1
|
He L, Shi X, Han K, Huang W, Chen D, Lian Z, Ruan S. Molecular characterization of adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 and the correlation analysis between its mRNA expression levels and inosine monophosphate content in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 272:110966. [PMID: 38452850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Declining flesh quality has drawn considerable attention in the farmed large yellow croaker (LYC; Larimichthys crocea) industry. Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is the primary flavor substance in aquatic animals. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1) plays a critical role in IMP formation by catalyzing the deamination of AMP to IMP in the purine nucleotide cycle. To further evaluate the correlation between ampd1 mRNA expression levels and IMP content in the LYC muscle tissue, the relevant open reading frame (ORF) of L. crocea (Lcampd1) was cloned, and the IMP content and Lcampd1 mRNA expression in the muscles of LYCs of different sizes were examined. The ORF cDNA of Lcampd1 was 2211 bp in length and encoded a polypeptide of 736 amino acids (AAs). The deduced protein, LcAMPD1, possesses conserved AMPD active regions (SLSTDDP) and shows high homology with AMPD proteins of other teleost fishes. The genomic DNA sequence of Lcampd1 exhibits a high degree of evolutionary conservation in terms of structural organization among species. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced AA sequence revealed that teleost fish and mammalian AMPD1 were separate from each other and formed a cluster with AMPD3, suggesting that AMPD1 and AMPD3 arose by duplication of a common primordial gene. In healthy LYC, Lcampd1 mRNA was expressed only in the muscle tissue. The IMP content in the muscle of LYCs with different average body weights was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography; the results showed that the IMP content in the muscle of LYCs with greater body weight was significantly higher than that in LYC with lower body weight. Moreover, a similar trend in Lcampd1 expression was observed in these muscle tissues. The Pearson correlation analysis further showed that the Lcampd1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with IMP content in the muscles of different-sized LYCs. These results suggest the potential function of Lcampd1 in determining the IMP content in LYC and provide a theoretical basis for flesh quality improvement, as well as a scientific basis for the development of the molecular breeding of LYC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyin He
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; Fujian Xinyiding agricultural development Co., Ltd, Ningde 352100, China.
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Kunhuang Han
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Delong Chen
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Zhidi Lian
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Shaojiang Ruan
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Li K, Cao Y, Wang D, Cheng J, Gao H, Geng M, Yang J, Wei X. Inducible IL-2 production and IL-2 + cell expansion are landmark events for T-cell activation of teleost. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109515. [PMID: 38499218 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
As a multipotent cytokine, interleukin (IL)-2 plays important roles in activation, differentiation and survival of the lymphocytes. Although biological characteristics and function of IL-2 have been clarified in several teleost species, evidence regarding IL-2 production at the cellular and protein levels is still scarce in fish due to the lack of reliable antibody. In this study, we developed a mouse anti-Nile tilapia IL-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), which could specifically recognize IL-2 protein and identify IL-2-producing lymphocytes of tilapia. Using this mAb, we found that CD3+ T cells, but not CD3- lymphocytes, are the main cellular source of IL-2 in tilapia. Under resting condition, both CD3+CD4-1+ T cells and CD3+CD4-1- T cells of tilapia produce IL-2. Moreover, the IL-2 protein level and the frequency of IL-2+ T cells significantly increased once T cells were activated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or CD3 plus CD28 mAbs in vitro. In addition, Edwardsiella piscicida infection also induces the IL-2 production and the expansion of IL-2+ T cells in the spleen lymphocytes. These findings demonstrate that IL-2 takes part in the T-cell activation and anti-bacterial adaptive immune response of tilapia, and can serve as an important marker for T-cell activation of teleost fish. Our study has enriched the knowledge regarding T-cell response in fish species, and also provide novel perspective for understanding the evolution of adaptive immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haiyou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ming Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu H, Fu Q, Teng Y, Mu P, Chen J, Chen X. The identification and expression of an interleukin-21 receptor in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10121-10129. [PMID: 37921979 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We identified a homologue of IL-21R (LcIL-21R) in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea, Lc). Our investigation focused on understanding the molecular structural features and immune function of LcIL-21R. METHODS We cloned the LcIL-21R gene from the genome of Larimichthys crocea by RT‒PCR, and the molecular and structural characteristics of LcIL-21R were analyzed by a series of protein analysis tools. We used real-time PCR to investigate the tissue distribution of LcIL-21R, and LcIL-21R gene expression regulation was also measured in head kidney leukocytes under trivalent bacterial vaccine or poly (I:C) stimulation. RESULTS The open reading frame (ORF) of the LcIL-21R gene is 1629 bp long and encodes a precursor protein of 542 amino acids (aa), with a 23-aa signal peptide and a 519-aa mature peptide containing four putative N-glycosylation sites. LcIL-21R has two fibronectin type III (FNIII)-like domains (D1 and D2), a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic region. A conserved WSXWS motif was also found in the D2 domain. The predicted structure of the extracellular region of LcIL-21R (LcIL-21R-Ex) is highly similar to that of human IL-21R. LcIL-21R was constitutively expressed in all tissues examined, and LcIL-21R mRNA levels were increased in the head kidney and spleen upon inactivated trivalent bacterial