1
|
Shi W, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Li X. Exendin-4 Caused Growth Arrest by Regulating Sugar Metabolism in Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Larvae. INSECTS 2024; 15:503. [PMID: 39057236 PMCID: PMC11276936 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Insects' growth and development are highly dependent on energy supply, with sugar metabolism playing a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating physiological processes. The present study investigated the effects of exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, on the growth, development, glycolysis, and energy metabolism of fourth-instar larvae of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea. We determined the impact of exendin-4 on larval growth and nutritional indices, analyzed the responses of glycolytic and metabolic pathways, and revealed the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Exendin-4 treatment significantly decreased growth and nutritional indices, influenced the activity of digestive enzymes, and induced changes in metabolite profiles, particularly affecting energy substance metabolism. We observed an increase in the glycogen content and a decrease in glucose and trehalose levels in the hemolymph, suggesting a regulatory effect on blood sugar homeostasis. Furthermore, exendin-4 promoted glycolysis by enhancing the activities and expressions of key glycolytic enzymes, leading to an increase in pyruvate production. This was accompanied by a reduction in ATP levels and the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which may underlie the growth arrest in larvae. Our findings provide novel insights into the effects of exendin-4 on insect responses from an energy metabolism perspective and may contribute to the development of GLP-1R agonists for pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Shi
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Yuecheng Zhao
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xingpeng Li
- College of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tellis MB, Mohite SD, Nair VS, Chaudhari BY, Ahmed S, Kotkar HM, Joshi RS. Inhibition of Trehalose Synthesis in Lepidoptera Reduces Larval Fitness. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300404. [PMID: 37968550 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is synthesized in insects through the trehalose 6-phosphate synthase and phosphatase (TPS/TPP) pathway. TPP dephosphorylates trehalose 6-phosphate to release trehalose. Trehalose is involved in metamorphosis, but its relation with body weight, size, and developmental timing is unexplored. The expression and activity of TPS/TPP fluctuate depending on trehalose demand. Thus, TPS/TPP inhibition can highlight the significance of trehalose in insect physiology. TPS/TPP transcript levels are elevated in the pre-pupal and pupal stages in Helicoverpa armigera. The inhibition of recombinantly expressed TPP by N-(phenylthio)phthalimide (NPP), is validated by in vitro assays. In vivo inhibition of trehalose synthesis reduces larval weight and size, hampers metamorphosis, and reduces its overall fitness. Insufficient trehalose leads to a shift in glucose flux, reduced energy, and dysregulated fatty acid oxidation. Metabolomics reaffirms the depletion of trehalose, glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, and suppressed tricarboxylic acid cycle. Reduced trehalose hampers the energy level affecting larval vitality. Through trehalose synthesis inhibition, the importance of trehalose in insect physiology and development is investigated. Also, in two other lepidopterans, TPP inhibition impedes physiology and survival. NPP is also found to be effective as an insecticidal formulation. Overall, trehalose levels affect the larval size, weight, and metabolic homeostasis for larval-pupal transition in lepidoptera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi B Tellis
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Sharada D Mohite
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Vineetkumar S Nair
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Bhagyashri Y Chaudhari
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Shadab Ahmed
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Hemlata M Kotkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Rakesh S Joshi
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Qi L, Chen B, Li H, Hu L, Wang Q, Wang S, Xi J. Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase Contributes to Rapid Cold Hardening in the Invasive Insect Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by Regulating Trehalose Metabolism. INSECTS 2023; 14:903. [PMID: 38132577 PMCID: PMC10744047 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid cold hardening (RCH) is known to rapidly enhance the cold tolerance of insects. Trehalose has been demonstrated to be a cryoprotectant in Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, an important invasive pest of rice in China. Trehalose synthesis mainly occurs through the Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS)/trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) pathway in insects. In this study, the TPS gene from L. oryzophilus (LoTPS) was cloned and characterized for the first time. Its expression and trehalose content changes elicited by RCH were investigated. Our results revealed that RCH not only increased the survival rate of adults but also upregulated the expression level of LoTPS and increased the trehalose content under low temperature. We hypothesized that upregulated LoTPS promoted trehalose synthesis and accumulation to protect adults from low-temperature damage. To further verify the function of the LoTPS gene, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) technology. Our findings showed that RCH efficiency disappeared and the survival rate did not increase when the adults were fed dsRNA of LoTPS. Additionally, inhibiting LoTPS expression resulted in no significant difference in trehalose content between the RCH and non-RCH treatments. Furthermore, the expression patterns of trehalose transporter (TRET) and trehalase (TRE) were also affected. Collectively, these results indicate the critical role of LoTPS in L. oryzophilus cold resistance after RCH induction. LoTPS can enhance survival ability by regulating trehalose metabolism. These findings contribute to further understanding the role of TPS in insect cold resistance and the invasiveness of L. oryzophilus. Moreover, RNAi of LoTPS opens up possibilities for novel control strategies against L. oryzophilus in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhong Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Lizhong Qi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;
