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Abhijith A, Dunshea FR, Chauhan SS, Sejian V, DiGiacomo K. A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Betaine on Milk Production, Growth Performance, and Carcass Traits of Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1756. [PMID: 38929375 PMCID: PMC11201161 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Betaine improves growth performance and health in monogastric animals under both thermoneutral and heat stress conditions, but results in ruminants have been more equivocal. This meta-analysis investigated the effects of betaine supplementation on productive performance, milk production and composition, and carcass traits of ruminants due to betaine supplementation. A comprehensive search for published studies investigating the effect of betaine was performed using Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Effect size analysis, random effects models, I2 statistics, and meta-regression analysis were utilized to assess differences in production parameters. Dietary betaine supplementation increased milk yield (+1.0 kg/d (weighted mean differences presented in this abstract), p < 0.001), dry matter intake (+0.15 kg/d, p < 0.001), and milk lactose (+0.05%, p = 0.010) in dairy cows housed under thermoneutral conditions. In the few studies conducted on small ruminants, there was an increase in milk yield in response to dietary betaine (0.45 kg/d, p = 0.040). Under heat stress conditions or grazing pasture during summer, dietary betaine increased milk yield (+1.0 kg/d, p < 0.001) and dry matter intake (+0.21 kg/d, p = 0.020). Dietary betaine increased final liveweight (+2.33 kg, p = 0.050) and back fat thickness (+0.74 cm, p < 0.001) in beef cattle. Dietary betaine increased final liveweight (0.14 kg, p = 0.010), daily gain (+0.019 kg/d, p < 0.001), and carcass weight (+0.80 kg, p < 0.001) but not backfat in small ruminants. These meta-analyses showed that dietary betaine increases liveweight in small ruminants and beef cattle and increases feed intake and milk yield in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Abhijith
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia (F.R.D.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia (F.R.D.); (S.S.C.)
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Surinder S. Chauhan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia (F.R.D.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India;
| | - Kristy DiGiacomo
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia (F.R.D.); (S.S.C.)
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Wang L, Zhang P, Du Y, Wang C, Zhang L, Yin L, Zuo F, Huang W. Effect of heat stress on blood biochemistry and energy metabolite of the Dazu black goats. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1338643. [PMID: 38860008 PMCID: PMC11163060 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1338643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of heat stress (HS) on physiological, blood biochemical, and energy metabolism in Dazu black goats. Six wether adult Dazu black goats were subjected to 3 experimental periods: high HS (group H, temperature-humidity index [THI] > 88) for 15 d, moderate HS (group M, THI was 79-88) for 15 d, and no HS (group L, THI < 72) for 15 d. Rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR) were determined on d 7 and 15 of each period, and blood samples were collected on d 15 of each period. All goats received glucose (GLU) tolerance test (GTT) and insulin (INS) tolerance test on d 7 and d 10 of each period. The results showed that HS decreased dry matter intake (DMI) and INS concentration (p < 0.05), and increased RT, RR, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), cortisol (COR), and total protein (TP) concentrations (p < 0.05). Compared to group L, the urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration increased and GLU concentration decreased in group H (p < 0.05). During the GTT, the area under the curve (AUC) of GLU concentrations increased by 12.26% (p > 0.05) and 40.78% (p < 0.05), and AUC of INS concentrations decreased by 26.04 and 14.41% (p < 0.05) in groups H and M compared to group L, respectively. The INS concentrations were not significant among the three groups (p > 0.05) during the ITT. A total of 60 differentially expressed metabolites were identified in response to groups H and M. In HS, changes in metabolites related to carbohydrate metabolism and glycolysis were identified (p < 0.05). The metabolites related to fatty acid β-oxidation accumulated, glycogenic and ketogenic amino acids were significantly increased, while glycerophospholipid metabolites were decreased in HS (p < 0.05). HS significantly increased 1-methylhistidine, creatinine, betaine, taurine, taurolithocholic acid, inosine, and hypoxanthine, while decreasing vitamin E in blood metabolites (p < 0.05). In summary, HS changed the metabolism of fat, protein, and energy, impaired GLU tolerance, and mainly increased amino acid metabolism to provide energy in Dazu black goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Beef Cattle Engineering Technology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengjun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Beef Cattle Engineering Technology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxuan Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Beef Cattle Engineering Technology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changtong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Beef Cattle Engineering Technology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Beef Cattle Engineering Technology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuyuan Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Beef Cattle Engineering Technology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenming Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Beef Cattle Engineering Technology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Li Z, Pu J, Chen X, Chen Y, Peng X, Cai J, Jia G, Zhao H, Tian G. Betaine addition to the diet alleviates intestinal injury in growing rabbits during the summer heat through the AAT/mTOR pathway. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:41. [PMID: 38454493 PMCID: PMC10921597 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-00998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of betaine (Bet) inclusion in the diet on the intestinal health of growing rabbits under summer heat. A total of 100 weaned Qixing meat rabbits aged 35 d with body weight of 748.61 ± 38.59 g were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups: control group (basal diet) and Bet groups (basal diet + 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 g/kg Bet). The average daily temperature in the rabbitry during the experiment was 30.48 °C and the relative humidity was 69.44%. RESULTS Dietary addition of Bet had no significant effect on growth performance and health status of growing rabbits (P > 0.05), but it increased ileal secretory immunoglobulin A content compared to the control under summer heat (P < 0.05). Addition of 0.75 g/kg Bet up-regulated jejunal IL-4, down-regulated ileal TNF-α expression (P < 0.05). The addition of 1.0 g/kg Bet increased the villi height (VH) in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Serum glucose levels were reduced, and the expression of SLC6A20 was up-regulated in jejunum and ileum of rabbits fed with 1.5 g/kg Bet (P < 0.05). When added at 2.0 g/kg, Bet reduced serum HSP70 content, increased jejunal VH, and up-regulated duodenal SLC7A6, SLC38A2, mTOR and 4EBP-2 expression (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that intestinal mTOR expression was significantly and positively correlated with SLC7A6, SLC38A2, SLC36A1 and IL-4 expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary addition of Bet can up-regulate the expression of anti-inflammatory factors through the AAT/mTOR pathway, improve the intestinal immune function, alleviate intestinal damage in growing rabbits caused by summer heat, and improve intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Junning Pu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yanbin Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Saleh AA, El-Tahan HM, Shaban M, Morsy WA, Genedy S, Alzawqari MH, El-Tahan HM, Shukry M, Ebeid TA, El-Keredy A, Alwutayd K, Alhotan RA, Al-Badwi MAA, Sewlim Hussein EO, Kim IH, Cho S, Eid Abdel-Moneim AM. Effect of dietary supplementation of betaine and organic minerals on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, nutrients digestibility, and growth-related genes in broilers under heat stress. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103051. [PMID: 37774520 PMCID: PMC10550832 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming and climate changes have a detrimental impact on poultry production, causing substantial economic losses. This study investigated the effects of incorporating dietary betaine (BT) and organic minerals (OMs) on broilers' performance as well as their potential to mitigate the negative impacts of heat stress (HS). Six hundred 1-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to 12 experimental treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds each (5 male + 5 female). The birds were provided with diets containing BT (0 and 2,000 ppm) and OMs (0, 250, and 500 ppm), either individually or in combination, under both thermoneutral and HS-inducing temperatures. The HS conditions involved exposing the birds to cyclic periods of elevated temperature (35°C ± 2°C) for 6 h daily, from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm, starting from d 10 and continuing until d 35. The exposure to HS deteriorated birds' growth performance; however, dietary BT and OMs inclusion improved the growth performance parameters bringing them close to normal levels. Carcass traits were not affected by dietary supplementation of BT, OMs, HS, or their interaction. Interestingly, while HS led to increased (P < 0.05) levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), these adverse effects were mitigated (P < 0.05) by the addition of BT and OMs. Moreover, dietary BT supplementation led to elevated serum total protein and globulin concentrations. Cyclic HS did not alter Mn, Zn, and Cu contents in the pectoral muscle. However, the incorporation of OMs at both levels increased concentrations of these minerals. Notably, the combination of 500 ppm OMs and 2,000 ppm BT improved Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe digestibility, which has been compromised under HS conditions. Cyclic HS upregulated gene expression of interleukin-1β, heat shock protein 70, and Toll-like receptor-4 while downregulated the expression of claudin-1, uncoupling protein, growth hormone receptor, superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione peroxidase 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1. The aforementioned gene expressions were reversed by the combination of higher dietary levels of BT and OMs. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of 500 ppm OMs along with 2,000 ppm BT yielded significant improvements in growth performance and mineral digestibility among broiler chickens, regardless of thermal conditions. Moreover, this combination effectively restored the expression of growth-related genes even under heat-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 333516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hossam M El-Tahan
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, 12611, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Shaban
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 333516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Wael A Morsy
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, 12611, Egypt
| | - Salwa Genedy
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 333516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Alzawqari
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 333516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, 70270 Ibb, Yemen
| | - Hatem M El-Tahan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, 12611, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 333516, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Ebeid
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 333516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira El-Keredy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Khairiah Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed A Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A A Al-Badwi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - In Ho Kim
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abu-Zaabal 13759, Egypt
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Willingham BD, Rentería LI, Ragland TJ, Ormsbee MJ. The effects of betaine supplementation on fluid balance and heat tolerance during passive heat stress in men. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15792. [PMID: 37604644 PMCID: PMC10442523 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consuming intracellular osmolytes, like betaine (BET), may attenuate symptoms of heat stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of BET supplementation on fluid balance and heat tolerance after a 7-day loading period and during passive heat exposure. METHODS A double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study compared BET or placebo consumption (50 mg·kg-1 , twice daily) for 7 days in young, recreationally active men (N = 11). RESULTS During the loading period, no significant interactions were found for any marker of fluid balance between or within conditions. During heat exposure, significant time effects but no condition x time interactions, were found for plasma characteristics (i.e., volume, osmolality, sodium, albumin, and total protein). Plasma volume was significantly increased by min 30 in both conditions (PLA: +6.9. ± 5.0%, BET: +10.2 ± 7.4%) and remained elevated for the remainder of the experimental trial, but was not significantly different between conditions. After 60 min of passive heat exposure, both conditions experienced a similar increase in core temperature (PLA: +0.32 ± 0.22°C, BET: +0.31 ± 0.21°C; p = 0.912). CONCLUSIONS Supplemental BET did not improve markers of fluid balance or heat tolerance during 7 days of loading or during passive heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D. Willingham
- Department of KinesiologyCoastal Carolina UniversityConwaySouth CarolinaUSA
- Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine, Nutrition, and Integrative PhysiologyFlorida State UniversityFloridaUSA
| | - Liliana I. Rentería
- Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine, Nutrition, and Integrative PhysiologyFlorida State UniversityFloridaUSA
| | - Tristan J. Ragland
- Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine, Nutrition, and Integrative PhysiologyFlorida State UniversityFloridaUSA
- Department of Kinesiology and HealthRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Michael J. Ormsbee
- Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine, Nutrition, and Integrative PhysiologyFlorida State UniversityFloridaUSA
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise, and Leisure SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
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Supplemental dietary curcumin improves testicular hemodynamics, testosterone levels, and semen quality in Baladi bucks in the non-breeding season. Theriogenology 2022; 188:100-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Huang Y, Cai P, Su X, Zheng M, Chi W, Lin S, Huang Z, Qin S, Zeng S. Hsian-Tsao ( Mesona chinensis Benth.) Extract Improves the Thermal Tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster. Front Nutr 2022; 9:819319. [PMID: 35614980 PMCID: PMC9124935 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.819319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming has prompted scientific communities to consider how to alleviate thermal stress in humans and animals. The present study assessed the supplementation of hsian-tsao extract (HTE) on thermal stress in Drosophila melanogaster and preliminarily explicated its possible physiological and molecular mechanisms. Our results indicated that the lethal time for 50% of female flies fed on HTE was significantly longer than that of male flies at the same heat stress temperature. Under thermal stress, the survival time of females was remarkably increased in the HTE addition groups compared to the non-addition group. Thermal hardening by acute exposure to 36°C for 30 min (9:00 to 9:30 a.m.) every day could significantly prolong the longevity of females. Without thermal hardening, HTE increased the antioxidant capacity of females under heat stress, accompanied by an increment of catalase (CAT) activity, and the inhibition for hydroxyl radicals (OH⋅) and superoxide anions (⋅O2 -). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the inhibition for ⋅O2 - was significantly affected by thermal hardening in the non-HTE addition groups, and significant differences were shown in CAT and SOD activities, and the inhibition for ⋅O2 - among groups with thermal hardening. After heat exposure, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) was only up-regulated in the group with high levels of added HTE compared with the group without and this was similar in the thermal hardening group. It was concluded that the heat stress-relieving ability of HTE might be partly due to the enhancement of enzymatic activities of SOD and CAT, and the inhibition for OH⋅ and ⋅O2 -. However, the expression levels of Hsp70 were not well related to thermal tolerance or heat survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pumo Cai
