1
|
Katirtzoglou A, Hansen SB, Sveier H, Martin MD, Brealey JC, Limborg MT. Genomic context determines the effect of DNA methylation on gene expression in the gut epithelium of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar). Epigenetics 2024; 19:2392049. [PMID: 39151124 PMCID: PMC11332636 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2392049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The canonical view of DNA methylation, a pivotal epigenetic regulation mechanism in eukaryotes, dictates its role as a suppressor of gene activity, particularly within promoter regions. However, this view is being challenged as it is becoming increasingly evident that the connection between DNA methylation and gene expression varies depending on the genomic location and is therefore more complex than initially thought. We examined DNA methylation levels in the gut epithelium of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, which we correlated with gene expression data from RNA sequencing of the same gut tissue sample (RNA-seq). Assuming epigenetic signals might be pronounced between distinctive phenotypes, we compared large and small fish, finding 22 significant associations between 22 differentially methylated regions and 21 genes. We did not detect significant methylation differences between large and small fish. However, we observed a consistent signal of methylation levels around the transcription start sites (TSS), being negatively correlated with the expression levels of those genes. We found both negative and positive associations of methylation levels with gene expression further upstream or downstream of the TSS, revealing a more unpredictable pattern. The 21 genes showing significant methylation-expression correlations were involved in biological processes related to salmon health, such as growth and immune responses. Deciphering how DNA methylation affects the expression of such genes holds great potential for future applications. For instance, our results suggest the importance of genomic context in targeting epigenetic modifications to improve the welfare of aquaculture species like Atlantic salmon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Katirtzoglou
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren B. Hansen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Michael D. Martin
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jaelle C. Brealey
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten T. Limborg
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muderrisoglu AE, Ciotkowska A, Rutz B, Hu S, Qian S, Tamalunas A, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. Dynamic phenotypic shifts and M2 receptor downregulation in bladder smooth muscle cells induced by mirabegron. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1446831. [PMID: 39114356 PMCID: PMC11303193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1446831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mirabegron is available for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). However, mechanisms underlying symptom improvements and long-term effects on bladder smooth muscle cells are uncertain. Contractility and growth of bladder smooth muscle contribute to OAB, and depend on smooth muscle phenotypes, and on muscarinic receptor expression. Here, we examined prolonged exposure to mirabegron (20-48 h) on phenotype markers, muscarinic receptor expression, and phenotype-dependent functions in human bladder smooth muscle cells (hBSMC). Methods Expression of markers for contractile (calponin, MYH11) and proliferative (MYH10, vimentin) phenotypes, proliferation (Ki-67), and of muscarinic receptors were assessed by RT-PCR. Proliferation, viability, actin organization and contractions in cultured hBSMC were examined by EdU, CCK-8, phalloidin staining and matrix contraction assays. Results Calponin-1 mRNA decreased with 100 nM and 150 nM mirabegron applied for 20 h (0.56-0.6 fold of controls). Decreases were resistant to the β3-AR antagonist L-748,337 (0.34-0.55 fold, 100-150 nM, 20 h). After 40 h, decreases occured in the presence of L-748,337, but not without L-748,337. MYH11 mRNA increased with 150 nM mirabegron (40 h, 1.9 fold). This was partly preserved with L-748,337, but not observed after 20 h mirabegron exposure. Vimentin mRNA reduced with 150 nM mirabegron after 20 h, but not after 40 h, with and without L-748,337 (0.71-0.63 fold). MYH10 mRNA expression remained unaffected by mirabegron. Exposure to 150 nM mirabegron increased Ki-67 mRNA after 20 h in the presence of, but not without L-748,337, and after 40 h without, but not with L-748,337. Proliferation rates and actin organization were stable with 50-150 nM mirabegron (24 h, 48 h). Viability increased significantly after mirabegron exposure for 20 h, and by trend after 40 h, which was fully sensitive to L-748,337. M2 mRNA was reduced by 20 h mirabegron, which was resistant to L-748,337. Carbachol (3 µM) enhanced time-dependent contractions of hBSMC, which was inhibited by mirabegron (150 nM) in late phases (24 h), but not in early phases of contractions. Conclusion: Mirabegron induces dynamic phenotype alterations and M2 downregulation in hBSMC, which is paralleled by time-shifted anticontractile effects. Phenotype transitions may be involved in improvements of storage symptoms in OAB by mirabegron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Muderrisoglu
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - A. Ciotkowska
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B. Rutz
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Hu
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Qian
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Tamalunas
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C. G. Stief
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Hennenberg
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silvestri R, Zallocco L, Corrado A, Ronci M, Aceto R, Ricci B, Cipollini M, Dell’Anno I, De Simone C, De Marco G, Ferrarini E, Beghelli D, Mazzoni MR, Lucacchini A, Gemignani F, Giusti L, Landi S. Polymorphism Pro64His within galectin-3 has functional consequences at proteome level in thyroid cells. Front Genet 2024; 15:1380495. [PMID: 38933925 PMCID: PMC11199678 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1380495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4644 at codon 64 of galectin-3 (gal-3, gene name: LGALS3), specifying the variant proline (P64) to histidine (H64), is known to affect the protein's functions and has been associated with the risk of several types of cancer, including differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Materials and methods To deepen our understanding of the biological effects of this SNP, we analyzed the proteome of two isogenic cell lines (NC-P64 vs. NA-H64) derived from the immortalized non-malignant thyrocyte cell line Nthy-Ori, generated through the CRISPR-Cas9 technique to differ by rs4644 genotype. We compared the proteome of these cells to detect differentially expressed proteins and studied their proteome in relation to their transcriptome. Results Firstly, we found, consistently with previous studies, that