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Mahdavi Niyaki Z, Salehzadeh A, Peymani M, Zaefizadeh M. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Fe 3O 4@Glu-Oleuropein Nanoparticles in Targeting KRAS Pathway-Regulating lncRNAs in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3073-3085. [PMID: 37792268 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, the leading cause of death worldwide, has witnessed significant advancements in treatment through targeted therapies. Among the proto-oncogenes prevalent in human cancers, KRAS stands out, and recent research has focused on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as regulators of miRNAs targeting the KRAS oncogene. This study specifically explores lncRNAs involved in the KRAS pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC). To investigate this, researchers employed iron oxide nanoparticles coated with glucose and conjugated with Oleuropein (Fe3O4@Glu-Oleuropein NPs) to evaluate their impact on candidate lncRNAs associated with KRAS pathway deregulation. The study utilized TCGA data to identify genes affected by KRAS mutation and lncRNAs linked to KRAS in CRC. Enrichr and MsigDB databases helped identify relevant pathways. Genes with a correlation coefficient above 0.5 and a P-value less than 0.01 with candidate lncRNAs were selected. MTT and flow cytometry assays determined the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of Fe3O4@Glu-Oleuropein NPs on CRC cells (SW480) and normal cells (HEK293). The findings showed that increased expression of FEZF1-AS1, GAS6-AS1, and LINC00920 correlated with mutated KRAS, and co-expressed genes were significantly involved in hypoxia, KRAS signaling, DNA repair, and IL-2/STAT5 signaling pathways. Fe3O4@Glu-Oleuropein NPs exhibited higher toxicity toward cancer cells, with IC50 values of 92 μg/ml for SW480 and 281 μg/ml for HEK293. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a substantial increase in necrotic and apoptotic cells when treated with Fe3O4@Glu-Oleuropein, along with down-regulation of GAS6-AS1, LINC00920, and FEZF1-AS1 lncRNAs in treated cells. In conclusion, this study highlights the therapeutic potential of Fe3O4@Glu-Oleuropein on colon cancer cells in vitro. The identification of lncRNAs involved in the KRAS pathway provides insights into the underlying mechanisms and offers avenues for further research in targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Salehzadeh
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zaefizadeh
- Department of Biology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
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Mehdinejad S, Peymani M, Salehzadeh A, Zaefizadeh M. Genetic insights and therapeutic potential for colorectal cancer: mutation analysis of KRAS gene and efficacy of Oleuropein-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03182-9. [PMID: 38837069 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to address the challenges of treating advanced stages of colon cancer (CRC) by exploring potential therapeutic options. The research focused on the genetic aspects of CRC, specifically the mutation rate of the KRAS gene, along with other genes like TTN, APC, MUC16, and TP53, using the TCGA dataset. Additionally, the study investigated the efficacy of Oleuropein, a polyphenolic compound found in olives, in combating CRC by using iron oxide nanoparticles coated with glucose and conjugated with Oleuropein. The study characterized the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles, and the cytotoxic effects of the nanoparticles were evaluated on CRC and normal fibroblast cell lines, demonstrating significantly higher cytotoxicity against CRC cells compared to normal cells. Furthermore, the study analyzed gene expression changes using the GSE124627 dataset to understand the influence of KRAS alterations. It identified numerous upregulated and downregulated genes in KRAS-overexpressing samples, suggesting their involvement in critical cancer-related pathways. These findings suggest that KRAS-influenced genes could serve as potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment. The study also examined the expression levels of identified genes in CRC samples compared to normal samples. Among the upregulated genes, 22 showed significant increases in cancer samples, while 14 downregulated genes exhibited decreased expression in both KRAS-influenced and cancer samples. Cox regression analysis identified specific upregulated genes, including ANKZF1, SNAI1, PPFIA4, SIX4, and NOTUM, associated with poor prognosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis further confirmed the correlation between increased expression of these genes and higher patient mortality rates. In conclusion, this study provided valuable insights into the genetic aspects of CRC and potential therapeutic strategies. The use of Oleuropein-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles showed promising cytotoxic effects on colon cancer cells. These findings contribute to advancing our understanding of CRC and offer potential targets for further investigation and the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Ali Salehzadeh
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zaefizadeh
- Department of Biology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
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Yin H, Tang Q, Xia H, Bi F. Targeting RAF dimers in RAS mutant tumors: From biology to clinic. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1895-1923. [PMID: 38799634 PMCID: PMC11120325 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
RAS mutations occur in approximately 30% of tumors worldwide and have a poor prognosis due to limited therapies. Covalent targeting of KRAS G12C has achieved significant success in recent years, but there is still a lack of efficient therapeutic approaches for tumors with non-G12C KRAS mutations. A highly promising approach is to target the MAPK pathway downstream of RAS, with a particular focus on RAF kinases. First-generation RAF inhibitors have been authorized to treat BRAF mutant tumors for over a decade. However, their use in RAS-mutated tumors is not recommended due to the paradoxical ERK activation mainly caused by RAF dimerization. To address the issue of RAF dimerization, type II RAF inhibitors have emerged as leading candidates. Recent clinical studies have shown the initial effectiveness of these agents against RAS mutant tumors. Promisingly, type II RAF inhibitors in combination with MEK or ERK inhibitors have demonstrated impressive efficacy in RAS mutant tumors. This review aims to clarify the importance of RAF dimerization in cellular signaling and resistance to treatment in tumors with RAS mutations, as well as recent progress in therapeutic approaches to address the problem of RAF dimerization in RAS mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yin
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiulin Tang
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongwei Xia
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Bi
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Nair R, Lannagan TRM, Jackstadt R, Andrusaite A, Cole J, Boyne C, Nibbs RJB, Sansom OJ, Milling S. Co-inhibition of TGF-β and PD-L1 pathways in a metastatic colorectal cancer mouse model triggers interferon responses, innate cells and T cells, alongside metabolic changes and tumor resistance. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2330194. [PMID: 38516270 PMCID: PMC10956632 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2330194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate (20-30%), especially due to metastasis to adjacent organs. Clinical responses to chemotherapy, radiation, targeted and immunotherapies are limited to a subset of patients making metastatic CRC (mCRC) difficult to treat. To understand the therapeutic modulation of immune response in mCRC, we have used a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM), "KPN", which resembles the human 'CMS4'-like subtype. We show here that transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), secreted by KPN organoids, increases cancer cell proliferation, and inhibits splenocyte activation in vitro. TGF-β1 also inhibits activation of naive but not pre-activated T cells, suggesting differential effects on specific immune cells. In vivo, the inhibition of TGF-β inflames the KPN tumors, causing infiltration of T cells, monocytes and monocytic intermediates, while reducing neutrophils and epithelial cells. Co-inhibition of TGF-β and PD-L1 signaling further enhances cytotoxic CD8+T cells and upregulates innate immune response and interferon gene signatures. However, simultaneous upregulation of cancer-related metabolic genes correlated with limited control of tumor burden and/or progression despite combination treatment. Our study illustrates the importance of using GEMMs to predict better immunotherapies for mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Nair
- School of infection and immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Anna Andrusaite
- School of infection and immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Cole
- School of infection and immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caitlin Boyne
- School of infection and immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon Milling
- School of infection and immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Zhu H, Li M, Bi D, Yang H, Gao Y, Song F, Zheng J, Xie R, Zhang Y, Liu H, Yan X, Kong C, Zhu Y, Xu Q, Wei Q, Qin H. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes tumor progression in KRAS p.G12D-mutant colorectal cancer by binding to DHX15. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1688. [PMID: 38402201 PMCID: PMC10894276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) promotes intestinal tumor growth and its relative abundance varies greatly among patients with CRC, suggesting the presence of unknown, individual-specific effectors in F. nucleatum-dependent carcinogenesis. Here, we identify that F. nucleatum is enriched preferentially in KRAS p.G12D mutant CRC tumor tissues and contributes to colorectal tumorigenesis in Villin-Cre/KrasG12D+/- mice. Additionally, Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis) competes with F. nucleatum in the G12D mouse model and human CRC tissues with the KRAS mutation. Orally gavaged P. distasonis in mice alleviates the F. nucleatum-dependent CRC progression. F. nucleatum invades intestinal epithelial cells and binds to DHX15, a protein of RNA helicase family expressed on CRC tumor cells, mechanistically involving ERK/STAT3 signaling. Knock out of Dhx15 in Villin-Cre/KrasG12D+/- mice attenuates the CRC phenotype. These findings reveal that the oncogenic effect of F. nucleatum depends on somatic genetics and gut microbial ecology and indicate that personalized modulation of the gut microbiota may provide a more targeted strategy for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Dexi Bi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Huiqiong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yaohui Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Feifei Song
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ruting Xie
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Youhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of Oncology, Yangzhou University Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Cheng Kong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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O’Sullivan NJ, Temperley HC, Horan MT, Corr A, Mehigan BJ, Larkin JO, McCormick PH, Kavanagh DO, Meaney JFM, Kelly ME. Radiogenomics: Contemporary Applications in the Management of Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5816. [PMID: 38136361 PMCID: PMC10741704 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiogenomics, a sub-domain of radiomics, refers to the prediction of underlying tumour biology using non-invasive imaging markers. This novel technology intends to reduce the high costs, workload and invasiveness associated with traditional genetic testing via the development of 'imaging biomarkers' that have the potential to serve as an alternative 'liquid-biopsy' in the determination of tumour biological characteristics. Radiogenomics also harnesses the potential to unlock aspects of tumour biology which are not possible to assess by conventional biopsy-based methods, such as full tumour burden, intra-/inter-lesion heterogeneity and the possibility of providing the information of tumour biology longitudinally. Several studies have shown the feasibility of developing a radiogenomic-based signature to predict treatment outcomes and tumour characteristics; however, many lack prospective, external validation. We performed a systematic review of the current literature surrounding the use of radiogenomics in rectal cancer to predict underlying tumour biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall J. O’Sullivan
- Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland; (M.T.H.)
