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Yohana MA, Ray GW, Yang Q, Shiyu K, Tan B, Wu J, Mao M, Bo Ge Z, Feng L. Comprehensive analysis of butyric acid impact on immunology, histopathology, gene expression, and metabolomic responses in pacific shrimp experiencing cold stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101293. [PMID: 39053237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, our objective was to investigate the impact of dietary butyric acid (BA) on the homeostasis mechanism of Pacific shrimp under cold stress. Specifically, we analyzed its effects on immunity, antioxidant capacity, gene expression, and metabolomics response. To carry out this research, Litopenaeus vannamei were fed a diet supplemented with BA for 8 weeks. Following this feeding period, a total of 180 shrimp, with an average weight of 12.76 ± 0.38 g, were exposed to cold conditions, with the temperature decreasing from 28 °C to 14 °C within an hour. The results of our study revealed survival rates ranging from 90 % to 100 %. Shrimp that were fed a diet containing 1.5 % BA exhibited a significant increase in acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity. Conversely, the control groups showed an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activity. Shrimp that consumed diets containing 1.5 % BA displayed the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with the highest superoxide dismutase (SOD) content. The shrimp fed the BA diet exhibited tightly organized hepatic tubules with a star-shaped lumen filled with numerous B and R cells. Furthermore, shrimp fed the BA diet demonstrated a significant increase in caspase 3 (CASP) expression. There were no significant variations in the expression levels of prophenoloxidase (ProPO), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) The metabolites of Dl-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, propionylcarnitine, hexanoylcarnitine, palmitoylcarnitine, decanoylcarnitine, and Dl-carnitine exhibited significantly increased expression in shrimp that were fed BA, suggesting their role in the lipolysis process. Based on the findings, adding 2 % BA to the diet of Pacific shrimp helps reduce inflammation and oxidative stress when they are under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpwaga Alatwinusa Yohana
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Gyan Watson Ray
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Qihui Yang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China.
| | - Kou Shiyu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Jiahua Wu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Minling Mao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Zhan Bo Ge
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Lan Feng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
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Deng D, Hu S, Lin Z, Geng J, Qian Z, Zhang K, Ning X, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Yin S. High temperature aggravated hypoxia-induced intestine toxicity on juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101288. [PMID: 39002349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
High temperature and hypoxia in water due to global warming threaten the growth and development of aquatic animals. In natural or cultured environments, stress usually does not occur independently, whereas the synergistic effect of high temperature and hypoxia on Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) are rarely reported. In this study, 450 juvenile crabs were equally divided into control group (24 °C ± 0.5 °C, DO 6.8 ± 0.1 mg/L), hypoxia stress group (24 °C ± 0.5 °C, DO 1 ± 0.1 mg/L) and combined stress group (30 °C ± 0.5 °C, DO 1 ± 0.1 mg/L), and the intestinal health status, microbial diversity and metabolite profiles were evaluated for 24 h treatment. The results showed that hypoxia stress induced the expression level of pro-inflammatory related genes were significantly up-regulated in intestine of juvenile E. sinensis, and intestinal peritrophic membrane factor related genes were significantly down-regulated. High temperature further amplified the effects of hypoxia on pro-inflammatory and peritrophic membrane factor-related genes. Interesting, hypoxia stress induced a significant up-regulated of intestinal antioxidant-related genes, whereas high temperature reversed this trend. In addition, single stress or/and combined stress led to changes in intestinal microbiota diversity and abundance, and intestinal metabolite profiles. Compared with hypoxia stress, the synergistic effect of high temperature and hypoxia led to an increase in the abundance of pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in the abundance of probiotic bacteria. Moreover, intestinal metabolic pathways were significantly changed, especially amino acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Therefore, the results indicated that hypoxia stress could induce intestinal inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and lead to abnormal changes in intestinal microbiota and metabolic profiles, whereas high temperature further aggravate the toxic effects of hypoxia on the intestine. This study preliminarily revealed the synergistic toxic effects of high temperature and hypoxia on the intestine of juvenile E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunqian Deng
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengyu Hu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziqi Lin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiayin Geng
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziang Qian
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xianhui Ning
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Yohana MA, Ray GW, Yang Q, Kou S, Tan B, Wu J, Mao M, Bo Ge Z, Feng L. Protective effects of butyric acid during heat stress on the survival, immune response, histopathology, and gene expression in the hepatopancreas of juvenile pacific shrimp (L. Vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109610. [PMID: 38734117 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study looked at the effects of adding butyric acid (BA) to the diets of juvenile Pacific shrimp and how it affected their response to survival, immunity, histopathological, and gene expression profiles under heat stress. The shrimp were divided into groups: a control group with no BA supplementation and groups with BA inclusion levels of 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %, 2 %, and 2.5 %. Following the 8-week feeding trial period, the shrimp endured a heat stress test lasting 1 h at a temperature of 38 °C. The results showed that the control group had a lower survival rate than those given BA. Interestingly, no mortality was observed in the group receiving 1.5 % BA supplementation. Heat stress had a negative impact on the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the control group. Still, these activities were increased in shrimp fed the BA diet. Similar variations were observed in AST and ALT fluctuations among the different groups. The levels of triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (CHO) increased with high temperatures but were reduced in shrimp-supplemented BA. The activity of an antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with higher BA levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, the groups supplemented with 1.5 % BA exhibited a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05), suggesting the potential antioxidant properties of BA. The histology of the shrimp's hepatopancreas showed improvements in the groups given BA. Conversely, the BA significantly down-regulated the HSPs and up-regulated MnSOD transcript level in response to heat stress. The measured parameters determine the essential dietary requirement of BA for shrimp. Based on the results, the optimal level of BA for survival, antioxidant function, and immunity for shrimp under heat stress is 1.5 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpwaga Alatwinusa Yohana
