1
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Steinberg DJ, Aqeilan RI. WWOX-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Models and Future Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113082. [PMID: 34831305 PMCID: PMC8623516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene was originally discovered as a putative tumor suppressor spanning the common fragile site FRA16D, but as time has progressed the extent of its pleiotropic function has become apparent. At present, WWOX is a major source of interest in the context of neurological disorders, and more specifically developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). This review article aims to introduce the many model systems used through the years to study its function and roles in neuropathies. Similarities and fundamental differences between rodent and human models are discussed. Finally, future perspectives and promising research avenues are suggested.
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2
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Moustaqil M, Gambin Y, Sierecki E. Biophysical Techniques for Target Validation and Drug Discovery in Transcription-Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2301. [PMID: 32225120 PMCID: PMC7178067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-genome era, pathologies become associated with specific gene expression profiles and defined molecular lesions can be identified. The traditional therapeutic strategy is to block the identified aberrant biochemical activity. However, an attractive alternative could aim at antagonizing key transcriptional events underlying the pathogenesis, thereby blocking the consequences of a disorder, irrespective of the original biochemical nature. This approach, called transcription therapy, is now rendered possible by major advances in biophysical technologies. In the last two decades, techniques have evolved to become key components of drug discovery platforms, within pharmaceutical companies as well as academic laboratories. This review outlines the current biophysical strategies for transcription manipulation and provides examples of successful applications. It also provides insights into the future development of biophysical methods in drug discovery and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Moustaqil
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | | | - Emma Sierecki
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
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3
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Novosadova EV, Nenasheva VV, Makarova IV, Dolotov OV, Inozemtseva LS, Arsenyeva EL, Chernyshenko SV, Sultanov RI, Illarioshkin SN, Grivennikov IA, Tarantul VZ. Parkinson's Disease-Associated Changes in the Expression of Neurotrophic Factors and their Receptors upon Neuronal Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:514-521. [PMID: 31820346 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative pathology resulting from the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) and their receptors are key regulators of the survival, differentiation, and development of neurons. However, the role of these factors in the pathogenesis of PD is still unclear. Here, we analyzed the expression of NTFs and their receptors in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from the fibroblasts of patients with PD and healthy donors (HDs). Four PD-derived iPSC lines with different mutations and three cell lines from HDs at different stages of neuronal differentiation were used for RT-qPCR analysis and ELISA. We found that the mRNA levels of most analyzed genes were altered in PD-derived cells compared with those in HD-derived cells at all stages. Importantly, irrespective of PD-associated mutations, the mRNA levels of the BDNF and GDNF genes were mostly increased or unchanged in predominantly DA terminally differentiated neurons (TDNs) compared with those in HD-derived cells. Strikingly, in contrast to BDNF and GDNF mRNA levels, BDNF and GDNF protein levels were lower in almost all PD-derived TDNs than in HD-derived cells, thus indicating the dysregulation of NTF expression at the post-transcriptional level. We suggest that this dysregulation is one of the important signs of PD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Novosadova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Nenasheva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Dolotov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - L S Inozemtseva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E L Arsenyeva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - R I Sultanov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - I A Grivennikov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Z Tarantul
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Trounson AO, French AJ. Challenges and ethical considerations for using cloned primates for human brain discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:1071-1074. [PMID: 30360661 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1540585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan O Trounson
- a Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
| | - Andrew J French
- a Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Monash University , Clayton , Australia.,b Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Animal Biotechnology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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5
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Grandy R, Tomaz RA, Vallier L. Modeling Disease with Human Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 14:449-468. [PMID: 30355153 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the physiopathology of disease remains an essential step in developing novel therapeutics. Although animal models have certainly contributed to advancing this enterprise, their limitation in modeling all the aspects of complex human disorders is one of the major challenges faced by the biomedical research field. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from patients represent a great opportunity to overcome this deficiency because these cells cover the genetic diversity needed to fully model human diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the history of hiPSC technology and discuss common challenges and approaches that we and others have faced when using hiPSCs to model disease. Our emphasis is on liver disease, and consequently, we review the progress made using this technology to produce functional liver cells in vitro and how these systems are being used to recapitulate a diversity of developmental, metabolic, genetic, and infectious liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Grandy
- Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom; .,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rute A Tomaz
- Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom; .,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom; .,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
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6
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Li YC, Zhu K, Young TH. Induced pluripotent stem cells, form in vitro tissue engineering to in vivo allogeneic transplantation. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:455-459. [PMID: 28449443 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.02.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Hu L, Du L, Zhao Y, Li W, Ouyang Q, Zhou D, Lu G, Lin G. Modeling Glanzmann thrombasthenia using patient specific iPSCs and restoring platelet aggregation function by CD41 overexpression. Stem Cell Res 2017; 20:14-20. [PMID: 28232155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare monogenic hemorrhagic disorder involving aggregation defect of non-nuclear platelets. In this study we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from skin fibroblasts of a GT patient with complex heterogeneous mutations of ITGA2B gene. GT-iPSCs could be successfully differentiated into platelets (GT-iPS-platelets). GT-iPS-platelets were CD41-/CD42b+/CD61- and were platelet activation marker (PAC-1) negative after adenosine diphosphate (ADP) activation. Furthermore, GT-iPS-platelets were defective in platelet aggregation tests in vitro. Moreover, exogenous expression of the wild-type ITGA2B gene in GT-iPS platelets restored CD41 expression and normal platelet aggregation. Our study suggested that patient-specific iPSCs could be a potential target of stem cell based gene therapy for platelet diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qi Ouyang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, China.
