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Nardon M, Sinha O, Kpankpa J, Albenze E, Bonnet CT, Bertucco M, Singh T. Prioritized adjustments in posture stabilization and adaptive reaching during neuromuscular fatigue of lower-limb muscles. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:629-645. [PMID: 39024408 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00252.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) induces temporary reductions in muscle force production capacity, affecting various aspects of motor function. Although studies have extensively explored NMF's impact on muscle activation patterns and postural stability, its influence on motor adaptation processes remains less understood. This article investigates the effects of localized NMF on motor adaptation during upright stance, focusing on reaching tasks. Using a force-field perturbation paradigm, participants performed reaching movements while standing upright before and after inducing NMF in the ankle dorsiflexor muscles. Results revealed that despite maintained postural stability, participants in the NMF group exhibited larger movement errors during reaching tasks, suggesting impaired motor adaptation. This was evident in both initial and terminal phases of adaptation, indicating a disruption in learning processes rather than a decreased adaptation rate. Analysis of electromyography activation patterns highlighted distinct strategies between groups, with the NMF group showing altered activation of both fatigued and nonfatigued muscles. In addition, differences in coactivation patterns suggested compensatory mechanisms to prioritize postural stability despite NMF-induced disruptions. These findings underscore the complex interplay between NMF, motor adaptation, and postural control, suggesting a potential role for central nervous system mechanisms in mediating adaptation processes. Understanding these mechanisms has implications for sports performance, rehabilitation, and motor skill acquisition, where NMF may impact the learning and retention of motor tasks. Further research is warranted to elucidate the transient or long-term effects of NMF on motor adaptation and its implications for motor rehabilitation interventions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We assessed motor adaptation during force-field reaching following exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) on postural muscles. NMF impaired adaptation in performance. Similarly, diverging activation strategies were observed in the muscles. No effects were seen on measures of postural control. These results suggest the remodulation of motor commands to the muscles in the presence of NMF, which may be relevant in settings where participants could be exposed to NMF while learning, such as sports and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nardon
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Oindrila Sinha
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John Kpankpa
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Eliza Albenze
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Cédrick T Bonnet
- CNRS, UMR 9193-SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Matteo Bertucco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Tarkeshwar Singh
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
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Souron R, Ruiz-Cárdenas JD, Gruet M. The 1-min sit-to-stand test induces a significant and reliable level of neuromuscular fatigability: insights from a mobile app analysis. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05537-9. [PMID: 38900202 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The performance metric associated with the execution of the 1-min sit-to-stand (1STS) typically relies on the number repetitions completed in 1 min. This parameter presents certain limitations (e.g., ceiling effect, motivational factors) which can impede its interpretation. Introducing additional parameters, such as neuromuscular fatigability level, could enhance the informative value of the 1STS and facilitate its interpretation. This study aimed to assess (i) whether the 1STS induces fatigability and (ii) the reliability of the fatigability level. METHODS Forty young, healthy, and active participants underwent the 1STS twice during the same session. Isolated sit-to-stand maneuvers were performed before, immediately, and 1 min after completing the 1STS. A mobile app was utilized to obtain time (STST), velocity (STSV), and muscle power (STSP) from these sit-to-stand maneuvers. The pre-post change in these parameters served as the fatigability marker. Reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the coefficient of variation (CV). RESULTS The mean number of repetitions during the 1STS was 63 ± 9. Significant decline in performance was observed for STST (13 ± 8%), STSV (-11.2 ± 6%), and STSP (-5.2 ± 3%), with more than 74% of participants exhibiting a decline beyond the minimal detectable change. Excellent between-session reliability (ICC ≥ 0.9; CV ≤ 5.3) was observed for the mobile app variables. CONCLUSION The 1STS induces significant levels of fatigability. The fatigability indicators derived from the mobile app demonstrated remarkable reliability. Utilizing this user-friendly interface for computing fatigability may empower professionals to acquire insightful complementary indicators from the 1STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Souron
- Nantes Université, Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR 4334, 44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Juan D Ruiz-Cárdenas
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Occupational Therapy, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Nardon M, Ferri U, Caffi G, Bartesaghi M, Perin C, Zaza A, Alessandro C. Kinematics but not kinetics alterations to single-leg drop jump movements following a subject-tailored fatiguing protocol suggest an increased risk of ACL injury. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1418598. [PMID: 38832309 PMCID: PMC11144872 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1418598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuromuscular fatigue causes a transient reduction of muscle force, and alters the mechanisms of motor control. Whether these alterations increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is still debated. Here we compare the biomechanics of single-leg drop jumps before and after the execution of a fatiguing exercise, evaluating whether this exercise causes biomechanical alterations typically associated with an increased risk of ACL lesion. The intensity of the fatiguing protocol was tailored to the aerobic capacity of each participant, minimizing potential differential effects due to inter-individual variability in fitness. Methods Twenty-four healthy male volunteers performed single leg drop jumps, before and after a single-set fatiguing session on a cycle ergometer until exhaustion (cadence: 65-70 revolutions per minute). For each participant, the intensity of the fatiguing exercise was set to 110% of the power achieved at their anaerobic threshold, previously identified by means of a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Joint angles and moments, as well as ground reaction forces (GRF) before and after the fatiguing exercise were compared for both the dominant and the non-dominant leg. Results Following the fatiguing exercise, the hip joint was more extended (landing: Δ=-2.17°, p = 0.005; propulsion: Δ=-1.83°, p = 0.032) and more abducted (landing: Δ=-0.72°, p = 0.01; propulsion: Δ=-1.12°, p = 0.009). Similarly, the knee joint was more extended at landing (non-dominant leg: Δ=-2.67°, p < 0.001; dominant: Δ=-1.4°, p = 0.023), and more abducted at propulsion (both legs: Δ=-0.99°, p < 0.001) and stabilization (both legs: Δ=-1.71°, p < 0.001) hence increasing knee valgus. Fatigue also caused a significant reduction of vertical GRF upon landing (Δ=-0.21 N/kg, p = 0.003), but not during propulsion. Fatigue did not affect joint moments significantly. Conclusion The increased hip and knee extension, as well as the increased knee abduction we observed after the execution of the fatiguing exercise have been previously identified as risk factors for ACL injury. These results therefore suggest an increased risk of ACL injury after the execution of the participant-tailored fatiguing protocol proposed here. However, the reduced vertical GRF upon landing and the preservation of joint moments are intriguing, as they may suggest the adoption of protective strategies in the fatigued condition to be evaluated in future studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nardon
- School of Medicine and Surgery/Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Ferri
- School of Medicine and Surgery/Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caffi
- School of Medicine and Surgery/Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartesaghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery/Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Perin
- School of Medicine and Surgery/Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Zucchi - GDS, Carate Brianza, Monza e Brianza, Italy
| | - Antonio Zaza
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences/Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Alessandro
