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Bedin LC, Alves PV, da Silva RJ. Evolutionary affinities and morphological characterization of the enigmatic Zonocotyle bicaecata (Trematoda: Paramphistomoidea: Zonocotylidae) from the Upper Paraná River basin. Syst Parasitol 2024; 101:30. [PMID: 38635136 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-024-10158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Neotropical fish amphistomes represent a highly diverse group within the Paramphistomoidea, with wide distribution across major South American hydrological drainages. However, the limited molecular characterization of these taxa has impeded a comprehensive assessment of their evolutionary relationships and the systematic relevance of morphological features in classification schemes. Our study, based on the critical evaluation of the type material of both nominal species of Zonocotyle (type genus of the monotypic Zonocotylidae), and newly collected specimens of Zonocotyle bicaecata from Steindachnerina insculpta (Curimatidae) in the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil, presents a morphological reappraisal of Z. bicaecata and provides molecular data (28S rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, and COI mtDNA) to assess its phylogenetic relationships. Our phylogenetic analyses confirm this species belongs to the Paramphistomoidea. The most comprehensive analyses (based on 28S and COI) further indicate a close relationship with other fish amphistomes from the Neotropical region. Additionally, we emphasized the necessity for a new classification within Paramphistomoidea and briefly discussed the host range of Zonocotyle among curimatid fish hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia C Bedin
- Instituto de Biociências, Setor de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18616-689, Brazil
| | - Philippe V Alves
- Instituto de Biociências, Setor de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18616-689, Brazil.
| | - Reinaldo J da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Setor de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18616-689, Brazil
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2
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Paguem A, Kamtsap P, Manchang TK, Yembo J, Achukwi MD, Streit A, Renz A. Species identity and phylogeny of Paramphistomoidea Fischoeder, 1901 occurring in cattle and sheep in North Cameroon. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 45:100922. [PMID: 37783526 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Paramphistomidae and Gastrothylacidae are parasitic flatworms occurring in wild and domestic ruminants in different parts of the world especially in Asia and Africa. In Central Africa, few studies have been done using molecular techniques to resolve taxonomical groupings and understand the epizootiology of these parasites. In this study, we molecularly characterized two hundred adult flukes collected from the fore stomachs of cattle and sheep in the Adamawa region of the northern Cameroon. PCR and sequencing of the nuclear ITS-2 of the ribosomal DNA gene and a portion of the mitochondrial cox-1 locus revealed the presence of at least nine species belonging to the genera of Cotylophoron, Calicophorn, Orthocoelium and Carmyerius. In Zebu cattle, we identified Ca. microbothrium, Ca. clavula, Ca. phillerouxi, Co. cotylophorum, Co. fuelleborni, O. scoliocoelium, Car. gregarius, Car. graberi and Car. mancupatus and one yet unknown Paramphistomoidea sp, whereas in sheep, only Ca. microbothrium was found. The present study also strongly suggests cross-hybridization between the two Cotylophoron species coexisting in cattle. These results have implications for the diagnosis and control of rumen flukes in the region and point to the need for accurate species identification to understand parasite distribution and population genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archile Paguem
- Department of Comparative Zoology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Pierre Kamtsap
- Department of Comparative Zoology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Tanyi Kingsley Manchang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, Cameroon; Bangangte Multipurpose Research Station, P.O. Box 222, Bangangte, Cameroon
| | - Jeremie Yembo
- Programme Onchocercose Field Station of the University of Tübingen, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | | | - Adrian Streit
- Department for Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfons Renz
- Department of Comparative Zoology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Programme Onchocercose Field Station of the University of Tübingen, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
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3
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Cutmore SC, Corner RD, Cribb TH. Morphological constraint obscures richness: a mitochondrial exploration of cryptic richness in Transversotrema (Trematoda: Transversotrematidae). Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:595-635. [PMID: 37488048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Species of Transversotrema Witenberg, 1944 (Transversotrematidae) occupy a unique ecological niche for the Trematoda, living externally under the scales of their teleost hosts. Previous studies of the genus have been impeded partly by limited variation in ribosomal DNA sequence data between closely related species and partly by a lack of morphometrically informative characters. Here, we assess richness of the tropical Indo-west Pacific species through parallel phylogenetic and morphometric analyses, generating cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial sequence data and morphometric data for hologenophore specimens from Australia, French Polynesia, Japan and Palau. These analyses demonstrate that molecular data provide the only reliable basis for species identification; host distribution, and to a lesser extent morphology, are useful for identifying just a few species of Transversotrema. We infer that a combination of morphological simplicity and infection site constraint has led to the group displaying exceptionally low morphological diversification. Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial data broadly support previous systematic interpretations based on ribosomal data, but also demonstrate the presence of several morphologically and ecologically cryptic species. Ten new species are described, eight from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (Transversotrema chrysallis n. sp., Transversotrema daphnidis n. sp., Transversotrema enceladi n. sp., Transversotrema hyperionis n. sp., Transversotrema iapeti n. sp., Transversotrema rheae n. sp., Transversotrema tethyos n. sp., and Transversotrema titanis n. sp.) and two from off Japan (Transversotrema methones n. sp. and Transversotrema panos n. sp.). There are now 26 Transversotrema species known from Australian marine fishes, making it the richest trematode genus for the fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Cutmore