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- The National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugo C. Temperley
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Michelle T. Horan
- Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland; (M.T.H.)
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- The National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Corr
- Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland; (M.T.H.)
| | - Brian J. Mehigan
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John O. Larkin
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Paul H. McCormick
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Dara O. Kavanagh
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - James F. M. Meaney
- Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland; (M.T.H.)
- The National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael E. Kelly
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute (TSJCI), D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
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Wu JB, Li XJ, Liu H, Liu YJ, Liu XP. Association of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations with clinicopathological features, prognosis and ring finger protein 215 expression in patients with colorectal cancer. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:104. [PMID: 38025833 PMCID: PMC10646763 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationships of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patient are lacking. Furthermore, the role of ring finger protein 215 (RNF215) in CRC patients with KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations remains unclear. In the present study, 182 surgical resection specimens from patients with primary CRC for retrospective analysis, were collected. KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA gene mutations were confirmed by an amplification-refractory mutation system. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to confirm KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA protein expression. RNF215 expression in patients with CRC was evaluated using TIMER 2.0 database and IHC. The individual mutation rates of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA were 40.7% (74/182), 4.4% (8/182), 4.4% (8/182) and 3.3% (6/182), respectively. The KRAS exon 2 mutation rate was the highest (61.5%, 64/104), and these mutations mainly occurred at codons 12 and 13. KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA wild-type CRC patients had significantly longer overall survival and disease-free survival than mutated KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA CRC patients (P<0.05). Overall, 45.4% (5/11) of patients with PIK3CA mutations had concomitant KRAS mutations. The KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA gene mutation rate in patients with lymph node metastasis (76.1%, 35/46) was significantly higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis (50.8%, 69/136) (P=0.0027). There were no significant differences in IHC expression between patients with and without KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations (P>0.05). The TIMER 2.0 analysis showed that RNF215 expression was significantly higher in the mutated BRAF group than in the wild-type BRAF group in CRC (P<0.05). In conclusion, KRAS is the most commonly mutated gene, and KRAS mutations may be a poor prognostic factor for patients with CRC. KRAS wild-type patient resistance may be related to PIK3CA gene mutations, although this needs further verification in larger cohorts. BRAF mutations may be associated with RNF215 expression in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Juan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Khozooei S, Veerappan S, Toulany M. YB-1 activating cascades as potential targets in KRAS-mutated tumors. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1110-1127. [PMID: 37268766 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Y‑box binding protein‑1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional protein that is highly expressed in human solid tumors of various entities. Several cellular processes, e.g. cell cycle progression, cancer stemness and DNA damage signaling that are involved in the response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are tightly governed by YB‑1. KRAS gene with about 30% mutations in all cancers, is considered the most commonly mutated oncogene in human cancers. Accumulating evidence indicates that oncogenic KRAS mediates CRT resistance. AKT and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase are downstream of KRAS and are the major kinases that stimulate YB‑1 phosphorylation. Thus, there is a close link between the KRAS mutation status and YB‑1 activity. In this review paper, we highlight the importance of the KRAS/YB‑1 cascade in the response of KRAS-mutated solid tumors to CRT. Likewise, the opportunities to interfere with this pathway to improve CRT outcome are discussed in light of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Khozooei
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Soundaram Veerappan
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Clevenger AJ, McFarlin MK, Collier CA, Sheshadri VS, Madyastha AK, Gorley JPM, Solberg SC, Stratman AN, Raghavan SA. Peristalsis-Associated Mechanotransduction Drives Malignant Progression of Colorectal Cancer. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:261-281. [PMID: 37811008 PMCID: PMC10550901 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-023-00776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor microenvironment, cancerous and precancerous cells continuously experience mechanical forces associated with peristalsis. Given that mechanical forces like shear stress and strain can positively impact cancer progression, we explored the hypothesis that peristalsis may also contribute to malignant progression in CRC. We defined malignant progression as enrichment of cancer stem cells and the acquisition of invasive behaviors, both vital to CRC progression. Methods We leveraged our peristalsis bioreactor to expose CRC cell lines (HCT116), patient-derived xenograft (PDX1,2) lines, or non-cancerous intestinal cells (HIEC-6) to forces associated with peristalsis in vitro. Cells were maintained in static control conditions or exposed to peristalsis for 24 h prior to assessment of cancer stem cell (CSC) emergence or the acquisition of invasive phenotypes. Results Exposure of HCT116 cells to peristalsis significantly increased the emergence of LGR5+ CSCs by 1.8-fold compared to static controls. Peristalsis enriched LGR5 positivity in several CRC cell lines, notably significant in KRAS mutant lines. In contrast, peristalsis failed to increase LGR5+ in non-cancerous intestinal cells, HIEC-6. LGR5+ emergence downstream of peristalsis was dependent on ROCK and Wnt activity, and not YAP1 activation. Additionally, HCT116 cells adopted invasive morphologies when exposed to peristalsis, with increased filopodia density and epithelial to mesenchymal gene expression, in a Wnt dependent manner. Conclusions Peristalsis associated forces drive malignant progression of CRC via ROCK, YAP1, and Wnt-related mechanotransduction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-023-00776-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J. Clevenger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Maygan K. McFarlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Claudia A. Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Vibha S. Sheshadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Anirudh K. Madyastha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - John Paul M. Gorley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Spencer C. Solberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Shreya A. Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
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Ouyang Y, Zhu Y, Chen H, Li G, Hu X, Luo H, Li Z, Han S. Case Report: Long-term survival of a patient with advanced rectal cancer and multiple pelvic recurrences after seven surgeries. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1169616. [PMID: 37256170 PMCID: PMC10225707 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1169616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rectal cancer has a high risk of recurrence and metastasis, with median survival ranging from 24 months to 36 months. K-RAS mutation is a predictor of poor prognosis in rectal cancer. Advanced rectal cancer can be stopped in its tracks by pelvic exenteration. Case summary A 51-year-old woman was diagnosed with advanced rectal cancer (pT4bN2aM1b, stage IV) with the KRAS G12D mutation due to a change in bowel habits. The patient had experienced repeated recurrences of rectal cancer after initial radical resection, and the tumor had invaded the ovaries, sacrum, bladder, vagina and anus. Since the onset of the disease, the patient had undergone a total of seven surgeries and long-term FOLFIRI- or XELOX-based chemotherapy regimens, with the targeted agents bevacizumab and regorafenib. Fortunately, the patient was able to achieve intraoperative R0 resection in almost all surgical procedures and achieve tumor-free survival after pelvic exenteration. The patient has been alive for 86 months since her diagnosis. Conclusions Patients with advanced rectal cancer can achieve long-term survival through active multidisciplinary management and R0 surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ouyang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Zhu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyi Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Province Huizhou Sixth Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xiongwei Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Province Huizhou Sixth Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Hongyu Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Province Huizhou Sixth Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Saeed H, Leibowitz BJ, Zhang L, Yu J. Targeting Myc-driven stress addiction in colorectal cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 69:100963. [PMID: 37119690 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
MYC is a proto-oncogene that encodes a powerful regulator of transcription and cellular programs essential for normal development, as well as the growth and survival of various types of cancer cells. MYC rearrangement and amplification is a common cause of hematologic malignancies. In epithelial cancers such as colorectal cancer, genetic alterations in MYC are rare. Activation of Wnt, ERK/MAPK, and PI3K/mTOR pathways dramatically increases Myc levels through enhanced transcription, translation, and protein stability. Elevated Myc promotes stress adaptation, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion to drive cancer development and therapeutic resistance through broad changes in transcriptional and translational landscapes. Despite intense interest and effort, Myc remains a difficult drug target. Deregulation of Myc and its targets has profound effects that vary depending on the type of cancer and the context. Here, we summarize recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of Myc-driven oncogenesis centered around mRNA translation and proteostress. Promising strategies and agents under development to target Myc are also discussed with a focus on colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Saeed
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Dept. of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brian J Leibowitz
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Dept. of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Dept. of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Dept. of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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12