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8
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Sandor C, Robertson P, Lang C, Heger A, Booth H, Vowles J, Witty L, Bowden R, Hu M, Cowley SA, Wade-Martins R, Webber C. Transcriptomic profiling of purified patient-derived dopamine neurons identifies convergent perturbations and therapeutics for Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:552-566. [PMID: 28096185 PMCID: PMC5409122 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies enable the study of inaccessible patient cell types, cellular heterogeneity can confound the comparison of gene expression profiles between iPSC-derived cell lines. Here, we purified iPSC-derived human dopaminergic neurons (DaNs) using the intracellular marker, tyrosine hydroxylase. Once purified, the transcriptomic profiles of iPSC-derived DaNs appear remarkably similar to profiles obtained from mature post-mortem DaNs. Comparison of the profiles of purified iPSC-derived DaNs derived from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients carrying LRRK2 G2019S variants to controls identified significant functional convergence amongst differentially-expressed (DE) genes. The PD LRRK2-G2019S associated profile was positively matched with expression changes induced by the Parkinsonian neurotoxin rotenone and opposed by those induced by clioquinol, a compound with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in multiple PD models. No functional convergence amongst DE genes was observed following a similar comparison using non-purified iPSC-derived DaN-containing populations, with cellular heterogeneity appearing a greater confound than genotypic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Sandor
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Robertson
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charmaine Lang
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Heger
- MRC Computational Genomics Analysis and Training Program, MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather Booth
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane Vowles
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lorna Witty
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Bowden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michele Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sally A. Cowley
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Mouka A, Izard V, Tachdjian G, Brisset S, Yates F, Mayeur A, Drévillon L, Jarray R, Leboulch P, Maouche-Chrétien L, Tosca L. Induced pluripotent stem cell generation from a man carrying a complex chromosomal rearrangement as a genetic model for infertility studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39760. [PMID: 28045072 PMCID: PMC5206619 DOI: 10.1038/srep39760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in human reproductive biology, the cause of male infertility often remains unknown, due to the lack of appropriate and convenient in vitro models of meiosis. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from the cells of infertile patients could provide a gold standard model for generating primordial germ cells and studying their development and the process of spermatogenesis. We report the characterization of a complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) in an azoospermic patient, and the successful generation of specific-iPSCs from PBMC-derived erythroblasts. The CCR was characterized by karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization and oligonucleotide-based array-comparative genomic hybridization. The CCR included five breakpoints and was caused by the inverted insertion of a chromosome 12 segment into the short arm of one chromosome 7 and a pericentric inversion of the structurally rearranged chromosome 12. Gene mapping of the breakpoints led to the identification of a candidate gene, SYCP3. Erythroblasts from the patient were reprogrammed with Sendai virus vectors to generate iPSCs. We assessed iPSC pluripotency by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining and teratoma induction. The generation of specific-iPSCs from patients with a CCR provides a valuable in vitro genetic model for studying the mechanisms by which chromosomal abnormalities alter meiosis and germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Mouka
- AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92140, Clamart, France.,Université Paris-Sud, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
| | - Vincent Izard
- AP-HP, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92140, Clamart, France
| | - Gérard Tachdjian
- AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92140, Clamart, France.,Université Paris-Sud, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
| | - Sophie Brisset
- AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92140, Clamart, France.,Université Paris-Sud, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
| | - Frank Yates
- Sup'Biotech Villejuif 94800, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), SEPIA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne Mayeur
- AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92140, Clamart, France
| | - Loïc Drévillon
- AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92140, Clamart, France
| | - Rafika Jarray
- Sup'Biotech Villejuif 94800, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), SEPIA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Leboulch
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses; UMR-E 007, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay; INSERM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Leila Maouche-Chrétien
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses; UMR-E 007, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay; INSERM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Tosca
- AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92140, Clamart, France.,Université Paris-Sud, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
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10
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Parfitt DA, Lane A, Ramsden C, Jovanovic K, Coffey PJ, Hardcastle AJ, Cheetham ME. Using induced pluripotent stem cells to understand retinal ciliopathy disease mechanisms and develop therapies. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:1245-1251. [PMID: 27911706 PMCID: PMC5238943 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The photoreceptor cells in the retina have a highly specialised sensory cilium, the outer segment (OS), which is important for detecting light. Mutations in cilia-related genes often result in retinal degeneration. The ability to reprogramme human cells into induced pluripotent stem cells and then differentiate them into a wide range of different cell types has revolutionised our ability to study human disease. To date, however, the challenge of producing fully differentiated photoreceptors in vitro has limited the application of this technology in studying retinal degeneration. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in stem cell technology and photoreceptor differentiation. In particular, the development of photoreceptors with rudimentary OS that can be used to understand disease mechanisms and as an important model to test potential new therapies for inherited retinal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Parfitt
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Amelia Lane
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Conor Ramsden
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | | | - Peter J. Coffey
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
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11
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Lee J, Jung SM, Ebert AD, Wu H, Diecke S, Kim Y, Yi H, Park SH, Ju JH. Generation of Functional Cardiomyocytes from the Synoviocytes of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis via Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32669. [PMID: 27609119 PMCID: PMC5016736 DOI: 10.1038/srep32669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This study aimed to generate and characterise cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of RA patients. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA) were successfully reprogrammed into RA-iPSCs and OA-iPSCs, respectively. The pluripotency of iPSCs was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining. Established iPSCs were differentiated into cardiomyocytes using a small molecule-based monolayer differentiation protocol. Within 12 days of cardiac differentiation from patient-specific and control-iPSCs, spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) were observed. All iPSC-CMs exhibited a reliable sarcomeric structure stained with antibodies against cardiac markers and similar expression profiles of cardiac-specific genes. Intracellular calcium signalling was recorded to compare calcium-handling properties among cardiomyocytes differentiated from the three groups of iPSCs. RA-iPSC-CMs had a lower amplitude and a shorter duration of calcium transients than the control groups. Peak tangential stress and the maximum contractile rate were also decreased in RA-iPSC-CMs, suggesting that contractility was reduced. This study demonstrates the successful generation of functional cardiomyocytes from pathogenic synovial cells in RA patients through iPSC reprogramming. Research using RA-iPSC-CMs might provide an opportunity to investigate the pathophysiology of cardiac involvement in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaecheol Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Seung Min Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Antje D Ebert
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Haodi Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Youngkyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyoju Yi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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High-Fidelity Reprogrammed Human IPSCs Have a High Efficacy of DNA Repair and Resemble hESCs in Their MYC Transcriptional Signature. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3826249. [PMID: 27688775 PMCID: PMC5023833 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3826249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are reprogrammed from adult or progenitor somatic cells and must make substantial adaptations to ensure genomic stability in order to become "embryonic stem cell- (ESC-) like." The DNA damage response (DDR) is critical for maintenance of such genomic integrity. Herein, we determined whether cell of origin and reprogramming method influence the DDR of hiPSCs. We demonstrate that hiPSCs derived from cord blood (CB) myeloid progenitors (i.e., CB-iPSC) via an efficient high-fidelity stromal-activated (sa) method closely resembled hESCs in DNA repair gene expression signature and irradiation-induced DDR, relative to hiPSCs generated from CB or fibroblasts via standard methods. Furthermore, sa-CB-iPSCs also more closely resembled hESCs in accuracy of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, and C-MYC transcriptional signatures, relative to standard hiPSCs. Our data suggests that hiPSCs derived via more efficient reprogramming methods possess more hESC-like activated MYC signatures and DDR signaling. Thus, an authentic MYC molecular signature may serve as an important biomarker in characterizing the genomic integrity in hiPSCs.