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Xinxin Su
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenwen Chi
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Si Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoxiao Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Uyanga VA, Oke EO, Amevor FK, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. Functional roles of taurine, L-theanine, L-citrulline, and betaine during heat stress in poultry. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:23. [PMID: 35264238 PMCID: PMC8908636 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is an important environmental stress factor affecting poultry production on a global scale. With the rise in ambient temperature and increasing effects of global warming, it becomes pertinent to understand the effects of HS on poultry production and the strategies that can be adopted to mitigate its detrimental impacts on the performance, health, welfare, immunity, and survival of birds. Amino acids (AAs) have been increasingly adopted as nutritional modifiers in animals to ameliorate the adverse effects of HS. They are essential for protein synthesis, growth, maintenance, reproduction, immunity, stress response, and whole-body homeostasis. However, HS tends to adversely affect the availability, transport, absorption, and utilization of these AAs. Studies have investigated the provision of these AAs to poultry during HS conditions, and variable findings have been reported. Taurine, L-theanine, and L-citrulline are non-essential amino acids that are increasingly gaining attention as nutritional supplements in HS animals. Similarly, betaine is an amino acid derivative that possesses favorable biological properties which contributes to its role as a functional additive during HS. Of particular note, taurine is negligible in plants, while betaine, L-theanine, and L-citrulline can be found in selected plants. These nutrients are barely found in feed ingredients, but their supply has been shown to elicit important physiological roles including anti-stress effects, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, gut promoting, and immunomodulatory functions. The present review provides information on the use of these nutritionally and physiologically beneficial nutrients as functional additives to poultry diets during HS conditions. Presently, although several studies have reported on the positive effects of these additives in human and murine studies, however, there is limited information regarding their utilization during heat stress in poultry nutrition. Therefore, this review aims to expound on the functional properties of these nutrients, their potentials for HS alleviation, and to stimulate further researches on their biological roles in poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Emmanuel O Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B, Abeokuta, Ogun State, 2240, Nigeria
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Okanlawon M Onagbesan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B, Abeokuta, Ogun State, 2240, Nigeria
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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Khan RIN, Sahu AR, Malla WA, Praharaj MR, Hosamani N, Kumar S, Gupta S, Sharma S, Saxena A, Varshney A, Singh P, Verma V, Kumar P, Singh G, Pandey A, Saxena S, Gandham RK, Tiwari AK. Systems biology under heat stress in Indian cattle. Gene 2021; 805:145908. [PMID: 34411649 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome profiling of Vrindavani and Tharparkar cattle (n = 5 each) revealed that more numbers of genes were dysregulated in Vrindavani than in Tharparkar. A contrast in gene expression was observed with 18.9 % of upregulated genes in Vrindavani downregulated in Tharparkar and 17.8% upregulated genes in Tharparkar downregulated in Vrindavani. Functional annotation of genes differentially expressed in Tharparkar and Vrindavani revealed that the systems biology in Tharparkar is moving towards counteracting the effects due to heat stress. Unlike Vrindavani, Tharparkar is not only endowed with higher expression of the scavengers (UBE2G1, UBE2S, and UBE2H) of misfolded proteins but also with protectors (VCP, Serp1, and CALR) of naïve unfolded proteins. Further, higher expression of the antioxidants in Tharparkar enables it to cope up with higher levels of free radicals generated as a result of heat stress. In this study, we found relevant genes dysregulated in Tharparkar in the direction that can counter heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ishaq Nabi Khan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Amit Ranjan Sahu
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Waseem Akram Malla
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Praharaj
- Computational Biology and Genomics, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Neelima Hosamani
- Computational Biology and Genomics, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shakti Kumar
- Computational Biology and Genomics, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Smita Gupta
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Archana Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Anshul Varshney
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Pragya Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Vinay Verma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Aruna Pandey
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Computational Biology and Genomics, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India.
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The Correlation between Extracellular Heat Shock Protein 70 and Lipid Metabolism in a Ruminant Model. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010019. [PMID: 35050141 PMCID: PMC8779628 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stress in early lactation cows is characterized by lipolysis, ketogenesis, insulin resistance and inflammation because of negative energy balance and increased use of lipids for energy needs. In this study the relationship between lipid metabolite, lipid-based insulin resistance, and hepatocyte functionality indexes and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) with extracellular heat shock protein 70 (eHsp70) was investigated. The experiment included 50 cows and all parameters were measured in blood serum. In cows with a more pronounced negative energy balance, the following was determined: a higher concentration of eHsp70, TNF-α, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), NEFA to insulin and NEFA to cholesterol ratio and lower concentration of cholesterol, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and liver functionality index (LFI). The eHsp70 correlated negatively with the values of cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, and triglycerides, while correlated positively with the level of NEFA and BHB. A higher concentration of eHsp70 suggests the development of fatty liver (due to a higher NEFA to cholesterol ratio and lower LFI) and insulin resistance (due to a lower revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index RQUICKI-BHB and higher NEFA to insulin ratio). The eHsp70 correlated positively with TNF-α. Both TNF-α and eHsp70 correlated similarly to lipid metabolites. In cows with high eHsp70 and TNF-α values we found higher concentrations of NEFA, BHB, NEFA to insulin and NEFA to cholesterol ratio and a lower concentration of triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol compared to cows that had only high TNF-α values. Based on the positive correlation between eHsp70 and TNF-α, their similar relations, and the additional effect of eHsp70 (high TNF-α + eHsp70 values) on lipid metabolites we conclude that eHsp70 has pro-inflammatory effects implicating lipolysis, fatty liver, and fat tissue insulin resistance.