gal-3-H64 could be detected as a monomer, homodimer, and heterodimer composed of one cleaved and one uncleaved monomer, whereas gal-3-P64 could be found only as a monomer or uncleaved homodimer. Moreover, results indicate that rs4644 influences the expression of several proteins, predominantly upregulated in NA-H64 cells. Overall, the differential protein expression could be attributed to the altered mRNA expression, suggesting that rs4644 shapes the function of gal-3 as a transcriptional co-regulator. However, this SNP also appeared to affect post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for proteins whose expression was oppositely regulated compared to mRNA expression. It is conceivable that the rs4644-dependent activities of gal-3 could be ascribed to the different modalities of self-dimerization. Conclusion Our study provided further evidence that rs4644 could affect the gal-3 functions through several routes, which could be at the base of differential susceptibility to diseases, as reported in case-control association studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Silvestri
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alda Corrado
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G.D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- COIIM, Interuniversitary Consortium for Engineering and Medicine, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Romina Aceto
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Ricci
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Cipollini
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Dell’Anno
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara De Simone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G.D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Marco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferrarini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karcini A, Mercier NR, Lazar IM. Proteomic Assessment of SKBR3/HER2+ Breast Cancer Cellular Response to Lapatinib and Investigational Ipatasertib Kinase Inhibitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587656. [PMID: 38617302 PMCID: PMC11014527 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Modern cancer treatment approaches aim at achieving cancer remission by using targeted and personalized therapies, as well as harnessing the power of the immune system to recognize and eliminate the cancer cells. To overcome a relatively short-lived response due to the development of resistance to the administered drugs, combination therapies have been pursued, as well. To expand the outlook of combination therapies, the objective of this study was to use high-throughput data generation technologies such as mass spectrometry and proteomics to investigate the response of HER2+ breast cancer cells to a mixture of two kinase inhibitors that has not been adopted yet as a standard treatment regime. The broader landscape of biological processes that are affected by inhibiting two major pathways that sustain the growth and survival of cancer cells, i.e., EGFR and PI3K/AKT, was investigated by treating SKBR3/HER2+ breast cancer cells with Lapatinib or a mixture of Lapatinib/Ipatasertib small molecule drugs. Changes in protein expression and/or activity in response to the drug treatments were assessed by using two complementary quantitative proteomic approaches based on peak area and peptide spectrum match measurements. Over 900 proteins matched by three unique peptide sequences (FDR<0.05) were affected by the exposure of cells to the drugs. The work corroborated the anti-proliferative activity of Lapatinib and Ipatasertib, and, in addition to cell cycle and growth arrest processes enabled the identification of several multi-functional proteins with roles in cancer-supportive hallmark processes. Among these, immune response, adhesion and migration emerged as particularly relevant to the ability to effectively suppress the proliferation and dissemination of cancer cells. The supplementation of Lapatinib with Ipatasertib further affected the expression or activity of additional transcription factors and proteins involved in gene expression, trafficking, DNA repair, and development of multidrug resistance. Furthermore, over fifty of the affected proteins represented approved or investigational targets in the DrugBank database, which through their protein-protein interaction networks can inform the selection of effective therapeutic partners. Altogether, our findings exposed a broad plethora of yet untapped opportunities that can be further explored for enhancing the anti-cancer effects of each drug as well as of many other multi-drug therapies that target the EGFR/ERBB2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD051094.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arba Karcini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Nicole R. Mercier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Iulia M. Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Division of Systems Biology, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leong E, Al-Bitar H, Marshall JS, Bezuhly M. Ketotifen directly modifies the fibrotic response of human skin fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7076. [PMID: 38528089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a destructive, end-stage disease process. In the skin, it is associated with systemic sclerosis and scarring with considerable health burden. Ketotifen is a clinical antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. Studies have demonstrated mast cell-dependent anti-fibrotic effects of ketotifen but direct effects on fibroblasts have not been determined. Human dermal fibroblasts were treated with pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ) followed by ketotifen or control treatments to determine direct effects on fibrotic fibroblasts. Ketotifen impaired TGFβ-induced α-smooth muscle actin gene and protein responses and decreased cytoskeletal- and contractility-associated gene responses associated with fibrosis. Ketotifen reduced Yes-associated protein phosphorylation, transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif transcript and protein levels, and phosphorylation of protein kinase B. In a fibroblast-populated collagen gel contraction assay, ketotifen reduced the contractile activity of TGFβ-activated fibroblasts. In a murine model of bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis, collagen density and dermal thickness were significantly decreased in ketotifen-treated mice supporting in vitro findings. These results support a novel, direct anti-fibrotic activity of ketotifen, reducing pro-fibrotic phenotypic changes in fibroblasts and reducing collagen fibres in fibrotic mouse skin. Together, these findings suggest novel therapeutic potential and a novel mechanism of action for ketotifen in the context of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Leong
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Haya Al-Bitar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jean S Marshall
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Canada.
| | - Michael Bezuhly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Canada.