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Phan T, Nguyen VH, Su R, Li Y, Qing Y, Qin H, Cho H, Jiang L, Wu X, Chen J, Fakih M, Diamond DJ, Goel A, Melstrom LG. Targeting fat mass and obesity-associated protein mitigates human colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in a murine model. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1087644. [PMID: 36874096 PMCID: PMC9981948 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1087644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant cause of cancer related mortality. Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is a m6A mRNA demethylase that plays an oncogenic role in various malignancies. In this study we evaluated the role of FTO in CRC tumorigenesis. Methods Cell proliferation assays were conducted in 6 CRC cell lines with the FTO inhibitor CS1 (50-3200 nM) (± 5-FU 5-80 mM) and after lentivirus mediated FTO knockdown. Cell cycle and apoptosis assays were conducted in HCT116 cells (24 h and 48 h, 290 nM CS1). Western blot and m6A dot plot assays were performed to assess CS1 inhibition of cell cycle proteins and FTO demethylase activity. Migration and invasion assays of shFTO cells and CS1 treated cells were performed. An in vivo heterotopic model of HCT116 cells treated with CS1 or with FTO knockdown cells was performed. RNA-seq was performed on shFTO cells to assess which molecular and metabolic pathways were impacted. RT-PCR was conducted on select genes down-regulated by FTO knockdown. Results We found that the FTO inhibitor, CS1 suppressed CRC cell proliferation in 6 colorectal cancer cell lines and in the 5-Fluorouracil resistant cell line (HCT116-5FUR). CS1 induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase by down regulation of CDC25C and promoted apoptosis of HCT116 cells. CS1 suppressed in vivo tumor growth in the HCT116 heterotopic model (p< 0.05). Lentivirus knockdown of FTO in HCT116 cells (shFTO) mitigated in vivo tumor proliferation and in vitro demethylase activity, cell growth, migration and invasion compared to shScr controls (p< 0.01). RNA-seq of shFTO cells compared to shScr demonstrated down-regulation of pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation, MYC and Akt/ mTOR signaling pathways. Discussion Further work exploring the targeted pathways will elucidate precise downstream mechanisms that can potentially translate these findings to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Phan
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Vu H Nguyen
- Department of Hematology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Rui Su
- Beckman Research Institute, Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Yangchan Li
- Beckman Research Institute, Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Ying Qing
- Beckman Research Institute, Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Hanjun Qin
- Beckman Research Institute, The Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Hyejin Cho
- Beckman Research Institute, The Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Beckman Research Institute, The Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Beckman Research Institute, Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Marwan Fakih
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Don J Diamond
- Department of Hematology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Laleh G Melstrom
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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13
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Valenzuela G, Burotto M, Marcelain K, González-Montero J. Liquid biopsy to detect resistance mutations against anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1654-1664. [PMID: 36187383 PMCID: PMC9516650 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, associated with a steadily growing prevalence. Notably, the identification of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations has markedly improved targeted CRC therapy by affording treatments directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other anti-angiogenic therapies. However, the survival benefit conferred by these therapies remains variable and difficult to predict, owing to the high level of molecular heterogeneity among patients with CRC. Although classification into consensus molecular subtypes could optimize response prediction to targeted therapies, the acquisition of resistance mutations to targeted therapy is, in part, responsible for the lack of response in some patients. However, the acquisition of such mutations can induce challenges in clinical practice. The utility of liquid biopsy to detect resistance mutations against anti-EGFR therapy has recently been described. This approach may constitute a new standard in the decision algorithm for targeted CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Valenzuela
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago 7500922, Chile
| | - Mauricio Burotto
- Department of Oncology, Bradford-Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago 8420383, Chile
| | - Katherine Marcelain
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Jaime González-Montero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Department of Oncology, Bradford-Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago 8420383, Chile
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14
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Ferreira A, Pereira F, Reis C, Oliveira MJ, Sousa MJ, Preto A. Crucial Role of Oncogenic KRAS Mutations in Apoptosis and Autophagy Regulation: Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142183. [PMID: 35883626 PMCID: PMC9319879 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS, one of the RAS protein family members, plays an important role in autophagy and apoptosis, through the regulation of several downstream effectors. In cancer cells, KRAS mutations confer the constitutive activation of this oncogene, stimulating cell proliferation, inducing autophagy, suppressing apoptosis, altering cell metabolism, changing cell motility and invasion and modulating the tumor microenvironment. In order to inhibit apoptosis, these oncogenic mutations were reported to upregulate anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-xL and survivin, and to downregulate proteins related to apoptosis induction, including thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In addition, KRAS mutations are known to induce autophagy in order to promote cell survival and tumor progression through MAPK and PI3K regulation. Thus, these mutations confer resistance to anti-cancer drug treatment and, consequently, result in poor prognosis. Several therapies have been developed in order to overcome KRAS-induced cell death resistance and the downstream signaling pathways blockade, especially by combining MAPK and PI3K inhibitors, which demonstrated promising results. Understanding the involvement of KRAS mutations in apoptosis and autophagy regulation, might bring new avenues to the discovery of therapeutic approaches for CRCs harboring KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Flávia Pereira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso Reis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-601524
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15
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Lyu N, Pedersen B, Shklovskaya E, Rizos H, Molloy MP, Wang Y. SERS characterization of colorectal cancer cell surface markers upon anti‐EGFR treatment. EXPLORATION 2022; 2:20210176. [PMCID: PMC10190927 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Lyu
- ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics and School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Bernadette Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Elena Shklovskaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Mark P. Molloy
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Kolling Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Yuling Wang
- ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics and School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
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16
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Ruan H, Leibowitz BJ, Peng Y, Shen L, Chen L, Kuang C, Schoen RE, Lu X, Zhang L, Yu J. Targeting Myc-driven stress vulnerability in mutant KRAS colorectal cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:10. [PMID: 35307764 PMCID: PMC8934835 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant KRAS is a key driver in colorectal cancer (CRC) and promotes Myc translation and Myc-dependent stress adaptation and proliferation. Here, we report that the combination of two FDA-approved drugs Bortezomib and Everolimus (RAD001) (BR) is highly efficacious against mutant KRAS CRC cells. Mechanistically, the combination, not single agent, rapidly depletes Myc protein, not mRNA, and leads to GCN2- and p-eIF2α-dependent cell death through the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Cell death is selectively induced in mutant KRAS CRC cells with elevated basal Myc and p-eIF2α and is characterized by CHOP induction and transcriptional signatures in proteotoxicity, oxidative stress, metabolic inhibition, and immune activation. BR-induced p-GCN2/p-eIF2α elevation and cell death are strongly attenuated by MYC knockdown and enhanced by MYC overexpression. The BR combination is efficacious against mutant KRAS patient derived organoids (PDO) and xenografts (PDX) by inducing p-eIF2α/CHOP and cell death. Interestingly, an elevated four-gene (DDIT3, GADD45B, CRYBA4 and HSPA1L) stress signature is linked to shortened overall survival in CRC patients. These data support that Myc-dependent stress adaptation drives the progression of mutant KRAS CRC and serves as a therapeutic vulnerability, which can be targeted using dual translational inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ruan
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Brian J. Leibowitz
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Yingpeng Peng
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Lin Shen
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008 P.R. China
| | - Lujia Chen
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
| | - Charlie Kuang
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Robert E. Schoen
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Xinghua Lu
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Jian Yu
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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17
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Pereira F, Ferreira A, Reis CA, Sousa MJ, Oliveira MJ, Preto A. KRAS as a Modulator of the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment: Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030398. [PMID: 35159208 PMCID: PMC8833974 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations are one of the most frequent oncogenic mutations of all human cancers, being more prevalent in pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers. Intensive efforts have been encouraged in order to understand the effect of KRAS mutations, not only on tumor cells but also on the dynamic network composed by the tumor microenvironment (TME). The relevance of the TME in cancer biology has been increasing due to its impact on the modulation of cancer cell activities, which can dictate the success of tumor progression. Here, we aimed to clarify the pro- and anti-inflammatory role of KRAS mutations over the TME, detailing the context and the signaling pathways involved. In this review, we expect to open new avenues for investigating the potential of KRAS mutations on inflammatory TME modulation, opening a different vision of therapeutic combined approaches to overcome KRAS-associated therapy inefficacy and resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Pereira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Celso Albuquerque Reis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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18
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The Q61H mutation decouples KRAS from upstream regulation and renders cancer cells resistant to SHP2 inhibitors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6274. [PMID: 34725361 PMCID: PMC8560773 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells bearing distinct KRAS mutations exhibit variable sensitivity to SHP2 inhibitors (SHP2i). Here we show that cells harboring KRAS Q61H are uniquely resistant to SHP2i, and investigate the underlying mechanisms using biophysics, molecular dynamics, and cell-based approaches. Q61H mutation impairs intrinsic and GAP-mediated GTP hydrolysis, and impedes activation by SOS1, but does not alter tyrosyl phosphorylation. Wild-type and Q61H-mutant KRAS are both phosphorylated by Src on Tyr32 and Tyr64 and dephosphorylated by SHP2, however, SHP2i does not reduce ERK phosphorylation in KRAS Q61H cells. Phosphorylation of wild-type and Gly12-mutant KRAS, which are associated with sensitivity to SHP2i, confers resistance to regulation by GAP and GEF activities and impairs binding to RAF, whereas the near-complete GAP/GEF-resistance of KRAS Q61H remains unaltered, and high-affinity RAF interaction is retained. SHP2 can stimulate KRAS signaling by modulating GEF/GAP activities and dephosphorylating KRAS, processes that fail to regulate signaling of the Q61H mutant. SHP2 promotes RAS-driven MAPK signalling, but it is unclear why cancer cells with distinct KRAS mutations exhibit differential sensitivity to SHP2 inhibition. Here the authors show that KRAS Q61H is decoupled from SHP2- mediated upstream regulation, thus Q61H pancreatic cancer cells maintain MAPK signalling and are refractory to SHP2 inhibitors.