| | - Hongye Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Lianglin Hu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Qingtai Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Fan H, Li Y, Zhang TF, Liu YH. Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases are involved in trehalose synthesis and metamorphosis in Bactrocera minax. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1643-1658. [PMID: 35075784 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is the principal sugar circulating in the hemolymph of insects, and trehalose synthesis is catalyzed by trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP). Insect TPS is a fused enzyme containing both TPS domain and TPP domain. Thus, many insects do not possess TPP genes as TPSs have replaced the function of TPPs. However, TPPs are widely distributed across the dipteran insects, while the roles they play remain largely unknown. In this study, 3 TPP genes from notorious dipteran pest Bactrocera minax (BmiTPPB, BmiTPPC1, and BmiTPPC2) were identified and characterized. The different temporal-spatial expression patterns of 3 BmiTPPs implied that they exert different functions in B. minax. Recombinant BmiTPPs were heterologously expressed in yeast cells, and all purified proteins exhibited enzymatic activities, despite the remarkable disparity in performance between BmiTPPB and BmiTPPCs. RNA interference revealed that all BmiTPPs were successfully downregulated after double-stranded RNA injection, leading to decreased trehalose content and increased glucose content. Also, suppression of BmiTPPs significantly affected expression of downstream genes and increased the mortality and malformation rate. Collectively, these results indicated that all 3 BmiTPPs in B. minax are involved in trehalose synthesis and metamorphosis. Thus, these genes could be evaluated as insecticidal targets for managing B. minax, and even for other dipteran pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Fang Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Hong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen X, Zhang X, Ye A, Wu X, Cao J, Zhou W. Toxic effects of triphenyltin on the silkworm Bombyx mori as a lepidopterous insect model. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114245. [PMID: 36327780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPT) is a widely used reagent in various industries and agriculture, but is also known to accumulate in natural ecosystems and animal tissues. Hence, the aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the toxicity of TPT in the silkworm Bombyx mori as a model insect. The results showed that TPT exposure for the entire 5th instar larval stage significantly reduced the weight of silkworm pupa and inhibited development of the silkworm midgut. Following exposure to 2 μg/kg of TPT for 4 days, differentially expressed genes in midgut were associated with enriched pathways involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids, as determined by RNA sequencing. Furthermore, the metabolic profiles of the intestinal content of silkworms exposed to 2 μg/kg of TPT for 4 days were markedly altered and differential metabolites produced by metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids were enriched as determined by non-targeted GC-MS/MS metabolomics. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of TPT and emphasizes the risks posed by such pollutants released into the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Aihong Ye
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xuehui Wu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jinru Cao
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wenlin Zhou
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Q, Fang K, Qi L, Wang X, Pan Y, Li Y, Xi J, Zhang J. Purification and Functional Characterization of a Soluble Trehalase in Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13100867. [PMID: 36292815 PMCID: PMC9604388 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Trehalase is the only enzyme known for the irreversible splitting of trehalose and plays a major role in insect growth and development. In this report, we describe a basic study of the trehalase gene fragment encoding a soluble trehalase from Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (LoTRE1). Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis suggested that LoTRE1 was similar to some known insect trehalases and belongs to the Coleoptera trehalase group. Additionally, LoTRE1 was expressed mainly in the fat body. Purified protein was obtained using heterologous expression of LoTRE1 in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein exhibited the ability to decompose trehalose. Enzyme-substrate docking indicated the potential involvement of other residues in the catalytic activity, in addition to Asp 333. Moreover, feeding of adults on LoTRE1 dsRNA silenced the transcription of LoTRE1 and thereby reduced the activity of trehalase and increased the trehalose content; it also led to a 12% death rate. This study reveals essential molecular features of trehalase and offers insights into the structural aspects of this enzyme, which might be related to its function. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that LoTRE1 is indispensable for adults of this pest and provide a new target for the control of L. oryzophilus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingtai Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kui Fang
