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Xu M, Zhang Q, Shi H, Wu Z, Zhou W, Lin F, Kou Y, Tao Z. A repressive H3K36me2 reader mediates Polycomb silencing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7287. [PMID: 39179589 PMCID: PMC11343894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In animals, evolutionarily conserved Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and PRC1 functions in recruitment and transcriptional repression. However, the mechanisms underlying H3K27me3-mediated stable transcriptional silencing are largely unknown, as PRC1 subunits are poorly characterized in fungi. Here, we report that in the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, the N-terminal chromodomain and C-terminal MRG domain of Eaf3 play key roles in facultative heterochromatin formation and transcriptional silencing. Eaf3 physically interacts with Ash1, Eed, and Sin3, encoding an H3K36 methyltransferase, the core subunit of PRC2, and a histone deacetylation co-suppressor, respectively. Eaf3 co-localizes with a set of repressive Ash1-H3K36me2 and H3K27me3 loci and mediates their transcriptional silencing. Furthermore, Eaf3 acts as a histone reader for the repressive H3K36me2 and H3K27me3 marks. Eaf3-occupied regions are associated with increased nucleosome occupancy, contributing to transcriptional silencing in M. oryzae. Together, these findings reveal that Eaf3 is a repressive H3K36me2 reader and plays a vital role in Polycomb gene silencing and the formation of facultative heterochromatin in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zeng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Mumford CC, Tanizawa H, Wiles ET, McNaught KJ, Jamieson K, Tsukamoto K, Selker EU. The RPD3L deacetylation complex is required for facultative heterochromatin repression in Neurospora crassa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404770121. [PMID: 39074265 PMCID: PMC11317574 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404770121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Repression of facultative heterochromatin is essential for developmental processes in numerous organisms. Methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) by Polycomb repressive complex 2 is a prominent feature of facultative heterochromatin in both fungi and higher eukaryotes. Although this methylation is frequently associated with silencing, the detailed mechanism of repression remains incompletely understood. We utilized a forward genetics approach to identify genes required to maintain silencing at facultative heterochromatin genes in Neurospora crassa and identified three previously uncharacterized genes that are important for silencing: sds3 (NCU01599), rlp1 (RPD3L protein 1; NCU09007), and rlp2 (RPD3L protein 2; NCU02898). We found that SDS3, RLP1, and RLP2 associate with N. crassa homologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rpd3L complex and are required for repression of a subset of H3K27-methylated genes. Deletion of these genes does not lead to loss of H3K27 methylation but increases acetylation of histone H3 lysine 14 at up-regulated genes, suggesting that RPD3L-driven deacetylation is a factor required for silencing of facultative heterochromatin in N. crassa, and perhaps in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideki Tanizawa
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR97403
| | | | - Kevin J. McNaught
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR97403
| | - Kirsty Jamieson
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR97403
| | - Kenta Tsukamoto
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR97403
| | - Eric U. Selker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR97403
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3
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Jo L, Nodine MD. "To remember or forget: Insights into the mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming and priming in early plant embryos". CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102612. [PMID: 39098309 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Chromatin is dynamically modified throughout the plant life cycle to regulate gene expression in response to environmental and developmental cues. Although such epigenetic information can be inherited across generations in plants, chromatin features that regulate gene expression are typically reprogrammed during plant gametogenesis and directly after fertilization. Nevertheless, environmentally induced epigenetic marks on genes can be transmitted across generations. Moreover, epigenetic information installed on early embryonic chromatin can be stably inherited during subsequent growth and influence how plants respond to environmental conditions much later in development. Here, we review recent breakthroughs towards deciphering mechanisms underlying epigenetic reprogramming and transcriptional priming during early plant embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Jo
- Experimental and Computational Plant Development, Institute of Environment Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael D Nodine
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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4
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Pal A, Noble MA, Morales M, Pal R, Baumgartner M, Yang JW, Yim KM, Uebbing S, Noonan JP. Resolving the three-dimensional interactome of Human Accelerated Regions during human and chimpanzee neurodevelopment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.25.600691. [PMID: 39091792 PMCID: PMC11291010 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.25.600691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Human Accelerated Regions (HARs) are highly conserved across species but exhibit a significant excess of human-specific sequence changes, suggesting they may have gained novel functions in human evolution. HARs include transcriptional enhancers with human-specific activity and have been implicated in the evolution of the human brain. However, our understanding of how HARs contributed to uniquely human features of the brain is hindered by a lack of insight into the genes and pathways that HARs regulate. It is unclear whether HARs acted by altering the expression of gene targets conserved between HARs and their chimpanzee orthologs or by gaining new gene targets in human, a mechanism termed enhancer hijacking. We generated a high-resolution map of chromatin interactions for 1,590 HARs and their orthologs in human and chimpanzee neural stem cells (NSCs) to comprehensively identify gene targets in both species. HARs and their chimpanzee orthologs targeted a conserved set of 2,963 genes enriched for neurodevelopmental processes including neurogenesis and synaptic transmission. Changes in HAR enhancer activity were correlated with changes in conserved gene target expression. Conserved targets were enriched among genes differentially expressed between human and chimpanzee NSCs or between human and non-human primate developing and adult brain. Species-specific HAR gene targets did not converge on known biological functions and were not significantly enriched among differentially expressed genes, suggesting that HARs did not alter gene expression via enhancer hijacking. HAR gene targets, including differentially expressed targets, also showed cell type-specific expression patterns in the developing human brain, including outer radial glia, which are hypothesized to contribute to human cortical expansion. Our findings support that HARs influenced human brain evolution by altering the expression of conserved gene targets and provide the means to functionally link HARs with novel human brain features.
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5
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Yu D, Liang J, Widlund HR, Puigserver P. Feedforward cysteine regulation maintains melanoma differentiation state and limits metastatic spread. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114484. [PMID: 38990725 PMCID: PMC11316253 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The inherent ability of melanoma cells to alter the differentiation-associated transcriptional repertoire to evade treatment and facilitate metastatic spread is well accepted and has been termed phenotypic switching. However, how these facets of cellular behavior are controlled remains largely elusive. Here, we show that cysteine availability, whether from lysosomes (CTNS-dependent) or exogenously derived (SLC7A11-dependent or as N-acetylcysteine), controls melanoma differentiation-associated pathways by acting on the melanocyte master regulator MITF. Functional data indicate that low cysteine availability reduces MITF levels and impairs lysosome functions, which affects tumor ferroptosis sensitivity but improves metastatic spread in vivo. Mechanistically, cysteine-restrictive conditions reduce acetyl-CoA levels to decrease p300-mediated H3K27 acetylation at the melanocyte-restricted MITF promoter, thus forming a cysteine feedforward regulation that controls MITF levels and downstream lysosome functions. These findings collectively suggest that cysteine homeostasis governs melanoma differentiation by maintaining MITF levels and lysosome functions, which protect against ferroptosis and limit metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hans R Widlund
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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6
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Harati J, Du P, Galluzzi M, Li X, Lin J, Pan H, Wang PY. Tailored Physicochemical Cues Direct Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation through Epigenetic Regulation Using Colloidal Self-Assembled Patterns. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35912-35924. [PMID: 38976770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) shapes the stem cell fate during differentiation by exerting relevant biophysical cues. However, the mechanism of stem cell fate decisions in response to ECM-backed complex biophysical cues has not been fully understood due to the lack of versatile ECMs. Here, we designed two versatile ECMs using colloidal self-assembly technology to probe the mechanisms of their effects on mechanotransduction and stem cell fate regulation. Binary colloidal crystals (BCC) with a hexagonally close-packed structure, composed of silica (5 μm) and polystyrene (0.4 μm) particles as well as a polydimethylsiloxane-embedded BCC (BCCP), were fabricated. They have defined surface chemistry, roughness, stiffness, ion release, and protein adsorption properties, which can modulate the cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). On the BCC, hASCs preferred osteogenesis at an early stage but showed a higher tendency toward adipogenesis at later stages. In contrast, the results of BCCP diverged from those of BCC, suggesting a unique regulation of ECM-dependent mechanotransduction. The BCC-mediated cell adhesion reduced the size of the focal adhesion complex, accompanying an ordered spatial organization and cytoskeletal rearrangement. This morphological restriction led to the modulation of mechanosensitive transcription factors, such as c-FOS, the enrichment of transcripts in specific signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, and the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Epigenetic analyses showed changes in histone modifications across different substrates, suggesting that chromatin remodeling participated in BCC-mediated mechanotransduction. This study demonstrates that BCCs are versatile artificial ECMs that can regulate human stem cells' fate through unique biological signaling, which is beneficial in biomaterial design and stem cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Harati
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 101408, China
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ping Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Massimiliano Galluzzi
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiao Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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7
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Fox GC, Poncha KF, Smith BR, van der Maas LN, Robbins NN, Graham B, Dowen JM, Strahl BD, Young NL, Jain K. Histone H3K18 & H3K23 acetylation directs establishment of MLL-mediated H3K4 methylation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107527. [PMID: 38960040 PMCID: PMC11338103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In an unmodified state, positively charged histone N-terminal tails engage nucleosomal DNA in a manner which restricts access to not only the underlying DNA but also key tail residues subject to binding and/or modification. Charge-neutralizing modifications, such as histone acetylation, serve to disrupt this DNA-tail interaction, facilitating access to such residues. We previously showed that a polyacetylation-mediated chromatin "switch" governs the read-write capability of H3K4me3 by the MLL1 methyltransferase complex. Here, we discern the relative contributions of site-specific acetylation states along the H3 tail and extend our interrogation to other chromatin modifiers. We show that the contributions of H3 tail acetylation to H3K4 methylation by MLL1 are highly variable, with H3K18 and H3K23 acetylation exhibiting robust stimulatory effects and that this extends to the related H3K4 methyltransferase complex, MLL4. We show that H3K4me1 and H3K4me3 are found preferentially co-enriched with H3 N-terminal tail proteoforms bearing dual H3K18 and H3K23 acetylation (H3{K18acK23ac}). We further show that this effect is specific to H3K4 methylation, while methyltransferases targeting other H3 tail residues (H3K9, H3K27, & H3K36), a methyltransferase targeting the nucleosome core (H3K79), and a kinase targeting a residue directly adjacent to H3K4 (H3T3) are insensitive to tail acetylation. Together, these findings indicate a unique and robust stimulation of H3K4 methylation by H3K18 and H3K23 acetylation and provide key insight into why H3K4 methylation is often associated with histone acetylation in the context of active gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey C Fox