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Gyan Watson Ray
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Qihui Yang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
| | - Shiyu Kou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Jiahua Wu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Minling Mao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Zhan Bo Ge
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Lan Feng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
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Tian C, Wang Q, Gao T, Sun H, Li J, He Y. Effects of Low-Salinity Stress on Histology and Metabolomics in the Intestine of Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1880. [PMID: 38997992 PMCID: PMC11240639 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has been used extensively to identify crucial molecules and biochemical effects induced by environmental factors. To understand the effects of acute low-salinity stress on Fenneropenaeus chinensis, intestinal histological examination and untargeted metabonomic analysis of F. chinensis were performed after exposure to a salinity of 15 ppt for 3, 7, and 14 d. The histological examination revealed that acute stress resulted in most epithelial cells rupturing, leading to the dispersion of nuclei in the intestinal lumen after 14 days. Metabolomics analysis identified numerous differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) at different time points after exposure to low-salinity stress, in which some DEMs were steadily downregulated at the early stage of stress and then gradually upregulated. We further screened 14 overlapping DEMs, in which other DEMs decreased significantly during low-salinity stress, apart from L-palmitoylcarnitine and vitamin A, with enrichments in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, fatty acid and retinol metabolism, and ABC transporters. ABC transporters exhibit significant abnormalities and play a vital role in low-salinity stress. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of F. chinensis to acute salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huarui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuying He
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
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Su X, Zhu X, Liang Z, Bao Z, Zhang J, Guo J, Guo H. Biochemical, histological and transcriptional response of intestines in Litopenaeus vannamei under chronic zinc exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141646. [PMID: 38452979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for the normal physiological function of aquatic organisms, but it could become toxic to organisms when the concentration increased in water. As the first line of defense, the shrimp intestines are the most susceptible organ to environmental stress. In this study, the chronic toxicity of 0 (control, IC), 0.01(IL), 0.1(IM) and 1 mg/L (IH) Zn in intestines of Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated from the perspectives of biochemical, histological and transcriptional changes after exposure for 30 days. The results showed that the intestinal tissue basement membrane is swollen in the IM and IH groups and detached in the IH group. The total antioxidant capacities (T-AOC) were reduced while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased significantly in IM and IH groups. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased significantly in IH group. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in IL, IM and IH groups, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted on the DEGs to obtain the underlying biological processes and pathways. The gene modules related to the sample were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and genes in modules highly corelated with IH group were mainly enriched in immune related pathways. Nine DEGs were selected for validation by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the expression profiles of these DEGs kept a well consistent with the high-throughput data, which confirmed reliability of transcriptome results. Additionally, 10 DEGs were screened to detect the changes of expression level in different groups. All these results indicated that Zn exposure could damage the intestinal barrier, provoke oxidative stress, reduce the immune function, increase the susceptibility to bacterial infections of L. vannamei and cause inflammation, ultimately result in cell apoptosis. Our study provides more perspective on the stress response of crustacean under Zn exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Su
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, 524088, China
| | - Zhi Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Zhiming Bao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Jieyu Guo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, 524088, China.
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Che S, Huang M, Zhu L, Shen L, Ma Y, Wan Z, Li X, Zhou J, Ding S, Li X. Exposure to nanopolystyrene and phoxim at ambient concentrations causes oxidative stress and inflammation in the intestines of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116126. [PMID: 38387141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanopolystyrene (NP) and phoxim (PHO) are common environmental pollutants in aquatic systems. We evaluated the toxic effects of exposure to ambient concentrations of NP and/or PHO in the intestines of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Our study showed that histopathological changes were observed in the intestines. Specifically, NP and/or PHO exposure increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. Furthermore, NP and/or PHO exposure induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), peroxidase activity (POD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Pro-inflammatory gene expression and transcriptome analysis demonstrated that NP and/or PHO exposure induced the intestinal inflammatory response. Transcriptome results showed that NP and/or PHO exposure upregulated the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is considered a key pathway in the inflammatory response. Additionally, the expression of pro-inflammatory genes significantly increased after a single exposure to NP or PHO, but it exhibited a significant decrease after the co-exposure. The downregulation of these genes in the co-exposure group likely suggested that the co-exposure mitigated intestinal inflammation response in E. sinensis. Collectively, our findings mainly showed that NP and/or PHO exposure at ambient concentrations induces oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the intestines of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengting Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Longteng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhicheng Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuguang Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Shuquan Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xilei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Patil PK, Nagaraju VT, Baskaran V, Avunje S, Rameshbabu R, Ghate SD, Solanki HG. Development of microbial enrichments for simultaneous removal of sulfur and nitrogenous metabolites in saline water aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad173. [PMID: 37541958 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to develop microbial enrichments from the nitrifying microbial consortia and the environment for simultaneous removal of ammonia, nitrate, and sulfide in aquaculture systems at varied salinities. METHODS AND RESULTS Sulfur and nitrogen metabolites are the major factors affecting the farmed aquatic animal species and deteriorate the receiving environments causing ecological damage. The present study reports the development of microbial enrichments from the nitrifying microbial consortia and the environment. The enrichments used thiosulfate or thiocyanate as an energy source and simultaneously removed sulfur, ammonia, and nitrite in spiked medium (125 mg/l ammonia; 145 mg/l nitrite). Further, the microbes in the enrichments could grow up to 30 g/l salinity. Metagenomic studies revealed limited microbial diversity suggesting the enrichment of highly specialized taxa, and co-occurrence network analysis showed the formation of three micro-niches with multiple interactions at different taxonomic levels. CONCLUSIONS The ability of the enrichments to grow in both organic and inorganic medium and simultaneous removal of sulfide, ammonia, and nitrite under varied salinities suggests their potential application in sulfur, nitrogen, and organic matter-rich aquaculture pond environments and other industrial effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Kumar Patil