vaccine or poly(I:C) stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that LcIL-21R shares structural and functional properties with IL-21Rs found in other vertebrates, indicating its potential involvement in the IL-21-mediated immune response to pathogenic infections. These findings contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary conservation of IL-21 signaling and its role in the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Yan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Pengfei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bela-Ong DB, Thompson KD, Kim HJ, Park SB, Jung TS. CD4 + T lymphocyte responses to viruses and virus-relevant stimuli in teleost fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109007. [PMID: 37625734 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Fish diseases caused by viruses are a major threat to aquaculture. Development of disease protection strategies for sustainable fish aquaculture requires a better understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in antiviral defence. The innate and adaptive arms of the vertebrate immune system collaborate to mount an effective defence against viral pathogens. The T lymphocyte components of the adaptive immune system, comprising two major classes (helper T, Th or CD4+ and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CTLs or CD8+ T cells), are responsible for cell-mediated immune responses. In particular, CD4+ T cells and their different subsets orchestrate the actions of various other immune cells during immune responses, making CD4+ T cells central drivers of responses to pathogens and vaccines. CD4+ T cells are also present in teleost fish. Here we review the literature that reported the use of antibodies against CD4 in a few teleost fish species and transcription profiling of Th cell-relevant genes in the context of viral infections and virus-relevant immunomodulation. Studies reveal massive CD4+ T cell proliferation and expression of key cytokines, transcription factors, and effector molecules that evoke mammalian Th cell responses. We also discuss gaps in the current understanding and evaluation of teleost CD4+ T cell responses and how development and application of novel tools and approaches to interrogate such responses could bridge these gaps. A greater understanding of fish Th cell responses will further illuminate the evolution of vertebrate adaptive immunity, inform strategies to address viral infections in aquaculture, and could further foster fish as model organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Berbulla Bela-Ong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hyoung Jun Kim
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for VHS, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bin Park
- Coastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Pascagula, MS, 39567, USA
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Su J. Interleukin-2 family cytokines: An overview of genes, expression, signaling and functional roles in teleost. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:104645. [PMID: 36696924 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-2 (IL-2) family cytokines include IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21, which share γ chain (γc) subunit in receptors. The IL-2 family cytokines have unique biological effects that regulate differentiation, survival and activation of multiple lymphocyte lineages. Deficiency of IL-2 family signaling pathway in mammals prevents CD4+ T cells from developing effector functions and CD8+ T cells from developing immunological memory. In the present review, we addressed available information from teleost IL-2 family cytokines and discussed implications in teleost immunity. Also, we described and discussed their expression profiles, receptors, signaling transductions and functions. In teleost, IL-2 family has 5 members (IL-2, IL-4/13, IL-7, IL-15, IL-21) without IL-9, and their receptors share a common γc subunit and include other 6 subunits (IL-2Rβ1/2, IL-4Rα1/2, IL-13Rα1/2, IL-7Rα, IL-15Rα, and IL-21Rα1/2). Some paralogues have changes in domain structure and show differential expression, modulation, functions. IL-2 family cytokines constitutively express in many immune associated tissues and are largely induced after pathogenic microbial stimulation. In general, there are relatively conserved functions in the IL-2 family throughout vertebrates, and many of the key IL-2 family members are important in lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, development, inflammation from fishes to mammals. This review will give an update on the effective information of teleost IL-2 family cytokines. Thus, it will provide a source of reference for other researchers/readers and inspire further interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian H, Xing J, Tang X, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Interactions of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-2 receptors mediate the activities of B lymphocytes in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:113-123. [PMID: 36539171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that plays significant role in the activation and proliferation of immune cells. In teleost, the functions of IL-2 signaling on the proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes were well documented. However, there is still unclear about the effects of IL-2 signaling on B cell immunity in fish. Hence, in this study, full-length transcriptome sequencing was performed to investigate the activation of IL-2 on flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) lymphocytes in vitro, the effects of IL-2 on the immunity of B cells after its receptors (IL-2Rβ or IL-2Rγ) blocked were further investigated. The results shown that the differentially expressed genes in lymphocytes after IL-2 stimulation were annotated to the pathways related to the immune response of B cells. The percentages of mIgM+ B cells were increased, and the capacities of antibody secretion and phagocytosis of B cells were enhanced after IL-2 stimulation. However, the function of IL-2 on B lymphocytes immunity was significantly inhibited after IL-2 receptors were blocked, especially after IL-2Rβ was blocked. Collectively, we can conclude that IL-2 is able to promote the proliferation of B lymphocytes, antibody secretion, and enhance their phagocytosis in flounder, and these effects are mediated through IL-2/IL-2R signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Tian