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13
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Spitalieri P, Talarico RV, Botta A, Murdocca M, D'Apice MR, Orlandi A, Giardina E, Santoro M, Brancati F, Novelli G, Sangiuolo F. Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Extraembryonic Tissues of Fetuses Affected by Monogenic Diseases. Cell Reprogram 2016; 17:275-87. [PMID: 26474030 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2015.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from an autologous extraembryonic fetal source is an innovative personalized regenerative technology that can transform own-self cells into embryonic stem-like ones. These cells are regarded as a promising candidate for cell-based therapy, as well as an ideal target for disease modeling and drug discovery. Thus, hiPSCs enable researchers to undertake studies for treating diseases or for future applications of in utero therapy. We used a polycistronic lentiviral vector (hSTEMCCA-loxP) encoding OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and cMYC genes and containing loxP sites, excisible by Cre recombinase, to reprogram patient-specific fetal cells derived from prenatal diagnosis for several genetic disorders, such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), β-thalassemia (β-Thal), lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome (LDS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), cystic fibrosis (CF), as well as from wild-type (WT) fetal cells. Because cell types tested to create hiPSCs influence both the reprogramming process efficiency and the kinetics, we used chorionic villus (CV) and amniotic fluid (AF) cells, demonstrating how they represent an ideal cell resource for a more efficient generation of hiPSCs. The successful reprogramming of both CV and AF cells into hiPSCs was confirmed by specific morphological, molecular, and immunocytochemical markers and also by their teratogenic potential when inoculated in vivo. We further demonstrated the stability of reprogrammed cells over 10 and more passages and their capability to differentiate into the three embryonic germ layers, as well as into neural cells. These data suggest that hiPSCs-CV/AF can be considered a valid cellular model to accomplish pathogenesis studies and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Spitalieri
- 1 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome , Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Rosa V Talarico
- 1 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome , Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Annalisa Botta
- 1 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome , Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Michela Murdocca
- 1 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome , Rome, 00133, Italy
| | | | - Augusto Orlandi
- 1 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome , Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- 1 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome , Rome, 00133, Italy .,3 Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM , Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, 00142, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Brancati
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Policlinic of Tor Vergata , Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- 1 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome , Rome, 00133, Italy .,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Policlinic of Tor Vergata , Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- 1 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome , Rome, 00133, Italy .,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Policlinic of Tor Vergata , Rome, 00133, Italy
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14
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Breyer MD, Look AT, Cifra A. From bench to patient: model systems in drug discovery. Dis Model Mech 2016; 8:1171-4. [PMID: 26438689 PMCID: PMC4610244 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.023036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Model systems, including laboratory animals, microorganisms, and cell- and tissue-based systems, are central to the discovery and development of new and better drugs for the treatment of human disease. In this issue, Disease Models & Mechanisms launches a Special Collection that illustrates the contribution of model systems to drug discovery and optimisation across multiple disease areas. This collection includes reviews, Editorials, interviews with leading scientists with a foot in both academia and industry, and original research articles reporting new and important insights into disease therapeutics. This Editorial provides a summary of the collection's current contents, highlighting the impact of multiple model systems in moving new discoveries from the laboratory bench to the patients' bedsides. Drug Discovery Collection: This Editorial introduces the new DMM Special Collection entitled ‘From bench to patient: model systems in drug discovery’, providing a summary of its contents and highlighting the impact of multiple model systems in moving new discoveries from bench to patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01864, USA
| | - Alessandra Cifra
- Disease Models & Mechanisms, The Company of Biologists, Bidder Building, Station Road, Histon, Cambridgeshire, CB24 9LF, UK
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15
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Spitalieri P, Talarico VR, Murdocca M, Novelli G, Sangiuolo F. Human induced pluripotent stem cells for monogenic disease modelling and therapy. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:118-35. [PMID: 27114745 PMCID: PMC4835672 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i4.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent and advanced protocols are now available to derive human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from patients affected by genetic diseases. No curative treatments are available for many of these diseases; thus, hiPSCs represent a major impact on patient' health. hiPSCs represent a valid model for the in vitro study of monogenic diseases, together with a better comprehension of the pathogenic mechanisms of the pathology, for both cell and gene therapy protocol applications. Moreover, these pluripotent cells represent a good opportunity to test innovative pharmacological treatments focused on evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of novel drugs. Today, innovative gene therapy protocols, especially gene editing-based, are being developed, allowing the use of these cells not only as in vitro disease models but also as an unlimited source of cells useful for tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine, eluding ethical and immune rejection problems. In this review, we will provide an up-to-date of modelling monogenic disease by using hiPSCs and the ultimate applications of these in vitro models for cell therapy. We consider and summarize some peculiar aspects such as the type of parental cells used for reprogramming, the methods currently used to induce the transcription of the reprogramming factors, and the type of iPSC-derived differentiated cells, relating them to the genetic basis of diseases and to their inheritance model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Spitalieri
- Paola Spitalieri, Valentina Rosa Talarico, Michela Murdocca, Giuseppe Novelli, Federica Sangiuolo, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosa Talarico
- Paola Spitalieri, Valentina Rosa Talarico, Michela Murdocca, Giuseppe Novelli, Federica Sangiuolo, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Murdocca
- Paola Spitalieri, Valentina Rosa Talarico, Michela Murdocca, Giuseppe Novelli, Federica Sangiuolo, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Paola Spitalieri, Valentina Rosa Talarico, Michela Murdocca, Giuseppe Novelli, Federica Sangiuolo, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Paola Spitalieri, Valentina Rosa Talarico, Michela Murdocca, Giuseppe Novelli, Federica Sangiuolo, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
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16