- ICAR-Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai-600028, India
| | - Vinay Tharabenahalli Nagaraju
- ICAR-Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai-600028, India
| | - Viswanathan Baskaran
- ICAR-Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai-600028, India
| | - Satheesha Avunje
- ICAR-Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai-600028, India
| | - Rajesh Rameshbabu
- ICAR-Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai-600028, India
| | - Sudeep D Ghate
- Center for Bioinformatics, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore-575022, India
| | - Haresh G Solanki
- College of Fisheries, Kamdhenu University, Gandhinagar-382010, India
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Zhao Y, Wang H, Wang H, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Pi Y, Yang P, Wang Q. Sulfide causes histological damage, oxidative stress, metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106439. [PMID: 36965428 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide is a common harmful substance in sediments, with an especially high risk for deposit feeder organisms. The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is a typical benthic feeder, and its intestine is the first line of defense and serves as a crucial barrier function. In this study, histological, physiological, gut microbiota, and metabolomic analyses were performed to explore the toxic response in the intestine of juvenile A. japonicus exposed to 0, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/L sulfide stress for 96 h. The results revealed sulfide-induced intestinal inflammatory symptoms and oxidative stress. Moreover, gut bacterial composition was observed after sulfide exposure, with an increase in Proteobacteria and a decrease in Cyanobacteria and Planctomycetes. Specifically, sulfide increased a set of sulfide-removing bacteria and opportunistic pathogens while decreasing several putative beneficial substance-producing bacteria. The metabolomic analysis indicated that sulfide also disturbed metabolic homeostasis, especially lipid and energy metabolism, in intestine. Interestingly, several intestinal bacteria were further identified to be significantly correlated with metabolic changes; for example, the decreased abundance levels of Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Psychromonas were positively correlated with important energy metabolites, including maleic acid, farnesyl pyrophosphate, thiamine, butynoic acid, and deoxycholic acid. Thus, our research provides new insights into the mechanisms associated with the intestinal metabolic and microbiota response involved in sulfide stress adaptation strategies of juvenile A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- Ocean school, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Han Wang
- Ocean school, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Haona Wang
- Ocean school, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Yanying Zhang
- Ocean school, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Shandong Anyuan Seed Technology Co. Ltd, Yantai, 265617, PR China
| | - Yongrui Pi
- Ocean school, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Pei Yang
- Ocean school, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
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9
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Genome-wide characterization of the cytosolic sulfotransferase 1B member 1 (SULT1B1) family and its expression responses to sulfide stress in the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta. Gene 2023; 856:147136. [PMID: 36572072 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta), a typical burrowing organism in the intertidal zones, is often exposed to sulfide environment and shows strong sulfide tolerance. Located downstream of the sulfur metabolism pathway, cytosolic sulfotransferase family 1B member 1 (SULT1B1) is a key enzyme catalysing the sulfonation reaction, and plays an important role in the biotransformation of endogenous substances such as thyroid hormones (THs). To investigate their roles in sulfide resistance, a systematic analysis of S. constricta SULT1B1s (ScSULT1B1s), including genomic distribution, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, conserved motifs, and expression profiles under sulfide stress, was performed. A total of 10 ScSULT1B1 genes were found in the S. constricta genome. Sequence analysis showed that ScSULT1B1 gene family encoded 155-425 amino acids, containing four catalytic active sites (K, N, H, and S), one PAPS binding domain at the N-terminus, and one PAPS binding and dimerization domain at the C-terminus. The spatial-temporal expression patterns of ScSULT1B1s were further estimated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Among them, partial ScSULT1B1s showed significantly high expression in the gill, hepatopancreas, and siphon. Furthermore, the response expression of certain ScSULT1B1s significantly fluctuated under sulfide stress. Together, our results suggest that ScSULT1B1s, by mediating the sulfonation reaction, may regulate THs levels to maintain basic metabolic and immune functions, making S. constricta highly sulfide tolerant.
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10
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Diwan A, Harke SN, Panche AN. Host-microbiome interaction in fish and shellfish: An overview. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100091. [PMID: 37091066 PMCID: PMC10113762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the gut microbiome in the management of various physiological activities including healthy growth and performance of fish and shellfish is now widely considered and being studied in detail for potential applications in aquaculture farming and the future growth of the fish industry. The gut microbiome in all animals including fish is associated with a number of beneficial functions for the host, such as stimulating optimal gastrointestinal development, producing and supplying vitamins to the host, and improving the host's nutrient uptake by providing additional enzymatic activities. Besides nutrient uptake, the gut microbiome is involved in strengthening the immune system and maintaining mucosal tolerance, enhancing the host's resilience against infectious diseases, and the production of anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory compounds. Because of its significant role, the gut microbiome is very often considered an "extra organ," as it plays a key role in intestinal development and regulation of other physiological functions. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiome is involved in energy homeostasis by regulating feeding, digestive and metabolic processes, as well as the immune response. Consequently, deciphering gut microbiome dynamics in cultured fish and shellfish species will play an indispensable role in promoting animal health and aquaculture productivity. It is mentioned that the microbiome community available in the gut tract, particularly in the intestine acts as an innovative source of natural product discovery. The microbial communities that are associated with several marine organisms are the source of natural products with a diverse array of biological activities and as of today, more than 1000 new compounds have been reported from such microbial species. Exploration of such new ingredients from microbial species would create more opportunities for the development of the bio-pharma/aquaculture industries. Considering the important role of the microbiome in the whole life span of fish and shellfish, it is necessary to understand the interaction process between the host and microbial community. However, information pertaining to host-microbiome interaction, particularly at the cellular level, gene expression, metabolic pathways, and immunomodulation mechanisms, the available literature is scanty. It has been reported that there are three ways of interaction involving the host-microbe-environment operates to maintain homeostasis in the fish and shellfish gut i.e. host intrinsic factors, the environment that shapes the gut microbiome composition, and the core microbial community present in the gut system itself has equal influence on the host biology. In the present review, efforts have been made to collect comprehensive information on various aspects of host-microbiome interaction, particularly on the immune system and health maintenance, management of diseases, nutrient uptake, digestion and absorption, gene expression, and metabolism in fish and shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.D. Diwan
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) University, Aurangabad, 431003, Maharashtra, India
- Corresponding author at: MGM Institute of Biosciences and Technology, MGM University, N-6, CIDCO, Aurangabad 431003, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sanjay N Harke
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) University, Aurangabad, 431003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana N Panche
- Novo Nordisk Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, B220 Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Zhou N, Wang Z, Yang L, Zhou W, Qin Z, Zhang H. Size-dependent toxicological effects of polystyrene microplastics in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using a histomorphology, microbiome, and metabolic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120635. [PMID: 36370970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the wide application of plastic products in human life, microplastic pollution in water has recently attracted more attention. Many studies have revealed the size-dependent toxicity of microplastics. Here, we investigated the toxicological effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on the white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, a profitable aquaculture species, using a comprehensive histomorphological, microbiome, and metabolomic approach to verify whether smaller particles are more toxic than larger particles. L. vannamei were experimentally exposed to water containing PS-MPs of four sizes (0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 20.0 μm) for 24 h at 10 mg/L (acute experiment) and 12 d at 1 mg/L (subchronic experiment). After 24 h of acute exposure, PS-MP accumulation in shrimp indicated that the ingestion and egestion of PS-MPs had a size-dependent effect, and smaller particles were more bioavailable. The tissue morphological results of subchronic experiments showed that, for the guts and gills, the smaller sizes of the PS-MPs exhibited greater damage. In addition, 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that the alpha diversity was higher under larger PS-MP exposure. Correlated with changes in intestinal bacteria, we found a greater enrichment of metabolic pathways in hemolymph proteins and metabolites in larger PS-MP groups, such as "arginine and proline metabolism", "protein digestion and absorption", "lysine degradation". Interestingly, the activity or content of biomarkers of oxidative stress showed a peak at 1 μm and 5 μm. Under specific sizes of PS-MPs, the abundance of the pathogen Vibrio and probiotic bacteria Rhodobacter (5-μm) and Bacillus and Halomonas (1-μm) were simultaneously enriched. Our results indicated that PS-MP exposure can cause size-dependent damage to shrimp, yet specific particle size can be influential differently in regard to some research indicators. Therefore, it can enhance our comprehensive understanding of the impacts of microplastics on shrimp health and suggests that specific particle size should be considered when assessing the size-dependent toxicity of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjia Zhou
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China; College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China; Faculty of Art and Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China; College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China; Faculty of Art and Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China; College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China; Faculty of Art and Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyao Zhou
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China; College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China; Faculty of Art and Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Qin
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China
| | - Heqian Zhang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China; College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China; Faculty of Art and Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Sun C, Shan F, Liu M, Liu B, Zhou Q, Zheng X, Xu X. High-Fat-Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress in Giant Freshwater Prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii) via NF-κB/NO Signal Pathway and the Amelioration of Vitamin E. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020228. [PMID: 35204111 PMCID: PMC8868509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids work as essential energy sources for organisms. However, prawns fed on high-fat diets suffer from oxidative stress, whose potential mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study aimed to explore the regulation mechanism of oxidative stress induced by high fat and the amelioration by vitamin E (VE) of oxidative stress. Macrobrachium rosenbergii were fed with two dietary fat levels (LF 9% and HF 13%) and two VE levels (200 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the HF diet decreased the growth performance, survival rate and antioxidant capacity of M. rosenbergii, as well as inducing hypertrophied lipid droplets, lipophagy and apoptosis. A total of 600 mg/kg of VE in the HF diet alleviated the negative effects induced by HF. In addition, the HF diet suppressed the expression of toll-dorsal and imd-relish signal pathways. After the relish and dorsal pathways were knocked down, the downstream iNOS and NO levels decreased and the MDA level increased. The results indicated that M. rosenbergii fed with a high-fat diet could cause oxidative damage. Its molecular mechanism may be attributed to the fact that high fat suppresses the NF-κB/NO signaling pathway mediating pro-oxidant and antioxidant targets for regulation of oxidative stress. Dietary VE in an HF diet alleviated hepatopancreas oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (C.S.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (F.S.); (M.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Fan Shan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (F.S.); (M.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (F.S.); (M.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (C.S.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (F.S.); (M.L.); (X.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0510-8555-6101
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (C.S.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (F.S.); (M.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (C.S.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaodi Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (F.S.); (M.L.); (X.X.)