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mu P, Teng Y, Wu H, Li X, Huo J, Ao J, Chen X. Large yellow croaker (Lrimichthys crocea) IL-2 modulates humoral immunity via the conserved JAK-STAT5 signal pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 133:108519. [PMID: 36608811 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The terminal differentiation of B cells into plasma cells is central to the generation of protective, long-lived humoral immune responses. In mammals, interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been shown to play a role in B cell proliferation and differentiation. However, it remains unclear whether fish IL-2 is involved in B cell proliferation and differentiation. To this end, we investigated the regulatory role of IL-2 in B cell proliferation and differentiation in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). We found that L. crocea IL-2 (LcIL-2) significantly increased IgM+ B cells proliferation both in vivo and in vitro and facilitated IgM+ B cells differentiation into plasma cells. Furthermore, LcIL-2 increased the production of specific antibodies after immunization with the Vibrio alginolyticus subunit vaccine, recombinant dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (rDLD); simultaneous administration of LcIL-2 and rDLD prior to challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or V. alginolyticus significantly increased relative percent survival. Mechanistically, LcIL-2 promoted B cell proliferation and regulated B cell differentiation by triggering the JAK-STAT5 signaling pathway. Collectively, our results demonstrated that LcIL-2 improved B cell proliferation and specific antibody production via the conserved JAK-STAT5 signaling pathway in large yellow croaker, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the IL-2-mediated regulation of the humoral immune response in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hanyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jieying Huo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lv M, Wang F, Yao Y, Liu X, Wang X. In vitro assessment of the capacity of grass carp Il-2 dimeric receptors to mediate Stat5 phosphorylation. Gene 2022; 823:146321. [PMID: 35218892 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Lv
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghua Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Yao
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mu P, Huo J, Li X, Li W, Li X, Ao J, Chen X. IL-2 Signaling Couples the MAPK and mTORC1 Axes to Promote T Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Teleosts. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1616-1631. [PMID: 35321881 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that is critical for T cell immunity. Although the IL-2-mediated regulation of T cell immunity in mammals is relatively well understood, it remains largely unknown whether and how IL-2 regulates T cell immunity in lower vertebrates. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the role played by IL-2 in the regulation of T cell response, as well as the associated underlying mechanisms in a teleost fish, large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). We found that large yellow croaker (L. crocea) IL-2 (LcIL-2) significantly promoted T cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro; significantly induced the differentiation of Th1, Th2, regulatory T, and cytotoxic T cells while inhibiting Th17 differentiation; and participated in the elimination of invading pathogenic bacteria. Mechanistically, the binding of LcIL-2 to its heterotrimer receptor complex (LcIL-15Rα/LcIL-2Rβ/Lcγc) triggered the conserved JAK-STAT5 pathway, which in turn regulated the expression of genes involved in T cell expansion, differentiation, and biological function. The MAPK and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) axes, which are involved in TCR-mediated signaling, were also required for LcIL-2-mediated T cell response. Collectively, our results demonstrated that fish IL-2 plays a comprehensive regulatory role in T cell response and highlighted the complex and delicate network regulating T cell-driven immune response. We propose that T cell immunity is regulated by the interplay between TCR signaling and cytokine signaling, and that this basic strategy evolved before the emergence of the tetrapod lineage. Our findings provide valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying T cell response in teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China; and
| | - Jieying Huo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China; and
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanru Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China; and
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China;
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China; and
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yuan X, Rong Y, Chen Y, Ren C, Meng Y, Mu Y, Chen X. Molecular characterization, expression analysis and cellular location of IL-4/13 receptors in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:45-55. [PMID: 34774733 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are closely related class I cytokines that play key roles in the T helper (Th)-2 immune response via heterodimeric receptors. IL-4 signals via both the type I (IL-4Rα/γc) and type II (IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1) receptor complexes, while IL-13 signals only via the type II receptor complex. IL-13Rα2 is traditionally considered a "decoy" receptor for IL-13. However, the IL-4/13 system and its response to pathogenic infection are still not fully understood in fish. In this study, we identified four IL-4/13 receptor subunit genes in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea): LcIL-4Rα1, LcIL-4Rα2, LcIL-13Rα1, and LcIL-13Rα2. Sequence analysis showed that these receptors possessed typical characteristic domains, including a signal peptide, two fibronectin type III (FN III)-like domains, and a transmembrane domain, but their cytoplasmic regions were not well conserved. The mRNA and protein of the four IL-4/13 receptors were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues of large yellow croaker. Their mRNAs were also detected in primary head kidney macrophages (PKMs), primary head kidney granulocytes (PKGs), and primary head kidney lymphocytes (PKLs). Immunofluorescence assay further showed that LcIL-4Rα and LcIL-13Rα1 were expressed on the membrane of IgM + B cells. After stimulation by Vibrio alginolyticus and poly (I:C) (a viral dsRNA mimic), the mRNA levels of LcIL-4/13 receptors were significantly upregulated