944 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) is originally characterized as an endogenous inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to response collagenolysis associated with immune challenge. In this study, the cDNA encoding TIMP-2a gene from red seabream (Pagrus major) muscle was cloned. It was 585 bp encoding a putative protein of 194 amino acids, which comprised all recognized functional domains and showed the high identity to TIMP-2as from other teleost fishes, revealing it belongs to TIMP-2a family. Soluble rTIMP-2a was efficiently expressed using a new constructed pPIC9K-rTIMP-2a vector with high inhibitory activity against to MMP-2 and MMP-9. The recombinant TIMP-2a tagged with 6 histidine residues showed the molecular mass of 23 kDa and isoelectric point of 6.50. Furthermore, the 6 disulfide bonds formed by 12 conserved cysteine residues were identified as functional motifs for its structural stability. In addition, rTIMP-2a possessed the high inhibitory activity against gelatinolytic hydrolysis and degradation of type I collagen which induced by endogenous MMPs in muscle. The results revealed the properties and inhibitory function of rTIMP-2a, which may be a pivotal role in regulation gelatinolytic MMPs metabolization during defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Min Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Mei Shu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Le Chang Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huan Huan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Guo Ping Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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11
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Willi RA, Salgueiro-González N, Carcaiso G, Fent K. Glucocorticoid mixtures of fluticasone propionate, triamcinolone acetonide and clobetasol propionate induce additive effects in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 374:101-109. [PMID: 30981015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many synthetic glucocorticoids from medical applications occur in the aquatic environment. Whether they pose a risk for fish health is poorly known. Here we investigate effects of glucocorticoids fluticasone propionate (FLU) and triamcinolone acetonide (TRI) as single steroids and as ternary mixtures with clobetasol propionate (CLO) in zebrafish embryos. Exposure to FLU and TRI in a range of concentrations between 0.099 and 120.08 μg/L led to concentration-related decrease in muscle contractions and increase in heart rate at 0.98 and 1.05 μg/L, respectively, and higher. Genes encoding for proteins related to glucose metabolism (g6pca, pepck1), immune system regulation (fkbp5, irg1l, socs3, gilz) and matrix metalloproteinases mmp-9 and mmp-13 showed expressional alterations, as well as genes encoding for the progestin receptor (pgr) and corticosteroid dehydrogenase (hsd11b2). FLU accelerated hatching and led to embryotoxicity (immobilization and edema). Ternary mixtures (FLU + TRI + CLO) induced the same physiological and toxicological effects at concentrations of individual glucocorticoids of 11.1-16.37 μg/L and higher. Heart rate was increased in the mixture at concentrations as low as 0.0885-0.11 μg/L of each steroid. Glucocorticoids in mixtures showed additive activity; the fold-changes of transcripts of 19 target genes were additive. Together, our data show that glucocorticoids act additively and their joint activity may be of concern for developing fish in contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Alois Willi
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Noelia Salgueiro-González
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Carcaiso
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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12
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Hupp S, Grandgirard D, Mitchell TJ, Leib SL, Hathaway LJ, Iliev AI. Pneumolysin and the bacterial capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae cooperatively inhibit taxis and motility of microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:105. [PMID: 31103037 PMCID: PMC6525981 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is the cause of a highly lethal form of meningitis in humans. Microglial cells in the brain represent the first line of defense against pathogens, and they participate in the inflammatory response. The cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin and the bacterial capsule are key pathogenic factors, known to exacerbate the course of pneumococcal meningitis. Methods We utilized live imaging and immunostaining of glial cells in dissociated and acute brain slice cultures to study the effect of pneumococcal factors, including the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin and the pneumococcal capsule, on microglial motility and taxis. Results In brain tissue, primary microglia cells showed an enhanced response towards lysates from bacteria lacking capsules and pneumolysin as they moved rapidly to areas with an abundance of bacterial factors. The presence of bacterial capsules and pneumolysin cumulatively inhibited microglial taxis. In mixed cultures of astrocytes and microglia, the motility of microglia was inhibited by capsular components within minutes after exposure. The reduced motility was partially reversed by mannan, a mannose receptor inhibitor. The effects on microglia were not mediated by astrocytes because pure microglial cells responded to various pneumococcal lysates similarly with distinct cell shape changes as seen in mixed cultures. Conclusions Our data indicate that microglia possess the capacity for a very agile response towards bacterial pathogens, but key pathogenic factors, such as pneumococcal capsules and pneumolysin, inhibited this response shortly after a bacterial challenge. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that the bacterial capsule affects cellular behaviors such as motility and taxis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1491-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hupp
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Denis Grandgirard
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Timothy J Mitchell
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Biosciences Building, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucy J Hathaway
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Asparouh I Iliev
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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13