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13
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Wang X, Wang J, Zhao YG, Maqbool F, Guo L, Gao M, Jin C, Ji J. Control of toxic sulfide in mariculture environment by iron-coated ceramsite and immobilized sulfur oxidizing bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148658. [PMID: 34328974 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered one of the serious toxic pollutants in mariculture environment. Consequently, it is necessary to develop an effective strategy to prevent the production of sulfide. In this study, we modified the ceramsite with iron (ICC) and prepared a microbial agent, i.e., the immobilized sulfur-oxidizing-bacterium on the ICC (SICC), the microbial agent was following dosed in the simulated mariculture systems to control the sulfide pollutant. Results showed that the sulfide removal capacity of the new material ICC reached to 3.42 mg S g-1 in 24 h. Comparably, the microbial agent SICC presented a stable capability in oxidizing sulfide and the sulfide removal was above 65% in test media feeding with 600 mg L-1 sulfide even after five times of recycling. The microcosm experiments conducted in the simulated mariculture systems showed that the application of the ICC together with the SICC was able to quickly remove the existing sulfide and persistently inhibit the production of sulfide, the immobilized sulfur-oxidizing-bacterium survived stably in the new environment accounting for 1.22% of total microbial community. Therefore, dosing the ICC and SICC simultaneously might be a preferable strategy and presented a promising perspective in remediating the deteriorated mariculture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering (MEGE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering (MEGE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yang-Guo Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering (MEGE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Farhana Maqbool
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Liang Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering (MEGE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering (MEGE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering (MEGE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Junyuan Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering (MEGE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
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14
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Zhu P, Wang H, Zeng Q. Comparative transcriptome reveals the response of oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) to sulfide toxicity at molecular level. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105700. [PMID: 33285378 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environmental pollutants have various impacts on aquaculture. Specifically, sulfide has been established as being toxic to aquatic animals including the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. In response, the hepatopancreas has been broadly studied, as it plays a pivotal role in arthropod nutrient digestion and absorption, energy supply, and organ development as well as in crustacean immunity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of hepatopancreas's response to sulfide toxicity are still poorly understand. Herein, we used Nova-seq 6000 platform to conduct a comparative transcriptome analysis of gene expression profiles in the hepatopancreas of M. nipponense, while it was under the influence of a semi-lethal sulfide concentration (3.20 mg/L at 48 h). A total of 139 million raw reads were obtained, in which 67,602 transcripts were clustered into 37,041 unigenes for further analysis. After constant sulfide exposure for 48 h, 235 differentially expressed genes, i.e., DEGs (151 up-regulated and 84 down-regulated) were identified in the sulfide treatment group (TGHP) compared with the control group (CGHP). We used GO and KEGG databases to annotate all the DEGs into 1180 functions and 123 pathways, respectively. The metabolic pathways included proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation, sulfur metabolism, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and the TCA cycle; while immune-related pathways contained Ras, Rap1, focal adhesion and platelet activation. Additionally, apoptosis-involved pathways e.g., lysosome, also exhibited remarkable alteration in the presence of sulfide stress. Notably, responses to external stimuli and detoxification genes- such as GSKIP, CRT2, APOD, TRET1, CYP4C3 and HR39- were significantly altered by the sulfide stress, indicating that significant toxicity was transferred through energy metabolism, growth, osmoregulatory processes and immunity. Finally, we demonstrated that in the present of sulfide stress, M. nipponense altered the expression of detoxification- and extracellular stimulation-related genes, and displayed positive resistance via tight junction activation and lysosome pathways. The results of these novel experiments shed light on the hepatopancreas's molecular response to sulfide stress resistance and the corresponding adaptation mechanism; and enable us to identify several potential biomarkers for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Department of Aquaculture Research Lab, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Aquaculture Research Lab, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Qifan Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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15
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Bautista-Covarrubias JC, Zamora-Ibarra PA, Apreza-Burgos E, Rodríguez-Ocampo AN, Peraza-Gómez V, López-Sánchez JA, Pacheco-Vega JM, González-Hermoso JP, Frías-Espericueta MG. Immune response and oxidative stress of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at different moon phases. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:591-595. [PMID: 32846243 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Moon phases influence the molting process of shrimp, which affect other physiological processes as immune response. This study analyzed some parameters of immune response: total hemocytes counts (THC), hemolymph clotting time and superoxide anion (O2-) production, total protein concentration, superoxide dismutase activity, and the presence of Vibrio spp. in Litopenaeus vannamei at different moon phases. The highest percentage of organisms in intermolt stage was observed in the first quarter moon phase (95%). The highest THC was observed at new moon phase, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) than that observed at the third quarter phase. Hemolymph clotting time and CFU values of Vibrio spp. showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between different moon phases. The higher (p < 0.05) mean O2- production value (0.400 ± 0.168 nmol min-1 mL-1) was determined in hepatopancreas at new moon phase. No relationship was observed between O2- and SOD activity, indicating that this antioxidant response was enough to counteract the influence of oxidative stress in L. vannamei at different moon phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Bautista-Covarrubias
- Laboratorio de Indicadores Biológicos de Estrés Ambiental, Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Bahía de Matanchén, San Blas Nayarit, C.P. 63740, Mexico.
| | - Patricia Anely Zamora-Ibarra
- Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, C.P. 63780, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Apreza-Burgos
- Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, C.P. 63780, Mexico
| | | | - Viridiana Peraza-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Indicadores Biológicos de Estrés Ambiental, Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Bahía de Matanchén, San Blas Nayarit, C.P. 63740, Mexico
| | - José Armando López-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Indicadores Biológicos de Estrés Ambiental, Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Bahía de Matanchén, San Blas Nayarit, C.P. 63740, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Pacheco-Vega
- Laboratorio de Indicadores Biológicos de Estrés Ambiental, Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Bahía de Matanchén, San Blas Nayarit, C.P. 63740, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo González-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Indicadores Biológicos de Estrés Ambiental, Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Bahía de Matanchén, San Blas Nayarit, C.P. 63740, Mexico
| | - Martín Gabriel Frías-Espericueta
- Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, C.P. 82000, Mexico
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16