in the head kidney and spleen. Their mRNA levels were also upregulated in head kidney leukocytes in response to poly (I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Moreover, both recombinant LcIL-4/13A and LcIL-4/13B upregulated LcIL-4Rα1 and LcIL-4Rα2 in primary leukocytes, but only recombinant LcIL-4/13A upregulated LcIL-13Rα1 and LcIL-13Rα2. These results indicated that LcIL-4/13 receptors, containing conserved functional domains, may be involved in the IL-4/13-mediated immune response to pathogenic infections in the large yellow croaker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yi Rong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - You Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chaoqun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yufan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yinnan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mu P, Huo J, Sun M, Chen X, Ao J. Identification and expression analysis of IL-2 receptors in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
12
|
Fu Q, Wei Z, Chen Y, Xie J, Zhang X, He T, Chen X. Development of monoclonal antibody against IgT of a perciform fish, large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and characterization of IgT + B cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:104027. [PMID: 33516899 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Teleost immunoglobulin T (IgT) is considered to be a primitive immunoglobulin class specialized in mucosal immunity. In the present study, a recombinant protein containing the CH2 region of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) IgT heavy chain was expressed, purified, and used as an immunogen to produce a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against large yellow croaker IgT. Western blotting results indicated that the obtained mouse anti-IgT mAb could specifically recognize a 45 kDa protein in the skin mucus of large yellow croaker, which was identified as the IgT heavy chain by mass spectrometric analysis. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) analysis further demonstrated that this mouse anti-IgT mAb could recognize membrane-bound IgT (mIgT) molecules on large yellow croaker IgT+ leukocytes. This mAb also could be used for sorting of large yellow croaker IgT+ B cells by flow cytometry sorting technology. Then, flow cytometric immunofluorescence analysis (FCIA) results showed that the percentages of IgT+ B cells in skin, gills, gut, spleen, head kidney and peripheral blood lymphocytes were 27.553% ± 3.312%, 12.588% ± 3.538%, 12.355% ± 3.352%, 13.075 ± 2.258%, 5.552 ± 3.275%, and 2.600 ± 0.521%, respectively, indicating that mucosal tissues (skin, gills, and gut) contained a high ratio of IgT+ B cells. Accordingly, the high protein levels of IgT were also detected in these mucosal tissues, suggesting that IgT may play a role in mucosal immunity in large yellow croaker. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the mouse anti-IgT mAb developed in this study could be used for characterizing IgT+ B cells and studying the functions of IgT in large yellow croaker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Zuyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingguang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianliang He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effective CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
14
|
Chun JH, Jung JW, Kim YR, Lazarte JMS, Kim SW, Kim J, Thompson KD, Kim HJ, Jung TS. Poly (I:C)-Potentiated Vaccination Enhances T Cell Response in Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) Providing Protection against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV). Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:482. [PMID: 34068522 PMCID: PMC8151365 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), caused by viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), is a viral disease affecting teleosts, and is the major cause of virus-related deaths in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Research has focused on ways to control VHS, and recently, the use of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid poly (I:C)-potentiated vaccination has been investigated, whereby fish are injected with poly (I:C) and then with live pathogenic virus, resulting in a significant decrease in VHSV-related mortality. T cell responses were investigated in the present study after vaccinating olive flounder with poly (I:C)-potentiated vaccination to understand the ability of poly (I:C) to induce T cell immunity. Stimulation of T cell responses with the poly (I:C)-potentiated vaccination was confirmed by examining levels of CD3+ T cells, CD4-1+ T cells and CD4-2+ T cells. Higher levels of CD4-2+ T cells were found in vaccinated fish than CD4-1+ T cells, believed to result from a synergistic effect between poly (I:C) administration and pathogenic VHSV immunization. More importantly, the role of CD4-2+ T cells in the antiviral response was clearly evident. The results of this study suggest that the outstanding protection obtained with the poly (I:C)-potentiated vaccination is due to the robust immune response initiated by the CD4-2+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong Chun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jae Wook Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Young Rim Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jassy Mary S. Lazarte
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Si Won Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaesung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK;
| | - Hyoung Jun Kim
- Pathology Research Division, OIE Reference Laboratory for Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS), National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216, Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Busan 46083, Korea;