- Queensland Museum, Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
| | - Richard D Corner
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas H Cribb
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Nak-On S, Chontananarth T. The determination and relationship of four coexisting paramphistomes in perspective of integrative taxonomic investigation. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY: REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2023; 40:100849. [PMID: 37068856 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Co-infections with Orthocoelium species and other paramphistomes were found in different ruminant hosts from two provinces of Thailand. Whilst O. parvipapillatum coexisted with Paramphistomum epiclitum in the same cattle (Bos taurus) from Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, O. dicranocoelium and Fischoederius elongatus were found in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from Chiang Mai Province. Morphological, histological, and tegumental surface features of both Orthocoelium species were intensively investigated for species differentiation. Statistical analysis of eight morphometric ratios presented morphological differences for three paramphistomes in the Paramphistomidae family and some relationships among paramphistomes in different definitive hosts. The genetic relationships of the co-infecting paramphistomes were investigated using p-distance and phylogenetic tree analyses. Genetic variations in the Orthocoelium co-infecting paramphistomes, P. epiclitum and F. elongatus, were calculated and compared to DNA sequence alignments based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA markers. In addition, the phylogenetic tree constructions from both DNA markers and their concatenated sequence (ITS2 + COI) were used for species confirmation and the presentation of genetic relationships between co-infecting paramphistomes and other paramphistomes. This study improves the basic taxonomical description and understanding of parasite-parasite and host-parasite interactions from the perspectives of morpho-histological, morphometric, and genetic variation in co-infecting paramphistomes and Orthocoelium species in different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirapat Nak-On
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Thapana Chontananarth
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand; Research and Innovation Unit for Diagnosis of Medical and Veterinary Important Parasites, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
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Nak-On S, Tejangkura T, Chontananarth T. Multi-detection for paramphistomes using novel manually designed PAR-LAMP primers and its application in a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) system. Vet Parasitol 2023; 317:109905. [PMID: 36921410 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been applied for the detection of various parasites, and its application in lateral flow dipstick (LFD) can improve the convenience of point-of-care diagnosis. A novel PAR-LAMP probe and primers were designed by manual selection from a region of low variation in the ITS-2 DNA sequence. Up to six species of rumen fluke were detected by LAMP and LAMP-LFD in this study. Target specificity and sensitivity were tested, revealing a high target specificity (accuracy) and a low limit of detection (sensitivity). Different target sensitivities of paramphistome were presented, including 5 pg for Gastrothylax crumenifer and Carmyerius sp.; 1 pg for Fischoederius elongatus, Orthocoelium parvipapillatum, and O. dicranocoelium; and 0.1 pg for Paramphistomum epiclitum. LAMP-LFD can detect a paramphistome egg even in contaminated in feces that was spiked with the egg under laboratory conditions. In addition, natural paramphistome infection in cattle from Surat Thani and Khon Kaen provinces, Thailand, was evaluated by detection of egg contamination in fecal specimens using PAR-LAMP primers. The PAR-LAMP detection result was also statistically evaluated by microscopic examination of feces. This study presents the application of novel manually designed primers in a LAMP-LFD system for improving performance in detection and diagnosis assays for paramphistomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirapat Nak-On
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Thanawan Tejangkura
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand; Research and innovation unit for diagnosis of medical and veterinary important parasites, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Thapana Chontananarth
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand; Research and innovation unit for diagnosis of medical and veterinary important parasites, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
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Tookhy NA, Nur-Mahiza MI, Mansor R, Yasmin AR, Ahmad NI, Hamzah NH, Idri LH. Rumen Fluke in Cattle and Buffaloes in Asia: A Review. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE 2022; 45:781-803. [DOI: 10.47836/pjtas.45.3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Rumen fluke is a parasitosis that infects ruminant animals across a wide geographical range of countries. It is a severe infection in temperate and tropical climate regions of Asia, Australia, Africa, and Europe, which cause significant economic losses. In this review, the available information to date on rumen fluke species infecting cattle and buffaloes in Asian countries is evaluated. The citation search was performed through specific keywords, literature published from 1964 to 2021, retrieved from electronic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Pub Med, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. Twenty-six (26) rumen fluke species belonging to two families: Paramphistomidae 61.5% (16/26) and Gastrothylacidae 38.4% (10/26), were reported in cattle and buffaloes in fourteen Asian countries. Paramphistomum cervi and Cotylophoron cotylophorum are the most prevalent species with broader distribution in countries than the other genera. The coprological prevalence varies from 0.8% to 98.17% and 0.86% to 78.4% in cattle and buffaloes, respectively. The prevalence of rumen fluke by fluke counts method range between 6.45% to 90.6% and 4.29% to 75.07% in cattle and buffaloes, respectively. The sedimentation method and fluke count are reliable tests for detecting rumen fluke in live and slaughtered animals. In conclusion, the rumen fluke should be considered a critical production disease that affects cattle and buffaloes in Asia. Further studies are necessary to determine the rumen fluke-snail associations, develop diagnostic tests to detect prepatent infections in the definitive host, determine the economic importance of rumen fluke, and determine the efficacy of different anthelmintic in the treatment of patent infections in the definitive host.
