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Muliya Sankappa N, Shivani Kallappa G, Kallihosuru Boregowda K, Mandrira Ramakrishna N, Kattapuni Suresh P, Shriraje Balakrishna D, Ballamoole KK, Thangavel S, Sahoo L, Lange MD, Deshotel MB, Abernathy JW. Novel lytic bacteriophage AhFM11 as an effective therapy against hypervirulent Aeromonas hydrophila. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16882. [PMID: 39043820 PMCID: PMC11266544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67768-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Several farmed fish species, including carps, tilapia, salmon, and catfish, have experienced significant economic losses in aquaculture due to motile Aeromonas septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. In the present study, a novel lytic bacteriophage infecting hypervirulent Aeromonas hydrophila (vAh) was isolated and characterized. This is the first report of a phage against vAh. Phage AhFM11 demonstrated lytic activity against both vAh strains and the A. hydrophila reference strain ATCC 35654. The AhFM11 genome was sequenced and assembled, comprising 168,243 bp with an average G + C content of 41.5%. The genome did not harbor any antibiotic resistance genes. Genomic information along with transmission electron microscopy revealed that phage AhFM11 belongs to the Straboviridae family. Therapeutic application of monophage AhFM11 in fish showed 100% survival in injection, 95% in immersion and 93% in oral feeding of phage top-coated feed. Fish and chicken meat spiked with A. hydrophila and phage showed significant reduction of A. hydrophila. These findings support that phage AhFM11 can be used as a biocontrol agent against vAh as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Muliya Sankappa
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575002, India
- ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - Girisha Shivani Kallappa
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575002, India.
| | - Kushala Kallihosuru Boregowda
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575002, India
| | - Namrutha Mandrira Ramakrishna
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575002, India
| | | | - Dheeraj Shriraje Balakrishna
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575002, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Ballamoole
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangaluru, India
| | - Suresh Thangavel
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575002, India
| | - Lopamudra Sahoo
- Department of Fish Genetics and Reproduction, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura West, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Miles D Lange
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - Michael B Deshotel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA
| | - Jason W Abernathy
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA.
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Ye T, He S, Li J, Luo J, Yang S, Wang P, Li C. Metagenomic and transcriptomic analysis revealing the impact of oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin on gut microbiota and gene expression in the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 271:106925. [PMID: 38718521 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Excessive antibiotic use has led to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), impacting gut microbiota and host health. However, the effects of antibiotics on amphibian populations remain unclear. We investigated the impact of oxytetracycline (OTC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) on Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus), focusing on gut microbiota, ARGs, and gene expression by performing metagenome and transcriptome sequencing. A. davidianus were given OTC (20 or 40 mg/kg) or CIP (50 or 100 mg/kg) orally for 7 days. The results revealed that oral administration of OTC and CIP led to distinct changes in microbial composition and functional potential, with CIP treatment having a greater impact than OTC. Antibiotic treatment also influenced the abundance of ARGs, with an increase in fluoroquinolone and multi-drug resistance genes observed post-treatment. The construction of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) accurately validated that CIP intervention enriched fish-associated potential pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila carrying an increased number of ARGs. Additionally, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as phages and plasmids, were implicated in the dissemination of ARGs. Transcriptomic analysis of the gut revealed significant alterations in gene expression, particularly in immune-related pathways, with differential effects observed between OTC and CIP treatments. Integration of metagenomic and transcriptomic data highlighted potential correlations between gut gene expression and microbial composition, suggesting complex interactions between the host gut and its gut microbiota in response to antibiotic exposure. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the impact of antibiotic intervention on the gut microbiome and host health in amphibians, particularly in the context of antibiotic resistance and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550005, PR China
| | - Shumao He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550005, PR China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550005, PR China
| | - Jianlin Luo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550005, PR China
| | - Sixue Yang
- Zhiran Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 301000, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Zhiran Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 301000, PR China.
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550005, PR China.
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Wu T, Ma R, Pan X, Wang F, Zhang Z, Shi Q, Shan X, Gao G. Comparison of the efficacy of Aeromonas veronii Δ hisJ vaccine in Carassius auratus via different immunization routes. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1378448. [PMID: 38577546 PMCID: PMC10993147 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1378448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introdction Aeromonas veronii is a significant pathogen to various aquatic life. Infections in fish can lead to high mortality rates, causing substantial economic losses in aquaculture. Vaccination is proposed as a substitute for antibiotics in aquaculture to decrease disease-related mortality and morbidity. Our study previously constructed a hisJ-deleted strain of A. veronii, which provided protective effect to Loach. Methods To further assess the vaccine's applicability, this study evaluated its genetic stability and safety, and the immune protective effects in Carassius auratus through four distinct administration routes: intraperitoneal injection, intramuscular injection, oral administration, and immersion, to determine the efficacy of these administration routes. Results The results showed that the vaccine remained genetically stable after 45 generations. Immunization via these administration routes was safe for Carassius auratus, with intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections causing stronger adverse reactions. Immersion immunization resulted in mild adverse reactions, and no significant adverse reactions were observed following oral immunization. Immunizing Carassius auratus at safe concentrations via these routes enhanced the phagocytic activity in serum, increased the levels of non-specific immune-related enzymes (ACP, AKP, C3, C4, LZM, SOD, and IgM), and improved specific serum antibody levels. It also elevated levels of cytokines related to inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β) in organ tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, mid-post intestine, and gills). The survival rates of Carassius auratus were measured after challenging with the virulent strain A. veronii TH0426, resulting in the relative survival rates of 64% for Intraperitoneal vaccine group, 56% for Intramuscular vaccine group, 52% for oral vaccine group, and 48% for immersion vaccine group. Analysis of bacterial load in the liver, spleen, and kidney post-challenge showed a decreasing trend in the control group, indicating that the vaccine strain ΔhisJ could gradually restrict the rapid proliferation of bacteria in these tissues, thereby providing a certain level of immune protection against A. veronii. Discussion In brief, the vaccine strain ΔhisJ can serve as a safe live attenuated vaccine for Carassius auratus, and this study lays the foundation for the development of live attenuated vaccines against Aeromonas veronii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonglei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Ruitao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyi Pan