- School of Medicine and Surgery/Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Dos Anjos L, Rodrigues F, Scataglini S, Baptista RR, Lobo da Costa P, Vieira MF. Trunk variability and local dynamic stability during gait after generalized fatigue induced by incremental exercise test in young women in different phases of the menstrual cycle. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16223. [PMID: 37901461 PMCID: PMC10607266 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify how generalized fatigue along with hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle affects trunk variability and local dynamic stability during gait. Methods General fatigue was induced by an incremental test on a treadmill, and the menstrual cycle was divided into three phases: follicular, ovulatory, and luteal. Twenty-six healthy, young volunteers (aged 18 to 28 years) who did not use oral contraceptives or other hormonal drugs with a regular menstrual cycle participated in the study. They walked on the treadmill for 4 min at the preferred speed, before the incremental test, followed by four sets of 4 min alternating between walking, also at preferred speed, and resting. From trunk kinematic data, the following were extracted: the mean of the standard deviation along strides, as a measure of variability, and the maximum Lyapunov exponent, as a measure of local dynamic stability (LDS). Results After the incremental test, variability increased, and LDS decreased. However, they showed a tendency to return to the initial value faster in women compared to previous results for men. In the follicular phase, which has less hormonal release, the volunteers had an almost complete recovery in LDS soon after the first rest interval, suggesting that female hormones can interfere with fatigue recovery. Nevertheless, concerning the LDS, it was significantly lower in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase. Conclusion Women that are not taking oral contraceptives should be aware that they are susceptible to increased gait instabilities in the pre-menstrual phase after strenuous activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Dos Anjos
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Sofia Scataglini
- Department of Product Development, Faculty of Design Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rafael Reimann Baptista
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Lobo da Costa
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcus Fraga Vieira
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Huang C, Ye J, Song Y, Kovács B, Baker JS, Mao Z, Gu Y. The Effects of Fatigue on the Lower Limb Biomechanics of Amateur Athletes during a Y-Balance Test. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2565. [PMID: 37761762 PMCID: PMC10530907 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Y-Balance Test (YBT) is a reliable tool for assessing the dynamic balance of athletes' lower limbs. This study aimed to compare the effects of the YBT on lower limb biomechanics before and after fatigue. Sixteen adult male recreational athletes were recruited for the study, and motion capture in combination with a force plate was used to collect kinematic, dynamics, and center of pressure (COP) data of the dominant leg during YBT testing before and after fatigue. Based on the research findings, there were significant statistical differences in the distances reached during the YBT in three directions before and after fatigue. After fatigue, there is a significant decrease in the ROM of the hip and knee joints in all three directions. Also, there is a significant increase in hip joint torque in the anterior- and posterior-lateral directions, while a significant decrease in hip and ankle joint torque is observed in the posterior-medial direction. Moreover, there is an increasing trend in positive and negative joint work for the hip, knee, and ankle joints in all three directions after fatigue. The range of COP displacement also increases following fatigue. The decline in YBT scores demonstrates the detrimental impact of fatigue on the dynamic balance of the lower limbs of adult male amateur athletes. We hope that these results can provide information for athletes and coaches to better understand the effects of fatigue on the dynamic balance of lower limbs, so as to carry out targeted lower limb balance training and prevent sports injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Huang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jingyi Ye
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Yang Song
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- Doctoral School of Safety and Security Sciences, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, 6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balint Kovács
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Physical Education, Alkotás u. 44, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Zhuqing Mao
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
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Ghani HA, Alghwiri AA, Hisham H, Manaf H. Lower Limb Muscle Fatigue Alters Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters and Turning Difficulty Characteristics in Parkinson's Disease. Ann Rehabil Med 2023; 47:282-290. [PMID: 37558204 PMCID: PMC10475814 DOI: 10.5535/arm.23067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of lower limb muscle fatigue on spatiotemporal gait parameters and turning difficulty characteristics during the extended Timed Up and Go (extended TUG) test in individuals with different severity stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Forty individuals with PD, classified as Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages 2 and 3 participated in this pre- and post-experimental study design. The participants performed a continuous sit-to-stand task from a chair based on 30 cycles/min set-up to induce lower limb muscle fatigue. They performed extended TUG test immediately before and after completing the fatigue protocol. Spatiotemporal gait parameters and turning difficulty characteristics were recorded using two GoPro® Hero 4 Silver cameras. Data were subjected to a repeated-measure ANOVA. RESULTS Individuals with PD experience significant changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters, specifically stride velocity and length, under conditions of lower limb muscle fatigue (p=0.001). These changes were more pronounced in individuals with PD in the H&Y stage 3 group. Additionally, both PD groups exhibited difficulty with turning, requiring more than five steps to complete a 180° turn and taking more than 3 seconds to accomplish it. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the impact of muscle fatigue on gait performance in PD and suggest that individuals in later stages of the disease may be particularly affected. Further research is needed to explore interventions that can mitigate these gait impairments and improve mobility in individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimatul Abd Ghani
- Physiotherapy Program, Institut Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Alia A. Alghwiri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hafifi Hisham
- Physiotherapy Program, Center for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haidzir Manaf
- Centre for Physiotherapy Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
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Safee MKM, Osman NAA. Relationship between postural stability and fall risk in young adult after lower limb muscle fatigue. HEALTHCARE IN LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/hls.2023.11182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Muscle fatigue can reduce body balance and activity of daily living tasks. Therefore, this study aims to identify the correlation between postural stability and fall risk due to muscle fatigue. The components in postural stability include Overall Stability Index (OSI), Anterior-Posterior Stability Index (APSI), and Mediolateral Stability Index (MLSI).
Design and Methods: A total of seven healthy adults aged 31.1±7.4 years were recruited in this study. The sit-to-stand (STS) protocol was used to induce lower limb muscle fatigue, while postural stability and fall risk were assessed using the Biodex Balance System (BBS) before and after muscle fatigue.
Result: The result showed a significant increase in postural stability index after fatigue only for OSI with p<0.05, while no significant difference was found on APSI and MLSI with p=0.157 and p=0.109 respectively. However, the mean score for the postural stability index showed an increase in percentage with 47.8% in OSI, 26.3% in APSI and 46.8% in MLSI. Furthermore,fall risk showed no significant differences with p=0.149, but the mean score data increased by 16.7% after fatigue. The correlation between fall risk and OSI was significant with p<0.05, while MLSI had a significant negative correlation with APSI (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on the results, the young adults had reduced overall postural stability but were less affected by fall risk after muscle fatigue. The positive correlation between OSI and fall risk indicated that their overall postural stability can induce the fall risk after muscle fatigue. Therefore, young adults need to be aware of their fatigue symptoms during prolonged exercise that can increase fall risk potential.
