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Pan Y, Iwata T. Exploring the Genetic Landscape of Childhood Glaucoma. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:454. [PMID: 38671671 PMCID: PMC11048810 DOI: 10.3390/children11040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Childhood glaucoma, a significant cause of global blindness, represents a heterogeneous group of disorders categorized into primary or secondary forms. Primary childhood glaucoma stands as the most prevalent subtype, comprising primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG). Presently, multiple genes are implicated in inherited forms of primary childhood glaucoma. This comprehensive review delves into genetic investigations into primary childhood glaucoma, with a focus on identifying causative genes, understanding their inheritance patterns, exploring essential biological pathways in disease pathogenesis, and utilizing animal models to study these mechanisms. Specifically, attention is directed towards genes such as CYP1B1 (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1), LTBP2 (latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 2), TEK (TEK receptor tyrosine kinase), ANGPT1 (angiopoietin 1), and FOXC1 (forkhead box C1), all associated with PCG; and MYOC (myocilin), associated with JOAG. Through exploring these genetic factors, this review aims to deepen our understanding of the intricate pathogenesis of primary childhood glaucoma, thereby facilitating the development of enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Iwata
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, NHO Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan;
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2
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Kumar A, Han Y, Oatts JT. Genetic changes and testing associated with childhood glaucoma: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298883. [PMID: 38386645 PMCID: PMC10883561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Many forms of childhood glaucoma have been associated with underlying genetic changes, and variants in many genes have been described. Currently, testing is variable as there are no widely accepted guidelines for testing. This systematic review aimed to summarize the literature describing genetic changes and testing practices in childhood glaucoma. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines and registered with Prospero (ID CRD42023400467). A comprehensive review of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed from inception through March 2, 2023 using the search terms: (glaucoma) AND (pediatric OR childhood OR congenital OR child OR infant OR infantile) AND (gene OR genetic OR genotype OR locus OR genomic OR mutation OR variant OR test OR screen OR panel). Information was extracted regarding genetic variants including genotype-phenotype correlation. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of 1,916 records screened, 196 studies met inclusion criteria and 53 genes were discussed. Among study populations, mean age±SD at glaucoma diagnosis was 8.94±9.54 years and 50.4% were male. The most common gene discussed was CYP1B1, evaluated in 109 (55.6%) studies. CYP1B1 variants were associated with region and population-specific prevalence ranging from 5% to 86% among those with primary congenital glaucoma. MYOC variants were discussed in 31 (15.8%) studies with prevalence up to 36% among patients with juvenile open angle glaucoma. FOXC1 variants were discussed in 25 (12.8%) studies, which demonstrated phenotypic severity dependent on degree of gene expression and type of mutation. Overall risk of bias was low; the most common domains of bias were selection and comparability. Numerous genes and genetic changes have been associated with childhood glaucoma. Understanding the most common genes as well as potential genotype-phenotype correlation has the potential to improve diagnostic and prognostic outcomes for children with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Julius T. Oatts
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Waryah YM, Khidri FF, Nigar R, Devrajani T, Rajput AR, Waryah AM, Ujjan ID. Impact of ACE2 gene variations on COVID-19 pathogenicity in Pakistani patients. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103813. [PMID: 37811480 PMCID: PMC10550763 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, swiftly disseminated and was declared a pandemic. Variations in the ACE2 gene can impact the virus's ability to bind to ACE2 receptor, potentially influencing an individual's susceptibility and its association with COVID-19 severity across various populations. Methods In total, 200 individuals were sequenced for the ACE2 gene and potential impact of the found variants on the ACE2 protein was assessed using in-silico tools. Results Eight variations in the ACE2 gene were identified in 27 COVID-19 patients, of which four were missense and four were intronic variants. Three variants had a MAF of < 0.01 (c.251C > T, p.Pro86Leu; 15C > G, p.S5S; and c. 91 A > G, p.Lys31Glu). A missense variant, p.Pro86Leu, C > T, TT genotype, was found in 9 out of 200 individuals with an allele frequency of 0.045 and showed a significant association with COVID-19 (P = 0.003). The heterozygous allele of 15C > G, p.S5S, was found with a frequency of 0.02 (8/400) in eight patients, and its CG genotype showed a significant association with COVID-19 (P = 0.0068). The remaining identified variants were not associated with COVID-19 susceptibility. Conclusion The ACE2 gene sequence in Pakistani individuals exhibited a low frequency of identified variants in COVID-19 patients. Overall, only two variants were associated with susceptibility to the disease, possibly contributing to Pakistan's lower COVID-19 mortality and infection rates. However, individuals carrying the mutant variant experienced more severe symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yar Muhammad Waryah