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Fengjie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qiumei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guisheng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
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Liu Q, Ding J, Zhang X, Bian X, Li M, Chen J, Liu C, Chen X, Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang W, Lei M, Yuan H, Wen Y, Kong Q. Construction and characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila crp and fur deletion mutants and evaluation of its potential as live-attenuated vaccines in crucian carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109380. [PMID: 38244821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) is a typical zoonotic pathogenic bacterium that infects humans, animals, and fish. It has been reported that the Fur, a Fe2+ regulatory protein, and the Crp, a cAMP receptor protein, play important roles in bacterial virulence in many bacteria, but no research has been investigated on A. hydrophila. In this study, the Δfur and Δcrp mutant strains were constructed by the suicide plasmid method. These two mutant strains exhibited a slightly diminished bacterial growth and also were observed some alterations in the number of outer membrane proteins, and the disappearance of hemolysis in the Δcrp strain. Animal experiments of crucian carp showed that the Δfur and Δcrp mutant strains significantly decreased virulence compared to the wild-type strain, and both mutant strains were able to induce good immune responses by two kinds of administration routes of intraperitoneal immunization (i.p) and immersion immunization, and the protection rates through intraperitoneal injection of Δfur and Δcrp to crucian carp were as high as 83.3 % and 73.3 %, respectively, and immersion immunization route of Δfur and Δcrp to crucian carp provided protection as high as 40 % and 20 %, respectively. These two mutant strains showed abilities to induce changes in enzymatic activities of the non-specific enzymes SOD, LZM, AKP, and ACP in crucian carp. Together, these results indicated the Δfur and Δcrp mutants were safe and effective candidate vaccine strains, showing good protection against the wild-type A. hydrophila challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin, China.
| | - Jianjun Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengru Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaolin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meihong Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoxiang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yusong Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingke Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Neissi A, Majidi Zahed H, Roshan R. Probiotic performance of B. subtilis MS. 45 improves aquaculture of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during acute hypoxia stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3720. [PMID: 38355704 PMCID: PMC10866961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis with high probiotic performance for use in the aquaculture of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The main strain of B. subtilis (MS) was irradiated with gamma rays (5.3 KGy). Subsequently, the B. subtilis mutant strain no. 45 (MS. 45) was selected for bacterial growth performance, resistance to acidic conditions, resistance to bile salts and antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. After 60 days, the rainbow trout (70.25 ± 3.89 g) fed with MS. 45 and MS were exposed to hypoxia stress (dissolved oxygen = 2 ppm). Subsequently, immune indices (lysozyme, bacterial activity and complement activity), hematological indices [hematocrit, hemoglobin, WBC, RBC, mean corpuscular volume (MCV)] and antioxidant factors (T-AOC, SOD and MDA)) were analyzed after and before hypoxia exposure. The expression of immunological genes (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8) in the intestine and the expression of hypoxia-related genes (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, FIH1) in the liver were compared between the different groups under hypoxia and normoxia conditions. Growth, immunological and antioxidant indices improved in group MS. 45 compared to the other groups. Stress indices and associated immunologic and hypoxia expressions under hypoxia and normoxia conditions improved in MS. 45 compared to the other groups. This resulted in improved growth, immunity and stress responses in fish fed with the microbial supplement of MS. 45 (P < 0.05) under hypoxia and normoxia conditions, (P < 0.05), resulting in a significant improvement in trout aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Neissi
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, 31465-1498, Iran.
| | - Hamed Majidi Zahed
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, 31465-1498, Iran
| | - Reza Roshan
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, 31465-1498, Iran
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Amrullah A, Wahidah W, Ardiansyah A, Indrayani I. Transfer of maternal immunity using a polyvalent vaccine and offspring protection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. F1000Res 2023; 10:966. [PMID: 37767359 PMCID: PMC10521061 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52932.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination is an effective and alternative means of disease prevention, however, it cannot be conducted on the offspring of fish. For this process to take place, the transfer of maternal immunity should be implemented. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of transferring immunity from the broodstock to the offspring using a polyvalent vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Pseudomonas fluorescens in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Methods Nile tilapia broodstock with an average weight of 203g (±SD 23) was reared in spawning ponds until mass spawning and harvested one week post-spawning for vaccination. After being vaccinated according to the treatment, each fish broodstock was reared in 3x3 m cages installed in an earthen pond with a density of 20 broodstock, consisting of 15 females and 5 males. The vaccine used was a formalin-killed whole-cell vaccine at a density of 10 10 cfu/mL injected intramuscularly ( i.m.) at a dose of 0.4 mL/kg fish. Nile tilapia was injected with a vaccine used as a treatment. Example include A. hydrophila monovalent (MA) , S. agalactiae monovalent (MS) , P. fluorescens monovalent (MP), A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae bivalent (BAS) , A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens bivalent (BAP), P. fluorescens and S. agalactiae bivalent (BPS), and A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, and P. fluorescens polyvalent vaccines (PAPS). While the control was fish that were injected with a PBS solution. The broodstock's immune response was observed on the 7 th, 14 th, 21 st, and 28 th days, while the immune response and challenge test on the offspring was conducted on the 10 th, 20 th, 30 th, and 40 th day during the post-hatching period. The parameters observed consisted of total leukocytes, phagocytic activity, antibody titer, lysozyme, and relative survival percentage (RPS). Result The application of PAPS in broodstock could significantly induce the best immune response and immunity to multiple diseases compared to other treatments. The RPS of the PAPS was also higher than the other types of vaccines. This showed that the transfer of immunity from the broodstock to the Nile tilapia offspring could protect it against bacterial diseases such as A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, and P. fluorescens. Conclusion The application of polyvalent vaccine A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, P. fluorescens vaccines increased the broodstock's immune response and it was transferred to their offsprings. Polyvalent vaccines derived from maternal immunity can protect offspring from disease up to 30 days of age. They were able to produce tilapia seeds that are immune to diseases caused by A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, and P. fluorescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrullah Amrullah
- Aquaculture, Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture, Pangkep, South Sulawesi, 90655, Indonesia
| | - Wahidah Wahidah
- Aquaculture, Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture, Pangkep, South Sulawesi, 90655, Indonesia
| | - Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
- Aquaculture, Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture, Pangkep, South Sulawesi, 90655, Indonesia
| | - Indrayani Indrayani
- Agricultural Technology Education, Makassar State University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Harshitha M, Nayak A, Disha S, Akshath US, Dubey S, Munang'andu HM, Chakraborty A, Karunasagar I, Maiti B. Nanovaccines to Combat Aeromonas hydrophila Infections in Warm-Water Aquaculture: Opportunities and Challenges. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1555. [PMID: 37896958 PMCID: PMC10611256 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology in aquaculture for developing efficient vaccines has shown great potential in recent years. Nanovaccination, which involves encapsulating antigens of fish pathogens in various polymeric materials and nanoparticles, can afford protection to the antigens and a sustained release of the molecule. Oral administration of nanoparticles would be a convenient and cost-effective method for delivering vaccines in aquaculture while eliminating the need for stressful, labour-intensive injectables. The small size of nanoparticles allows them to overcome the degradative digestive enzymes and help deliver antigens to the target site of the fish more effectively. This targeted-delivery approach would help trigger cellular and humoral immune responses more efficiently, thereby enhancing the protective efficacy of vaccines. This is particularly relevant for combating diseases caused by pathogens like Aeromonas hydrophila, a major fish pathogen responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the aquaculture sector. While the use of nanoparticle-based vaccines in aquaculture has shown promise, concerns exist about the potential toxicity associated with certain types of nanoparticles. Some nanoparticles have been found to exhibit varying degrees of toxicity, and their safety profiles need to be thoroughly assessed before widespread application. The introduction of nanovaccines has opened new vistas for improving aquaculture healthcare, but must be evaluated for potential toxicity before aquaculture applications. Details of nanovaccines and their mode of action, with a focus on protecting fish from infections and outbreaks caused by the ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen A. hydrophila, are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mave Harshitha
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Ashwath Nayak
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Somanath Disha
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Uchangi Satyaprasad Akshath
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Saurabh Dubey
- Section of Experimental Biomedicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Department of Molecular Genetics & Cancer, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), DST Technology Enabling Centre, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Biswajit Maiti
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
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Li M, Li D, Li F, Liu W, Wang S, Wu G, Wu G, Tan G, Zheng Z, Li L, Pan Z, Liu Y. Hemolysin from Aeromonas hydrophila enhances the host's serum enzyme activity and regulates transcriptional responses in the spleen of Cyprinus rubrofuscus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115375. [PMID: 37591129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a conditional pathogen impacting public hygiene and safety. Hemolysin is a virulence factor of Aeromonas hydrophila that causes erythrocyte hemolysis, yet its transcriptional response to Cyprinus rubrofuscus remains unknown. Our investigation confirmed the hemolysis of hemolysin from A. hydrophila. Serum enzyme activity was evaluated weekly after C. rubrofuscus were immunized with hemolysin Ahh1. The results showed that the hemolysin enhances the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LZM), and catalase (CAT) activity, which reached a maximum on day 14. To elucidate the molecular interaction between hemolysin from A. hydrophila and the host, we performed transcriptome sequencing on the spleen of C. rubrofuscus 14 days post hemolysin infection. The total number of clean reads was 41.37 Gb, resulting in 79,832 unigenes with an N50 length of 1863 bp. There were 1982 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1083 upregulated genes and 899 downregulated genes. Transcript levels of the genes, such as LA6BL, CD2, and NLRC5, were significantly downregulated, while those of IL11, IL1R2, and IL8 were dramatically upregulated. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the immune disease, viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor, and toll-like receptor pathways, suggesting that hemolysin stimulation can activate the transcriptional responses. RT-qPCR experiments results of seven genes, IL-8, STAT2, CTSK, PRF1, CXCL9, TLR5, and SACS, showed that their expression was highly concordant with RNA-seq data. We clarified for the first time the key genes and signaling pathways response to hemolysin from A. hydrophila, which offers strategies for treating and preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- School of Material Science and Food Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Fenglan Li
- School of Material Science and Food Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Wenli Liu
- School of Material Science and Food Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongqing Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- School of Material Science and Food Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Guiliang Tan
- School of Material Science and Food Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Ziyi Zheng
- School of Material Science and Food Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Material Science and Food Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Ziqiang Pan
- School of Material Science and Food Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China.