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, PO Box 9700, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li C, Qin T, Zhao J, Jin Y, Qin Y, He R, Wu T, Duan C, Jiang L, Yuan F, Lu H, Cao Y, Hu J. Kdm6a-CNN1 axis orchestrates epigenetic control of trauma-induced spinal cord microvascular endothelial cell senescence to balance neuroinflammation for improved neurological repair. Bone Res 2024; 12:19. [PMID: 38528029 PMCID: PMC10963366 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence assumes pivotal roles in various diseases through the secretion of proinflammatory factors. Despite extensive investigations into vascular senescence associated with aging and degenerative diseases, the molecular mechanisms governing microvascular endothelial cell senescence induced by traumatic stress, particularly its involvement in senescence-induced inflammation, remain insufficiently elucidated. In this study, we present a comprehensive demonstration and characterization of microvascular endothelial cell senescence induced by spinal cord injury (SCI). Lysine demethylase 6A (Kdm6a), commonly known as UTX, emerges as a crucial regulator of cell senescence in injured spinal cord microvascular endothelial cells (SCMECs). Upregulation of UTX induces senescence in SCMECs, leading to an amplified release of proinflammatory factors, specifically the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components, thereby modulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Conversely, the deletion of UTX in endothelial cells shields SCMECs against senescence, mitigates the release of proinflammatory SASP factors, and promotes neurological functional recovery after SCI. UTX forms an epigenetic regulatory axis by binding to calponin 1 (CNN1), orchestrating trauma-induced SCMECs senescence and SASP secretion, thereby influencing neuroinflammation and neurological functional repair. Furthermore, local delivery of a senolytic drug reduces senescent SCMECs and suppresses proinflammatory SASP secretion, reinstating a local regenerative microenvironment and enhancing functional repair after SCI. In conclusion, targeting the UTX-CNN1 epigenetic axis to prevent trauma-induced SCMECs senescence holds the potential to inhibit SASP secretion, alleviate neuroinflammation, and provide a novel treatment strategy for SCI repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jinyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Rundong He
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Feifei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Verma H, Kaur S, Kaur S, Gangwar P, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. Role of Cytoskeletal Elements in Regulation of Synaptic Functions: Implications Toward Alzheimer's Disease and Phytochemicals-Based Interventions. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04053-3. [PMID: 38491338 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multifactorial disease, is characterized by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. AD is triggered via several factors like alteration in cytoskeletal proteins, a mutation in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the cytoskeletal elements. Owing to the major structural and functional role of cytoskeletal elements, like the organization of axon initial segmentation, dendritic spines, synaptic regulation, and delivery of cargo at the synapse; modulation of these elements plays an important role in AD pathogenesis; like Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that stabilizes the microtubules, and it also causes inhibition of nucleo-cytoplasmic transportation by disrupting the integrity of nuclear pore complex. One of the major cytoskeletal elements, actin and its dynamics, regulate the dendritic spine structure and functions; impairments have been documented towards learning and memory defects. The second major constituent of these cytoskeletal elements, microtubules, are necessary for the delivery of the cargo, like ion channels and receptors at the synaptic membranes, whereas actin-binding protein, i.e., Cofilin's activation form rod-like structures, is involved in the formation of paired helical filaments (PHFs) observed in AD. Also, the glial cells rely on their cytoskeleton to maintain synaptic functionality. Thus, making cytoskeletal elements and their regulation in synaptic structure and function as an important aspect to be focused for better management and targeting AD pathology. This review advocates exploring phytochemicals and Ayurvedic plant extracts against AD by elucidating their neuroprotective mechanisms involving cytoskeletal modulation and enhancing synaptic plasticity. However, challenges include their limited bioavailability due to the poor solubility and the limited potential to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), emphasizing the need for targeted strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harkomal Verma
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Sharanjot Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhchain Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhakar Gangwar
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mantha
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rasmussen M, Jin JP. Mechanoregulation and function of calponin and transgelin. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:011302. [PMID: 38515654 PMCID: PMC10954348 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that chemical energy can be converted to mechanical force in biological systems by motor proteins such as myosin ATPase. It is also broadly observed that constant/static mechanical signals potently induce cellular responses. However, the mechanisms that cells sense and convert the mechanical force into biochemical signals are not well understood. Calponin and transgelin are a family of homologous proteins that participate in the regulation of actin-activated myosin motor activity. An isoform of calponin, calponin 2, has been shown to regulate cytoskeleton-based cell motility functions under mechanical signaling. The expression of the calponin 2 gene and the turnover of calponin 2 protein are both under mechanoregulation. The regulation and function of calponin 2 has physiological and pathological significance, as shown in platelet adhesion, inflammatory arthritis, arterial atherosclerosis, calcific aortic valve disease, post-surgical fibrotic peritoneal adhesion, chronic proteinuria, ovarian insufficiency, and tumor metastasis. The levels of calponin 2 vary in different cell types, reflecting adaptations to specific tissue environments and functional states. The present review focuses on the mechanoregulation of calponin and transgelin family proteins to explore how cells sense steady tension and convert the force signal to biochemical activities. Our objective is to present a current knowledge basis for further investigations to establish the function and mechanisms of calponin and transgelin in cellular mechanoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rasmussen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
| | - J.-P. Jin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mao A, Zhang K, Kan H, Gao M, Wang Z, Zhou T, Shao J, He D. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Coronary Heterogeneity and Identifies CD133 +TRPV4 high Endothelial Subpopulation in Regulating Flow-Induced Vascular Tone in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:653-665. [PMID: 38269590 PMCID: PMC10880935 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis can determine the heterogeneity of cells between different tissues at a single-cell level. Coronary artery endothelial cells (ECs) are important to coronary blood flow. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of coronary artery ECs, and cellular identity responses to flow. Identifying endothelial subpopulations will contribute to the precise localization of vascular endothelial subpopulations, thus enabling the precision of vascular injury treatment. METHODS Here, we performed a single-cell RNA sequencing of 31 962 cells and functional assays of 3 branches of the coronary arteries (right coronary artery/circumflex left coronary artery/anterior descending left coronary artery) in wild-type mice. RESULTS We found a compendium of 7 distinct cell types in mouse coronary arteries, mainly ECs, granulocytes, cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, myeloid cells, and fibroblast cells, and showed spatial heterogeneity between arterial branches. Furthermore, we revealed a subpopulation of coronary artery ECs, CD133+TRPV4high ECs. TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) in CD133+TRPV4high ECs is important for regulating vasodilation and coronary blood flow. CONCLUSIONS Our study elucidates the nature and range of coronary arterial cell diversity and highlights the importance of coronary CD133+TRPV4high ECs in regulating coronary vascular tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Mao
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
- School of Food Science and Technology (A.M., D.H.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Ka Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Hao Kan