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19
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Predictive factors for distant recurrence of colorectal cancer in patients after curative resection for stage I-III colorectal cancer in Australia. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 406:2789-2796. [PMID: 34338847 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-021-02273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Distant recurrence is a devastating occurrence after colorectal cancer resection. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for distant recurrence following surgery. METHODS All consecutive colorectal cancer resections with curative intent were included from a prospectively maintained colorectal cancer database. The primary outcome was to identify predictive factors for distant recurrence of colorectal cancer. RESULTS A total of 670 eligible cases were identified with 88 (13.1%) developing distant recurrence during the follow-up period. The median time to distant recurrence was 1.2 years with the most common sites of distant recurrence being the lung (44.3%) and liver (44.3%). Predictive factors for distant recurrence in colon cancer included a high tumor, nodal, and overall stage of the primary cancer (p < 0.001 for all). Surgical complications (p = 0.007), including anastomotic leak (p = 0.023), were associated with a higher risk of developing distant recurrence in rectal cancer patients. Independent variables associated with distant recurrence included tumor stage (OR 1.61, p = 0.011), nodal stage (OR 2.18, p < 0.001), and both KRAS (OR 11.04, p < 0.001) and MLH/PMS2 (OR 0.20, p = 0.035) genetic mutations. Among patients with distant recurrence, treatment with surgery conferred the best survival, with patients < 50 years of age having the best overall 5-year survival. CONCLUSION Predictive factors for distant recurrence include advanced tumor and nodal stages, and the presence of KRAS and MLH/PSM2 mutations. Clinicians should be cognizant of these risk factors, and instate close surveillance plans for patients exhibiting these features.
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20
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Rahmani F, Hashemzehi M, Avan A, Barneh F, Asgharzadeh F, Moradi Marjaneh R, Soleimani A, Parizadeh M, Ferns GA, Ghayour Mobarhan M, Ryzhikov M, Afshari AR, Ahmadian MR, Giovannetti E, Jafari M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Rigosertib elicits potent anti-tumor responses in colorectal cancer by inhibiting Ras signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110069. [PMID: 34214591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic potency of Rigosertib (RGS) in the treatment of the myelodysplastic syndrome has been investigated previously, but little is known about its mechanisms of action. METHODS The present study integrates systems and molecular biology approaches to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-tumor effects of RGS, either alone or in combination with 5-FU in cellular and animal models of colorectal cancer (CRC). RESULTS The effects of RGS were more pronounced in dedifferentiated CRC cell types, compared to cell types that were epithelial-like. RGS inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in a cell-type specific manner, and that was dependent on the presence of mutations in KRAS, or its down-stream effectors. RGS increased both early and late apoptosis, by regulating the expression of p53, BAX and MDM2 in tumor model. We also found that RGS induced cell senescence in tumor tissues by increasing ROS generation, and impairing oxidant/anti-oxidant balance. RGS also inhibited angiogenesis and metastatic behavior of CRC cells, by regulating the expression of CD31, E-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9. CONCLUSION Our findings support the therapeutic potential of this potent RAS signaling inhibitor either alone or in combination with standard regimens for the management of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rahmani
- Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Hashemzehi
- Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Barneh
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Moradi Marjaneh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Parizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amir Reza Afshari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-up, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohieddin Jafari
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
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21
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Morshedi K, Borran S, Ebrahimi MS, Masoud Khooy MJ, Seyedi ZS, Amiri A, Abbasi-Kolli M, Fallah M, Khan H, Sahebkar A, Mirzaei H. Therapeutic effect of curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4834-4897. [PMID: 34173992 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers with a high global prevalence are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, there is a great need to develop efficient therapeutic approaches. Curcumin, a naturally occurring agent, is a promising compound with documented safety and anticancer activities. Recent studies have demonstrated the activity of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of different cancers. According to systematic studies on curcumin use in various diseases, it can be particularly effective in GI cancers because of its high bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, the clinical applications of curcumin are largely limited because of its low solubility and low chemical stability in water. These limitations may be addressed by the use of relevant analogues or novel delivery systems. Herein, we summarize the pharmacological effects of curcumin against GI cancers. Moreover, we highlight the application of curcumin's analogues and novel delivery systems in the treatment of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korosh Morshedi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sarina Borran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Zeynab Sadat Seyedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Amiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Fallah
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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22
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Melosky B, Wheatley-Price P, Juergens RA, Sacher A, Leighl NB, Tsao MS, Cheema P, Snow S, Liu G, Card PB, Chu Q. The rapidly evolving landscape of novel targeted therapies in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2021; 160:136-151. [PMID: 34353680 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease often driven by well-characterized driver mutations. Although the best studied are common alterations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) oncogenes, rapid advances in molecular characterization has led to the development of novel therapeutics that inhibit additional oncogenic alterations in advanced NSCLC. The literature search identified 62 eligible phase I/II clinical trials or integrated analyses of assessing novel targeted agents against the following molecular alterations: ROS1-rearranged, BRAF V600E-mutant, NTRK-rearranged, MET-altered, uncommon EGFR-mutant, RET-rearranged, HER2-positive, KRAS G12C-mutant and NRG1-rearranged. This rapidly evolving field has produced many new targeted treatment options and promising outcomes have led to the FDA approval of seven novel agents for use in ROS1-rearranged, BRAF V600E-mutant, NTRK-rearranged, MET exon 14 skipping-mutant or RET-rearranged advanced NSCLC. Research continues at a rapid pace, with a number of phase III trials underway to fully evaluate new promising agents under development for improving outcomes in patients with NSCLC harboring distinct molecular subtypes. This review will provide a comprehensive summary of existing data as well as a user-friendly guide on the current status of novel targeted therapy in oncogene-driven advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Melosky
- Medical Oncology, BCCA - 600 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada.
| | - Paul Wheatley-Price
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Box 511, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Rosalyn A Juergens
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, ON, L8V5C2, Canada
| | - Adrian Sacher
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 7-913 700 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1Z5, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Parneet Cheema
- William Osler Health System, University of Toronto, 101 Humber College Blvd, Etobicoke, ON, M9V 1R8, Canada
| | - Stephanie Snow
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, 1276 South Park Street Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Paul B Card
- Kaleidoscope Strategic Inc., 146 Marion St., Toronto, ON, M6R 1E7, Canada
| | - Quincy Chu
- Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave, 2nd Floor, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
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23
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Sheffels E, Kortum RL. The Role of Wild-Type RAS in Oncogenic RAS Transformation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050662. [PMID: 33924994 PMCID: PMC8146411 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAS family of oncogenes (HRAS, NRAS, and KRAS) are among the most frequently mutated protein families in cancers. RAS-mutated tumors were originally thought to proliferate independently of upstream signaling inputs, but we now know that non-mutated wild-type (WT) RAS proteins play an important role in modulating downstream effector signaling and driving therapeutic resistance in RAS-mutated cancers. This modulation is complex as different WT RAS family members have opposing functions. The protein product of the WT RAS allele of the same isoform as mutated RAS is often tumor-suppressive and lost during tumor progression. In contrast, RTK-dependent activation of the WT RAS proteins from the two non-mutated WT RAS family members is tumor-promoting. Further, rebound activation of RTK–WT RAS signaling underlies therapeutic resistance to targeted therapeutics in RAS-mutated cancers. The contributions of WT RAS to proliferation and transformation in RAS-mutated cancer cells places renewed interest in upstream signaling molecules, including the phosphatase/adaptor SHP2 and the RasGEFs SOS1 and SOS2, as potential therapeutic targets in RAS-mutated cancers.
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24
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Effect of Cetuximab-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles on the Cytotoxicity and Phenotypic Evolution of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030567. [PMID: 33499047 PMCID: PMC7865832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is estimated to be overexpressed in 60~80% of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is associated with a poor prognosis. Anti-EGFR targeted monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab and panitumumab) have played an important role in the treatment of metastatic CRC. However, the therapeutic response of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies is limited due to multiple resistance mechanisms. With the discovery of new functions for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), we hypothesize that cetuximab-conjugated AuNPs (cetuximab-AuNPs) will not only improve the cytotoxicity for cancer cells, but also introduce expression change of the related biomarkers on cancer cell surface. In this contribution, we investigated the size-dependent cytotoxicity of cetuximab-AuNPs to CRC cell line (HT-29), while also monitored the expression of cell surface biomarkers in response to treatment with cetuximab and cetuximab-AuNPs. AuNPs with the size of 60 nm showed the highest impact for cell cytotoxicity, which was tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Three cell surface biomarkers including epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 (HER-3) were found to be expressed at higher heterogeneity when cetuximab was conjugated to AuNPs. Both surface-enhanced Raman scattering/spectroscopy (SERS) and flow cytometry demonstrated the correlation of cell surface biomarkers in response to the drug treatment. We thus believe this study provides powerful potential for drug-conjugated AuNPs to enhance cancer prognosis and therapy.
