1
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Meng Q, Hao Y, Yang M, Du Y, Wang S. Development and validation of ELISA method for quantification of Q-1802 in serum and its application to pharmacokinetic study in ICR Mouse. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116138. [PMID: 38636191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Q-1802 is a humanized bispecific antibody targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2). It can bind to CLDN18.2 and mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells. The Fc segment of the antibody recognizing PD-L1 blocks PD-1 signaling and activates innate immunity and adaptive immunity. In this study, we report the development, validation, and application of sensitive and high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to measure the concentrations of Q-1802 in ICR mouse serum. The assay is sensitive, with a lower limit of quantification of 50 ng/mL, has a broad dynamic range of 50-3200 ng/mL, and exhibits excellent precision and accuracy. These assays were successfully applied to in vitro serum stability and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a highly sensitive and selective method for measuring Q-1802 in ICR mouse serum. The development and validation steps of assays met the required criteria for validation, which suggested that these can be applied to quantify Q-1802, as well as in PK studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Meng
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yimeng Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Medicilon Preclinical Research (Shanghai) LLC, Shanghai, China
| | - Yejie Du
- Qure Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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2
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Katoh M, Nakayama I, Wainberg ZA, Shitara K, Katoh M. Monoclonal antibodies that target fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 isoform b and Claudin-18 isoform 2 splicing variants in gastric cancer and other solid tumours. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1736. [PMID: 38877656 PMCID: PMC11178514 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Izuma Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Zev A Wainberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masaru Katoh
- M & M Precision Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Jin WM, Zhu Y, Cai ZQ, He N, Yu ZQ, Li S, Yang JY. Progress of Clinical Studies Targeting Claudin18.2 for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2024:10.1007/s10620-024-08435-4. [PMID: 38769225 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Claudin18.2 is a tight junction protein, highly selective, generally expressed only in normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells, which can effectively maintain the polarity of epithelial and endothelial cells, thus effectively regulating the permeability and conductance of the paracellular pathway. Abnormal expression of Claudin18.2 can occur in various primary malignant tumors, especially gastrointestinal tumors, and even in metastatic foci. It regulates its expression by activating the aPKC/MAPK/AP-1 pathway, and therefore, the Claudin18.2 protein is a pan-cancer target expressed in primary and metastatic lesions in human cancer types. Zolbetuximab (IMAB362), an antibody specific for Claudin18.2, has been successfully tested in a phase III clinical trial, and the results of the study showed that combining Zolbetuximab with chemotherapy notably extends patients' survival and is expected to be a potential first-line treatment for patients with Claudin18.2(+)/HER-2(-) gastric cancer. Here, we systematically describe the biological properties and oncogenic effects of Claudin18.2, centering on its clinical-pathological aspects and the progress of drug studies in gastric cancer, which can help to further explore its clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Mei Jin
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na He
- Department of General, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiong Yu
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yuan Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Nakayama I, Qi C, Chen Y, Nakamura Y, Shen L, Shitara K. Claudin 18.2 as a novel therapeutic target. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:354-369. [PMID: 38503878 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Claudin 18.2, a tight-junction molecule predominantly found in the nonmalignant gastric epithelium, becomes accessible on the tumour cell surface during malignant transformation, thereby providing an appealing target for cancer therapy. Data from two phase III trials testing the anti-claudin 18.2 antibody zolbetuximab have established claudin 18.2-positive advanced-stage gastric cancers as an independent therapeutic subset that derives benefit from the addition of this agent to chemotherapy. This development has substantially increased the percentage of patients eligible for targeted therapy. Furthermore, newer treatments, such as high-affinity monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells and antibody-drug conjugates capable of bystander killing effects, have shown considerable promise in patients with claudin 18.2-expressing gastric cancers. This new development has resulted from drug developers moving beyond traditional targets, such as driver gene alterations or growth factors. In this Review, we highlight the biological rationale and explore the clinical activity of therapies that target claudin 18.2 in patients with advanced-stage gastric cancer and explore the potential for expansion of claudin 18.2-targeted therapies to patients with other claudin 18.2-positive solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuma Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Changsong Qi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
- Translational Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
- International Research Promotion Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
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5
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Wang J, Dong T, Gong X, Li D, Sun J, Luo Y, Wu H. Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of the FIC CLDN18.2/4-1BB Bispecific Antibody in Rhesus Monkeys. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:291-300. [PMID: 38115178 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231221282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, particularly in China, with over half a million new cases and over 400 thousand deaths in 2022. Zolbetuximab, a first-in-class investigational monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting tumor-associated antigen CLDN18.2 which is highly expressed on gastric cancer cells, was recently reported to meet the primary endpoint in Phase III trial as first-line treatment in CLDN18.2 positive and HER2-negative gastric cancers. In the present study, we developed a humanized bispecific antibody (bsAb) CLDN18.2/4-1BB named PM1032. PM1032 activates immune cells via CLDN18.2 mediated crosslinking of 4-1BB, a potent stimulator of T/NK cells. It induced strong immunological memory in multiple tumor-bearing animal models, indicating significant potential as an effective treatment for CLDN18.2 positive cancers such as gastric cancer. Since liver and gastrointestinal (GI) related toxicities were reported in 4-1BB and CLDN18.2 targeting programs during the clinical development, respectively, extensive pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety profile characterization of PM1032 was performed in rhesus monkeys. PM1032 had a half-life comparable to a conventional IgG1 mAb, and serum drug concentration increased in a dose-dependent pattern. Furthermore, PM1032 was generally well tolerated, with no significant abnormalities observed in toxicity studies, including the liver and stomach. In summary, PM1032 demonstrated good PK and an exceptional safety profile in rhesus monkeys supporting further investigation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- TriApex Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Dong
- New Drug Technology Department, Biotheus Inc., Zhuhai, China
- TriApex Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjiang Gong
- New Drug Technology Department, Biotheus Inc., Zhuhai, China
- TriApex Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Deli Li
- TriApex Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Joanne Sun
- New Drug Technology Department, Biotheus Inc., Zhuhai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- New Drug Discovery and Development, Biotheus Inc., Zhuhai, China
- Clinical Pharmacy Innovation Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huazhang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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6
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Kuwata T. Molecular classification and intratumoral heterogeneity of gastric adenocarcinoma. Pathol Int 2024. [PMID: 38651937 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancers frequently harbor striking histological complexity and diversity between lesions as well as within single lesions, known as inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, respectively. The latest World Health Organization Classification of Tumors designated more than 30 histological subtypes for gastric epithelial tumors, assigning 12 subtypes for gastric adenocarcinoma (GAD). Meanwhile, recent advances in genome-wide analyses have provided molecular aspects to the histological classification of GAD, and consequently revealed different molecular traits underlying these histological subtypes. Moreover, accumulating knowledge of comprehensive molecular profiles has led to establishing molecular classifications of GAD, which are often associated with clinical biomarkers for therapeutics and prognosis. However, most of our knowledge of GAD molecular profiles is based on inter-tumoral heterogeneity, and the molecular profiles underlying intratumoral heterogeneity are yet to be determined. In this review, recently established molecular classifications of GAD are introduced in the aspect of pathological diagnosis and are discussed in the context of intratumoral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kuwata
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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7
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Zeng Z, Li L, Tao J, Liu J, Li H, Qian X, Yang Z, Zhu H. [ 177Lu]Lu-labeled anti-claudin-18.2 antibody demonstrated radioimmunotherapy potential in gastric cancer mouse xenograft models. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1221-1232. [PMID: 38062170 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most prevalent and deadliest tumors worldwide, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. The development of a CLDN18.2-targeted radioimmunotherapy probe is a potential treatment option for GC. METHODS The CLDN18.2 antibody TST001 (provided by Transcenta) was conjugated with DOTA and radiolabeled with the radioactive nuclide 177Lu. The specificity and targeting ability were evaluated by cell uptake, imaging and biodistribution experiments. In BGC823CLDN18.2/AGSCLDN18.2 mouse models, the efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-TST001 against CLDN18.2-expressing tumors was demonstrated, and toxicity was evaluated by H&E staining and blood sample testing. RESULTS [177Lu]Lu-TST001 was labeled with an 99.17%±0.32 radiochemical purity, an 18.50 ± 1.27 MBq/nmol specific activity and a stability of ≥ 94% after 7 days. It exhibited specific and high tumor uptake in CLDN18.2-positive xenografts of GC mouse models. Survival studies in BGC823CLDN18.2 and AGSCLDN18.2 tumor-bearing mouse models indicated that a low dose of 5.55 MBq and a high dose of 11.10 MBq [177Lu]Lu-TST001 significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to the saline control group, with the 11.1 MBq group showing better therapeutic efficacy. Histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Ki67 immunohistochemistry of residual tissues confirmed tumor tissue destruction and reduced tumor cell proliferation following treatment. H&E showed that there was no significant short-term toxicity observed in the heart, spleen, stomach or other important organs when treated with a high dose of [177Lu]Lu-TST001, and no apparent hematotoxicity or liver toxicity was observed. CONCLUSION In preclinical studies, [177Lu]Lu-TST001 demonstrated significant antitumor efficacy with acceptable toxicity. It exhibits strong potential for clinical translation, providing a new promising treatment option for CLDN18.2-overexpressing tumors, including GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jinping Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Suzhou Transcenta Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215127, China
