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Liu Z, Wang W, Zong Y, Li M, Gao Y, Xin X, Zhu T, Wang L, Song L. Norepinephrine regulates TNF expression via the A1AR-p38 MAPK-Relish pathway in granulocytes of oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 159:105217. [PMID: 38901503 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is involved in regulating cytokine expression and phagocytosis of immune cells in the innate immunity of vertebrates. In the present study, the modulation mechanism of NE on the biosynthesis of TNFs in oyster granulocytes was explored. The transcripts of CgTNF-1, CgTNF-2 and CgTNF-3 were highly expressed in granulocytes, and they were significantly up-regulated after LPS stimulation, while down-regulated after NE treatment. The phagocytic rate and apoptosis index of oyster granulocytes were also triggered by LPS stimulation and suppressed by NE treatment. The mRNA expressions of CgMAPK14 and CgRelish were significantly induced after NE treatment, and the translocation of CgRelish from cytoplasm to nucleus was observed. The concentration of intracellular Ca2+ in granulocytes was significantly up-regulated upon NE incubation, and this trend reverted after the treatment with DOX (specific antagonist for NE receptor, CgA1AR-1). No obvious significance was observed in intracellular cAMP concentrations in the PBS, NE and NE + DOX groups. Once CgA1AR-1 was blocked by DOX, the mRNA expressions of CgMAPK14 and CgRelish were significantly inhibited, and the translocation of CgRelish from cytoplasm to nucleus was also dramatically suppressed, while the mRNA expression of CgTNF-1 and the apoptosis index increased significantly to the same level with those in LPS group, respectively. These results collectively suggested that NE modulated TNF expression in oyster granulocyte through A1AR-p38 MAPK-Relish signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanan Zong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Meijia Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Zhang W, Tang Y, Han Y, Tian D, Yu Y, Yu Y, Li W, Shi W, Liu G. Pentachlorophenol impairs the antimicrobic capability of blood clam via undermining humoral immunity and disrupting humoral-cellular crosstalk. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143230. [PMID: 39222693 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Due to past massive usage and persistent nature, pentachlorophenol (PCP) residues are prevalent in environments, posing a potential threat to various organisms such as sessile filter-feeding bivalves. Although humoral immunity and its crosstalk with cellular one are crucial for the maintaining of robust antimicrobic capability, little is known about the impacts of PCP on these critical processes in bivalve mollusks. In this study, pathogenic bacterial challenge and plasma antimicrobic capability assays were carried out to assess the toxic effects of PCP on the immunity of a common bivalve species, blood clam (Tegillarca granosa). Moreover, the impacts of PCP-exposure on the capabilities of pathogen recognition, hemocyte recruitment, and pathogen degradation were analyzed as well. Furthermore, the activation status of downstream immune-related signalling pathways upon PCP exposure was also assessed. Data obtained illustrated that 28-day treatment with environmentally realistic levels of PCP resulted in evident declines in the survival rates of blood clam upon Vibrio challenge along with markedly weakened plasma antimicrobic capability. Additionally, the levels of lectin and peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs) in plasma as well as the expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in hemocytes were found to be significantly inhibited by PCP-exposure. Moreover, along with the downregulation of immune-related signalling pathway, markedly fewer chemokines (interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)) in plasma and significantly suppressed chemotactic activity of hemocytes were also observed in PCP-exposed blood clams. Furthermore, compared to that of the control, blood clams treated with PCP had markedly lower levels of antimicrobic active substances, lysozyme (LZM) and antimicrobial peptides (AMP), in their plasma. In general, the results of this study suggest that PCP exposure could significantly impair the antimicrobic capability of blood clam via undermining humoral immunity and disrupting humoral-cellular crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Life and Environmental, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Dandan Tian
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yihan Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Khalifa HA, Sharawy E, Younis EM, Abdelwarith AA, Ibrahim RE, Amer SA, Davies SJ, Abo-Elmaaty AMA. The therapeutic role of Azadirachta indica leaves ethanolic extract against detrimental effects of Aeromonas veronii infection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1445-1460. [PMID: 38795269 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens cause high fish mortalities and in turn economic losses in fish farms. Innovative strategies should be applied to control bacterial infections instead of antibiotics to avoid the resistance problem. Consequently, the present investigation studied the curative potential of Azadirachta indica leave ethanolic extract (AILEE) on Aeromonas veronii infection in Oreochromis niloticus. A preliminary trial was assessed to evaluate the curative dose of AILEE which was found to be 2.5 mg/L. One hundred and sixty fish were divided into equal four groups in four replications, where group 1 and group 2 were non-challenged and treated with 0- and 2.5-mg/L AILEE, respectively. Group 3 and group 4 were challenged with A. veronii and treated with 0- and 2.5-mg/L AILEE, respectively for 10 days. A. veronii infection produced severe clinical manifestations and a high mortality rate in the infected fish. Furthermore, the infected fish exhibited a significant rise in the hepatorenal indices (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine), the oxidant biomarker (malondialdehyde), and the stress indicators (glucose and cortisol). A significant reduction in the protein profile and antioxidant/immune parameters (catalase, immunoglobulin M, lysozyme, nitric oxide, and phagocytic activity) was observed in the infected fish. Water application of the infected group to 2.5-mg/L AILEE notably ameliorated the hepatorenal indices, the oxidant biomarker, and the stress indicators. Furthermore, AILEE improved the antioxidant/immune indices. Water application of 2.5-mg/L AILEE could be useful against A. veronii infection in O. niloticus culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Esraa Sharawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowida E Ibrahim