- Technical Center of Kunming Customs, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Lizhong Qi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yu Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yunshuo Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Juhong Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou M, Shen Q, Wang S, Li G, Wu Y, Xu C, Tang B, Li C. Regulatory function of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene TPS3 on chitin metabolism in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:241-250. [PMID: 34923699 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the important pests that damage rice. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is a key enzyme responsible for catalysing the biosynthesis of trehalose, which is the energy substance of insects. In this study, combined with the reported N. lugens TPS1, TPS2 and newly discovered TPS3, we studied the regulation of TPS in chitin metabolism by RNA interference. Firstly, we found that the relative expression levels of TRE1-1, TRE1-2 and TRE2 increased significantly after 48 h of dsTPS3 injection, and the activity of TRE1 enhanced significantly. Secondly, abnormal and lethal phenotypes were observed after dsTPS3 and dsTPSs injection. The relative expression levels of PGM2, G6PI2, Cht1-4, Cht6-10 and IDGF decreased significantly after 48 h of dsTPS3 injection. At 72 h after injection of dsTPS3, the relative expression levels of CHS1, Cht2, Cht4, Cht7 and Cht8 reduced significantly, but the expression levels of G6PI1, Cht5 and ENGase increased significantly. The relative expression levels of GFAT, UAP, PGM2, G6PI2, CHS1, CHS1a, CHS1b, Cht2, Cht4, Cht8, Cht9 and Cht10 decreased significantly after 48 h of dsTPSs injection. However, at 72 h after the injection of dsTPSs, the expression levels of GNPNA, UAP, PGM1, G6PI1, HK, CHS1, CHS1a, CHS1b, Cht3, Cht5, Cht7 and ENGase increased significantly. Finally, the chitin content decreased in dsTPS1, dsTPS2 and dsTPSs treatments. In conclusion, the inhibition of TPS expression affected the metabolism of trehalose and chitin in N. lugens. The related research results provide a theoretical basis for pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qida Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyong Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Caidi Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang Q, Ma Q, Li F, Zhu-Salzman K, Cheng W. Metabolomics Reveals Changes in Metabolite Profiles among Pre-Diapause, Diapause and Post-Diapause Larvae of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040339. [PMID: 35447781 PMCID: PMC9032936 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Diapause is a programmed developmental arrest coupled with an evident reduction in metabolic rate and a dramatic increase in stress tolerance. Sitodiplosis mosellana, a periodic but devastating wheat pest, spends the hot summer and cold winter as diapausing larvae. However, little is known about the metabolic changes underlying this obligatory diapause. The objective of this study was to identify significantly altered metabolites and pathways in diapausing S. mosellana at stages of pre-diapause, diapause, post-diapause quiescence and post-diapause development using gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Pairwise comparisons of the four groups showed that 54 metabolites significantly changed. Of which, 37 decreased in response to diapause, including four TCA cycle intermediates and most amino acids, whereas 12 increased. Three metabolites were significantly higher in the cold quiescence stage than in other stages. The elevated metabolites included the well-known cryoprotectants trehalose, glycerol, proline and alanine. In conclusion, the low metabolic rate and cold tolerance S. mosellana displayed during diapause may be closely correlated with its reduced TCA cycle activity or/and the increased biosynthesis of cryoprotectants. The results have contributed to our understanding of the biochemical mechanism underlying diapause and the related stress tolerance in this key pest. Abstract Sitodiplosis mosellana, a notorious pest of wheat worldwide, copes with temperature extremes during harsh summers and winters by entering obligatory diapause as larvae. However, the metabolic adaptive mechanism underlying this process is largely unknown. In this study, we performed a comparative metabolomics analysis on S. mosellana larvae at four programmed developmental stages, i.e., pre-diapause, diapause, low temperature quiescence and post-diapause development. In total, we identified 54 differential metabolites based on pairwise comparisons of the four groups. Of these metabolites, 37 decreased in response to diapause, including 4 TCA cycle intermediates (malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid), 2 saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid) and most amino acids. In contrast, nine metabolites, including trehalose, glycerol, mannitol, proline, alanine, oleic acid and linoleic acid were significantly higher in both the diapause and quiescent stages than the other two stages. In addition to two of them (trehalose, proline), glutamine was also significantly highest in the cold quiescence stage. These elevated metabolites could function as cryoprotectants and/or energy reserves. These findings suggest that the reduced TCA cycle activity and elevated biosynthesis of functional metabolites are most likely responsible for maintaining low metabolic activity and cold tolerance during diapause, which is crucial for the survival and post-diapause development of this pest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Fangxiang Li
- Xi’an Agricultural Technology Extension Centre, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: (K.Z.-S.); (W.C.)
| | - Weining Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.); (Q.M.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.-S.); (W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Purification and Characterization of Trehalase From Acyrthosiphon pisum, a Target for Pest Control. Protein J 2021; 41:189-200. [PMID: 34845557 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-10032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Insect trehalases are glycoside hydrolases essential for trehalose metabolism and stress resistance. We here report the extraction and purification of Acyrthosiphon pisum soluble trehalase (ApTreh-1), its biochemical and structural characterization, as well as the determination of its kinetic properties. The protein has been purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, first followed by an anion-exchange and then by an affinity chromatography. The SDS-PAGE shows a main band at 70 kDa containing two isoforms of ApTreh-1 (X1 and X2), identified by mass spectrometry and slightly contrasting in the C-terminal region. A phylogenetic tree, a multiple sequence alignment, as well as a modelled 3D-structure were constructed and they all reveal the ApTreh-1 similarity to other insect trehalases, i.e. the two signature motifs 179PGGRFRELYYWDTY192 and 479QWDFPNAWPP489, a glycine-rich region 549GGGGEY554, and the catalytic residues Asp336 and Glu538. The optimum enzyme activity occurs at 45 °C and pH 5.0, with Km and Vmax values of ~ 71 mM and ~ 126 µmol/min/mg, respectively. The present structural and functional characterization of soluble A. pisum trehalase enters the development of new strategies to control the aphids pest without significant risk for non-target organisms and human health.
