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Tran MT, Son GH, Song YJ, Nguyen NT, Park S, Thach TV, Kim J, Sung YW, Das S, Pramanik D, Lee J, Son KH, Kim SH, Vu TV, Kim JY. CRISPR-Cas9-based precise engineering of SlHyPRP1 protein towards multi-stress tolerance in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186932. [PMID: 37255559 PMCID: PMC10225705 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing has been widely used for plant breeding. In our previous report, a tomato gene encoding hybrid proline-rich protein 1 (HyPRP1), a negative regulator of salt stress responses, has been edited using a CRISPR-Cas9 multiplexing approach that resulted in precise eliminations of its functional domains, proline-rich domain (PRD) and eight cysteine-motif (8CM). We subsequently demonstrated that eliminating the PRD domain of HyPRP1 in tomatoes conferred the highest level of salinity tolerance. In this study, we characterized the edited lines under several abiotic and biotic stresses to examine the possibility of multiple stress tolerance. Our data reveal that the 8CM removal variants of HK and the KO alleles of both HK and 15T01 cultivars exhibited moderate heat stress tolerance. Similarly, plants carrying either the domains of the PRD removal variant (PR1v1) or 8CM removal variants (PR2v2 and PR2v3) showed better germination under osmosis stress (up to 200 mM mannitol) compared to the WT control. Moreover, the PR1v1 line continuously grew after 5 days of water cutoff. When the edited lines were challenged with pathogenic bacteria of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000, the growth of the bacterium was significantly reduced by 2.0- to 2.5-fold compared to that in WT plants. However, the edited alleles enhanced susceptibility against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, which causes fusarium wilt. CRISPR-Cas9-based precise domain editing of the SlHyPRP1 gene generated multi-stress-tolerant alleles that could be used as genetic materials for tomato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mil Thi Tran
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Crop Science and Rural Development Division, College of Agriculture, Bac Lieu University, Bac Lieu, Vietnam
- Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Hui Son
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jong Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngan Thi Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyeong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Vu Thach
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihae Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Woo Sung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Swati Das
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dibyajyoti Pramanik
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Son
- Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Van Vu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Nulla Bio R&D Center, Nulla Bio Inc., Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Rajasheker G, Nagaraju M, Varghese RP, Jalaja N, Somanaboina AK, Singam P, Ramakrishna C, Penna S, Sreenivasulu N, Kishor PBK. Identification and analysis of proline-rich proteins and hybrid proline-rich proteins super family genes from Sorghum bicolor and their expression patterns to abiotic stress and zinc stimuli. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952732. [PMID: 36226297 PMCID: PMC9549341 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Systematic genome-wide analysis of Sorghum bicolor revealed the identification of a total of 48 homologous genes comprising 21 proline-rich proteins (PRPs) and 27 hybrid proline-rich proteins (HyPRPs). Comprehensive scrutiny of these gene homologs was conducted for gene structure, phylogenetic investigations, chromosome mapping, and subcellular localization of proteins. Promoter analysis uncovered the regions rich with phosphorous- (BIHD), ammonium-, sulfur-responsive (SURE), and iron starvation-responsive (IRO2) along with biotic, abiotic, and development-specific cis-elements. Further, PRPs exhibit more methylation and acetylation sites in comparison with HyPRPs. miRNAs have been predicted which might play a role in cleavage and translation inhibition. Several of the SbPRP genes were stimulated in a tissue-specific manner under drought, salt, heat, and cold stresses. Additionally, exposure of plants to abscisic acid (ABA) and zinc (Zn) also triggered PRP genes in a tissue-dependent way. Among them, SbPRP17 has been found upregulated markedly in all tissues irrespective of the stress imposed. The expressions of SbHyPRPs, especially SbHyPRP2, SbHyPRP6, and SbHyPRP17 were activated under all stresses in all three tissues. On the other hand, SbHyPRP8 (root only) and SbHyPRP12 (all three tissues) were highly responsive to cold stress and ABA while SbHyPRP26 was induced by drought and Zn in the stem. Taken together, this study indicates the critical roles that SbPRPs and SbHyPRPs play during diverse abiotic stress conditions and notably the plausible roles that these genes play upon exposure to zinc, the crucial micronutrient in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marka Nagaraju
- Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rinku Polachirakkal Varghese
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, India
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Naravula Jalaja
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Somanaboina
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, India
| | - Prashant Singam
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Suprasanna Penna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Research Unit, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - P. B. Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, India