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Molecular identification of trematode parasites infecting the freshwater snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos in Thailand. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e49. [PMID: 35856266 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Digenetic trematodes are important parasites of humans and animals. They have complex life cycles and typically infect a gastropod as the first intermediate host. Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos, the first intermediate host of the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, harbours a wide variety of other trematode species. Morphological details of cercariae of 20 trematode taxa from B. s. goniomphalos, collected mainly in Thailand from 2009 to 2014, were provided in an earlier paper. Correct identification to the species or genus level based on morphology of these cercariae is generally not possible. Therefore, we used molecular data to improve identification and to investigate the diversity of the species of trematodes infecting B. s. goniomphalos. We were successful in extracting, amplifying and sequencing portions of the 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene for 19 of these 20 types of cercaria, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 region for 18 types. BLAST searches in GenBank and phylogenetic trees inferred from the 28S rRNA sequences identified members of at least nine superfamilies and 12 families. Only a few cercariae could be assigned confidently to genus or species on the basis of the sequence data. Matching sequence data from named adult trematodes will be required for definitive identification. There is clearly a great diversity of trematode species utilizing B. s. goniomphalos in Thailand.
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Watthanasiri P, Geadkaew-Krenc A, Grams R. Morphology and Mitochondrial Genome of Fischoederius sp. 1 in Thailand. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:355-362. [PMID: 34470086 PMCID: PMC8413858 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A rumen fluke Fischoederius elongatus is assigned to the type species of genus Fischoederius, family Gastrothylacidae. However, the mitochondrial sequences recently published are thought to be of inconsistent species, suggesting that several morphologically similar but genetically distinct species might be classified as Fischoederius elongatus. Thus, mentions of F. elongatus from South, Southeast, and East Asia might unintentionally refer to different species. The present work describes morphology and a full mitochondrial genome sequence of one of these species. The fluke specimens were collected from 2 infected cattle in Thailand. An interesting finding was the presence of a second tRNA-Asp gene next to a partial ND1 gene. It is suggested that these duplicated sequences are the remnants of non-reciprocal recombination events caused by inverted repeats located between ND2 and ND1 mitochondrial genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichanee Watthanasiri
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
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Watthanasiri P, Geadkaew-Krenc A, Smooker PM, Grams R. Fischoederius elongatus (Poirier, 1883) Stiles & Goldberger, 1910, a cryptic species of pouched amphistome (Gastrothylacidae)? Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 245:111405. [PMID: 34303769 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rumen flukes in the genus Fischoederius are neglected foodborne parasites of cattle in Asia. Fischoederius elongatus, first described in 1883 from a sample collected in Indonesia is the type-species of the genus and is found from South to East Asia. In this study Fischoederius spp were collected from cattle in Thailand. The flukes resembled F. elongatus and images of 48 specimens were taken and their DNA was isolated. The mtDNA sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1) gene was amplified by PCR and used for restriction analysis with MseI. Nine restriction patterns (A-I) were observed and the COX1 mtDNA sequence for each pattern was determined. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the nine COX1 sequences into five groups with 4.6-9.6 % sequence differences between the groups. This is beyond intragenic variation observed for the COX1 gene in other organisms and suggested that the analyzed specimens represented several species. A comparative transcriptome analysis of specimens with COX1 MseI patterns A, C, E supported this finding. The observed median base differences, both absolute and relative, in the protein coding sequences of 999 orthologs were similar to those between distinct fruit fly species. It is proposed that the genus Fischoederius contains undescribed species that follow the classic description of F. elongatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichanee Watthanasiri
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Peter M Smooker
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand.