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Benton AM, Amiri P, Henson DP, Sivapuratharasu B, Mcgregor AH, Bull AMJ. Characterization of muscle recruitment during gait of bilateral transfemoral and through-knee persons with limb loss. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1128528. [PMID: 37082215 PMCID: PMC10110921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1128528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Due to loss in musculoskeletal capacity, there is an increased burden on the residual limbs of bilateral transfemoral and through-knee persons with limb loss. This reduced capacity is associated with an increased cost of walking that is detrimental to functionality. Compensatory gait strategies are adopted by this population. However, how these strategies relate to specific muscle recruitment is not known. The primary aim of this study is to characterize muscle recruitment during gait of this population. The secondary aim is to assess whether the measured kinematics can be actuated when the endurance of specific muscles is reduced and if this is the case, which alternative muscles facilitate this. Methods: 3D gait data and high-resolution magnetic resonance images were acquired from six bilateral transfemoral and through-knee persons with limb loss. Subject-specific anatomical muscle models were developed for each participant, and a validated musculoskeletal model was used to quantify muscle forces in two conditions: during normal gait (baseline) and when muscles, which were identified as functioning above a "healthy" level at baseline, have a reduced magnitude of maximum force capacity (reduced endurance simulation). To test the hypothesis that there are differences in muscle forces between the baseline trials and the simulations with reduced muscular endurance, a Bonferroni corrected two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was completed between the two states. Results: The baseline analysis showed that the hip flexors experience relatively high muscle activations during gait. The reduced endurance simulation found two scenarios. First, for 5 out of the 12 simulations, the baseline kinematics could not be reproduced with the reduced muscular capacity. Second, for 7 out of 12 cases where the baseline kinematics were achieved, this was possible with compensatory increased activation of some muscles with similar functions (p ≤ 0.003). Discussion: Evidently, due to the loss of the ankle plantar flexors, gait imposes a high demand on the flexor muscle group of the residual limb. This study highlights how the elevated cost of gait in this population manifests in muscle recruitment. To enhance functionality, it is critical to consider the mechanical demand on the hip flexors and to develop rehabilitation interventions accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M. Benton
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Alice M. Benton,
| | - Pouya Amiri
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David P. Henson
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Biranavan Sivapuratharasu
- Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison H. Mcgregor
- Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony M. J. Bull
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Chardon M, Barbieri FA, Penedo T, Santos PCR, Vuillerme N. The effects of experimentally-induced fatigue on gait parameters during obstacle crossing: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104854. [PMID: 36084846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Striking an obstacle while walking can be dangerous, reflecting the higher risks of losing one's balance, tripping and falling. Particular situations during which internal resources are limited, such as in a fatigued state, may impair performance when crossing obstacles, enhancing the risks of falls or accidents. Our goal was thus to review the effects of experimentally-induced fatigue (EIF) on gait parameters during obstacle crossing by healthy individuals. We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science databases using 'fatigue', 'obstacle crossing' and their equivalent terms to extract data from studies investigating this domain. Nine studies were found. First, EIF-related effects on kinetics, EMG and obstacle contacts have been poorly studied. Second, consistent and inconsistent results were found in the kinematic outcomes after EIF. Consistent results included reductions in stride duration and increased step width. Inconsistent results included gait velocity (no-effect vs increased), leading and trailing-foot vertical clearance (reduced vs increased) and horizontal distance from foot to the obstacle before obstacle avoidance (no-effect vs increased). These findings should be interpreted cautiously, however, due to the heterogeneity of the obstacle crossing and EIF protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chardon
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - F A Barbieri
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil.
| | - T Penedo
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Paulo C R Santos
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Vuillerme
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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10
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Zhang L, Yan Y, Liu G, Han B, Fei J, Zhang Y. Effect of fatigue on kinematics, kinetics and muscle activities of lower limbs during gait. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:1365-1374. [DOI: 10.1177/09544119221112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue, as a serious social problem, affects the performance of daily living activities, especially for workers. Decrease of movement control ability caused by muscle fatigue is one of the risk and intrinsic factors for occupational accidents, such as slips, trips, falls, etc. In order to reduce the accident rate and optimize the existing prevention measures, it is necessary to investigate the effect of fatigue on kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activities of human body. In this paper, 26 healthy participants were recruited. The kinematics and kinetics analysis of lower limb joints, and surface electromyograms (sEMG) time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of lower limb periarticular muscles were utilized to investigate the effects of muscle fatigue. The results showed that the fatigue reduced the range-of-motion (RoM) of the lower limb joints. Smaller plantarflexion, knee flexion and hip flexion angles, and greater dorsiflexion angles were observed after fatigue. For the joint moment, the fatigue did not alter the joint moments except for the smaller knee flexion moment. For the joint power, the fatigue decreased the generation power of ankle, knee and hip joint and the absorption power of ankle and knee joints, whereas increased the absorption power of hip joint. Besides, the fatigue increased the normalized integrated sEMG (iEMG) and root-mean-square (RMS) of sEMG, and shifted the median frequency (MF) and mean power frequency (MPF) of sEMG toward lower frequencies. The results from the present study concluded that the muscle fatigue changed the kinematics, kinetics and muscle activities of lower limbs during gait, and then could increase the risk rate of occupational accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhou Yan
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Geng Liu
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Fei
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
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Gait balance control after fatigue: Effects of age and cognitive demand. Gait Posture 2022; 95:129-134. [PMID: 35487020 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a commonly mentioned symptom in older adults, and walking under the influence of fatigue frequently occurs in daily activities. Studies have reported individual effects from fatigue or cognitive demand on gait performance. However, the information on how fatigue and cognitive demand interact to affect gait balance control is still lacking. RESEARCH QUESTION How does fatigue affect walking balance control in young and older adults with and without performing a concurrent cognitive task? METHODS We collected and analyzed motion data from 17 young and 17 older adults, who performed over-ground walking with and without a concurrent working memory test, before and after been fatigued by performing repetitive sit-to-stand movements. Three-way ANOVAs were used for statistical analysis with Age (young and older adults), Fatigue (pre- and post-fatigue), and Task (single-task and dual-task) as factors. RESULTS From pre- to post-fatigue, an increased gait velocity was observed during dual-task walking regardless of age (p = .02). Only young adults demonstrated a significant increase in mediolateral center of mass displacement (M-L CoM) at post-fatigue (p = .019). Accuracies of the working memory test were not affected by Age, Task, or Fatigue. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings revealed that gait balance control, as measured by the M-L CoM, deteriorated post-fatigue in young adults. Older adults maintained their mediolateral body sway from pre-fatigue to post-fatigue. Fatigue effects were not further exacerbated during dual-task walking, and similar cognitive performance was maintained as performance fatigability increased.