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Mengru Gao
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Dongxu He
- School of Food Science and Technology (A.M., D.H.), Jiangnan University, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hsieh TB, Jin JP. Loss of Calponin 2 causes premature ovarian insufficiency in mice. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:37. [PMID: 38336796 PMCID: PMC10854048 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition defined as women developing menopause before 40 years old. These patients display low ovarian reserve at young age and difficulties to conceive even with assisted reproductive technology. The pathogenesis of ovarian insufficiency is not fully understood. Genetic factors may underlie most of the cases. Actin cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in ovarian folliculogenesis. Calponin 2 encoded by the Cnn2 gene is an actin associated protein that regulates motility and mechanical signaling related cellular functions. RESULTS The present study compared breeding of age-matched calponin 2 knockout (Cnn2-KO) and wild type (WT) mice and found that Cnn2-KO mothers had significantly smaller litter sizes. Ovaries from 4 weeks old Cnn2-KO mice showed significantly lower numbers of total ovarian follicles than WT control with the presence of multi-oocyte follicles. Cnn2-KO mice also showed age-progressive earlier depletion of ovarian follicles. Cnn2 expression is detected in the cumulus cells of the ovarian follicles of WT mice and colocalizes with actin stress fiber, tropomyosin and myosin II in primary cultures of cumulus cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that the loss of calponin 2 impairs ovarian folliculogenesis with premature depletion of ovarian follicles. The role of calponin 2 in ovarian granulosa cells suggests a molecular target for further investigations on the pathogenesis of POI and for therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Bou Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Jin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ono S. Segregated localization of two calponin-related proteins within sarcomeric thin filaments in Caenorhabditis elegans striated muscle. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:127-140. [PMID: 37792405 PMCID: PMC11249056 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The calponin family proteins are expressed in both muscle and non-muscle cells and involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell contractility. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, UNC-87 and CLIK-1 are calponin-related proteins with 42% identical amino acid sequences containing seven calponin-like motifs. Genetic studies demonstrated that UNC-87 and CLIK-1 have partially redundant function in regulating actin cytoskeletal organization in striated and non-striated muscle cells. However, biochemical studies showed that UNC-87 and CLIK-1 are different in their ability to bundle actin filaments. In this study, I extended comparison between UNC-87 and CLIK-1 and found additional differences in vitro and in vivo. Although UNC-87 and CLIK-1 bound to actin filaments similarly, UNC-87, but not CLIK-1, bound to myosin and inhibited actomyosin ATPase in vitro. In striated muscle, UNC-87 and CLIK-1 were segregated into different subregions within sarcomeric actin filaments. CLIK-1 was concentrated near the actin pointed ends, whereas UNC-87 was enriched toward the actin barbed ends. Restricted localization of UNC-87 was not altered in a clik-1-null mutant, suggesting that their segregated localization is not due to competition between the two related proteins. These results suggest that the two calponin-related proteins have both common and distinct roles in regulating actin filaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Ono
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kajuluri LP, Lyu QR, Doja J, Kumar A, Wilson MP, Sgrizzi SR, Rezaeimanesh E, Miano JM, Morgan KG. Calponin 1 inhibits agonist-induced ERK activation and decreases calcium sensitization in vascular smooth muscle. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18025. [PMID: 38147352 PMCID: PMC10805486 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) contraction and vascular tone are modulated by phosphorylation and multiple modifications of the thick filament, and thin filament regulation of SMC contraction has been reported to involve extracellular regulated kinase (ERK). Previous studies in ferrets suggest that the actin-binding protein, calponin 1 (CNN1), acts as a scaffold linking protein kinase C (PKC), Raf, MEK and ERK, promoting PKC-dependent ERK activation. To gain further insight into this function of CNN1 in ERK activation and the regulation of SMC contractility in mice, we generated a novel Calponin 1 knockout mouse (Cnn1 KO) by a single base substitution in an intronic CArG box that preferentially abolishes expression of CNN1 in vascular SMCs. Using this new Cnn1 KO mouse, we show that ablation of CNN1 has two effects, depending on the cytosolic free calcium level: (1) in the presence of elevated intracellular calcium caused by agonist stimulation, Cnn1 KO mice display a reduced amplitude of stress and stiffness but an increase in agonist-induced ERK activation; and (2) during intracellular calcium depletion, in the presence of an agonist, Cnn1 KO mice exhibit increased duration of SM tone maintenance. Together, these results suggest that CNN1 plays an important and complex modulatory role in SMC contractile tone amplitude and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lova Prasadareddy Kajuluri
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Cardiovascular Research CenterMassachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Qing Rex Lyu
- Vascular Biology CenterMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
- Medical Research CenterChongqing General HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Jaser Doja
- Vascular Biology CenterMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Vascular Biology CenterMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Samantha R. Sgrizzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Elika Rezaeimanesh
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joseph M. Miano
- Vascular Biology CenterMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Kathleen G. Morgan
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou LY, Jin CX, Wang WX, Song L, Shin JB, Du TT, Wu H. Differential regulation of hair cell actin cytoskeleton mediated by SRF and MRTFB. eLife 2023; 12:e90155. [PMID: 37982489 PMCID: PMC10703445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The MRTF-SRF pathway has been extensively studied for its crucial role in driving the expression of a large number of genes involved in actin cytoskeleton of various cell types. However, the specific contribution of MRTF-SRF in hair cells remains unknown. In this study, we showed that hair cell-specific deletion of Srf or Mrtfb, but not Mrtfa, leads to similar defects in the development of stereocilia dimensions and the maintenance of cuticular plate integrity. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based hair cell RNA-Seq analysis to investigate the mechanistic underpinnings of the changes observed in Srf and Mrtfb mutants, respectively. Interestingly, the transcriptome analysis revealed distinct profiles of genes regulated by Srf and Mrtfb, suggesting different transcriptional regulation mechanisms of actin cytoskeleton activities mediated by Srf and Mrtfb. Exogenous delivery of calponin 2 using Adeno-associated virus transduction in Srf mutants partially rescued the impairments of stereocilia dimensions and the F-actin intensity of cuticular plate, suggesting the involvement of Cnn2, as an Srf downstream target, in regulating the hair bundle morphology and cuticular plate actin cytoskeleton organization. Our study uncovers, for the first time, the unexpected differential transcriptional regulation of actin cytoskeleton mediated by Srf and Mrtfb in hair cells, and also demonstrates the critical role of SRF-CNN2 in modulating actin dynamics of the stereocilia and cuticular plate, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying hair cell development and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Chen-Xi Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Wen-Xiao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Jung-Bum Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Ting-Ting Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gui Y, Palanza Z, Gupta P, Li H, Pan Y, Wang Y, Hargis G, Kreutzer DL, Wang Y, Bastacky SI, Liu Y, Liu S, Zhou D. Calponin 2 regulates ketogenesis to mitigate acute kidney injury. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170521. [PMID: 37751293 PMCID: PMC10721266 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Calponin 2 (CNN2) is a prominent actin stabilizer. It regulates fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by interacting with estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) to determine kidney fibrosis. However, whether CNN2 is actively involved in acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. Here, we report that CNN2 was induced in human and animal kidneys after AKI. Knockdown of CNN2 preserved kidney function, mitigated tubular cell death and inflammation, and promoted cell proliferation. Distinct from kidney fibrosis, proteomics showed that the key elements in the FAO pathway had few changes during AKI, but we identified that 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (Hmgcs2), a rate-limiting enzyme of endogenous ketogenesis that promotes cell self-renewal, was markedly increased in CNN2-knockdown kidneys. The production of ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate and ATP was increased in CNN2-knockdown mice. Mechanistically, CNN2 interacted with ESR2 to negatively regulate the activities of mitochondrial sirtuin 5. Activated sirtuin 5 subsequently desuccinylated Hmgcs2 to produce energy for mitigating AKI. Understanding CNN2-mediated discrete fine-tuning of protein posttranslational modification is critical to optimize organ performance after AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gui