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25
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Singh SS, Dahal A, Shrestha L, Jois SD. Genotype Driven Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Resistance, Pan Inhibitors and Immunotherapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5274-5316. [PMID: 30854949 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190222183219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-five percent of patients with lung cancer present with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Targeted therapy approaches are promising treatments for lung cancer. However, despite the development of targeted therapies using Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) as well as monoclonal antibodies, the five-year relative survival rate for lung cancer patients is still only 18%, and patients inevitably become resistant to therapy. Mutations in Kirsten Ras Sarcoma viral homolog (KRAS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are the two most common genetic events in lung adenocarcinoma; they account for 25% and 20% of cases, respectively. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, and ALK rearrangements are responsible for 3-7% of NSCLC, predominantly of the adenocarcinoma subtype, and occur in a mutually exclusive manner with KRAS and EGFR mutations. Among drug-resistant NSCLC patients, nearly half exhibit the T790M mutation in exon 20 of EGFR. This review focuses on some basic aspects of molecules involved in NSCLC, the development of resistance to treatments in NSCLC, and advances in lung cancer therapy in the past ten years. Some recent developments such as PD-1-PD-L1 checkpoint-based immunotherapy for NSCLC are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitanshu S Singh
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, United States
| | - Achyut Dahal
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, United States
| | - Leeza Shrestha
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, United States
| | - Seetharama D Jois
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, United States
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26
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Pterostilbene Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Human Bladder Cancer Cells with Oncogenic HRAS. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102869. [PMID: 33036162 PMCID: PMC7650649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RAS oncoproteins are considered undruggable cancer targets. Nearly 15% of cases of bladder cancer have a mutation of HRAS. The active HRAS contributes to the tumor progression and the risk of recurrence. Using our novel gene expression screening platform, pterostilbene was identified to sensitize cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells with HRAS alterations via RAS-related autophagy and cell senescence pathways, suggesting a potentially chemotherapeutic role of pterostilbene for cisplatin treatment of human bladder cancer with oncogenic HRAS. Pterostilbene is a safe and readily available food ingredient in edible plants worldwide. Exploiting the principle of combination therapy on pterostilbene-enhanced biosensitivity to identify undruggable molecular targets for cancer therapy may have a great possibility to overcome the cisplatin resistance of bladder cancer. Our data make HRAS a good candidate for modulation by pterostilbene for targeted cancer therapy in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin plus gemcitabine. Abstract Analysis of various public databases revealed that HRAS gene mutation frequency and mRNA expression are higher in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Further analysis revealed the roles of oncogenic HRAS, autophagy, and cell senescence signaling in bladder cancer cells sensitized to the anticancer drug cisplatin using the phytochemical pterostilbene. A T24 cell line with the oncogenic HRAS was chosen for further experiments. Indeed, coadministration of pterostilbene increased stronger cytotoxicity on T24 cells compared to HRAS wild-type E7 cells, which was paralleled by neither elevated apoptosis nor induced cell cycle arrest, but rather a marked elevation of autophagy and cell senescence in T24 cells. Pterostilbene-induced autophagy in T24 cells was paralleled by inhibition of class I PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K as well as activation of MEK/ERK (a RAS target) and class III PI3K pathways. Pterostilbene-induced cell senescence on T24 cells was paralleled by increased pan-RAS and decreased phospho-RB expression. Coadministration of PI3K class III inhibitor 3-methyladenine or MEK inhibitor U0126 suppressed pterostilbene-induced autophagy and reversed pterostilbene-enhanced cytotoxicity, but did not affect pterostilbene-elevated cell senescence in T24 cells. Animal study data confirmed that pterostilbene enhanced cytotoxicity of cisplatin plus gemcitabine. These results suggest a therapeutic application of pterostilbene in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer with oncogenic HRAS.
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27
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Liu Z, Li X, Ma J, Li D, Ju H, Liu Y, Chen Y, He X, Zhu Y. Integrative Analysis of the IQ Motif-Containing GTPase-Activating Protein Family Indicates That the IQGAP3-PIK3C2B Axis Promotes Invasion in Colon Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8299-8311. [PMID: 32903879 PMCID: PMC7445521 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s257729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer (CRC) is a common type of tumour, and IQGAP family proteins play an important role in many tumours. However, their roles in CRC remain unclear. Methods First, we searched many public databases to comprehensively analyze expression of IQGAPs in CRC. Next, real-time PCR, immunohistochemical (IHC), transwell, siRNA transfection and Western blot assays were used to evaluate relationships among IQGAP3 expression, clinical pathological parameters and CRC prognosis, and the underlying molecular mechanism was investigated. Results IQGAP3 was elevated in CRC tissues, whereas there was no significant change in expression of IQGAP1 or IQGAP2. Additionally, IQGAP3 expression in CRC tissues was associated with tumour progression, invasion and poor prognosis. In mechanistic studies, we found that IQGAP3 was positively coexpressed with PIK3C2B. In an in vitro assay, the PIK3C2B expression level was increased after exogenous overexpression of IQGAP3, resulting in the promotion of cell invasion, which was blocked by pretransfecting cells with PIK3C2B siRNA. Furthermore, we found that high expression of IQGAP3 and PIK3C2B correlated with tumour stage and vessel invasion in human CRC, whereby patients with high expression of both in tumours had a worse prognosis compared with patients with single-positive or double-negative tumours. Conclusion The results of our current study and corresponding previous studies provide evidence that IQGAP3 is elevated in CRC and promotes colon cancer growth and metastasis by regulating PIK3C2B activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research & Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research & Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixing Ju
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research & Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research & Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinbo Chen
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research & Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xujun He
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research & Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
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Coelomic Fluid of Eisenia fetida Ameliorates Cetuximab to Reduce K-Ras and Vimentin Expression through Promoting RUNX3 in an AOM/DSS-Induced Colitis Associated Colon Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9418520. [PMID: 32765634 PMCID: PMC7387963 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9418520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a major risk factor that increases the occurrence of colorectal cancer. In colorectal cancer due to colitis, intestinal inflammation plays an important role which causes DNA damage. The aim of this study is to investigate the anticancer effect of coelomic fluid of Eisenia fetida (CFEF) and cetuximab combinations. Colitis associated colon cancer was induced in BALB/c mice by DSS/AOM. The mice were randomly divided into six groups: group 1 received vehicle (control), groups 2–6 received DSS/AOM, groups 3–5 received cetuximab + CFEF (30, 60, or 120 mg/kgBW), and group 6 received CFEF only. After the 12th week of treatments, the colon tissues were removed for histological examination and immune-fluorescence. Intestinal Epithelial Cells (CECs) were analyzed by flow cytometer. Administration of CFEF significantly decreased the severity of DSS/AOM-induced CAC in a dose-dependent manner. The combinations of CFEF-cetuximab were revealed by histological change. The CFEF significantly reduced the severity scores (P < 0.05). The combinations of CFEF-cetuximab significantly inhibited K-Ras and vimentin expressions, whereas the percentage of RUNX3 significantly increased in CECs. The increasing of RUNX3 could prevent EMT, so that it can decrease K-Ras and vimentin to suppressed cell invasion and migration by CFEF. Our results suggest that CFEF has the therapeutic potential to CAC.
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29
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Li ZN, Zhao L, Yu LF, Wei MJ. BRAF and KRAS mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer: future perspectives for personalized therapy. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 8:192-205. [PMID: 32665851 PMCID: PMC7333923 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide and 30% of patients with CRC experience metastasis. Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have a 5-year overall survival rate of <10%. V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) and V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten ratsarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations are mostly studied in mCRC, as clinical trials found that first-line chemotherapy with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agent confers limited efficacy for mCRC. Treatment decisions for early-stage mCRC do not consider BRAF or KRAS mutations, given the dramatically poor prognosis conferred by these mutations in clinical trials. Thus, it is necessary to identify patients with mCRC harboring BRAF or KRAS mutations to formulate rational therapeutic strategies to improve prognosis and survival. BRAF and KRAS mutations occur in ∼10% and ∼44% of patients with mCRC, respectively. Although the survival rate of patients with mCRC has improved in recent years, the response and prognosis of patients with the aforementioned mutations are still poor. There is a substantial unmet need for prospective personalized therapies for patients with BRAF- or KRAS-mutant mCRC. In this review, we focus on BRAF and KRAS mutations to understand the mechanisms underlying resistance and improving the response rate, outcomes, and prognosis of patients with mCRC bearing these mutations and to discuss prospective personalized therapies for BRAF- and KRAS-mutant mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Nan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Li-Feng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Min-Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
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30
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Cooley R, Kara N, Hui NS, Tart J, Roustan C, George R, Hancock DC, Binkowski BF, Wood KV, Ismail M, Downward J. Development of a cell-free split-luciferase biochemical assay as a tool for screening for inhibitors of challenging protein-protein interaction targets. Wellcome Open Res 2020. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15675.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the interaction of proteins with weak binding affinities or low solubility represents a particular challenge for drug screening. The NanoLuc ® Binary Technology (NanoBiT ®) was originally developed to detect protein-protein interactions in live mammalian cells. Here we report the successful translation of the NanoBit cellular assay into a biochemical, cell-free format using mammalian cell lysates. We show that the assay is suitable for the detection of both strong and weak protein interactions such as those involving the binding of RAS oncoproteins to either RAF or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) effectors respectively, and that it is also effective for the study of poorly soluble protein domains such as the RAS binding domain of PI3K. Furthermore, the RAS interaction assay is sensitive and responds to both strong and weak RAS inhibitors. Our data show that the assay is robust, reproducible, cost-effective, and can be adapted for small and large-scale screening approaches. The NanoBit Biochemical Assay offers an attractive tool for drug screening against challenging protein-protein interaction targets, including the interaction of RAS with PI3K.