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa A Amer
- Departments of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Simon J Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, College of Science and Engineering, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, H91V8Y1, Ireland
| | - Azza M A Abo-Elmaaty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Zhang W, Teng M, Yan J. Combined effect and mechanism of microplastic with different particle sizes and levofloxacin on developing Rana nigromaculata: Insights from thyroid axis regulation and immune system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121833. [PMID: 39003906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) usually appear in the aquatic environment as complex pollutants with other environmental pollutants, such as levofloxacin (LVFX). After 45-day exposure to LVFX and MPs with different particle sizes at environmental levels, we measured the weight, snout-to-vent length (SVL), and development stages of Rana nigromaculata. Furthermore, we analyzed proteins and genes related to immune system and thyroid axis regulation, intestinal histological, and bioaccumulation of LVFX and MPs in the intestine and brain to further explore the toxic mechanism of co-exposure. We found MPs exacerbated the effect of LVFX on growth and development, and the order of inhibitory effects is as follows: LVFX-MP3>LVFX-MP1>LVFX-MP2. 0.1 and 1 μm MP could penetrate the blood-brain barrier, interact with LVFX in the brain, and affect growth and development by regulating thyroid axis. Besides, LVFX with MPs caused severer interference on thyroid axis compared with LVFX alone. However, 10 μm MP was prone to accumulating in the intestine, causing severe histopathological changes, interfering with the intestinal immune system and influencing growth and development through immune enzyme activity. Thus, we concluded that MPs could regulate the thyroid axis by interfering with the intestinal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jin Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
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Tang C, Qiao X, Jin Y, Yang W, Yu Z, Wang L, Song L. An LPS-induced TNF-α factor involved in immune response of oyster Crassostrea gigas by regulating haemocytes apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109513. [PMID: 38521141 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
LPS induced TNF-α Factor (LITAF) is a transcription factor widely involving in activation of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and other cytokines in the inflammatory response. In the present study, a homologue of LITAF with a conserved LITAF domain was identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The transcripts of CgLITAF were detected in all examined tissues with highest expression in hepatopancrease. The immunofluorescence assay and Western blot showed that LPS stimulation induced an obvious nucleus translocation of CgLITAF protein in haemocytes. While the mRNA level of CgLITAF changed slightly after LPS stimulation. When the siRNA of CgLITAF was injected to inhibit its expression, the apoptotic level of haemocytes decreased observably after LPS stimulation. Consistently, the transcripts of CgTNF3 and CgTNF4 (LOC105343080, LOC105341146), the apoptotic-related molecules including CgBax, CgCytochrome c, CgCaspase9 and CgCaspase3, were significantly suppressed in the CgLITAF-RNAi oysters. While the mRNA expression level of CgBcl was enhanced significantly in the CgLITAF-RNAi oysters. These results indicated that CgLITAF promoted haemocyte apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptotic-related factors, suggesting its important role in the immune response of oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Tang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
| | - Yuhao Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Li H, Nie H, Li D, Wang B, Huo Z, Su Y, Yan X. Transcriptome analysis provides new insights into the immune response of Ruditapes philippinarum infected with Vibrio alginolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109468. [PMID: 38432537 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is a bivalve species with commercial value, but it is easily infected by pathogenic microorganisms in aquaculture, which restricts the shellfish industry. Notably, the impact of Vibrio alginolyticus on clam culture is obvious. In this study, RNA-seq was performed to analyze clam hepatopancreas tissue in 48 h (challenge group, G48h) and 96 h (challenge group, G96h) after infection with V. alginolyticus and 0 h after injection of PBS (control group, C). The results showed that a total of 1670 differentially expressed genes were detected in the G48h vs C group, and 1427 differentially expressed genes were detected in the G96h vs C group. In addition, KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways such as Lysosome and Mitophagy. Moreover, 15 immune related DEGs were selected for qRT-PCR analysis to verify the accuracy of RNA-seq, and the results showed that the expression level of DEGs was consistent with that of RNA-seq. Therefore, the results obtained in this study provides a preliminary understanding of the immune defense of R. philippinarum and molecular insights for genetic breeding of V. alginolyticus resistance in Manila clam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Hongtao Nie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China.
| | - Dongdong Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Dalian Jintuo Aquatic Food Co., Ltd, 116000 Dalian, China
| | - Zhongming Huo
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Yanming Su
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China.