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang Q, Zhang G, Nan J, Cheng W, Zhu-Salzman K. Characterization of trehalose metabolic genes and corresponding enzymatic activities during diapause of Sitodiplosis mosellana. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 135:104324. [PMID: 34744003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose plays crucial roles in energy metabolism and stress tolerance in various organisms. The orange wheat blossom midge Sitodiplosis mosellana, a serious pest of wheat worldwide, undergoes long obligatory diapause as a larva to survive harsh temperature extremes in summer and winter. To gain an insight into trehalose function and metabolic mechanism in this process, we measured the content of trehalose and glucose, as well as enzymatic activities of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS), trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) and soluble trehalase (Treh1) at pre-diapause, diapause and post-diapause larvae of S. mosellana. Trehalose levels greatly increased upon entry into diapause, peaked in low-temperature quiescence phase, and significantly dropped after resumption of development, highly consistent with activity changes of trehalose-synthetic enzymes SmTPS and SmTPP. In marked contrast, the activity of trehalose-degrading SmTreh1 exhibited a completely reversed profile. This profile was in agreement with contents of its product i.e. glucose. Furthermore, deduced amino acid sequences of cloned SmTPS, SmTPPB, SmTPPC, SmTreh1-1 and SmTreh1-2 genes contained all conserved functional domains, motifs and active sites. Expression patterns of these genes were closely correlated with their enzyme activities. These results suggested that coordination of trehalose synthetic and degradation pathways is responsible for diapause-related trehalose accumulation, which may serve as an energy reserve for post-diapause development and a cryoprotectant against cold stress in winter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianglei Nan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weining Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li YN, Ren XB, Liu ZC, Ye B, Zhao ZJ, Fan Q, Liu YB, Zhang JN, Li WL. Insulin-Like Peptide and FoxO Mediate the Trehalose Catabolism Enhancement during the Diapause Termination Period in the Chinese Oak Silkworm ( Antheraea pernyi). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12090784. [PMID: 34564224 PMCID: PMC8472214 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In insects, the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling (IIS) pathway regulates the carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms, and plays important roles in diapause regulation. Trehalose accumulates in many diapausing insects, as it is a major carbohydrate reserve and a stress protectant. Because of metabolism depression, the trehalose concentration is maintained at relatively high levels over the diapause phase. In the present study, bovine insulin injection triggered diapause termination and synchronous eclosion in Antheraea pernyi pupae. Moreover, treatment with bovine insulin elevated the trehalose catabolism in diapausing pupae. As a homologue of vertebrate insulin, insulin-like peptide (ApILP) enhances the trehalose catabolism during the diapause termination process. The transcription factor forkhead box O (ApFoxO)—the downstream target of the IIS pathway—exhibited a contrasting effect on the trehalose catabolism to that of ApILP. These results suggest that ApILP and ApFoxO are involved in the regulation of trehalose catabolism during diapause termination in A. pernyi pupae. Abstract In insects, trehalose accumulation is associated with the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling (IIS) pathway. However, whether insulin-like peptide is involved in the regulation of the trehalose metabolism during diapause termination remains largely unknown. This study assessed whether insulin-like peptide (ApILP) enhances the trehalose catabolism in the pupae of Antheraeapernyi during their diapause termination process. Injection of 10 μg of bovine insulin triggered diapause termination and synchronous adult eclosion in diapausing pupae. Moreover, treatment with bovine insulin increased the expression of trehalase 1A (ApTre-1A) and trehalase 2 (ApTre-2), as well as the activity of soluble and membrane-bound trehalase, resulting in a decline in trehalose levels in the haemolymph. Silencing ApILP via RNA interference significantly suppressed the expression of ApTre-1A and ApTre-2, thus leading to an increase in the trehalose concentration during diapause termination. However, neither injection with bovine insulin nor ApILP knockdown directly affected trehalase 1B (ApTre-1B) expression. Moreover, overexpression of the transcription factor forkhead box O (ApFoxO) induced an increase in trehalose levels during diapause termination; however, depletion of ApFoxO accelerated the breakdown of trehalose in diapausing pupae by increasing the expression of ApTre-1A and ApTre-2. The results of this study help to understand the contributions of ApILP and ApFoxO to the trehalose metabolism during diapause termination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Na Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Xiao-Bing Ren
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124211, China; (X.-B.R.); (Z.-C.L.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-N.Z.)
| | - Zhi-Chao Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124211, China; (X.-B.R.); (Z.-C.L.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-N.Z.)
| | - Bo Ye
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (B.Y.); (Z.-J.Z.); (Q.F.)
| | - Zhen-Jun Zhao
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (B.Y.); (Z.-J.Z.); (Q.F.)
| | - Qi Fan
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (B.Y.); (Z.-J.Z.); (Q.F.)
| | - Yu-Bo Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124211, China; (X.-B.R.); (Z.-C.L.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-N.Z.)
| | - Jia-Ning Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124211, China; (X.-B.R.); (Z.-C.L.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-N.Z.)