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karl F Poncha
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - B Rutledge Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lara N van der Maas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Jill M Dowen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Nicolas L Young
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Kanishk Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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8
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Fox GC, Poncha KF, Smith BR, van der Maas LN, Robbins NN, Graham B, Dowen JM, Strahl BD, Young NL, Jain K. H3K18 & H3K23 acetylation directs establishment of MLL-mediated H3K4 methylation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.590588. [PMID: 38798640 PMCID: PMC11118386 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.590588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In an unmodified state, positively charged histone N-terminal tails engage nucleosomal DNA in a manner which restricts access to not only the underlying DNA, but also key tail residues subject to binding and/or modification. Charge-neutralizing modifications, such as histone acetylation, serve to disrupt this DNA-tail interaction, facilitating access to such residues. We previously showed that a polyacetylation-mediated chromatin "switch" governs the read-write capability of H3K4me3 by the MLL1 methyltransferase complex. Here, we discern the relative contributions of site-specific acetylation states along the H3 tail and extend our interrogation to other chromatin modifiers. We show that the contributions of H3 tail acetylation to H3K4 methylation by MLL1 are highly variable, with H3K18 and H3K23 acetylation exhibiting robust stimulatory effects, and that this extends to the related H3K4 methyltransferase complex, MLL4. We show that H3K4me1 and H3K4me3 are found preferentially co-enriched with H3 N-terminal tail proteoforms bearing dual H3K18 and H3K23 acetylation (H3{K18acK23ac}). We further show that this effect is specific to H3K4 methylation, while methyltransferases targeting other H3 tail residues (H3K9, H3K27, & H3K36), a methyltransferase targeting the nucleosome core (H3K79), and a kinase targeting a residue directly adjacent to H3K4 (H3T3) are insensitive to tail acetylation. Together, these findings indicate a unique and robust stimulation of H3K4 methylation by H3K18 and H3K23 acetylation and provide key insight into why H3K4 methylation is often associated with histone acetylation in the context of active gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey C. Fox
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Karl F. Poncha
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - B. Rutledge Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lara N. van der Maas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - Jill M. Dowen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brian D. Strahl
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nicolas L. Young
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kanishk Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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9
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Ochiai K, Shima H, Tamahara T, Sugie N, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Kurosaki T, Igarashi K. Accelerated plasma-cell differentiation in Bach2-deficient mouse B cells is caused by altered IRF4 functions. EMBO J 2024; 43:1947-1964. [PMID: 38605225 PMCID: PMC11099079 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors BACH2 and IRF4 are both essential for antibody class-switch recombination (CSR) in activated B lymphocytes, while they oppositely regulate the differentiation of plasma cells (PCs). Here, we investigated how BACH2 and IRF4 interact during CSR and plasma-cell differentiation. We found that BACH2 organizes heterochromatin formation of target gene loci in mouse splenic B cells, including targets of IRF4 activation such as Aicda, an inducer of CSR, and Prdm1, a master plasma-cell regulator. Release of these gene loci from heterochromatin in response to B-cell receptor stimulation was coupled to AKT-mTOR pathway activation. In Bach2-deficient B cells, PC genes' activation depended on IRF4 protein accumulation, without an increase in Irf4 mRNA. Mechanistically, a PU.1-IRF4 heterodimer in activated B cells promoted BACH2 function by inducing gene expression of Bach2 and Pten, a negative regulator of AKT signaling. Elevated AKT activity in Bach2-deficient B cells resulted in IRF4 protein accumulation. Thus, BACH2 and IRF4 mutually modulate the activity of each other, and BACH2 inhibits PC differentiation by both the repression of PC genes and the restriction of IRF4 protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ochiai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Tamahara
- Division of Community Oral Health Science, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Nao Sugie
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Lymhocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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10
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Majeres LE, Dilger AC, Shike DW, McCann JC, Beever JE. Defining a Haplotype Encompassing the LCORL-NCAPG Locus Associated with Increased Lean Growth in Beef Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:576. [PMID: 38790206 PMCID: PMC11121065 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown genetic variation at the LCORL-NCAPG locus is strongly associated with growth traits in beef cattle. However, a causative molecular variant has yet to be identified. To define all possible candidate variants, 34 Charolais-sired calves were whole-genome sequenced, including 17 homozygous for a long-range haplotype associated with increased growth (QQ) and 17 homozygous for potential ancestral haplotypes for this region (qq). The Q haplotype was refined to an 814 kb region between chr6:37,199,897-38,014,080 and contained 218 variants not found in qq individuals. These variants include an insertion in an intron of NCAPG, a previously documented mutation in NCAPG (rs109570900), two coding sequence mutations in LCORL (rs109696064 and rs384548488), and 15 variants located within ATAC peaks that were predicted to affect transcription factor binding. Notably, rs384548488 is a frameshift variant likely resulting in loss of function for long isoforms of LCORL. To test the association of the coding sequence variants of LCORL with phenotype, 405 cattle from five populations were genotyped. The two variants were in complete linkage disequilibrium. Statistical analysis of the three populations that contained QQ animals revealed significant (p < 0.05) associations with genotype and birth weight, live weight, carcass weight, hip height, and average daily gain. These findings affirm the link between this locus and growth in beef cattle and describe DNA variants that define the haplotype. However, further studies will be required to define the true causative mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif E. Majeres
- UTIA Genomics Center for the Advancement of Agriculture, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Anna C. Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.C.D.); (D.W.S.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Daniel W. Shike
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.C.D.); (D.W.S.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Joshua C. McCann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.C.D.); (D.W.S.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Jonathan E. Beever
- UTIA Genomics Center for the Advancement of Agriculture, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
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11
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Andreiuolo F, Ferrone CK, Rajan S, Perry A, Guney E, Cham E, Giannini C, Toland A, Willard N, de Souza AS, Dazelle K, Chung HJ, Singh O, Conway K, Coley N, Dampier C, Abdullaev Z, Pratt D, Cimino PJ, Quezado M, Aldape K. Molecular and clinicopathologic characteristics of CNS embryonal tumors with BRD4::LEUTX fusion. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:42. [PMID: 38500181 PMCID: PMC10946093 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors are a heterogeneous group of high-grade malignancies, and the increasing clinical use of methylation profiling and next-generation sequencing has led to the identification of molecularly distinct subtypes. One proposed tumor type, CNS tumor with BRD4::LEUTX fusion, has been described. As only a few CNS tumors with BRD4::LEUTX fusions have been described, we herein characterize a cohort of 9 such cases (4 new, 5 previously published) to further describe their clinicopathologic and molecular features. We demonstrate that CNS embryonal tumor with BRD4::LEUTX fusion comprises a well-defined methylation class/cluster. We find that patients are young (4 years or younger), with large tumors at variable locations, and frequently with evidence of leptomeningeal/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination. Histologically, tumors were highly cellular with high-grade embryonal features. Immunohistochemically, 5/5 cases showed synaptophysin and 4/5 showed OLIG2 expression, thus overlapping with CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated. DNA copy number profiles were generally flat; however, two tumors had chromosome 1q gains. No recurring genomic changes, besides the presence of the fusion, were found. The LEUTX portion of the fusion transcript was constant in all cases assessed, while the BRD4 portion varied but included a domain with proto-oncogenic activity in all cases. Two patients with clinical follow up available had tumors with excellent response to chemotherapy. Two of our patients were alive without evidence of recurrence or progression after gross total resection and chemotherapy at 16 and 33 months. One patient relapsed, and the last of our four patients died of disease one month after diagnosis. Overall, this case series provides additional evidence for this as a distinct tumor type defined by the presence of a specific fusion as well as a distinct DNA methylation signature. Studies on larger series are required to further characterize these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Andreiuolo
- Department of Pathology, Rede D'Or, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Estadual Do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina K Ferrone
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Room 2S235, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sharika Rajan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Room 2S235, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Arie Perry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ekin Guney
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Cham
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angus Toland
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Willard
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Karen Dazelle
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Room 2S235, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hye-Jung Chung
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Room 2S235, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Omkar Singh
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Room 2S235, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyle Conway
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas Coley
- Diagnostic Pathology Medical Group, Inc., Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Dampier
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Room 2S235, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Room 2S235, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Drew Pratt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Room 2S235, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Patrick J Cimino
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martha Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Room 2S235, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Room 2S235, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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12
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Shao Z, Bai Y, Huq E, Qiao H. LHP1 and INO80 cooperate with ethylene signaling for warm ambient temperature response by activating specific bivalent genes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.01.583049. [PMID: 38496578 PMCID: PMC10942398 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.01.583049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Ethylene signaling has been indicated as a potential positive regulator of plant warm ambient temperature response but its underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that LHP1 and INO80 cooperate with ethylene signaling for warm ambient temperature response by activating specific bivalent genes. We found that the presence of warm ambient temperature activates ethylene signaling through EIN2 and EIN3, leading to an interaction between LHP1 and accumulated EIN2-C to co-regulate a subset of LHP1-bound genes marked by H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 bivalency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that INO80 is recruited to bivalent genes by interacting with EIN2-C and EIN3, promoting H3K4me3 enrichment and facilitating transcriptional activation in response to warm ambient temperature. Together, our findings illustrate a novel mechanism wherein ethylene signaling orchestrates LHP1 and INO80 to regulate warm ambient temperature response through activating specific bivalent genes in Arabidopsis.