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31
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Chen X, Zou F, Hu Z, Du G, Yu P, Wang W, Wang H, Ye L, Tian J. PCC0208023, a potent SHP2 allosteric inhibitor, imparts an antitumor effect against KRAS mutant colorectal cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 398:115019. [PMID: 32335126 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, encoded by PTPN11, plays an indispensable role in tumors driven by oncogenic KRAS mutations, which frequently occur in colorectal cancer. Here, PCC0208023, a potent SHP2 allosteric inhibitor, was synthesized to evaluate its inhibitory effects against the SHP2 enzyme, and the KRAS mutant colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo, and its impart on the RAS/MAPK pathway. Consistent with an allosteric mode of inhibition, PCC0208023 can non-competitively inhibit the activity of full-length SHP2 enzyme, but lacks activity against the free catalytic domain of SHP2. Furthermore, PCC0208023 inhibited the proliferation of KRAS mutation-driven human colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway in vitro. Importantly, PCC0208023 displayed good anti-tumor efficacy against KRAS-driven LS180 and HCT116 xenograft models in nude mice with the decreased Ki67 and p-ERK level, and increased cleaved caspase-3 expression in tumors. Interestingly, PCC0208023 maintained high levels in LS180 tumors within 24 h after administration and was mainly distributed in both intestines and lungs. Molecular docking studies revealed a higher affinity of PCC0208023 with key residues in the SHP2 allosteric pocket than RMC-4550. PCC0208023 deserves further optimization to identify additional low-toxic and potent SHP2 allosteric inhibitors with novel scaffolds for the treatment of patients with KRAS mutation-positive colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Fangxia Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Zhengping Hu
- School of Public Health and Management & Institute of Toxicology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Guangying Du
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- School of Public Health and Management & Institute of Toxicology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Liang Ye
- School of Public Health and Management & Institute of Toxicology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
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32
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Ruan H, Leibowitz BJ, Zhang L, Yu J. Immunogenic cell death in colon cancer prevention and therapy. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:783-793. [PMID: 32215970 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The colonic mucosa constitutes a critical barrier and a major site of immune regulation. The immune system plays important roles in cancer development and treatment, and immune activation caused by chronic infection or inflammation is well-known to increase cancer risk. During tumor development, neoplastic cells continuously interact with and shape the tumor microenvironment (TME), which becomes progressively immunosuppressive. The clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade therapies is limited to a small set of CRCs with high tumor mutational load and tumor-infiltrating T cells. Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD), a type of cell death eliciting an immune response, can therefore help break the immunosuppressive TME, engage the innate components, and prime T cell-mediated adaptive immunity for long-term tumor control. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of ICD induced by antineoplastic agents, the influence of driver mutations, and recent developments to harness ICD in colon cancer. Mechanism-guided combinations of ICD-inducing agents with immunotherapy and actionable biomarkers will likely offer more tailored and durable benefits to patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ruan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian J Leibowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lin Zhang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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33
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Park S, Kim M, Hong Y, Lee H, Tran Q, Kim C, Kwon SH, Park J, Park J, Kim SH. Myristoylated TMEM39AS41, a cell-permeable peptide, causes lung cancer cell death. Toxicol Res 2020; 36:123-130. [PMID: 32257924 PMCID: PMC7099121 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Most patients with non-small cell lung cancer die within several years of the initial diagnosis, and new therapies are desperately needed. Transmembrane protein (TMEM) 39AS41, a synthetic peptide, was generated from the protein kinase B substrate motif 34GLRNRNGSAIGLPVP48 found in the human TMEM39A protein. Myristic acid was conjugated to the N-terminus of the peptide to confer cell permeability. In this study, we found that in vitro TMEM39AS41 peptide led to cell death via inhibition of inflammation/autophagy pathways in KRAS-mutated cell and tissues. In addition, TMEM39A, at a dose of 30 mg/kg, significantly suppressed tumor growth in KRASLA1 non-small cell lung cancer mice. These results suggest that the TMEM39AS41 peptide could have therapeutic potential for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- 1Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea.,2Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- 1Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea.,2Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea
| | - Youngeun Hong
- 1Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea.,2Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- 1Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea.,2Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea
| | - Quangdon Tran
- 1Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea.,2Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Kim
- 1Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea.,2Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- 3College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983 Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- 1Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea.,2Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea.,4Department of Life Science, Hyehwa Liberal Arts College, LINC Plus Project Group, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 34520 Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- 1Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea.,2Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea
| | - Seon-Hwan Kim
- 5Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Korea
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Cooley R, Kara N, Hui NS, Tart J, Roustan C, George R, Hancock DC, Binkowski BF, Wood KV, Ismail M, Downward J. Development of a cell-free split-luciferase biochemical assay as a tool for screening for inhibitors of challenging protein-protein interaction targets. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:20. [PMID: 32587898 PMCID: PMC7308888 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15675.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the interaction of proteins with weak binding affinities or low solubility represents a particular challenge for drug screening. The NanoLuc â ® Binary Technology (NanoBiT â ®) was originally developed to detect protein-protein interactions in live mammalian cells. Here we report the successful translation of the NanoBit cellular assay into a biochemical, cell-free format using mammalian cell lysates. We show that the assay is suitable for the detection of both strong and weak protein interactions such as those involving the binding of RAS oncoproteins to either RAF or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) effectors respectively, and that it is also effective for the study of poorly soluble protein domains such as the RAS binding domain of PI3K. Furthermore, the RAS interaction assay is sensitive and responds to both strong and weak RAS inhibitors. Our data show that the assay is robust, reproducible, cost-effective, and can be adapted for small and large-scale screening approaches. The NanoBit Biochemical Assay offers an attractive tool for drug screening against challenging protein-protein interaction targets, including the interaction of RAS with PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julian Downward
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, UK, London, UK
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35
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Verma HK, Kampalli PK, Lakkakula S, Chalikonda G, Bhaskar LV, Pattnaik S. A Retrospective Look at Anti-EGFR Agents in Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:958-966. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191122104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background:The introduction of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) and small-molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) that target the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), marks a huge step forward in the Pancreatic Cancer (PC) therapy. However, anti-EGFR therapy is found to be successful only in a fraction of patients. Although anti-EGFR agents have shown considerable clinical promise, a serious adverse event associated with anti- EGFR therapy has been challenging. At this juncture, there is still more to be done in the search for effective predictive markers with therapeutic applicability.Methods:A focused literature search was conducted to summarize the existing evidence on anti-EGFR agents in pancreatic cancer therapy.Results:This review discusses various anti-EGFR agents currently in use for PC therapy and potential adverse effects associated with it. Existing evidence on EGFR TKIs demonstrated better tolerant effects and outcomes with multiple toxic regimens. Anti-EGFR therapy in combination with chemotherapy is necessary to achieve the best clinical outcomes.Conclusion:Future prospective studies on the identification of additional biological agents and novel anti-EGFR agents are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henu K. Verma
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Endocrinology and Oncology, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Gayathri Chalikonda
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta GA-30322, United States
| | | | - Smaranika Pattnaik
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, India
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36
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Grau L, Romero M, Privat-Contreras C, Presa D, Viñas M, Morral J, Pors K, Rubio-Martinez J, Pujol MD. Multigram scale synthesis of polycyclic lactones and evaluation of antitumor and other biological properties. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111807. [PMID: 31675512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient four-step synthesis of tetracyclic lactones from 1,4-benzodioxine-2-carboxylic acid was developed. Ellipticine derivatives exhibit antitumor activity however only a few derivatives without carbazole subunit have been studied to date. Herein, several tetracyclic lactones were synthesized and biologically evaluated. Several compounds (2a, 3a, 4a and 5a) were found to be inhibitors of the Kras-Wnt pathway. The lactone 2a also exerted a potent inhibition of Tau protein translation and was shown to have capacity for CYP1A1-bioactivation. The results obtained are further evidence of the therapeutic potential of tetracyclic lactones related to ellipticine. Molecular modeling studies showed that compound 2a is inserted between helix α3 and α4 of the KRas protein making interactions with the hydrophobic residues Phe90, Glu91, Ile9364, Hie94, Leu133 and Tyr137and a hydrogen bond with residue Arg97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grau
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Romero
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Privat-Contreras
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Institute de Recerca en Quimica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Presa
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Miquel Viñas
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Morral
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Jaime Rubio-Martinez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Institute de Recerca en Quimica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Dolors Pujol
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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37
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Mattox TE, Chen X, Maxuitenko YY, Keeton AB, Piazza GA. Exploiting RAS Nucleotide Cycling as a Strategy for Drugging RAS-Driven Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010141. [PMID: 31878223 PMCID: PMC6982188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in RAS genes result in the elevation of cellular active RAS protein levels and increased signal propagation through downstream pathways that drive tumor cell proliferation and survival. These gain-of-function mutations drive over 30% of all human cancers, presenting promising therapeutic potential for RAS inhibitors. However, many have deemed RAS “undruggable” after nearly 40 years of failed drug discovery campaigns aimed at identifying a RAS inhibitor with clinical activity. Here we review RAS nucleotide cycling and the opportunities that RAS biochemistry presents for developing novel RAS inhibitory compounds. Additionally, compounds that have been identified to inhibit RAS by exploiting various aspects of RAS biology and biochemistry will be covered. Our current understanding of the biochemical properties of RAS, along with reports of direct-binding inhibitors, both provide insight on viable strategies for the discovery of novel clinical candidates with RAS inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler E. Mattox
- Drug Discovery Research Center, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (X.C.); (Y.Y.M.); (A.B.K.); (G.A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Xi Chen
- Drug Discovery Research Center, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (X.C.); (Y.Y.M.); (A.B.K.); (G.A.P.)
- ADT Pharmaceuticals, Orange Beach, AL 36561, USA
| | - Yulia Y. Maxuitenko
- Drug Discovery Research Center, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (X.C.); (Y.Y.M.); (A.B.K.); (G.A.P.)
| | - Adam B. Keeton
- Drug Discovery Research Center, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (X.C.); (Y.Y.M.); (A.B.K.); (G.A.P.)