| | - Wen-Li Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124211, China; (X.-B.R.); (Z.-C.L.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-N.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lü X, Han SC, Li ZG, Li LY, Li J. Gene Characterization and Enzymatic Activities Related to Trehalose Metabolism of In Vitro Reared Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) under Sustained Cold Stress. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110767. [PMID: 33171708 PMCID: PMC7694998 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide that presents in a wide variety of organisms, where it serves as an energy source or stress protectant. Trehalose is the most characteristic sugar of insect hemolymph and plays a crucial role in the regulation of insect growth and development. Trichogramma species are economically important egg parasitoids, which are being mass-produced for biological control programs worldwide. Many Trichogramma species could be mass reared on artificial mediums (not insect eggs), in which components contain insect hemolymph and trehalose. These in vitro-reared parasitoid wasps were strongly affected by cold storage, but prepupae could be successfully stored at 13 °C for up to 4 weeks. The aims of the present study were to determine the role of trehalose and the relationship between trehalose and egg parasitoid stress resistance. Our study revealed that (1) trehalose regulated the growth under sustained cold stress; (2) prepupal stage is a critical developmental period and 13 °C is the cold tolerance threshold temperature; (3) in vitro reared Trichogramma dendrolimi could be reared at temperatures of 16 °C, 20 °C, and 23 °C to reduce rearing costs. This finding identifies a low cost, prolonged development rearing method for T. dendrolimi, which will facilitate improved mass rearing methods for biocontrol. Abstract Trichogramma spp. is an important egg parasitoid wasp for biocontrol of agriculture and forestry insect pests. Trehalose serves as an energy source or stress protectant for insects. To study the potential role of trehalose in cold resistance on an egg parasitoid, cDNA for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and soluble trehalase (TRE) from Trichogramma dendrolimi were cloned and characterized. Gene expressions and enzyme activities of TdTPS and TdTRE were determined in larvae, prepupae, pupae, and adults at sustained low temperatures, 13 °C and 16 °C. TdTPS and TdTRE expressions had similar patterns with higher levels in prepupae at 13 °C and 16 °C. TdTPS enzyme activities increased with a decrease of temperature, and TdTRE activity in prepupae decreased sharply at these two low temperatures. In vitro reared T. dendrolimi could complete entire development above 13 °C, and the development period was prolonged without cold injury. Results indicated trehalose might regulate growth and the metabolic process of cold tolerance. Moreover, 13 °C is the cold tolerance threshold temperature and the prepupal stage is a critical developmental period for in vitro reared T. dendrolimi. These findings identify a low cost, prolonged development rearing method, and the cold tolerance for T. dendrolimi, which will facilitate improved mass rearing methods for biocontrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lü
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (J.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Jun Li
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu L, Chen X, Wei Y, Ding Y, Wang Q, Wang S, Tang B, Wang S. Effects of long-term cadmium exposure on trehalose metabolism, growth, and development of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111034. [PMID: 32758695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is the major blood sugar in insects; it not only serves as an energy source but also plays important roles in physiological responses to adverse conditions. However, only a few studies have explored the effects of heavy metal exposure stress on trehalose metabolism in insects. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of cadmium stress on changes in trehalose metabolism in Aedes albopictus. Three concentrations of cadmium (0.005, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/L) were selected for evaluation of long-term stress in Ae. albopictus (from eggs to adults); Ae. albopictus in double-distilled water was used as the control group. The trehalose and glucose contents, trehalase activity, and trehalose metabolism-related gene expression were determined. The effects of long-term cadmium exposure on growth, development, and reproduction were also assessed. Trehalose contents were increased, whereas glucose contents and trehalase activity were decreased in Ae. albopictus following long-term exposure to low concentrations of cadmium compared with those in untreated individuals. Moreover, the expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase was upregulated, and that of trehalase was downregulated, indicating that Ae. albopictus may enhance trehalose synthesis to resist cadmium stress. Cadmium exposure also caused Ae. albopictus individuals to become smaller with a longer developmental duration, whereas both reproduction and hatching rates of the offspring were decreased compared with those in the control group. Our findings demonstrated that cadmium exposure affected the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of Ae. albopictus. These findings also confirmed the role of trehalose in the response of Ae. albopictus to cadmium stress, providing insights into the effects of heavy metal stress on trehalose metabolism in an insect model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Yu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xumin Chen
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjuan Ding
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shigui Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li YN, Liu YB, Xie XQ, Zhang JN, Li WL. The Modulation of Trehalose Metabolism by 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) During its Diapause Termination and Post-Termination Period. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5924361. [PMID: 33057682 PMCID: PMC7583272 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose plays a crucial role in the diapause process of many insects, serving as an energy source and a stress protectant. Trehalose accumulation has been reported in diapause pupae of Antheraea pernyi; however, trehalose metabolic regulatory mechanisms associated with diapause termination remain unclear. Here, we showed that the enhanced trehalose catabolism was associated with an increase in endogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in hemolymph of A. pernyi pupae during their diapause termination and posttermination period. Injection of 20E increased the mRNA level of trehalase 1A (ApTre-1A) and trehalase 2 (ApTre-2) of A. pernyi diapause pupae in a dose-dependent manner but did not affect the mRNA level of trehalase 1B (ApTre-1B). Meanwhile, exogenous 20E increased the enzyme activities of soluble and membrane-bound trehalase, leading to a decline in hemolymph trehalose. Conversely, the expression of ApTre-1A and ApTre-2 were down-regulated after the ecdysone receptor gene (ApEcRB1) was silenced by RNA interference or by injection of an ecdysone receptor antagonist cucurbitacin B (CucB), which inhibits the 20E pathway. Moreover, CucB treatment delayed adult emergence, which suggests that ApEcRB1 might be involved in regulating pupal-adult development of A. pernyi by mediating ApTre-1A and ApTre-2 expressions. This study provides an overview of the changes in the expression and activity of different trehalase enzymes in A. pernyi in response to 20E, confirming the important role of 20E in controlling trehalose catabolism during A. pernyi diapause termination and posttermination period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Na Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Bo Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xue-Qin Xie