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13
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Wei Z, Shu D, Hou X, Li T, Li Z, Luo D, Yang J, Tan H. Normal distribution of H3K9me3 occupancy co-mediated by histone methyltransferase BcDIM5 and histone deacetylase BcHda1 maintains stable ABA synthesis in Botrytis cinerea TB-31. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1339576. [PMID: 38500582 PMCID: PMC10944950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1339576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a conserved and important "sesquiterpene signaling molecule" widely distributed in different organisms with unique biological functions. ABA coordinates reciprocity and competition between microorganisms and their hosts. In addition, ABA also regulates immune and stress responses in plants and animals. Therefore, ABA has a wide range of applications in agriculture, medicine and related fields. The plant pathogenic ascomycete B. cinerea has been extensively studied as a model strain for ABA production. Nevertheless, there is a relative dearth of research regarding the regulatory mechanism governing ABA biosynthesis in B. cinerea. Here, we discovered that H3K9 methyltransferase BcDIM5 is physically associated with the H3K14 deacetylase BcHda1. Deletion of Bcdim5 and Bchda1 in the high ABA-producing B. cinerea TB-31 led to severe impairment of ABA synthesis. The combined analysis of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq has revealed that the absence of BcDIM5 and BcHda1 has resulted in significant global deficiencies in the normal distribution and level of H3K9me3 modification. In addition, we found that the cause of the decreased ABA production in the ΔBcdim5 and ΔBchda1 mutants was due to cluster gene repression caused by the emergence of hyper-H3K9me3 in the ABA gene cluster. We concluded that the ABA gene cluster is co-regulated by BcDIM5 and BcHda1, which are essential for the normal distribution of the B. cinerea TB-31 ABA gene cluster H3K9me3. This work expands our understanding of the complex regulatory network of ABA biosynthesis and provides a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of high-yielding ABA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhemin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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14
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Trujillo MN, Jennings EQ, Hoffman EA, Zhang H, Phoebe AM, Mastin GE, Kitamura N, Reisz JA, Megill E, Kantner D, Marcinkiewicz MM, Twardy SM, Lebario F, Chapman E, McCullough RL, D'Alessandro A, Snyder NW, Cusanovich DA, Galligan JJ. Lactoylglutathione promotes inflammatory signaling in macrophages through histone lactoylation. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101888. [PMID: 38307385 PMCID: PMC10869261 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic, systemic inflammation is a pathophysiological manifestation of metabolic disorders. Inflammatory signaling leads to elevated glycolytic flux and a metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis and lactate generation. This rise in lactate corresponds with increased generation of lactoylLys modifications on histones, mediating transcriptional responses to inflammatory stimuli. Lactoylation is also generated through a non-enzymatic S-to-N acyltransfer from the glyoxalase cycle intermediate, lactoylglutathione (LGSH). Here, we report a regulatory role for LGSH in mediating histone lactoylation and inflammatory signaling. In the absence of the primary LGSH hydrolase, glyoxalase 2 (GLO2), RAW264.7 macrophages display significant elevations in LGSH and histone lactoylation with a corresponding potentiation of the inflammatory response when exposed to lipopolysaccharides. An analysis of chromatin accessibility shows that lactoylation is associated with more compacted chromatin than acetylation in an unstimulated state; upon stimulation, however, regions of the genome associated with lactoylation become markedly more accessible. Lastly, we demonstrate a spontaneous S-to-S acyltransfer of lactate from LGSH to CoA, yielding lactoyl-CoA. This represents the first known mechanism for the generation of this metabolite. Collectively, these data suggest that LGSH, and not intracellular lactate, is the primary driving factor facilitating histone lactoylation and a major contributor to inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa N Trujillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Erin Q Jennings
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Emely A Hoffman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aiden M Phoebe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Grace E Mastin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Emily Megill
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Kantner
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mariola M Marcinkiewicz
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shannon M Twardy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Felicidad Lebario
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Darren A Cusanovich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - James J Galligan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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15
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Bisht S, Mao Y, Easwaran H. Epigenetic dynamics of aging and cancer development: current concepts from studies mapping aging and cancer epigenomes. Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:82-92. [PMID: 38441107 PMCID: PMC10939788 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review emphasizes the role of epigenetic processes as incidental changes occurring during aging, which, in turn, promote the development of cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Aging is a complex biological process associated with the progressive deterioration of normal physiological functions, making age a significant risk factor for various disorders, including cancer. The increasing longevity of the population has made cancer a global burden, as the risk of developing most cancers increases with age due to the cumulative effect of exposure to environmental carcinogens and DNA replication errors. The classical 'somatic mutation theory' of cancer cause is being challenged by the observation that multiple normal cells harbor cancer driver mutations without resulting in cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of age-associated epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, which occur across all cell types and tissues with advancing age. There is an increasing body of evidence linking these changes with cancer risk and prognosis. SUMMARY A better understanding about the epigenetic changes acquired during aging is critical for comprehending the mechanisms leading to the age-associated increase in cancer and for developing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bisht
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yiqing Mao
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hariharan Easwaran
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Xu M, Sun Z, Shi H, Yue J, Xiong X, Wu Z, Kou Y, Tao Z. Two H3K36 methyltransferases differentially associate with transcriptional activity and enrichment of facultative heterochromatin in rice blast fungus. ABIOTECH 2024; 5:1-16. [PMID: 38576437 PMCID: PMC10987451 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Di- and tri-methylation of lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K36me2/3) is catalysed by histone methyltransferase Set2, which plays an essential role in transcriptional regulation. Although there is a single H3K36 methyltransferase in yeast and higher eukaryotes, two H3K36 methyltransferases, Ash1 and Set2, were present in many filamentous fungi. However, their roles in H3K36 methylation and transcriptional regulation remained unclear. Combined with methods of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, we revealed that both Ash1 and Set2 are redundantly required for the full H3K36me2/3 activity in Magnaporthe oryzae, which causes the devastating worldwide rice blast disease. Ash1 and Set2 distinguish genomic H3K36me2/3-marked regions and are differentially associated with repressed and activated transcription, respectively. Furthermore, Ash1-catalysed H3K36me2 was co-localized with H3K27me3 at the chromatin, and Ash1 was required for the enrichment and transcriptional silencing of H3K27me3-occupied genes. With the different roles of Ash1 and Set2, in H3K36me2/3 enrichment and transcriptional regulation on the stress-responsive genes, they differentially respond to various stresses in M. oryzae. Overall, we reveal a novel mechanism by which two H3K36 methyltransferases catalyze H3K36me2/3 that differentially associate with transcriptional activities and contribute to enrichment of facultative heterochromatin in eukaryotes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-023-00127-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Xu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Ziyue Sun
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Jiangnan Yue
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Zhongling Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Zeng Tao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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17
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Godwin J, Govindasamy M, Nedounsejian K, March E, Halton R, Bourbousse C, Wolff L, Fort A, Krzyszton M, López Corrales J, Swiezewski S, Barneche F, Schubert D, Farrona S. The UBP5 histone H2A deubiquitinase counteracts PRCs-mediated repression to regulate Arabidopsis development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:667. [PMID: 38253560 PMCID: PMC10803359 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRCs) control gene expression through the incorporation of H2Aub and H3K27me3. In recent years, there is increasing evidence of the complexity of PRCs' interaction networks and the interplay of these interactors with PRCs in epigenome reshaping, which is fundamental to understand gene regulatory mechanisms. Here, we identified UBIQUITIN SPECIFIC PROTEASE 5 (UBP5) as a chromatin player able to counteract the deposition of the two PRCs' epigenetic hallmarks in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrated that UBP5 is a plant developmental regulator based on functional analyses of ubp5-CRISPR Cas9 mutant plants. UBP5 promotes H2A monoubiquitination erasure, leading to transcriptional de-repression. Furthermore, preferential association of UBP5 at PRC2 recruiting motifs and local H3K27me3 gaining in ubp5 mutant plants suggest the existence of functional interplays between UBP5 and PRC2 in regulating epigenome dynamics. In summary, acting as an antagonist of the pivotal epigenetic repressive marks H2Aub and H3K27me3, UBP5 provides novel insights to disentangle the complex regulation of PRCs' activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Godwin
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Mohan Govindasamy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kiruba Nedounsejian
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eduardo March
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ronan Halton
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Clara Bourbousse
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Léa Wolff
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Fort
- Dept. of Veterinary and Microbial Sciences, Technological University of The Shannon: Midlands, Athlone, Co., Roscommon, Ireland
| | - Michal Krzyszton
- Laboratory of Seeds Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Jesús López Corrales
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory (MPL), Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, H91 DK59, Ireland
| | - Szymon Swiezewski
- Laboratory of Seeds Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Fredy Barneche
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Schubert
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Farrona
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland.