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Assessing the suitability of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genetic markers for molecular systematics and species identification of helminths. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:233. [PMID: 33933158 PMCID: PMC8088577 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic markers are employed widely in molecular studies, and their utility depends on the degree of sequence variation, which dictates the type of application for which they are suited. Consequently, the suitability of a genetic marker for any specific application is complicated by its properties and usage across studies. To provide a yardstick for future users, in this study we assess the suitability of genetic markers for molecular systematics and species identification in helminths and provide an estimate of the cut-off genetic distances per taxonomic level. METHODS We assessed four classes of genetic markers, namely nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers, nuclear rRNA, mitochondrial rRNA and mitochondrial protein-coding genes, based on certain properties that are important for species identification and molecular systematics. For molecular identification, these properties are inter-species sequence variation; length of reference sequences; easy alignment of sequences; and easy to design universal primers. For molecular systematics, the properties are: average genetic distance from order/suborder to species level; the number of monophyletic clades at the order/suborder level; length of reference sequences; easy alignment of sequences; easy to design universal primers; and absence of nucleotide substitution saturation. Estimation of the cut-off genetic distances was performed using the 'K-means' clustering algorithm. RESULTS The nuclear rRNA genes exhibited the lowest sequence variation, whereas the mitochondrial genes exhibited relatively higher variation across the three groups of helminths. Also, the nuclear and mitochondrial rRNA genes were the best possible genetic markers for helminth molecular systematics, whereas the mitochondrial protein-coding and rRNA genes were suitable for molecular identification. We also revealed that a general gauge of genetic distances might not be adequate, using evidence from the wide range of genetic distances among nematodes. CONCLUSION This study assessed the suitability of DNA genetic markers for application in molecular systematics and molecular identification of helminths. We provide a novel way of analyzing genetic distances to generate suitable cut-off values for each taxonomic level using the 'K-means' clustering algorithm. The estimated cut-off genetic distance values, together with the summary of the utility and limitations of each class of genetic markers, are useful information that can benefit researchers conducting molecular studies on helminths.
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Mitchell G, Zadoks RN, Skuce PJ. A Universal Approach to Molecular Identification of Rumen Fluke Species Across Hosts, Continents, and Sample Types. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:605259. [PMID: 33748201 PMCID: PMC7969503 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.605259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumen fluke are parasitic trematodes that affect domestic and wild ruminants across a wide range of countries and habitats. There are 6 major genera of rumen fluke and over 70 recognized species. Accurate species identification is important to investigate the epidemiology, pathophysiology and economic impact of rumen fluke species but paramphistomes are morphologically plastic, which has resulted in numerous instances of misclassification. Here, we present a universal approach to molecular identification of rumen fluke species, including different life-cycle stages (eggs, juvenile and mature fluke) and sample preservation methods (fresh, ethanol- or formalin-fixed, and paraffin wax-embedded). Among 387 specimens from 173 animals belonging to 10 host species and originating from 14 countries on 5 continents, 10 rumen fluke species were identified based on ITS-2 intergenic spacer sequencing, including members of the genera Calicophoron, Cotylophoron, Fischeroedius, Gastrothylax, Orthocoelium, and Paramphistomum. Pairwise comparison of ITS-2 sequences from this study and GenBank showed >98.5% homology for 80% of intra-species comparisons and <98.5% homology for 97% of inter-species comparisons, suggesting that some sequence data may have been entered into public repositories with incorrect species attribution based on morphological analysis. We propose that ITS-2 sequencing could be used as a universal tool for rumen fluke identification across host and parasite species from diverse technical and geographical origins and form the basis of an international reference database for accurate species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Mitchell
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth N. Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J. Skuce
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
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Kahl A, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Krücken J, Ganter M. Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:549. [PMID: 33669891 PMCID: PMC7923292 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Grazing sheep and goats are constantly exposed to helminth infections in many parts of the world, including several trematode species that causes a range of clinical diseases. The clinical picture of flukes is dependent upon the organs in which they develop and the tissues they damage within the respective organs. Accordingly, infections with the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, which, as juvenile worm migrates through the liver parenchyma for several weeks, may be associated with hepatic disorders such as impairment of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, followed by chronic wasting. In contrast, the lancet fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum, which does not exhibit tissue migration and thus does not lead to major tissue damage and bleeding, also does not lead to significant clinical symptoms. Rumen flukes such as Cotylophoron daubneyi cause catarrhal inflammation during their migration through the intestinal and abomasal epithelium during its juvenile stages. Depending on the infection intensity this may result in a range of clinical symptoms including diarrhoea, inappetence or emaciation. In this review, we aim to provide an update on the current knowledge on flukes particularly concerning the clinical relevance of the most important fluke species in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kahl
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (G.v.S.-H.); (J.K.)
| | - Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (G.v.S.-H.); (J.K.)