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zachary Palanza
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Priya Gupta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hanwen Li
- Departments Statistics, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuchen Pan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Geneva Hargis
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Donald L. Kreutzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sheldon I. Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute and
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mierzejewski B, Pulik Ł, Grabowska I, Sibilska A, Ciemerych MA, Łęgosz P, Brzoska E. Coding and noncoding RNA profile of human heterotopic ossifications - Risk factors and biomarkers. Bone 2023; 176:116883. [PMID: 37597797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) means the formation of bone in muscles and soft tissues, such as ligaments or tendons. HO could have a genetic history or develop after a traumatic event, as a result of muscle injury, fractures, burns, surgery, or neurological disorders. Many lines of evidence suggest that the formation of HO is related to the pathological differentiation of stem or progenitor cells present within soft tissues or mobilized from the bone marrow. The cells responsible for the initiation and progression of HO are generally called HO precursor cells. The exact mechanisms behind the development of HO are not fully understood. However, several factors have been identified as potential contributors. For example, local tissue injury and inflammation disturb soft tissue homeostasis. Inflammatory cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation of HO precursor cells. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is one of the main factors involved in the development of HO. In this study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and RT-qPCR were performed to analyze the differences in mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA expression profiles between muscles, control bone samples, and HO samples coming from patients who underwent total hip replacement (THR). As a result, crucial changes in the level of gene expression between HO and healthy tissues were identified. The bioinformatic analysis allowed to describe the processes most severely impacted, as well as genes which level differed the most significantly between HO and control samples. Our analysis showed that the level of transcripts involved in leukocyte migration, differentiation, and activation, as well as markers of chronic inflammatory diseases, that is, miR-148, increased in HO, as compared to muscle. Furthermore, the levels of miR-195 and miR-143, which are involved in angiogenesis, were up-regulated in HO, as compared to bone. Thus, we suggested that inflammation and angiogenesis play an important role in HO formation. Importantly, we noticed that HO is characterized by a higher level of TLR3 expression, compared to muscle and bone. Thus, we suggest that infection may also be a risk factor in HO development. Furthermore, an increased level of transcripts coding proteins involved in osteogenesis and signaling pathways, such as ALPL, SP7, BGLAP, BMP8A, BMP8B, SMPD3 was noticed in HO, as compared to muscles. Interestingly, miR-99b, miR-146, miR-204, and LINC00320 were up-regulated in HO, comparing to muscles and bone. Therefore, we suggested that these molecules could be important biomarkers of HO formation and a potential target for therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Mierzejewski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pulik
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindley 4 St, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sibilska
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindley 4 St, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Anna Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Łęgosz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindley 4 St, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Brzoska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Garg D, Fisher SA. Bioinformatic analysis of smoothelin family members supports tissue-specific functions of unique C-terminal calponin homology domains. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15844. [PMID: 37960982 PMCID: PMC10643981 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoothelins are cytoskeletal proteins with a single C-terminal calponin homology domain type 2 (CHD2). Little is known about the significance of variation in SMTN CHD2 domains, addressed here through analysis of public databases. A conserved 152 nt penultimate constitutive exon present in all SMTNs encodes helices II-IV of CHD2 with high identity (nt/aa 63/65%). Variable CHD2s of SMTN (helices IV-VI) are generated by alternative splicing of 165 nt exon E20. E20 and the CHD2 it encodes have high homology with the terminal constitutive exon of SMTNL1 (E8; nt/aa 72/75% identity). Unique to these CHD2 variants are a conserved extended nine amino acid C-terminal tail containing KTKK ubiquitination motifs. When E20 of SMTN is skipped (SMTN E20-), constitutive terminal E21 codes for helices IV-VI of CHD2. SMTN E21 has high identity with the terminal exon of SMTNL2 (E8; nt/aa 75/81% identity of aligned sequences) except for coding for a unique extended C-terminus (24 nt; 8aa) conserved only in mammals. SMTN isoform expression is tissue-specific: SMTNE20- and SMTNE20+ are highly expressed in SMC and non-muscle cells, respectively, while SMTNL1 + 2 are highly expressed in skeletal muscle cells. Tissue-specific expression of SMTN CHD2s with unique helices IV-VI suggest tissue-specific functions that require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Garg
- Marriotts Ridge High SchoolBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Steven A. Fisher
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and PhysiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nishimura Y, Ono M, Okubo N, Sone T, Higashino M, Matsumoto S, Kubo M, Yamamoto K, Ono S, Ohnishi S, Sakamoto N. Application of polyglycolic acid sheets and basic fibroblast growth factor to prevent esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection in pigs. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1094-1104. [PMID: 37635203 PMCID: PMC10590298 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been the first-line treatment for early-stage esophageal cancer. However, it often causes postoperative stricture in cases requiring wide dissection. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) reportedly has anti-scarring effects during cutaneous wound healing. We hypothesized that suppressing myofibroblast activation will prevent stricture after esophageal ESD. METHODS We resected a complete porcine esophagus circumference section by ESD. To investigate the preventive effect of bFGF on esophageal stricture formation after ESD, we endoscopically applied bFGF-soaked poly-glycolic acid (PGA) sheets onto the wound bed after ESD and fixed them by spraying fibrin glue (PGA + bFGF group), PGA sheets alone onto the wound bed and fixed them by spraying fibrin glue (PGA group), or nothing (control group). After removing the esophagus on day 22, we evaluated the mucosal constriction rate. RESULTS Compared with those in the control group, esophageal stricture was significantly reduced in the PGA + bFGF group, and the areas stained with α-SMA and calponin-1 antibodies were significantly inhibited in the PGA + bFGF and PGA groups. The thickness of the fibrous layer in the PGA + bFGF group was uniform compared to that of the other groups. Thus, PGA + bFGF inhibited the development of unregulated fibroblasts in the acute phase, leading to uniform wound healing. CONCLUSIONS Stenosis after esophageal ESD is related to fibrosis in the acute phase. Administration of PGA and bFGF suppresses myofibroblast activation in the acute phase, thereby preventing esophageal constriction in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan.