| | - Xueming Qian
- Suzhou Transcenta Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215127, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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8
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Xu Q, Jia C, Ou Y, Zeng C, Jia Y. Dark horse target Claudin18.2 opens new battlefield for pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1371421. [PMID: 38511141 PMCID: PMC10951399 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1371421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest malignant tumors, which is a serious threat to human health and life, and it is expected that pancreatic cancer may be the second leading cause of cancer death in developed countries by 2030. Claudin18.2 is a tight junction protein expressed in normal gastric mucosal tissues, which is involved in the formation of tight junctions between cells and affects the permeability of paracellular cells. Claudin18.2 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer and is associated with the initiation, progression, metastasis and prognosis of cancer, so it is considered a potential therapeutic target. Up to now, a number of clinical trials for Claudin18.2 are underway, including solid tumors such as pancreatic cancers and gastric cancers, and the results of these trials have not yet been officially announced. This manuscript briefly describes the Claudia protein, the dual roles of Cluadin18 in cancers, and summarizes the ongoing clinical trials targeting Claudin18.2 with a view to integrating the research progress of Claudin18.2 targeted therapy. In addition, this manuscript introduces the clinical research progress of Claudin18.2 positive pancreatic cancer, including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, CAR-T cell therapy, and hope to provide feasible ideas for the clinical treatment of Claudin18.2 positive pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Caiyan Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Ou
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanxiu Zeng
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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9
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Stan A, Bosart K, Kaur M, Vo M, Escorcia W, Yoder RJ, Bouley RA, Petreaca RC. Detection of driver mutations and genomic signatures in endometrial cancers using artificial intelligence algorithms. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299114. [PMID: 38408048 PMCID: PMC10896512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Analyzed endometrial cancer (EC) genomes have allowed for the identification of molecular signatures, which enable the classification, and sometimes prognostication, of these cancers. Artificial intelligence algorithms have facilitated the partitioning of mutations into driver and passenger based on a variety of parameters, including gene function and frequency of mutation. Here, we undertook an evaluation of EC cancer genomes deposited on the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancers (COSMIC), with the goal to classify all mutations as either driver or passenger. Our analysis showed that approximately 2.5% of all mutations are driver and cause cellular transformation and immortalization. We also characterized nucleotide level mutation signatures, gross chromosomal re-arrangements, and gene expression profiles. We observed that endometrial cancers show distinct nucleotide substitution and chromosomal re-arrangement signatures compared to other cancers. We also identified high expression levels of the CLDN18 claudin gene, which is involved in growth, survival, metastasis and proliferation. We then used in silico protein structure analysis to examine the effect of certain previously uncharacterized driver mutations on protein structure. We found that certain mutations in CTNNB1 and TP53 increase protein stability, which may contribute to cellular transformation. While our analysis retrieved previously classified mutations and genomic alterations, which is to be expected, this study also identified new signatures. Additionally, we show that artificial intelligence algorithms can be effectively leveraged to accurately predict key drivers of cancer. This analysis will expand our understanding of ECs and improve the molecular toolbox for classification, diagnosis, or potential treatment of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Stan
- Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Marion, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Korey Bosart
- Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Marion, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mehak Kaur
- Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Marion, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Martin Vo
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wilber Escorcia
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ryan J Yoder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Marion, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Renee A Bouley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Marion, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ruben C Petreaca
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Marion, Ohio, United States of America
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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10
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Li D, Ding L, Chen Y, Wang Z, Zeng Z, Ma X, Huang H, Li H, Qian X, Yang Z, Zhu H. Exploration of radionuclide labeling of a novel scFv-Fc fusion protein targeting CLDN18.2 for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116134. [PMID: 38266552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), due to its highly selective expression in tumor cells, has made breakthrough progress in clinical research and is expected to be integrated into routine tumor diagnosis and treatment. METHODS In this research, we obtained an scFv-Fc fusion protein (SF106) targeting CLDN18.2 through hybridoma technology. The scFv-Fc fusion protein was labeled with radioactive isotopes (124I and 177Lu) to generate the radio-probes. The targeting and specificity of the radio-probes were tested in cellular models, and its diagnostic and therapeutic potential was further evaluated in tumor-bearing models. RESULTS The molecular probes [124I]I-SF106 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-SF106 possess high radiochemical purity (RCP, 98.18 ± 0.93 % and 97.05 ± 1.1 %) and exhibit good stability in phosphate buffer saline and 5 % human serum albumin (92.44 ± 4.68 % and 91.03 ± 2.42 % at 120 h). [124I]I-SF106 uptake in cells expressing CLDN18.2 was well targeted and specific, and the dissociation constant was 17.74 nM [124I]I-SF106 micro-PET imaging showed that the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was significantly higher than CLDN18.2-negative tumors (1.83 ± 0.02 vs. 1.23 ± 0.04, p < 0.001). The maximum uptake was attained in tumors expressing CLDN18.2 at 48 h after injection. [124I]I-SF106 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-SF106 dosimetric study showed that the effective dose in humans complies with the medical safety standards required for their clinical application. The results of treatment experiments showed that 3 MBq of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-SF106 in CLDN18.2-expressing tumor-bearing mice could significantly inhibit tumor growth. CONCLUSION These results indicate that radionuclide-labeled scFv-Fc molecular probes ([124I]I-SF106 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-SF106) provide a new possibility for the diagnosis and treatment of CLDN18.2-positive cancer patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ziqing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaopan Ma
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Suzhou Transcenta Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xueming Qian
- Suzhou Transcenta Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Hua Zhu
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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11
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Mathias-Machado MC, de Jesus VHF, Jácome A, Donadio MD, Aruquipa MPS, Fogacci J, Cunha RG, da Silva LM, Peixoto RD. Claudin 18.2 as a New Biomarker in Gastric Cancer-What Should We Know? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:679. [PMID: 38339430 PMCID: PMC10854563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a formidable global health challenge, ranking among the top-five causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The majority of patients face advanced stages at diagnosis, with a mere 6% five-year survival rate. First-line treatment for metastatic GC typically involves a fluoropyrimidine and platinum agent combination; yet, predictive molecular markers have proven elusive. This review navigates the evolving landscape of GC biomarkers, with a specific focus on Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) as an emerging and promising target. Recent phase III trials have unveiled the efficacy of Zolbetuximab, a CLDN18.2-targeting antibody, in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for CLDN18.2-positive metastatic GC. As this novel therapeutic avenue unfolds, understanding the nuanced decision making regarding the selection of anti-CLDN18.2 therapies over other targeted agents in metastatic GC becomes crucial. This manuscript reviews the evolving role of CLDN18.2 as a biomarker in GC and explores the current status of CLDN18.2-targeting agents in clinical development. The aim is to provide concise insights into the potential of CLDN18.2 as a therapeutic target and guide future clinical decisions in the management of metastatic GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecília Mathias-Machado
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Oncoclínicas, São Paulo 04538-132, Brazil; (M.D.D.); (M.P.S.A.); (R.D.P.)
| | | | - Alexandre Jácome
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Oncoclínicas, Belo Horizonte 30360-680, Brazil;
| | - Mauro Daniel Donadio
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Oncoclínicas, São Paulo 04538-132, Brazil; (M.D.D.); (M.P.S.A.); (R.D.P.)
| | | | - João Fogacci
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Oncoclínicas, Rio de Janeiro 22775-003, Brazil;
| | - Renato Guerino Cunha
- Cellular Therapy Program, Division of Hematology, Oncoclínicas, São Paulo 04538-132, Brazil;
| | | | - Renata D’Alpino Peixoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Oncoclínicas, São Paulo 04538-132, Brazil; (M.D.D.); (M.P.S.A.); (R.D.P.)
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12
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Angerilli V, Ghelardi F, Nappo F, Grillo F, Parente P, Lonardi S, Luchini C, Pietrantonio F, Ugolini C, Vanoli A, Fassan M. Claudin-18.2 testing and its impact in the therapeutic management of patients with gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas: A literature review with expert opinion. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155145. [PMID: 38277741 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a member of the tight junction protein family and is a highly selective biomarker with frequent abnormal expression during the occurrence and development of various primary malignant tumors, including gastric cancer (GC) and esophago-gastric junction adenocarcinomas (EGJA). For these reasons, CLDN18.2 has been investigated as a therapeutic target for GC/EGJA malignancies. Recently, zolbetuximab has been proposed as a new standard of care for patients with CLDN18.2-positive, HER2-negative, locally advanced and metastatic GC/EGJA. The use of CLDN18 IHC assays to select patients who might benefit from anti-CLDN18.2 therapy is currently entering clinical practice. In this setting, pathologists play a central role in therapeutic decision-making. Accurate biomarker assessment is essential to ensure the best therapeutic option for patients. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive overview of available evidence on CLDN18.2 testing and its impact on the therapeutic management of patients with GC/EGJA, as well as some practical suggestions for CLDN18.2 staining interpretation and potential pitfalls in the real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Angerilli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Ghelardi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Floriana Nappo
- Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, Italy.