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Inter-joint coordination variability during a sit-to-stand fatiguing protocol. J Biomech 2022; 138:111132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Esatbeyoglu F, Kin-İsler A, Peyré-Tartaruga LA. Examination of the Relationship Among Balance, Physical Activity, and Anthropometry in Athletes With Visual Impairments. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x211073584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Although it is well documented in the literature that individuals with visual impairments have low physical activity levels and impaired body compositions and postural controls compared with peers without vision loss, the relation between these parameters in athletes with visual impairments is unknown. Research Question Here, we (i) evaluated the physical activity levels, balance measures, and anthropometry parameters in athletes with visual impairments and peers without vision loss controls and (ii) compared these variables between the two groups. Methods We designed a retrospective observational study with parallel groups conducted on 33 athletes with visual impairments and 33 sighted controls matched for age and sex. We also utilized a questionnaire about physical activity levels and assessed static balance for 4 conditions (eyes-open firm surface, eyes-closed firm surface, eyes-open foam surface, and eyes-closed foam surface) and anthropometry. Results In athletes with visual impairments, body composition, body mass index (BMI), physical activity level, and static balance parameters revealed no significant relationship ( p > .05), whereas eyes-open and -closed firm and foam surface conditions were positively related with physical activity at a moderate level ( r = 0.39, r = 0.38, p < .05, respectively). Moderate-intensity and high-intensity physical activity was positively associated with fat-free mass ( r = 0.82, r = 0.68, p < .01, respectively) and negatively related with body mass, fat %, and fat mass ( r = −0.67, r = −0.52, r = −0.72, r = −0.66, r = −0.50, r = −0.50, p < .01, respectively). Athletes with visual impairments presented lower static balance than the sighted controls for three conditions, while eyes-closed foam surface scores were similar in both groups. The physical activity levels were higher for athletes with visual impairments ( p < .05). However, we found no difference in the body composition and BMI between two groups ( p > .05). Discussion Sports participation from individuals with visual impairments is related to higher physical activity levels, resulting in better anthropometric profile. The balance control was not related to physical activity levels in athletes with visual impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Sport Sciences and Technology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kin-İsler
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Lu Z, Sun D, Xu D, Li X, Baker JS, Gu Y. Gait Characteristics and Fatigue Profiles When Standing on Surfaces with Different Hardness: Gait Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithms. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111083. [PMID: 34827076 PMCID: PMC8615158 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The purpose of this study was to explore if an anti-fatigue soft mat could improve the gait performance after standing for long periods and to examine if a machine-learning algorithm could evaluate fatigue state objectively. Compared with standing directly on the hard ground, using an anti-fatigue mat could reduce the negative effect of standing for a long time (4 h). The machine-learning algorithm demonstrated moderate accuracy in measuring fatigue. The accuracy of gait parameters used to consider a non-fatigued state following the use of an anti-fatigue mat was higher than that of the fatigue state. The results may indicate that it is beneficial to use anti-fatigue mats when standing for long periods, and it is feasible to use gait parameters and machine-learning algorithms to detect fatigue. Abstract Background: Longtime standing may cause fatigue and discomfort in the lower extremities, leading to an increased risk of falls and related musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore, preventive interventions and fatigue detection are crucial. This study aims to explore whether anti-fatigue mats can improve gait parameters following long periods of standing and try to use machine learning algorithms to identify the fatigue states of standing workers objectively. Methods: Eighteen healthy young subjects were recruited to stand on anti-fatigue mats and hard ground to work 4 h, including 10 min rest. The portable gait analyzer collected walking speed, stride length, gait frequency, single support time/double support time, swing work, and leg fall intensity. A Paired sample t-test was used to compare the difference of gait parameters without standing intervention and standing on two different hardness planes for 4 h. An independent sample t-test was used to analyze the difference between males and females. The K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification algorithm was performed, the subject’s gait characteristics were divided into non-fatigued and fatigue groups. The gait parameters selection and the error rate of fatigue detection were analyzed. Results: When gender differences were not considered, the intensity of leg falling after standing on the hard ground for 4 h was significantly lower than prior to the intervention (p < 0.05). When considering the gender, the stride length and leg falling strength of female subjects standing on the ground for 4 h were significantly lower than those before the intervention (p < 0.05), and the leg falling strength after standing on the mat for 4 h was significantly lower than that recorded before the standing intervention (p < 0.05). The leg falling strength of male subjects standing on the ground for 4 h was significantly lower than before the intervention (p < 0.05). After standing on the ground for 4 h, female subjects’ walking speed and stride length were significantly lower than those of male subjects (p < 0.05). In addition, the accuracy of testing gait parameters to predict fatigue was medium (75%). After standing on the mat was divided into fatigue, the correct rate was 38.9%, and when it was divided into the non-intervention state, the correct rate was 44.4%. Conclusion: The results show that the discomfort and fatigue caused by standing for 4 h could lead to the gait parameters variation, especially in females. The use of anti-fatigue mats may improve the negative influence caused by standing for a long period. The results of the KNN classification algorithm showed that gait parameters could be identified after fatigue, and the use of an anti-fatigue mat could improve the negative effect of standing for a long time. The accuracy of the prediction results in this study was moderate. For future studies, researchers need to optimize the algorithm and include more factors to improve the prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Lu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.L.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Dong Sun
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.L.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Datao Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.L.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.L.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.L.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (Y.G.)
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Jones KS, Garcia NA. How Do People Perceive Other People’s Affordances, and How Might That Help Us Design Robots That Can Do So? ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2021.1965478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith S. Jones
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University
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Chaparro-Cárdenas SL, Castillo-Castañeda E, Lozano-Guzmán AA, Zequera M, Gallegos-Torres RM, Ramirez-Bautista JA. Characterization of muscle fatigue in the lower limb by sEMG and angular position using the WFD protocol. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Santos PCRD, Barbieri FA, Orcioli-Silva D, Beretta VS, Hortobágyi T, Gobbi LTB. Being physically active minimizes the effects of leg muscle fatigue on obstacle negotiation in people with Parkinson's disease. J Biomech 2021; 124:110568. [PMID: 34171679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) to adjust their gait to perturbations, including fatigue. Obstacle negotiation increases the risk of tripping and falling in PD. Being physically active can improve gait control and the ability to negotiate obstacles while walking under fatigue state. We thus determined the effects of Parkinson's disease, fatigue, and level of physical activity on gait during the approach to and crossing an obstacle during gait. Forty participants were stratified to people with Parkinson's disease active and inactive, and control individuals active and inactive. Participants walked on an 8 m walkway and stepped over an obstacle placed at the middle (4 m). They performed three trials before and after repeated sit-to-stand (rSTS)-induced fatigue state. Maximum voluntary force was assessed before and after rSTS. We measured the length, width, duration, and velocity of the approach (stride before obstacle) and crossing (step over the obstacle) phases and the leading and trailing placements and clearance during crossing phase. Fatigue trait was determined by multidimensional fatigue inventory. Before rSTS, people with Parkinson's disease inactive vs. other subgroups approached the obstacle using 18-28% shorter, wider and slower steps and crossed the obstacle slower (all p < 0.04). After rSTS, people with Parkinson's disease inactive increased (23-34%) stride length and velocity and decreased (-21%) the step width (p < 0.01). People with Parkinson's disease approached the obstacle similarly to control individuals. Physical activity minimizes Parkinson's disease-typical gait impairments during obstacle negotiation and affords a protective effect against fatigue-effects on obstacle negotiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Orcioli-Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Spiandor Beretta
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Esatbeyoglu F, Kin-İsler A. Gender differences in postural balance, physical activity level, BMI, and body composition in athletes with visual impairment. BRITISH JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/02646196211009921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the gender differences in postural balance, physical activity (PA), and body mass index (BMI) and body composition in visually impaired (VI) athletes. A total of 66 athletes took part in this study. After anthropometric measurements, the PA level was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. The modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance tool was used to assess postural balance in four standing conditions: (1) eyes-open on a firm surface, (2) eyes-closed on a firm surface, (3) eyes-open on a compliant surface, and (4) eyes closed on a compliant surface. Findings revealed gender differences in anthropometric measurements ( p < .05). No statistically significant differences were found in fat mass and fat free mass between sighted male and VI male athletes and between sighted female and VI female athletes ( p > .05). Weekly, high and moderate PA levels as well as walking were found to be different across the four groups ( p < .05). Assessment of postural balance in four standing conditions revealed no gender differences in sighted athletes ( p > .05). Postural balance scores in conditions 1 and 3 showed significant gender differences ( p < .05), whereas conditions 2 and 4 showed no gender differences in athletes with VI ( p > .05). Gender-matched differences were also apparent in conditions 1 and 3, revealing that VI male and female athletes scored worse in these conditions than their sighted male and female counterparts ( p < .05). There is a delay in balance parameter in VI athletes even if their fitness levels are similar with their sighted counterparts. The present findings could also be useful for gender-specific training session preparations in VI sports.