- Scientific Ophthalmic and Research Laboratory, Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hyderabad 71500, Pakistan
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Feriha Fatima Khidri
- Department of Biochemistry, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Roohi Nigar
- Department of Gynecology, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Tarachand Devrajani
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza Rajput
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Din Ujjan
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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4
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Selvan H, Gupta S, Wiggs JL, Gupta V. Juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma - A clinical and genetic update. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:1099-1117. [PMID: 34536459 PMCID: PMC9192165 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) is a subset of primary open-angle glaucoma that is diagnosed before 40 years of age. The disease may be familial or non-familial, with proportions varying among different populations. Myocilin mutations are the most commonly associated. JOAG is characterized by high intraocular pressures (IOP), with many patients needing surgery. The mean age at diagnosis is in the 3rd decade, with a male preponderance. Myopia is a common association. The pathophysiology underlying the disease is immaturity of the conventional outflow pathways, which may or may not be observed on gonioscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The unique optic nerve head features include large discs with deep, steep cupping associated with high IOP-induced damage. Progression rates among JOAG patients are comparable to adult primary glaucomas, but as the disease affects younger patients, the projected disability from this disease is higher. Early diagnosis, prompt management, and life-long monitoring play an important role in preventing disease progression. Gene-based therapies currently under investigation offer future hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harathy Selvan
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Viney Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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5
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Xie JJ, Zhang GW, Cui HY, Li N, Liu XX, Hao MY, Wang SW, Lu H. Penetrance of MYOC gene mutation in primary open-angle glaucoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:240-247. [PMID: 35014583 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.2021427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the penetrance of MYOC gene mutation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) through systematic review and meta-analysis. To explore the factors affecting the penetrance of MYOC and provide evidence-based medical evidence for clinical work. METHODS We searched all studies that reported the penetrance of MYOC mutation in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese databases including Wanfang, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and CBM (China Bio-Med). Random effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the penetrance of MYOC mutation in POAG. RESULTS Fifty-two studies were included in this analysis after screening. Meta-analysis of the penetrance of MYOC mutation showed that the penetrance of MYOC mutation in POAG was 60% (95% CI: 51.0% to 68.0%) and the penetrance of MYOC mutation in POAG and suspected POAG was 68% (95% CI: 60.0% to 75.0%). The penetrance of MYOC mutation increases with age. Among Caucasians, Asians, and Africans, the penetrance of MYOC mutation in POAG was 55%, 71%, 54%, respectively, and the penetrance of MYOC mutation in POAG and suspected POAG was 64%, 83%, and 57%, respectively. Besides, the penetrance of different MYOC mutation sites was significantly discrepant. The penetrance of MYOC mutation in POAG ranged from 10.3% to 100% depending on the mutation sites. Some MYOC mutation sites have a certain population specificity, which is only pathogenic in Caucasians or Asians. CONCLUSIONS The penetrance of MYOC mutation in POAG showed significant differences due to different mutation sites. The penetrance increased with the accrescent of age. Ethnic difference was an important factor affecting the penetrance of MYOC mutation. Knowing the rules and influencing factors of the penetrance of MYOC mutations is significant for the assessment of the risk of POAG in carriers with the MYOC mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Yue Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing-Xing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Yao Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shao-Wen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Narsani AK, Waryah AM, Rafiq M, Shaikh H, Naqvi SHA, Kumar R, Kumar P. Mutational analysis of CYP1B1 (rs56010818) variant in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) affected patients of Pakistan. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:96-101. [PMID: 35002398 PMCID: PMC8716894 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) occurs due to the discrepancies in the angle of anterior chamber characterized by the alterations in intraocular pressure, optic nerves head changes and central loss of visual field. In molecular research, CYP1B1 mutations modulates an integral role in association with glaucoma. Current study was undertaken to reveal the homozygous and heterozygous patterns of CYP1B1 c.1169 G > A variant (rs56010818) in POAG patients of Pakistan. Methods After consent, total n = 88 POAG patients undergone through standard ophthalmological investigations before their recruitment in this study. The blood samples were utilized for DNA isolation. The genotyping of CYP1B1 c.1169 G > A variant was carried out by Sanger sequencing. The mutational patterns and its association with clinical variables were demonstrated by statistical and bioinformatic tools. Results It was evident that the frequencies of heterozygous G/A and homozygous mutants A/A genotypes were higher in males (36.5%, 7.7%) than females (30.6%, 2.8%) of POAG population. Furthermore, the juvenile patients exhibit high manifestation of carrier genotype (66.6%) in comparison to adult patients (31.7%). The results also indicated the significant relationship of intraocular pressure with homozygous mutant A/A genotype of CYP1B1 variant in POAG patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our study provided the mutational data of CYP1B1 R390H variant and the patterns of homozygosity and heterozygosity along with clinical associations. Overall, this study revealed the genetic predisposition of CYP1B1 c.1169 G > A variant in the patients of POAG in Pakistan. The findings could be helpful for genetic screening and in-depth understanding of underlying causes in the pathogenesis of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Narsani
- Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Department Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hina Shaikh
- Department Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Syed Habib Ahmed Naqvi
- Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Raveet Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Scelsi HF, Barlow BM, Saccuzzo EG, Lieberman RL. Common and rare myocilin variants: Predicting glaucoma pathogenicity based on genetics, clinical, and laboratory misfolding data. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:903-946. [PMID: 34082484 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rare variants of the olfactomedin domain of myocilin are considered causative for inherited, early-onset open-angle glaucoma, with a misfolding toxic gain-of-function pathogenic mechanism detailed by 20 years of laboratory research. Myocilin variants are documented in the scientific literature and identified through large-scale genetic sequencing projects such as those curated in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). In the absence of key clinical and laboratory information, however, the pathogenicity of any given variant is not clear, because glaucoma is a heterogeneous and prevalent age-onset disease, and common variants are likely benign. In this review, we reevaluate the likelihood of pathogenicity for the ~100 nonsynonymous missense, insertion-deletion, and premature termination of myocilin olfactomedin variants documented in the literature. We integrate available clinical, laboratory cellular, biochemical and biophysical data, the olfactomedin domain structure, and population genetics data from gnomAD. Of the variants inspected, ~50% can be binned based on a preponderance of data, leaving many of uncertain pathogenicity that motivate additional studies. Ultimately, the approach of combining metrics from different disciplines will likely resolve outstanding complexities regarding the role of this misfolding-prone protein within the context of a multifactorial and prevalent ocular disease, and pave the way for new precision medicine therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailee F Scelsi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brett M Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily G Saccuzzo
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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8
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Ansar M, Chung H, Waryah YM, Makrythanasis P, Falconnet E, Rao AR, Guipponi M, Narsani AK, Fingerhut R, Santoni FA, Ranza E, Waryah AM, Bellen HJ, Antonarakis SE. Visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi caused by recessive pathogenic variant in MARK3. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2703-2711. [PMID: 29771303 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental eye defects often severely reduce vision. Despite extensive efforts, for a substantial fraction of these cases the molecular causes are unknown. Recessive eye disorders are frequent in consanguineous populations and such large families with multiple affected individuals provide an opportunity to identify recessive causative genes. We studied a Pakistani consanguineous family with three affected individuals with congenital vision loss and progressive eye degeneration. The family was analyzed by exome sequencing of one affected individual and genotyping of all family members. We have identified a non-synonymous homozygous variant (NM_001128918.2: c.1708C > G: p.Arg570Gly) in the MARK3 gene as the likely cause of the phenotype. Given that MARK3 is highly conserved in flies (I: 55%; S: 67%) we knocked down the MARK3 homologue, par-1, in the eye during development. This leads to a significant reduction in eye size, a severe loss of photoreceptors and loss of vision based on electroretinogram (ERG) recordings. Expression of the par-1 p.Arg792Gly mutation (equivalent to the MARK3 variant found in patients) in developing fly eyes also induces loss of eye tissue and reduces the ERG signals. The data in flies and human indicate that the MARK3 variant corresponds to a loss of function. We conclude that the identified mutation in MARK3 establishes a new gene-disease link, since it likely causes structural abnormalities during eye development and visual impairment in humans, and that the function of MARK3/par-1 is evolutionarily conserved in eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hyunglok Chung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yar M Waryah
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Periklis Makrythanasis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Falconnet
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali Raza Rao
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Michel Guipponi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ashok K Narsani
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ralph Fingerhut
- Swiss Newborn Screening Laboratory, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federico A Santoni
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Ranza