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18
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Terao M, Yamashita Y, Takada Y, Itoh Y, Suzuki T. Structural optimization of a lysine demethylase 5 inhibitor for improvement of its cellular activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117579. [PMID: 38168630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Lysine demethylase 5 (KDM5) subfamily proteins are important in epigenetic gene regulation. They are involved in the growth and drug resistance of cancer cells. Therefore, KDM5s are potential cancer therapeutic targets, and their inhibitors hold promise as anti-cancer drugs. Several KDM5 inhibitors, including KDM5-C49 (2a), have exhibited potent KDM5-inhibitory activities in in vitro enzyme assays. However, they do not show enough cellular activity despite being converted to their prodrugs. We hypothesized that their poor lipophilicity should prevent them from sufficiently penetrating the cell membrane, and introducing more lipophilic groups should improve cellular activities. In this study, we investigated 2a and KDM5-C70 (3a), a prodrug of 2a, and attempted to improve its cellular activity by replacing the N,N-dimethyl amino group of 3a with more lipophilic groups. N-Butyl, N-methyl amino compound 2e exhibited potent and selective KDM5-inhibitory activity equal to that of 2a. Furthermore, the cell membrane permeability of 3e, an ethyl ester prodrug of 2e, was six times higher than that of 3a in a parallel artificial membrane permeation assay. In addition, western blot analysis indicated that treating human lung cancer A549 cells with 3e increased histone methylation levels more strongly than that with 3a. Thus, we identified compound 3e as a more cell-active KDM5 inhibitor that has sufficient cell membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Terao
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yamashita
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Yuri Takada
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Itoh
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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19
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Gao CW, Lin W, Riddle RC, Kushwaha P, Boukas L, Björnsson HT, Hansen KD, Fahrner JA. A mouse model of Weaver syndrome displays overgrowth and excess osteogenesis reversible with KDM6A/6B inhibition. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e173392. [PMID: 38015625 PMCID: PMC10906465 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Weaver syndrome is a Mendelian disorder of the epigenetic machinery (MDEM) caused by germline pathogenic variants in EZH2, which encodes the predominant H3K27 methyltransferase and key enzymatic component of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Weaver syndrome is characterized by striking overgrowth and advanced bone age, intellectual disability, and distinctive facies. We generated a mouse model for the most common Weaver syndrome missense variant, EZH2 p.R684C. Ezh2R684C/R684C mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) showed global depletion of H3K27me3. Ezh2R684C/+ mice had abnormal bone parameters, indicative of skeletal overgrowth, and Ezh2R684C/+ osteoblasts showed increased osteogenic activity. RNA-Seq comparing osteoblasts differentiated from Ezh2R684C/+, and Ezh2+/+ BM-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) indicated collective dysregulation of the BMP pathway and osteoblast differentiation. Inhibition of the opposing H3K27 demethylases KDM6A and KDM6B substantially reversed the excessive osteogenesis in Ezh2R684C/+ cells both at the transcriptional and phenotypic levels. This supports both the ideas that writers and erasers of histone marks exist in a fine balance to maintain epigenome state and that epigenetic modulating agents have therapeutic potential for the treatment of MDEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W. Gao
- Department of Genetic Medicine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and
| | | | - Ryan C. Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Research and Development Service, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leandros Boukas
- Department of Genetic Medicine
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hans T. Björnsson
- Department of Genetic Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kasper D. Hansen
- Department of Genetic Medicine
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill A. Fahrner
- Department of Genetic Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Zhao X, Wang Y, Yuan B, Zhao H, Wang Y, Tan Z, Wang Z, Wu H, Li G, Song W, Gupta R, Tsuda K, Ma Z, Gao X, Gu Q. Temporally-coordinated bivalent histone modifications of BCG1 enable fungal invasion and immune evasion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:231. [PMID: 38182582 PMCID: PMC10770383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bivalent histone modifications, including functionally opposite H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks simultaneously on the same nucleosome, control various cellular processes by fine-tuning the gene expression in eukaryotes. However, the role of bivalent histone modifications in fungal virulence remains elusive. By mapping the genome-wide landscape of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 dynamic modifications in Fusarium graminearum (Fg) during invasion, we identify the infection-related bivalent chromatin-marked genes (BCGs). BCG1 gene, which encodes a secreted Fusarium-specific xylanase containing a G/Q-rich motif, displays the highest increase of bivalent modification during Fg infection. We report that the G/Q-rich motif of BCG1 is a stimulator of its xylanase activity and is essential for the full virulence of Fg. Intriguingly, this G/Q-rich motif is recognized by pattern-recognition receptors to trigger plant immunity. We discover that Fg employs H3K4me3 modification to induce BCG1 expression required for host cell wall degradation. After breaching the cell wall barrier, this active chromatin state is reset to bivalency by co-modifying with H3K27me3, which enables epigenetic silencing of BCG1 to escape from host immune surveillance. Collectively, our study highlights how fungal pathogens deploy bivalent epigenetic modification to achieve temporally-coordinated activation and suppression of a critical fungal gene, thereby facilitating successful infection and host immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingqin Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanxi Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, South Korea
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, the Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Pai C, McIntosh BA, Knutsen RH, Levin MD, Tsang KM, Kozel BA, Heuckeroth RO. Loss of Baz1b in mice causes perinatal lethality, growth failure, and variable multi-system outcomes. Dev Biol 2024; 505:42-57. [PMID: 37827362 PMCID: PMC10872721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BAZ1B is one of 25-27 coding genes deleted in canonical Williams syndrome, a multi-system disorder causing slow growth, vascular stenosis, and gastrointestinal complaints, including constipation. BAZ1B is involved in (among other processes) chromatin organization, DNA damage repair, and mitosis, suggesting reduced BAZ1B may contribute to Williams syndrome symptoms. In mice, loss of Baz1b causes early neonatal death. 89.6% of Baz1b-/- mice die within 24 h of birth without vascular anomalies or congenital heart disease (except for patent ductus arteriosus). Some (<50%) Baz1b-/- were noted to have prolonged neonatal cyanosis, patent ductus arteriosus, or reduced lung aeration, and none developed a milk spot. Meanwhile, 35.5% of Baz1b+/- mice die over the first three weeks after birth. Surviving Baz1b heterozygotes grow slowly (with variable severity). 66.7% of Baz1b+/- mice develop bowel dilation, compared to 37.8% of wild-type mice, but small bowel and colon transit studies were normal. Additionally, enteric neuron density appeared normal in Baz1b-/- mice except in distal colon myenteric plexus, where neuron density was modestly elevated. Combined with several rare phenotypes (agnathia, microphthalmia, bowel dilation) recovered, our work confirms the importance of BAZ1B in survival and growth and suggests that reduced copy number of BAZ1B may contribute to the variability in Williams syndrome phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Pai
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104; The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | - Basil A McIntosh
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | - Russell H Knutsen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | - Mark D Levin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | - Kit Man Tsang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | - Beth A Kozel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892.
| | - Robert O Heuckeroth
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104; The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104.
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22
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Parrella NF, Hill AT, Dipnall LM, Loke YJ, Enticott PG, Ford TC. Inhibitory dysfunction and social processing difficulties in autism: A comprehensive narrative review. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:113-125. [PMID: 38016393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has a prominent role in regulating neural development and function, with disruption to GABAergic signalling linked to behavioural phenotypes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autism. Such neurochemical disruption, likely resulting from diverse genetic and molecular mechanisms, particularly during early development, can subsequently affect the cellular balance of excitation and inhibition in neuronal circuits, which may account for the social processing difficulties observed in autism and related conditions. This comprehensive narrative review integrates diverse streams of research from several disciplines, including molecular neurobiology, genetics, epigenetics, and systems neuroscience. In so doing it aims to elucidate the relevance of inhibitory dysfunction to autism, with specific focus on social processing difficulties that represent a core feature of this disorder. Many of the social processing difficulties experienced in autism have been linked to higher levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and/or lower levels of inhibitory GABA. While current therapeutic options for social difficulties in autism are largely limited to behavioural interventions, this review highlights the psychopharmacological studies that explore the utility of GABA modulation in alleviating such difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aron T Hill
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lillian M Dipnall
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Early Life Epigenetics Group, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Yuk Jing Loke
- Epigenetics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Talitha C Ford
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Zhang X, Fawwal DV, Spangle JM, Corbett AH, Jones CY. Exploring the Molecular Underpinnings of Cancer-Causing Oncohistone Mutants Using Yeast as a Model. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1187. [PMID: 38132788 PMCID: PMC10744705 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of cancer initiation and progression is critical in developing effective treatment strategies. Recently, mutations in genes encoding histone proteins that drive oncogenesis have been identified, converting these essential proteins into "oncohistones". Understanding how oncohistone mutants, which are commonly single missense mutations, subvert the normal function of histones to drive oncogenesis requires defining the functional consequences of such changes. Histones genes are present in multiple copies in the human genome with 15 genes encoding histone H3 isoforms, the histone for which the majority of oncohistone variants have been analyzed thus far. With so many wildtype histone proteins being expressed simultaneously within the oncohistone, it can be difficult to decipher the precise mechanistic consequences of the mutant protein. In contrast to humans, budding and fission yeast contain only two or three histone H3 genes, respectively. Furthermore, yeast histones share ~90% sequence identity with human H3 protein. Its genetic simplicity and evolutionary conservation make yeast an excellent model for characterizing oncohistones. The power of genetic approaches can also be exploited in yeast models to define cellular signaling pathways that could serve as actionable therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the value of yeast models to serve as a discovery tool that can provide mechanistic insights and inform subsequent translational studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Zhang
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (X.Z.); (D.V.F.); (A.H.C.)
| | - Dorelle V. Fawwal
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (X.Z.); (D.V.F.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Biochemistry, Cell & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Spangle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anita H. Corbett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (X.Z.); (D.V.F.); (A.H.C.)
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Celina Y. Jones
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (X.Z.); (D.V.F.); (A.H.C.)