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (G.v.S.-H.); (J.K.)
| | - Martin Ganter
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
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Alves PV, Assis JCA, López-Hernández D, Pulido-Murillo EA, Melo AL, Locke SA, Pinto HA. A phylogenetic study of the cecal amphistome Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda: Zygocotylidae), with notes on the molecular systematics of Paramphistomoidea. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2511-2520. [PMID: 32562066 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zygocotyle lunata inhabits the caecum of birds and mammals from the American continent. This amphistome parasite is easily maintained in the laboratory and serves as a model organism in life-cycle studies, but it has seldom been studied using molecular data. Neither the position of Z. lunata in the superfamily Paramphistomoidea nor the monophyly of the Zygocotylidae has been evaluated with molecular phylogenetic methods. In the present study, adult specimens of Z. lunata obtained experimentally in mice from Brazil were submitted to molecular studies. Partial sequences of nuclear (1261 bp of 28S and 418 bp of 5.8S-ITS-2) and mitochondrial (1410 bp of cytochrome c oxidase 1, cox1) markers were compared with published data. In the most well-resolved phylogeny, based on 28S sequences, Z. lunata clustered in a well-supported clade with Wardius zibethicus, the only other species currently included in the Zygocotylidae, thus confirming the validity of this family. Divergence of 28S sequences between these species was 2.2%, which falls in the range of intergeneric variation (0.9-5.6%) observed in the other two monophyletic groups in the 28S tree, i.e., representatives of Gastrodicidae and Neotropical cladorchiids (Cladorchiidae). Analysis of ITS-2 and two parts of the cox1 gene placed Z. lunata within poorly resolved clades or large polytomies composed of several paramphistomoid families, without clarifying higher-level phylogenetic relationships. The cox1 of a Brazilian isolate of Z. lunata is 99.6% similar to a Canadian isolate, confirming the pan-American distribution of the species. Finally, our phylogenetic reconstructions of Paramphistomoidea revealed a complex scenario in the taxonomic composition of some amphistome families, which highlights a need for further integrative studies that will likely result in rearrangements of traditional morphology-based classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe V Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C.P. 486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Jordana C A Assis
- Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C.P. 486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Danimar López-Hernández
- Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C.P. 486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Pulido-Murillo
- Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C.P. 486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Alan L Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C.P. 486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Sean A Locke
- Department of Biology, Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Hudson A Pinto
- Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C.P. 486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30123-970, Brazil.
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Nak-On S, Chontananarth T. Rumen fluke, Fischoederius elongatus (Trematoda: Gastrothylacidae): Preliminary investigation of suitable conditions for egg hatching. Vet Parasitol 2020; 282:109135. [PMID: 32470871 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Various temperatures may have different effects on the distribution of paramphistomes that cause amphistomosis in cattle, including Fischoederius elongatus. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different temperature treatments on F. elongatus hatching, with specific identification using morphological, histological, and phylogenetic analysis. All specimens were collected from two buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumens in a slaughterhouse in Pathum Thani province, Thailand. F. elongatus adults were kept in phosphate buffered saline solution for egg collection. The egg specimens were incubated in tap water under four different temperature conditions: 4 °C, room temperature, 35 °C, and 55 °C. For 31 days, egg specimens of approximately 50 eggs per observation were randomly classified into three stages (undeveloped, developing (or pre-hatching), and hatched). To test the change of temperature, cold water was used for thermal shocking the egg specimens. The results indicated that rates of egg development and hatching were highest at 35 °C and significantly higher than in the other treatments (P < 0.001). In addition, statistical investigation of pre-thermal shock results also suggesting that 35 ºC may be a suitable condition for hatching F. elongatus eggs and could enhance the developing and hatching by longer periods of incubation for more than 26 days. Even changing the temperature could affect development and hatching but initial environment temperature remains an important factor. These data could be used for efficient epidemiological prediction of F. elongatus and applied in livestock management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirapat Nak-On
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Thapana Chontananarth
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
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15