| | - Paola Parente
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Medical Oncology 3, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Ugolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vanoli
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), Padua, Italy
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13
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O'Brien NA, McDermott MSJ, Zhang J, Gong KW, Lu M, Hoffstrom B, Luo T, Ayala R, Chau K, Liang M, Madrid AM, Donahue TR, Glaspy JA, Presta L, Slamon DJ. Development of a Novel CLDN18.2-directed Monoclonal Antibody and Antibody-Drug Conjugate for Treatment of CLDN18.2-Positive Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1365-1375. [PMID: 37788341 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastric and pancreatic cancers are malignancies of high unmet clinical need. Expression of CLDN18.2 in these cancers, coupled with it's absence from most normal tissues, provides a potential therapeutic window against this target. We present preclinical development and characterization of a novel therapeutic mAb and antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting CLDN18.2. A humanized CLDN18.2 specific mAb, CLDN18.2-307-mAb, was generated through immunization in mice followed by full humanization of the mouse mAb sequences. Antibody clones were screened by flow cytometry for selective binding to membrane bound CLDN18.2. A CLDN18.2-directed ADC (CLDN18.2-307-ADC) was also generated by conjugating MMAE to CLDN18.2 mAb using a cleavable linker. Tissue expression of CLDN18.2 was determined by IHC assay using a CLDN18.2-specific mAb. CLDN18.2-307-mAb binds with high affinity to CLDN18.2-positive (CLDN18.2+) cells and induces antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Treatment with this CLDN18.2-mAb blocked the growth of CLDN18.2+ gastric and pancreas cancer cell line xenograft (CDX) models. Upon binding to the extracellular domain of this target, the CLDN18.2-ADC/CLDN18.2 protein was internalized and subsequently localized to the lysosomal compartment inducing complete and sustained tumor regressions in CLDN18.2+ CDXs and patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts (PDX). A screen of human cancer tissues, by IHC, found 58% of gastric, 60% of gastroesophageal junction, and 20% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas to be positive for membrane expression of CLDN18.2. These data support clinical development of the CLDN18.2-307-mAb and CLDN18.2-307-ADC for treatment of CLDN18.2+ cancers. Both are now being investigated in phase I clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martina S J McDermott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ke Wei Gong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin Hoffstrom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tong Luo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Raul Ayala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kevin Chau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Athena M Madrid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Timothy R Donahue
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - John A Glaspy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Leonard Presta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dennis J Slamon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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14
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Wang A, Zhao K, Zhang M, Zhang S, Li M, Sun J, Guo D, Liang Z. Claudin18.2 expression in pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:12923-12929. [PMID: 37466797 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a unique type of lung adenocarcinoma with a high recurrence rate and limited treatment strategies. The tight-junction-associated protein claudin18.2 is a new therapeutic target for several solid tumors. This study aimed to detect the expression of claudin18.2 in IMA and its clinicopathological association with the disease. METHODS The expression of claudin18.2 was immunohistochemically evaluated in an IMA cohort of 84 patients, who underwent partial pneumonectomy between January 2017 and December 2021. Positive staining for claudin18.2 was defined as ≥ 10% of tumor cells showing ≥ 1 + membrane staining or any ≥ 2 + membrane staining. RESULTS Claudin18.2 was detected in 76.2% (64/84) of IMA patients, significantly higher than that in non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMA). 46.4% (39/84) of the IMA patients met the enrollment criteria of the clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies (≥ 75% of tumor cells demonstrating ≥ 2 + staining intensity). Positive staining for claudin18.2 was significantly associated with smaller tumor size (p = 0.010), less pleural invasion (p = 0.019), and earlier pN stage (p < 0.001). Expression of claudin18.2 was not related to prognosis in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS To summarize, in this study we found that claudin18.2 was remarkably highly expressed in IMA and the overexpression was associated with low invasive capacity. Thus, this protein appears to be a promising therapeutic target and deserves further investigation in IMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yike Gao
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Clinical Biobank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Clinical Biobank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Clinical Biobank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Clinical Biobank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- Clinical Biobank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Guo
- Clinical Biobank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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15
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Bähr-Mahmud H, Ellinghaus U, Stadler CR, Fischer L, Lindemann C, Chaturvedi A, Diekmann J, Wöll S, Biermann I, Hebich B, Scharf C, Siefke M, Roth AS, Rao M, Brettschneider K, Ewen EM, Şahin U, Türeci Ö. Preclinical characterization of an mRNA-encoded anti-Claudin 18.2 antibody. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2255041. [PMID: 37860278 PMCID: PMC10583639 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2255041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMAB362/Zolbetuximab, a first-in-class IgG1 antibody directed against the cancer-associated gastric-lineage marker CLDN18.2, has recently been reported to have met its primary endpoint in two phase 3 trials as a first-line treatment in combination with standard of care chemotherapy in CLDN18.2-positive Her2 negative advanced gastric cancer. Here we characterize the preclinical pharmacology of BNT141, a nucleoside-modified RNA therapeutic encoding the sequence of IMAB362/Zolbetuximab, formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) for liver uptake. We show that the mRNA-encoded antibody displays a stable pharmacokinetic profile in preclinical animal models, mediates CLDN18.2-restricted cytotoxicity comparable to IMAB362 recombinant protein and inhibits human tumor xenograft growth in immunocompromised mice. BNT141 administration did not perpetrate mortality, clinical signs of toxicity, or gastric pathology in animal studies. A phase 1/2 clinical trial with BNT141 mRNA-LNP has been initiated in advanced CLDN18.2-expressing solid cancers (NCT04683939).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Uğur Şahin
- BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany
- TRON gGmbH–Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Özlem Türeci
- BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany
- HI-TRON (Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology) Mainz by DKFZ, Mainz, Germany
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16
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Liang Z, Liu L, Li W, Lai H, Li L, Wu J, Zhang H, Fang C. Efficacy and safety of zolbetuximab for first-line treatment of advanced Claudin 18. 2-positive gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1258347. [PMID: 37886169 PMCID: PMC10598679 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1258347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Zolbetuximab is a "first-in-class" chimeric lgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting Claudin18.2 (CLDN 18.2). In recent years, several important trials have been published showing that zolbetuximab is associated with improved prognosis in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma. This promises great change to the current treatment landscape. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zolbetuximab for first-line treatment of advanced CLDN 18. 2-positive G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. Methods The following databases were searched for relevant studies: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library (updated 10 June 2023). All randomized trials comparing zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy versus first-line chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of advanced CLDN 18. 2-positive G/GEJ adenocarcinoma were eligible for inclusion. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4.1 (Cochrane collaboration software). Primary outcomes and measures included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events (AEs). Results This systematic review and meta-analysis included three randomized controlled studies involving 1,402 patients (699 receiving zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy and 703 receiving chemotherapy alone). Compared with chemotherapy alone, zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy significantly improved OS (HR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.68-0.84) and PFS (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50-0.82), but did not result in a higher ORR (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.82-1.03). Further analysis of CLDN 18.2 expression showed a more significant benefit for OS (HR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.55-0.87; p = 0.002) and PFS (HR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44-0.84; p = 0.003) from zolbetuximab in patients with high expression, while there was significant benefit in patients with lower expression. In terms of AEs, zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy was associated with higher risk of grade 3 and higher AEs, but increased risk of nausea and vomiting were more common. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the effect of zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy was superior to that of chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of advanced CLDN 18.2-positive G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. Thus, zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy represents a new first-line treatment for these patients. Zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy was associated with higher risk of grade 3 and higher AEs, but was generally manageable. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier (CRD42023437126).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cantu Fang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
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Grizzi G, Venetis K, Denaro N, Bonomi M, Celotti A, Pagkali A, Hahne JC, Tomasello G, Petrelli F, Fusco N, Ghidini M. Anti-Claudin Treatments in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: Mainstream and Upcoming Strategies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082973. [PMID: 37109309 PMCID: PMC10142079 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins (CLDNs) are a multigene family of proteins and the principal components of tight junctions (TJs), which normally mediate cell-cell adhesion and selectively allow the paracellular flux of ions and small molecules between cells. Downregulation of claudin proteins increases the paracellular permeability of nutrients and growth stimuli to malignant cells, which aids the epithelial transition. Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) was identified as a promising target for the treatment of advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEAC), with high levels found in almost 30% of metastatic cases. CLDN18.2 aberrations, enriched in the genomically stable subgroup of GEAC and the diffuse histological subtype, are ideal candidates for monoclonal antibodies and CAR-T cells. Zolbetuximab, a highly specific anti-CLDN18.2 monoclonal antibody, demonstrated efficacy in phase II studies and, more recently, in the phase III SPOTLIGHT trial, with improvements in both PFS and OS with respect to standard chemotherapy. Anti-CLDN18.2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells showed a safety profile with a prevalence of hematologic toxicity in early phase clinical trials. The aim of this review is to present new findings in the treatment of CLDN18.2-positive GEAC, with a particular focus on the monoclonal antibody zolbetuximab and on the use of engineered anti-CLDN18.2 CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Grizzi
- Operative Unit of Oncology, ASST of Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Kostantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nerina Denaro
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Bonomi
- Operative Unit of Oncology, ASST of Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Andrea Celotti
- Department of Surgery, ASST of Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Antonia Pagkali
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Jens Claus Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Gianluca Tomasello
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fausto Petrelli
- Oncology Unit, Medical Sciences Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, 24047 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Chen J, Xu Z, Hu C, Zhang S, Zi M, Yuan L, Cheng X. Targeting CLDN18.2 in cancers of the gastrointestinal tract: New drugs and new indications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1132319. [PMID: 36969060 PMCID: PMC10036590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1132319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract greatly contribute to the global cancer burden and cancer-related death. Claudin-18.2(CLDN18.2), a transmembrane protein, is a major component of tight junctions and plays an important role in the maintenance of barrier function. Its characteristic widespread expression in tumour tissues and its exposed extracellular loops make it an ideal target for researchers to develop targeted strategies and immunotherapies for cancers of the GI tract. In the present review, we focus on the expression pattern of CLDN18.2 and its clinical significance in GI cancer. We also discuss the tumour-promoting and/or tumour-inhibiting functions of CLDN18.2, the mechanisms regulating its expression, and the current progress regarding the development of drugs targeting CLDN18.2 in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengli Zi
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Yuan, ; Xiangdong Cheng,
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Yuan, ; Xiangdong Cheng,
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19
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Wu S, Xu P, Zhang F. Advances in targeted therapy for gastric cancer based on tumor driver genes. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 53:73-83. [PMID: 38413217 PMCID: PMC10938109 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
As the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of gastric cancer deepens and the identification of gastric cancer driver genes advances, drugs targeting gastric cancer driver genes have been applied in clinical practice. Among them, trastuzumab, as the first targeted drug for gastric cancer, effectively inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells by targeting overexpressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Trastuzumab has become the standard treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer patients. Ramucirumab, on the other hand, inhibits tumor angiogenesis by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and has been used as second-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer patients. In addition, bemarituzumab targets overexpressed fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), while zolbetuximab targets overexpressed claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), significantly extending progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer in clinical trials. This article reviews the roles of tumor driver genes in the progression of gastric cancer, and the treatment strategies for gastric cancer primarily based on targeting HER2, VEGF, FGFR2, CLDN18.2 and MET. This provides a reference for clinical application of targeted therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Wu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Pinglong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Institute of Intelligent Medicine, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China.
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Institute of Intelligent Medicine, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China.