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali M Waryah
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stylianos E Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Waryah YM, Iqbal M, Sheikh SA, Baig MA, Narsani AK, Atif M, Bhinder MA, Ur Rahman A, Memon AI, Pirzado MS, Waryah AM. Two novel variants in CYP1B1 gene: a major contributor of autosomal recessive primary congenital glaucoma with allelic heterogeneity in Pakistani patients. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:8-15. [PMID: 30662834 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To find the CYP1B1 mutations associated with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in Pakistani consanguineous pedigrees. METHODS After getting informed consent, 11 consanguineous pedigrees belonging to different ethnic groups were enrolled. Detailed medical history was recorded and pedigrees were drawn. The standard ophthalmological examination was done to characterize the phenotype. Genomic DNA was extracted from 10 mL whole blood and coding exons and exon intron boundaries of CYP1B1 gene were directly sequenced. Bioinformatics tools were used to model the mutant protein and predict the effect of novel variants on protein structure and function. RESULTS Sequencing analysis revealed 5 different CYP1B1 variants in 7 families (7/11; 64%), including two novel variants. A common mutation, p.R390H was found in four families, whereas p.P437L was found once in a family. Two novel variants, a homozygous non sense variant p.L13* and a compound heterozygous variant, p.P350T along with p.V364M were segregating with PCG in two families. All the patients had the variable onset and severity of the disease. The success rate of early clinical interventions was observed dependent on mutation types and position. Two different haplotypes were associated with frequently found mutation, p.R390H. CONCLUSION Identification of novel CYP1B1 variants reassert the genetic heterogeneity of Pakistani PCG patients. The patients with missense mutations show severe phenotypic presentations and poor vision after surgical interventions as compare to patients with null variants. This may help to better understand the role of CYP1B1 mutations in the development of PCG and its course of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yar Muhammad Waryah
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Sheikh
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azhar Baig
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ashok Kumar Narsani
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad Bhinder
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Attiq Ur Rahman
- Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi District 75270, Pakistan
| | - Azam Iqbal Memon
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suleman Pirzado
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E. Yap
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), The Western Eye Hospital, London, UK
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eduardo M. Normando
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), The Western Eye Hospital, London, UK
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Francesca Cordeiro
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), The Western Eye Hospital, London, UK
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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11
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Restrepo NA, Cooke Bailey JN. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Genetics in African Americans. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2017; 5:167-174. [PMID: 29276656 PMCID: PMC5739069 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-017-0131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Individuals of African descent are at highest risk for developing primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a devastating disease and major contributor of blindness worldwide. Currently, there is a large dearth of knowledge in this area despite a critical need for better understanding the underlying genetic and environmental factors afflicting this population. Here we highlight the current literature exploring the genetics of POAG in African Americans. RECENT FINDINGS Current studies have yet to replicate European POAG index variants (i.e. CDKN2B-AS1 and SIX1/SIX6) in African Americans or to definitely exclude that these loci contribute to risk in African descent populations. Recent studies have evaluated clinical features that may account for some differences in POAG risk between African Americans and European Americans. SUMMARY In summary, little headway has been made in elucidating the genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma in African Americans and other individuals of African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Restrepo
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jessica N. Cooke Bailey
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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12
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Ansar M, Riazuddin S, Sarwar MT, Makrythanasis P, Paracha SA, Iqbal Z, Khan J, Assir MZ, Hussain M, Razzaq A, Polla DL, Taj AS, Holmgren A, Batool N, Misceo D, Iwaszkiewicz J, de Brouwer APM, Guipponi M, Hanquinet S, Zoete V, Santoni FA, Frengen E, Ahmed J, Riazuddin S, van Bokhoven H, Antonarakis SE. Biallelic variants in LINGO1 are associated with autosomal recessive intellectual disability, microcephaly, speech and motor delay. Genet Med 2017; 20:778-784. [DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Waryah AM, Shahzad M, Shaikh H, Sheikh SA, Channa NA, Hufnagel RB, Makhdoom A, Riazuddin S, Ahmed ZM. A novel CHST3 allele associated with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and hearing loss in Pakistani kindred. Clin Genet 2016; 90:90-5. [PMID: 26572954 PMCID: PMC4870159 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias (SDs) are highly heterogeneous disorders composed of 40 