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Han F, Xu C, Qi C, Lin Z, Li E, Wang C, Wang X, Qin JG, Chen L. Sodium butyrate can improve intestinal integrity and immunity in juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) fed glycinin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:400-411. [PMID: 32371256 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate is a fermentation byproduct of gut microbiota and is susceptible to chronic oxidative stress. This study investigates the mitigative effects of sodium butyrate (SBT) on growth inhibition and intestinal damage induced by glycinin in juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). All four experimental diets containing 80 g/kg glycinin were formulated with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g/kg SBT respectively. There was no glycinin or SBT in the control diet. Juvenile crabs (0.33 ± 0.01g) were respectively fed with these five diets for eight weeks. The diets with 10 and 20 g/kg SBT significantly improved the survival and weight gain of the crabs compared with those in the 0 g/kg SBT group, and showed no difference with the control group. The crabs fed diets containing glycinin without SBT had lower glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activities but higher malondialdehyde in the intestine than those in the control group. Moreover, dietary glycinin decreased the lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities and improved the level of histamine in the intestine compared with the control group, while the supplementation of SBT counteracted these negative effects. The addition of SBT could also restore the impaired immunity and morphological structure of the intestine. Dietary SBT could increase the mRNA expression of antimicrobial peptides genes (anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 1 and 2) and decrease the content of pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α. The SBT could restore the intestinal microbial community disorganized by glycinin. The abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas, Vibrio and Pseudomonas) decreased significantly and the potential probiotic bacteria (Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Chitinibacter and Dysgonomonas) increased significantly in the 10 g/kg SBT group. This study suggests that sodium butyrate supplementation can mitigate the negative effects induced by glycinin such as growth inhibition, intestinal inflammation and reduction of beneficial flora in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglu Han
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Aquaculture College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Changle Qi
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhideng Lin
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Erchao Li
- Department of Aquaculture College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jian G Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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17
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Guo K, Ruan G, Fan W, Wang Q, Fang L, Luo J, Liu Y. Immune response to acute heat stress in the intestine of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:146-151. [PMID: 32165247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High temperature is an important environmental factor that affects the survival and immunity of aquatic animals. The intestine of crustaceans is their first line of defense, and the physiological homeostasis of this organ can be influenced by high temperature stress. The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii is an important commercial aquaculture species in China, but little is known about its intestinal immune response to acute heat stress. In this study, we investigated the intestinal immune response of P. clarkii individuals that were assigned to the control (25 °C) and heat stress (35 °C) groups. Biochemical assays were conducted for the oxidative stress parameters ·O2- generation capacity, lipid peroxide content, and malondialdehyde content; the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; and the activities of the immunity-related enzymes alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and lysozyme. The relative expression level of the antioxidant genes heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), ferritin (fer), and metallothione (met) was examined by RT-PCR. Based on the data obtained, all the parameters tended to increase, peak and then decrease with time, and were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). These findings reveal that acute heat stress adversely affects the antioxidant status and immune function in the P. clarkii intestine. They lay the groundwork for future studies on the effect of rising water temperatures on immune function and survival of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China; Hubei Research Institute of Aquatic Industry Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
| | - Guoliang Ruan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China; Hubei Research Institute of Aquatic Industry Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China.
| | - Wenhao Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China
| | - Liu Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China
| | - Jingbo Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China
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Sun C, Liu B, Zhou Q, Xiong Z, Shan F, Zhang H. Response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii to Vegetable Oils Replacing Dietary Fish Oil: Insights From Antioxidant Defense. Front Physiol 2020; 11:218. [PMID: 32231592 PMCID: PMC7082322 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fish oil replacement by vegetable oils on growth performance, histology, and antioxidant capacity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with different lipid sources included. DFO diet contained 6% fish oil, whereas DSO and DRO diets included 6% soybean oil and rapeseed oil (RO) as alternatives for fish oil, respectively. Prawns were fed thrice daily for 8 weeks. The results showed that prawns in DFO group showed significantly lower final weight, weight gain ratio, and specific growth rate (SGR), but higher feed intake and feed coefficient ratio than those in DSO and DRO groups. In hepatocellular ultrastructure, malformed and atrophic nucleus and higher apoptosis ratio were observed in DFO group. In addition, levels of haemolymph proinflammatory cytokines, activities of anti-superoxide anion, inducible-type NO-synthase (iNOS) and content of nitric oxide, and hepatopancreas NF-κB signal pathway gene expression in DFO group increased markedly compared to those of DSO and DRO groups. The results suggested that vegetable oils, such as soybean oil and RO might be the better lipid sources in diets for Macrobrachium rosenbergii than fish oil, it may be attributed to modified oxidative status induced by NF-κB-NO signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhe Xiong
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fan Shan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
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Wei C, Pan L, Zhang X, Xu L, Si L, Tong R, Wang H. Transcriptome analysis of hemocytes from the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with the injection of dopamine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:497-509. [PMID: 31541775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a crucial neuroendocrine-immune factor, dopamine (DA) could regulate the immune system of Litopenaeus vannamei. To understand the immune mechanisms and regulatory pathways of DA in L. vannamei, the transcriptome analysis of hemocytes of L. vannamei with injection of DA (10-6 mol/shrimp) at 3 and 12 h were performed in this study. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method was applied to validate the accuracy of transcriptome sequencing and analyze the expression pattern of candidate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different time points (0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h) after DA injection. The results showed that a total of 51382 unigenes with a N50 length of 2341 bp were generated. And 1397 and 457 DEGs were obtained by comparative transcriptome at 3 and 12h respectively. Moreover, the results of functional annotation and enriched pathway showed that the DEGs were involved in phagosome (ko04145), lysosome (ko04142), Endocytosis (ko04144), and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (ko04621). Besides, the Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) between transcriptome sequencing and qPCR was 0.845, which confirmed the reliability of the transcriptome sequencing results and the accuracy of assembly. Furthermore, the expression pattern of 15 candidate DEGs, containing 9 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated DEGs at 3 h, indicated the regulation of DA in physiological functions especially in the immune system. Therefore, these results revealed that DA induced the expressions of membrane receptors or proteins, activated intracellular signaling pathways, regulated cellular and humoral immune systems, controlled antioxidation and apoptosis, and was involved in the regulation of neuroendocrine system. These findings are helpful to promote the understanding on the effects of biogenic amines on physiological functions and regulatory networks of crustacean, and offer a substantial material and foundation for researching the immune response of crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Lijun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Lingjun Si