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Rodríguez-Decuadro S, da Rosa G, Radío S, Barraco-Vega M, Benko-Iseppon AM, Dans PD, Smircich P, Cecchetto G. Antimicrobial peptides in the seedling transcriptome of the tree legume Peltophorum dubium. Biochimie 2020; 180:229-242. [PMID: 33197551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an essential role in plant defense against invading pathogens. Due to their biological properties, these molecules have been considered useful for drug development, as novel agents in disease therapeutics, applicable to both agriculture and medicine. New technologies of massive sequencing open opportunities to discover novel AMP encoding genes in wild plant species. This work aimed to identify cysteine-rich AMPs from Peltophorum dubium, a legume tree from South America. We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of P. dubium seedlings followed by de novo transcriptome assembly, uncovering 78 AMP transcripts classified into five families: hevein-like, lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs), alpha hairpinins, defensins, and snakin/GASA (Giberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis) peptides. No transcripts with similarity to cyclotide or thionin genes were identified. Genomic DNA analysis by PCR confirmed the presence of 18 genes encoding six putative defensins and 12 snakin/GASA peptides and allowed the characterization of their exon-intron structure. The present work demonstrates that AMP prediction from a wild species is possible using RNA sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly, regarding a starting point for studies focused on AMP gene evolution and expression. Moreover, this study allowed the detection of strong AMP candidates for drug development and novel biotechnological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez-Decuadro
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay.
| | - Gabriela da Rosa
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
| | - Santiago Radío
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable. MEC - Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Mariana Barraco-Vega
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235. CEP 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Pablo D Dans
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República. General Fructuoso Rivera 1350, Laboratorio Genética Funcional, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo. Mataojo 2020, Salto 50000, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Pablo Smircich
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable. MEC - Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Gianna Cecchetto
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias - Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay.
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Wang S, Li Q, Zhao L, Fu S, Qin L, Wei Y, Fu YB, Wang H. Arabidopsis UBC22, an E2 able to catalyze lysine-11 specific ubiquitin linkage formation, has multiple functions in plant growth and immunity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 297:110520. [PMID: 32563459 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is critical for various biological processes in eukaryotes. A ubiquitin (Ub) chain can be linked through one of the seven lysine (K) residues or the N-terminus methionine of the Ub, and the Ub-conjugating enzymes called E2s play a critical role in determining the linkage specificity of Ub chains. Further, while K48-linked polyubiquitin chain is important for protein degradation, much less is known about the functions of other types of polyubiquitin chains in plants. We showed previously that UBC22 is unique in its ability to catalyze K11-dependent Ub dimer formation in vitro and ubc22 knockout mutants had defects in megasporogenesis. In this study, further analyses of the Arabidopsis ubc22 mutants revealed four subtypes of plants based on the phenotypic changes in vegetative growth. These four subtypes appeared consistently in the plants of three independent ubc22 mutants. Transcriptomic analysis showed that transcript levels of genes related to several pathways were altered differently in different subtypes of mutant plants. In one subtype, the mutant plants had increased expression of genes related to plant defenses and showed enhanced resistance to a necrotrophic plant pathogen. These results suggest multiple functions of UBC22 during plant development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Qiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada; Plant Gene Resources of Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Sanxiong Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada; Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Yangdou Wei
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Yong-Bi Fu
- Plant Gene Resources of Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Kapoor R, Kumar G, Arya P, Jaswal R, Jain P, Singh K, Sharma TR. Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of Rice Hybrid Proline-Rich Proteins in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses, and Hormone Treatment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E343. [PMID: 31514343 PMCID: PMC6784160 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid proline-rich proteins (HyPRPs) belong to the family of 8-cysteine motif (8CM) containing proteins that play important roles in plant development processes, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To gain insight into the rice HyPRPs, we performed a systematic genome-wide analysis and identified 45 OsHyPRP genes encoding 46 OsHyPRP proteins. The phylogenetic relationships of OsHyPRP proteins with monocots (maize, sorghum, and Brachypodium) and a dicot (Arabidopsis) showed clustering of the majority of OsHyPRPs along with those from other monocots, which suggests lineage-specific evolution of monocots HyPRPs. Based on our previous RNA-Seq study, we selected differentially expressed OsHyPRPs genes and used quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure their transcriptional responses to biotic (Magnaporthe oryzae) and abiotic (heat, cold, and salt) stresses and hormone treatment (Abscisic acid; ABA, Methyl-Jasmonate; MeJA, and Salicylic acid; SA) in rice blast susceptible Pusa Basmati-1 (PB1) and blast-resistant near-isogenic line PB1+Pi9. The induction of OsHyPRP16 expression in response to the majority of stresses and hormonal treatments was highly correlated with the number of cis-regulatory elements present in its promoter region. In silico docking analysis of OsHyPRP16 showed its interaction with sterols of fungal/protozoan origin. The characterization of the OsHyPRP gene family enables us to recognize the plausible role of OsHyPRP16 in stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India.