| | - Naoto Okubo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sone
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Masayuki Higashino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Shogo Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Marina Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoko Ono
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tarnick J, Elhendawi M, Holland I, Chang Z, Davies JA. Innervation of the developing kidney in vivo and in vitro. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060001. [PMID: 37439314 PMCID: PMC10411870 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the adult kidney, renal neurites can be observed alongside the arteries where they play a role in regulating blood flow. However, their role and localization during development has so far not been described in detail. In other tissues, such as the skin of developing limb buds, neurons play an important role during arterial differentiation. Here, we aim to investigate whether renal nerves could potentially carry out a similar role during arterial development in the mouse kidney. In order to do so, we used whole-mount immunofluorescence staining to identify whether the timing of neuronal innervation correlates with the recruitment of arterial smooth muscle cells. Our results show that neurites innervate the kidney between day 13.5 and 14.5 of development, arriving after the recruitment of smooth muscle actin-positive cells to the renal arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tarnick
- Deanery of Biomedical Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Mona Elhendawi
- Deanery of Biomedical Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Ian Holland
- Deanery of Biomedical Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Ziyuan Chang
- Deanery of Biomedical Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jamie A. Davies
- Deanery of Biomedical Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kulus J, Kranc W, Kulus M, Dzięgiel P, Bukowska D, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Antosik P. Expression of genes regulating cell division in porcine follicular granulosa cells. Cell Div 2023; 18:12. [PMID: 37550786 PMCID: PMC10408085 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-023-00094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell cycle regulation influences the proliferation of granulosa cells and affects many processes related to ovarian folliclular growth and ovulation. Abnormal regulation of the cell cycle can lead to many diseases within the ovary. The aim of this study was to describe the expression profile of genes within granulosa cells, which are related to the formation of the cytoskeleton, organization of cell organelles inside the cell, and regulation of cell division. Established in vitro primary cultures from porcine ovarian follicle granulosa cells were maintained for 48, 96, 144 h and evaluated via microarray expression analysis. RESULTS Analyzed genes were assigned to 12 gene ontology groups "actin cytoskeleton organization", "actin filament organization", "actin filament-based process", "cell-matrix adhesion", "cell-substrate adhesion", "chromosome segregation", "chromosome separation", "cytoskeleton organization", "DNA integrity checkpoint", "DNA replication initiation", "organelle fision", "organelle organization". Among the genes with significantly changed expression, those whose role in processes within the ovary are selected for consideration. Genes with increased expression include (ITGA11, CNN1, CCl2, TPM2, ACTN1, VCAM-1, COL3A1, GSN, FRMD6, PLK2). Genes with reduced expression inlcude (KIF14, TACC3, ESPL1, CDC45, TTK, CDC20, CDK1, FBXO5, NEK2-NIMA, CCNE2). For the results obtained by microarray expressions, quantitative validation by RT-qPCR was performed. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated expression profile of genes, which can be considered as new molecular markers of cellular processes involved in signaling, cell structure organization. The expression profile of selected genes brings new insight into regulation of physiological processes in porcine follicular granulosa cells during primary in vitro culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kulus
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Weiner L, Brissette JL. Finding meaning in chaos: a selection signature for functional interactions and its use in molecular biology. FEBS J 2023; 290:3914-3927. [PMID: 35653424 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A primary goal of biomedical research is to elucidate molecular mechanisms, particularly those responsible for human traits, either normal or pathological. Yet achieving this goal is difficult if not impossible when the traits of interest lack tractable models and so cannot be dissected through time-honoured approaches like forward genetics or reconstitution. Arguably, no biological problem has hindered scientific progress more than this: the inability to dissect a trait's mechanism without a tractable likeness of the trait. At root, forward genetics and reconstitution are powerful approaches because they assay for specific molecular functions. Here, we discuss an alternative way to uncover important mechanistic interactions, namely, to assay for positive natural selection. If an interaction has been selected for, then it must perform an important function, a function that significantly promotes reproductive success. Accordingly, selection is a consequence and indicator of function, and uncovering multimolecular selection will reveal important functional interactions. We propose a selection signature for interactions and review recent selection-based approaches through which to dissect traits that are not inherently tractable. The review includes proof-of-principle studies in which important interactions were uncovered by screening for selection. In sum, screens for selection appear feasible when screens for specific functions are not. Selection screens thus constitute a novel tool through which to reveal the mechanisms that shape the fates of organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorin Weiner
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Janice L Brissette
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
He J, Yang X, Zhang C, Li A, Wang W, Xing J, E J, Xu X, Wang H, Yu E, Shi D, Wang H. CNN2 silencing inhibits colorectal cancer development through promoting ubiquitination of EGR1. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201639. [PMID: 37188478 PMCID: PMC10185810 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors of the digestive tract. H2-calponin (CNN2), an actin cytoskeleton-binding protein, is an isoform of the calponin protein family whose role in CRC is still unknown. Research based on clinical samples showed the up-regulation of CNN2 in CRC and its association with tumor development, metastasis, and poor prognosis of patients. Both in vitro loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments showed that CNN2 participates in CRC development through influencing malignant cell phenotypes. In vivo, xenografts formed by CNN2 knockdown cells also showed a slower growth rate and smaller final tumors. Furthermore, EGR1 was identified as a downstream of CNN2, forming a complex with CNN2 and YAP1 and playing an essential role in the CNN2-induced regulation of CRC development. Mechanistically, CNN2 knockdown down-regulated EGR1 expression through enhancing its ubiquitination, thus decreasing its protein stability in a YAP1-dependent manner. In summary, CNN2 plays an EGR1-dependent promotion role in the development and progression of CRC, which may be a promising therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghu He