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Doulames VM, Plant GW. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:530. [PMID: 27070598 PMCID: PMC4848986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical-level injuries account for the majority of presented spinal cord injuries (SCIs) to date. Despite the increase in survival rates due to emergency medicine improvements, overall quality of life remains poor, with patients facing variable deficits in respiratory and motor function. Therapies aiming to ameliorate symptoms and restore function, even partially, are urgently needed. Current therapeutic avenues in SCI seek to increase regenerative capacities through trophic and immunomodulatory factors, provide scaffolding to bridge the lesion site and promote regeneration of native axons, and to replace SCI-lost neurons and glia via intraspinal transplantation. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a clinically viable means to accomplish this; they have no major ethical barriers, sources can be patient-matched and collected using non-invasive methods. In addition, the patient’s own cells can be used to establish a starter population capable of producing multiple cell types. To date, there is only a limited pool of research examining iPSC-derived transplants in SCI—even less research that is specific to cervical injury. The purpose of the review herein is to explore both preclinical and clinical recent advances in iPSC therapies with a detailed focus on cervical spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Doulames
- Stanford Partnership for Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, California, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Giles W Plant
- Stanford Partnership for Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, California, CA 94305, USA.
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17
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Grieshammer U, Shepard KA. Proceedings: consideration of genetics in the design of induced pluripotent stem cell-based models of complex disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 3:1253-8. [PMID: 25359995 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of exploiting induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology for the discovery of new mechanisms and treatments of disease is being pursued by many laboratories, and analyses of rare monogenic diseases have already provided ample evidence that this approach has merit. Considering the enormous medical burden imposed by common chronic diseases, successful implementation of iPSC-based models has the potential for major impact on these diseases as well. Since common diseases represent complex traits with varying genetic and environmental contributions to disease manifestation, the use of iPSC technology poses unique challenges. In this perspective, we will consider how the genetics of complex disease and mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation affect experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Grieshammer
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 210 King Street, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
| | - Kelly A Shepard
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 210 King Street, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
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18
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Holtzinger A, Streeter PR, Sarangi F, Hillborn S, Niapour M, Ogawa S, Keller G. New markers for tracking endoderm induction and hepatocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells. Development 2015; 142:4253-65. [PMID: 26493401 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficient generation of hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires the induction of a proper endoderm population, broadly characterized by the expression of the cell surface marker CXCR4. Strategies to identify and isolate endoderm subpopulations predisposed to the liver fate do not exist. In this study, we generated mouse monoclonal antibodies against human embryonic stem cell-derived definitive endoderm with the goal of identifying cell surface markers that can be used to track the development of this germ layer and its specification to a hepatic fate. Through this approach, we identified two endoderm-specific antibodies, HDE1 and HDE2, which stain different stages of endoderm development and distinct derivative cell types. HDE1 marks a definitive endoderm population with high hepatic potential, whereas staining of HDE2 tracks with developing hepatocyte progenitors and hepatocytes. When used in combination, the staining patterns of these antibodies enable one to optimize endoderm induction and hepatic specification from any hPSC line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Holtzinger
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Philip R Streeter
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Farida Sarangi
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Scott Hillborn
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Maryam Niapour
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Shinichiro Ogawa
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Gordon Keller
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9 Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2M9
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19
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Campbell KA, Terzic A, Nelson TJ. Induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiovascular disease: from product-focused disease modeling to process-focused disease discovery. Regen Med 2015; 10:773-83. [PMID: 26439809 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology offers an unprecedented opportunity to study patient-specific disease. This biotechnology platform enables recapitulation of individualized disease signatures in a dish through differentiation of patient-derived iPS cells. Beyond disease modeling, the in vitro process of differentiation toward genuine patient tissue offers a blueprint to inform disease etiology and molecular pathogenesis. Here, we highlight recent advances in patient-specific cardiac disease modeling and outline the future promise of iPS cell-based disease discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Campbell
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Transplantation & Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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20
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Canals I, Soriano J, Orlandi JG, Torrent R, Richaud-Patin Y, Jiménez-Delgado S, Merlin S, Follenzi A, Consiglio A, Vilageliu L, Grinberg D, Raya A. Activity and High-Order Effective Connectivity Alterations in Sanfilippo C Patient-Specific Neuronal Networks. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:546-57. [PMID: 26411903 PMCID: PMC4625033 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has been successfully used to recapitulate phenotypic traits of several human diseases in vitro. Patient-specific iPSC-based disease models are also expected to reveal early functional phenotypes, although this remains to be proved. Here, we generated iPSC lines from two patients with Sanfilippo type C syndrome, a lysosomal storage disorder with inheritable progressive neurodegeneration. Mature neurons obtained from patient-specific iPSC lines recapitulated the main known phenotypes of the disease, not present in genetically corrected patient-specific iPSC-derived cultures. Moreover, neuronal networks organized in vitro from mature patient-derived neurons showed early defects in neuronal activity, network-wide degradation, and altered effective connectivity. Our findings establish the importance of iPSC-based technology to identify early functional phenotypes, which can in turn shed light on the pathological mechanisms occurring in Sanfilippo syndrome. This technology also has the potential to provide valuable readouts to screen compounds, which can prevent the onset of neurodegeneration. Fibroblasts from two Sanfilippo C patients were reprogrammed to obtain iPSCs iPSCs were successfully differentiated to neural cells that mimic the disease Networks of patients’ neurons show altered activity and connectivity Early functional phenotypes are prevented in gene-corrected patients’ neurons
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Canals
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Soriano
- Departament d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier G Orlandi
- Departament d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Torrent
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Richaud-Patin
- Centre de Medicina Regenerativa de Barcelona and Control of Stem Cell Potency Group, Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomaterials y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Senda Jiménez-Delgado
- Centre de Medicina Regenerativa de Barcelona and Control of Stem Cell Potency Group, Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomaterials y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Simone Merlin