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Pantoja C, Scholz T, Luque JL, Jones A. First molecular assessment of the interrelationships of cladorchiid digeneans (Digenea: Paramphistomoidea), parasites of Neotropical fishes, including descriptions of three new species and new host and geographical records. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2019; 66. [PMID: 31490125 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2019.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The first molecular assessment of phylogenetic relationships of cladorchiid digeneans (superfamily Paramphistomoidea Fischoeder, 1901) from freshwater fishes based on 28S rDNA, ITS2 and cox1 sequences reveals the subfamilies Dadayiinae Fukui, 1929 and Kalitrematinae Travassos, 1933 as non-monophyletic, whereas Dadaytrema Travassos, 1931 represented by three species is monophyletic. Fourteen species of cladorchiids were found in characiform, perciform and siluriform fishes in the Neotropical Region (Brazil and Peru), with numerous new host and geographical records. The first scanning electron micrographs of seven species are presented. Two new species of dadayiine and one new species of kalitrematine paramphistomes are described. Microrchis macrovarium sp. n. from Pimelodella cristata (Müller et Troschel) (type host), Tetranematichthys quadrifilis (Kner) and Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes) in Brazil and Peru differs from all three congeners in that the testes are directly tandem, not oblique, and that the ovary, between the caecal ends, is widely separated from the testes. Pronamphistoma philippei sp. n. from Heros sp. in Brazil is distinguished from the type and only species, Pronamphistoma cichlasomae Thatcher, 1992, by the absence of the anterior collar-like expansion present in the type species, the presence of extramural rather than intramural pharyngeal sacs, and the unusual development of the dorsal and ventral exterior circular muscle fibre series in the acetabulum. Pseudocladorchis romani sp. n. from P. granulosus (type host), Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Valenciennes), Calophysus macropterus (Lichtenstein), Megalodoras uranoscopus (Eigenmann et Eigenmann) and Oxydoras niger (Valenciennes) in Brazil and Peru, is most similar to Pseudocladorchis nephrodorchis Daday, 1907 but differs in the shape of the testes (irregular, versus reniform in the latter species) and the size of the ovary (as large as, or larger than, the testes in the new species). The generic diagnosis of Pronamphistoma Thatcher, 1992 is amended. Dadaytremoides parauchenipteri Lunaschi, 1989 is transferred to Doradamphistoma Thatcher, 1979 as D. parauchenipteri (Lunaschi, 1989) comb. n. based on morphological and molecular evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pantoja
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropedica, RJ, Brazil.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jose Luis Luque
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, UFRRJ, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arlene Jones
- Creigiau Llwydion, Heol y Maes, Coelbren, Neath, UK
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Wang Y, Feng J, Tian X. Application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid detection of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Mol Cell Probes 2019; 47:101420. [PMID: 31295518 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Codfish is a commercially important species of sea fish and plays an important role in the world fishery. In our study, two loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays (real-time fluorescence LAMP and visual LAMP) were established for the identification of three cod species in Gadidae (Gadus morhua, Gadus macrocephalus and Melanogrammus aeglefinus). 12S rDNA gene was used to design primers to distinguish the Gadidae and non-Gadidae species, and the mitochondrial Cytb gene was selected for discrimination of three cod species. After optimization, the 12S rDNA system and species-specific systems performed well, and target cod DNA could be detected in single or mixed samples. In the species-specific systems, the absolute limit of detection (LODa) of three cod species were 285, 37 and 197 pg/μL, and the relative limit of detection (LODr) reached to 1%, 0.1% and 1%, respectively. In the 12S rDNA system, the LODa of three cod species were 28.5, 37 and 19.7 pg/μL, respectively, and the LODr reached to 0.1%. Through the detection of 13 commercial cod products, the LAMP systems can detect cod contents in raw materials and deep-processed products as well. It indicated that the methods developed in this study have strong practicability and can meet the needs of routine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Junli Feng
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Key Lab of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Xiaolan Tian
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
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Ali Q, Rashid I, Shabbir MZ, Akbar H, Shahzad K, Ashraf K, Sargison N, Chaudhry U. First genetic evidence for the presence of the rumen fluke Paramphistomum epiclitum in Pakistan. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:533-537. [PMID: 29758277 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
More than 70 species of the Superfamily Paramphistomoidea, have been identified in ruminants in different parts of the world. Most are pathogenic, causing amphistomosis. Adult flukes within this family have a predilection for the forestomach (rumen) or bile duct of the liver, where they may cause epithelial damage. Identification of adult Paramphistomum, Calicophoron, Gastrothylax and Fischoederius at the species level based on morphology requires specialised expertise, whereas molecular genetic marker analysis is more precise and transferable. In the present study, we performed molecular characterisation of twenty seven adult flukes collected from the forestomachs of buffalo, cattle and goats in the Punjab province of Pakistan. PCR and sequencing of the ITS-2 rDNA region revealed a single haplotype in all cases. Phylogenetic comparison of P. epiclitum ITS2-rDNA sequences with those from other Paramphistomum, Calicophoron, Gastrothylax and Fischoederius species was performed to assess within and between species variation and validate the use of ITS-2 rDNA as a robust species-specific marker for P. epiclitum identification. This work provides a validated species-specific marker of P. epiclitum and the first report of this parasite species from Pakistan. The results of this study also have implications for the diagnosis and control of rumen flukes in the region and the need for accurate species identification to understand parasite distribution and population genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Ali
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Akbar
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Shahzad
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Neil Sargison
- University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Umer Chaudhry
- University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK.