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Radhakrishnan A, Prabakaran DS, Ramesh T, Sakthivel R, Ramasamy K, Han HS, Jeyachandran S. Innate Immune Response Assessment in Cyprinus carpio L. upon Experimental Administration with Artemia salina Bio-Encapsulated Aeromonas hydrophila Bacterin. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040877. [PMID: 37112789 PMCID: PMC10144060 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the enhancement of innate immune responses in juvenile-stage common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), upon the administration of heat-killed Aeromonas hydrophila at a dosage of 1 × 107 CFU ml-1 through bio-encapsulation in the aquatic crustacean, Artemia salina. This work emphasizes the modulation of innate immune response when administered with the bio-encapsulated heat-killed antigen that acts as an inactivated vaccine against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia disease. Bio-encapsulated oral administration of antigens promotes innate immunity in juvenile-stage fishes. The optimization of effective bio-encapsulation of bacterin in Artemia salina nauplii was carried out and the best optimal conditions were chosen for immunization. The functional immune parameters such as myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, antiprotease and respiratory burst activity in serum, blood and intestinal tissue samples were analyzed along with blood differential leukocyte count and tissue histopathology studies. Both humoral and cellular immune responses analyzed were substantially induced or enhanced in the treatment groups in comparison with the control group. The results showed a significant variation in the bio-encapsulation group than the control group and also were comparable to the protection conferred with immersion route immunization under similar conditions. Thus, most of the innate non-specific immune responses are inducible, despite being constitutive of the fish immune system, to exhibit a basal level of protection and a road to better vaccination strategy in Cyprinus carpio L. aquaculture worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, National College (Autonomous), Trichy 620001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D S Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramalingam Sakthivel
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kavikumar Ramasamy
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Shim Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivakamavalli Jeyachandran
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Zhang M, Zhang T, He Y, Cui H, Li H, Xu Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Li H, Zhao X, Cheng H, Xu J, Chen X, Ding Z. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of OmpA subunit vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Megalobrama amblycephala: An effective alternative to the inactivated vaccine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133742. [PMID: 36969197 PMCID: PMC10034085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a kind of zoonotic pathogen, which can cause bacterial septicemia in fish and bring huge economic losses to global aquaculture. Outer membrane proteins (Omps) are conserved antigens of Aeromonas hydrophila, which can be developed as subunit vaccines. To evaluate the protective efficacy of inactivated vaccine and recombinant outer membrane protein A (OmpA) subunit vaccine against A. hydrophila in juvenile Megalobrama amblycephala, the present study investigated the immunogenicity and protective effects of both vaccines, as well as the non-specific and specific immune response of M. amblycephala. Compared with the non-vaccinated group, both inactivated and OmpA subunit vaccines improved the survival rate of M. amblycephala upon infection. The protective effects of OmpA vaccine groups were better than that of the inactivated vaccine groups, which should be attributed to the reduced bacterial load and enhanced host immunity in the vaccinated fish. ELISA assay showed that the titer of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) specific to A. hydrophila up-regulated significantly in the OmpA subunit vaccine groups at 14 d post infection (dpi), which should contribute to better immune protective effects. In addition, vaccination enhanced host bactericidal abilities might also attribute to the regulation of the activities of hepatic and serum antimicrobial enzymes. Moreover, the expression of immune-related genes (SAA, iNOS, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF α, C3, MHC I, MHC II, CD4, CD8, TCR α, IgM, IgD and IgZ) increased in all groups post infection, which was more significant in the vaccinated groups. Furthermore, the number of immunopositive cells exhibiting different epitopes (CD8, IgM, IgD and IgZ) that were detected by immunohistochemical assay had increased in the vaccinated groups post infection. These results show that vaccination effectively stimulated host immune response (especially OmpA vaccine groups). In conclusion, these results indicated that both the inactivated vaccine and OmpA subunit vaccine could protect juvenile M. amblycephala against A. hydrophila infection, of which OmpA subunit vaccine provided more effective immune protection and can be used as an ideal candidate for the A. hydrophila vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minying Zhang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Hujun Cui
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Zehua Xu
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hongping Li
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhao
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hanliang Cheng
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jianhe Xu
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiangning Chen
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhujin Ding
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang, China
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11
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Sathiyanarayanan A, Yashwanth BS, Pinto N, Thakuria D, Chaudhari A, Gireesh Babu P, Goswami M. Establishment and characterization of a new fibroblast-like cell line from the skin of a vertebrate model, zebrafish (Danio rerio). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:19-29. [PMID: 36289143 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available fully sequenced genome and genetic similarities compared to humans make zebrafish a prominent in vitro vertebrate model for drug discovery & screening, toxicology, and radiation biology. Zebrafish also possess well developed immune systems which is ideal for studying infectious diseases. Fish skin confers immunity by serving as a physical barrier against the invading pathogens in the aquatic habitat. Therefore in vitro models from the skin tissue of zebrafish help to study the physiology, functional genes in vitro, wound healing, and pathogenicity of microbes. Hence the study aimed to develop and characterize a skin cell line from the wild-type zebrafish Danio rerio. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel cell line designated as DRS (D. rerio skin) was established and characterized from the skin tissue of wild-type zebrafish, D. rerio, by the explant technique. The cells thrived well in the Leibovitz's -15 medium supplemented with 15% FBS and routinely passaged at regular intervals. The DRS cells mainly feature fibroblast-like morphology. The culture conditions of the cells were determined by incubating the cells at varying concentrations of FBS and temperature; the optimum was 15% FBS and 28 °C, respectively. Cells were cryopreserved and revived with 70-75% viability at different passage levels. Two extracellular products from bacterial species Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda were tested and found toxic to the DRS cells. Mitochondrial genes, namely COI and 16S rRNA PCR amplification and partial sequencing authenticated the species of origin of cells. The modal diploid (2n) chromosome number of the cells was 50. The cell line DRS was found to be free from mycoplasma. The cells were transfected with pMaxGFP plasmid and tested positive for green fluorescence at 24-48 h post-transfection. CONCLUSION The findings from this study thus confirm the usefulness of the developed cell line in bacterial susceptibility and transgene expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjunan Sathiyanarayanan
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - B S Yashwanth
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Nevil Pinto
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Aparna Chaudhari
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - P Gireesh Babu
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Boduppal Post, Hyderabad, 500092, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
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12