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Jia-Ning Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Wen-Li Li
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen J, Lyu Z, Wang C, Cheng J, Lin T. RNA interference of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene reveals its roles in the biosynthesis of chitin and lipids in Heortia vitessoides (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:212-223. [PMID: 30397994 PMCID: PMC7379938 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS), an enzyme that hydrolyzes two glucose molecules to yield trehalose, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. In this study, we cloned the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (HvTPS) and investigated its expression patterns in various tissues and developmental stages in Heortia vitessoides Moore (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). HvTPS was highly expressed in the fat body and after pupation or before molting. We knocked down TPS in H. vitessoides by RNA interference and found that 3.0 μg of dsHvTPS resulted in optimal interference at 24 h and 36 h post-injection and caused a sharp decline in the survival rate during the 5th instar larval-pupal stage and obviously abnormal or lethal phenotypes. Additionally, compared to the controls, TPS activity and trehalose contents were significantly lower and the glucose content was significantly higher 24 h or 36 h after injection with 3.0 μg of dsHvTPS. Furthermore, the silencing of HvTPS suppressed the expression of six key genes in the chitin biosynthesis pathway and one key gene related to lipid catabolism. The expression levels of two genes associated with lipid biosynthesis were upregulated. These results strongly suggest that HvTPS is essential for the normal growth and development of H. vitessoides and provide a reference for further studies of the utility of key genes involved in chitin and lipid biosynthesis for controlling insect development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Xiang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zi‐Hao Lyu
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chun‐Yan Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Cheng
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tong Lin
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang H, Ning S, Sun X, Chen C, Liu L, Feng J. Identification and Characterization of Two Sensory Neuron Membrane Proteins From Onion Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:418-426. [PMID: 31612209 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) in insects are critical peripheral olfactory proteins and act as markers for pheromone detection. However, the SNMPs for onion maggot, Delia antiqua Meigen, a world-wide subterranean pest, have not been previously characterized. In this study, we first report the cloning and characterization of two novel SNMPs from D. antiqua, DantSNMP1 and DantSNMP2. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that DantSNMP1 and DantSNMP2 are very similar to the previously reported SNMP1 and SNMP2 isolated from other dipteran insects but they share low identity with each other. Further expression profile experiments showed that DantSNMP1 is antenna-specific, while DantSNMP2 is expressed both in antennae and nonantennal tissues. Immunocytochemical localization experiments showed that DantSNMP1 was expressed only in sensilla trichodae, which suggests that this protein is involved in pheromone reception in insect olfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shuoying Ning
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jinian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
High-level expression of highly active and thermostable trehalase from Myceliophthora thermophila in Aspergillus niger by using the CRISPR/Cas9 tool and its application in ethanol fermentation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 47:133-144. [PMID: 31786675 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Trehalase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the non-reducing disaccharide trehalose. The highly active trehalase MthT from Myceliophthora thermophila was screened from the trehalase genes of six species of filamentous fungi. An ingenious multi-copy knock-in expression strategy mediated by the CRISPR/Cas9 tool and medium optimization were used to improve MthT production in Aspergillus niger, up to 1698.83 U/mL. The protein background was dramatically abated due to insertion. The recombinant MthT showed optimal activity at pH 5.5 and 60 °C, and exhibited prominent thermal stability between 50 and 60 °C under acid conditions (pH 4.5-6.5). The ethanol conversion rate (ethanol yield/total glucose) was significantly improved by addition of MthT (51.88%) compared with MthT absence (34.38%), using 30% starch saccharification liquid. The results of this study provided an effective strategy, established a convenient platform for heterologous expression in A. niger and showed a potential strategy to decrease production costs in industrial ethanol production.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tang B, Wang S, Wang SG, Wang HJ, Zhang JY, Cui SY. Invertebrate Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase Gene: Genetic Architecture, Biochemistry, Physiological Function, and Potential Applications. Front Physiol 2018; 9:30. [PMID: 29445344 PMCID: PMC5797772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-reducing disaccharide trehalose is widely distributed among various organisms. It plays a crucial role as an instant source of energy, being the major blood sugar in insects. In addition, it helps countering abiotic stresses. Trehalose synthesis in insects and other invertebrates is thought to occur via the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) pathways. In many insects, the TPP gene has not been identified, whereas multiple TPS genes that encode proteins harboring TPS/OtsA and TPP/OtsB conserved domains have been found and cloned in the same species. The function of the TPS gene in insects and other invertebrates has not been reviewed in depth, and the available information is quite fragmented. The present review discusses the current understanding of the trehalose synthesis pathway, TPS genetic architecture, biochemistry, physiological function, and potential sensitivity to insecticides. We note the variability in the number of TPS genes in different invertebrate species, consider whether trehalose synthesis may rely only on the TPS gene, and discuss the results of in vitro TPS overexpression experiment. Tissue expression profile and developmental characteristics of the TPS gene indicate that it is important in energy production, growth and development, metamorphosis, stress recovery, chitin synthesis, insect flight, and other biological processes. We highlight the molecular and biochemical properties of insect TPS that make it a suitable target of potential pest control inhibitors. The application of trehalose synthesis inhibitors is a promising direction in insect pest control because vertebrates do not synthesize trehalose; therefore, TPS inhibitors would be relatively safe for humans and higher animals, making them ideal insecticidal agents without off-target effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Su Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Gui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yong Zhang