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
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Jiang L, Feng J, Ying R, Yin F, Pei S, Lu J, Cao Y, Guo J, Li Z. Individual and combined effects of ammonia-N and sulfide on the immune function and intestinal microbiota of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:230-240. [PMID: 31200069 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the individual and combined effects of ammonia-N and sulfide stress (1 mg/L sulfide and 15 mg/L ammonia-N) on the oxidation resistance, immune response and intestinal health of Litopenaeus vannamei during 72 h exposure. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malonaldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT), the immune-relative gene (caspase-3, hsp70 and IMD) expression in hepatopancreas and intestine of L.vannamei and the intestinal microbiota were measured. The result showed that MDA and NO contents in hepatopancreas of L. vannamei in all treatment groups increased and remain were at high levels at the end of the stress exposure. The L. vannamei employ antioxidant defense system by increasing the activities of T-AOC, SOD and CAT enzymes in hepatopancereas and intestine to reduce oxidant damage. More severe damages with combined ammonia-N and sulfide stress to antioxidant systems were observed. The gene expression results also demonstrated that antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei was severely impaired and the apoptosis cell was initiated under the ammonia-N and sulfide stress. In addition, the environmental stress also reshaped the intestinal microbial community structure of L. vannamei that a number of original genera decreased, such as Cellvibrio, Vibrio and Rheinheimera; some new genera increased or appeared, such as Photobacterium in all treatment groups, Arcobacter and Fusibacter in sulfide stress group. Therefore, the health of L. vannamei was severely impacted when exposed to the stress of ammonia nitrogen and sulfide and these two factors can have weak synergic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianxiang Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Rui Ying
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fangmin Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Surui Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yiting Cao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, China
| | - Zufu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Li H, Xu C, Zhou L, Dong Y, Su Y, Wang X, Qin JG, Chen L, Li E. Beneficial effects of dietary β-glucan on growth and health status of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at low salinity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:315-324. [PMID: 31129185 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary β-glucan supplement (0, 0.01%, 0.02%, or 0.04%) on growth and health of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at low salinity of 3 practical salinity unit (psu). The L. vannamei fed 0.02% and 0.04% β-glucan gained more weight and showed higher activities of protease, amylase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the intestine than in the control (0% β-glucan). The L. vannamei fed 0.04% β-glucan had a higher condition factor than those fed the control diet. Amylase activity in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei fed 0.02% β-glucan was higher than those fed the control diet. Dietary β-glucan supplement increased the mRNA expressions of Toll-like receptor, myostatin, immune deficiency or heat shock protein 70, but decreased the mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α and C-type lectin 3 in both hepatopancreas and intestine. The response of intestine microbiota in L. vannamei fed 0.04% β-glucan was further compared to the control. The 0.04% β-glucan supplement reduced richness and diversity of the intestinal microbial community as indicated by the low values of Chao1 estimator, ACE estimator, Simpson index and Shannon diversity index. Abundances of Bacillus, Chitinibacter, Geobacillus and Vibrio in the intestine increased, while Flavobacterium, Microbacterium and Mycobacterium decreased significantly in L. vannamei fed 0.04% β-glucan compared to the control. This study indicates that dietary β-glucan supplement at 0.02%-0.04% can significantly improve digestibility, antioxidant capacity and immunity in L. vannamei, and thus improve growth performance and survival at low salinity. These beneficial effects of β-glucan probably are related to the dominance of probiotics over potential pathogens in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China; School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yangfan Dong
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yujie Su
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Erchao Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
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Duan Y, Wang Y, Liu Q, Xiong D, Zhang J. Transcriptomic and microbiota response on Litopenaeus vannamei intestine subjected to acute sulfide exposure. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:335-343. [PMID: 30772398 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harmful effects of water pollutants are myriad. Sulfide from water bodies affects the aquatic animals. Intestine barrier function serves as the front-line of animals defense. Our previous study confirmed the toxic effect of sulfide on intestine immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei, but the underlying mechanisms remained elusive. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the transcriptomic and microbiota responses of the L. vannamei intestine subjected to acute sulfide exposure. Sulfide decreased bacterial richness and altered the intestine microbiota composition. Specifically, sulfide increased the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, but decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria. At the genus level, sulfide increased typical cellulolytic characteristics bacteria, such as Formosa, Sphingomonas, and Demequina. RNA-seq analysis identified differential expression of 1799 genes (701 up-regulated and 1098 down-regulated) were grouped into 267 pathways. The most enriched pathway 'amoebiasis' was related to the intestine mucus homeostasis. A number of immune-related genes associated with antimicrobial, antioxidant, pathogen attachment and recognition, and apoptosis processes in contrasting accessions; they were correlated with the abundance of intestine bacterial at the phylum level. This study provides an insight into the mechanisms associated with molecular and microbiota response and processes involved in adaptation strategies towards sulfide stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Dalin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jiasong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Duan Y, Wang Y, Dong H, Li H, Liu Q, Zhang J, Xiong D. Physiological and immune response in the gills of Litopenaeus vannamei exposed to acute sulfide stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:161-167. [PMID: 30017929 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide is a harmful environmental pollutant that affects the survival and immunity of shrimps. The gill is important for shrimp respiratory and osmotic adjustment, the physiological and immune homeostasis of the organ can be influenced by sulfide. In this study, we investigated the acute toxicity of sulfide (5 mg/L) on the morphology, physiological and immune response in the gills of Litopenaeus vannamei. H&E stain showed that sulfide stress damaged the gills histological structure. Specifically, osmoregulation capacity including of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity was both increased at 6 h and 12 h, and decreased at 72 h; the contents of free amino acid including of Gly, Pro, Ser, Thr and Ala were decreased at 72 h. Respiratory metabolic enzymes, such as cytochrome c oxidase and succcinate dehydrogenase activity was decreased at 12 h-72 h, while fumarate reductase and lactate dehydrogenase activity kept a higher level at 12 h-72 h. Significant variations in the activities of immune enzymes (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, total antioxidant capacity and lysozyme). The expression of immune-related genes (heat shock protein 70, thioredoxin and caspase-3) was increased at first and then decreased, while hypoxia inducible factor 1α kept a higher level at 6 h-72 h. These results revealed that sulfide stress influenced the L. vannamei gills physiological and immune function by damaging histological structure, and confusing osmoregulation, respiratory metabolic and immune capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Hongbiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Jiasong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China.