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Mamun M, Nasren S, Abhiman P, Rathore S, Rakesh K, Sowndarya N, Ramesh K, Shankar K. Evaluation of feed utilization, immune response and disease resistance in striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878) fed with a novel Aeromonas hydrophila biofilm vaccine. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100070. [PMID: 36419597 PMCID: PMC9680056 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was immunized with Biofilm (BF) and Free cell (FC) of Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine at 1010 CFU g-1 for 20 days and monitored for growth parameters, immune responses and disease resistance up to 60 day post vaccination (dpv). Pangasius catfish in the BF vaccinated group had considerably higher growth and feed utilization than the FC vaccinated and unvaccinated groups (p < 0.05). Biofilm vaccinated group showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the mean weight gain (46.91 ± 0.59) than the FC (35.94 ± 0.21) and unvaccinated group (34.92 ± 0.35). The vaccinated fishes were challenged with A. hydrophila at 107 CFU/ml. Significant higher relative percentage survival (RPS) was recorded with BF (84.21 ± 1.49%) compared to that with FC (33.33 ± 1.21%). Polyclonal antibody-based ELISA was used to quantify the antibody titre. BF vaccinated group showed significantly higher antibody titer compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher haematological parameters recorded in the present study were differentially stimulated by the oral administration of A. hydrophila biofilm vaccine. The mean total protein, albumin, and globulin levels of the BF vaccine groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the mean total protein, albumin, and globulin contents of the unvaccinated group. Furthermore, biochemical stress parameters (SGPT, SGOT) in the vaccinated groups showed an incremental trend in the early days of the experimental period. However, the values were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the biofilm group on 20 dpv onwards indicating improved health condition. Vaccinated BF fishes showed gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) within the laminar propria of mid gut. But in FC group fishes showed less aggregation of lymphoid cells. The unvaccinated control fish had no lymphoid cell aggregation in their intestines. The findings of the current research suggested that biofilm vaccine has the capability to be one of the potential oral vaccines in striped catfish against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A.A. Mamun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries (KVAFSU), Mangalore 575002, India
- Department of Fish Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - S. Nasren
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries (KVAFSU), Mangalore 575002, India
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - P.B. Abhiman
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries (KVAFSU), Mangalore 575002, India
| | - S.S. Rathore
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries (KVAFSU), Mangalore 575002, India
| | - K. Rakesh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries (KVAFSU), Mangalore 575002, India
| | - N.S. Sowndarya
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries (KVAFSU), Mangalore 575002, India
| | - K.S. Ramesh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries (KVAFSU), Mangalore 575002, India
| | - K.M. Shankar
- Veterinary College, Shimoga, Ex-Dean, College of Fisheries (KVAFSU), Mangalore 575002, India
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13
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Zhao Z, Wang H, Zhang D, Guan Y, Siddiqui SA, Feng-Shan X, Cong B. Oral vaccination with recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing Aeromonas hydrophila Aha1 against A. hydrophila infections in common carps. Virulence 2022; 13:794-807. [PMID: 35499101 PMCID: PMC9067532 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2063484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of Aha1, an OMP of Aeromonas hydrophila mediating the adhesion of bacteria onto the mucosal surface of hosts has been established. In this study, recombinant vectors, pPG1 and pPG2, carrying a 1366 bp DNA fragment that was responsible for encoding the 49 kDa Aha1 from A. hydrophila were constructed, respectively, then electroporated into a probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei CC16 separately to generate two types of recombinants, L. casei-pPG1-Aha1 (Lc-pPG1-Aha1) and L. casei-pPG2-Aha1 (Lc-pPG2-Aha1). Subsequently, these were orally administered into common carps to examine their immunogenicity. The expression and localization of the expressed Aha1 protein relative to the carrier L. casei was validated via Western blotting, flow cytometry, and immune fluorescence separately. The recombinant vaccines produced were shown high efficacies, stimulated higher level of antibodies and AKP, ACP, SOD, LZM, C3, C4 in serum in hosts. Immune-related gene expressions of cytokines including IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ in the livers, spleens, HK, and intestines were up-regulated significantly. Besides, a more potent phagocytosis response was observed in immunized fish, and higher survival rates were presented in common carps immunized with Lc-pPG1-Aha1 (60%) and Lc-pPG2-Aha1 (50%) after re-infection with virulent strain A. hydrophila. Moreover, the recombinant L. casei were shown a stronger propensity for survivability in the intestine in immunized fish. Taken together, the recombinant L. casei strains might be promising candidates for oral vaccination against A. hydrophila infections in common carps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yongchao Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shahrood Ahmad Siddiqui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Feng-Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Cong
- Institute of special animal and plant sciences of CAAS, Changchun, Jilin, China
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14
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Du Y, Hu X, Miao L, Chen J. Current status and development prospects of aquatic vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1040336. [PMID: 36439092 PMCID: PMC9684733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases are a significant impediment to aquaculture's sustainable and healthy growth. The aquaculture industry is suffering significant financial losses as a result of the worsening water quality and increasing frequency of aquatic disease outbreaks caused by the expansion of aquaculture. Drug control, immunoprophylaxis, ecologically integrated control, etc. are the principal control strategies for fish infections. For a long time, the prevention and control of aquatic diseases have mainly relied on the use of various antibiotics and chemical drugs. However, long-term use of chemical inputs not only increases pathogenic bacteria resistance but also damages the fish and aquaculture environments, resulting in drug residues in aquatic products, severely impeding the development of the aquaculture industry. The development and use of aquatic vaccines are the safest and most effective ways to prevent aquatic animal diseases and preserve the health and sustainability of aquaculture. To give references for the development and implementation of aquatic vaccines, this study reviews the development history, types, inoculation techniques, mechanisms of action, development prospects, and challenges encountered with aquatic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Liang Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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15
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A Novel Efficient Piscine Oral Nano-Vaccine Delivery System: Modified Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) Preventing Streptococcosis Disease in Tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081180. [PMID: 35893829 PMCID: PMC9331641 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, the injection method is recommended as the best efficient method for vaccine applications in fish. However, labor-intensive and difficult injection for certain fish sizes is always considered as a limitation to aquatic animals. To demonstrate the effectiveness of a novel oral delivery system for the piscine vaccine with nano-delivery made from nano clay, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and their modified forms were loaded with killed vaccines, and we determined the ability of the system in releasing vaccines in a mimic digestive system. The efficaciousness of the oral piscine vaccine nano-delivery system was evaluated for its level of antibody production and for the level of disease prevention in tilapia. Herein, unmodified HNTs (H) and modified HNTs [HNT-Chitosan (HC), HNT-APTES (HA) and HNT-APTES-Chitosan (HAC)] successfully harbored streptococcal bivalent vaccine with inactivated S. agalactiae, designated as HF, HAF, HCF and HACF. The releasing of the loading antigens in the mimic digestive tract demonstrated a diverse pattern of protein releasing depending on the types of HNTs. Remarkably, HCF could properly release loading antigens with relevance to the increasing pH buffer. The oral vaccines revealed the greatest elevation of specific antibodies to S. agalactiae serotype Ia in HCF orally administered fish and to some extent in serotype III. The efficacy of streptococcal disease protection was determined by continually feeding with HF-, HAF-, HCF- and HACF-coated feed pellets for 7 days in the 1st and 3rd week. HCF showed significant RPS (75.00 ± 10.83%) among the other tested groups. Interestingly, the HCF-treated group exhibited noticeable efficacy similar to the bivalent-vaccine-injected group (RPS 81.25 ± 0.00%). This novel nano-delivery system for the fish vaccine was successfully developed and exhibited appropriated immune stimulation and promised disease prevention through oral administration. This delivery system can greatly support animals’ immune stimulation, which conquers the limitation in vaccine applications in aquaculture systems. Moreover, this delivery system can be applied to carrying diverse types of biologics, including DNA, RNA and subunit protein vaccines.