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Preeti Arya
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India.
| | - Priyanka Jain
- National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India.
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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Streamlined assessment of membrane permeability and its application to membrane engineering of Escherichia coli for octanoic acid tolerance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 46:843-853. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The economic viability of bio-production processes is often limited by damage to the microbial cell membrane and thus there is a demand for strategies to increase the robustness of the cell membrane. Damage to the microbial membrane is also a common mode of action by antibiotics. Membrane-impermeable DNA-binding dyes are often used to assess membrane integrity in conjunction with flow cytometry. We demonstrate that in situ assessment of the membrane permeability of E. coli to SYTOX Green is consistent with flow cytometry, with the benefit of lower experimental intensity, lower cost, and no need for a priori selection of sampling times. This method is demonstrated by the characterization of four membrane engineering strategies (deletion of aas, deletion of cfa, increased expression of cfa, and deletion of bhsA) for their effect on octanoic acid tolerance, with the finding that deletion of bhsA increased tolerance and substantially decreased membrane leakage.
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Nafisi M, Stranne M, Fimognari L, Atwell S, Martens HJ, Pedas PR, Hansen SF, Nawrath C, Scheller HV, Kliebenstein DJ, Sakuragi Y. Acetylation of cell wall is required for structural integrity of the leaf surface and exerts a global impact on plant stress responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:550. [PMID: 26257757 PMCID: PMC4510344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis on leaves protects plants from pathogen invasion and provides a waterproof barrier. It consists of a layer of cells that is surrounded by thick cell walls, which are partially impregnated by highly hydrophobic cuticular components. We show that the Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants of REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION 2 (rwa2), previously identified as having reduced O-acetylation of both pectins and hemicelluloses, exhibit pleiotrophic phenotype on the leaf surface. The cuticle layer appeared diffused and was significantly thicker and underneath cell wall layer was interspersed with electron-dense deposits. A large number of trichomes were collapsed and surface permeability of the leaves was enhanced in rwa2 as compared to the wild type. A massive reprogramming of the transcriptome was observed in rwa2 as compared to the wild type, including a coordinated up-regulation of genes involved in responses to abiotic stress, particularly detoxification of reactive oxygen species and defense against microbial pathogens (e.g., lipid transfer proteins, peroxidases). In accordance, peroxidase activities were found to be elevated in rwa2 as compared to the wild type. These results indicate that cell wall acetylation is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of leaf epidermis, and that reduction of cell wall acetylation leads to global stress responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majse Nafisi
- Copenhagen Plant Science CenterFrederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maria Stranne
- Copenhagen Plant Science CenterFrederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lorenzo Fimognari
- Copenhagen Plant Science CenterFrederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Susanna Atwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | - Helle J. Martens
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pai R. Pedas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sara F. Hansen
- Copenhagen Plant Science CenterFrederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henrik V. Scheller
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
- Danish National Research Foundation Center DynaMOFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yumiko Sakuragi
- Copenhagen Plant Science CenterFrederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
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Investigating the Association between Flowering Time and Defense in the Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium oxysporum Interaction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127699. [PMID: 26034991 PMCID: PMC4452756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to pathogens either by investing more resources into immunity which is costly to development, or by accelerating reproductive processes such as flowering time to ensure reproduction occurs before the plant succumbs to disease. In this study we explored the link between flowering time and pathogen defense using the interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and the root infecting fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. We report that F. oxysporum infection accelerates flowering time and regulates transcription of a number of floral integrator genes, including FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and GIGANTEA (GI). Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between late flowering and resistance to F. oxysporum in A. thaliana natural ecotypes. Late-flowering gi and autonomous pathway mutants also exhibited enhanced resistance to F. oxysporum, supporting the association between flowering time and defense. However, epistasis analysis showed that accelerating flowering time by deletion of FLC in fve-3 or fpa-7 mutants did not alter disease resistance, suggesting that the effect of autonomous pathway on disease resistance occurs independently from flowering time. Indeed, RNA-seq analyses suggest that fve-3 mediated resistance to F. oxysporum is most likely a result of altered defense-associated gene transcription. Together, our results indicate that the association between flowering time and pathogen defense is complex and can involve both pleiotropic and direct effects.