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.W.J.); (Y.R.K.); (J.M.S.L.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen X, Guan Y, Li K, Luo T, Mu Y, Chen X. IRF1 and IRF2 act as positive regulators in antiviral response of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) by induction of distinct subgroups of type I IFNs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:103996. [PMID: 33444646 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are crucial transcription factors involved in transcriptional regulation of type I interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) against viral infection. In teleost fish, eleven IRFs have been found, however, understanding of their roles in the antiviral response remains limited. In the previous study, IRF1 (LcIRF1) and IRF2 (LcIRF2) genes were cloned from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Here, we further characterized their function in the antiviral response. LcIRF1 and LcIRF2 were constitutively expressed in primary head kidney monocytes/macrophages (PKMs), lymphocytes (PKLs), granulocytes (PKGs) and large yellow croaker head kidney (LYCK) cell line, and significantly upregulated in PKMs and LYCK cells after stimulation with poly (I:C). LcIRF1 could induce promoter activities of three large yellow croaker type I IFNs, IFNc, IFNd and IFNh, while LcIRF2 could only induce those of IFNd and IFNh, and inhibit IFNc promoter activity. Correspondingly, overexpression of LcIRF1 in LYCK cells increased expression of all three IFNs (IFNc, IFNd and IFNh), while that of LcIRF2 only upregulated the expression levels of IFNd and IFNh, and inhibited expression of IFNc, although both LcIRF1and LcIRF2 induced expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), MxA, PKR and Viperin. Additionally, both LcIRF1 and LcIRF2 inhibited the Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV) replication in epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells, thus showing antiviral activity. Taken together, these results indicated that both LcIRF1 and LcIRF2 play positive roles in regulating the antiviral response of large yellow croaker by induction of distinct subgroups of type I IFNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yanyun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yinnan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang W, Zhu C, Xiao F, Liu X, Xie A, Chen F, Dong P, Lin P, Zheng C, Zhang H, Gong H, Wu Y. pH-Controlled Release of Antigens Using Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Delivery System for Developing a Fish Oral Vaccine. Front Immunol 2021; 12:644396. [PMID: 33953716 PMCID: PMC8089398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.644396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective vaccines and delivery systems in aquaculture is a long-term challenge for controlling emerging and reemerging infections. Cost-efficient and advanced nanoparticle vaccines are of tremendous applicability in prevention of infectious diseases of fish. In this study, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) antigens of Vibrio alginolyticus were loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) to compose the vaccine delivery system. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) was coated to provide protection of immunogen. The morphology, loading capacity, acid-base triggered release were characterized and the toxicity of nanoparticle vaccine was determined in vitro. Further, the vaccine immune effects were evaluated in large yellow croaker via oral administration. In vitro studies confirmed that the antigen could be stable in enzymes-rich artificial gastric fluid and released under artificial intestinal fluid environment. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated the vaccines within 120 μg/ml have good biocompatibility for large yellow croaker kidney cells. Our data confirmed that the nanoparticle vaccine in vivo could elicit innate and adaptive immune response, and provide good protection against Vibrio alginolyticus challenge. The MSN delivery system prepared may be a potential candidate carrier for fish vaccine via oral administration feeding. Further, we provide theoretical basis for developing convenient, high-performance, and cost-efficient vaccine against infectious diseases in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zhang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fangnan Xiao
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Anhua Xie
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fangman Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Panpan Dong
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pingdong Lin
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Zheng
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunkun Wu
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang DX, Yang H, Cao YC, Jiang M, Zheng J, Peng B. Succinate Promotes Phagocytosis of Monocytes/Macrophages in Teleost Fish. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:644957. [PMID: 33937328 PMCID: PMC8082191 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.644957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of immunity-based strategy to manage bacterial infection is urgently needed in aquaculture due to the widespread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Phagocytosis serves as the first line defense in innate immunity that engulfs bacteria and restricts their proliferations and invasions. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of phagocytosis is not fully elucidated and the way to boost phagocytosis is not yet explored. In this manuscript, we profiled the metabolomes of monocytes/macrophages isolated from Nile tilapia, prior and after phagocytosis on Vibrio alginolyticus. Monocytes/macrophages showed a metabolic shift following phagocytosis. Interestingly, succinate was accumulated after phagocytosis and was identified as a crucial biomarker to distinguish before and after phagocytosis. Exogenous succinate increased the phagocytotic rate of monocytes/macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was dependent on the TCA cycle as the inhibitor of malonate that targets succinate dehydrogenase abrogated the effect. Meanwhile, exogenous succinate regulated the expression of genes associated with innate immune and phagocytosis. In addition, succinate-potentiated phagocytosis was applicable to both gram-negative and -positive cells, including V. alginolyticus, Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus iniae. Our study shed light on the understanding of how modulation on host's metabolism regulates immune response, and this can be a potent therapeutic approach to control bacterial infections in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Xiao Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yun-Chao Cao