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20
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Lordick F, Thuss-Patience P, Bitzer M, Maurus D, Sahin U, Türeci Ö. Immunological effects and activity of multiple doses of zolbetuximab in combination with zoledronic acid and interleukin-2 in a phase 1 study in patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-022-04459-3. [PMID: 36607429 PMCID: PMC10356865 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Zolbetuximab (IMAB362) is engineered to induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. We evaluated ADCC activity and the impact of the immune-modulating drugs zoledronic acid (ZA) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) as co-treatment with zolbetuximab on relevant immune cell populations and ADCC lysis activity. METHODS This phase 1, multicenter, open-label study investigated the immunological effects and activity, safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity of multiple doses of zolbetuximab alone (n = 5) or in combination with ZA (n = 7) or with ZA plus two different dose levels of IL-2 (low dose: 1 million international units [mIU] [n = 9]; intermediate dose: 3 mIU [n = 7]) in pretreated patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients with previously treated advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma that was CLDN18.2-expressing were enrolled into four treatment arms. Treatment with zolbetuximab + ZA + IL-2 induced short-lived expansion and activation of ADCC-mediating cell populations, namely γ9δ2 T cells and natural killer cells, within 2 days after administration; this effect was more pronounced with intermediate-dose IL-2. Expansion and activation of regulatory T cells treated with either IL2 dose was moderate and short-lived. Strong ADCC activity was observed with zolbetuximab alone. Short-lived ADCC activity was observed in several patients treated with ZA + intermediate-dose IL-2, but not lower-dose IL-2. In the clinical efficacy population, the best confirmed response was stable disease (n = 11/19; 58%). CONCLUSIONS Zolbetuximab mediates proficient ADCC in patients with pretreated advanced G/GEJ cancers. Co-treatment with ZA + IL-2 did not further improve this effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01671774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lordick
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Pulmonology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstraße 22, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Peter Thuss-Patience
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Maurus
- Ganymed Pharmaceuticals GmbH (Formerly Ganymed Pharmaceuticals AG), Mainz, Germany.,Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Ci3-Cluster of Individualized Immune Intervention, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- Translational Oncology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Freiligrathstraße 12, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Özlem Türeci
- Ganymed Pharmaceuticals GmbH (Formerly Ganymed Pharmaceuticals AG), Mainz, Germany.,Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Ci3-Cluster of Individualized Immune Intervention, Mainz, Germany
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21
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Wang C, Wu N, Pei B, Ma X, Yang W. Claudin and pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1136227. [PMID: 36959784 PMCID: PMC10027734 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1136227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of timely and accurate screening modalities and treatments, most pancreatic cancer (PCa) patients undergo fatal PCa progression within a short period since diagnosis. The claudin(CLDN) family is expressed specifically as tight junction structure in a variety of tumors, including PCa, and affects tumor progression by changing the cell junctions. Thus far, many of the 27 members of the claudin family, including claudin-18.2 and claudin-4, have significantly aberrantly expression in pancreatic tumors. In addition, some studies have confirmed the role of some claudin proteins in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic tumors. By targeting different targets of claudin protein and combining chemotherapy, further enhance tumor cell necrosis and inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis. Claudins can either promote or inhibit the development of pancreatic cancer, which indicates that the diagnosis and treatment of different kinds of claudins require to consider different biological characteristics. This literature summarizes the functional characteristics and clinical applications of various claudin proteins in Pca cells, with a focus on claudin-18.2 and claudin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Wu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Beibei Pei
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhui Yang,
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22
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Development and comparison of 68Ga/ 18F/ 64Cu-labeled nanobody tracers probing Claudin18.2. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 27:305-314. [PMID: 36570796 PMCID: PMC9747674 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) is an emerging target for the treatment of gastric cancers. We aim to develop tracers to image the expression of CLDN18.2. A humanized nanobody targeting CLDN18.2 (clone hu19V3) was produced and labeled with 68Ga, 64Cu, and 18F. The tracers were investigated in subcutaneous and metastatic models established using two different mouse types (nude and Balb/c mice) and two different cell lines (CHO-CLDN18.2 and CT26-CLDN18.2). Gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were further established for validation experiments. Three novel CLDN18.2-targeted tracers (i.e., [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-hu19V3, [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-hu19V3, and [18F]F-hu19V3) were developed with good radiochemical yields and excellent radiochemical purities. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-hu19V3 immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) rapidly delineated subcutaneous CHO-CLDN18.2 lesions and CT26-CLDN18.2 tumors, as well as showing excellent diagnostic value in PDX models naturally expressing CLDN18.2. While [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-hu19V3 had high kidney accumulation, [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-hu19V3 showed reduced kidney accumulation and improved image contrast at late time points. Moreover, [18F]F-hu19V3 was developed via click chemistry reaction under mild conditions and precisely disseminated CHO-CLDN18.2 lesions in the lungs. Furthermore, region of interest analysis, biodistribution study, and histopathological staining results correlated well with the in vivo imaging results. Taken together, immunoPET imaging with the three tracers can reliably visualize CLDN18.2 expression.
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Liu J, Yang H, Yin D, Jia Y, Li S, Liu Y. Expression and prognostic analysis of CLDN18 and Claudin18.2 in lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154068. [PMID: 36007395 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CLDN encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudin is a tight junction protein that is mainly involved in cell migration. Claudin family is of interest as a potential therapeutic target. Claudin18.2 is one of its important isoforms and is mainly expressed in the stomach. Its expression and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between CLDN18 and claudin18.2 expression and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Two cohorts were introduced in this study: one from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CLDN18 mRNA public data (TCGA-LUAD, N = 551); the other from 1079 cases of lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China, with immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of claudin18.2 in tissue microarrays. the IHC-positive cases were again verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS The mRNA expression of CLDN18 was significantly lower in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than in normal lung tissues (P < 0.05). Among 1079 Chinese lung adenocarcinoma cases, the overall positive rate of IHC for Claudin18.2 was 7.78% (84/1079). Among those positive for IHC, the positive rate of FISH was 11.9% (10/84), which accounted for 0.9% of the total number of cases (10/1079). To explore the best scoring scheme for Claudin 18.2, we used a four-group (IHC4) and two-group (IHC2) scoring method for evaluation. We found that IHC4 better explained Claudin 18.2 expression and helped us to find specific differences in clinical factors for weak, moderate and strong Claudin 18.2 expression. This difference was not discernible in the IHC2 score. By survival analysis, we found that Claudin 18.2 (IHC4) was able to stratify the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients, with strongly positive patients having a better prognosis than the other subgroups (p < 0.05). We also found that patients with EGFR wild type or PD-L1 < 1% accompanied by strong positive claudin18.2 had a significantly better prognosis than other subgroups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Claudin18.2 (IHC4) better reveals the clinical and prognostic characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Patients with EGFR wild type and PD-L1 < 1% have a better prognosis and partially overlap with claudin18.2 expression, so claudin18.2 may also be an important biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma testing, which is particularly important for EGFR wild type and PD-L1 < 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Liu
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Huichai Yang
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Danjing Yin
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Shi Li
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China.
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Wang X, Zhang CS, Dong XY, Hu Y, Duan BJ, Bai J, Wu YY, Fan L, Liao XH, Kang Y, Zhang P, Li MY, Xu J, Mao ZJ, Liu HT, Zhang XL, Tian LF, Li EX. Claudin 18.2 is a potential therapeutic target for zolbetuximab in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1252-1264. [PMID: 36051096 PMCID: PMC9305579 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i7.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is frequently diagnosed and treated in advanced tumor stages with poor prognosis. More effective screening programs and novel therapeutic means are urgently needed. Recent studies have regarded tight junction protein claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) as a candidate target for cancer treatment, and zolbetuximab (formerly known as IMAB362) has been developed against CLDN18.2. However, there are few data reported thus far related to the clinicopathological characteristics of CLDN18.2 expression for PDAC.
AIM To investigate the expression of CLDN18.2 in PDAC patients and subsequently propose a new target for the treatment of PDAC.
METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, Gene Expression Omnibus, and European Genome-phenome Archive databases were first employed to analyze the CLDN18 gene expression in normal pancreatic tissue compared to that in pancreatic cancer tissue. Second, we analyzed the expression of CLDN18.2 in 93 primary PDACs, 86 para-cancer tissues, and 13 normal pancreatic tissues by immunohistochemistry. Immunostained tissues were assessed applying the histoscore. subsequently, they fell into two groups according to the expression state of CLDN18.2. Furthermore, the correlations between CLDN18.2 expression and diverse clinicopathological characteristics, including survival, were investigated.
RESULTS The gene expression of CLDN18 was statistically higher (P < 0.01) in pancreatic tumors than in normal tissues. However, there was no significant correlation between CLDN18 expression and survival in pancreatic cancer patients. CLDN18.2 was expressed in 88 (94.6%) of the reported PDACs. Among these tumors, 50 (56.8%) cases showed strong immunostaining. The para-cancer tissues were positive in 81 (94.2%) cases, among which 32 (39.5%) of cases were characterized for strong staining intensities. Normal pancreatic tissue was identified solely via weak immunostaining. Finally, CLDN18.2 expression significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, nerve invasion, stage, and survival of PDAC patients, while there was no correlation between CLDN18.2 expression and localization, tumor size, patient age and sex, nor any other clinicopathological characteristic.
CONCLUSION CLDN18.2 expression is frequently increased in PDAC patients. Thus, it may act as a potential therapeutic target for zolbetuximab in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cheng-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Cancer Precision Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xu-Yuan Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bao-Jun Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yin-Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ye Kang
- Department of Cancer Precision Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Yang Li
- Department of Cancer Precision Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiao Xu
- Department of Cancer Precision Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui-Tong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Fei Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - En-Xiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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Cao W, Xing H, Li Y, Tian W, Song Y, Jiang Z, Yu J. Claudin18.2 is a novel molecular biomarker for tumor-targeted immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2022; 10:38. [PMID: 35642043 PMCID: PMC9153115 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) protein, an isoform of claudin18, a member of the tight junction protein family, is a highly selective biomarker with limited expression in normal tissues and often abnormal expression during the occurrence and development of various primary malignant tumors, such as gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction (GC/GEJ) cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, head and neck cancer, bronchial cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. CLDN18.2 participates in the proliferation, differentiation and migration of tumor cells. Recent studies have identified CLDN18.2 expression as a potential specific marker for the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors. With its specific expression pattern, CLDN18.2 has become a unique molecule for targeted therapy in different cancers, especially in GC; for example, agents such as zolbetuximab (claudiximab, IMAB362), a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CLDN18.2, have been developed. In this review, we outline recent advances in the development of immunotherapy strategies targeting CLDN18.2, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells redirected to target CLDN18.2, and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Haizhou Xing
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yingmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenliang Tian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Claudins and Gastric Cancer: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020290. [PMID: 35053454 PMCID: PMC8773541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis, and a poor prognosis. This review presents novel biological and clinical significance of claudin (CLDN) expression in GC, especially CLDN18, and clinical trials centered around CLDN18.2. It also presents new findings for other CLDNs. Abstract Despite recent improvements in diagnostic ability and treatment strategies, advanced gastric cancer (GC) has a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis, with poor prognosis. To improve the treatment results of GC, the search for new treatment targets from proteins related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell–cell adhesion is currently being conducted. EMT plays an important role in cancer metastasis and is initiated by the loss of cell–cell adhesion, such as tight junctions (TJs), adherens junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions. Among these, claudins (CLDNs) are highly expressed in some cancers, including GC. Abnormal expression of CLDN1, CLDN2, CLDN3, CLDN4, CLDN6, CLDN7, CLDN10, CLDN11, CLDN14, CLDN17, CLDN18, and CLDN23 have been reported. Among these, CLDN18 is of particular interest. In The Cancer Genome Atlas, GC was classified into four new molecular subtypes, and CLDN18–ARHGAP fusion was observed in the genomically stable type. An anti-CLDN18.2 antibody drug was recently developed as a therapeutic drug for GC, and the results of clinical trials are highly predictable. Thus, CLDNs are highly expressed in GC as TJs and are expected targets for new antibody drugs. Herein, we review the literature on CLDNs, focusing on CLDN18 in GC.