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Besprozvannykh VV, Rozhkovan KV, Ermolenko AV, Izrailskaya AV. Diplodiscus Mehrai Pande, 1937 and D. Japonicus (): Morphology of Developmental Stages and Molecular Data. Helminthologia 2018; 55:60-69. [PMID: 31662628 PMCID: PMC6799526 DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Specimens of the snails Anisus centrifugops were infected with two types of cercariae relating to the genus Diplodiscus, differing from each other by body and organ sizes were found in a pond in the territory of Vladivostok (Primorsky region, Russia). Further study of their morphology and life cycles allowed us to establish that these flukes belong to Diplodiscus japonicus (Yamaguti, 1936) and D. mehrai Pande, 1937. Morphological and molecular data confirmed the validity of D. japonicus which had previously been synonymized with D. amphichrus Tubangui, 1933 and D. mehrai Pande, 1937.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Besprozvannykh
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - K. V. Rozhkovan
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - A. V. Ermolenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - A. V. Izrailskaya
- Department of Biodiversity and marine bioresoures, Far Eastern Federal University, 690051, Vladivostok, Russia
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19
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Characterization of the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences of Eurytrema pancreaticum. J Helminthol 2017; 92:484-490. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEurytrema pancreaticum is one of the most common trematodes of cattle and sheep, and also infects humans occasionally, causing great economic losses and medical costs. In this study, the sequences of the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat units of five E. pancreaticum individuals were determined for the first time. They were 8306–8310 bp in length, including the small subunit (18S) rDNA, internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), large subunit (28S) rDNA and intergenic spacer (IGS). There were no length variations in any of the investigated 18S (1996 bp), ITS1 (1103 bp), 5.8S (160 bp), ITS2 (231 bp) or 28S (3669 bp) rDNA sequences, whereas the IGS rDNA sequences of E. pancreaticum had a 4-bp length variation, ranging from 1147 to 1151 bp. The intraspecific variations within E. pancreaticum were 0–0.2% for 18S rDNA, 0–0.5% for ITS1, 0% for 5.8S rDNA and ITS2, 0–0.2% for 28S rDNA and 2.9–20.2% for IGS. There were nine types of repeat sequences in ITS1, two types in 28S rDNA, but none in IGS. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rDNA sequences classified E. pancreaticum in the family Dicrocoeliidae of Plagiorchiata, closely related to the suborder Opisthorchiata. These results provide useful information for the further study of Dicrocoeliidae trematodes.
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Abstract
Paramphistomoids are ubiquitous and widespread digeneans that infect a diverse range of
definitive hosts, being particularly speciose in ruminants. We collected adult worms from
cattle, goats and sheep from slaughterhouses, and cercariae from freshwater snails from
ten localities in Central and West Kenya. We sequenced cox1 (690 bp) and
internal transcribed region 2 (ITS2) (385 bp) genes from a small piece of 79 different
adult worms and stained and mounted the remaining worm bodies for comparisons with
available descriptions. We also sequenced cox1 and ITS2 from 41
cercariae/rediae samples collected from four different genera of planorbid snails.
Combining morphological observations, host use information, genetic distance values and
phylogenetic methods, we delineated 16 distinct clades of paramphistomoids. For four of
the 16 clades, sequences from adult worms and cercariae/rediae matched, providing an
independent assessment for their life cycles. Much work is yet to be done to resolve fully
the relationships among paramphistomoids, but some correspondence between sequence- and
anatomically based classifications were noted. Paramphistomoids of domestic ruminants
provide one of the most abundant sources of parasitic flatworm biomass, and because of the
predilection of several species use Bulinus and
Biomphalaria snail hosts, have interesting linkages with the biology of
animal and human schistosomes to in Africa.