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang QJ, Luan JC, Song LB, Cong R, Ji CJ, Zhou X, Xia JD, Song NH. Age-Related Differences in Molecular Profiles for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657575. [PMID: 33936087 PMCID: PMC8082107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have significantly improved the prognosis and shown considerable promise for cancer therapy; however, differences in ICB treatment efficacy between the elderly and young are unknown. We analyzed the studies enrolled in the meta-analysis using the deft approach, and found no difference in efficacy except melanoma patients receiving anti–PD-1 therapy. Similarly, higher treatment response rate and more favorable prognosis were observed in elderly patients in some cancer types (e.g., melanoma) with data from published ICB treatment clinical trials. In addition, we comprehensively compared immunotherapy-related molecular profiles between elderly and young patients from public trials and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and validated these findings in several independent datasets. We discovered a divergent age-biased immune profiling, including the properties of tumors (e.g., tumor mutation load) and immune features (e.g., immune cells), in a pancancer setting across 27 cancer types. We believe that ICB treatment efficacy might vary depending on specific cancer types and be determined by both the tumor internal features and external immune microenvironment. Considering the high mutational properties in elderly patients in many cancer types, modulating immune function could be beneficial to immunotherapy in the elderly, which requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao-Chen Luan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le-Bin Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Cong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Ji
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Dong Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning-Hong Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Kezhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou X, Xing J, Tang X, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Interacts With IL-2 Receptor Beta (IL-2Rβ): Its Potential to Enhance the Proliferation of CD4+ T Lymphocytes in Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Front Immunol 2020; 11:531785. [PMID: 33013923 PMCID: PMC7509493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.531785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an important immunomodulatory cytokine that primarily promotes the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of CD4+ T helper subsets and CD4+ T regulatory cells. In our previous studies, IL-2 and IL-2 receptor beta (IL-2Rβ) genes of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were cloned, and IL-2Rβ molecules expressed on both B and T lymphocytes were identified. In the present study, the interaction of flounder IL-2 (fIL-2) with the IL-2 receptor beta (fIL-2Rβ) was investigated. The proportion of CD4+ T lymphocytes and IL-2Rβ+ cells were detected both in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, the binding of recombinant flounder IL-2 protein (rfIL-2) and rfIL-2Rβ was verified by pull-down assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that rfIL-2 enhanced the proliferation of CD4+ and IL-2Rβ+ cells in the gill and spleen. Furthermore, CD4-1+, CD4-2+ T lymphocytes and IL-2Rβ+ cells were significantly upregulated in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) with addition of rfIL-2, as shown by Flow cytometry. The related genes were examined by Q-PCR in cultured PBLs with added rfIL-2. The results showed that the IL-2-IL-2R interaction induced upregulated expression of T lymphocyte surface makers, Th1-related cytokines or transcription factors, and critical genes of the IL-2 signaling pathway. In addition, these IL-2-elicited biological functions and immune responses were downregulated by blocked with anti-rfIL-2Rβ and anti-rfIL-2 Abs, showing that IL-2Rβ plays an indispensable role in IL-2 elicited biological function. Our results demonstrated that the interaction between IL-2 and IL-2Rβ showed its potential to enhance the proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes in flounder. As found in mammals, a Th1-mediated mechanism regulated by this interaction exists in teleost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhou
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Q, Chen Y, Xu L, Yang Y, Wen Q, Gu L, Ao J, Chen X. Identification and bioactivity of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor a homologue from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:167-175. [PMID: 31917321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) is a growth factor that drives the proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages. Currently, two copies of GCSF, named GCSFa and GCSFb, have been identified in teleost fish, but data on the functions and signal pathways of these fish GCSFs are still limited. In the present study, a GCSFa homologue (LcGCSFa) was identified from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The open reading frame (ORF) of LcGCSFa is 636 bp long and encodes a protein of 211 amino acids (aa), with a 19-aa signal peptide and a typical IL-6 domain, conserved in fish GCSF sequences. The phylogenetic analysis showed that LcGCSFa clustered with other fish GCSFa homologues. LcGCSFa was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested and significantly up-regulated in head kidney and spleen by Vibrio alginolyticus or poly(I:C). LcGCSFa transcripts were also detected in primary head kidney leucocytes (PKL), primary head kidney macrophages (PKM), and primary head kidney granulocytes (PKG), and significantly up-regulated in PKL and PKG by LPS or poly(I:C). These data indicated that LcGCSFa may be involved in the immune responses induced by bacterium and virus. The recombinant LcGCSFa protein (rLcGCSFa) produced in Pichia pastoris promoted the proliferation of PKL both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, rLcGCSFa significantly increased both transcription and phosphorylation levels of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins (LcSTAT3 and LcSTAT5) in PKL, which are required for the GCSF-dependent proliferation. These results showed that LcGCSFa may promote the proliferation of PKL via the activation of LcSTAT3 and LcSTAT5, suggesting a conserved role across vertebrate GCSFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Libing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Li Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lv M, Wang X, Qiu X, Zeng T, Feng S, Yin L, Zhou H, Zhang A, Yang K. Functional characterization of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) interleukin-2 in head kidney leukocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:500-508. [PMID: 31883471 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-2 belongs to the four-helix bundle cytokine family and plays key roles