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Effects of triceps surae fatigue and weight training level on gait variability and local stability in young adults. Med Biol Eng Comput 2020; 58:1791-1802. [PMID: 32504344 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-020-02196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue negatively affects gait, and the changes in gait pattern due to muscle fatigue is influenced by which muscles are fatigued and pre-existing physical activity levels. However, how these factors alter gait stability and variability, measures related to risk of fall, remains unclear. To explore how muscular fatigue affects linear and nonlinear gait features in young adults, the effects of triceps surae fatigue and weight training level on gait variability and local stability, as well as a 12-min recovery time of post-fatigue period, were evaluated in young adults (trained and untrained groups). Some features were estimated, i.e., (i) step length (SL) and step frequency (SF), (ii) average standard deviation of trunk acceleration along strides (VAR), and (iii) local dynamic stability (LDS; maximum Lyapunov exponent). LDS presented a significant increase in the anterior-posterior direction with recovery to trained group. SL and SF changed immediately post-fatigue and recovered for both groups, while VAR increased significantly in all directions, with a recovery in the vertical direction for both groups and in the medial-lateral direction for trained group. Localized fatigue affected the analyzed gait variables independent of the participant's training condition, and an interval of 12 min does not seem to be enough for a complete recovery, suggesting a longer recovery period after tasks involving localized triceps surae fatigue to guarantee basal levels of gait variability and local stability. Graphical abstract Flow chart of the experimental protocol. A) Pre-fatigue: 4 min walking at PWS. B) Post-fatigue: first 4 min walking after fatigue protocol. C) Post-fatigue: second 4 min walking after fatigue protocol. D) Post-fatigue: third 4 min walking after fatigue protocol (PWS, preferred walking speed; AP, anterior-posterior; V, vertical; ML, medial-lateral).
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Postural control in karate practitioners: Does practice make perfect? Gait Posture 2020; 77:218-224. [PMID: 32059140 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Karate training likely leads to enhanced postural control, however, previous studies did not always include a healthy, physically active comparison group and the findings are inconsistent. RESEARCH QUESTION Will the postural control of experienced karate practitioners be better than that of experienced swimmers, i.e., athletes with similar characteristics who do not practice under conditions that require upright postural control? METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 20 experienced, male karate practitioners and 20 experienced, male swimmers, ages 20-50, performed four standing postural control tasks of increasing difficulty: (a) two-legged stance with eyes open; (b) one-legged stance with eyes open; (c) one-legged stance with eyes closed, and (d) a dual-task, one-legged stance with eyes closed and a verbal fluency challenge. The primary outcome measure was a functional, behavioral measure that reflects the loss of balance. Specifically, in tasks that included one-legged stance, every touch of the raised foot to the floor was counted. Center-of-gravity movements were measured using a wearable sensor. RESULTS Task-related differences were seen in all of the postural control measures. In the OneLegEyesClosed task, the median number of touches was 0.00 in the karate group and 6.50 in the swimming group (p < 0.001). In the OneLegEyesClosedWords task, the median number of touches was 0.00 in the karate group and 5.00 in the swimming group (p < 0.001). Shannon entropy, a measure of the complexity of the sway of the center-of-gravity, was lower in the karate group (p = 0.002), compared to the swimmers. SIGNIFICANCE Karate training is associated with a higher level of postural control, even when compared to a physically active age-matched comparison group. In addition to supporting the specificity of exercise training principle, these findings raise the intriguing possibility that karate may be useful as a form of pre-habilitation, potentially aiding in the prevention of age-associated declines in balance control.