| | - Xiwu Yan
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China
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Xu K, Ma C, Wu C, Wu D. The molecular modification, expression, and the antibacterial effects studies of human lysozyme. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:546-554. [PMID: 38409797 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Human lysozyme (hLYZ) has attracted considerable research attention due to its natural and efficient antibacterial abilities and widespread uses. In this study, hLYZ was modified to enhance its enzyme activity and expressed in a Pichia pastoris expression system. A combination mutant HZM(2R-K)-N88D/V110S demonstrated the highest enzyme activity (6213 ± 164 U/mL) in shake flasks, which was 4.07-fold higher when compared with the original strain. Moreover, the recombinant P. pastoris was inducted in a 3 L bioreactor plus methanol/sorbitol co-feeding. After 120 h induction, the antibacterial activity of hLYZ reached 2.23 ± 0.12 × 105 U/mL, with the specific activity increasing to 1.89 × 105 U/mg, which is currently the highest specific activity obtained through recombinant expression of hLYZ. Also, hLYZ supernatants showed 2-fold inhibitory effects toward Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus lysodeikticus when compared with HZM(2R-K). Our research generated a hLYZ mutant with high antibacterial capabilities and provided a method for screening of high-quality enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Xu
- SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanisms, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Production, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanyuan Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changyun Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Pennance T, Calvelo J, Tennessen JA, Burd R, Cayton J, Bollmann SR, Blouin MS, Spaan JM, Hoffmann FG, Ogara G, Rawago F, Andiego K, Mulonga B, Odhiambo M, Loker ES, Laidemitt MR, Lu L, Iriarte A, Odiere MR, Steinauer ML. The genome and transcriptome of the snail Biomphalaria sudanica s.l.: immune gene diversification and highly polymorphic genomic regions in an important African vector of Schistosoma mansoni. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:192. [PMID: 38373909 PMCID: PMC10875847 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control and elimination of schistosomiasis is an arduous task, with current strategies proving inadequate to break transmission. Exploration of genetic approaches to interrupt Schistosoma mansoni transmission, the causative agent for human intestinal schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa and South America, has led to genomic research of the snail vector hosts of the genus Biomphalaria. Few complete genomic resources exist, with African Biomphalaria species being particularly underrepresented despite this being where the majority of S. mansoni infections occur. Here we generate and annotate the first genome assembly of Biomphalaria sudanica sensu lato, a species responsible for S. mansoni transmission in lake and marsh habitats of the African Rift Valley. Supported by whole-genome diversity data among five inbred lines, we describe orthologs of immune-relevant gene regions in the South American vector B. glabrata and present a bioinformatic pipeline to identify candidate novel pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). RESULTS De novo genome and transcriptome assembly of inbred B. sudanica originating from the shoreline of Lake Victoria (Kisumu, Kenya) resulted in a haploid genome size of ~ 944.2 Mb (6,728 fragments, N50 = 1.067 Mb), comprising 23,598 genes (BUSCO = 93.6% complete). The B. sudanica genome contains orthologues to all described immune genes/regions tied to protection against S. mansoni in B. glabrata, including the polymorphic transmembrane clusters (PTC1 and PTC2), RADres, and other loci. The B. sudanica PTC2 candidate immune genomic region contained many PRR-like genes across a much wider genomic region than has been shown in B. glabrata, as well as a large inversion between species. High levels of intra-species nucleotide diversity were seen in PTC2, as well as in regions linked to PTC1 and RADres orthologues. Immune related and putative PRR gene families were significantly over-represented in the sub-set of B. sudanica genes determined as hyperdiverse, including high extracellular diversity in transmembrane genes, which could be under pathogen-mediated balancing selection. However, no overall expansion in immunity related genes was seen in African compared to South American lineages. CONCLUSIONS The B. sudanica genome and analyses presented here will facilitate future research in vector immune defense mechanisms against pathogens. This genomic/transcriptomic resource provides necessary data for the future development of molecular snail vector control/surveillance tools, facilitating schistosome transmission interruption mechanisms in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Pennance
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific - Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA.
| | - Javier Calvelo
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | | | - Ryan Burd
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific - Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
| | - Jared Cayton
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific - Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Johannie M Spaan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific - Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
| | - Federico G Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - George Ogara
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Rawago
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kennedy Andiego
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Boaz Mulonga
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Meredith Odhiambo
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Eric S Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Martina R Laidemitt
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lijun Lu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Maurice R Odiere
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Michelle L Steinauer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific - Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA.
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9
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Li M, Cheng J, Wang H, Shi J, Xun X, Wang Y, Lu W, Hu J, Bao Z, Hu X. Tissue-specific antioxidative response and metabolism of paralytic shellfish toxins in scallop (Chlamys farreri) mantle with Alexandrium dinoflagellate exposure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115854. [PMID: 38043209 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves show remarkable capacity to acclimate paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by dinoflagellates, severely affecting fishery industry and public health. Here, transcriptomic response to PSTs-producing dinoflagellate (Alexandrium minutum) was investigated in Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) mantle. The PSTs accumulated in C. farreri mantle continually increased during the 15 days exposure, with "oxidation-reduction" genes induced compared to the control group at the 1st and 15th day. Through gene co-expression network analysis, 16 PSTs-responsive modules were enriched with up- or down-regulated genes. The concentration of GTXs, major PSTs in A. minutum and accumulated in scallops, was correlated with the up-regulated magenta module, enriching peroxisome genes as the potential mantle-specific PSTs biomarker. Moreover, Hsp70B2s were inhibited throughout the exposure, which together with the expanded neurotransmitter transporter SLC6As, may play essential roles on neurotransmitter homeostasis in scallop mantle. These results paved the way for a comprehensive understanding of defensive mechanism and homeostatic response in scallop mantle against PSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moli Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China.