- Health Sciences Department, Universita' del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Health Sciences Department, Universita' del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lluïsa Vilageliu
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Angel Raya
- Centre de Medicina Regenerativa de Barcelona and Control of Stem Cell Potency Group, Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomaterials y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Teo AKK, Gupta MK, Doria A, Kulkarni RN. Dissecting diabetes/metabolic disease mechanisms using pluripotent stem cells and genome editing tools. Mol Metab 2015; 4:593-604. [PMID: 26413465 PMCID: PMC4563028 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and metabolic syndromes are chronic, devastating diseases with increasing prevalence. Human pluripotent stem cells are gaining popularity in their usage for human in vitro disease modeling. With recent rapid advances in genome editing tools, these cells can now be genetically manipulated with relative ease to study how genes and gene variants contribute to diabetes and metabolic syndromes. SCOPE OF REVIEW We highlight the diabetes and metabolic genes and gene variants, which could potentially be studied, using two powerful technologies - human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and genome editing tools - to aid the elucidation of yet elusive mechanisms underlying these complex diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS hPSCs and the advancing genome editing tools appear to be a timely and potent combination for probing molecular mechanism(s) underlying diseases such as diabetes and metabolic syndromes. The knowledge gained from these hiPSC-based disease modeling studies can potentially be translated into the clinics by guiding clinicians on the appropriate type of medication to use for each condition based on the mechanism of action of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA ; Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore ; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore ; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Section of Epidemiology and Genetics, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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22
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Rony IK, Baten A, Bloomfield JA, Islam ME, Billah MM, Islam KD. Inducing pluripotency in vitro: recent advances and highlights in induced pluripotent stem cells generation and pluripotency reprogramming. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:140-56. [PMID: 25643745 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are considered patient-specific counterparts of embryonic stem cells as they originate from somatic cells after forced expression of pluripotency reprogramming factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. iPSCs offer unprecedented opportunity for personalized cell therapies in regenerative medicine. In recent years, iPSC technology has undergone substantial improvement to overcome slow and inefficient reprogramming protocols, and to ensure clinical-grade iPSCs and their functional derivatives. Recent developments in iPSC technology include better reprogramming methods employing novel delivery systems such as non-integrating viral and non-viral vectors, and characterization of alternative reprogramming factors. Concurrently, small chemical molecules (inhibitors of specific signalling or epigenetic regulators) have become crucial to iPSC reprogramming; they have the ability to replace putative reprogramming factors and boost reprogramming processes. Moreover, common dietary supplements, such as vitamin C and antioxidants, when introduced into reprogramming media, have been found to improve genomic and epigenomic profiles of iPSCs. In this article, we review the most recent advances in the iPSC field and potent application of iPSCs, in terms of cell therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Rony
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
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23
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24
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Liu EY, Scott CT. Great expectations: autism spectrum disorder and induced pluripotent stem cell technologies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:145-50. [PMID: 24488263 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
New applications of iPSC technology to research on complex idiopathic conditions raise several important ethical and social considerations for potential research participants and their families. In this short review, we examine these issues through the lens of emerging research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We begin by describing the current state of iPSC technology in research on ASD. Then we discuss how the social history of and current controversies in autism research combined with the emergence of autism-specific iPSC biobanks indicate an urgent need for researchers to clearly communicate the limitations and possibilities of iPSC research to ensure research participants have the ability to provide fully informed, voluntary consent. We conclude by offering recommendations to bolster informed consent for research involving iPSC biobanks, both in the specific context of ASD and more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Yang Liu
- Stanford University Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford, CA, USA,
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25
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Wilson PG, Payne T. Genetic reprogramming of human amniotic cells with episomal vectors: neural rosettes as sentinels in candidate selection for validation assays. PeerJ 2014; 2:e668. [PMID: 25426336 PMCID: PMC4243337 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The promise of genetic reprogramming has prompted initiatives to develop banks of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from diverse sources. Sentinel assays for pluripotency could maximize available resources for generating iPSCs. Neural rosettes represent a primitive neural tissue that is unique to differentiating PSCs and commonly used to identify derivative neural/stem progenitors. Here, neural rosettes were used as a sentinel assay for pluripotency in selection of candidates to advance to validation assays. Candidate iPSCs were generated from independent populations of amniotic cells with episomal vectors. Phase imaging of living back up cultures showed neural rosettes in 2 of the 5 candidate populations. Rosettes were immunopositive for the Sox1, Sox2, Pax6 and Pax7 transcription factors that govern neural development in the earliest stage of development and for the Isl1/2 and Otx2 transcription factors that are expressed in the dorsal and ventral domains, respectively, of the neural tube in vivo. Dissociation of rosettes produced cultures of differentiation competent neural/stem progenitors that generated immature neurons that were immunopositive for βIII-tubulin and glia that were immunopositive for GFAP. Subsequent validation assays of selected candidates showed induced expression of endogenous pluripotency genes, epigenetic modification of chromatin and formation of teratomas in immunodeficient mice that contained derivatives of the 3 embryonic germ layers. Validated lines were vector-free and maintained a normal karyotype for more than 60 passages. The credibility of rosette assembly as a sentinel assay for PSCs is supported by coordinate loss of nuclear-localized pluripotency factors Oct4 and Nanog in neural rosettes that emerge spontaneously in cultures of self-renewing validated lines. Taken together, these findings demonstrate value in neural rosettes as sentinels for pluripotency and selection of promising candidates for advance to validation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G Wilson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem, NC , USA
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26