in growth, survival, activation-induced cell death and differentiation of the immune cells. In cyprinid fish, only common carp interleukin-2 (il2) has been cloned because of relatively low sequence homology between carp Il-2 and its homologs in other fish species. In the present study, the coding sequence of grass carp Il-2 (gcIl-2) was cloned and its identity was verified via bioinformatic analysis. Tissue distribution study showed that grass carp il2 (gcil2) mRNA was expressed in thymus, head kidney and gill with relatively high levels. Recombinant gcIl-2 (rgcIl-2) protein was subsequently prepared by using a prokaryotic expression system followed by a refolding method. The purified rgcIl-2 displayed an ability to stimulate the cell proliferation along with an increased mRNA expression of cd4l but not cd8a, igm or mcsfr in grass carp head kidney leukocytes (HKLs), suggesting the possible involvement of gcIl-2 in T helper (Th) cell proliferation. In the same cell model, rgcIl-2 significantly enhanced mRNA expression of some cytotoxic molecules including perforin-like protein 2, granzyme B-like and Fas ligand, indicating the modulation of cytotoxic cells by gcIl-2 in grass carp HKLs. Besides, gene expression of regulatory T (Treg) cell- and Th1/2 cell-related cytokines or transcription factors was detected in grass carp HKLs treated by rgcIl-2. Results showed that rgcIL2 treatment increased the mRNA expression of foxp3, cd25l, ifng2, il12p35, tbet, tnfa, il2, il4/13a, il4/13b and gata3l in HKLs, implying the regulatory roles of Il-2 in the expression of these immune genes and its possible involvement in differentiation of Treg and Th1/2 cells. These observations together with the related studies in other fishes suggest the existence of cytotoxic cells, Treg and Th1/2 subpopulations in fish species and the functional roles of Il-2 in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Lv
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingyang Qiu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Yin
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yamaguchi T, Takizawa F, Furihata M, Soto-Lampe V, Dijkstra JM, Fischer U. Teleost cytotoxic T cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:422-439. [PMID: 31669897 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity is one of the major mechanisms by which vertebrates control intracellular pathogens. Two cell types are the main players in this immune response, natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). While NK cells recognize altered target cells in a relatively unspecific manner CTLs use their T cell receptor to identify pathogen-specific peptides that are presented by major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecules on the surface of infected cells. However, several other signals are needed to regulate cell-mediated cytotoxicity involving a complex network of cytokine- and ligand-receptor interactions. Since the first description of MHC class I molecules in teleosts during the early 90s of the last century a remarkable amount of information on teleost immune responses has been published. The corresponding studies describe teleost cells and molecules that are involved in CTL responses of higher vertebrates. These studies are backed by functional investigations on the killing activity of CTLs in a few teleost species. The present knowledge on teleost CTLs still leaves considerable room for further investigations on the mechanisms by which CTLs act. Nevertheless the information on teleost CTLs and their regulation might already be useful for the control of fish diseases by designing efficient vaccines against such diseases where CTL responses are known to be decisive for the elimination of the corresponding pathogen. This review summarizes the present knowledge on CTL regulation and functions in teleosts. In a special chapter, the role of CTLs in vaccination is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamaguchi
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Furihata
- Nagano Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, 2871 Akashina-nakagawate, Azumino-shi, Nagano-ken, 399-7102, Japan
| | - Veronica Soto-Lampe
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Johannes M Dijkstra
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Buonocore F, Gerdol M, Pallavicini A, Stocchi V, Randelli E, Belardinelli MC, Miccoli A, Saraceni PR, Secombes CJ, Scapigliati G, Wang T. Identification, molecular characterization and functional analysis of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-2like (IL-2L) cytokines in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Cytokine 2019; 126:154898. [PMID: 31706201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, interleukin (IL)-2, initially known as a T-cell grow factor, is an immunomodulatory cytokine involved in the proliferation of T cells upon antigen activation. In bony fish, some IL-2 orthologs have been identified, but, recently, an additional IL-2like (IL-2L) gene has been found. In this paper, we report the presence of these two divergent IL-2 isoforms in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Genomic analyses revealed that they originated from a gene duplication event, as happened in most percomorphs. These two IL-2 paralogs show differences in the amino acid sequence and in the exon 4 size, and these features could be an indication that they bind preferentially to different specific IL-2 receptors. Sea bass IL-2 paralogs are highly expressed in gut and spleen, which are tissues and organs involved in fish T cell immune functions, and the two cytokines could be up-regulated by both PHA stimulation and vaccination with a bacterial vaccine, with IL-2L being more inducible. To investigate the functional activities of sea bass IL-2 and IL-2L we produced the corresponding recombinant molecules in E. coli and used them to in vitro stimulate HK and spleen leukocytes. IL-2L is able to up-regulate the expression of markers related to different T cell subsets (Th1, Th2 and Th17) and to Treg cells in HK, whereas it has little effect in spleen. IL-2 is not active on these markers in HK, but shows an effect on Th1 markers in spleen. Finally, the stimulation with recombinant IL-2 and IL-2L is also able to induce in vitro proliferation of HK- and spleen-derived leukocytes. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that sea bass possess two IL-2 paralogs that likely have an important role in regulating T cell development in this species and that show distinct bioactivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100 Viterbo, VT, Italy.