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Sharma S, Lyngdoh D, Roy B, Tandon V. Differential diagnosis and molecular characterization of Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae) based on nuclear rDNA ITS2 gene marker. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4293-4298. [PMID: 27473838 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Given the widespread distribution and medical implication of members of the genus Hymenolepis, specific identification of the aetiological agent becomes imperative. For precise diagnosis of the species, molecular techniques such as PCR and RFLP of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (rDNA-ITS2) gene marker were carried out. The results showed distinct restriction patterns for both Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta when digested with either of the enzymes RsaI, HaeIII or HhaI. The annotated rDNA-ITS2 sequences from the two species revealed differences in the length; the folded secondary structure also depicted clear demarcation between the two species with variations in length of the helices, pyrimidine-pyrimidine mismatches and sites where motifs occur. In phylogenetic analysis of the evolutionary relationship between the two species as well as with other members of the family Hymenolepididae, the species causing human hymenolepiasis were found to be distantly related as they diverged independently from the ancestral lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Sharma
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Damanbha Lyngdoh
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Bishnupada Roy
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Veena Tandon
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India. .,Biotech Park, Lucknow, 226021, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Sharma S, Lyngdoh D, Roy B, Tandon V. Molecular phylogeny of Cyclophyllidea (Cestoda: Eucestoda): an in-silico analysis based on mtCOI gene. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3329-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Orthocoelium streptocoelium (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) for comparison with other digeneans. J Helminthol 2016; 91:255-261. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x16000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOrthocoelium streptocoelium is a common paramphistome species parasitizing the rumen and/or reticulum of small ruminants, leading to significant losses. This study first determined the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of O. streptocoelium. The complete mt genome of O. streptocoelium was amplified, sequenced, assembled, analysed and then compared with those of other digeneans. The entire mt genome of O. streptocoelium is 13,800 bp in length, which is smaller than those of other digeneans except for Opisthorchis viverrini. This mt genome contains 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and two non-coding regions. The arrangement of the O. streptocoelium mt genome is the same as those of other digeneans except for Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma spindale. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated amino acid sequences of the 12 protein-coding genes representing 16 digeneans were conducted to assess the relationship of O. streptocoelium with other digeneans. The result indicated that O. streptocoelium is closely related to Paramphistomum cervi and Fischoederius elongates, which is in accordance with their relationships by taxonomy. This complete mt genome of O. streptocoelium enriched the mitochondrial genome data of paramphistomes and provided important molecular markers for diagnostics and studies of population variation, epidemiology, ecology and evolution of O. streptocoelium and other digeneans.
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Ye J, Feng J, Liu S, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Dai Z. Identification of four squid species by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:22-9. [PMID: 26772407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Squids are distributed worldwide, including many species of commercial importance, and they are often made into varieties of flavor foods. The rapid identification methods for squid species especially their processed products, however, have not been well developed. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) systems based on specific primers and TaqMan probes have been established for rapid and accurate identification of four common squid species (Ommastrephes bartramii, Dosidicus gigas, Illex argentinus, Todarodes pacificus) in Chinese domestic market. After analyzing mitochondrial genes reported in GenBank, the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene was selected for O. bartramii detection, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for D. gigas and T. Pacificus detection, ATPase subunit 6 (ATPase 6) gene for I. Argentinus detection, and 12S ribosomal RNA (12S rDNA) gene for designing Ommastrephidae-specific primers and probe. As a result, all the TaqMan systems are of good performance, and efficiency of each reaction was calculated by making standard curves. This method could detect target species either in single or mixed squid specimen, and it was applied to identify 12 squid processed products successfully. Thus, it would play an important role in fulfilling labeling regulations and squid fishery control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ye
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, PR China
| | - Junli Feng
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, PR China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, PR China
| | - Xiaona Jiang
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Dai
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, PR China.
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Wang L, Feng H, Tan L, Lei W, Zhao P, Hu M, Fang R. Analysis of the complete Fischoederius elongatus (Paramphistomidae, Trematoda) mitochondrial genome. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:279. [PMID: 25986221 PMCID: PMC4438340 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fischoederius elongates is an important trematode of Paramphistomes in ruminants. Animals infected with F. elongates often don’t show obvious symptoms, so it is easy to be ignored. However it can cause severe economic losses to the breeding industry. Knowledge of the mitochondrial genome of F. elongates can be used for phylogenetic and epidemiological studies. Findings The complete mt genome sequence of F. elongates is 14,120 bp in length and contains 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and two non-coding regions (LNR and SNR). The gene arrangement of F. elongates is the same as other trematodes, such as Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum cervi. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of the 12 protein-coding genes by Maximum-likelihood and Neighbor-joining analysis method showed that F. elongates was closely related to P. cervi. Conclusion The complete mt genome sequence of F. elongates should provide information for phylogenetic and epidemiological studies for F. elongates and the family Paramphistomidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixia Wang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanli Feng
- Hubei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiqiang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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