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Silva PS, Hooper HB, Manica E, Merighe GKF, Oliveira SA, Traldi AS, Negrão JA. Heat stress affects the expression of key genes in the placenta, placental characteristics, and efficiency of Saanen goats and the survival and growth of their kids. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4970-4979. [PMID: 33551154 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is detrimental during gestation; however, the effects of heat stress on goat placental characteristics and kid survival remain unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat stress at final gestation on cortisol concentration, placenta characteristics, and the expression of genes related to placenta. Forty-six primiparous and multiparous Saanen goats were subjected to control (CT; under a thermoneutral environment: air temperature between 12°C and 25°C and the relative humidity from 45 to 73%, n = 23) or heat stress (HS; under a climatic chamber: air temperature at 37°C and the relative humidity at 60 to 70% from 0800 to 1600 h, n = 23) from the last 60 d of pregnancy until the first colostrum suckling. The heat challenge imposed on HS goats during the prepartum period increased their rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, and cortisol levels in plasma and amniotic fluid versus CT goats. In the placenta, HS treatment also increased the expression of the HSPA1A gene. Heat-stressed goats also showed significantly lower expression of HSD11B2 and greater expression of MC2R and NR3C1 than CT goats, suggesting that heat stress decreased the effectiveness by which the HSD11B2 enzyme converts cortisol to cortisone and increased placental responsiveness to cortisol. The HS goats took longer to release the placenta with lighter placental cotyledons, and HS goats had a lower ratio between the kid's weight at birth and placenta weight than CT goats. There was no treatment effect on the kids' survival or weights at birth, but the kids from goats subjected to HS presented lesser cortisol concentration and greater mortality rates at weaning than kids from CT goats. Finally, the overexpression of HSPA1A by HS goats suggests a protective response of placenta. However, the heat stress negatively affected the placenta's expulsion length, placental cotyledons number, weight and area, the ratio between kid's weight and placenta weight, and cortisol signaling. Indeed, the upregulation of MC2R and NR3C1 and downregulation of HSD11B2 on placenta caused by heat stress were associated with greater cortisol concentrations in the amniotic fluid of HS goats. Although HS and CT kids had adequate weights and survival rate during the first weeks of life, the heat stress increased the mortality at weaning of HS kids versus CT kids, suggesting that the heat stress effect persists and can change the ability of kids to respond to weaning challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Silva
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - H B Hooper
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - E Manica
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - G K F Merighe
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - S A Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - A S Traldi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - J A Negrão
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil.
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12
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Tejaswi V, Balachander B, Samad HA, Sarkar M, Maurya VP, Singh G. Assessment of heat stress induced alterations in polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell activity in native and crossbred cows. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1829629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veligatla Tejaswi
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Harry Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Vijay Prakash Maurya
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Gynendra Singh
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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13
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Willingham BD, Ragland TJ, Ormsbee MJ. Betaine Supplementation May Improve Heat Tolerance: Potential Mechanisms in Humans. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102939. [PMID: 32992781 PMCID: PMC7599524 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine has been demonstrated to increase tolerance to hypertonic and thermal stressors. At the cellular level, intracellular betaine functions similar to molecular chaperones, thereby reducing the need for inducible heat shock protein expression. In addition to stabilizing protein conformations, betaine has been demonstrated to reduce oxidative damage. For the enterocyte, during periods of reduced perfusion as well as greater oxidative, thermal, and hypertonic stress (i.e., prolonged exercise in hot-humid conditions), betaine results in greater villi length and evidence for greater membrane integrity. Collectively, this reduces exercise-induced gut permeability, protecting against bacterial translocation and endotoxemia. At the systemic level, chronic betaine intake has been shown to reduce core temperature, all-cause mortality, markers of inflammation, and change blood chemistry in several animal models when exposed to heat stress. Despite convincing research in cell culture and animal models, only one published study exists exploring betaine's thermoregulatory function in humans. If the same premise holds true for humans, chronic betaine consumption may increase heat tolerance and provide another avenue of supplementation for those who find that heat stress is a major factor in their work, or training for exercise and sport. Yet, this remains speculative until data demonstrate such effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D. Willingham
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (B.D.W.); (T.J.R.)
| | - Tristan J. Ragland
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (B.D.W.); (T.J.R.)
| | - Michael J. Ormsbee
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (B.D.W.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zheng W, Liu B, Hu W, Cui Y. Effects of transport stress on pathological injury and main heat shock protein expression in the respiratory system of goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:1-13. [PMID: 32744367 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathological injury and the expression of heat shock proteins in the caprine lung, trachea and bronchus under transport stress. 12 healthy male goats were selected and randomly divided into three groups. The control group (non-transported group), 2 hr transport-treated group and 6 hr transport-treated group. Morphological changes as well as the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs, mainly HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90) in three parts of the respiratory tract were examined. Our results showed swollen mucosa and congestive blood vessels in mucous layer and submucosa, inflammatory cell infiltration as well as degeneration and necrosis of mucosal epithelial cells in trachea and bronchus of the transport-treated groups. The epithelial cells were degenerated, and the exfoliated cells and debris could be seen in the alveolar cavity. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that HSP27 and HSP70 were strongly expressed in tracheal and bronchial epithelium, glandular epithelium, vascular endothelium and bronchiole epithelium. And the amount of positive inflammatory cells was increased in transport-treated groups. Western blot results indicated that the expression of all three proteins had no obvious difference among the three groups in bronchi (p > .05). In trachea, there was no significant difference in the expression of heat shock proteins among the three groups except that the expression of HSP70 which was obviously higher in the two transported groups than the control group (p < .05). The expression level of HSP70 in the 2 hr transport-treated group was significantly higher than the 6 hr group (p < .05) and control groups (p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in the expression level of HSP27 and HSP90 in three groups (p > .05). In conclusion, our data showed that transport stress could damage the caprine respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Ben Liu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China.,Jiangxi Lvke Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co. Ltd, Yichun, China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Kim WS, Ghassemi Nejad J, Roh SG, Lee HG. Heat-Shock Proteins Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as an Indicator of Heat Stress in Beef Calves. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050895. [PMID: 32455563 PMCID: PMC7278438 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study explores the effects of heat stress on the expression of various heat-shock protein (HSP) genes in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cell viability as an indicator of stress in beef calves. We found that heat stress inhibits cell proliferation and increases the expression of HSPs in an in vitro model. In addition, HSPs were found to regulate the physiological mechanisms of adaptation to heat stress in an in vivo model. The results showed that HSPs expression in PBMCs can be used as an indicator of heat stress (HS) in beef calves. Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effect of HS on HSPs gene expression in bovine PBMCs of beef calves in in vitro and in vivo models. In the in vitro experiment, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of five beef calves (age: 174.2 ± 5.20 days, BW: 145.2 ± 5.21 kg). In the in vivo experiment, sixteen Korean native male beef calves (age: 169.6 ± 4.60 days, BW: 136.9 ± 6.23 kg) were exposed to ambient temperature for seven days (22 to 24 °C, relative humidity 60%; temperature–humidity index (THI) = 68 to 70) and subsequently to the temperature and humidity corresponding to the target THI level for 21 days (HS). For PBMC isolation, blood samples were collected every three days. In the in vitro model, the cell viability was significantly decreased in HS groups compared with the control group (p = 0.015). The expression of HSP70 (p = 0.022), HSP90 (p = 0.003) and HSPB1 (p = 0.026) genes was increased in the HS group in in vitro model. In the in vivo experiment, the HSP70 gene expression was increased after sudden exposure to HS conditions (severe THI levels; THI = 88 to 90), whereas HSP90 and HSPB1 showed no differences among the THI groups (p > 0.05). However, in the severe THI group, the HSP70 gene expression returned to normal range after six days of continuous HS. In conclusion, the HSP70 gene plays a pivotal role in protecting cells from damage and is sensitive to HS in immune cells compared with other HSP genes in in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, the in vivo models suggest that calves exhibit active physiological mechanisms of adaptation to HS after six days of continuous exposure by regulating the HSP70 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seob Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (W.-S.K.); (J.G.N.)
- Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (W.-S.K.); (J.G.N.)
- Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sang-Gun Roh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (W.-S.K.); (J.G.N.)
- Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-450-0523
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16
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Resilience of Small Ruminants to Climate Change and Increased Environmental Temperature: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050867. [PMID: 32429527 PMCID: PMC7278399 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Small ruminants are critical for food security and livelihood, especially under extreme stressful and diverse climatic environments. Generally, sheep and goats are farmed on grazing land in relatively large groups relying on low inputs in terms of feed, water and labor, and possess high thermotolerance compared to large ruminants such as cattle. Climate change has been recognized as a harmful factor influencing sheep and goat production. Small ruminants are vulnerable to direct and indirect effects of climate change, including heat stress, limited and low-quality pasture availability and emerging infectious diseases. In this context, selection of animals for thermotolerance is one viable strategy that exploits natural variation within and between breeds for desirable traits. The various biological markers used to improve thermotolerance in small ruminants include behavioral (feed intake, water intake), physiological (respiration rate, rectal temperature, sweating rate), hormonal (T3, T4 and growth hormone) responses and the response of molecular regulators. Abstract Climate change is a major global threat to the sustainability of livestock systems. Climatic factors such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, direct and indirect solar radiation and wind speed influence feed and water availability, fodder quality and disease occurrence, with production being most efficient in optimal environmental conditions. Among these climatic variables, ambient temperature fluctuations have the most impact on livestock production and animal welfare. Continuous exposure of the animals to heat stress compromises growth, milk and meat production and reproduction. The capacity of an animal to mitigate effects of increased environmental temperature, without progressing into stress response, differs within and between species. Comparatively, small ruminants are better adapted to hot environments than large ruminants and have better ability to survive, produce and reproduce in harsh climatic regions. Nevertheless, the physiological and behavioral changes in response to hot environments affect small ruminant production. It has been found that tropical breeds are more adaptive to hot climates than high-producing temperate breeds. The growing body of knowledge on the negative impact of heat stress on small ruminant production and welfare will assist in the development of suitable strategies to mitigate heat stress. Selection of thermotolerant breeds, through identification of genetic traits for adaption to extreme environmental conditions (high temperature, feed scarcity, water scarcity), is a viable strategy to combat climate change and minimize the impact on small ruminant production and welfare. This review highlights such adaption within and among different breeds of small ruminants challenged by heat stress.
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17
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Hooper H, Silva PDS, de Oliveira S, Meringhe G, Lacasse P, Negrão J. Effect of heat stress in late gestation on subsequent lactation performance and mammary cell gene expression of Saanen goats. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:1982-1992. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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RAHEJA NITIN, KUMAR NISHANT, LATHWAL SS. Dietary betaine reduces incidence of follicular cyst in post-partum Karan Fries cows during hot-humid season. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i12.96625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the heat stress ameliorating effect of dietary betaine in reducing the risk of development of follicular cyst in dairy cows during hot-humid season. Eighteen pre-parturient Karan Fries (KF) cows in their 2nd to 5th parity were selected and assigned to 2 groups of 9 cows each on basis of parity and body weight. One group of cows was kept as control and other as treatment (50 g betaine/day/cow). Environmental variables and temperature humidity index (THI) of sheds were recorded during the experimental period. Body weight, dry matter intake (DMI), plasma non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and cortisol levels were measured in both groups at fortnightly interval. Trans-rectal B-mode real time ultrasonography was performed weekly for diagnosis of follicular cyst. Results showed nonsignificant increase in mean DMI (1.86±0.12 kg vs 1.79±0.12 kg per 100 kg body weight) and overall body weight (416.76±10.24 kg vs 411.33±11.07 kg) in treatment group compared to control group. Plasma NEFA concentrations were lower in treatment group as compared to control (329.42±29.08 μmol/L vs 407.05±15.68 μmol/L). Plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly lower in treatment group as compared to control group (4.91±0.68 ng/ml vs 6.89±0.49 ng/ml). In control group, 22.22% cows had follicular cyst on their ovaries whereas no follicular cyst was found in betaine supplemented cows. It can be concluded that supplementation of 50 g betaine/cow/day reduces the incidence of follicular cyst along with reduction in plasma NEFA and cortisol levels.