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Zuo J, Tong Y, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yue D. Claudin-18 expression under hyperoxia in neonatal lungs of bronchopulmonary dysplasia model rats. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:916716. [PMID: 36299696 PMCID: PMC9589239 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.916716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by impaired alveolar and microvascular development. Claudin-18 is the only known lung-specific tight junction protein affecting the development and transdifferentiation of alveolar epithelium. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the changes in the expression of claudin-18, podoplanin, SFTPC, and the canonical WNT pathway, in a rat model of hyperoxia-induced BPD, and to verify the regulatory relationship between claudin-18 and the canonical WNT pathway by cell experiments. METHODS A neonatal rat and cell model of BPD was established by exposing to hyperoxia (85%). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to confirm the establishment of the BPD model. The mRNA levels were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR). Protein expression levels were determined using western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS As confirmed by HE staining, the neonatal rat model of BPD was successfully established. Compared to that in the control group, claudin-18 and claudin-4 expression decreased in the hyperoxia group. Expression of β-catenin in the WNT signaling pathway decreased, whereas that of p-GSK-3β increased. Expression of the AEC II marker SFTPC initially decreased and then increased, whereas that of the AEC I marker podoplanin increased on day 14 (P < 0.05). Similarly, claudin-18, claudin-4, SFTPC and β-catenin were decreased but podoplanin was increased when AEC line RLE-6TN exposed to 85% hyperoxia. And the expression of SFTPC was increased, the podoplanin was decreased, and the WNT pathway was upregulated when claudin-18 was overexpressed. CONCLUSIONS Claudin-18 downregulation during hyperoxia might affect lung development and maturation, thereby resulting in hyperoxia-induced BPD. Additionally, claudin-18 is associated with the canonical WNT pathway and AECs transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingye Zuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yajie Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yirui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Pellino A, Brignola S, Riello E, Niero M, Murgioni S, Guido M, Nappo F, Businello G, Sbaraglia M, Bergamo F, Spolverato G, Pucciarelli S, Merigliano S, Pilati P, Cavallin F, Realdon S, Farinati F, Dei Tos AP, Zagonel V, Lonardi S, Loupakis F, Fassan M. Association of CLDN18 Protein Expression with Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis in Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinomas. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1095. [PMID: 34834447 PMCID: PMC8624955 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tight junction protein claudin-18 (CLDN18), is often expressed in various cancer types including gastric (GC) and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GECs). In the last years, the isoform CLDN18.2 emerged as a potential drug target in metastatic GCs, leading to the development of monoclonal antibodies against this protein. CLDN18.2 is the dominant isoform of CLDN18 in normal gastric and gastric cancer tissues. In this work, we evaluated the immunohistochemical (IHC) profile of CLDN18 and its correlation with clinical and histopathological features including p53, E-cadherin, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2, HER2, EBER and PD-L1 combined positive score, in a large real-world and mono-institutional series of advanced GCs (n = 280) and GECs (n = 70). The association of IHC results with survival outcomes was also investigated. High membranous CLDN18 expression (2+ and 3+ intensity ≥75%) was found in 117/350 (33.4%) samples analyzed. CLDN18 expression correlated with age <70 (p = 0.0035), positive EBV status (p = 0.002), high stage (III, IV) at diagnosis (p = 0.003), peritoneal involvement (p < 0.001) and lower incidence of liver metastases (p = 0.013). CLDN18 did not correlate with overall survival. The predictive value of response of CLDN18 to targeted agents is under investigation in several clinical trials and further studies will be needed to select patients who could benefit from these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pellino
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (F.N.); (F.B.); (V.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Stefano Brignola
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (S.B.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.D.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Erika Riello
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (S.B.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Monia Niero
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Sabina Murgioni
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (F.N.); (F.B.); (V.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Maria Guido
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (S.B.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.D.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Floriana Nappo
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (F.N.); (F.B.); (V.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Gianluca Businello
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (S.B.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (S.B.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (F.N.); (F.B.); (V.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Gaya Spolverato
- 1st Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences (DISCOG), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (G.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- 1st Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences (DISCOG), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (G.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Merigliano
- 3rd Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Pilati
- Surgery Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 31033 Castelfranco Veneto, Italy;
| | | | - Stefano Realdon
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Fabio Farinati
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences (DISCOG), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy;
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (S.B.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (F.N.); (F.B.); (V.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Oncology Unit 3, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (F.N.); (F.B.); (V.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (S.B.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.D.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 35128 Padua, Italy
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Sato K, Matsumoto I, Suzuki K, Tamura A, Shiraishi A, Kiyonari H, Kasamatsu J, Yamamoto H, Miyasaka T, Tanno D, Miyahara A, Zong T, Kagesawa T, Oniyama A, Kawamura K, Kitai Y, Umeki A, Kanno E, Tanno H, Ishii K, Tsukita S, Kawakami K. Deficiency of lung-specific claudin-18 leads to aggravated infection with Cryptococcus deneoformans through dysregulation of the microenvironment in lungs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21110. [PMID: 34702961 PMCID: PMC8548597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus deneoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that infects the lungs via airborne transmission and frequently causes fatal meningoencephalitis. Claudins (Cldns), a family of proteins with 27 members found in mammals, form the tight junctions within epithelial cell sheets. Cldn-4 and 18 are highly expressed in airway tissues, yet the roles of these claudins in respiratory infections have not been clarified. In the present study, we analyzed the roles of Cldn-4 and lung-specific Cldn-18 (luCldn-18) in host defense against C. deneoformans infection. luCldn-18-deficient mice exhibited increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection, while Cldn-4-deficient mice had normal fungal clearance. In luCldn-18-deficient mice, production of cytokines including IFN-γ was significantly decreased compared to wild-type mice, although infiltration of inflammatory cells including CD4+ T cells into the alveolar space was significantly increased. In addition, luCldn-18 deficiency led to high K+ ion concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and also to alveolus acidification. The fungal replication was significantly enhanced both in acidic culture conditions and in the alveolar spaces of luCldn-18-deficient mice, compared with physiological pH conditions and those of wild-type mice, respectively. These results suggest that luCldn-18 may affect the clinical course of cryptococcal infection indirectly through dysregulation of the alveolar space microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sato
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. .,Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Ikumi Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biological Science and Laboratory of Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Laboratory of Biological Science and Laboratory of Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aki Shiraishi
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun Kasamatsu
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Institute of Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daiki Tanno
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Anna Miyahara
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tong Zong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kagesawa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akiho Oniyama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kotone Kawamura
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aya Umeki
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science and Laboratory of Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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30
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Siddiqui AZ, Almhanna K. Beyond Chemotherapy, PD-1, and HER-2: Novel Targets for Gastric and Esophageal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4322. [PMID: 34503132 PMCID: PMC8430615 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Together, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer (EC) possess two of the highest incidence rates amongst all cancers. They exhibit poor prognoses in which the 5-year survival rate is dismal. In addition to cytotoxic chemotherapy, treatment efforts have been geared toward targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1). Although ample success has been recorded with these agents, gastric and esophageal cancer remain lethal, and further research into potential treatment alternatives is needed. In this article, we will review some of the targets at the forefront of investigation such as claudin, Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These innovative target pathways are in the midst of clinical trials to be implemented in the treatment algorithm for this patient population. Ultimately, exploiting the oncogenic tendencies of these potential biomarkers creates an opportunity for precise treatment and improved prognosis for these cancers. Lastly, research aimed toward reversing PD-1 antibodies resistance by combining it with other novel agents or other treatment modalities is underway in order to expand existing treatment options for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zubair Siddiqui
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Khaldoun Almhanna
- The Brown University Oncology Research Group, The Rhode Island Hospital/Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
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31
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Zuo JY, Tong YJ, Yue DM. [A review on the effect of Claudin-18 on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:542-547. [PMID: 34020748 PMCID: PMC8140329 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has the main manifestations of pulmonary edema in the early stage and characteristic alveolar obstruction and microvascular dysplasia in the late stage, which may be caused by structural and functional destruction of the lung epithelial barrier. The Claudin family is the main component of tight junction and plays an important role in regulating the permeability of paracellular ions and solutes. Claudin-18 is the only known tight junction protein solely expressed in the lung. The lack of Claudin-18 can lead to barrier dysfunction and impaired alveolar development, and the knockout of Claudin-18 can cause characteristic histopathological changes of BPD. This article elaborates on the important role of Claudin-18 in the development and progression of BPD from the aspects of lung epithelial permeability, alveolar development, and progenitor cell homeostasis, so as to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ye Zuo
- Department of Neonatology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tong
- Department of Neonatology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Dong-Mei Yue
- Department of Neonatology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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32
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Sahin U, Türeci Ö, Manikhas G, Lordick F, Rusyn A, Vynnychenko I, Dudov A, Bazin I, Bondarenko I, Melichar B, Dhaene K, Wiechen K, Huber C, Maurus D, Arozullah A, Park JW, Schuler M, Al-Batran SE. FAST: a randomised phase II study of zolbetuximab (IMAB362) plus EOX versus EOX alone for first-line treatment of advanced CLDN18.2-positive gastric and gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:609-619. [PMID: 33610734 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) is contained within normal gastric mucosa epithelial tight junctions; upon malignant transformation, CLDN18.2 epitopes become exposed. Zolbetuximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, mediates specific killing of CLDN18.2-positive cells through immune effector mechanisms. PATIENTS AND METHODS The FAST study enrolled advanced gastric/gastro-oesophageal junction and oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients (aged ≥18 years) with moderate-to-strong CLDN18.2 expression in ≥40% tumour cells. Patients received first-line epirubicin + oxaliplatin + capecitabine (EOX, arm 1, n = 84) every 3 weeks (Q3W), or zolbetuximab + EOX (loading dose, 800 mg/m2 then 600 mg/m2 Q3W) (arm 2, n = 77). Arm 3 (exploratory) was added after enrolment initiation (zolbetuximab + EOX 1000 mg/m2 Q3W, n = 85). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was a secondary endpoint. RESULTS In the overall population, both PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.29-0.67; P < 0.0005] and OS (HR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.39-0.77; P < 0.0005) were significantly improved with zolbetuximab + EOX (arm 2) compared with EOX alone (arm 1). This significant PFS benefit was retained in patients with moderate-to-strong CLDN18.2 expression in ≥70% of tumour cells (HR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.23-0.62; P < 0.0005). Significant improvement in PFS was also reported in the overall population of arm 3 versus arm 1 (HR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.85; P = 0.0114) but not in high CLDN18.2-expressing patients; no significant improvement in OS was observed in either population. Most adverse events (AEs) related to zolbetuximab + EOX (nausea, vomiting, neutropenia, anaemia) were grade 1-2. Grade ≥3 AEs showed no substantial increases overall (zolbetuximab + EOX versus EOX alone). CONCLUSIONS In advanced gastric/gastro-oesophageal junction and oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients expressing CLDN18.2, adding zolbetuximab to first-line EOX provided longer PFS and OS versus EOX alone. Zolbetuximab + EOX was generally tolerated and AEs were manageable. Zolbetuximab 800/600 mg/m2 is being evaluated in phase III studies based on clinical benefit observed in the overall population and in patients with moderate-to-strong CLDN18.2 expression in ≥70% of tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Sahin
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Department of Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ö Türeci
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany; CI3 - Cluster of Individualized Immune Intervention, Mainz, Germany; formerly of Ganymed Pharmaceuticals GmbH
| | - G Manikhas
- Department of Oncology, City Clinical Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - F Lordick
- Department of Medicine II and University Cancer Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Rusyn
- Department of Oncology, Transcarpathian Regional Clinical Oncological Center, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - I Vynnychenko
- Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Clinical Oncology Center, Oncothoracic Department, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - A Dudov
- Department of Oncology, Acibadem City Clinic Mladost, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - I Bazin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Russian Oncology Research Center n. a. N.N. Blokhin, Moscow, Russia
| | - I Bondarenko
- Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy, City Multispecialty Clinical Hospital #4, Department of Chemotherapy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
| | - B Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Palacky University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - K Dhaene
- MD Dhaene Pathology Lab BVBA, Destelbergen, Belgium
| | - K Wiechen
- Department of Pathology, Klinikum Worms GmbH, Institute for Pathology, Worms, Germany
| | - C Huber
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany; CI3 - Cluster of Individualized Immune Intervention, Mainz, Germany; formerly of Ganymed Pharmaceuticals GmbH
| | - D Maurus
- Formerly of Ganymed Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Arozullah
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, USA
| | - J W Park
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, USA
| | - M Schuler
- West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S-E Al-Batran
- Institute of Clinical Cancer Research (IKF) at Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany.