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16
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Cao Y, Kou T, Peng L, Munang'andu HM, Peng B. Fructose Promotes Crucian Carp Survival Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865560. [PMID: 35386717 PMCID: PMC8979172 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic food is becoming an important food source that provides micronutrients to human beings. The decline of wild aquatic animals makes aquaculture become increasingly important to play this role. However, infectious diseases, especially bacterial infection, represent severe threat to aquaculture, which causes huge economic loss. Meanwhile, strategies in managing bacterial infection in an antibiotic-independent way are still lacking. In this study, we monitor the metabolomic shift of crucian carp upon Aeromonas hydrophila infection. We find that the metabolism of the fish that died of infection is distinct from the ones that survived. By multivariate analysis, we identify fructose as a crucial biomarker whose abundance is significantly different from the dying and surviving groups where the surviving group has a higher content of fructose than the dying group. Exogenous supplementation of fructose increases fish survival rate by 27.2%. Quantitative gene expression analysis demonstrated that fructose enhances the expression of lysozyme and complement 3 expression, which is also confirmed in the serum level. Furthermore, the augmented lysozyme and C3 levels enhance serum cell lytic activity which contribute to the reduced bacterial load in vivo. Thus, our study demonstrates a metabolism-based approach to manage bacterial infection through modulating immune response to clear bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianshun Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Liaotian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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17
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Huo X, Wang Z, Xiao X, Yang C, Su J. Nanopeptide CMCS-20H loaded by carboxymethyl chitosan remarkably enhances protective efficacy against bacterial infection in fish. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:226-241. [PMID: 34995671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Huo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhensheng Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xun Xiao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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18
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Ridzuan MSM, Abdullah A, Ramly R, Mansor NN, Ramli N, Firdaus-Nawi M. Current status and advances of fish vaccines in Malaysia. Vet World 2022; 15:465-482. [PMID: 35400970 PMCID: PMC8980389 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.465-482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish diseases have a significant negative influence on the Malaysian aquaculture industry. Since the 1980s, the sector has grown in size, which has resulted in a rise in the prevalence of infectious outbreaks affecting both freshwater and marine cultured fish species. Demand for commercially available fish vaccinations is predicted to increase as infectious disease outbreaks continue to occur. In Malaysia, aquaculture vaccine research and development (R&D) are still in its infancy, with most efforts concentrating on producing vaccines against bacterial infections, most notably streptococcosis, vibriosis, and motile Aeromonas septicemia. Despite several attempts, no homegrown vaccine has been effectively introduced into the manufacturing pipeline to date. At the moment, only three imported aquatic vaccines have received full permission, a far cry from the 314 and 60 vaccines licensed in the poultry and porcine industries, respectively. This review will describe recent findings regarding the development of aquaculture vaccines for certain fish species and diseases in Malaysia. In our opinion, R&D on fish vaccines is critical to the aquaculture industry's viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Syafiq Mohammad Ridzuan
- Department of Marine Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; National Fish Health Research Division, Fisheries Research Institute Batu Maung, Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 11960 Batu Maung, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Azila Abdullah
- National Fish Health Research Division, Fisheries Research Institute Batu Maung, Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 11960 Batu Maung, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rimatulhana Ramly
- National Fish Health Research Division, Fisheries Research Institute Batu Maung, Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 11960 Batu Maung, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nazifah Mansor
- Department of Marine Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Norazsida Ramli
- Kulliyyah of Allied Health Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Firdaus-Nawi
- Department of Marine Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health, Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies, International Islamic University Malaysia, Cherok Paloh, 26060 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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19
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Doan HV, Tapingkae W, Balasundaram C, Arockiaraj J, Ringø E. Changes in immune genes expression, immune response, digestive enzymes -antioxidant status, and growth of catla (Catla catla) fed with Astragalus polysaccharides against edwardsiellosis disease. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:418-436. [PMID: 35051563 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of four level of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs) supplementation diets, (CD: control diet and three experiment diet (E), EA: 100 mg kg-1 APs; EB: 200 mg kg-1 APs; EC: 300 mg kg-1 APs) on growth, changes in haemato-biochemical parameters and metabolic-digestive enzymes, enhancement of antioxidant activity, innate-adaptive immune response, and cytokine gene expression were studied in catla (Catla catla) against Edwardsiella tarda. The healthy and challenged groups fed the CD displayed no mortality, while fish fed EA or EC revealed 10% mortality, but the mortality was only 5% in diet EB. Fish fed diet EB and EC revealed significantly better growth rates and high RBC count during the experimental period. Albumin and globulin levels were significant improved when fish were fed the diet EB and EC from weeks 6-8. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significant ameliorated by EB feeding from weeks 4-8. In contrast, serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA)/lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), respiratory burst activity (RBA), bactericidal action (BCA), serum lysozyme activity (SLA), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), head kidney leukocytes response proliferation (HKLP), hemolytic action (HLA), hydrogen peroxides (H2O2), and immunoglobulin (Ig) were significantly improved from week 6-8. Groups fed the APs enriched diets had significant ameliorated interleukin (IL)-1β and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression after 6 and 8 weeks of feeding. However, IL-10 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-1 mRNA expressions were significant enhanced in catla fed all APs diets on week 8. APs enriched diets revealed significant improved tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and TNF receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF6) mRNA expression on week 4, but toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) and TLR4 mRNA expression were significant enhanced by diet EB and EC after weeks 6 and 8. Similarly, the lysozyme (Lyz)-C and Lyz-G mRNA levels in the head kidney (HK) increased by APs feeding on weeks 6 and 8, whereas the EB diet, the expression of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1) was significantly improved on weeks 6 and 8, but NOD2 mRNA expression was only significant enhanced after 8 weeks of diet EB. By feeding healthy catla and E. tarda challenged fish fed diet EB, resulted in significantly increased growth, haemato-biochemical indices, metabolic-digestive enzymes, antioxidant activities, innate-adaptive immune responses, and cytokine gene expression mainly between 6 and 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innoviative Agriculture Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Foundation for Aquaculture Innovations and Technology Transfer (FAITT), Thoraipakkam, 600 097, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