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Ye Z, Liu CF, Lanikova L, Dowey SN, He C, Huang X, Brodsky RA, Spivak JL, Prchal JT, Cheng L. Differential sensitivity to JAK inhibitory drugs by isogenic human erythroblasts and hematopoietic progenitors generated from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:269-78. [PMID: 24105986 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an unprecedented opportunity to establish novel disease models and accelerate drug development using distinct tissue target cells generated from isogenic iPSC lines with and without disease-causing mutations. To realize the potential of iPSCs in modeling acquired diseases which are usually heterogeneous, we have generated multiple iPSC lines including two lines that are JAK2-wild-type and four lines homozygous for JAK2-V617F somatic mutation from a single polycythemia vera (PV) patient blood. In vitro differentiation of the same patient-derived iPSC lines have demonstrated the differential contributions of their parental hematopoietic clones to the abnormal erythropoiesis including the formation of endogenous erythroid colonies. This iPSC approach thus may provide unique and valuable insights into the genetic events responsible for disease development. To examine the potential of iPSCs in drug testing, we generated isogenic hematopoietic progenitors and erythroblasts from the same iPSC lines derived from PV patients and normal donors. Their response to three clinical JAK inhibitors, INCB018424 (Ruxolitinib), TG101348 (SAR302503), and the more recent CYT387 was evaluated. All three drugs similarly inhibited erythropoiesis from normal and PV iPSC lines containing the wild-type JAK2 genotype, as well as those containing a homozygous or heterozygous JAK2-V617F activating mutation that showed increased erythropoiesis without a JAK inhibitor. However, the JAK inhibitors had less inhibitory effect on the self-renewal of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. The iPSC-mediated disease modeling thus underlies the ineffectiveness of the current JAK inhibitors and provides a modeling system to develop better targeted therapies for the JAK2 mutated hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Ye
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Using Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Progeny as an In VitroModel to Assess (Developmental) Neurotoxicity. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527674183.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Hochbaum DR, Zhao Y, Farhi SL, Klapoetke N, Werley CA, Kapoor V, Zou P, Kralj JM, Maclaurin D, Smedemark-Margulies N, Saulnier JL, Boulting GL, Straub C, Cho YK, Melkonian M, Wong GKS, Harrison DJ, Murthy VN, Sabatini BL, Boyden ES, Campbell RE, Cohen AE. All-optical electrophysiology in mammalian neurons using engineered microbial rhodopsins. Nat Methods 2014; 11:825-33. [PMID: 24952910 PMCID: PMC4117813 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
All-optical electrophysiology-spatially resolved simultaneous optical perturbation and measurement of membrane voltage-would open new vistas in neuroscience research. We evolved two archaerhodopsin-based voltage indicators, QuasAr1 and QuasAr2, which show improved brightness and voltage sensitivity, have microsecond response times and produce no photocurrent. We engineered a channelrhodopsin actuator, CheRiff, which shows high light sensitivity and rapid kinetics and is spectrally orthogonal to the QuasArs. A coexpression vector, Optopatch, enabled cross-talk-free genetically targeted all-optical electrophysiology. In cultured rat neurons, we combined Optopatch with patterned optical excitation to probe back-propagating action potentials (APs) in dendritic spines, synaptic transmission, subcellular microsecond-timescale details of AP propagation, and simultaneous firing of many neurons in a network. Optopatch measurements revealed homeostatic tuning of intrinsic excitability in human stem cell-derived neurons. In rat brain slices, Optopatch induced and reported APs and subthreshold events with high signal-to-noise ratios. The Optopatch platform enables high-throughput, spatially resolved electrophysiology without the use of conventional electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Hochbaum
- 1] Applied Physics Program, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2]
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- 1] Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. [2]
| | - Samouil L Farhi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan Klapoetke
- 1] The MIT Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [4] McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher A Werley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vikrant Kapoor
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peng Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel M Kralj
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dougal Maclaurin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jessica L Saulnier
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Christoph Straub
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yong Ku Cho
- 1] The MIT Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [4] McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Melkonian
- Institute of Botany, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- 1] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. [2] Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. [3] Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - D Jed Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Venkatesh N Murthy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- 1] Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- 1] The MIT Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [4] McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [5]
| | - Robert E Campbell
- 1] Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. [2]
| | - Adam E Cohen
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Yang P, Dai A, Alexenko AP, Liu Y, Stephens AJ, Schulz LC, Schust DJ, Roberts RM, Ezashi T. Abnormal oxidative stress responses in fibroblasts from preeclampsia infants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103110. [PMID: 25058409 PMCID: PMC4110005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Signs of severe oxidative stress are evident in term placentae of infants born to mothers with preeclampsia (PE), but it is unclear whether this is a cause or consequence of the disease. Here fibroblast lines were established from umbilical cords (UC) delivered by mothers who had experienced early onset PE and from controls with the goal of converting these primary cells to induced pluripotent stem cells and ultimately trophoblast. Contrary to expectations, the oxidative stress responses of these non-placental cells from PE infants were more severe than those from controls. Methods and Findings Three features suggested that UC-derived fibroblasts from PE infants responded less well to oxidative stressors than controls: 1) While all UC provided outgrowths in 4% O2, success was significantly lower for PE cords in 20% O2; 2) PE lines established in 4% O2 proliferated more slowly than controls when switched to 20% O2; 3) PE lines were more susceptible to the pro-oxidants diethylmaleate and tert-butylhydroquinone than control lines, but, unlike controls, were not protected by glutathione. Transcriptome profiling revealed only a few genes differentially regulated between PE lines and controls in 4% O2 conditions. However, a more severely stressed phenotype than controls, particularly in the unfolded protein response, was evident when PE lines were switched suddenly to 20% O2, thus confirming the greater sensitivity of the PE fibroblasts to acute changes in oxidative stress. Conclusions UC fibroblasts derived from PE infants are intrinsically less able to respond to acute oxidative stress than controls, and this phenotype is retained over many cell doublings. Whether the basis of this vulnerability is genetic or epigenetic and how it pertains to trophoblast development remains unclear, but this finding may provide a clue to the basis of the early onset, usually severe, form of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Yang
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Aihua Dai
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Andrei P. Alexenko
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yajun Liu
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Amanda J. Stephens
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Laura C. Schulz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Danny J. Schust
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - R. Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Toshihiko Ezashi