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiaoxia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaogang Xun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yangrui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
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10
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Pennance T, Calvelo J, Tennessen JA, Burd R, Cayton J, Bollmann SR, Blouin MS, Spaan JM, Hoffmann FG, Ogara G, Rawago F, Andiego K, Mulonga B, Odhiambo M, Loker ES, Laidemitt MR, Lu L, Iriarte A, Odiere M, Steinauer ML. The genome and transcriptome of the snail Biomphalaria sudanica s.l.: Immune gene diversification and highly polymorphic genomic regions in an important African vector of Schistosoma mansoni. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565203. [PMID: 37961413 PMCID: PMC10635097 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Control and elimination of schistosomiasis is an arduous task, with current strategies proving inadequate to break transmission. Exploration of genetic approaches to interrupt Schistosoma mansoni transmission, the causative agent for human intestinal schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa and South America, has led to genomic research of the snail vector hosts of the genus Biomphalaria. Few complete genomic resources exist, with African Biomphalaria species being particularly underrepresented despite this being where the majority of S. mansoni infections occur. Here we generate and annotate the first genome assembly of Biomphalaria sudanica sensu lato, a species responsible for S. mansoni transmission in lake and marsh habitats of the African Rift Valley. Supported by whole-genome diversity data among five inbred lines, we describe orthologs of immune-relevant gene regions in the South American vector B. glabrata and present a bioinformatic pipeline to identify candidate novel pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). Results De novo genome and transcriptome assembly of inbred B. sudanica originating from the shoreline of Lake Victoria (Kisumu, Kenya) resulted in a haploid genome size of ~944.2 Mb (6732 fragments, N50=1.067 Mb), comprising 23,598 genes (BUSCO=93.6% complete). The B. sudanica genome contains orthologues to all described immune genes/regions tied to protection against S. mansoni in B. glabrata. The B. sudanica PTC2 candidate immune genomic region contained many PRR-like genes across a much wider genomic region than has been shown in B. glabrata, as well as a large inversion between species. High levels of intra-species nucleotide diversity were seen in PTC2, as well as in regions linked to PTC1 and RADres orthologues. Immune related and putative PRR gene families were significantly over-represented in the sub-set of B. sudanica genes determined as hyperdiverse, including high extracellular diversity in transmembrane genes, which could be under pathogen-mediated balancing selection. However, no overall expansion in immunity related genes were seen in African compared to South American lineages. Conclusions The B. sudanica genome and analyses presented here will facilitate future research in vector immune defense mechanisms against pathogens. This genomic/transcriptomic resource provides necessary data for the future development of molecular snail vector control/surveillance tools, facilitating schistosome transmission interruption mechanisms in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Pennance
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific – Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon OR, USA
| | - Javier Calvelo
- Laboratorio Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | | | - Ryan Burd
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific – Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon OR, USA
| | - Jared Cayton
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific – Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon OR, USA
| | | | | | - Johannie M. Spaan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific – Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon OR, USA
| | - Federico G Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS USA
| | - George Ogara
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Rawago
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kennedy Andiego
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Boaz Mulonga
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Meredith Odhiambo
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Eric S. Loker
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, U.S.A
| | - Martina R. Laidemitt
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, U.S.A
| | - Lijun Lu
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, U.S.A
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Laboratorio Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Maurice Odiere
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS USA
| | - Michelle L. Steinauer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific – Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon OR, USA
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11
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Zhao J, Zhao B, Kong N, Li F, Liu J, Wang L, Song L. Increased abundances of potential pathogenic bacteria and expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the intestine of oyster Crassostrea gigas after high temperature stress. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:104630. [PMID: 36603795 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High temperature stress is a significant threat to the health of oysters, but the effects on their intestinal performances are not well understood. In this study, the effects of high temperature stress on the intestinal histology, immune response and associated microbiota were investigated in Crassostrea gigas after rearing at 20, 25 and 28 °C for 21 days. With the increase of temperature, shortened and shed microvilli as well as increased goblet cells were observed in the intestines of oysters. The transcripts of cytokines CgIL17-5, CgTNF-2 and CgTGF-β and apoptosis-related gene CgCaspase-3 in intestine increased with the increasing temperature. Further, the diversity and composition of the oyster intestinal microbiota changed after high temperature stress. The 16S rRNA gene copy number per ng of DNA in the T25 (5.16 × 105) and T28 (1.63 × 105) groups were higher than that in the control group (8.62 × 104). The Chao 1 index in the T25 (238.00) and T28 (240.17) groups was lower than that in the control group (279.00). The Shannon index decreased progressively with the increasing temperature, with the value in the T28 group (4.44) significantly lower than that in the control group (5.40) (p < 0.05). The abundances of potential pathogenic bacteria such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Endozoicomonas increased while that of probiotic bacteria Bacillus decreased after high temperature exposure. Functional prediction indicated that the pathways associated with bacterial proliferation were enriched at 25 °C, while those involved in protein synthesis were blocked at 28 °C. Collectively, these results suggested that high temperature stress led to an increased abundances of potential pathogenic bacteria and expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the intestine, which may consequently affect the functional integrity of the intestinal barrier in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Bao Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Fuzhe Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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12
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Liu J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Guo X, Lü Z, Zhou X, Liu H, Chi C. Molecular cloning, expression analysis and immune-related functional identification of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in Sepiella japonica under bacteria stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108509. [PMID: 36581254 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), a cytokine mainly secreted by active macrophages and monocytes, causes hemorrhagic necrosis of tumor tissues, kills tumor cells, regulates inflammatory responses, and plays a crucial role in innate immunity. In this study, TNFα of Sepiella japonica (named as SjTNFα) was acquired, whose full-length cDNA was 1206 bp (GenBank accession no. ON357428), containing a 5' UTR of 185 bp, a 3' UTR of 137 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1002bp to encode a putative peptide of 333 amino acids for constructing the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic TNF domain. Its predicted pI was 8.69 and the theoretical molecular weight was 44.72 KDa. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that SjTNFα had the highest homology to Octopus sinensis, they fell into a unified branch and further clustered with other animals. Real-time PCR indicated that SjTNFα was widely expressed in all subject tissues, including spleen, pancreas, gill, heart, brain, optic lobe, liver and intestine, and exhibited the highest in the liver and the lowest in the brain. The relative expression of SjTNFα varied at the developmental period of juvenile stage, pre-spawning and oviposition in the squid, with the highest in the liver at the juvenile stage and oviposition, and in the optic lobe of pre-spawning. After being infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila, the expression of SjTNFα in liver and gill were both upregulated with time, and the highest expression appeared at 24 h and 8 h in liver for different infection, and at 4 h in gill consistently. Cell localization showed that SjTNFα distributed on membrane of HEK293 cells because it was a type II soluble transmembrane protein. When HEK293 cells were stimulated with LPS of different concentrations, the NF-κB pathway was activated in the nucleus and the corresponding mRNA was transferred through the intracellular signal transduction pathway, resulting in the synthesis and release of TNFα, which made the expression of SjTNFα was up-regulated obviously. These findings showed that SjTNFα might play an essential role in the defense of S. japonica against bacteria challenge, which contributed to the understanding of the intrinsic immune signaling pathway of Cephalopoda and the further study of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Yongxin Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Xiaoxian Guo
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Zhenming Lü
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Xu Zhou
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China.
| | - Changfeng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China.
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13
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Wu W, Sun J, Dong M, Yang Q, Yang W, Zhang T, Wang L, Song L. CgTNF-2 promotes the proliferation of haemocytes by regulating the expressions of CgRunx and cell cycle related genes in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108478. [PMID: 36509414 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A TNF-α family member, CgTNF-2, was previously identified from the oyster Crassostrea gigas to involve in the antibacterial response. In the present study, the role of CgTNF-2 in mediating the proliferation of haemocytes was further explored. The mRNA expression of CgTNF-2 in granulocytes was significantly higher than that in semi-granulocytes and agranulocytes, and the percentages of CgTNF-2 antibody labeled cells in agranulocytes, semi-granulocytes and granulocytes were 19.15%, 40.25% and 94.07%, respectively. After the treatment with rCgTNF-2, the percentage of EdU+ cells in haemocytes increased significantly (1.77-fold, p < 0.05) at 6 h compared with that in rGST-treated group, and the mRNA expressions of CgRunx, CgCyclin A, CgCDK2 and CgCDC45 in haemocytes all increased significantly (p < 0.05), which were 1.94-fold, 2.13-fold, 1.97-fold, 1.76-fold of that in rGST-treated group, respectively. Meanwhile, the protein abundance of CgRunx and CgCyclin A in the haemocytes of oysters in the rCgTNF-2-treated group increased, and the percentage of PI+ haemocytes in S phase also increased significantly (2.19-fold, p < 0.05) compared with that in rGST-treated group. These results collectively confirmed that CgTNF-2 was highly expressed in granulocytes and involved in the proliferation of haemocytes by regulating the expressions of CgRunx and cell cycle related genes in C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Miren Dong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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14