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33
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Lü P, Qiu S, Pan Y, Yu F, Chen K. Preclinical Chimeric Antibody Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Progress in Digestive System Cancers. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 36:307-315. [PMID: 33481647 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal and gastric tumors, are characterized by high rates of incidence and mortality. Digestive cancers are difficult to diagnose during the early stages, and the side effects of chemotherapy are often severe and may outweigh the therapeutic benefits. Chimeric antibody chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, a novel immunotherapy, has achieved excellent results for the treatment of hematological tumors. However, CAR-T treatment of solid tumors has struggled due to a lack of target specificity, a difficult tumor microenvironment, and T cell homing. Despite the challenges, CAR-T treatment of digestive cancers is progressing. Combining CAR-T with other targets and/or modifying the CAR may represent the most promising approaches for future treatment of digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lü
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Songlin Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ye Pan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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34
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Zhu G, Foletti D, Liu X, Ding S, Melton Witt J, Hasa-Moreno A, Rickert M, Holz C, Aschenbrenner L, Yang AH, Kraynov E, Evering W, Obert L, Lee C, Sai T, Mistry T, Lindquist KC, Van Blarcom T, Strop P, Chaparro-Riggers J, Liu SH. Targeting CLDN18.2 by CD3 Bispecific and ADC Modalities for the Treatments of Gastric and Pancreatic Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8420. [PMID: 31182754 PMCID: PMC6557842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human CLDN18.2 is highly expressed in a significant proportion of gastric and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, while normal tissue expression is limited to the epithelium of the stomach. The restricted expression makes it a potential drug target for the treatment of gastric and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, as evidenced by efforts to target CLDN18.2 via naked antibody and CAR-T modalities. Herein we describe CLDN18.2-targeting via a CD3-bispecific and an antibody drug conjugate and the characterization of these potential therapeutic molecules in efficacy and preliminary toxicity studies. Anti-hCLDN18.2 ADC, CD3-bispecific and diabody, targeting a protein sequence conserved in rat, mouse and monkey, exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity in BxPC3/hCLDN18.2 (IC50 = 1.52, 2.03, and 0.86 nM) and KATO-III/hCLDN18.2 (IC50 = 1.60, 0.71, and 0.07 nM) respectively and inhibited tumor growth of pancreatic and gastric patient-derived xenograft tumors. In a rat exploratory toxicity study, the ADC was tolerated up to 10 mg/kg. In a preliminary assessment of tolerability, the anti-CLDN18.2 diabody (0.34 mg/kg) did not produce obvious signs of toxicity in the stomach of NSG mice 4 weeks after dosing. Taken together, our data indicate that targeting CLDN18.2 with an ADC or bispecific modality could be a valid therapeutic approach for the treatment of gastric and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Zhu
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Davide Foletti
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,23 and Me, 349 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sheng Ding
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Jody Melton Witt
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, 6455 Christie Ave B-334C, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Adela Hasa-Moreno
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Kodiak Sciences Inc., 2631 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Mathias Rickert
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Applied Molecular Transport, 1 Tower Place, Suite 850, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Charles Holz
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, 6455 Christie Ave B-334C, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Laura Aschenbrenner
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Covance Inc. Early Phase Development Solutions, 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, WI, 53704, USA
| | - Amy H Yang
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Eugenia Kraynov
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Winston Evering
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Leslie Obert
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 280 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.,GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Chenyu Lee
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Alector, 151 Oyster Point Blvd #300, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tao Sai
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tina Mistry
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kevin C Lindquist
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Thomas Van Blarcom
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Allogene Therapeutics, 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Pavel Strop
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd suite A, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Javier Chaparro-Riggers
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Multitude Therapeutics, Abmart, 3698 Haven Avenue Suite A, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
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Luo J, Chimge NO, Zhou B, Flodby P, Castaldi A, Firth AL, Liu Y, Wang H, Yang C, Marconett CN, Crandall ED, Offringa IA, Frenkel B, Borok Z. CLDN18.1 attenuates malignancy and related signaling pathways of lung adenocarcinoma in vivo and in vitro. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:3169-3180. [PMID: 30325015 PMCID: PMC6263834 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Claudins are a family of transmembrane proteins integral to the structure and function of tight junctions (TJ). Disruption of TJ and alterations in claudin expression are important features of invasive and metastatic cancer cells. Expression of CLDN18.1, the lung-specific isoform of CLDN18, is markedly decreased in lung adenocarcinoma (LuAd). Furthermore, we recently observed that aged Cldn18 -/- mice have increased propensity to develop LuAd. We now demonstrate that CLDN18.1 expression correlates inversely with promoter methylation and with LuAd patient mortality. In addition, when restored in LuAd cells that have lost expression, CLDN18.1 markedly attenuates malignant properties including xenograft tumor growth in vivo as well as cell proliferation, migration, invasion and anchorage-independent colony formation in vitro. Based on high throughput analyses of Cldn18 -/- murine lung alveolar epithelial type II cells, as well as CLDN18.1-repleted human LuAd cells, we hypothesized and subsequently confirmed by Western analysis that CLDN18.1 inhibits insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and AKT phosphorylation. Consistent with recent data in Cldn18 -/- knockout mice, expression of CLDN18.1 in human LuAd cells also decreased expression of transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and Yes-associated protein (YAP) and their target genes, contributing to its tumor suppressor activity. Moreover, analysis of LuAd cells in which YAP and/or TAZ are silenced with siRNA suggests that inhibition of TAZ, and possibly YAP, is also involved in CLDN18.1-mediated AKT inactivation. Taken together, these data indicate a tumor suppressor role for CLDN18.1 in LuAd mediated by a regulatory network that encompasses YAP/TAZ, IGF-1R and AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Luo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Per Flodby
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alessandra Castaldi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy L. Firth
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yixin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Crystal N. Marconett
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward D. Crandall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ite A. Offringa
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baruch Frenkel
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Alessandrini L, Manchi M, De Re V, Dolcetti R, Canzonieri V. Proposed Molecular and miRNA Classification of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1683. [PMID: 29882766 PMCID: PMC6032377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant neoplasm worldwide and one of the main cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite some advances in therapies, long-term survival of patients with advanced disease remains poor. Different types of classification have been used to stratify patients with GC for shaping prognosis and treatment planning. Based on new knowledge of molecular pathways associated with different aspect of GC, new pathogenetic classifications for GC have been and continue to be proposed. These novel classifications create a new paradigm in the definition of cancer biology and allow the identification of relevant GC genomic subsets by using different techniques such as genomic screenings, functional studies and molecular or epigenetic characterization. An improved prognostic classification for GC is essential for the development of a proper therapy for a proper patient population. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art on combining histological and molecular classifications of GC to give an overview of the emerging therapeutic possibilities connected to the latest discoveries regarding GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Alessandrini
- Pathology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Melissa Manchi
- Pathology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Valli De Re
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Zhou B, Flodby P, Luo J, Castillo DR, Liu Y, Yu FX, McConnell A, Varghese B, Li G, Chimge NO, Sunohara M, Koss MN, Elatre W, Conti P, Liebler JM, Yang C, Marconett CN, Laird-Offringa IA, Minoo P, Guan K, Stripp BR, Crandall ED, Borok Z. Claudin-18-mediated YAP activity regulates lung stem and progenitor cell homeostasis and tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:970-984. [PMID: 29400695 DOI: 10.1172/jci90429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins, the integral tight junction (TJ) proteins that regulate paracellular permeability and cell polarity, are frequently dysregulated in cancer; however, their role in neoplastic progression is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that knockout of Cldn18, a claudin family member highly expressed in lung alveolar epithelium, leads to lung enlargement, parenchymal expansion, increased abundance and proliferation of known distal lung progenitors, the alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells, activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), increased organ size, and tumorigenesis in mice. Inhibition of YAP decreased proliferation and colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of Cldn18-/- AT2 cells and prevented increased lung size, while CLDN18 overexpression decreased YAP nuclear localization, cell proliferation, CFE, and YAP transcriptional activity. CLDN18 and YAP interacted and colocalized at cell-cell contacts, while loss of CLDN18 decreased YAP interaction with Hippo kinases p-LATS1/2. Additionally, Cldn18-/- mice had increased propensity to develop lung adenocarcinomas (LuAd) with age, and human LuAd showed stage-dependent reduction of CLDN18.1. These results establish CLDN18 as a regulator of YAP activity that serves to restrict organ size, progenitor cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis, and suggest a mechanism whereby TJ disruption may promote progenitor proliferation to enhance repair following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyun Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Per Flodby
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Jiao Luo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Dan R Castillo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Yixin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Childrens Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alicia McConnell
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Guanglei Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Mitsuhiro Sunohara
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | | | | | | | - Janice M Liebler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Department of Surgery.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Crystal N Marconett
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery
| | - Ite A Laird-Offringa
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kunliang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Edward D Crandall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and.,Department of Pathology.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and
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38
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Garattini SK, Basile D, Cattaneo M, Fanotto V, Ongaro E, Bonotto M, Negri FV, Berenato R, Ermacora P, Cardellino GG, Giovannoni M, Pella N, Scartozzi M, Antonuzzo L, Silvestris N, Fasola G, Aprile G. Molecular classifications of gastric cancers: Novel insights and possible future applications. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2017; 9:194-208. [PMID: 28567184 PMCID: PMC5434387 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v9.i5.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite some notable advances in the systemic management of gastric cancer (GC), the prognosis of patients with advanced disease remains overall poor and their chance of cure is anecdotic. In a molecularly selected population, a median overall survival of 13.8 mo has been reached with the use of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy, which has soon after become the standard of care for patients with HER2-overexpressing GC. Moreover, oncologists have recognized the clinical utility of conceiving cancers as a collection of different molecularly-driven entities rather than a single disease. Several molecular drivers have been identified as having crucial roles in other tumors and new molecular classifications have been recently proposed for gastric cancer as well. Not only these classifications allow the identification of different tumor subtypes with unique features, but also they serve as springboard for the development of different therapeutic strategies. Hopefully, the application of standard systemic chemotherapy, specific targeted agents, immunotherapy or even surgery in specific cancer subgroups will help maximizing treatment outcomes and will avoid treating patients with minimal chance to respond, therefore diluting the average benefit. In this review, we aim at elucidating the aspects of GC molecular subtypes, and the possible future applications of such molecular analyses.