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19
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Lakhani P, Kumar P, Alhussien MN, Lakhani N, Grewal S, Vats A. Effect of betaine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient intake and expression of IGF-1 in Karan Fries heifers during thermal stress. Theriogenology 2019; 142:433-440. [PMID: 31711708 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress hampers nutrient utilisation and production of animals, and dietary betaine supplementation can mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on animals and improve their productivity. The present study was conducted to explore the effects of betaine supplementation on the growth performance of eighteen growing Karan Fries (KF) heifers having similar age and body conditions. The experiment was carried out on three groups (n = 6) of KF heifers viz. control, treatment I (betaine supplemented at 25 g/d/animal), and treatment II (betaine supplemented at 50 g/d/animal). The experiment lasted for eight months covering the three major seasons of Indian tropical conditions viz. hot-dry (temperature humidity index, THI = 83), hot-humid (THI = 85) and thermoneutral season (THI = 73). Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals and analysed for plasma growth hormone (GH; competitive ELISA) and total insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; Sandwich ELISA), as well as expression of IGF-I in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Betaine supplementation resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increase in dry matter intake, feed conversion efficiency, body weight gain, plasma GH and IGF-1 levels during all seasons. The concentrations of plasma IGF-1 and the mRNA expression of IGF-1 were higher (p < 0.01) in treatment I as compared to other groups during all seasons. Betaine supplementation at 25 g/d/animal was more cost-effective in improving growth performance of heat-stressed heifers as compared to 50 g/d/animal. The study suggests that the betaine protects intestinal integrity, enhances nutrient utilisation during heat stress and improves growth performance of growing heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Lakhani
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Mohanned Naif Alhussien
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Neeti Lakhani
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonika Grewal
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Ashutosh Vats
- Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
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20
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Samad HA, Konyak YY, Latheef SK, Kumar A, Khan IA, Verma V, Chouhan VS, Verma MR, Maurya VP, Kumar P, Sarkar M, Singh G. Alpha lipoic acid supplementation ameliorates the wrath of simulated tropical heat and humidity stress in male Murrah buffaloes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1331-1346. [PMID: 31280374 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A supplement which ameliorates temperature-humidity menace in food producing livestock is a prerequisite to develop climate smart agricultural packages. A study was conducted to investigate the heat stress ameliorative efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) in male Murrah water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Eighteen animals (293.61 ± 4.66Kg Bwt) were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 6); NHSC (non-heat-stressed control), HS (heat-stressed) and HSLA (heat-stressed-supplemented with ALA@32 mg/kg Bwt orally) based on the temperature humidity index (THI) and ALA supplementation. HS and HSLA were exposed to simulated heat challenge in a climatically controlled chamber (40 °C) for 21 consecutive days, 6 h daily. Physiological responses viz. Respiration rate (RR), Pulse rate (PR) and Rectal temperature (RT) were recorded daily before and after heat exposure. Blood samples were collected at the end of heat exposure on days 1, 6, 11, 16, and 21 and on day 28 (7th day post exposure which is considered as recovery) for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) separation, followed by RNA and Protein extraction for Real time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis respectively, of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was performed between groups at different experimental periods. RR (post exposure) in HS and HSLA was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than NHSC from day 1 onwards but HSLA varied significantly from the HS 8th day onwards. Post exposure RT and PR in both HS and HSLA varied (P < 0.05) from NHSC throughout the study; but between HS and HSLA, RT significantly varied on initial 2 days and last 6 days (from days 16 to 21). HSP70 mRNA expression significantly up regulated in high THI groups with respect to the low THI group throughout the experimental period. During chronic stress (days 16 and 21) HSP70 significantly (P < 0.05) increased in HS but not in HSLA (P > 0.05) with respect to NHSC. ALA supplementation up-regulates and sustains (P < 0.05) the expression of HSP90 in HSLA in comparison to the HS and NHSC. HSP105 expression was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in HS on days 16 and 21 (during long-term exposure) but only on day 21 (P < 0.05) in HSLA. HSP70, HSP90, and HSP105 protein expression dynamics were akin to the mRNA transcript data between the study groups. In conclusion, supplementing ALA ameliorates the deleterious effect of heat stress as reflected by improved physiological and cellular responses. ALA supplementation improved cellular antioxidant status and sustained otherwise easily decaying heat shock responses which concertedly hasten the baton change from a limited window of thermo tolerance to long run acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Samad
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Y Y Konyak
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - I A Khan
- Dolphin PG Institue of Biomedical & Natural Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - V Verma
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V S Chouhan
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M R Verma
- Division of Livestock economics and statistics, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Sarkar
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Singh
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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21
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Shi D, Bai L, Qu Q, Zhou S, Yang M, Guo S, Li Q, Liu C. Impact of gut microbiota structure in heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2405-2413. [PMID: 30715508 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota** play important roles in the health and disease status of both humans and animals. Little is known about whether heat stress changes the composition of the gut microbiota in chicken. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of heat stress on changes in caecal microbiota, including changes in growth performance as well as HSP70 and cortisol levels. Sixty 14-day-old female broilers were equally divided into 2 treatment groups with different housing temperatures for 28 D: a control group (C) at 24 to 26°C and a heat stress (HS) group at 34 to 38°C. The caecal contents of the broiler chicken were then extracted on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified based on the V3∼V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA high-throughput sequence analyses. The results showed that the average daily gain and average daily feed intake were significantly decreased and that the feed conversion ratio was increased by heat stress. The concentrations of HSP70 and cortisol in the serum were significantly increased. The composition of gut microbiota was influenced by heat stress** through beta diversity analysis and taxon-based analysis. In particular, at the phylum level the composition of Firmicutes, Tenericutes, and Proteobacteria in HS group was increased than that of C group, and Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria in HS group were reduced than that of C group. In addition, the composition of Anaeroplasma and Lactobacillus phyla in HS group were increased than that of C group, whereas the Bacteroides, Oscillospira, Faecalibacterium, and Dorea genera in HS group were decreased than that of C group. In conclusion, the gut microbiota in broilers were changed by heat stress. And the changes of the gut microbiota could provide the basis for further research on the heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayou Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Meimei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Li
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Cui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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22