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Kumar G, Hummel K, Noebauer K, Welch TJ, Razzazi-Fazeli E, El-Matbouli M. Proteome analysis reveals a role of rainbow trout lymphoid organs during Yersinia ruckeri infection process. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13998. [PMID: 30228307 PMCID: PMC6143608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in salmonids. Head kidney and spleen are major lymphoid organs of the teleost fish where antigen presentation and immune defense against microbes take place. We investigated proteome alteration in head kidney and spleen of the rainbow trout following Y. ruckeri strains infection. Organs were analyzed after 3, 9 and 28 days post exposure with a shotgun proteomic approach. GO annotation and protein-protein interaction were predicted using bioinformatic tools. Thirty four proteins from head kidney and 85 proteins from spleen were found to be differentially expressed in rainbow trout during the Y. ruckeri infection process. These included lysosomal, antioxidant, metalloproteinase, cytoskeleton, tetraspanin, cathepsin B and c-type lectin receptor proteins. The findings of this study regarding the immune response at the protein level offer new insight into the systemic response to Y. ruckeri infection in rainbow trout. This proteomic data facilitate a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions and response of fish against Y. ruckeri biotype 1 and 2 strains. Protein-protein interaction analysis predicts carbon metabolism, ribosome and phagosome pathways in spleen of infected fish, which might be useful in understanding biological processes and further studies in the direction of pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karin Hummel
- VetCore Facility for Research/Proteomics Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Noebauer
- VetCore Facility for Research/Proteomics Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy J Welch
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, USA
| | - Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli
- VetCore Facility for Research/Proteomics Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Ding C, Wang X, Ma J, Xie M, Dong Q, Liu Q. Exploration of the bacterial invasion capacity of Listeria monocytogenes in ZF4 cells. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:238-243. [PMID: 30145253 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the results from zebrafish challenged model have demonstrated that Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) has strong adjuvant effects when this attenuated pathogenic bacteria is viewed as aquaculture vaccine vector, the underlying mechanism is not clear and extensive investigations are required. To further explore the potential of Lm in the field of aquaculture vaccine, zebrafish embryonic fibroblast cell line (ZF4) was used to evaluate the invasion ability of Lm. The data from cellular level showed that Lm had the lower invasion tendentiousness in ZF4 cells while bacterial invasion capacity was compared between zebrafish embryos cell line and human intestinal epithelial cell line. In ZF4 cells, there is no significant difference in bacterial invasion capacity between wild strain EGD-e and double-deleted strain ΔactA/inlB, which suggested that this attenuated effect was not showed in zebrafish cells. In addition, translation analysis indicated that the expressions of CD4 and CD8a in ZF4 cells increased after 2-h infection of the two Lm strains. These results further demonstrated that Lm presented multiple advantages including lower pathogenicity and antigen presentation when attenuated stain was viewed as aquaculture vaccine vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchao Ding
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Junfei Ma
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Manman Xie
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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15
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Eshwar AK, Wolfrum N, Stephan R, Fanning S, Lehner A. Interaction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and Zpx inCronobacter turicensisLMG 23827Tmediated infections in the zebrafish model. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12888. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Wolfrum
- Institute for Veterinary Bacteriology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, Science Centre South; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Angelika Lehner
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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16
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Dong X, Zhang Z, Meng S, Pan C, Yang M, Wu X, Yang L, Xu H. Parental exposure to bisphenol A and its analogs influences zebrafish offspring immunity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:291-297. [PMID: 28806546 PMCID: PMC7112096 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transgenerational effects of environmental pollutants on humans and animals are complex. Thus, we used zebrafish to evaluate the effects of parental whole-life cycle exposure to bisphenol A and its analogs (bisphenol S and F) on offspring innate immunity. At adulthood, offspring were examined with/without continued chemicals treatment until 72h post-fertilization (hpf). To measure offspring immune function, larvae at 72 hpf were expose for 24h with/without the viral mimic polyinosinic-cytidylic acid (Poly I:C) or the bacterial mimic Pam3Cys-Ser-Lys4 (PAM3CSK4). Data show modified immunity in offspring. Specifically, lysozyme activity was significantly induced in F1 larvae and respiratory burst response and oxidative defense genes were inhibited. Genes of the innate immune system including Toll-like receptors and their downstream molecules and inflammatory cytokines were significantly down-regulated, whereas matrix metalloproteinases were up-regulated in larvae. In addition, recombination-activating genes in the immature adaptive immune system were significantly reduced. Thus, immune defense is diminished by exposing parental generations of zebrafish to environmentally relevant concentration of bisphenols and this suggests that fish chronically exposed to bisphenols in the wild may be vulnerable to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Dong
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shunlong Meng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Chenyuan Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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17