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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24
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Park S, Athreya A, Carrizo GE, Benning NA, Mitchener MM, Bhanu NV, Garcia BA, Zhang B, Muir TW, Pearce EL, Ha T. Electrostatic encoding of genome organization principles within single native nucleosomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.08.570828. [PMID: 38106048 PMCID: PMC10723453 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.08.570828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic genome, first packed into nucleosomes of about 150 bp around the histone core, is organized into euchromatin and heterochromatin, corresponding to the A and B compartments, respectively. Here, we asked if individual nucleosomes in vivo know where to go. That is, do mono-nucleosomes by themselves contain A/B compartment information, associated with transcription activity, in their biophysical properties? We purified native mono-nucleosomes to high monodispersity and used physiological concentrations of biological polyamines to determine their condensability. The chromosomal regions known to partition into A compartments have low condensability and vice versa. In silico chromatin polymer simulations using condensability as the only input showed that biophysical information needed to form compartments is all contained in single native nucleosomes and no other factors are needed. Condensability is also strongly anticorrelated with gene expression, and especially so near the promoter region and in a cell type dependent manner. Therefore, individual nucleosomes in the promoter know whether the gene is on or off, and that information is contained in their biophysical properties. Comparison with genetic and epigenetic features suggest that nucleosome condensability is a very meaningful axis onto which to project the high dimensional cellular chromatin state. Analysis of condensability using various condensing agents including those that are protein-based suggests that genome organization principle encoded into individual nucleosomes is electrostatic in nature. Polyamine depletion in mouse T cells, by either knocking out ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) or inhibiting ODC, results in hyperpolarized condensability, suggesting that when cells cannot rely on polyamines to translate biophysical properties of nucleosomes to control gene expression and 3D genome organization, they accentuate condensability contrast, which may explain dysfunction known to occur with polyamine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Advait Athreya
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gustavo Ezequiel Carrizo
- Department of Oncology, The Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nils A. Benning
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University. Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | - Natarajan V. Bhanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tom W. Muir
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Erika L. Pearce
- Department of Oncology, The Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Yu Y, Wang S, Wang Z, Gao R, Lee J. Arabidopsis thaliana: a powerful model organism to explore histone modifications and their upstream regulations. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2211362. [PMID: 37196184 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2211362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Histones are subjected to extensive covalent modifications that affect inter-nucleosomal interactions as well as alter chromatin structure and DNA accessibility. Through switching the corresponding histone modifications, the level of transcription and diverse downstream biological processes can be regulated. Although animal systems are widely used in studying histone modifications, the signalling processes that occur outside the nucleus prior to histone modifications have not been well understood due to the limitations including non viable mutants, partial lethality, and infertility of survivors. Here, we review the benefits of using Arabidopsis thaliana as the model organism to study histone modifications and their upstream regulations. Similarities among histones and key histone modifiers such as the Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) in Drosophila, Human, and Arabidopsis are examined. Furthermore, prolonged cold-induced vernalization system has been well-studied and revealed the relationship between the controllable environment input (duration of vernalization), its chromatin modifications of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), following gene expression, and the corresponding phenotypes. Such evidence suggests that research on Arabidopsis can bring insights into incomplete signalling pathways outside of the histone box, which can be achieved through viable reverse genetic screenings based on the phenotypes instead of direct monitoring of histone modifications among individual mutants. The potential upstream regulators in Arabidopsis can provide cues or directions for animal research based on the similarities between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziqin Wang
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renwei Gao
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Joohyun Lee
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
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26
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Aziz N, Hong YH, Kim HG, Kim JH, Cho JY. Tumor-suppressive functions of protein lysine methyltransferases. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2475-2497. [PMID: 38036730 PMCID: PMC10766653 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) play crucial roles in histone and nonhistone modifications, and their dysregulation has been linked to the development and progression of cancer. While the majority of studies have focused on the oncogenic functions of PKMTs, extensive evidence has indicated that these enzymes also play roles in tumor suppression by regulating the stability of p53 and β-catenin, promoting α-tubulin-mediated genomic stability, and regulating the transcription of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Despite their contradictory roles in tumorigenesis, many PKMTs have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. However, PKMT inhibitors may have unintended negative effects depending on the specific cancer type and target enzyme. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively summarize the tumor-suppressive effects of PKMTs and to provide new insights into the development of anticancer drugs targeting PKMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aziz
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Scadden AW, Graybill AS, Hull-Crew C, Lundberg TJ, Lande NM, Klocko AD. Histone deacetylation and cytosine methylation compartmentalize heterochromatic regions in the genome organization of Neurospora crassa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311249120. [PMID: 37963248 PMCID: PMC10666030 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311249120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomes must correctly fold in eukaryotic nuclei for proper genome function. Eukaryotic organisms hierarchically organize their genomes, including in the fungus Neurospora crassa, where chromatin fiber loops compact into Topologically Associated Domain-like structures formed by heterochromatic region aggregation. However, insufficient data exist on how histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including acetylation, affect genome organization. In Neurospora, the HCHC complex [composed of the proteins HDA-1, CDP-2 (Chromodomain Protein-2), Heterochromatin Protein-1, and CHAP (CDP-2 and HDA-1 Associated Protein)] deacetylates heterochromatic nucleosomes, as loss of individual HCHC members increases centromeric acetylation, and alters the methylation of cytosines in DNA. Here, we assess whether the HCHC complex affects genome organization by performing Hi-C in strains deleted of the cdp-2 or chap genes. CDP-2 loss increases intra- and interchromosomal heterochromatic region interactions, while loss of CHAP decreases heterochromatic region compaction. Individual HCHC mutants exhibit different patterns of histone PTMs genome-wide, as CDP-2 deletion increases heterochromatic H4K16 acetylation, yet smaller heterochromatic regions lose H3K9 trimethylation and gain interheterochromatic region interactions; CHAP loss produces minimal acetylation changes but increases heterochromatic H3K9me3 enrichment. Loss of both CDP-2 and the DIM-2 DNA methyltransferase causes extensive genome disorder as heterochromatic-euchromatic contacts increase despite additional H3K9me3 enrichment. Our results highlight how the increased cytosine methylation in HCHC mutants ensures genome compartmentalization when heterochromatic regions become hyperacetylated without HDAC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley W. Scadden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO80918
| | - Alayne S. Graybill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO80918
| | - Clayton Hull-Crew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO80918
| | - Tiffany J. Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO80918
| | - Nickolas M. Lande
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO80918
| | - Andrew D. Klocko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO80918
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28
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Lin R, Wang X, Ni C, Fu C, Yang C, Dong D, Wu X, Chen X, Wang L, Hou J. Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid inhibits KDM6B-mediated demethylation of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 and interleukin-1β production in macrophages. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:422. [PMID: 37974225 PMCID: PMC10652454 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinococcus granulosus can manipulate its host's immune response to ensure its own survival. However, the effect of histone modifications on the regulation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and downstream interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in response to the parasite is not fully understood. METHODS We evaluated IL-1β secretion through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and assessed reactive oxygen species levels using the dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate probe. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to examine the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in mouse peritoneal macrophages and Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 cells, a human macrophage cell line. The presence of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) modification on NLRP3 and IL-1β promoters was studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Treatment with E. granulosus cyst fluid (EgCF) considerably reduced IL-1β secretion in mouse and human macrophages, although reactive oxygen species production increased. EgCF also suppressed the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β. Mechanistically, EgCF prompted the enrichment of repressive H3K27me3 modification on the promoters of both NLRP3 and IL-1β in macrophages. Notably, the presence of EgCF led to a significant reduction in the expression of the H3K27me3 demethylase KDM6B. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that EgCF inhibits KDM6B expression and H3K27me3 demethylation, resulting in the transcriptional inhibition of NLRP3 and IL-1β. These results provide new insights into the immune evasion mechanisms of E. granulosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Caiya Ni
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunxue Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Xiangwei Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lianghai Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jun Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
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29
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Pienkowski T, Kowalczyk T, Cysewski D, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M. Glioma and post-translational modifications: A complex relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189009. [PMID: 37913943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are common covalent processes in biochemical pathways that alter protein function and activity. These modifications occur through proteolytic cleavage or attachment of modifying groups, such as phosphoryl, methyl, glycosyl, or acetyl groups, with one or more amino acid residues of a single protein. Some PTMs also present crosstalk abilities that affect both protein functionality and structure, creating new proteoforms. Any alteration in organism homeostasis may be a cancer hallmark. Cataloging PTMs and consequently, emerging proteoforms, present new therapeutic targets, approaches, and opportunities to discover additional discriminatory biomarkers in disease diagnostics. In this review, we focus on experimentally confirmed PTMs and their potential crosstalk in glioma research to introduce new opportunities for this tumor type, which emerge within the PTMomics area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pienkowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
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30
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Serdyukova K, Swearingen AR, Coradin M, Nevo M, Tran H, Bajric E, Brumbaugh J. Leveraging dominant-negative histone H3 K-to-M mutations to study chromatin during differentiation and development. Development 2023; 150:dev202169. [PMID: 38771302 PMCID: PMC10617616 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications are associated with regulation of gene expression that controls a vast array of biological processes. Often, these associations are drawn by correlating the genomic location of a particular histone modification with gene expression or phenotype; however, establishing a causal relationship between histone marks and biological processes remains challenging. Consequently, there is a strong need for experimental approaches to directly manipulate histone modifications. A class of mutations on the N-terminal tail of histone H3, lysine-to-methionine (K-to-M) mutations, was identified as dominant-negative inhibitors of histone methylation at their respective and specific residues. The dominant-negative nature of K-to-M mutants makes them a valuable tool for studying the function of specific methylation marks on histone H3. Here, we review recent applications of K-to-M mutations to understand the role of histone methylation during development and homeostasis. We highlight important advantages and limitations that require consideration when using K-to-M mutants, particularly in a developmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Serdyukova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alison R. Swearingen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mariel Coradin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mika Nevo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Huong Tran
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Emir Bajric
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Justin Brumbaugh
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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31
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Trujillo MN, Jennings EQ, Hoffman EA, Zhang H, Phoebe AM, Mastin GE, Kitamura N, Reisz JA, Megill E, Kantner D, Marcinkiewicz MM, Twardy SM, Lebario F, Chapman E, McCullough RL, D'Alessandro A, Snyder NW, Cusanovich DA, Galligan JJ. Lactoylglutathione promotes inflammatory signaling in macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.10.561739. [PMID: 37873172 PMCID: PMC10592727 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.10.561739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic, systemic inflammation is a pathophysiological manifestation of metabolic disorders. Inflammatory signaling leads to elevated glycolytic flux and a metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis and lactate generation. This rise in lactate corresponds with increased generation of lactoylLys modifications on histones, mediating transcriptional responses to inflammatory stimuli. Lactoylation is also generated through a non-enzymatic S-to-N acyltransfer from the glyoxalase cycle intermediate, lactoylglutathione (LGSH). Here, we report a regulatory role for LGSH in inflammatory signaling. In the absence of the primary LGSH hydrolase, glyoxalase 2 (GLO2), RAW264.7 macrophages display significant elevations in LGSH, while demonstrating a potentiated inflammatory response when exposed to lipopolysaccharides, corresponding with a rise in histone lactoylation. Interestingly, our data demonstrate that lactoylation is associated with more compacted chromatin than acetylation in an unstimulated state, however, upon stimulation, regions of the genome associated with lactoylation become markedly more accessible. Lastly, we demonstrate a spontaneous S-to-S acyltransfer of lactate from LGSH to CoA, yielding lactoyl-CoA. This represents the first known mechanism for the generation of this metabolite. Collectively, these data suggest that LGSH, and not intracellular lactate, is a primary contributing factor facilitating the inflammatory response.