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Lu Z, Ma Y, Li Q, Liu E, Jin M, Zhang L, Wei C. The role of N 6-methyladenosine RNA methylation in the heat stress response of sheep (Ovis aries). Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:333-342. [PMID: 30701478 PMCID: PMC6439051 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-00965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With the intensive development of the sheep industry and increasing global temperatures, heat stress in sheep has become an increasingly severe and important issue in recent years. The level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation changes in response to stress plays important roles in stress responses. However, the role of m6A in the heat stress response of sheep remains unclear. To explore this issue, we measured heat stress protein (HSP) expression, liver function indexes, m6A on RNA, m6A-related enzyme expression, and tissue damage in sheep that had been subjected to heat stress. At the transcriptome level, our results showed significant increases in m6A on RNA and increased mRNA levels of HSPs (HSP70, HSP90, and HSP110) and m6A-related enzymes [METTL3 (methyltransferase-like 3), METTL14 (methyltransferase-like 14), WTAP (wilms tumor 1-associated protein), FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein), ALKBH5 (alkB homologue 5), YTHDF1-3 (YTH domain family proteins), and YTHDC1-2 (YTH domain-containing proteins)] following heat stress. At the protein level, the expression of METTL3, YTHDF1-2, and YTHDC2 showed no significant differences following heat stress. However, in contrast to its mRNA level after heat stress, the protein expression of YTHDF3 was reduced, while the expression of HSPs (HSP70, HSP90, and HSP110), METTL14, WTAP, FTO, ALKBH5, YTHDF3, and YTHDC1 increased in line with their measured mRNA levels. Histological experiments revealed that heat stress caused varying degrees of damage to sheep liver tissue. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining indicated that the m6A-related enzymes were expressed in sheep hepatocytes, and differences in expression patterns were observed between the control and heat stress groups. In summary, differences in the level of m6A and the expression of m6A-related enzymes in the liver of sheep were observed after heat stress. This indicates that m6A is involved in the regulation of heat stress in sheep. Our findings provide a new avenue for studying the responses to heat stress in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengkui Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Enmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Caihong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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23
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Gu Z, Li L, Tang S, Liu C, Fu X, Shi Z, Mao H. Metabolomics Reveals that Crossbred Dairy Buffaloes Are More Thermotolerant than Holstein Cows under Chronic Heat Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12889-12897. [PMID: 30472851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) threatens the worldwide dairy industry by decreasing animal production performance and health. Holstein cows and dairy buffaloes are the most important dairy animals, but their differences in the metabolic mechanism of thermotolerance remain elusive. In this study, we used serum metabolomics to evaluate the differences in thermotolerance between Holstein cows and crossbred dairy buffaloes under chronic heat stress (HS) and thermal-neutral conditions. In response to HS, the body temperatures and respiratory rates were increased more for Holstein cows than for dairy buffaloes (38.78 vs 38.24 °C, p < 0.001; 43.6 vs 32.5 breaths/min, p < 0.001). HS greatly affected serum metabolites associated with amino acids, fatty acids, and bile acids. The enriched metabolic pathways of these serum metabolites are closely related to HS. We demonstrated that buffaloes adapt to HS by adopting a metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and ketogenic amino acids and gluconeogenesis, but Holstein cows decrease the effect of HS with citrulline and proline metabolism. Both physiological parameters and serum metabolic profiles indicate that dairy buffaloes are more thermotolerant than Holstein cows, providing the feasibility to vigorously develop the buffalo dairy industry in tropical and subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobing Gu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology , Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Lin Li
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology , Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Shoukun Tang
- Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine , Mangshi 678499 , China
| | - Chuanbin Liu
- Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine , Mangshi 678499 , China
| | - Xianhai Fu
- Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine , Mangshi 678499 , China
| | - Zhengxiang Shi
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Huaming Mao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology , Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Kunming 650201 , China
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24
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Daader AH, Al-Sagheer AA, Gabr HA, Abd El-Moniem EA. Alleviation of heat-stress-related physiological perturbations in growing rabbits using natural antioxidants. SPANISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 2018; 16:e0610. [DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2018163-13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study was performed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), betaine (BET), lemongrass essential oil (LGEO), gallic acid (GA), vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) on different body temperature traits and stress hormone and glucose levels in heat-stressed growing rabbits. Rabbits were fed diets with no supplementation (control group) or supplemented with 15 g of EVOO, 400 mg of LGEO, 500 mg of GA, 1000 mg of BET, 500 mg of VC, or 200 mg of VE per kg of diet. All tested feed additives, especially EVOO, had a lowering effect on various rabbit temperature traits. Both triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine/thyroxine (T4) were increased (p<0.05) by the addition of BET, VC, EVOO, and VE. With the exception of the VC group, all dietary groups showed no significant changes in the insulin level compared to the control group level. In contrast, the cortisol and glucose levels were diminished (p<0.05) in all treated groups compared to the control levels. The results suggested that all tested supplementations had positive ameliorating effects on growing rabbits under a severe heat load in terms of lowered body temperatures and a favourable stress hormone balance, with the most favourable results found in the EVOO, VC, and BET supplementation groups.
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25
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Ratriyanto A, Mosenthin R. Osmoregulatory function of betaine in alleviating heat stress in poultry. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1634-1650. [PMID: 30238641 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the osmoregulatory function of betaine and its effect in terms of alleviating heat stress in poultry. Poultry appear to be particularly sensitive to temperature-associated environmental challenges, especially heat stress. High ambient temperatures are deleterious to productive performance in poultry, including broilers, laying hens, quails and turkeys, resulting in considerable economic losses. Heat stress impairs overall poultry production by decreasing feed intake and negatively affecting intestinal development, leading to reduced nutrient digestibility. Apart from inducing a high mortality rate, heat stress is known to depress growth rate and reduce meat yield in broilers. In layers, lower feed intake impairs ovarian function, leading to decreased feed efficiency, egg production and egg quality. In addition, reduced immune functions, such as thyroid activity and antibody production, are evident in poultry exposed to heat stress. Heat stress increases the production of oxidants, causing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. Poultry respond physiologically and behaviourally when encountering the negative effects of heat stress, attempting to return the body to homeostasis. This requires energy at the expense of weight gain or egg production. Due to its zwitterionic structure, betaine has osmoprotective properties that aid in protecting intestinal cell proteins and enzymes from environmental stress, including high ambient temperature, thereby counteracting performance losses. Betaine also exerts an osmoregulatory role in cells, regulating water balance, and this results in more stable tissue metabolism. Inclusion of betaine in the diet may be beneficial for alleviating physical reactions to heat stress, as indicated by increases in nutrient digestibility. In broilers, betaine supplementation increases weight gain and breast muscle yield, while improving feed conversion. In layers, betaine supplementation improves egg production, egg quality traits and immune indices. In conclusion, due to its osmoregulatory functions, betaine plays an important role in alleviating heat stress in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Ratriyanto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rainer Mosenthin
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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26
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Bharati J, Dangi SS, Bag S, Maurya VP, Singh G, Kumar P, Sarkar M. Expression dynamics of HSP90 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms during heat stress acclimation in Tharparkar cattle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:1461-1469. [PMID: 28265771 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Six male Tharparkar cattle of 2-3 years old were selected for the study. After 15-day acclimation at thermoneutral zone (TNZ) in psychrometric chamber, animals were exposed at 42 °C for 6 h up to 23 days followed by 12 days of recovery period. Blood samples were collected during control period at TNZ (days 1, 5, and 12), after heat stress exposure (day 1, immediate heat stress acclimation (IHSA); days 2 to 10, short-term heat stress acclimation (STHSA); days 15 to 23, long-term heat stress acclimation (LTHSA); days 7 and 12, recovery period), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for RNA and protein extraction. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in PBMCs were determined by qPCR and western blot, respectively. Samples at TNZ were taken as control. The mRNA expression of HSP90, iNOS, and eNOS was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) on day 1 (ISHA) as compared to control, remained consistent during STHSA, again increased during LTHSA, and finally reduced to basal level during recovery period. The protein expression of HSP90, iNOS, and eNOS were akin to their transcript pattern. PBMC culture study was conducted to study transcriptional abundance of HSP90, iNOS, and eNOS at different temperature-time combinations. The present findings indicate that HSP90, iNOS, and eNOS could possibly play an important role in mitigating thermal insults and confer thermotolerance during long-term heat stress exposure in Tharparkar cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Bharati