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Moon J, Pathak P, Kim S, Roh SG, Roh C, Shim Y, Ahn J. Shoes with active insoles mitigate declines in balance after fatigue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1951. [PMID: 32029789 PMCID: PMC7004992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue can induce postural instability and even lead to falls. However, most current methods to delay or reduce fatigue require long preparatory time, or large and expensive equipment. We propose a convenient method to alleviate postural instability due to fatigue. We paid attention to that fatigue and aging share similar neurophysiological deterioration of sensory-motor function. Considering that stochastic resonance via sub-sensory mechanical vibration increases postural stability in the elderly, we propose that sub-sensory insole vibration reduces the negative effect of fatigue on postural control. We performed experiments with 21 young and healthy adult participants, and demonstrated that insole vibration compensates for the loss of balance ability due to fatigue. The sub-sensory insole vibration restored both the area of center of pressure and the complexity of the time series of the motor output after fatigue to the pre-fatigue levels. The insole units generating the vibration were completely concealed in shoes and controlled by a smart phone. This compact implementation contrasts with the cumbersome procedure of current solutions to fatigue-induced postural instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongin Moon
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Prabhat Pathak
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudeok Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Gon Roh
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Roh
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbo Shim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooeun Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ryew CC, Lee AR, Hyun SH. The relationship between ground reaction force components and peak power according to induced fatigue during 16-km walking. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:731-735. [PMID: 31723564 PMCID: PMC6834698 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938378.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The previous reviewed studies on inducement of fatigue through long-time walking were not only very confined, but also not cleared on relationship among variables of fatigue inducement active force, decay rate, and power. This study analyzed relationship between power and component of ground reaction force after fatigue being induced through 16-km walking. The fatigue of adult males and females (n=16) was induced through 16-km walking. Then power, measured for pre and post of fatigue inducement, was evaluated by maximal vertical jump on ground reaction force plate. Variables of vertical jump heights, active force, power, and decay rate showed decreased tendency after fatigue inducement, which followed significant difference (P<0.05) and also positive correlation of r=0.628 (R2=39%) of between vertical jump heights and power and r=0.589 (R2=34%) of between active force and decay rate respectively. That is, long-time walking for pursuing of exercise rehabilitation, health promotion and leisure activity has been preferred. In the view of this, this study suggested the necessity to understand the relation between fatigue and power to prevent a potential possibility of injury during long-time walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Cheong Ryew
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Ae-Ri Lee
- Department of Leisure Sports Majors, Jeju Tourism College, Jeju, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Hyun
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
- Corresponding author: Seung-Hyun Hyun, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6348-6413, Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea, E-mail:
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Richer N, Bisson EJ, Bilodeau M, Paquet N, Lajoie Y. Effect of Bilateral and Unilateral Plantarflexor Muscle Fatigue on Blind Navigation Precision and Gait Parameters. J Mot Behav 2019; 52:41-49. [PMID: 30794083 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2019.1576157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the impact of bilateral and unilateral fatigue of the plantarflexor muscles on blind navigation. Thirty-eight young adults walked 8-m without vision before fatigue (pre-fatigue), then fatigued either one or both of their plantarflexor muscles by performing isometric contractions. After each fatigue, two blind navigation trials were performed (post-fatigue trials 1 and 2). Results revealed no effect of bilateral muscle fatigue on navigation precision and gait parameters. Unilateral muscle fatigue led to longer linear distance travelled during post-fatigue trial 2 compared to pre-fatigue and to a change in angular deviation between pre- and post-fatigue. In general, results suggest that participants were able to make adaptive changes to counter muscle fatigue during blind navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Richer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne J Bisson
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Bilodeau
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Paquet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yves Lajoie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Batistela RA, Oates A, Moraes R. Haptic information provided by anchors and the presence of cognitive tasks contribute separately to reducing postural sway in young adults. Gait Posture 2019; 68:213-219. [PMID: 30517906 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haptic information provided by the anchors reduces postural sway while standing upright. It is unclear whether this benefit would remain in the presence of cognitive tasks combined with a more challenging postural task. RESEARCH QUESTION Our aim was to investigate the effects of the anchors and visual and auditory cognitive tasks on postural control in young adults in a challenging balancing task. METHODS Twenty young adults stood upright on a balance beam with the central portion of each foot placed over the beam and feet at shoulder width without and with the use of the anchors in three cognitive conditions: control, visual Stroop task, and auditory digit-monitoring task. Each anchor consisted of a flexible cable with a light load (125 g) attached at one end of the cable. With the anchors, the participants held the flexible cable in each hand with the light load resting on the ground while keeping tension in the cable. RESULTS Both visual and auditory cognitive tasks reduced the center of pressure (COP) ellipse area, the root mean square of the margin of dynamic stability (based on the extrapolated center of mass, COM) and increased the COM time-to-contact relative to the boundaries of the base of support in the AP direction. The anchors reduced the COP ellipse area. SIGNIFICANCE There is a functional integration between postural control and cognitive tasks, such that postural sway was reduced to facilitate the execution of the cognitive tasks. Anchors were effective in reducing postural sway, suggesting that haptic information was able to benefit postural control in a challenging balancing task regardless of the cognitive task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Alice Batistela
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alison Oates
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Renato Moraes
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kesler RM, Bradley FF, Deetjen GS, Angelini MJ, Petrucci MN, Rosengren KS, Horn GP, Hsiao-Wecksler ET. Impact of SCBA size and fatigue from different firefighting work cycles on firefighter gait. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:1208-1215. [PMID: 29569521 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1450999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Risk of slips, trips and falls in firefighters maybe influenced by the firefighter's equipment and duration of firefighting. This study examined the impact of a four self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) three SCBA of increasing size and a prototype design and three work cycles one bout (1B), two bouts with a five-minute break (2B) and two bouts back-to-back (BB) on gait in 30 firefighters. Five gait parameters (double support time, single support time, stride length, step width and stride velocity) were examined pre- and post-firefighting activity. The two largest SCBA resulted in longer double support times relative to the smallest SCBA. Multiple bouts of firefighting activity resulted in increased single and double support time and decreased stride length, step width and stride velocity. These results suggest that with larger SCBA or longer durations of activity, firefighters may adopt more conservative gait patterns to minimise fall risk. Practitioner Summary: The effects of four self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and three work cycles on five gait parameters were examined pre- and post-firefighting activity. Both SCBA size and work cycle affected gait. The two largest SCBA resulted in longer double support times. Multiple bouts of activity resulted in more conservative gait patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Kesler
- a Illinois Fire Service Institute , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign , IL , USA
| | - Faith F Bradley
- b Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Grace S Deetjen
- b Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Michael J Angelini
- c Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Matthew N Petrucci
- c Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
- d Neuroscience Program , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Karl S Rosengren
- e Department of Psychology , University of Wisconsin Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Gavin P Horn
- a Illinois Fire Service Institute , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign , IL , USA
- c Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Elizabeth T Hsiao-Wecksler
- b Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
- c Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
- d Neuroscience Program , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
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26
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Baghdadi A, Megahed FM, Esfahani ET, Cavuoto LA. A machine learning approach to detect changes in gait parameters following a fatiguing occupational task. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:1116-1129. [PMID: 29452575 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1442936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a method for classifying non-fatigued vs. fatigued states following manual material handling. A method of template matching pattern recognition for feature extraction ($1 Recognizer) along with the support vector machine model for classification were applied on the kinematics of gait cycles segmented by our stepwise search-based segmentation algorithm. A single inertial measurement unit on the ankle was used, providing a minimally intrusive and inexpensive tool for monitoring. The classifier distinguished between states using distance-based scores from the recogniser and the step duration. The results of fatigue detection showed an accuracy of 90% across data from 20 recruited subjects. This method utilises the minimum amount of data and features from only one low-cost sensor to reliably classify the state of fatigue induced by a realistic manufacturing task using a simple machine learning algorithm that can be extended to real-time fatigue monitoring as a future technology to be employed in the manufacturing facilities. Practitioner Summary: We examined the use of a wearable sensor for the detection of fatigue-related changes in gait based on a simulated manual material handling task. Classification based on foot acceleration and position trajectories resulted in 90% accuracy. This method provides a practical framework for predicting realistic levels of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Baghdadi
- a Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
- b Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Fadel M Megahed
- c Farmer School of Business , Miami University , Oxford , OH , USA
| | - Ehsan T Esfahani
- b Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Lora A Cavuoto
- a Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
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Park SW, Son SM, Lee NK. Exercise-induced muscle fatigue in the unaffected knee joint and its influence on postural control and lower limb kinematics in stroke patients. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:765-769. [PMID: 28616033 PMCID: PMC5461614 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.206647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise-induced muscle fatigue in the unaffected knee joint on postural control and kinematic changes in stroke patients. Forty participants (20 stroke patients, 20 age-matched healthy participants) were recruited. To induce fatigue, maximum voluntary isometric contractions were performed in the unaffected knee joint in a Leg Extension Rehab exercise machine using the pneumatic resistance. We measured static and dynamic balance and lower-limb kinematics during gait. Changes in postural control parameters anteroposterior sway speed and total center of pressure distance differed significantly between the stroke and control groups. In addition, changes in gait kinematic parameters knee and ankle angles of initial contact differed significantly between stroke (paretic and non-paretic) and control groups. Muscle fatigue in the unaffected knee and ankle impaired postural control and debilitates kinematic movement of ipsilateral and contralateral lower limbs, and may place the fatigued stroke patients at greater risk for falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Wook Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, Kyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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Variability in Obstacle Clearance May (Not) Indicate Cognitive Disorders in Alzheimer Disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2016; 29:307-11. [PMID: 25291460 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate obstacle clearance and its variability in individuals with Alzheimer dementia (AD) as well as healthy elderly individuals while they approached and crossed an obstacle in their path. Fifteen people with AD and 15 age-matched/sex-matched healthy individuals (control group) participated in this study. Clinical assessment of both groups was performed by a neuropsychiatrist. Spatial-temporal parameters of 5 trials of unobstructed walking and 5 trials of obstacle crossing during walking (approach and crossing phases) were measured using a 3-dimensional optoelectronic system. The results indicated that individuals with AD showed higher variability in the approach phase for stride length and the horizontal distance from their trailing limb foot to the obstacle. However, their gait variability in the crossing phase was similar to the control group. In addition, the individuals with AD were found to walk slowly and with a short stride length in both conditions. In conclusion, individuals with AD had increased gait variability while approaching an obstacle during walking, indicating a deficit in planning to avoid obstacles that could be related to cognitive disorders. However, gait variability during the crossing phase may not be indicative of cognitive disorders in AD.