- ADT Pharmaceuticals, Orange Beach, AL 36561, USA
| | - Gary A. Piazza
- Drug Discovery Research Center, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (X.C.); (Y.Y.M.); (A.B.K.); (G.A.P.)
- ADT Pharmaceuticals, Orange Beach, AL 36561, USA
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38
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Wu CS, Wu SY, Chen HC, Chu CA, Tang HH, Liu HS, Hong YR, Huang CYF, Huang GC, Su CL. Curcumin functions as a MEK inhibitor to induce a synthetic lethal effect on KRAS mutant colorectal cancer cells receiving targeted drug regorafenib. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 74:108227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Chen F, Alphonse MP, Liu Y, Liu Q. Targeting Mutant KRAS for Anticancer Therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2098-2113. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190902151307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
:Over the past decades, designing therapeutic strategies to target KRAS-mutant cancers, which is one of the most frequent mutant oncogenes among all cancer types, have proven unsuccessful regardless of many concerted attempts. There are key challenges for KRAS-mutant anticancer therapy, as the complex cellular processes involved in KRAS signaling has present. Herein, we highlight the emerging therapeutic approaches for inhibiting KRAS signaling and blocking KRAS functions, in hope to serve as a more effective guideline for future development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqian Chen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79416, United States
| | - Martin P. Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, Suite 216, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, Suite 216, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
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40
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Igder S, Mohammadiasl J, Azadpour S, Mansouri E, Ashktorab H, Mokarram P. KRAS mutation and abnormal expression of Cripto-1 as two potential candidate biomarkers for detection of colorectal cancer development. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2901-2908. [PMID: 31692030 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), regardless of standard procedures of treatment and screening, is still considered one of the deadliest cancers in the Western world, and in economically developed Asian countries, especially Iran. The current study was undertaken to investigate whether changes in the level of Cripto-1 (CR-1) expression and KRAS mutations have a cumulative effect on the onset and progression of CRC. Fifty colorectal tissue samples, including 35 colorectal carcinomas with matching adjacent mucosa, and 15 colorectal adenomas, were chosen for analysis. Twenty-five CRC biopsies and 15 adenoma were analyzed for KRAS mutations by DNA sequencing (Sanger sequencing), and all 50 patients (35 CRCs and 15 adenomas) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for the CR-1 protein expression. The inducible somatic KRAS mutation (G12D) was observed in nine (36%) of CRC patients, and in two (13.3%) of adenoma patients. The CR-1 expression level in both adenomas (P < .05) and carcinomas (P < .001), were significantly different, compared with the matching adjacent mucosa. The intensity of CR-1 staining in adenomas was less than the intensity of staining, detected in the CRCs (P < .001). The G12D KRAS mutation and CR-1 abnormalities are significantly associated as two signature biomarkers with potential clinical characteristics for the detection of CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Igder
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadiasl
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shima Azadpour
- Faculty Member of Hematology Department, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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41
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Sabra R, Billa N, Roberts CJ. Cetuximab-conjugated chitosan-pectinate (modified) composite nanoparticles for targeting colon cancer. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118775. [PMID: 31678385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we successfully developed a cetuximab-conjugated modified citrus pectin-chitosan nanoparticles for targeted delivery of curcumin (Cet-MCPCNPs) for the treatment of colorectal cancer. In vitro analyses revealed that nanoparticles were spherical with size of 249.33 ± 5.15 nm, a decent encapsulation efficiency (68.43 ± 2.4%) and a 'smart' drug release profile. 61.37 ± 0.70% of cetuximab was adsorbed to the surface of the nanoparticles. Cellular uptake studies displayed enhanced internalization of Cet-MCPCNPs in Caco-2 (EGFR +ve) cells, which ultimately resulted in a significant reduction in cancer cell propagation. The cell cycle analysis indicated that Cet- MCPCNPs induced cell death in enhanced percentage of Caco-2 cells by undergoing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. These data suggest that Cet-MCPCNPs represent a new and promising targeting approach for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Sabra
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nashiru Billa
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Clive J Roberts
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Park Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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42
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Brubaker DK, Paulo JA, Sheth S, Poulin EJ, Popow O, Joughin BA, Strasser SD, Starchenko A, Gygi SP, Lauffenburger DA, Haigis KM. Proteogenomic Network Analysis of Context-Specific KRAS Signaling in Mouse-to-Human Cross-Species Translation. Cell Syst 2019; 9:258-270.e6. [PMID: 31521603 PMCID: PMC6816257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The highest frequencies of KRAS mutations occur in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The ability to target downstream pathways mediating KRAS oncogenicity is limited by an incomplete understanding of the contextual cues modulating the signaling output of activated K-RAS. We performed mass spectrometry on mouse tissues expressing wild-type or mutant Kras to determine how tissue context and genetic background modulate oncogenic signaling. Mutant Kras dramatically altered the proteomes and phosphoproteomes of preneoplastic and neoplastic colons and pancreases in a context-specific manner. We developed an approach to statistically humanize the mouse networks with data from human cancer and identified genes within the humanized CRC and PDAC networks synthetically lethal with mutant KRAS. Our studies demonstrate the context-dependent plasticity of oncogenic signaling, identify non-canonical mediators of KRAS oncogenicity within the KRAS-regulated signaling network, and demonstrate how statistical integration of mouse and human datasets can reveal cross-species therapeutic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas K Brubaker
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shikha Sheth
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily J Poulin
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olesja Popow
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Samantha Dale Strasser
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alina Starchenko
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Kevin M Haigis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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43
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Lanfredini S, Thapa A, O'Neill E. RAS in pancreatic cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:961-972. [PMID: 31341034 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is a gland composed mainly by endocrine and exocrine cells, giving rise to three main tumour types. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour or PNET arise from the endocrine portion of the pancreas. On the contrary, pancreatic exocrine neoplasms include pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and acinar cell carcinoma. PDAC is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. It has been shown that less than 3% of PDAC patients have an overall survival of up to 5 years in the U.K. This mainly arises since the majority of patients diagnosed with PDAC present with advanced unresectable disease, which is highly resistant to all forms of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Activating mutations of an isoform of the RAS protein, KRAS, are found in almost all PDAC cases and occur during early stages of malignant transformation. KRAS mutations play a critical role as they are involved in both initiating and maintaining PDAC development. The interaction of RAS with GDP/GTP along with its recruitment to the membrane affects transduction of its activating signals to downstream effectors. In this review, we aim to summarise different mutations of RAS and their prevalence in pancreatic cancer along with other RAS-induced tumours. In addition, we briefly discuss the genetically engineered mouse models that have been developed to study KRAS-mutated adenocarcinomas in the pancreas. These provide an opportunity to also address the importance of targeting RAS for better treatment response in PDAC patients along with the challenges incurred herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lanfredini
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Asmita Thapa
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
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Flavopereirine Suppresses the Growth of Colorectal Cancer Cells through P53 Signaling Dependence. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071034. [PMID: 31336690 PMCID: PMC6678721 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The outcome of CRC patients remains poor. Thus, a new strategy for CRC treatment is urgently needed. Flavopereirine is a β-carboline alkaloid extracted from Geissospermum vellosii, which can reduce the viability of various cancer cells through an unknown mode of action. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional mechanism and therapeutic potential of flavopereirine on CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that flavopereirine significantly lowered cellular viability, caused intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, and induced G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in CRC cells. Flavopereirine downregulated Janus kinases-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAKs-STATs) and cellular myelocytomatosis (c-Myc) signaling in CRC cells. In contrast, the enforced expressions of constitutive active STAT3 and c-Myc could not restore flavopereirine-induced viability reduction. Moreover, flavopereirine enhanced P53 expression and phosphorylation in CRC cells. CRC cells with P53 knockout or loss-of-function mutation significantly diminished flavopereirine-mediated viability reduction, indicating that P53 activity plays a major role in flavopereirine-mediated CRC cell growth suppression. Flavopereirine also significantly repressed CRC cell xenograft growth in vivo by upregulating P53 and P21 and inducing apoptosis. In conclusion, flavopereirine-mediated growth suppression in CRC cells depended on the P53-P21, but not the JAKs-STATs-c-Myc signaling pathway. The present study suggests that flavopereirine may be efficacious in the clinical treatment of CRC harboring functional P53 signaling.