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Shuai-Ying Cui
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jin T, Gao Y, He K, Ge F. Expression Profiles of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase Gene Associated With Thermal Stress in Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 18:7. [PMCID: PMC5786230 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is the major blood sugar in insects. Physiological significance of this compound has been extensively reported. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is an important enzyme in the trehalose biosynthesis pathway. Full-length cDNAs of TPS (Of tps) and its alternative splicing isoform (Of tps_isoformI) were cloned from the Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée; Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae. The Of tps and Of tps_isoformI transcripts were 2913 and 1689 bp long, contained 2529 and 1293 bp open reading frames encoding proteins of 842 and 430 amino acids with a molecular mass of 94.4 and 48.6 kDa, respectively. Transcriptional profiling and response to thermal stress of Of tps gene were determined by quantitative real-time PCR showing that the Of tps was predominantly expressed in the larval fat body, significantly enhanced during molting and transformation; and thermal stress also induced Of tps expression. Gene structure analysis is indicating that one TPS domain and one trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) domain were located at the N- and C-termini of Of TPS, respectively, while only the TPS domain was detected in OfTPS_isoformI. Three-dimensional modeling and heterologous expression were developed to predict the putative functions of OfTPS and Of TPS_isoformI. We infer that the expression of Of tps gene is thermally induced and might be crucial for larvae survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China
| | - Yulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee JH, Suryaningtyas IT, Yoon TH, Shim JM, Park H, Kim HW. Transcriptomic analysis of the hepatopancreas induced by eyestalk ablation in shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 24:99-110. [PMID: 28915415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although eyestalk ablation (ESA) is currently considered the most effective method to facilitate molting and maturation, its physiological responses are still not clearly explained in decapod crustaceans. In this study, we analyzed the hepatopancreatic transcriptomes of Litopenaeus vannamei after ESA using the Illumina Miseq platform. After screening 53,029 contigs with high cutoff values (fold change>|10|; P-value<0.05; RPKM>1), we were able to identify 105 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 100 were up-regulated and five were down-regulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that many DEGs were involved in the synthetic pathways for glycerol and trehalose, which are known to function as the major protectants under conditions of low temperature and osmotic stress in arthropods. Additional analysis of the other DEGs enabled us to classify them in four categories: immunity; cellular trafficking; transcriptional regulation; molting and maturation. Many DEGs were involved in immunity and stress responses, in particular the proPO activation system, which is the major immune and wound-healing system in arthropods. In addition to immunity and stress responses, we were also able to identify DEGs involved in molting and maturation processes (e.g., group I chitinase), as well as those involved in hormone metabolism and trafficking. Collectively, based on the transcriptomic analysis, ESA causes not only stress and immune responses, but also molting and maturation in L. vannamei. The DEGs identified in this study could be useful markers to understand the physiological responses that ESA induces in shrimp, such as molting, maturation, and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tae-Ho Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Shim
- East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Research, Gangneung 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang J, Fan H, Xiong KC, Liu YH. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae), along with pupal development provide insight into diapause program. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181033. [PMID: 28704500 PMCID: PMC5507520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), is a devastating citrus pest in Asia. This univoltine insect enters obligatory pupal diapause in each generation, while little is known about the course and the molecular mechanisms of diapause. In this study, the course of diapause was determined by measuring the respiratory rate throughout the pupal stage. In addition, the variation of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of pupae at five developmental stages (pre-, early-, middle-, late-, and post-diapause) were evaluated by next-generation sequencing technology and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), respectively. A total of 4,808 genes were significantly altered in ten pairwise comparisons, representing major shifts in metabolism and signal transduction as well as endocrine system and digestive system. Gene expression profiles were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. In addition, 48 metabolites were identified and quantified by 1H NMR. Nine of which significantly contributed to the variation in the metabolomic profiles, especially proline and trehalose. Moreover, the samples collected within diapause maintenance (early-, middle-, and late-diapause) only exhibited marginal transcriptomic and metabolomic variation with each other. These findings greatly improve our understanding of B. minax diapause and lay the foundation for further pertinent studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Fan
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke-Cai Xiong
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Hong Liu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zonato V, Collins L, Pegoraro M, Tauber E, Kyriacou CP. Is diapause an ancient adaptation in Drosophila? JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 98:267-274. [PMID: 28161445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