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Bryanton MA, Bilodeau M. Postural stability with exhaustive repetitive sit-to-stand exercise in young adults. Hum Mov Sci 2016; 49:47-53. [PMID: 27322948 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that muscle fatigue due to repeated bouts of physical activity can have negative residual effects on balance; however investigations using multi-joint forms of exercise involved in everyday settings and determination of how control of posture is altered during the physical activity itself are limited. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate alterations in postural stability before, during, and after prolonged multi-joint STS exercise in healthy young adults. Center of pressure (COP) acquisitions were collected during repetitive STS exercise, while voluntary limits of stability (LOS) testing was performed before, immediately after, and 10min after STS exercise. By 50% total STS exercise time, fatigue resulted in increased anterio-posterior (y) and medio-lateral (x) COP path lengths (p=0.003 and p=0.018 respectively) and an anterior shift of COP at seat-off towards the mid-foot (p=0.010). No significant change in LOS mean amplitude was found after STS exercise; however a significant fatigue effect resulted in increased COPy sway velocity at maximal lean positions (p=0.006), but returned to PRE values after 10min of rest. Declines in postural stability during repetitive STS exercise was associated with reduced control of COP, as well as a reduced ability to stably control COP at extreme postural limits; however, 10min was adequate in young adults for recovery. These results may have important implications for monitoring fall risk due to acute bouts of exercise induced muscle fatigue from repetitive multi-joint activities such as the STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Bryanton
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada; Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyère Research Institute, ON, Canada.
| | - Martin Bilodeau
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada; Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyère Research Institute, ON, Canada
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30
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Santos PCR, Gobbi LTB, Orcioli-Silva D, Simieli L, van Dieën JH, Barbieri FA. Effects of leg muscle fatigue on gait in patients with Parkinson's disease and controls with high and low levels of daily physical activity. Gait Posture 2016; 47:86-91. [PMID: 27264409 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are more susceptible to muscle fatigue, which can damage their gait. Physical activity can improve muscle condition, which is an important aspect during walking. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of lower limb muscle fatigue on gait in patients with PD and healthy individuals, grouped according to physical activity level. Twenty Patients with PD (PD group) and 20 matched individuals (control group) were distributed according to physical activity level into four subgroups of ten individuals (active and inactive). Participants performed three walking trials before and after lower limb muscle fatigue, induced by a repeated sit-to-stand task on a chair. Kinematic (stride length, width, duration, velocity and percentage of time in double support) and kinetic (propulsive and breaking anterior-posterior and medio-lateral impulse) gait parameters were analyzed. In both groups, participants increased stride length and velocity and decreased stride duration and braking vertical impulse after lower limb muscle fatigue. The PD groups presented higher step width and percentage of double time support than the control groups before muscle fatigue. The control groups increased step width and decreased percentage of time in double support, while the PD groups did not change these parameters. For physical activity level, active individuals presented longer stride length, greater stride velocity, higher braking and propulsive anterior-posterior impulse and shorter step width than inactive individuals. Groups sought more balance and safety after lower limb muscle fatigue. Physical activity level does not appear to modify the effects of lower limb muscle fatigue during unobstructed walking in individuals with PD or controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucas Simieli
- UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista at Rio Claro - LEPLO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista at Rio Claro - LEPLO, São Paulo, Brazil; UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista at Bauru - UNESP - LIVIA, São Paulo, Brazil
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Barbieri FA, Beretta SS, Pereira VAI, Simieli L, Orcioli-Silva D, dos Santos PCR, van Dieën JH, Gobbi LTB. Recovery of gait after quadriceps muscle fatigue. Gait Posture 2016; 43:270-4. [PMID: 26531768 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recovery time after quadriceps muscle fatigue on gait in young adults. Forty young adults (20-40 years old) performed three 8-m gait trials at preferred velocity before and after muscle fatigue, and after 5, 10 and 20min of passive rest. In addition, at each time point, two maximal isometric voluntary contractions were preformed. Muscle fatigue was induced by repeated sit-to-stand transfers until task failure. Spatio-temporal, kinetic and muscle activity parameters, measured in the central stride of each trial, were analyzed. Data were compared between before and after the muscle fatigue protocol and after the recovery periods by one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The voluntary force was decreased after the fatigue protocol (p<0.001) and after 5, 10 and 20min of recovery compared to before the fatigue protocol. Step width (p<0.001) and RMS of biceps femoris (p<0.05) were increased immediately after the fatigue protocol and remained increased after the recovery periods. In addition, stride duration was decreased immediately after the fatigue protocol compared to before and to after 10 and 20min of rest (p<0.001). The anterior-posterior propulsive impulse was also decreased after the fatigue protocol (p<0.001) and remained low after 5, 10 and 20min of rest. We conclude that 20min is not enough to see full recovery of gait after exhaustive quadriceps muscle fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- Univ Estadual Paulista, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory, Rio Claro, Brazil; Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Information, Vision, and Action, Bauru, Brazil.