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Koido S, Ito M, Sagawa Y, Okamoto M, Hayashi K, Nagasaki E, Kan S, Komita H, Kamata Y, Homma S. Vaccination with vascular progenitor cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells elicits antitumor immunity targeting vascular and tumor cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:459-68. [PMID: 24627093 PMCID: PMC11028528 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination of BALB/c mice with dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with the lysate of induced vascular progenitor (iVP) cells derived from murine-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells significantly suppressed the tumor of CMS-4 fibrosarcomas and prolonged the survival of CMS-4-inoculated mice. This prophylactic antitumor activity was more potent than that of immunization with DCs loaded with iPS cells or CMS-4 tumor cells. Tumors developed slowly in mice vaccinated with DCs loaded with iVP cells (DC/iVP) and exhibited a limited vascular bed. Immunohistochemistry and a tomato-lectin perfusion study demonstrated that the tumors that developed in the iVP-immunized mice showed a marked decrease in tumor vasculature. Immunization with DC/iVP induced a potent suppressive effect on vascular-rich CMS-4 tumors, a weaker effect on BNL tumors with moderate vasculature, and nearly no effect on C26 tumors with poor vasculature. Treatment of DC/iVP-immunized mice with a monoclonal antibody against CD4 or CD8, but not anti-asialo GM1, inhibited the antitumor activity. CD8(+) T cells from DC/iVP-vaccinated mice showed significant cytotoxic activity against murine endothelial cells and CMS-4 cells, whereas CD8(+) T cells from DC/iPS-vaccinated mice did not. DNA microarray analysis showed that the products of 29 vasculature-associated genes shared between genes upregulated by differentiation from iPS cells into iVP cells and genes shared by iVP cells and isolated Flk-1(+) vascular cells in CMS-4 tumor tissue might be possible targets in the immune response. These results suggest that iVP cells from iPS cells could be used as a cancer vaccine targeting tumor vascular cells and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Yukiko Sagawa
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Masato Okamoto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Hayashi
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
- Division of Clinical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eijiro Nagasaki
- Division of Clinical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Kan
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Hideo Komita
- Shimbashi Medical Checkup Office, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kamata
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Sadamu Homma
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
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31
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Nagata N, Yamanaka S. Perspectives for induced pluripotent stem cell technology: new insights into human physiology involved in somatic mosaicism. Circ Res 2014; 114:505-10. [PMID: 24481841 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.303043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell technology makes in vitro reprogramming of somatic cells from individuals with various genetic backgrounds possible. By applying this technology, it is possible to produce pluripotent stem cells from biopsy samples of arbitrarily selected individuals with various genetic backgrounds and to subsequently maintain, expand, and stock these cells. From these induced pluripotent stem cells, target cells and tissues can be generated after certain differentiation processes. These target cells/tissues are expected to be useful in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug screening, toxicology testing, and proof-of-concept studies in drug development. Therefore, the number of publications concerning induced pluripotent stem cells has recently been increasing rapidly, demonstrating that this technology has begun to infiltrate many aspects of stem cell biology and medical applications. In this review, we discuss the perspectives of induced pluripotent stem cell technology for modeling human diseases. In particular, we focus on the cloning event occurring through the reprogramming process and its ability to let us analyze the development of complex disease-harboring somatic mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nagata
- From the Department of Reprogramming Science, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (N.N., S.Y.); and Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (S.Y.)
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32
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Loring JF, McDevitt TC, Palecek SP, Schaffer DV, Zandstra PW, Nerem RM. A global assessment of stem cell engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2575-89. [PMID: 24428577 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 2 years a global assessment of stem cell engineering (SCE) was conducted with the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation, the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The purpose was to gather information on the worldwide status and trends in SCE, that is, the involvement of engineers and engineering approaches in the stem cell field, both in basic research and in the translation of research into clinical applications and commercial products. The study was facilitated and managed by the World Technology Evaluation Center. The process involved site visits in both Asia and Europe, and it also included several different workshops. From this assessment, the panel concluded that there needs to be an increased role for engineers and the engineering approach. This will provide a foundation for the generation of new markets and future economic growth. To do this will require an increased investment in engineering, applied research, and commercialization as it relates to stem cell research and technology. It also will require programs that support interdisciplinary teams, new innovative mechanisms for academic-industry partnerships, and unique translational models. In addition, the global community would benefit from forming strategic partnerships between countries that can leverage existing and emerging strengths in different institutions. To implement such partnerships will require multinational grant programs with appropriate review mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne F Loring
- 1 Director, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Scripps Research Institute , LaJolla, California
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33
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Trounson A. A rapidly evolving revolution in stem cell biology and medicine. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 27:756-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Wang Y, Cheng L, Gerecht S. Efficient and scalable expansion of human pluripotent stem cells under clinically compliant settings: a view in 2013. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 42:1357-72. [PMID: 24132657 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for revolutionizing regenerative medicine for their potential applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and cellular therapy. Many their applications require robust and scalable expansion of hPSCs, even under settings compliant to good clinical practices. Rapid evolution of media and substrates provided safer and more defined culture conditions for long-term expansion of undifferentiated hPSCs in either adhesion or suspension. With well-designed automatic systems or fully controlled bioreactors, production of a clinically relevant quantity of hPSCs could be achieved in the near future. The goal is to find a scalable, xeno-free, chemically defined, and economic culture system for clinical-grade expansion of hPSCs that complies the requirements of current good manufacturing practices. This review provides an updated overview of the current development and challenges on the way to accomplish this goal, including discussions on basic principles for bioprocess design, serum-free media, extracellular matric or synthesized substrate, microcarrier- or cell aggregate-based suspension culture, and scalability and practicality of equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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35