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Canesi L, Auguste M, Balbi T, Prochazkova P. Soluble mediators of innate immunity in annelids and bivalve mollusks: A mini-review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1051155. [PMID: 36532070 PMCID: PMC9756803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Annelids and mollusks, both in the superphylum of Lophotrochozoa (Bilateria), are important ecological groups, widespread in soil, freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. Like all invertebrates, they lack adaptive immunity; however, they are endowed with an effective and complex innate immune system (humoral and cellular defenses) similar to vertebrates. The lack of acquired immunity and the capacity to form antibodies does not mean a lack of specificity: invertebrates have evolved genetic mechanisms capable of producing thousands of different proteins from a small number of genes, providing high variability and diversity of immune effector molecules just like their vertebrate counterparts. This diversity allows annelids and mollusks to recognize and eliminate a wide range of pathogens and respond to environmental stressors. Effector molecules can kill invading microbes, reduce their pathogenicity, or regulate the immune response at cellular and systemic levels. Annelids and mollusks are "typical" lophotrochozoan protostome since both groups include aquatic species with trochophore larvae, which unite both taxa in a common ancestry. Moreover, despite their extensive utilization in immunological research, no model systems are available as there are with other invertebrate groups, such as Caenorhabditis elegans or Drosophila melanogaster, and thus, their immune potential is largely unexplored. In this work, we focus on two classes of key soluble mediators of immunity, i.e., antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and cytokines, in annelids and bivalves, which are the most studied mollusks. The mediators have been of interest from their first identification to recent advances in molecular studies that clarified their role in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth Environment & Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manon Auguste
- Department of Earth Environment & Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth Environment & Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: Petra Prochazkova,
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15
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Huang Y, Si Q, Du S, Du J, Ren Q. Molecular identification and functional analysis of a tumor necrosis factor superfamily gene from Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 134:104456. [PMID: 35636588 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is one of the most important cytokines involved in various biological processes in vertebrates and invertebrates. In the present study, a new member of the TNF superfamily (named EsTNFSF) was identified from the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). The full-length cDNA of EsTNFSF is 2462 bp and encodes a polypeptide with 499 amino acids. The deduced EsTNFSF protein contained a transmembrane region and a conserved extracellular C-terminal TNF domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that EsTNFSF was closely related to other TNFSFs from crustaceans. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that EsTNFSF was expressed in all the tissues examined, and the highest expression was found in the hepatopancreas. The mRNA levels of EsTNFSF in hemocytes underwent a time-dependent and variable degree of enhancement after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Functionally, EsTNFSF knockdown by siRNA suppressed the transcriptional levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and two antimicrobial peptides, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor and crustin. Furthermore, purified recombinant EsTNFSF protein accelerated the bacterial clearance in vivo and inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and S. aureus in vitro. The results revealed that EsTNFSF, as an inducible immune response gene, plays a crucial role in the antibacterial immune defense of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China.
| | - Qin Si
- Biodiversity and Biosafety Research Center, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, 8 Jiangwangmiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Shenghao Du
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Jie Du
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu, 212400, China
| | - Qian Ren
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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Tang Y, Han Y, Zhang W, Yu Y, Huang L, Zhou W, Shi W, Tian D, Liu G. Bisphenol A and microplastics weaken the antimicrobial ability of blood clams by disrupting humoral immune responses and suppressing hemocyte chemotactic activity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119497. [PMID: 35594997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Robust antimicrobial capability is crucial for marine organisms survival in complex ocean environments. Although the detrimental impacts of emergent pollutants on cellular immune response of marine bivalve mollusks were increasingly documented, the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and microplastics (MPs) on humoral immune response and hemocyte chemotactic activity remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, the toxicities of BPA and MPs, alone or in combination, to the antimicrobial ability, humoral immune response, and hemocyte chemotactic activity were investigated in the blood clam Tegillarca granosa. Our data demonstrated that exposure of blood clams to BPA, MPs, and BPA-MPs for 2 weeks lead to significant reductions in their survival rates upon pathogenic bacterial challenge, indicating evident impairment of antimicrobial ability. Compared to control, the plasma of pollutant-incubated blood clams exhibited significantly less antimicrobial activity against the growth of V. harveyi, suggesting significant reduction in humoral immune effectors including defensin, lysozyme (LZM), and lectin. Moreover, hemocytes migration across the polycarbonate membrane to the serum containing chamber was markedly arrested by 2-week exposure to BPA, MPs, and BPA-MPs, suggesting a hampered chemotactic activity. In addition, the intracellular contents of ROS and protein carbonyl in hemocytes were markedly induced whereas the expression levels of key genes from the MAPK and actin cytoskeleton regulation pathways were significantly suppressed upon exposure. In this study, it was also found that BPA-MP coexposure was significantly more toxic than single exposures. In summary, our findings revealed that exposure to the pollutants tested possibly impair the antimicrobial ability of blood clam through (1) reducing the inhibitory effect of plasma on bacterial growth, the contents of humoral immune effectors, and the chemotactic activity of hemocytes, (2) interrupting IL-17 activation of MAPK signal pathway, (3) inducing intracellular ROS, elevating protein carbonylation levels, and disrupting actin cytoskeleton regulation in hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Institute Or Laboratory of Origin: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- Institute Or Laboratory of Origin: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Weixia Zhang