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuansen Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifu E
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enda Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Debing Shi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cerri F, Araujo MDS, Aguirre ADAR, Evaristo GPC, Evaristo JAM, Nogueira FCS, de Medeiros JF, Dias QM. Crude saliva of Amblyomma cajennense sensu stricto (Acari: Ixodidae) reduces locomotor activity and increases the hemocyte number in the females of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Exp Parasitol 2023:108570. [PMID: 37330106 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti are vector insects of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. All available vector control methods have limited efficacy, highlighting the urgent need to find alternative ones. Evidence shows that arachnids like ticks are sources of biologically active compounds. Moreover, chemical modulation of the locomotor and immune systems of vector insects can be used to control arbovirus transmission. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of crude saliva of female Amblyomma cajennense sensu stricto (s.s.) ticks in reducing locomotor activity and inducing an immune response in Ae. aegypti females. Additionally, the study evaluated the protein constitution of tick saliva. For this purpose, the crude saliva obtained from several semi-engorged A. cajennense females was used. A volume of 0.2 nL of crude tick saliva was administered to mosquitoes by direct intrathoracic microinjection. The effect of the tick's saliva on the locomotor activity of the mosquito was observed using Flybox, a video-automated monitoring system, and the hemolymph hemocyte levels were quantified by reading slides under a light microscope. The protein concentration of the crude tick saliva was 1.27 μg/μL, and its electrophoretic profile indicates the presence of proteins with a molecular weight ranging between ∼17 and 95 kDa. Microplusins, ixodegrins, cystatin, actins, beta-actin, calponin, albumin, alpha-globulins, and hemoglobin were the main proteins identified by proteomics in the saliva of A. cajennense. The microinjected saliva had low toxicity for Ae. aegypti females and significantly reduced their locomotor activity, especially in the transition between the light and dark phases. The crude tick saliva did not change the period and rhythmicity of the circadian cycle. The tick saliva significantly increased the number of hemocytes two days after injection and reduced it after five days. These results suggest that further evaluation of the biological properties of tick saliva proteins against Ae. aegypti would be of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Cerri
- Laboratório de Neuro e Imunofarmacologia (NIMFAR) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Rondônia) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Rondônia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, (PGBIOEXP), Brazil
| | - Maisa da Silva Araujo
- Laboratório de Entomologia/Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Rondônia) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - André de Abreu Rangel Aguirre
- Laboratório de Entomologia/Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Rondônia) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Joseph Albert Medeiros Evaristo
- Laboratório de Proteômica, LADETEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Laboratório de Proteômica, LADETEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes de Medeiros
- Universidade Federal de Rondônia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, (PGBIOEXP), Brazil; Laboratório de Entomologia/Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Rondônia) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Quintino Moura Dias
- Laboratório de Neuro e Imunofarmacologia (NIMFAR) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Rondônia) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação (INCT - NIM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Rondônia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, (PGBIOEXP), Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hsieh TB, Jin JP. Evolution and function of calponin and transgelin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1206147. [PMID: 37363722 PMCID: PMC10285543 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1206147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calponin and transgelin (originally named SM22) are homologous cytoskeleton proteins that regulate actin-activated myosin motor functions in smooth muscle contraction and non-muscle cell motility during adhesion, migration, proliferation, phagocytosis, wound healing, and inflammatory responses. They are abundant cytoskeleton proteins present in multiple cell types whereas their physiological functions remain to be fully established. This focused review summarizes the evolution of genes encoding calponin and transgelin and their isoforms and discusses the structural similarity and divergence in vertebrate and invertebrate species in the context of functions in regulating cell motility. As the first literature review focusing on the evolution of the calponin-transgelin family of proteins in relevance to their structure-function relationship, the goal is to outline a foundation of current knowledge for continued investigations to understand the biological functions of calponin and transgelin in various cell types during physiological and pathological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Bou Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - J.-P. Jin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bin X, Luo Y, Sun Z, Lin C, Huang P, Tu Z, Li L, Qu C, Long J, Zhou S. The Role of H2-Calponin Antigen in Cancer Metastasis: Presence of Autoantibodies in Liver Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9864. [PMID: 37373013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the potential of H2-calponin (CNN2) as a serum biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this study employed the serological analysis of recombinantly expressed cDNA clone (SEREX) technique to identify the presence of CNN2 antibody in the serum of patients with HCC and other tumors. The CNN2 protein was produced through genetic engineering and used as an antigen to determine the positive rate of serum CNN2 autoantibodies via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the mRNA and protein expressions of CNN2 in cells and tissues were evaluated using RT-PCR, in situ RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry methods. The HCC group exhibited a significantly higher positive rate of anti-CNN2 antibody (54.8%) compared to gastric cancer (6.5%), lung cancer (3.2%), rectal cancer (9.7%), hepatitis (3.2%), liver cirrhosis (3.2%), and normal tissues (3.1%). The positive rates of CNN2 mRNA in HCC with metastasis, non-metastatic HCC, lung cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, liver cirrhosis, and hepatitis were 56.67%, 41.67%, 17.5%, 10.0%, 20.0%, 53.13%, and 41.67%, respectively. Meanwhile, the positive rates of CNN2 protein were 63.33%, 37.5%, 17.5%, 27.5%, 45%, 31.25%, and 20.83%, respectively. The down-regulation of CNN2 could inhibit the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. CNN2 is a newly identified HCC-associated antigen that is implicated in the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells, making