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Dianat N, Steichen C, Vallier L, Weber A, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A. Human pluripotent stem cells for modelling human liver diseases and cell therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2013; 13:120-32. [PMID: 23444872 PMCID: PMC3882648 DOI: 10.2174/1566523211313020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The liver is affected by many types of diseases, including metabolic disorders and acute liver failure. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is currently the only effective treatment for life-threatening liver diseases but transplantation of allogeneic hepatocytes has now become an alternative as it is less invasive than OLT and can be performed repeatedly. However, this approach is hampered by the shortage of organ donors, and the problems related to the isolation of high quality adult hepatocytes, their cryopreservation and their absence of proliferation in culture. Liver is also a key organ to assess the pharmacokinetics and toxicology of xenobiotics and for drug discovery, but appropriate cell culture systems are lacking. All these problems have highlighted the need to explore other sources of cells such as stem cells that could be isolated, expanded to yield sufficiently large populations and then induced to differentiate into functional hepatocytes. The presence of a niche of “facultative” progenitor and stem cells in the normal liver has recently been confirmed but they display no telomerase activity. The recent discovery that human induced pluripotent stem cells can be generated from somatic cells has renewed hopes for regenerative medicine and in vitro disease modelling, as these cells are easily accessible. We review here the present progresses, limits and challenges for the generation of functional hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells in view of their potential use in regenerative medicine and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Dianat
- INSERM UMR-S972, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, F-94807, France
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36
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Lu X, Zhao T. Clinical therapy using iPSCs: hopes and challenges. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2013; 11:294-8. [PMID: 24060840 PMCID: PMC4357821 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated by ectopic expression of defined transcription factors in somatic cells. They can undergo unlimited self-renewal and maintain the embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-like ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. iPSCs can potentially provide unlimited autologous cells for therapy and therefore hold great promise for regenerative medicine. Here we reviewed the recent advances in iPSC studies on disease modeling and clinical treatment as well as challenges correlated with clinical development of iPSCs, like tumorigenicity, immunogenicity and genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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37
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Calamini B, Lo DC, Kaltenbach LS. Experimental models for identifying modifiers of polyglutamine-induced aggregation and neurodegeneration. Neurotherapeutics 2013; 10:400-15. [PMID: 23700210 PMCID: PMC3701774 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) typifies a class of inherited neurodegenerative disorders in which a CAG expansion in a single gene leads to an extended polyglutamine tract and misfolding of the expressed protein, driving cumulative neural dysfunction and degeneration. HD is invariably fatal with symptoms that include progressive neuropsychiatric and cognitive impairments, and eventual motor disability. No curative therapies yet exist for HD and related polyglutamine diseases; therefore, substantial efforts have been made in the drug discovery field to identify potential drug and drug target candidates for disease-modifying treatment. In this context, we review here a range of early-stage screening approaches based in in vitro, cellular, and invertebrate models to identify pharmacological and genetic modifiers of polyglutamine aggregation and induced neurodegeneration. In addition, emerging technologies, including high-content analysis, three-dimensional culture models, and induced pluripotent stem cells are increasingly being incorporated into drug discovery screening pipelines for protein misfolding disorders. Together, these diverse screening strategies are generating novel and exciting new probes for understanding the disease process and for furthering development of therapeutic candidates for eventual testing in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Calamini
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for Drug Discovery, Duke University Medical Center, 4321 Medical Park Drive, Durham, NC 27704 USA
| | - Donald C. Lo
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for Drug Discovery, Duke University Medical Center, 4321 Medical Park Drive, Durham, NC 27704 USA
| | - Linda S. Kaltenbach
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for Drug Discovery, Duke University Medical Center, 4321 Medical Park Drive, Durham, NC 27704 USA
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Lessing D, Anguera MC, Lee JT. X chromosome inactivation and epigenetic responses to cellular reprogramming. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2013; 14:85-110. [PMID: 23662665 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-091212-153530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells to derive induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has provided a new method to model disease and holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Although genetically identical to their donor somatic cells, iPSCs undergo substantial changes in the epigenetic landscape during reprogramming. One such epigenetic process, X chromosome inactivation (XCI), has recently been shown to vary widely in human female iPSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). XCI is a form of dosage compensation whose chief regulator is the noncoding RNA Xist. In mouse iPSCs and ESCs, Xist expression and XCI strictly correlate with the pluripotent state, but no such correlation exists in humans. Lack of XIST expression in human cells is linked to reduced developmental potential and an altered transcriptional profile, including upregulation of genes associated with cancer, which has therefore led to concerns about the safety of pluripotent stem cells for use in regenerative medicine. In this review, we describe how different states of XIST expression define three classes of female human pluripotent stem cells and explore progress in discovering the reasons for these variations and how they might be countered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Lessing
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, and Department of Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; , ,
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Abstract
Reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) proceeds in a stepwise manner with reprogramming factor binding, transcription, and chromatin states changing during transitions. Evidence is emerging that epigenetic priming events early in the process may be critical for pluripotency induction later. Chromatin and its regulators are important controllers of reprogramming, and reprogramming factor levels, stoichiometry, and extracellular conditions influence the outcome. The rapid progress in characterizing reprogramming is benefiting applications of iPSCs and is already enabling the rational design of novel reprogramming factor cocktails. However, recent studies have also uncovered an epigenetic instability of the X chromosome in human iPSCs that warrants careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Papp
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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40
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Return of results in translational iPS cell research: considerations for donor informed consent. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:6. [PMID: 23336317 PMCID: PMC3706983 DOI: 10.1186/scrt154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts have emerged internationally to recruit donors with specific disease indications and to derive induced pluripotent cell lines. These disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cell lines have the potential to accelerate translational goals such as drug discovery and testing. One consideration for donor recruitment and informed consent is the possibility that research will result in findings that are clinically relevant to the cell donor. Management protocols for such findings should be developed a priori and disclosed during the informed consent process. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine has developed recommendations for informing donors in sponsored research. These recommendations include obtaining consent to recontact tissue donors for a range of scientific, medical and ethical considerations. This article reviews the basis for these recommendations and suggests conditions that may be appropriate when reporting findings to donors.
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Galizzi JP, Lockhart BP, Bril A. Applying systems biology in drug discovery and development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 28:67-78. [DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2013-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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