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - S S Dangi
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - S Bag
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - G Singh
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - P Kumar
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - M Sarkar
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
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27
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Taye M, Lee W, Caetano-Anolles K, Dessie T, Hanotte O, Mwai OA, Kemp S, Cho S, Oh SJ, Lee HK, Kim H. Whole genome detection of signature of positive selection in African cattle reveals selection for thermotolerance. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1889-1901. [PMID: 28748670 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As African indigenous cattle evolved in a hot tropical climate, they have developed an inherent thermotolerance; survival mechanisms include a light-colored and shiny coat, increased sweating, and cellular and molecular mechanisms to cope with high environmental temperature. Here, we report the positive selection signature of genes in African cattle breeds which contribute for their heat tolerance mechanisms. We compared the genomes of five indigenous African cattle breeds with the genomes of four commercial cattle breeds using cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR) and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) statistical methods. We identified 296 (XP-EHH) and 327 (XP-CLR) positively selected genes. Gene ontology analysis resulted in 41 biological process terms and six Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Several genes and pathways were found to be involved in oxidative stress response, osmotic stress response, heat shock response, hair and skin properties, sweat gland development and sweating, feed intake and metabolism, and reproduction functions. The genes and pathways identified directly or indirectly contribute to the superior heat tolerance mechanisms in African cattle populations. The result will improve our understanding of the biological mechanisms of heat tolerance in African cattle breeds and opens an avenue for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistie Taye
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kelsey Caetano-Anolles
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,The University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, UK
| | - Okeyo Ally Mwai
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stephen Kemp
- The Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.,International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Seoae Cho
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jong Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, The Animal Molecular Genetics & Breeding Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,C&K genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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28
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Bharati J, Dangi SS, Chouhan VS, Mishra SR, Bharti MK, Verma V, Shankar O, Yadav VP, Das K, Paul A, Bag S, Maurya VP, Singh G, Kumar P, Sarkar M. Expression dynamics of HSP70 during chronic heat stress in Tharparkar cattle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:1017-1027. [PMID: 27995321 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Six male Tharparkar cattle aged 2-3 years were selected for the study. The animals were acclimatized in the psychrometric chamber at thermoneutral zone (TNZ) for 15 days and then exposed to 42 °C temperature up to 23 days followed by 12 days of recovery period. Physiological responses were estimated, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated at TNZ on day 1, day 5, and day 12; after 6 h of heat stress exposure on day 16 to day 20, day 25, day 30, day 32, day 34, day 36, and day 38; and a recovery period on day 45 and day 50. The PBMCs were cultured to study the effect of thermal challenge on HSP70 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression pattern at different temperature-time combinations. The mRNA and protein expression of HSP70 in PBMCs along with serum extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) was increased (P < 0.05) and showed two peaks on day 17 and day 32 (2nd and 17th days of thermal challenge, respectively). The HSP70 mRNA expression was increased (P < 0.05) in a temperature- and time-dependent manner in heat stress challenge treatment as compared to control in cultured PBMCs. HSP70 expression was found to be higher (P < 0.05) after 10 days of heat exposure (corresponds to chronic heat stress) as compared to the first 5 days of heat stress (corresponds to short-term heat stress) and control period at TNZ. The present findings indicate that HSP70 is possibly involved in heat stress adaptive response in Tharparkar cattle and the biphasic expression pattern may be providing a second window of protection during chronic heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Bharati
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - S S Dangi
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - V S Chouhan
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - S R Mishra
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - M K Bharti
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - V Verma
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - O Shankar
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - V P Yadav
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - K Das
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - A Paul
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - S Bag
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - G Singh
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - P Kumar
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - M Sarkar
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India.
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29
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Bharati J, Dangi S, Mishra S, Chouhan V, Verma V, Shankar O, Bharti M, Paul A, Mahato DK, Rajesh G, Singh G, Maurya V, Bag S, Kumar P, Sarkar M. Expression analysis of Toll like receptors and interleukins in Tharparkar cattle during acclimation to heat stress exposure. J Therm Biol 2017; 65:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Sheikh AA, Aggarwal A, B I, Aarif O. Inorganic zinc supplementation modulates heat shock and immune response in heat stressed peripheral blood mononuclear cells of periparturient dairy cows. Theriogenology 2017; 95:75-82. [PMID: 28460683 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermal stress in India is one of the major constraints affecting dairy cattle productivity. Every attempt should be made to ameliorate the heat and calving related stress in high producing dairy cows for higher economic returns. In the current study, inorganic zinc was tried to alleviate the adverse effects of thermal stress in periparturient cows. Twelve cows, six each of Sahiwal and Karan Fries (KF) in their second parity with confirmed pregnancy were chosen for the experiment. The blood samples were collected periparturiently on three occasions viz. -21, 0 and +21 days relative to calving. The in vitro study was conducted after isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from whole blood. The cultured PBMC were subjected to three different levels of exposures viz. 37°C as control, 42°C to induce thermal stress and 42°C + zinc to ameliorate the adverse effects of high temperature. Heat shock lead to a significant (P<0.05) rise in the level of heat shock proteins (HSP). HSP was more on the day of calving as well. KF showed more HSP concentration than Sahiwal breed indicating the heat bearing capacity of later. Zinc treatment to thermally stressed PBMC caused a fall in the HSP concentration in both the breeds during periparturient period. Moreover, heat stress increased significantly (P<0.05) the Interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentration which declined upon zinc supplementation to PBMC. IL-6 levels decreased periparturiently. Heat and calving related stress caused a fall in the IL-12 levels which increased significantly (P<0.05) with zinc supplementation. These findings suggest that zinc supplementation attenuates the HSP response and augments immunity in PBMC of periparturient dairy cows. The study could help to alleviate the heat stress and potentiate immunity by providing mineral supplements in periparturient dairy cattle habituating tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasif Ahmad Sheikh
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Indu B
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ovais Aarif
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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