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Barros-Becker F, Lam PY, Fisher R, Huttenlocher A. Live imaging reveals distinct modes of neutrophil and macrophage migration within interstitial tissues. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3801-3808. [PMID: 28972134 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is required for diverse processes during immunity and inflammation. Classically, leukocyte motility is defined as an amoeboid type of migration, however some leukocytes, like macrophages, also employ a more mesenchymal mode of migration. Here, we sought to characterize the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil and macrophage migration in vivo by using real-time imaging of leukocyte motility within interstitial tissues in zebrafish larvae. Neutrophils displayed a rounded morphology and rapid protease-independent motility, lacked defined paxillin puncta, and had persistent rearward polarization of stable F-actin and the microtubule network. By contrast, macrophages displayed an elongated morphology with reduced speed and increased directional persistence and formed paxillin-containing puncta but had a less-defined polarization of the microtubule and actin networks. We also observed differential effects of protease inhibition, microtubule disruption and ROCK inhibition on the efficiency of neutrophil and macrophage motility. Taken together, our findings suggest that larval zebrafish neutrophils and macrophage display distinct modes of migration within interstitial tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Barros-Becker
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Pui-Ying Lam
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Robert Fisher
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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18
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Sullivan C, Matty MA, Jurczyszak D, Gabor KA, Millard PJ, Tobin DM, Kim CH. Infectious disease models in zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 138:101-136. [PMID: 28129840 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has developed as an important alternative to mammalian models for the study of hostpathogen interactions. Because they lack a functional adaptive immune response during the first 4-6weeks of development, zebrafish rely upon innate immune responses to protect against injuries and infections. During this early period of development, it is possible to isolate and study mechanisms of infection and inflammation arising from the innate immune response without the complications presented by the adaptive immune response. Zebrafish possess several inherent characteristics that make them an attractive option to study hostpathogen interactions, including extensive sequence and functional conservation with the human genome, optical clarity in larvae that facilitates the high-resolution visualization of host cell-microbe interactions, a fully sequenced and annotated genome, robust forward and reverse genetic tools and techniques (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9 and TALENs), and amenability to chemical studies and screens. Here, we describe methods for studying hostpathogen interactions both through systemic infections and through localized infections that allow analysis of host cell response, migration patterns, and behavior. Each of the methods described can be modified for use in downstream applications that include ecotoxicant studies and chemical screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sullivan
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - M A Matty
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - K A Gabor
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - P J Millard
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - D M Tobin
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - C H Kim
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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19
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Wu SY, Wang LD, Li JL, Xu GM, He ML, Li YY, Huang R. Salmonella spv locus suppresses host innate immune responses to bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:387-396. [PMID: 27666190 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is globally distributed and causes massive morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. S. typhimurium carries Salmonella plasmid virulence (spv) locus, which is highly conserved and closely related to bacterial pathogenicity, while its exact role in host immune responses during infection remains to be elucidated. To counteract the invaders, the host has evolved numerous strategies, among which the innate immunity and autophagy act as the first defense. Recently, zebrafish has been universally accepted as a valuable and powerful vertebrate model in analyzing bacteria-host interactions. To investigate whether spv locus enhances the virulence of Salmonella by exerting an effect on the host early defense, zebrafish larvae were employed in this study. LD50 of S. typhimurium to zebrafish larvae and bacterial dissemination were analyzed. Sudan black B and neutral red staining were performed to detect the responses of neutrophils and macrophages to Salmonella infection. Autophagy agonist Torin1 and inhibitor Chloroquine were used to interfere in autophagic flux, and the protein level of Lc3 and p62 were measured by western blotting. Results indicated that spv locus could decrease the LD50 of S. typhimurium to zebrafish larvae, accelerate the reproduction and dissemination of bacteria by inhibiting the function of neutrophils and macrophages. Moreover, spv locus restrained the formation of autophagosomes in the earlier stage of autophagy. These findings suggested the virulence of spv locus involving in suppressing host innate immune responses for the first time, which shed new light on the role of spv operon in Salmonella pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Wu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Department of Medical Microbiology, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Li-Dan Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Department of Medical Microbiology, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Jin-Ling Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Department of Medical Microbiology, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Guang-Mei Xu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Department of Medical Microbiology, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling He
- Medical College of Soochow University, Department of Medical Microbiology, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Department of Medical Microbiology, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Rui Huang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Department of Medical Microbiology, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
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