- Institute Or Laboratory of Origin: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yihan Yu
- Institute Or Laboratory of Origin: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Lin Huang
- Institute Or Laboratory of Origin: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- Institute Or Laboratory of Origin: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute Or Laboratory of Origin: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Dandan Tian
- Institute Or Laboratory of Origin: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- Institute Or Laboratory of Origin: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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17
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Boamah GA, Huang Z, Shen Y, Lu Y, Wang Z, Su Y, Xu C, Luo X, Ke C, You W. Transcriptome analysis reveals fluid shear stress (FSS) and atherosclerosis pathway as a candidate molecular mechanism of short-term low salinity stress tolerance in abalone. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:392. [PMID: 35606721 PMCID: PMC9128277 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcriptome sequencing is an effective tool to reveal the essential genes and pathways underlying countless biotic and abiotic stress adaptation mechanisms. Although severely challenged by diverse environmental conditions, the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai remains a high-value aquaculture mollusk and a Chinese predominantly cultured abalone species. Salinity is one of such environmental factors whose fluctuation could significantly affect the abalone’s cellular and molecular immune responses and result in high mortality and reduced growth rate during prolonged exposure. Meanwhile, hybrids have shown superiority in tolerating diverse environmental stresses over their purebred counterparts and have gained admiration in the Chinese abalone aquaculture industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of low salinity adaptation in abalone. Therefore, this study used transcriptome analysis of the gill tissues and flow cytometric analysis of hemolymph of H. discus hannai (DD) and interspecific hybrid H. discus hannai ♀ x H. fulgens ♂ (DF) during low salinity exposure. Also, the survival and growth rate of the species under various salinities were assessed. Results The transcriptome data revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched on the fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis (FSS) pathway. Meanwhile, the expression profiles of some essential genes involved in this pathway suggest that abalone significantly up-regulated calmodulin-4 (CaM-4) and heat-shock protein90 (HSP90), and significantly down-regulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF), bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). Also, the hybrid DF showed significantly higher and sustained expression of CaM and HSP90, significantly higher phagocytosis, significantly lower hemocyte mortality, and significantly higher survival at low salinity, suggesting a more active molecular and hemocyte-mediated immune response and a more efficient capacity to tolerate low salinity than DD. Conclusions Our study argues that the abalone CaM gene might be necessary to maintain ion equilibrium while HSP90 can offset the adverse changes caused by low salinity, thereby preventing damage to gill epithelial cells (ECs). The data reveal a potential molecular mechanism by which abalone responds to low salinity and confirms that hybridization could be a method for breeding more stress-resilient aquatic species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08611-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Afumwaa Boamah
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Yawei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisha Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Changan Xu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China. .,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiwei You
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China. .,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Inflammation: A New Look at an Old Problem. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094596. [PMID: 35562986 PMCID: PMC9100490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in any cells that are subject to damage or threat of damage. It is defined by a number of universal components, including oxidative stress, cellular response to DNA damage, unfolded protein response to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress, changes in autophagy, inflammasome formation, non-coding RNA response, formation of an inducible network of signaling pathways, and epigenetic changes. The presence of an inducible receptor and secretory phenotype in many cells is the cause of tissue pro-inflammatory stress. The key phenomenon determining the occurrence of a classical inflammatory focus is the microvascular inflammatory response (exudation, leukocyte migration to the alteration zone). This same reaction at the systemic level leads to the development of life-critical systemic inflammation. From this standpoint, we can characterize the common mechanisms of pathologies that differ in their clinical appearance. The division of inflammation into alternative variants has deep evolutionary roots. Evolutionary aspects of inflammation are also described in the review. The aim of the review is to provide theoretical arguments for the need for an up-to-date theory of the relationship between key human pathological processes based on the integrative role of the molecular mechanisms of cellular and tissue pro-inflammatory stress.