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20
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Bacteriophages in the Control of Aeromonas sp. in Aquaculture Systems: An Integrative View. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020163. [PMID: 35203766 PMCID: PMC8868336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species often cause disease in farmed fish and are responsible for causing significant economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is the ideal method to prevent infectious diseases, there are still very few vaccines commercially available in the aquaculture field. Currently, aquaculture production relies heavily on antibiotics, contributing to the global issue of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective alternatives to antibiotics to reduce their use in aquaculture systems. Bacteriophage (or phage) therapy is a promising approach to control pathogenic bacteria in farmed fish that requires a heavy understanding of certain factors such as the selection of phages, the multiplicity of infection that produces the best bacterial inactivation, bacterial resistance, safety, the host’s immune response, administration route, phage stability and influence. This review focuses on the need to advance phage therapy research in aquaculture, its efficiency as an antimicrobial strategy and the critical aspects to successfully apply this therapy to control Aeromonas infection in fish.
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21
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Balasundaram C, Van Doan H, Jaturasitha S, Saravanan K, Ringø E. Impact of cinnamaldehyde on innate immunity and immune gene expression in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:1-16. [PMID: 34274424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cinnamaldehyde (CM) enriched diet on immunity and cytokine gene expression in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans is reported. C. striatus was uniformly divided into eight groups (n = 25 fish each) and fed with formulated diets with 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg kg-1 CM enriched diet. In healthy and infected groups fed with 5 mg kg-1 diet the leukocytes count increased significantly after 4th week; with 10 mg kg-1 CM diet the increase manifested after 6th week, but with 15 mg kg-1 not even after 8th week. In both groups, 5 mg kg-1 CM diet resulted in a significant increase in the serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels after 4th week, whereas with other diets this effect was observed only after 6th week. Similarly, with any enriched diet the lysozyme activity increased significantly, but with 15 mg kg-1 CM diet only after 6th week. In both groups the complement activity and lymphocyte production increased significantly when fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet after 4th week while with other enriched diets only after 6th week. The phagocytic activity increased significantly in both groups fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet after 6th week, whereas the SOD activity increased after 4th week. The IgM production increased significantly in both groups fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet after 2nd week, while with 5 and 10 mg kg-1 CM diet after 4th week. In both groups, the expression of CXCR3α was significant on 4th week when fed with 10 mg kg-1 CM diet, while in the healthy group fed with 15 mg kg-1 CM diet the expression manifested earlier than 4th week. However, when fed with 10 and 15 mg kg-1 CM diets the increase was observed on 6th week; whereas, the expression of MHC-I reached the maximum on 6th week with any enriched diet. The results indicate that in C. striatus the innate immunity and expression of cytokine and immune related genes were significantly modulated when fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet on 4th week against A. invadans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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22
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Balasundaram C, Van Doan H, Jaturasitha S, Ringø E, Faggio C. Effect of chrysophanic acid on immune response and immune genes transcriptomic profile in Catla catla against Aeromonas hydrophila. Sci Rep 2021; 11:612. [PMID: 33436677 PMCID: PMC7804155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of chrysophanic acid (CA) (2, 4, and 8 mg kg-1) on the immunity and immune-related gene profile of Catla catla against Aeromonas hydrophila is reported. In both control and treated groups fed with 2 mg kg-1 (2 CA), the phagocytosis, hemolytic, myeloperoxidase content, and superoxide anion production decreased significantly between 6th and 8th weeks, whereas when fed with 4 mg kg-1 CA (4 CA) the H2O2 production and nitric oxide synthase increased significantly between 4th and 8th week. When fed with 2 CA and 4 CA diets, the total protein, bactericidal, and antibody titer increased significantly from the 4th week onwards. When fed with 2 CA, the IL-1β and IL-10 mRNA expression of head kidney leucocytes were significant between weeks 6 and 8. The expressions of toll-like receptors significantly increased when fed with a 4 CA diet from 4th week onwards. The 4 CA group significantly increased in TNF-α, TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (NOD), which influences protein expression, after the 4th week. The mRNA transcription of MHCI, lysozyme-chicken and goose type expressions significantly increased in 4 CA group within the 4th week. In summary, the dietary administration of 4 mg kg-1 of CA (4 CA) provides better immunity and enhances the up-regulation of immune-related genes in Catla against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- grid.413015.20000 0004 0505 215XDepartment of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu 631 501 India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- grid.411678.d0000 0001 0941 7660Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Tamil Nadu 621 007 India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- grid.412909.70000 0001 2287 9472Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 005 India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Einar Ringø
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Caterina Faggio
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti, Italy
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23