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32
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Fields JK, Hicks CW, Wolberger C. Diverse modes of regulating methyltransferase activity by histone ubiquitination. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 82:102649. [PMID: 37429149 PMCID: PMC10527252 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of histones plays a central role in regulating transcription. Methylation of histone H3 at lysines 4 (H3K4) and 79 (H3K79) play roles in activating transcription whereas methylation of H3K27 is a repressive mark. These modifications, in turn, depend upon prior monoubiquitination of specific histone residues in a phenomenon known as histone crosstalk. Earlier work had provided insights into the mechanism by which monoubiquitination histone H2BK120 stimulates H3K4 methylation by COMPASS/MLL1 and H3K79 methylation by DOT1L, and monoubiquitinated H2AK119 stimulates methylation of H3K27 by the PRC2 complex. Recent studies have shed new light on the role of individual subunits and paralogs in regulating the activity of PRC2 and how additional post-translational modifications regulate yeast Dot1 and human DOT1L, as well as provided new insights into the regulation of MLL1 by H2BK120ub.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Fields
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Chad W Hicks
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Cynthia Wolberger
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Scadden AW, Graybill AS, Hull-Crew C, Lundberg TJ, Lande NM, Klocko AD. Histone deacetylation and cytosine methylation compartmentalize heterochromatic regions in the genome organization of Neurospora crassa. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547530. [PMID: 37461718 PMCID: PMC10349943 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomes must correctly fold in eukaryotic nuclei for proper genome function. Eukaryotic organisms hierarchically organize their genomes, including in the fungus Neurospora crassa, where chromatin fiber loops compact into Topologically Associated Domain (TAD)-like structures formed by heterochromatic region aggregation. However, insufficient data exists on how histone post-translational modifications, including acetylation, affect genome organization. In Neurospora, the HCHC complex (comprised of the proteins HDA-1, CDP-2, HP1, and CHAP) deacetylates heterochromatic nucleosomes, as loss of individual HCHC members increases centromeric acetylation and alters the methylation of cytosines in DNA. Here, we assess if the HCHC complex affects genome organization by performing Hi-C in strains deleted of the cdp-2 or chap genes. CDP-2 loss increases intra- and inter-chromosomal heterochromatic region interactions, while loss of CHAP decreases heterochromatic region compaction. Individual HCHC mutants exhibit different patterns of histone post-translational modifications genome-wide: without CDP-2, heterochromatic H4K16 acetylation is increased, yet smaller heterochromatic regions lose H3K9 trimethylation and gain inter-heterochromatic region interactions; CHAP loss produces minimal acetylation changes but increases heterochromatic H3K9me3 enrichment. Loss of both CDP-2 and the DIM-2 DNA methyltransferase causes extensive genome disorder, as heterochromatic-euchromatic contacts increase despite additional H3K9me3 enrichment. Our results highlight how the increased cytosine methylation in HCHC mutants ensures genome compartmentalization when heterochromatic regions become hyperacetylated without HDAC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley W. Scadden
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Alayne S. Graybill
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Clayton Hull-Crew
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Tiffany J. Lundberg
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Nickolas M. Lande
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Andrew D. Klocko
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
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Dou X, Huang L, Xiao Y, Liu C, Li Y, Zhang X, Yu L, Zhao R, Yang L, Chen C, Yu X, Gao B, Qi M, Gao Y, Shen B, Sun S, He C, Liu J. METTL14 is a chromatin regulator independent of its RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase activity. Protein Cell 2023; 14:683-697. [PMID: 37030005 PMCID: PMC10501186 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
METTL3 and METTL14 are two components that form the core heterodimer of the main RNA m6A methyltransferase complex (MTC) that installs m6A. Surprisingly, depletion of METTL3 or METTL14 displayed distinct effects on stemness maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC). While comparable global hypo-methylation in RNA m6A was observed in Mettl3 or Mettl14 knockout mESCs, respectively. Mettl14 knockout led to a globally decreased nascent RNA synthesis, whereas Mettl3 depletion resulted in transcription upregulation, suggesting that METTL14 might possess an m6A-independent role in gene regulation. We found that METTL14 colocalizes with the repressive H3K27me3 modification. Mechanistically, METTL14, but not METTL3, binds H3K27me3 and recruits KDM6B to induce H3K27me3 demethylation independent of METTL3. Depletion of METTL14 thus led to a global increase in H3K27me3 level along with a global gene suppression. The effects of METTL14 on regulation of H3K27me3 is essential for the transition from self-renewal to differentiation of mESCs. This work reveals a regulatory mechanism on heterochromatin by METTL14 in a manner distinct from METTL3 and independently of m6A, and critically impacts transcriptional regulation, stemness maintenance, and differentiation of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Dou
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lulu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yini Li
- Department of Physiology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xinning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lishan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Xianbin Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Boyang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Meijie Qi
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yawei Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Gusu School, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Physiology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Grolleau E, Candiracci J, Lescuyer G, Barthelemy D, Benzerdjeb N, Haon C, Geiguer F, Raffin M, Hardat N, Balandier J, Rabeuf R, Chalabreysse L, Wozny AS, Rommelaere G, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Subtil F, Couraud S, Herzog M, Payen-Gay L. Circulating H3K27 Methylated Nucleosome Plasma Concentration: Synergistic Information with Circulating Tumor DNA Molecular Profiling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1255. [PMID: 37627320 PMCID: PMC10452235 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular profiling of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a helpful tool not only in cancer treatment, but also in the early detection of relapse. However, the clinical interpretation of a ctDNA negative result remains challenging. The characterization of circulating nucleosomes (carrying cell-free DNA) and associated epigenetic modifications (playing a key role in the tumorigenesis of different cancers) may provide useful information for patient management, by supporting the contributive value of ctDNA molecular profiling. Significantly elevated concentrations of H3K27Me3 nucleosomes were found in plasmas at the diagnosis, and during the follow-up, of NSCLC patients, compared to healthy donors (p-value < 0.0001). By combining the H3K27Me3 level and the ctDNA molecular profile, we found that 25.5% of the patients had H3K27Me3 levels above the cut off, and no somatic alteration was detected at diagnosis. This strongly supports the presence of non-mutated ctDNA in the corresponding plasma. During the patient follow-up, a high H3K27Me3-nucleosome level was found in 15.1% of the sample, despite no somatic mutations being detected, allowing the identification of disease progression from 43.1% to 58.2% over molecular profiling alone. Measuring H3K27Me3-nucleosome levels in combination with ctDNA molecular profiling may improve confidence in the negative molecular result for cfDNA in lung cancer at diagnosis, and may also be a promising biomarker for molecular residual disease (MRD) monitoring, during and/or after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Grolleau
- Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon (CICLY) EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69921 Oullins, France
- Pulmonology Department, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Julie Candiracci
- Belgian Volition SRL, Parc Scientifique Créalys, 5032 Isnes, Belgium
| | - Gaelle Lescuyer
- Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon (CICLY) EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69921 Oullins, France
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (ISPB), Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69373 Lyon, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Circulating Cancer (CIRCAN) Program, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cancer Institute, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - David Barthelemy
- Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon (CICLY) EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69921 Oullins, France
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (ISPB), Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69373 Lyon, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Circulating Cancer (CIRCAN) Program, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cancer Institute, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Nazim Benzerdjeb
- Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon (CICLY) EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69921 Oullins, France
- Pathology Department, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Christine Haon
- Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon (CICLY) EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69921 Oullins, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Circulating Cancer (CIRCAN) Program, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cancer Institute, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Florence Geiguer
- Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon (CICLY) EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69921 Oullins, France
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (ISPB), Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69373 Lyon, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Circulating Cancer (CIRCAN) Program, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cancer Institute, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Margaux Raffin
- Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon (CICLY) EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69921 Oullins, France
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (ISPB), Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69373 Lyon, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Circulating Cancer (CIRCAN) Program, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cancer Institute, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Nathalie Hardat
- Belgian Volition SRL, Parc Scientifique Créalys, 5032 Isnes, Belgium
| | - Julie Balandier
- Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon (CICLY) EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69921 Oullins, France
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (ISPB), Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69373 Lyon, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Circulating Cancer (CIRCAN) Program, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cancer Institute, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Rémi Rabeuf
- Belgian Volition SRL, Parc Scientifique Créalys, 5032 Isnes, Belgium
| | - Lara Chalabreysse
- Pathology Department, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Wozny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Circulating Cancer (CIRCAN) Program, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cancer Institute, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology Laboratory UMR CNRS5822/IP2I, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69921 Oullins, France
| | | | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Circulating Cancer (CIRCAN) Program, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cancer Institute, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology Laboratory UMR CNRS5822/IP2I, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Fabien Subtil
- Statistic Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- LBBE, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, UMR 5558, CNRS, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Couraud
- Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon (CICLY) EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69921 Oullins, France
- Pulmonology Department, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marielle Herzog
- Belgian Volition SRL, Parc Scientifique Créalys, 5032 Isnes, Belgium
| | - Lea Payen-Gay
- Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon (CICLY) EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69921 Oullins, France
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (ISPB), Claude Bernard University Lyon I, 69373 Lyon, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Circulating Cancer (CIRCAN) Program, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cancer Institute, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
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Abdul-Aziz A, Devine RD, Lyberger JM, Chang H, Kovacs A, Lerma JR, Rogers AM, Byrd JC, Hertlein E, Behbehani GK. Mass Cytometry as a Tool for Investigating Senescence in Multiple Model Systems. Cells 2023; 12:2045. [PMID: 37626855 PMCID: PMC10453346 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a durable cell cycle arrest as a result of the finite proliferative capacity of cells. Senescence responds to both intrinsic and extrinsic cellular stresses, such as aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, irradiation, and chemotherapy. Here, we report on the use of mass cytometry (MC) to analyze multiple model systems and demonstrate MC as a platform for senescence analysis at the single-cell level. We demonstrate changes to p16 expression, cell cycling fraction, and histone tail modifications in several established senescent model systems and using isolated human T cells. In bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs), we show increased p16 expression with subsequent passage as well as a reduction in cycling cells and open chromatin marks. In WI-38 cells, we demonstrate increased p16 expression with both culture-induced senescence and oxidative stress-induced senescence (OSIS). We also use Wanderlust, a trajectory analysis tool, to demonstrate how p16 expression changes with histone tail modifications and cell cycle proteins. Finally, we demonstrate that repetitive stimulation of human T cells with CD3/CD28 beads induces an exhausted phenotype with increased p16 expression. This p16-expressing population exhibited higher expression of exhaustion markers such as EOMES and TOX. This work demonstrates that MC is a useful platform for studying senescence at a single-cell protein level, and is capable of measuring multiple markers of senescence at once with high confidence, thereby improving our understanding of senescent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.A.-A.)
| | - Raymond D. Devine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Justin M. Lyberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hsiaochi Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amy Kovacs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - James R. Lerma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.A.-A.)