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19
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Qiao X, Hou L, Wang J, Jin Y, Kong N, Li J, Wang S, Wang L, Song L. Identification and characterization of an apoptosis-inducing factor 1 involved in apoptosis and immune defense of oyster, Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:173-181. [PMID: 34610453 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a phylogenetically old protein with classic function of inducing caspase-independent apoptosis, which extensively present in all primary kingdoms. In the present study, an AIF homologue (designated as CgAIF1) was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas. The open reading frame of CgAIF1 cDNA was of 1836 bp encoding a peptide of 611 amino acid residues. There are a Pyr_redox_2 domain and an AIF_C domain in the predicted CgAIF1 protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of CgAIF1 shared 35.44%-79.22% similarity with AIF1s from other species. In the phylogenetic tree, CgAIF1 firstly clustered with mollusc AIF1s, and then with insect AIF1s, displaying separation from vertebrate AIF1s. The mRNA transcripts of CgAIF1 were constitutively distributed in all the tested oyster tissues, with the highest level in gills (12.98-fold of that in haemocytes, p < 0.05). After LPS and Poly (I:C) stimulation, the mRNA transcripts of CgAIF1 in gills were significantly increased at 6 h and 24 h (5.79-fold, p < 0.001, and 21.96-fold compared to the control group, p < 0.05), respectively. In immunocytochemical assay, the CgAIF1 positive signals were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of haemocytes, while after Poly (I:C) stimulation, the increased CgAIF1 positive signals were observed in the nucleus. Moreover, in the HEK293T cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-CgAIF1 recombinant plasmid, green signal of CgAIF1 were observed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. The cell mortality rate, cell shrinking and the phosphatidylserine (PS) ectropion (Annexin V+/PI- cells and Annexin V+/PI+ cells) of CgAIF1 transfected HEK293T cells were significantly increased, compared to the groups with or without pcDNA3.1 transfection. These results collectively suggested that CgAIF1 was a conserved AIF1 member in oysters, and participated in immune response by inducing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lilin Hou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuhao Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jialuo Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Sicong Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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20
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Wang N, Wang T, Zhao X, Chen Y, Liu R, Fang Y, Zhang R. Molecular characterization of the nitric oxide synthase gene and its immunomodulation of nitric oxide production in the triangle shell mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104136. [PMID: 34004268 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes nitric oxide biosynthesis and orchestrates various immunological responses mediated by nitric oxide (NO) in host animals. In this study, the NOS gene was identified in the triangle shell mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) (HcNOS). HcNOS was highly conserved in the characteristic gene structures of NOS. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that HcNOS was a typical invertebrate NOS. Further gene expression analysis, NOS activity assays and nitric oxide content measurements demonstrated the inducibility of HcNOS in responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and during tissue transplantation. Of note, mantle grafting induced a prolonged HcNOS/NO response, suggesting that through the HcNOS/NO system, multiple immunomodulators may play decisive roles in tissue grafting in triangle shell mussels. Thus, HcNOS appears to be a crucial player in responding to both bacterial infection and tissue transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, China
| | - Yu Fang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, 212013, China.
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21
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Dzubanovsky IY, Pidruchna SR, Melnyk NA, Andreychyn SM, Vervega BM, Nychyk NA. Dynamics of Cytokine Profile Indicators Changes in Animals with Acute Generalized Peritonitis on the Background of Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Life 2020; 13:404-409. [PMID: 33072216 PMCID: PMC7550147 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute peritonitis, any surgical intervention leads to impaired immune protection with the development of postoperative purulent-septic complications, which increases several times the likelihood of death, especially in people with secondary immunodeficiency as a consequence diabetes mellitus. We aimed to study the dynamics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine content in rat serum under experimental acute generalized peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus. Fifty-six white rats were used for the study. The determination of the serum cytokine profile was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. When comparing the levels of interleukins between the study groups, a statistically significant increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines was found in the group of diabetic animals during all experimental periods. In particular, the concentration of interleukin – 1β increased significantly by 94% on day 1 of observation, by 115% on day 3, and by 121% on day 7 compared to the control group. Similarly, a significant increase in TNF-α levels was observed in animals with diabetes. In this group, the most significant increase in the level of TNF-α was recorded on the seventh day of the experiment, and it increased by 3.4 times. Animals with acute peritonitis on the background of diabetes had a significantly increased concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of all study groups, which confirms their involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihor Yakovych Dzubanovsky
- Department of Surgery of Postgraduate Faculty, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Теrnopil, Ukraine
| | | | - Natalia Anatoliivna Melnyk
- Department of General Hygiene and Ecology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Теrnopil, Ukraine
| | - Serhiy Mykhailovych Andreychyn
- Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutics and Phthisiology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Теrnopil, Ukraine
| | | | - Natalia Anatoliina Nychyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Теrnopil, Ukraine
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22
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Summer K, Browne J, Liu L, Benkendorff K. Molluscan Compounds Provide Drug Leads for the Treatment and Prevention of Respiratory Disease. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110570. [PMID: 33228163 PMCID: PMC7699502 DOI: 10.3390/md18110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases place an immense burden on global health and there is a compelling need for the discovery of new compounds for therapeutic development. Here, we identify research priorities by critically reviewing pre-clinical and clinical studies using extracts and compounds derived from molluscs, as well as traditional molluscan medicines, used in the treatment of respiratory diseases. We reviewed 97 biomedical articles demonstrating the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties of >320 molluscan extracts/compounds with direct relevance to respiratory disease, in addition to others with promising bioactivities yet to be tested in the respiratory context. Of pertinent interest are compounds demonstrating biofilm inhibition/disruption and antiviral activity, as well as synergism with approved antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic agents. At least 100 traditional medicines, incorporating over 300 different mollusc species, have been used to treat respiratory-related illness in cultures worldwide for thousands of years. These medicines provide useful clues for the discovery of bioactive components that likely underpin their continued use. There is particular incentive for investigations into anti-inflammatory compounds, given the extensive application of molluscan traditional medicines for symptoms of inflammation, and shells, which are the principal molluscan product used in these preparations. Overall, there is a need to target research toward specific respiratory disease-related hypotheses, purify bioactive compounds and elucidate their chemical structures, and develop an evidence base for the integration of quality-controlled traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Summer
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, GPO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Jessica Browne
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Terminal Drive, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia;
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, GPO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-429-520-589
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