D. melanogaster enters a state of reproductive arrest when exposed to low temperatures (12°C) and shorter photoperiods. A number of studies have suggested that diapause has recently evolved in European D. melanogaster populations, that it is not present in the sibling species D. simulans, that it is non-photoperiodic in American D. melanogaster populations, and that it spontaneously terminates after 6-8weeks. We have studied the overwintering phenotype under different conditions and observe that American, European and, surprisingly, African D. melanogaster populations can show photoperiodic diapause, as can European, but not African D. simulans. Surprisingly other Drosophila species from pan-tropical regions can also show significant levels of photoperiodic diapause. We observe that spontaneous termination of diapause after a few weeks can be largely avoided with a more realistic winter simulation for D. melanogaster, but not D. simulans. Examining metabolite accumulation during diapause reveals that the shallow diapause of D. melanogaster has similar features to that of other more robustly-diapausing species. Our results suggest that diapause may be an ancient character that emerged in the tropics to resist unfavourable seasonal conditions and which has been enhanced during D. melanogaster's colonisation of temperate regions. Our results also highlight how different methodologies to quantify diapause can lead to apparently conflicting results that we believe can now largely be resolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Zonato
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Lewis Collins
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mirko Pegoraro
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Eran Tauber
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel(2)
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kankare M, Parker DJ, Merisalo M, Salminen TS, Hoikkala A. Transcriptional Differences between Diapausing and Non-Diapausing D. montana Females Reared under the Same Photoperiod and Temperature. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161852. [PMID: 27571415 PMCID: PMC5003386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wide range of insects living at higher latitudes enter diapause at the end of the warm season, which increases their chances of survival through harsh winter conditions. In this study we used RNA sequencing to identify genes involved in adult reproductive diapause in a northern fly species, Drosophila montana. Both diapausing and non-diapausing flies were reared under a critical day length and temperature, where about half of the emerging females enter diapause enabling us to eliminate the effects of varying environmental conditions on gene expression patterns of the two types of female flies. RESULTS RNA sequencing revealed large differences between gene expression patterns of diapausing and non-diapausing females, especially in genes involved with metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and metal and nucleotide binding. Differently expressed genes included several gene groups, including myosin, actin and cytochromeP450 genes, which have been previously associated with diapause. This study also identified new candidate genes, including some involved in cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis or regulation (desat1 and desat2), and acyl-CoA Δ11-desaturase activity (CG9747), and few odorant-binding protein genes (e.g. Obp44A). Also, several transposable elements (TEs) showed differential expression between the two female groups motivating future research on their roles in diapause. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the adult reproductive diapause in D. montana involves changes in the expression level of a variety of genes involved in key processes (e.g. metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis) which help diapausing females to cope with overwintering. This is consistent with the view that diapause is a complex adaptive phenotype where not only sexual maturation is arrested, but also changes in adult physiology are required in order to survive over the winter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaria Kankare
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Darren J. Parker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko Merisalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiina S. Salminen
- BioMediTech, Biokatu 6, F1-33014, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anneli Hoikkala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tarrant AM, Baumgartner MF, Lysiak NSJ, Altin D, Størseth TR, Hansen BH. Transcriptional Profiling of Metabolic Transitions during Development and Diapause Preparation in the CopepodCalanus finmarchicus. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:1157-1169. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
25
|
Lehmann P, Pruisscher P, Posledovich D, Carlsson M, Käkelä R, Tang P, Nylin S, Wheat CW, Wiklund C, Gotthard K. Energy and lipid metabolism during direct and diapause development in a pierid butterfly. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:3049-3060. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.142687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Diapause is a fundamental component of the life-cycle in the majority of insects living in environments characterized by strong seasonality. The present study addresses poorly understood associations and trade-offs between endogenous diapause duration, thermal sensitivity of development, energetic cost of development and cold tolerance. Diapause intensity, metabolic rate trajectories and lipid profiles of directly developing and diapausing animals were studied using pupae and adults of Pieris napi butterflies from a population for which endogenous diapause is well studied. Endogenous diapause was terminated after 3 months and termination required chilling. Metabolic and postdiapause development rates increased with diapause duration, while the metabolic cost of postdiapause development decreased, indicating that once diapause is terminated development proceeds at a low rate even at low temperature. Diapausing pupae had larger lipid stores than the directly developing pupae and lipids constituted the primary energy source during diapause. However, during diapause lipid stores did not decrease. Thus, despite lipid catabolism meeting the low energy costs of the diapausing pupae, primary lipid store utilization did not occur until the onset of growth and metamorphosis in spring. In line with this finding, diapausing pupae contained low amounts of mitochondria-derived cardiolipins, which suggests a low capacity for fatty acid β-oxidation. While ontogenic development had a large effect on lipid and fatty acid profiles, only small changes in these were seen during diapause. The data therefore indicate that the diapause lipidomic phenotype is built early, when pupae are still at high temperature, and retained until diapause post-diapause development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lehmann
- Department of Zoology, SE-10691, University of Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Pruisscher
- Department of Zoology, SE-10691, University of Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Carlsson
- Department of Zoology, SE-10691, University of Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Department of Biosciences, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrik Tang
- Department of Biosciences, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sören Nylin
- Department of Zoology, SE-10691, University of Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christer Wiklund
- Department of Zoology, SE-10691, University of Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Gotthard
- Department of Zoology, SE-10691, University of Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|