| | - Andrew M. Rogers
- Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME 04102, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - John C. Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.A.-A.)
| | - Erin Hertlein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.A.-A.)
| | - Gregory K. Behbehani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Jensen M, Chandrasekaran V, García-Bonete MJ, Li S, Anindya AL, Andersson K, Erlandsson MC, Oparina NY, Burmann BM, Brath U, Panchenko AR, Bokarewa I. M, Katona G. Survivin prevents the polycomb repressor complex 2 from methylating histone 3 lysine 27. iScience 2023; 26:106976. [PMID: 37534134 PMCID: PMC10391610 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the role of survivin in epigenetic control of gene transcription through interaction with the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). PRC2 is responsible for silencing gene expression by trimethylating lysine 27 on histone 3. We observed differential expression of PRC2 subunits in CD4+ T cells with varying levels of survivin expression, and ChIP-seq results indicated that survivin colocalizes with PRC2 along DNA. Inhibition of survivin resulted in a significant increase in H3K27 trimethylation, implying that survivin prevents PRC2 from functioning. Peptide microarray showed that survivin interacts with peptides from PRC2 subunits, and machine learning revealed that amino acid composition contains relevant information for predicting survivin interaction. NMR and BLI experiments supported the interaction of survivin with PRC2 subunit EZH2. Finally, protein-protein docking revealed that the survivin-EZH2 interaction interface overlaps with catalytic residues of EZH2, potentially inhibiting its H3K27 methylation activity. These findings suggest that survivin inhibits PRC2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Venkataragavan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - María-José García-Bonete
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shuxiang Li
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Atsarina Larasati Anindya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin C. Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nina Y. Oparina
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn M. Burmann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Brath
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and the Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna R. Panchenko
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Maria Bokarewa I.
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gröna stråket 16, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gergely Katona
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Small EM, Osley MA. A screen for histone mutations that affect quiescence in S. cerevisiae. FEBS J 2023; 290:3539-3562. [PMID: 36871139 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Quiescence or G0 is a reversible state in which cells cease division but retain the ability to resume proliferation. Quiescence occurs in all organisms and is essential for stem cell maintenance and tissue renewal. It is also related to chronological lifespan (CLS)-the survival of postmitotic quiescent cells (Q cells) over time-and thus contributes to longevity. Important questions remain regarding the mechanisms that control entry into quiescence, maintenance of quiescence and re-entry of Q cells into the cell cycle. S. cerevisiae has emerged as an excellent organism in which to address these questions because of the ease in which Q cells can be isolated. Following entry into G0, yeast cells remain viable for an extended period and can re-enter the cell cycle when exposed to growth-promoting signals. Histone acetylation is lost during the formation of Q cells and chromatin becomes highly condensed. This unique chromatin landscape regulates quiescence-specific transcriptional repression and has been linked to the formation and maintenance of Q cells. To ask whether other chromatin features regulate quiescence, we conducted two comprehensive screens of histone H3 and H4 mutants and identified mutants that show either altered quiescence entry or CLS. Examination of several quiescence entry mutants found that none of the mutants retain histone acetylation in Q cells but show differences in chromatin condensation. A comparison of H3 and H4 mutants with altered CLS to those with altered quiescence entry found that chromatin plays both overlapping and independent roles in the continuum of the quiescence program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Small
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mary Ann Osley
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Gao CW, Lin W, Riddle RC, Kushwaha P, Boukas L, Björnsson HT, Hansen KD, Fahrner JA. Novel mouse model of Weaver syndrome displays overgrowth and excess osteogenesis reversible with KDM6A/6B inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.23.546270. [PMID: 37425751 PMCID: PMC10327066 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.23.546270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Weaver syndrome is a Mendelian disorder of the epigenetic machinery (MDEM) caused by germline pathogenic variants in EZH2, which encodes the predominant H3K27 methyltransferase and key enzymatic component of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Weaver syndrome is characterized by striking overgrowth and advanced bone age, intellectual disability, and distinctive facies. We generated a mouse model for the most common Weaver syndrome missense variant, EZH2 p.R684C. Ezh2R684C/R684C mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) showed global depletion of H3K27me3. Ezh2R684C/+ mice had abnormal bone parameters indicative of skeletal overgrowth, and Ezh2R684C/+ osteoblasts showed increased osteogenic activity. RNA-seq comparing osteoblasts differentiated from Ezh2R684C/+ and Ezh2+/+ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) indicated collective dysregulation of the BMP pathway and osteoblast differentiation. Inhibition of the opposing H3K27 demethylases Kdm6a/6b substantially reversed the excessive osteogenesis in Ezh2R684C/+ cells both at the transcriptional and phenotypic levels. This supports both the ideas that writers and erasers of histone marks exist in a fine balance to maintain epigenome state, and that epigenetic modulating agents have therapeutic potential for the treatment of MDEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W Gao
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - WanYing Lin
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Research and Development Service, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Leandros Boukas
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hans T Björnsson
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kasper D Hansen
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jill A Fahrner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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40
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Reers AB, Bautista R, McLellan J, Morales B, Garza R, Bol S, Hanson KK, Bunnik EM. Histone modification analysis reveals common regulators of gene expression in liver and blood stage merozoites of Plasmodium parasites. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:25. [PMID: 37322481 PMCID: PMC10268464 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression in malaria parasites is subject to various layers of regulation, including histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Gene regulatory mechanisms have been extensively studied during the main developmental stages of Plasmodium parasites inside erythrocytes, from the ring stage following invasion to the schizont stage leading up to egress. However, gene regulation in merozoites that mediate the transition from one host cell to the next is an understudied area of parasite biology. Here, we sought to characterize gene expression and the corresponding histone PTM landscape during this stage of the parasite lifecycle through RNA-seq and ChIP-seq on P. falciparum blood stage schizonts, merozoites, and rings, as well as P. berghei liver stage merozoites. In both hepatic and erythrocytic merozoites, we identified a subset of genes with a unique histone PTM profile characterized by a region of H3K4me3 depletion in their promoter. These genes were upregulated in hepatic and erythrocytic merozoites and rings, had roles in protein export, translation, and host cell remodeling, and shared a DNA motif. These results indicate that similar regulatory mechanisms may underlie merozoite formation in the liver and blood stages. We also observed that H3K4me2 was deposited in gene bodies of gene families encoding variant surface antigens in erythrocytic merozoites, which may facilitate switching of gene expression between different members of these families. Finally, H3K18me and H2K27me were uncoupled from gene expression and were enriched around the centromeres in erythrocytic schizonts and merozoites, suggesting potential roles in the maintenance of chromosomal organization during schizogony. Together, our results demonstrate that extensive changes in gene expression and histone landscape occur during the schizont-to-ring transition to facilitate productive erythrocyte infection. The dynamic remodeling of the transcriptional program in hepatic and erythrocytic merozoites makes this stage attractive as a target for novel anti-malarial drugs that may have activity against both the liver and blood stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Reers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rodriel Bautista
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - James McLellan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz Morales
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rolando Garza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Bol
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kirsten K Hanson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Evelien M Bunnik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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41
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Bassal MA. The Interplay between Dysregulated Metabolism and Epigenetics in Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:944. [PMID: 37371524 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism (or energetics) and epigenetics are tightly coupled cellular processes. It is arguable that of all the described cancer hallmarks, dysregulated cellular energetics and epigenetics are the most tightly coregulated. Cellular metabolic states regulate and drive epigenetic changes while also being capable of influencing, if not driving, epigenetic reprogramming. Conversely, epigenetic changes can drive altered and compensatory metabolic states. Cancer cells meticulously modify and control each of these two linked cellular processes in order to maintain their tumorigenic potential and capacity. This review aims to explore the interplay between these two processes and discuss how each affects the other, driving and enhancing tumorigenic states in certain contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Adel Bassal
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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42
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Del Moral-Morales A, Salgado-Albarrán M, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Wenke NK, Baumbach J, Soto-Reyes E. CTCF and Its Multi-Partner Network for Chromatin Regulation. Cells 2023; 12:1357. [PMID: 37408191 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Architectural proteins are essential epigenetic regulators that play a critical role in organizing chromatin and controlling gene expression. CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor) is a key architectural protein responsible for maintaining the intricate 3D structure of chromatin. Because of its multivalent properties and plasticity to bind various sequences, CTCF is similar to a Swiss knife for genome organization. Despite the importance of this protein, its mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. It has been hypothesized that its versatility is achieved through interaction with multiple partners, forming a complex network that regulates chromatin folding within the nucleus. In this review, we delve into CTCF's interactions with other molecules involved in epigenetic processes, particularly histone and DNA demethylases, as well as several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are able to recruit CTCF. Our review highlights the importance of CTCF partners to shed light on chromatin regulation and pave the way for future exploration of the mechanisms that enable the finely-tuned role of CTCF as a master regulator of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Del Moral-Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City 05348, Mexico
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marisol Salgado-Albarrán
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City 05348, Mexico
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Nina Kerstin Wenke
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Computational BioMedicine Lab., University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City 05348, Mexico
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Pan J, Zhang H, Zhan Z, Zhao T, Jiang D. A REF6-dependent H3K27me3-depleted state facilitates gene activation during germination in Arabidopsis. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:178-191. [PMID: 36113770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Seed germination is a critical developmental switch from a quiescent state to active growth, which involves extensive changes in metabolism, gene expression, and cellular identity. However, our understanding of epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming during this process is limited. The histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) plays a key role in regulating gene repression and cell fate specification. Here, we profile H3K27me3 dynamics and dissect the function of H3K27 demethylation during germination in Arabidopsis. Our temporal genome-wide profiling of H3K27me3 and transcription reveals delayed H3K27me3 reprogramming compared with transcriptomic changes during germination, with H3K27me3 changes mainly occurring when the embryo is entering into vegetative development. RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6 (REF6)-mediated H3K27 demethylation is necessary for robust germination but does not significantly contribute to H3K27me3 dynamics during germination, but rather stably establishes an H3K27me3-depleted state that facilitates the activation of hormone-related and expansin-coding genes important for germination. We also show that the REF6 chromatin occupancy is gradually established during germination to counteract increased Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Our study provides key insights into the H3K27me3 dynamics during germination and suggests the function of H3K27me3 in facilitating cell fate switch. Furthermore, we reveal the importance of H3K27 demethylation-established transcriptional competence in gene activation during germination and likely other developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huairen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenping Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Danhua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Ma M, Zhong W, Zhang Q, Deng L, Wen J, Yi B, Tu J, Fu T, Zhao L, Shen J. Genome-wide analysis of transcriptome and histone modifications in Brassica napus hybrid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1123729. [PMID: 36778699 PMCID: PMC9911877 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although utilization of heterosis has largely improved the yield of many crops worldwide, the underlying molecular mechanism of heterosis, particularly for allopolyploids, remains unclear. Here, we compared epigenome and transcriptome data of an elite hybrid and its parental lines in three assessed tissues (seedling, flower bud, and silique) to explore their contribution to heterosis in allopolyploid B. napus. Transcriptome analysis illustrated that a small proportion of non-additive genes in the hybrid compared with its parents, as well as parental expression level dominance, might have a significant effect on heterosis. We identified histone modification (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) variation between the parents and hybrid, most of which resulted from the differences between parents. H3K4me3 variations were positively correlated with gene expression differences among the hybrid and its parents. Furthermore, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 were rather stable in hybridization and were mainly inherited additively in the B. napus hybrid. Together, our data revealed that transcriptome reprogramming and histone modification remodeling in the hybrid could serve as valuable resources for better understanding heterosis in allopolyploid crops.