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Valentina Stocchi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Elisa Randelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Belardinelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Andrea Miccoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Paolo Roberto Saraceni
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tang X, Guo M, Du Y, Xing J, Sheng X, Zhan W. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): Molecular cloning, characterization and bioactivity analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:55-65. [PMID: 31319204 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is mainly produced by CD4+ T helper lymphocytes, which is an important immunomodulatory cytokine that primarily promotes activation, proliferation and differentiation of T cells. In the present study, flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) interleukin 2 homologue (poIL-2) was identified for the first time, and its expression patterns were characterized in healthy, virus- or bacteria-infected flounder. The full-length cDNA sequences of poIL-2 was 989 bp with an open reading frame of 423 bp coding a polypeptide of 140 amino acids (aa). The deduced aa sequences shared low similarities (<53%) with other known fish IL-2s. Multiple alignment of aa sequences revealed that poIL-2 own the classical IL-2 family signature of "C-X(3)-EL-X(2)-(T/V)-(V/M/L)-(K/T/R)-X-EC" and "DS-X-(F/L)Y(A/T/S)P". In healthy flounder, IL-2 mRNA was highly expressed in PBLs, spleen and hindgut, and moderately expressed in gill, trunk kidney and stomach. PHA, LPS and Con-A could effectively induce poIL-2 expression in primary cultured peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro. poIL-2 transcripts were significantly up-regulated in spleen, kidney, gill and hindgut post infections with Edwardsiella tarda and Hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV). The eukaryotic expression vector encoding poIL-2 (pcIL-2) was constructed and intramuscularly injected, which could be successfully expressed in flounders and induced significantly higher expressions of six immune related genes including poIL-2, β-defensin, CD4-1, CD8α, IFN-γ and TNF-α compared with the injection with control plasmid. Moreover, pretreatment with pcIL-2 could markedly increase the survival rate of flounder challenged with HIRRV. Our results demonstrated that poIL-2 plays an important role in the induction of immune responses and immune defense against bacterial and virus infection, which indicated its potential use as an immunopotentiator to prevent diseases in flounder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yang Du
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang Y, Yuan X, Mu P, Li Q, Ao J, Chen X. Development of monoclonal antibody against IgM of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and characterization of IgM + B cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:216-222. [PMID: 31121288 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against large yellow croaker IgM was produced by immunizing mice with purified large yellow croaker serum IgM. Western blotting showed that this mAb could specifically react with the heavy chain of large yellow croaker serum IgM. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) analysis suggested that the resulting mouse anti-IgM mAb could recognize membrane-bound IgM (mIgM) molecules of large yellow croaker. This mouse anti-IgM mAb also can be used for sorting of large yellow croaker IgM+ B cells through the magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) method, which was further confirmed by RT-PCR analysis of specific marker genes for B cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentages of IgM+ B cells in head kidney, spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes were 29.00 ± 1.58%, 33.00 ± 1.64%, and 16.50 ± 2.39%, respectively. Additionally, the phagocytosis rates of IgM+ B cells for 0.5 μm beads in head kidney, spleen and peripheral blood were calculated to be 7.56 ± 0.58%, 4.053 ± 0.62% and 23.17 ± 2.26%, respectively, while only 2.36 ± 0.23%, 1.16 ± 0.44% and 6.41 ± 0.45 of IgM+ B cells in these three tissues ingested 1 μm beads. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the mouse anti-IgM mAb produced in this study could be used as a tool to characterize IgM+ B cells and to study functions of IgM in large yellow croaker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Pengfei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li Q, Xu L, Ao J, Ai C, Chen X. Identification and bioactivity of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor b homologue from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:20-29. [PMID: 31009809 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a key role in regulation of hematopoiesis, innate and adaptive immune responses in mammals. However, bioactivity of GCSF in teleost fish remains largely unknown. In this study, a GCSFb homologue from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) (LcGCSFb) was cloned by RACE-PCR techniques. The open reading frame (ORF) of LcGCSFb is 603 bp long and encoded a protein precursor of 200 amino acids (aa), with a 19-aa signal peptide and a 181-aa mature peptide. In healthy fish, the LcGCSFb was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest levels in mucous tissues, such as gills, intestine, and stomach. Its transcripts in head kidney, spleen, gills, intestine and stomach were significantly induced by Vibrio alginolyticus challenge. LcGCSFb transcripts were also detected in primary head kidney leukocytes (PKL), primary head kidney macrophages (PKM), primary head kidney granulocytes (PKG) and head kidney cell line (LYCK), and markedly upregulated by inactivated V. alginolyticus. These data suggested that LcGCSFb may play a role in immune response against bacterial infection. In vivo administration of recombinant LcGCSFb protein (rLcGCSFb) significantly upregulated the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα), and transcription factor C/EBPβ, which is required for proliferation of neutrophils. Furthermore, rLcGCSFb showed an ability to strengthen the phagocytosis of PKL in vitro. Taken together, LcGCSFb may be involved in antibacterial immunity via promoting the inflammatory response and the phagocytic activity of leukocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first report on immunoregulatory roles of GCSF in teleost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Li
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Libing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chunxiang Ai
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|