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Claudin-18 inhibits cell proliferation and motility mediated by inhibition of phosphorylation of PDK1 and Akt in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1170-8. [PMID: 26919807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of claudin subtypes has been reported in various cancers. However, the pathological role of each claudin has not been clarified in detail. Claudin-18 was absent in human non-small cell and small cell lung cancers, although it is expressed in normal lung tissues. Here, we examined the effect of claudin-18 expression on the expression of junctional proteins, cell proliferation, and cell motility using human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Real-time PCR and western blotting showed that exogenous expression of claudin-18 had no effect on the expression of junctional proteins including claudin-1, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and E-cadherin. Claudin-18 was mainly distributed in cell-cell contact areas concomitant with ZO-1. Cell proliferation was significantly decreased at 48 and 72h after seeding of claudin 18-expressing cells. Claudin-18 suppressed cell motility, whereas it increased cell death in anoikis. Claudin-18 decreased phosphorylated (p)-3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and p-Akt levels without affecting p-epidermal growth factor receptor and p-phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) levels. Furthermore, claudin-18 was bound with PDK1 and suppressed the nuclear localization of PDK1. We suggest that claudin-18 suppresses the abnormal proliferation and motility of lung epithelial cells mediated by inhibition of the PI3K/PDK1/Akt signaling pathway.
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Caron TJ, Scott KE, Fox JG, Hagen SJ. Tight junction disruption: Helicobacter pylori and dysregulation of the gastric mucosal barrier. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11411-11427. [PMID: 26523106 PMCID: PMC4616217 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i40.11411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a risk factor for gastric cancer development. In the multi-step process that leads to gastric cancer, tight junction dysfunction is thought to occur and serve as a risk factor by permitting the permeation of luminal contents across an otherwise tight mucosa. Mechanisms that regulate tight junction function and structure in the normal stomach, or dysfunction in the infected stomach, however, are largely unknown. Although conventional tight junction components are expressed in gastric epithelial cells, claudins regulate paracellular permeability and are likely the target of inflammation or H. pylori itself. There are 27 different claudin molecules, each with unique properties that render the mucosa an intact barrier that is permselective in a way that is consistent with cell physiology. Understanding the architecture of tight junctions in the normal stomach and then changes that occur during infection is important but challenging, because most of the reports that catalog claudin expression in gastric cancer pathogenesis are contradictory. Furthermore, the role of H. pylori virulence factors, such as cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacoulating cytotoxin, in regulating tight junction dysfunction during infection is inconsistent in different gastric cell lines and in vivo, likely because non-gastric epithelial cell cultures were initially used to unravel the details of their effects on the stomach. Hampering further study, as well, is the relative lack of cultured cell models that have tight junction claudins that are consistent with native tissues. This summary will review the current state of knowledge about gastric tight junctions, normally and in H. pylori infection, and make predictions about the consequences of claudin reorganization during H. pylori infection.
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Bianchetti L, Tarabay Y, Lecompte O, Stote R, Poch O, Dejaegere A, Viville S. Tex19 and Sectm1 concordant molecular phylogenies support co-evolution of both eutherian-specific genes. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:222. [PMID: 26459560 PMCID: PMC4603632 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transposable elements (TE) have attracted much attention since they shape the genome and contribute to species evolution. Organisms have evolved mechanisms to control TE activity. Testis expressed 19 (Tex19) represses TE expression in mouse testis and placenta. In the human and mouse genomes, Tex19 and Secreted and transmembrane 1 (Sectm1) are neighbors but are not homologs. Sectm1 is involved in immunity and its molecular phylogeny is unknown. METHODS Using multiple alignments of complete protein sequences (MACS), we inferred Tex19 and Sectm1 molecular phylogenies. Protein conserved regions were identified and folds were predicted. Finally, expression patterns were studied across tissues and species using RNA-seq public data and RT-PCR. RESULTS We present 2 high quality alignments of 58 Tex19 and 58 Sectm1 protein sequences from 48 organisms. First, both genes are eutherian-specific, i.e., exclusively present in mammals except monotremes (platypus) and marsupials. Second, Tex19 and Sectm1 have both duplicated in Sciurognathi and Bovidae while they have remained as single copy genes in all further placental mammals. Phylogenetic concordance between both genes was significant (p-value < 0.05) and supported co-evolution and functional relationship. At the protein level, Tex19 exhibits 3 conserved regions and 4 invariant cysteines. In particular, a CXXC motif is present in the N-terminal conserved region. Sectm1 exhibits 2 invariant cysteines and an Ig-like domain. Strikingly, Tex19 C-terminal conserved region was lost in Haplorrhini primates while a Sectm1 C-terminal extra domain was acquired. Finally, we have determined that Tex19 and Sectm1 expression levels anti-correlate across the testis of several primates (ρ = -0.72) which supports anti-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Tex19 and Sectm1 co-evolution and anti-regulated expressions support a strong functional relationship between both genes. Since Tex19 operates a control on TE and Sectm1 plays a role in immunity, Tex19 might suppress an immune response directed against cells that show TE activity in eutherian reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bianchetti
- Biocomputing and Molecular Modelling Laboratory, Integrated Structural Biology Department, Genetics institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), INSERM U964/CNRS UMR 1704/Strasbourg University, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.
| | - Yara Tarabay
- Primordial Germ Cells' Ontogeny and Pluripotency Laboratory, Functional Genomics and Cancer Department, Genetics Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), INSERM U964/CNRS UMR 1704/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France. .,Present address: Institut de génétique humaine (IGH), 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396, Montpellier, France.
| | - Odile Lecompte
- Bioinformatics and Integrated Genomics Laboratory (LBGI), ICube, CNRS UMR 7357/Université de Strasbourg, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Roland Stote
- Biocomputing and Molecular Modelling Laboratory, Integrated Structural Biology Department, Genetics institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), INSERM U964/CNRS UMR 1704/Strasbourg University, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.
| | - Olivier Poch
- Bioinformatics and Integrated Genomics Laboratory (LBGI), ICube, CNRS UMR 7357/Université de Strasbourg, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Biocomputing and Molecular Modelling Laboratory, Integrated Structural Biology Department, Genetics institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), INSERM U964/CNRS UMR 1704/Strasbourg University, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.
| | - Stéphane Viville
- Primordial Germ Cells' Ontogeny and Pluripotency Laboratory, Functional Genomics and Cancer Department, Genetics Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), INSERM U964/CNRS UMR 1704/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France. .,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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42
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Claudins and cancer: Fall of the soldiers entrusted to protect the gate and keep the barrier intact. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 42:58-65. [PMID: 26025580 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of the tight junctions (TJ) in controlling paracellular traffic of ions and molecules, through the regulation of claudin proteins, is now established. However, it has also become increasingly evident that claudin proteins, as integral components of the TJs, play crucial role in maintaining the cell-cell integrity. In conformity, deregulation of claudin expression and cellular distribution in cancer tissues has been widely documented and correlated with cancer progression and metastasis. However, this correlation is not unidirectional and rather suggests tissue specific regulations. Irrespective, if the widely described correlations between altered claudin expression and cancer initiation/progression could be established, they may serve as important markers for prognostic purposes and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize data from screening of the cancer tissues, manipulation of claudin expression in cells and animals subjected to cancer models, and how claudins are regulated in cancer. The focus of this article remains analysis of the association between cancer and the claudins and to decipher clinical relevance.