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45
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Gopinathan G, Zhang X, Luan X, Diekwisch TGH. Changes in Hox Gene Chromatin Organization during Odontogenic Lineage Specification. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:198. [PMID: 36672939 PMCID: PMC9859321 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial tissues comprise highly evolved organs characterized by a relative lack of expression in the HOX family transcription factors. In the present study, we sought to define the epigenetic events that limit HOX gene expression from undifferentiated neural crest cells to semi-differentiated odontogenic progenitors and to explore the effects of elevated levels of HOX. The ChIP-chip data demonstrated high levels of repressive H3K27me3 marks on the HOX gene promoters in ES and cranial neural crest cells when compared to the H3K4me3 marks, while the K4/K27 ratio was less repressive in the odontogenic progenitors, dental follicle, dental pulp, periodontal ligament fibroblasts, alveolar bone osteoblasts, and cementoblasts. The gene expression of multiple HOX genes, especially those from the HOXA and HOXB clusters, was significantly elevated and many times higher in alveolar bone cells than in the dental follicle cells. In addition, the HOX levels in the skeletal osteoblasts were many times higher in the trunk osteoblasts compared to the alveolar bone osteoblasts, and the repressive mark H3K27me3 promoter occupancy was substantially and significantly elevated in the alveolar bone osteoblasts when compared to the trunk osteoblasts. To explore the effect of elevated HOX levels in craniofacial neural crest cells, HOX expression was induced by transfecting cells with the Cdx4 transcription factor, resulting in a significant decrease in the mineralization markers, RUNX2, OSX, and OCN upon HOX elevation. Promoting HOX gene expression in developing teeth using the small molecule EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 resulted in an increased number of patterning events, supernumerary cusp formation, and increased Hoxa4 and Hoxb6 gene expression when compared to the controls. Together, these studies illustrate the profound effects of epigenetic regulatory events at all stages of the differentiation of craniofacial peripheral tissues from the neural crest, including lineage specification, tissue differentiation, and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Gopinathan
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Bioinforx Inc., 510 Charmany Dr#275a, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Xianghong Luan
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Thomas G. H. Diekwisch
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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46
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Epigenetic Regulation of HIV-1 Sense and Antisense Transcription in Response to Latency-Reversing Agents. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:ncrna9010005. [PMID: 36649034 PMCID: PMC9844351 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleosomes positioned on the HIV-1 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) regulate sense transcription as well as the establishment and maintenance of latency. A negative-sense promoter (NSP) in the 3' LTR expresses antisense transcripts with coding and non-coding activities. Previous studies identified cis-acting elements that modulate NSP activity. Here, we used the two chronically infected T cell lines, ACH-2 and J1.1, to investigate epigenetic regulation of NSP activity. We found that histones H3 and H4 are present on the 3' LTR in both cell lines. Following treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), the levels of H3K27Ac increased and histone occupancy declined. HDACi treatment also led to increased levels of RNA polymerase II (RNPII) at NSP, and antisense transcription was induced with similar kinetics and to a similar extent as 5' LTR-driven sense transcription. We also detected H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 on NSP, along with the enzymes responsible for these epigenetic marks, namely G9a and EZH2, respectively. Treatment with their respective inhibitors had little or no effect on RNPII occupancy at the two LTRs, but it induced both sense and antisense transcription. Moreover, the increased expression of antisense transcripts in response to treatment with a panel of eleven latency-reversing agents closely paralleled and was often greater than the effect on sense transcripts. Thus, HIV-1 sense and antisense RNA expression are both regulated via acetylation and methylation of lysine 9 and 27 on histone H3. Since HIV-1 antisense transcripts act as non-coding RNAs promoting epigenetic silencing of the 5' LTR, our results suggest that the limited efficacy of latency-reversing agents in the context of 'shock and kill' cure strategies may be due to concurrent induction of antisense transcripts thwarting their effect on sense transcription.
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Maheshwari A. Innate Immune Memory in Macrophages. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2023; 2:60-79. [PMID: 37206580 PMCID: PMC10193650 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have been recognized as the primary mediators of innate immunity starting from embryonic/fetal development. Macrophage-mediated defenses may not be as antigen-specific as adaptive immunity, but increasing information suggests that these responses do strengthen with repeated immunological triggers. The concept of innate memory in macrophages has been described as "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory (IIM)." As currently understood, this cellular memory is rooted in epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. The recognition of IIM may be particularly important in the fetus and the young neonate who are yet to develop protective levels of adaptive immunity, and could even be of preventive/therapeutic importance in many disorders. There may also be a possibility of therapeutic enhancement with targeted vaccination. This article presents a review of the properties, mechanisms, and possible clinical significance of macrophage-mediated IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Maheshwari
- Founding Chairman, Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
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Yu Y, Wang Y, Yao Z, Wang Z, Xia Z, Lee J. Comprehensive Survey of ChIP-Seq Datasets to Identify Candidate Iron Homeostasis Genes Regulated by Chromatin Modifications. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2665:95-111. [PMID: 37166596 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3183-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vital biochemical reactions including photosynthesis to respiration require iron, which should be tightly regulated. Although increasing evidence reveals the importance of epigenetic regulation in gene expression and signaling, the role of histone modifications and chromatin remodeling in plant iron homeostasis is not well understood. In this study, we surveyed publicly available ChIP-seq datasets of Arabidopsis wild-type and mutants defective in key enzymes of histone modification and chromatin remodeling and compared the deposition of epigenetic marks on loci of genes involved in iron regulation. Based on the analysis, we compiled a comprehensive list of iron homeostasis genes with differential enrichment of various histone modifications. This report will provide a resource for future studies to investigate epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of iron homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhujun Yao
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziqin Wang
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijun Xia
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Joohyun Lee
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Jiangsu, China.
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Han X, Cao X, Cabrera RM, Pimienta Ramirez PA, Zhang C, Ramaekers VT, Finnell RH, Lei Y. KDM6B Variants May Contribute to the Pathophysiology of Human Cerebral Folate Deficiency. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:74. [PMID: 36671766 PMCID: PMC9855468 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The genetic etiology of most patients with cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) remains poorly understood. KDM6B variants were reported to cause neurodevelopmental diseases; however, the association between KDM6B and CFD is unknown; (2) Methods: Exome sequencing (ES) was performed on 48 isolated CFD cases. The effect of KDM6B variants on KDM6B protein expression, Histone H3 lysine 27 epigenetic modification and FOLR1 expression were examined in vitro. For each patient, serum FOLR1 autoantibodies were measured; (3) Results: Six KDM6B variants were identified in five CFD patients, which accounts for 10% of our CFD cohort cases. Functional experiments indicated that these KDM6B variants decreased the amount of KDM6B protein, which resulted in elevated H3K27me2, lower H3K27Ac and decreased FOLR1 protein concentrations. In addition, FOLR1 autoantibodies have been identified in serum; (4) Conclusion: Our study raises the possibility that KDM6B may be a novel CFD candidate gene in humans. Variants in KDM6B could downregulate FOLR1 gene expression, and might also predispose carriers to the development of FOLR1 autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuanye Cao
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert M. Cabrera
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paula Andrea Pimienta Ramirez
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cuilian Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Vincent T. Ramaekers
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Center Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yunping Lei
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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50
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Yang Y, Chen C, Zuo Q, Lu H, Salman S, Lyu Y, Huang TYT, Wicks EE, Jackson W, Datan E, Wang R, Wang Y, Le N, Zhu Y, Qin W, Semenza GL. NARF is a hypoxia-induced coactivator for OCT4-mediated breast cancer stem cell specification. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5000. [PMID: 36490339 PMCID: PMC9733926 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a key characteristic of the breast cancer microenvironment that promotes expression of the transcriptional activator hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and is associated with poor patient outcome. HIF-1 increases the expression or activity of stem cell pluripotency factors, which control breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) specification and are required for cancer metastasis. Here, we identify nuclear prelamin A recognition factor (NARF) as a hypoxia-inducible, HIF-1 target gene in human breast cancer cells. NARF functions as an essential coactivator by recruiting the histone demethylase KDM6A to OCT4 bound to genes encoding the pluripotency factors NANOG, KLF4, and SOX2, leading to demethylation of histone H3 trimethylated at lysine-27 (H3K27me3), thereby increasing the expression of NANOG, KLF4, and SOX2, which, together with OCT4, mediate BCSC specification. Knockdown of NARF significantly decreased the BCSC population in vitro and markedly impaired tumor initiation capacity and lung metastasis in orthotopic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Yang
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chelsey Chen
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qiaozhu Zuo
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haiquan Lu
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shaima Salman
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yajing Lyu
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tina Yi-Ting Huang
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Wicks
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Walter Jackson
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emmanuel Datan
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ru Wang
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nguyet Le
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yayun Zhu
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gregg L. Semenza
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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