| | - Dalin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
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Duan Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Sun Y, Wang J. Dietary effects of succinic acid on the growth, digestive enzymes, immune response and resistance to ammonia stress of Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:10-17. [PMID: 29626670 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic acids acts as an growth promoter and antimicrobial agent in aquaculture. The present study investigated the effects of a natural organic acid - succinic acid (SA) on the growth, digestive enzymes, immune response and resistance to ammonia stress of Litopenaeus vannamei. The shrimps were firstly fed with diets containing different levels of SA: 0% (Control), 0.25% (SA1), 0.50% (SA2), and 1.0% (SA3) (w/w) for 56 days, followed by an acute ammonia stress for 48 h. The results indicated that dietary of SA improved the growth of shrimp, and increased the survival rate of shrimp after ammonia stress for 48 h. The amylase, lipase and pepsin activity increased in hepatopancreas in three SA group, while trypsin activity was only increased in the SA1 and SA2 groups. At 56 d, T-NOS activity, proPO and HSP70 gene expression level increased in the three SA group, PO activity increased in the SA1 and SA2 groups, T-AOC content and Toll gene expression level increased in the SA2 and SA3 groups, Trx and SOD gene expression level increased in the SA2 group, while Imd, GS and GDH gene expression level was no changes. After exposure to ammonia stress for 48 h, immune biochemical parameters (T-AOC and PO) and genes (proPO, HSP70, Trx and GDH) expression level increased in the three SA group, T-NOS activity, Toll, Imd and GS gene expression level increased in the SA2 and SA3 groups, while SOD gene expression level increased in the SA1 and SA2 groups. These results indicated that SA improved growth, enhanced digestive and immune capacities of L. vannamei against ammonia stress, and may be a potential feed additive for shrimp. The optimal dietary supplementation dosage is 0.50% (w/w) in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Jiasong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
| | - Yongxu Sun
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
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Zhu D, Yang L, Huang J, Zhou F, Yang Q, Jiang S, Jiang S. The comprehensive expression analysis of the G protein-coupled receptor from Penaeus monodon indicating it participates in innate immunity and anti-ammonia nitrogen stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:17-26. [PMID: 29410275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) composed a superfamily that played an important role in physiological processes of crustaceans, with multiple functions such as growth and development, acting as a defense against stimulations from external factors. In this paper, one kind of GPCRs were identified from Penaeus monodon, called PmGPCR, included an open reading frame (ORF) of 1113 bp. Bioinformatic analysis showed that PmGPCR protein had the typical structure of seven transmembrane domains (7TM), especially the special Asp-Arg-Try motif (DRY motif) between the third transmembrane structures (TM3) and the second intracellular loops (IL-2) which can prove that PmGPCR belongs to the rhodopsin-like family. The analyses of phylogenetic tree indicated that the amino acid sequence of PmGPCR should be merged into Procambarus clarkiic with high identity (98%). Quantitative real-time PCR (q RT-PCR) revealed that PmGPCR mRNA was highly expressed in hepatopancreas, abdominal ganglia and lymph, in which it was significantly higher than that of other tissues (P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of PmGPCR was analyzed during three days post-stimulation with the gram-positive/negative bacteria, the mRNA expression level increased after challenged with gram - positive bacteria in hepatopancreas, lymph and intestines. During the development stages, PmGPCR showed significantly higher expression in nauplius, zoea III, mysis III and post larvae stages than that in other development stages. Meanwhile, the highest transcripts expression of PmGPCR in abdominal ganglia, hepatopancreas, lymph and intestines respectively appeared at D0, D1, D2 and D3/D4 stages of molting. High or low concentration of ammonia nitrogen up-regulated the expression level of PmGPCR at the initial stage in hepatopancreas and gill, and then down-regulated at 48 h. These results indicated PmGPCR may mediate the pathways that involved in growth and development process, survival in the adversity, in addition, provided the useful data to research GPCR-mediated physiological and biological process and explain the mechanisms to defense pathogens and anti-stress in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lishi Yang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518108, PR China
| | - Falin Zhou
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Qibin Yang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Song Jiang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Shigui Jiang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518108, PR China.
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Duan Y, Zhang Y, Dong H, Wang Y, Zheng X, Zhang J. Effect of dietary Clostridium butyricum on growth, intestine health status and resistance to ammonia stress in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 65:25-33. [PMID: 28359948 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of dietary Clostridium butyricum (CB) on growth, intestine microstructure, intestine digestive and immune function, intestine short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) content and body composition of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The shrimp was fed for 56 d with diets containing different levels of C. butyricum (1 × 109 cfu/g): 0% (Control), 0.25% (CB1), 0.5% (CB2) and 1.0% (CB3) as treatment groups, followed by an acute ammonia stress test for 72 h. The results indicated that dietary supplementation of C. butyricum decreased the feed conversion rate (FCR) and increased the growth performance of shrimp. Compared with the control group, after shrimp fed with C. butyricum 56 d, intestine amylase and protease activity in the three C. butyricum group increased, while lipase activity was only affected in the CB1 and CB2 group. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) content, lysozyme (LSZ) activity, and the relative expression level of Toll and immune deficiency (Imd) gene all increased in three C. butyricum groups. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity increased in the CB2 and CB3 group, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression level increased in the CB3 group, while nitric oxide (NO) content was not affected by C. butyricum. After shrimp exposed to ammonia stress, intestine immune biochemical parameters (T-AOC, LSZ, iNOS and NO) and genes (HSP70, Toll and Imd) expression level of C. butyricum group was higher than that of the control. HE stain showed that C. butyricum increased the intestine epithelium height of L. vannamei. These results revealed that C. butyricum could improve the growth performance, increased intestine SCFA content and body crude protein content, modulated intestine digestive capacity, and enhanced intestine immune function of L. vannamei against ammonia stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Hongbiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Jiasong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
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