| | | | - Vinicius A I Pereira
- Univ Estadual Paulista, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory, Rio Claro, Brazil; Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Information, Vision, and Action, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simieli
- Univ Estadual Paulista, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Diego Orcioli-Silva
- Univ Estadual Paulista, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | | | - Jaap H van Dieën
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Miranda DL, Hsu WH, Petersen K, Fitzgibbons S, Niemi J, Lesniewski-Laas N, Walsh CJ. Sensory Enhancing Insoles Modify Gait during Inclined Treadmill Walking with Load. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 48:860-8. [PMID: 26606273 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inclined walking while carrying a loaded backpack induces fatigue, which may destabilize gait and lead to injury. Stochastic resonance (SR) technology has been used to stabilize spatiotemporal gait characteristics of elderly individuals but has not been tested on healthy recreational athletes. Herein, we determined if sustained vigorous walking on an inclined surface while carrying a load destabilizes gait and if SR has a further effect. METHODS Participants were fitted with a backpack weighing 30% of their body weight and asked to walk at a constant self-selected pace while their feet were tracked using an optical motion capture system. Their shoes were fitted with SR insoles that were set at 90% of the participant's sensory threshold. The treadmill incline was increased every 5 min until volitional exhaustion after which the treadmill was returned to a level grade. SR stimulation was turned ON and OFF in a pairwise random fashion throughout the protocol. Spatiotemporal gait characteristics were calculated when SR was ON and OFF for the BASELINE period, the MAX perceived exertion period, and the POST period. RESULTS Vigorous activity increases variability in the rhythmic stepping (stride time and stride length) and balance control (double support time and stride width) mechanisms of gait. Overall, SR increased stride width variability by 9% before, during, and after a fatiguing exercise. CONCLUSION The increased stride time and stride length variability may compromise the stability of gait during and after vigorous walking. However, participants may compensate by increasing double support time and stride width variability to maintain their stability under these adverse conditions. Furthermore, applying SR resulted in an additional increase of stride width variability and may potentially improve balance before, during, and after adverse walking conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Miranda
- 1Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA; 2School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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33
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Qu X. Effects of lower-limb muscular fatigue on stair gait. J Biomech 2015; 48:4059-4064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nagano H, James L, Sparrow WA, Begg RK. Effects of walking-induced fatigue on gait function and tripping risks in older adults. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2014; 11:155. [PMID: 25399324 PMCID: PMC4253993 DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-11-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue and ageing contribute to impaired control of walking and are linked to falls. In this project, fatigue was induced by maximum speed walking to examine fatigue effects on lower limb trajectory control and associated tripping risk and overall gait functions of older adults. METHODS Eleven young (18-35 years) and eleven older adults (>65 years) conducted 5-minute preferred speed treadmill walking prior to and following 6-minute maximum fast walking. Spatio-temporal gait parameters and minimum foot clearance (MFC) were obtained. Maximal muscle strength (hamstrings and quadriceps) was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) assessed physiological effort and subjective fatigue. Physiological Cost Index computed walking efficiency. RESULTS Fatigue due to fast walking increased step length, double support time and variability of step width. Only older adults reduced MFC due to fatigue. A trend of longer double support with greater MFC was found in the non-dominant limb. Lower walking efficiency was characterised as the ageing effect. Older adults did not increase HR during fast walking but higher RPE scores were observed. CONCLUSIONS Older adults can increase tripping risk by 6 minutes of fast walking possibly by both impaired walking efficiency based on cardiac capacity and higher perceived fatigue due to elevated caution level. Regardless of age, increased step width variability due to fatigue was observed, a sign of impaired balance. Longer double support and greater MFC observed in the older adults' non-dominant limb could be an asymmetrical gait adaptation for safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rezaul K Begg
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Ballarat Rd,, Footscray, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Toebes MJP, Hoozemans MJM, Dekker J, van Dieën JH. Effects of unilateral leg muscle fatigue on balance control in perturbed and unperturbed gait in healthy elderly. Gait Posture 2014; 40:215-9. [PMID: 24768117 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.03.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed effects of unilateral leg muscle fatigue (ULMF) on balance control in gait during the stance and swing phases of the fatigued leg in healthy elderly, to test the assumption that leg muscle strength limits balance control during the stance-phase. Ten subjects (aged 63.4, SD 5.5 years) walked on a treadmill in 4 conditions: unperturbed unfatigued, unperturbed fatigued, perturbed unfatigued, and perturbed fatigued. The perturbations were lateral trunk pulls just before contralateral heel contact. ULMF was evoked by unilateral squat exercise until task failure. Isometric knee extension strength was measured to verify the presence of muscle fatigue. Between-stride standard deviations and Lyapunov exponents of trunk kinematics were used as indicators of balance control. Required perturbation force and the deviation of trunk kinematics from unperturbed gait were used to assess perturbation responses. Knee extension strength decreased considerably (17.3% SD 8.6%) as a result ULMF. ULMF did not affect steady-state gait balance. Less force was required to perturb subjects when the fatigued leg was in the stance-phase compared to the swing-phase. Subjects showed a faster return to the unperturbed gait pattern in the fatigued than in the unfatigued condition, after perturbations in swing and stance of the fatigued leg. The results of this study are not in line with the hypothesized effects of leg muscle fatigue on balance in gait. The healthy elderly subjects were able to cope with substantial ULMF during steady-state gait and demonstrated faster balance recovery after laterally directed mechanical perturbations in the fatigued than in the unfatigued condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel J P Toebes
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco J M Hoozemans
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost Dekker
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, The Netherlands.
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Barbieri FA, dos Santos PCR, Simieli L, Orcioli-Silva D, van Dieën JH, Gobbi LTB. Interactions of age and leg muscle fatigue on unobstructed walking and obstacle crossing. Gait Posture 2014; 39:985-90. [PMID: 24440157 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Older adults commonly report muscle fatigue, which may be associated with reduced walking ability. Elderly may have insufficient awareness of the balance threat caused by muscle fatigue. The aim of this study was to analyze the interaction effects of aging and leg muscle fatigue on gait parameters in walking and obstacle crossing. One hundred and twenty men, who were divided in six groups according to their age (20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, above 70 years), participated in this study. Participants performed three trials of unobstructed level ground walking and obstacle crossing during walking before and after quadriceps muscle fatigue. To induce fatigue, participants performed a repeated sit-to-stand task from a chair with arms across the chest to a pre-determined cadence (30 cycles/min) using a metronome. Spatial-temporal gait parameters (stride length, duration, and speed, step width, and trailing and leading heel-clearance) were analyzed, and compared by two-way ANOVA (group and fatigue). The results confirmed our hypothesis, showing age-related effects of leg muscles fatigue in both gait conditions. From 40 years old, participants modulated spatial-temporal and vertical impulses in both tasks more in response to fatigue than younger participants, apparently to improve balance and safety. Leg muscle fatigue caused age-dependent changes in both unobstructed level ground walking and obstacle crossing during walking, which appeared to reflect an attempt to maintain balance and safety, probably to counteract adverse fatigue effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- UNESP - São Paulo State University at Rio Claro - LEPLO, São Paulo, Brazil; MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Lucas Simieli
- UNESP - São Paulo State University at Rio Claro - LEPLO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jaap H van Dieën
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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