clinical sub-types that are part of 456 well-delineated syndromes in humans. Here, we enrolled consanguineous kindred from a remote area of Sindh province of Pakistan, with 14 affected individuals suffering with short stature, kyphoscoliosis, joint dislocations, clubfoot, heart valve anomalies and progressive bilateral mixed hearing loss. To identify pathogenic variants in this family, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in one affected and one normal individual, which revealed a novel transversion mutation (c.802G>T; p.Glu268*) in CHST3 associated with the phenotype. CHST3 encodes a chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 (C6ST-1) enzyme that is essential for the sulfation of proteoglycans found in cartilages. Previously, mutations in CHST3 have largely been reported in sporadic cases of SD, primarily with severe spinal abnormalities, joint dislocations, joint contractures, and clubfoot. Clinical and radiological examination of the affected individuals in this family provides new insights into phenotypic spectrum of CHST3 alleles and disease progression with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M. Waryah
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Shahzad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hina Shaikh
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel A. Sheikh
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Naseem A. Channa
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Unit on Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Asadullah Makhdoom
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zubair M. Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kumar S, Malik MA, Goswami S, Sihota R, Kaur J. Candidate genes involved in the susceptibility of primary open angle glaucoma. Gene 2016; 577:119-31. [PMID: 26621382 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Jin X, Wang DJ, Qu LH, Hou BK, Gong Y, Xu WW. Haplotype analysis of association of the MYOC gene with primary angle-closure glaucoma in a Han Chinese population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:3-8. [PMID: 25268471 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to examine whether or not myocilin (MYOC) genetic variations are associated with susceptibility to primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in the Han Chinese population. METHODS Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-rs235913, rs183532, rs12076134, and rs235875-in the MYOC gene were genotyped in 212 adult patients with PACG and 255 age-, sex-, and ethnic-matched healthy controls by using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Data were analyzed by chi-square analysis. RESULTS The four SNPs in the MYOC gene were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all the subjects. The frequencies of A allele rs183532 were significantly different between the PACG patients and the controls (0.238 vs. 0.169, p=0.008; OR=1.541; 95% CI: 1.117-2.127). The frequencies of the AA genotype and A allele of rs235913 were increased in PACG patients compared with controls, but the difference was not significant (p=0.037, p=0.017, respectively). A comparison of the distributions of the genotypes and alleles of rs12076134 and rs235875 showed no statistically significant differences between the PACG patients and the controls (p>0.05). Haplotype analysis indicated that the frequency of the AATG and AATA haplotypes was significantly higher for PACG patients than for control subjects (both p<0.001). However, the frequency of CGGA and CGTG haplotypes was lower for PACG patients than for control subjects (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that rs183532 is associated with an increased risk of PACG in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing, China
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Shaikh N, Waryah AM, Devrajani BR, Rajput MI, Hayat AS, Shaikh S. IL28B rs12980275 polymorphism shows association with response to treatment in Pakistani patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 2015; 87:814-20. [PMID: 25652367 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the genetic characteristics of Pakistani patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in relation to IL28B polymorphisms and its association to interferon and ribavirin treatment response. A total of 220 patients, infected with HCV were enrolled, out of which 100 were responders and 120 were nonresponders. The whole blood samples were collected to extract viral RNA and genomic DNA. PCR following the restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to genotype IL28B rs12979860, rs8099917, and rs12980275 polymorphisms. Liver biopsies and HCV genotyping were performed in nonresponder patients. The rs12980275 AA genotype exhibited significant correlation to treatment response and was found in 62% of the responders and 37.5% of nonresponder patients, whereas AG genotype was noticed frequently in the nonresponder group (P < 0.0001). The rs12979860 CT and rs8099917 TT genotypes were found in 74% and 66% of the responders as compared to 58.3% and 50.8% in nonresponder patients (P = 0.001 and P = 0.032) respectively. HCV 3a genotypes were detected in 50.8% of the nonresponder patients. No significant association was detected between liver biopsy findings and IL28B SNPs (P > 0.05). The results showed the significant association of rs12980275 polymorphism with treatment response in HCV patients followed by rs12979860 and rs8099917. This is the first report describing the association of rs12980275 with response to HCV treatment from Pakistan. These findings may help in predicting the outcome of pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment in HCV patients, and may reduce the side effects and cost of treatment in predicting non-responder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Shaikh
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro; Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro
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