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Wang W, Wang Y, Du Y, Zhao Z, Zhu X, Jiang X, Shu Z, Yin Y, Li X. Overexpression of Camellia sinensis H1 histone gene confers abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1829-41. [PMID: 25063323 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overexpression of CsHis in tobacco promoted chromatin condensation, but did not affect the phenotype. It also conferred tolerance to low-temperature, high-salinity, ABA, drought and oxidative stress in transgenic tobacco. H1 histone, as a major structural protein of higher-order chromatin, is associated with stress responses in plants. Here, we describe the functions of the Camellia sinensis H1 Histone gene (CsHis) to illustrate its roles in plant responses to stresses. Subcellular localization and prokaryotic expression assays showed that the CsHis protein is localized in the nucleus, and its molecular size is approximately 22.5 kD. The expression levels of CsHis in C. sinensis leaves under various conditions were investigated by qRT-PCR, and the results indicated that CsHis was strongly induced by various abiotic stresses such as low-temperature, high-salinity, ABA, drought and oxidative stress. Overexpression of CsHis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) promoted chromatin condensation, while there were almost no changes in the growth and development of transgenic tobacco plants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CsHis belongs to the H1C and H1D variants of H1 histones, which are stress-induced variants and not the key variants required for growth and development. Stress tolerance analysis indicated that the transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher tolerance than the WT plants upon exposure to various abiotic stresses; the transgenic plants displayed reduced wilting and senescence and exhibited greater net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) values. All the above results suggest that CsHis is a stress-induced gene and that its overexpression improves the tolerance to various abiotic stresses in the transgenic tobacco plants, possibly through the maintenance of photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- Tea Science Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China,
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10
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Pitzschke A, Datta S, Persak H. Salt stress in Arabidopsis: lipid transfer protein AZI1 and its control by mitogen-activated protein kinase MPK3. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:722-38. [PMID: 24214892 PMCID: PMC3973493 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A plant's capability to cope with environmental challenges largely relies on signal transmission through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. In Arabidopsis thaliana, MPK3 is particularly strongly associated with numerous abiotic and biotic stress responses. Identification of MPK3 substrates is a milestone towards improving stress resistance in plants. Here, we characterize AZI1, a lipid transfer protein (LTP)-related hybrid proline-rich protein (HyPRP), as a novel target of MPK3. AZI1 is phosphorylated by MPK3 in vitro. As documented by co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments, AZI1 interacts with MPK3 to form protein complexes in planta. Furthermore, null mutants of azi1 are hypersensitive to salt stress, while AZI1-overexpressing lines are markedly more tolerant. AZI1 overexpression in the mpk3 genetic background partially alleviates the salt-hypersensitive phenotype of this mutant, but functional MPK3 appears to be required for the full extent of AZI1-conferred robustness. Notably, this robustness does not come at the expense of normal development. Immunoblot and RT-PCR data point to a role of MPK3 as positive regulator of AZI1 abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pitzschke
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Pitzschke A, Datta S, Persak H. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-regulated AZI1 - an attractive candidate for genetic engineering. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e27764. [PMID: 24518841 PMCID: PMC4091252 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases and their targets have been in the limelight of plant stress research. Signaling pathways mediating the responses to multiple stresses deserve particular attention. In a recent study, we reported AZI1, a member of the lipid transfer protein family, to play a role in MPK3-mediated responses to salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. MPK3 controls AZI1 at the transcriptional and posttranslational level. The AZI1 protein has several properties that make it very attractive for genetic engineering. A model of multi-level control of AZI1 by MPK3 is proposed, and strategies toward optimizing AZI1 protein properties are briefly discussed.
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