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Rachmawati M, Yulianti H, Hernowo BS, Suryanti S, Wijaya I, Rahadiani N, Heriyanto DS, Irianiwati I. The Correlation of KRAS Gene Expression and P53 Immunoexpression in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1940-1945. [PMID: 31406533 PMCID: PMC6684412 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (ADCCR) is the third most cancer not only in the world but also in Indonesia. There were 623 cases of ADCCR at Dr Hasan Sadikin hospital within 2015-2017. Both KRAS and TP53 mutation are known as genes which involve in carcinogenesis through the same pathway, namely the chromosomal instability pathway. In West Java, researches focusing on mutation KRAS and p53 also a correlation between both biomarkers among ADCCR patients are still limited. AIM: Therefore, this research aimed to perceive a correlation between KRAS gene expression with p53 immunoexpression in ADCCR. METHODS: Cross section research design was performed to 62 cases of ADCCR as paraffin block taken from 4 hospitals in West Java, including Dr Hasan Sadikin hospital Bandung, Santosa hospital Bandung, Borromeus hospital Bandung and Syamsudin hospital Sukabumi from January 1st 2014 to 31s November 2018. KRAS mutation gene data taken from secondary data at molecular laboratory in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta and Dr Sardjito Hospital Jogjakarta, while the detection of p53 immunoexpression data using immunohistochemical staining was carried out in the Laboratorium of Anatomical Pathology of Padjadjaran University (Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital). All data were analysed using Chi-Square test with p-value < 0,05 of significant level then proceeded with Stata ver.11 for windows. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that KRAS gene expressions from 62 sample consist of 39 wild type KRAS (62.39%) and 23 mutant KRAS (37.1%). The p53 immunoexpression consists of 27 negative cases (non-mutant p53) and 35 mutant p53, which includes 10 cases as focal expression (16.33%) and 25 cases as diffuse expressions (40.33%). There is a significant association between KRAS gene expression and p53 immunoexpressions in ADCCR (p = 0.04), with mild positive correlation (Rho 0.28). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that KRAS and p53 mutations are involved in carcinogenesis, and the p53 mutation is a more dominant risk factor than KRAS mutation among West Java people. P53 mutations with diffuse pattern tend to express mutant KRAS while p53 negative and having a focal pattern tend to express wt KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Rachmawati
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Oncology and Stem Cells Research Centre, Padjadjaran University, Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.,Department of Pathology Anatomy, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Herry Yulianti
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Oncology and Stem Cells Research Centre, Padjadjaran University, Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bethy S Hernowo
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Oncology and Stem Cells Research Centre, Padjadjaran University, Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sri Suryanti
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Oncology and Stem Cells Research Centre, Padjadjaran University, Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Indra Wijaya
- Department of Interne Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr Hasan Sadikin, Hospital Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nur Rahadiani
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Indonesia University, Cipto Mangun Kusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Didik S Heriyanto
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Gajah Mada University, Sardjito Hospital, Jogjakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irianiwati Irianiwati
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Gajah Mada University, Sardjito Hospital, Jogjakarta, Indonesia
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Anvarnia A, Mohaddes‐Gharamaleki F, Asadi M, Akbari M, Yousefi B, Shanehbandi D. Dysregulated microRNAs in colorectal carcinogenesis: New insight to cell survival and apoptosis regulation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21683-21693. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Anvarnia
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Farzad Mohaddes‐Gharamaleki
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Milad Asadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Igder S, Mohammadiasl J, Mokarram P. Altered miR-21, miRNA-148a Expression in Relation to KRAS Mutation Status as Indicator of Adenoma-Carcinoma Transitional Pattern in Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma Lesions. Biochem Genet 2019; 57:767-780. [PMID: 30997628 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a fatal disease, mostly known as the silent killer, due to the fact that this disease is asymptomatic before diagnosis in advanced stage. Screening and the early detection of CRC and colorectal adenoma (CRA) by non-aggressive molecular biomarkers' signature is useful for improvement of survival rate in CRC patients. To achieve such a goal, a better understanding of distinct molecular abnormalities as candidate biomarkers in CRC development is crucial. In this study, seventy-five archived FFPE CRC samples, including colorectal adenocarcinoma, adenomatous polyps (adenoma), and adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa were collected for the investigation by Sanger sequencing at the DNA level and by real-time PCR at the RNA level. The results of the KRAS mutational analysis have shown that the majority of somatic mutations in the KRAS affect only one codon, mainly codon 12(p.G12D) with low frequency in adenomas (13.3%) versus CRCs (36%). The results of dysregulated epigenetic changes of miR-21 clearly showed upregulation of expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma, compared to non-neoplastic mucosa, in colorectal adenoma vs non-neoplastic mucosa: (p < 0.001) and in CRC versus adenoma (p < 0.001); while miR-148a expression were significantly downregulated in CRC, compared to non-neoplastic mucosa, in colorectal adenoma vs non-neoplastic mucosa, and in adenoma vs CRC (p < 0.001). Our findings support the important role of miR-21 in stages I-II of CRC, and the KRAS G12D mutant, and differential miR-148a expression, in advanced stages of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Igder
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadiasl
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Colorectal Cancer Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box 1167, Shiraz, Iran.
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Zong X, Yang JX, Zhang Y, Cao DY, Shen K, You Y, Guo LN. Postchemotherapy sarcoma as a somatic-type malignancy derived from the gonadal yolk sac tumor in a patient with 46, XY pure gonadal dysgenesis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2365-2372. [PMID: 30992672 PMCID: PMC6445222 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s192111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
46, XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (PGD) is characterized as a female phenotype with strip-like gonads, which has a high tendency to develop into gonadal tumors. Somatic-type malignancies of germ cell tumors (SMs of GCTs) refer to the presence of malignant non-germ cell histologies admixed with GCTs, which are usually chemoresistant and indicate poor prognosis. This case report aimed to analyze the special histological type of GCTs and the importance of salvage surgery in the treatment of refractory GCTs. We report a unique case of gonadal yolk sac tumor (YST) transformed into SMs in a patient with 46, XY PGD. This 18-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic pelvic tumor resection, considered her first surgery, 2 years ago, and pathology revealed YST with initial alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level measuring >3,000 ng/mL. She underwent seven cycles of chemotherapy, and the AFP level decreased to within a normal range after the second cycle. However, a computed tomography scan after the seventh cycle revealed abdominal and pelvic metastases, and vaginal bleeding was continuously observed. Laparoscopic exploration and laparotomy with tumor subtotal resection were performed. A pathology report showed SMs (sarcoma) derived from YST. Whole exome sequencing demonstrated that the main somatic mutation was a non-synonymous mutation of KRAS (c.182A>G), and this result did not show any indications for targeted drugs. She received three cycles of PEI (cisplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide) chemotherapy but showed no response. She refused to undergo further treatment and has been alive with the disease for 7 months. This suggests that SMs may be one of the reasons for chemoresistance of refractory GCTs, and salvage surgery may be one of the most effective treatments for this patient. Targeted therapy may be a new choice for chemoresistant GCTs, but drug selection must be based on gene sequencing, and its efficacy still needs to be verified by further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Dong-Yan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wang-Bishop L, Chen Z, Gomaa A, Lockhart AC, Salaria S, Wang J, Lewis KB, Ecsedy J, Washington K, Beauchamp RD, El-Rifai W. Inhibition of AURKA Reduces Proliferation and Survival of Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells With Activated KRAS by Preventing Activation of RPS6KB1. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:662-675.e7. [PMID: 30342037 PMCID: PMC6368861 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Activation of KRAS signaling and overexpression of the aurora kinase A (AURKA) are often detected in luminal gastrointestinal cancers. We investigated regulation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 (RPS6KB1) by AURKA and the effects of alisertib, an AURKA inhibitor, in mice xenograft tumors grown from human gastrointestinal cancer cells with mutant, activated forms of KRAS. METHODS We tested the effects of alisertib or AURKA overexpression or knockdown in 10 upper gastrointestinal or colon cancer cell lines with KRAS mutations or amplifications using the CellTiter-Glo luminescence and clonogenic cell survival assays. We used the proximity ligation in situ assay to evaluate protein co-localization and immunoprecipitation to study protein interactions. Nude mice with xenograft tumors grown from HCT116, SNU-601, SW480, or SNU-1 cells were given oral alisertib (40 mg/kg, 5 times/wk) for 4 weeks. Tumor samples were collected and analyzed by immunoblots and immunohistochemistry. Tissue microarrays from 151 paraffin-embedded human colon tumors, with adjacent normal and adenoma tissues, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for levels of AURKA. RESULTS Alisertib reduced proliferation and survival of the cell lines tested. AURKA knockdown or inhibition with alisertib reduced levels of phosphorylated RPS6KB1 (at T389) and increased levels of proteins that induce apoptosis, including BIM, cleaved PARP, and cleaved caspase 3. AURKA co-localized and interacted with RPS6KB1, mediating RPS6KB1 phosphorylation at T389. We detected AURKA-dependent phosphorylation of RPS6KB1 in cell lines with mutations in KRAS but not in cells with wild-type KRAS. Administration of alisertib to mice with xenograft tumors significantly reduced tumor volumes (P < .001). Alisertib reduced phosphorylation of RPS6KB1 and Ki-67 and increased levels of cleaved caspase 3 in tumor tissues. In analyses of tissue microarrays, we found significant overexpression of AURKA in gastrointestinal tumor tissues compared with non-tumor tissues (P = .0003). CONCLUSION In studies of gastrointestinal cancer cell lines with activated KRAS, we found AURKA to phosphorylate RPS6KB1, promoting cell proliferation and survival and growth of xenograft tumors in mice. Agents that inhibit AURKA might slow the growth of gastrointestinal tumors with activation of KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang-Bishop
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Ahmed Gomaa
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Albert Craig Lockhart
- Division of Medical Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Safia Salaria
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Keeli B. Lewis
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey Ecsedy
- Translational Medicine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | - Kay Washington
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert Daniel Beauchamp
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare system, Miami, Florida.
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50
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Ai L, Ren Y, Li Y, Chen H, Qian Y, Lu S, Xu A, Ren L, Zhao S, Chen Z, Chen Y, Xu J, Fang J. Synbindin deficiency inhibits colon carcinogenesis by attenuating Wnt cascade and balancing gut microbiome. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:206-220. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luoyan Ai
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yimeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yiting Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Shiyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Antao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Linlin Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Shuliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Zhaofei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Ying‐Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Jing‐Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
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