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43
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Jin S, Sonobe Y, Kawanokuchi J, Horiuchi H, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Mizuno T, Takeuchi H, Suzumura A. Interleukin-34 restores blood-brain barrier integrity by upregulating tight junction proteins in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115981. [PMID: 25535736 PMCID: PMC4275171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a newly discovered cytokine as an additional ligand for colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R), and its functions are expected to overlap with colony stimulating factor-1/macrophage-colony stimulating factor. We have previously shown that the IL-34 is primarily produced by neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and induces proliferation and neuroprotective properties of microglia which express CSF1R. However, the functions of IL-34 in the CNS are still elucidative. Here we show that CNS capillary endothelial cells also express CSF1R. IL-34 protected blood–brain barrier integrity by restored expression levels of tight junction proteins, which were downregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. The novel function of IL-34 on the blood–brain barrier may give us a clue for new therapeutic strategies in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Jin
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sonobe
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Jun Kawanokuchi
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Horiuchi
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizuno
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akio Suzumura
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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44
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Li G, Flodby P, Luo J, Kage H, Sipos A, Gao D, Ji Y, Beard LL, Marconett CN, DeMaio L, Kim YH, Kim KJ, Laird-Offringa IA, Minoo P, Liebler JM, Zhou B, Crandall ED, Borok Z. Knockout mice reveal key roles for claudin 18 in alveolar barrier properties and fluid homeostasis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:210-22. [PMID: 24588076 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0353oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin proteins are major constituents of epithelial and endothelial tight junctions (TJs) that regulate paracellular permeability to ions and solutes. Claudin 18, a member of the large claudin family, is highly expressed in lung alveolar epithelium. To elucidate the role of claudin 18 in alveolar epithelial barrier function, we generated claudin 18 knockout (C18 KO) mice. C18 KO mice exhibited increased solute permeability and alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) compared with wild-type control mice. Increased AFC in C18 KO mice was associated with increased β-adrenergic receptor signaling together with activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, higher epithelial sodium channel, and Na-K-ATPase (Na pump) activity and increased Na-K-ATPase β1 subunit expression. Consistent with in vivo findings, C18 KO alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) monolayers exhibited lower transepithelial electrical resistance and increased solute and ion permeability with unchanged ion selectivity. Claudin 3 and claudin 4 expression was markedly increased in C18 KO mice, whereas claudin 5 expression was unchanged and occludin significantly decreased. Microarray analysis revealed changes in cytoskeleton-associated gene expression in C18 KO mice, consistent with observed F-actin cytoskeletal rearrangement in AEC monolayers. These findings demonstrate a crucial nonredundant role for claudin 18 in the regulation of alveolar epithelial TJ composition and permeability properties. Increased AFC in C18 KO mice identifies a role for claudin 18 in alveolar fluid homeostasis beyond its direct contributions to barrier properties that may, at least in part, compensate for increased permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Li
- 1 Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
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45
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths, but analysis of its molecular and clinical characteristics has been complicated by histological and aetiological heterogeneity. Here we describe a comprehensive molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We propose a molecular classification dividing gastric cancer into four subtypes: tumours positive for Epstein-Barr virus, which display recurrent PIK3CA mutations, extreme DNA hypermethylation, and amplification of JAK2, CD274 (also known as PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (also known as PD-L2); microsatellite unstable tumours, which show elevated mutation rates, including mutations of genes encoding targetable oncogenic signalling proteins; genomically stable tumours, which are enriched for the diffuse histological variant and mutations of RHOA or fusions involving RHO-family GTPase-activating proteins; and tumours with chromosomal instability, which show marked aneuploidy and focal amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification of these subtypes provides a roadmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapies.
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46
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Zhang SJ, Feng JF, Wang L, Guo W, Du YW, Ming L, Zhao GQ. miR-1303 targets claudin-18 gene to modulate proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:1754-63. [PMID: 24647998 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs have emerged as important gene regulators and are recognized as important molecules in carcinogenesis. However, the effects of microRNA-1303 (miR-1303) on gastric cancer (GC) cells and the upstream regulation of GC-associated claudin-18 gene (CLDN18) remain unclear. miR-1303 may be involved in the tumorigenesis of GC by targeting CLDN18. AIMS The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of miR-1303 targeting of CLDN18 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of human GC cells. METHODS The expression of miR-1303 and claudin-18 in GC tissues and gastric cancer cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. CCK8 and colony formation assays were performed to study the influence of miR-1303 on the proliferation of the GC cell lines. Transwell and wound-healing assays were carried out to investigate the effect of miR-1303 on the invasion and migration of GC cell lines. Luciferase reporter assays, restore assays and western blotting were used to demonstrate whether CLDN18 is a direct target of miR-1303. RESULTS miR-1303 was significantly overexpressed whereas claudin-18 was downregulated in GC tissues and cell lines, which was significantly associated with tumor size, location invasion, histologic type and tumor-node-metastasis stage. Cell proliferation rates were reduced, and cell invasion and migratory ability was significantly restricted in miR-1303 inhibitor-transfected groups. miR-1303 could bind to the putative binding sites in CLDN18 mRNA 3'-UTR and visibly lower the expression of claudin-18. The introduction of claudin-18 without 3'-UTR restored the miR-1303 promoting migration function. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of miR-1303 can inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells by targeting CLDN18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-jie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China,
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47
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Al-Batran SE, Werner D. Recent advances and future trends in the targeted therapy of metastatic gastric cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 8:555-69. [PMID: 24665840 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2014.902304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind gastric cancer has led to the development of new therapeutic strategies that are likely to improve patient outcomes in the near future. Recently, targeting the HER2 and the VEGF pathways with trastuzumab and ramucirumab, respectively, have been found to improve survival, while directed therapies against a number of other pathways are under clinical evaluation. These include the hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-MET, the insulin-like growth factor 1, the fibroblast growth factor, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the epidermal growth factor receptor, and other pathways, as well as relevant immunotherapeutic strategies. This article reviews recent advances and future trends of these concepts for gastric cancer and adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, UCT-University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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48
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Abstract
The imbalance between bone formation and resorption during bone remodeling has been documented to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Recent evidence suggests a significant role for the tight junction proteins, Claudins (Cldns), in the regulation of bone remodeling processes. In terms of function, whereas Cldns act "canonically" as key determinants of paracellular permeability, there is considerable recent evidence to suggest that Cldns also participate in cell signaling, ie, a "noncanonical function". To this end, Cldns have been shown to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression in a variety of cell types. The present review will discuss Cldns' structure, their expression profile, regulation of expression, and their canonical and non- canonical functions in general with special emphasis on bone cells. In order to shed light on the noncanonical functions of Cldns in bone, we will highlight the role of Cldn-18 in regulating bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation. Collectively, we hope to provide a framework for guiding future research on understanding how Cldns modulate osteoblast and osteoclast function and overall bone homeostasis. Such studies should provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, and may highlight Cldns as novel targets for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Z Alshbool
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center (F.Z.A., S.M.), Jerry L. Pettis VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92357; Departments of Medicine (S.M.), Biochemistry (S.M.), Physiology (S.M.), and Pharmacology (F.Z.A., S.M.), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92354
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49
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Micke P, Mattsson JSM, Edlund K, Lohr M, Jirström K, Berglund A, Botling J, Rahnenfuehrer J, Marincevic M, Pontén F, Ekman S, Hengstler J, Wöll S, Sahin U, Türeci O. Aberrantly activated claudin 6 and 18.2 as potential therapy targets in non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2206-14. [PMID: 24710653 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Claudins (CLDNs) are central components of tight junctions that regulate epithelial-cell barrier function and polarity. Altered CLDN expression patterns have been demonstrated in numerous cancer types and lineage-specific CLDNs have been proposed as therapy targets. The objective of this study was to assess which fraction of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) express CLDN6 and CLDN18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2). Protein expression of CLDN6 and CLDN18.2 was examined by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray (n = 355) and transcript levels were supportively determined based on gene expression microarray data from fresh-frozen NSCLC tissues (n = 196). Both were analyzed with regard to frequency, distribution and association with clinical parameters. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections revealed distinct membranous positivity of CLDN6 (6.5%) and CLDN18.2 (3.7%) proteins in virtually non-overlapping subgroups of adenocarcinomas and large-cell carcinomas. Pneumocytes and bronchial epithelial cells were consistently negative. Corresponding to the protein expression, in subsets of non-squamous lung carcinoma high mRNA levels of CLDN6 (7-16%) and total CLDN18 (5-12%) were observed. Protein expression correlated well with total mRNA expression of the corresponding gene (rho = 0.4-0.8). CLDN18.2 positive tumors were enriched among slowly proliferating, thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1)-negative adenocarcinomas, suggesting that isoform-specific CLDN expression may delineate a specific subtype. Noteworthy, high CLDN6 protein expression was associated with worse prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma in the univariate [hazard ratio (HR): 1.8; p = 0.03] and multivariate COX regression model (HR: 1.9; p = 0.02). These findings encourage further clinical exploration of targeting ectopically activated CLDN expression as a valuable treatment concept in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Psáder R, Jakab C, Máthé Á, Balka G, Pápa K, Sterczer Á. Expression of claudins in the normal canine gastric mucosa. Acta Vet Hung 2014; 62:13-21. [PMID: 24334088 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2013.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression pattern of claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -7, -8, -10 and -18 in the intact fundic and pyloric gastric mucosa of dogs. Intense, linear, membranous claudin-18 positivity was detected in the surface gastric cells and in the epithelial cells of the gastric glands both in the fundic and pyloric stomach regions. The mucous neck cells in the apical part of the glands, furthermore the parietal cells and chief cells of the basal part of the gland were all positive for claudin-18, in the same way as the enteroendocrine cells. Cells of the basal part of the pyloric glands showed intense, linear, membranous claudin-2 positivity, but cells of the superficial portion of these glands and the surface gastric cells in this region were claudin-2 negative. Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, lymphocytes of the propria layer, smooth muscle cells and vegetative neurons were all negative for claudin-2. All gastric epithelial cells were negative for claudin-1, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8 and -10. The endothelial cells of the propria layer had intense claudin-5 positivity. We assume that claudin-18 forms a paracellular barrier against gastric acid in the healthy canine stomach, in the same way as in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Psáder
- 1 Szent István University Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science István u. 2 Budapest H-1078 Hungary
| | - Csaba Jakab
- 2 Szent István University Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science Budapest Hungary
| | - Ákos Máthé
- 1 Szent István University Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science István u. 2 Budapest H-1078 Hungary
| | - Gyula Balka
- 2 Szent István University Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science Budapest Hungary
| | - Kinga Pápa
- 1 Szent István University Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science István u. 2 Budapest H-1078 Hungary
| | - Ágnes Sterczer
- 1 Szent István University Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science István u. 2 Budapest H-1078 Hungary
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