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Maiti B, Dubey S, Munang'andu HM, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I, Evensen Ø. Application of Outer Membrane Protein-Based Vaccines Against Major Bacterial Fish Pathogens in India. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1362. [PMID: 32849496 PMCID: PMC7396620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food-producing sectors in the world. However, its growth is hampered by various disease problems due to infectious microorganisms, including Gram-negative bacteria in finfish aquaculture. Disease control in aquaculture by use of antibiotics is not recommended as it leads to antibiotic residues in the final product, selection, and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Therefore, focus is on disease prevention by vaccination. All Gram-negative bacteria possess surface-associated outer membrane proteins (OMPs), some of which have long been recognized as potential vaccine candidates. OMPs are essential for maintaining the integrity and selective permeability of the bacterial membrane and play a key role in adaptive responses of bacteria such as solute and ion uptake, iron acquisition, antimicrobial resistance, serum resistance, and bile salt resistance and some adhesins have virulence attributes. Antigenic diversity among bacterial strains even within the same bacterial species has constrained vaccine developments, but OMPs that are conserved across serotypes could be used as potential candidates in vaccine development, and several studies have demonstrated their efficacy and potential as vaccine candidates. In this review, we will look into the application of OMPs for the design of vaccines based on recombinant proteins, subunit vaccines, chimeric proteins, and DNA vaccines as new-generation vaccine candidates for major bacterial pathogens of fish for sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Maiti
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangaluru, India
| | - Saurabh Dubey
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hetron Mweemba Munang'andu
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangaluru, India
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, India
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Zhao XL, Wu G, Chen H, Li L, Kong XH. Analysis of virulence and immunogenic factors in Aeromonas hydrophila: Towards the development of live vaccines. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:747-755. [PMID: 32478415 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, a bacterium that is widespread in aquatic environments, is responsible for causing haemorrhagic disease in both aquatic and terrestrial species. With the purpose of developing a live vaccine, herein we have investigated nine strains of A. hydrophila (Ah-01 to Ah-09) isolated from diseased fish. A study of virulence factors that contribute to pathogenicity and immunogenicity in the host Cyprinus carpio suggests that the presence of β-hly, act and fla genes contribute to pathogenesis: strains Ah-01, Ah-02 and Ah-03 (β-hly+ /act+ /fla+ genotype) were highly pathogenic to C. carpio, whereas Ah-05 and Ah-06 (β-hly- /act- /fla- genotype) showed weak pathogenicity. Accordingly, Ah-02 and Ah-03 were selected to prepare inactivated vaccines, whereas Ah-05 and Ah-06 were chosen as live vaccines. Ah-06 live vaccine was found to have the best protective efficacy, with a protective rate of about 85%, whereas rates of other vaccines were significantly lower, in the range 37%-59%. In addition, DNA vaccines based on genes altA, aha and omp showed immune protection rates of 25%, 37.5% and 75%, respectively. Our data demonstrate that the β-hly- /act- /fla- /altA+ /aha+ /omp+ genotype has weak pathogenicity and high immunogenicity, and provide a simple and effective way to screen for live A. hydrophila vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Liang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gan Wu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - He Chen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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25
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Vaz Farias TH, Arijo S, Medina A, Pala G, da Rosa Prado EJ, Montassier HJ, Pilarski F, Antonio de Andrade Belo M. Immune responses induced by inactivated vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:186-191. [PMID: 32247044 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is responsible for outbreaks of a severe infectious disease in fish farms around the world and is one of the major causes of economic losses to the neotropical fish farmers. This study assessed the induction of immune responses and protection against A. hydrophila in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, vaccinated through intraperitoneal and immersion route with inactivated virulent strain. Fish were randomly distributed in three vaccinated groups: intraperitoneal (i.p.) route; immersion; and immersion + booster; and control group (unvaccinated). All vaccination protocols used the concentration of 1.7 × 108 CFU mL-1 of inactivated A. hydrophila., and an oil adjuvant was used for vaccine prepararion for i.p. route vaccination. Blood and skin mucus from 9 fishes per treatment were collected at 14, 28, 42 and 84 days post-vaccination (DPV) for determination of lysozyme concentration in skin mucus, as well as antibodies anti-A. hydrophila in blood serum and skin mucus. Fish were challenged at 84 DPV with homologous and virulent strain of A. hydrophila for evaluation of resistance against bacterial infection. The results demonstrated that vaccination with inactivated A. hydrophila suspension by i.p. or immersion resulted in significant increase of skin mucus lysozyme and specific antibody levels in serum and skin mucus, at 28 and 42 DPV, and this increase in innate and adaptive immunity remained significant in pacu vaccinated through i.p. route up to 84 DPV. Although no significant differences were observed in the survival study, pacu vaccinated through i.p. route presented 31,33% of relative percentage survival (RPS) in LD50-96h when compared unvaccinated fish challenged at 84 DPV. The results observed in this study indicate that vaccination programs with inactivated A. hydrophila, including booster doses by i.p. or immersion routes, could result in more effective protection in pacu against this bacteriosis, by increasing innate and adaptive mucosal and systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Heloisa Vaz Farias
- Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Pathology (Lapoa), Aquaculture Center from UNESP (CAUNESP), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Salvador Arijo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Medina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gabriela Pala
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 14884-012, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ed Jhonny da Rosa Prado
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 14884-012, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio José Montassier
- Department of Microbiology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 14884-012, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Pilarski
- Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Pathology (Lapoa), Aquaculture Center from UNESP (CAUNESP), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio de Andrade Belo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 14884-012, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Animal Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brazil University, Av. Hilário da Silva Passos, 950, CEP.13690-000, Descalvado, SP, Brazil.
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