it a promising target for liver cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Bin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zefeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chaoqun Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhenbo Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Cong Qu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jiamin Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Sufang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Project for Early Prevention and Treatment of Regional High-Risk Tumors & Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gui Y, Wang Y, Palanza Z, Wang JL, Gupta P, Tao J, Qiao Y, Hargis G, Kreutzer DL, Bastacky SI, Yu Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Fu H, Zhou D. Calponin 2 harnesses metabolic reprogramming to determine kidney fibrosis. Mol Metab 2023; 71:101712. [PMID: 36963615 PMCID: PMC10090436 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the fibrotic kidneys, the extent of a formed deleterious microenvironment is determined by cellular mechanical forces. This process requires metabolism for energy. However, how cellular mechanics and metabolism are connected remains unclear. METHODS A multi-disciplinary approach was employed: the fibrotic kidney disease models were induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and unilateral ureteral obstruction in Calponin 2 (CNN2) knockdown mice. Proteomics, bioinformatics, and in vivo and in vitro molecular experimental pathology studies were performed. RESULT Our proteomics revealed that actin filament binding and cell metabolism are the two most dysregulated events in the fibrotic kidneys. As a prominent actin stabilizer, CNN2 was predominantly expressed in fibroblasts and pericytes. In CKD patients, CNN2 levels was markedly induced in blood. In mice, CNN2 knockdown preserves kidney function and alleviates fibrosis. Global proteomics profiled that CNN2 knockdown enhanced the activities of the key rate-limiting enzymes and regulators of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the diseased kidneys. Inhibiting carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α in the FAO pathway resulted in lipid accumulation and extracellular matrix deposition in the fibrotic kidneys, which were restored after CNN2 knockdown. Bioinformatics and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that CNN2 interactor, estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) to transcriptionally regulate FAO downstream target genes expression amid kidney fibrosis. In vitro, ESR2 knockdown repressed the mRNA levels of PPARα and the key genes in the FAO pathway. Conversely, activation of PPARα reduced CNN2-induced matrix inductions. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that balancing cell mechanics and metabolism is crucial to develop therapeutic strategies to halt kidney fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gui
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Zachary Palanza
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jack L Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Priya Gupta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jianling Tao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Geneva Hargis
- University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Donald L Kreutzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Sheldon I Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yanbao Yu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang P, Meng X, Xue J, Fan C, Wang J. Genome-wide analysis for nanofiber induced global gene expression profile: A study in MC3T3-E1 cells by RNA-Seq. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 223:113143. [PMID: 36682297 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibers are one of the attractive biomaterials that can provide unique environments to direct cell behaviors. However, how nanofiber structure affects the global gene expression of laden cells remains unclear. Herein, high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is applied to analyze the transcriptome of the MC3T3-E1 cells (a model osteoblast cell line) cultured on electrospun nanofibers. The cell-adhesive poly(L-lactide) nanofibers and membranes are developed by the mussel-inspired coating of gelatin-dopamine conjugate under H2O2-mediated oxidation. The MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on nanofibers exhibit elongated morphology and increased proliferation compared with those on membranes. The differences in global gene expression profiles are determined by RNA-seq, in which 905 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are identified. Significantly, the DEGs related to cytoskeleton, promotion of cell cycle progression, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation, are higher expressed in the cells on nanofibers, while the DEGs involved in cell-cycle arrest and osteoblast mineralization are up-regulated in the cells on membranes. This study elucidates the roles of nanofiber structure in affecting gene expression of laden cells at the whole transcriptome level, and it will lay the foundation for understanding nanofiber-guided cell behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyue Meng
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Junqiang Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Changjiang Fan
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ouhaddi Y, Charbonnier B, Porge J, Zhang YL, Garcia I, Gbureck U, Grover L, Gilardino M, Harvey E, Makhoul N, Barralet J. Development of Neovasculature in Axially Vascularized Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020105. [PMID: 36826904 PMCID: PMC9966587 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmenting the vascular supply to generate new tissues, a crucial aspect in regenerative medicine, has been challenging. Recently, our group showed that calcium phosphate can induce the formation of a functional neo-angiosome without the need for microsurgical arterial anastomosis. This was a preclinical proof of concept for biomaterial-induced luminal sprouting of large-diameter vessels. In this study, we investigated if sprouting was a general response to surgical injury or placement of an inorganic construct around the vessel. Cylindrical biocement scaffolds of differing chemistries were placed around the femoral vein. A contrast agent was used to visualize vessel ingrowth into the scaffolds. Cell populations in the scaffold were mapped using immunohistochemistry. Calcium phosphate scaffolds induced 2.7-3 times greater volume of blood vessels than calcium sulphate or magnesium phosphate scaffolds. Macrophage and vSMC populations were identified that changed spatially and temporally within the scaffold during implantation. NLRP3 inflammasome activation peaked at weeks 2 and 4 and then declined; however, IL-1β expression was sustained over the course of the experiment. IL-8, a promoter of angiogenesis, was also detected, and together, these responses suggest a role of sterile inflammation. Unexpectedly, the effect was distinct from an injury response as a result of surgical placement and also was not simply a foreign body reaction as a result of placing a rigid bioceramic next to a vein, since, while the materials tested had similar microstructures, only the calcium phosphates tested elicited an angiogenic response. This finding then reveals a potential path towards a new strategy for creating better pro-regenerative biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Ouhaddi
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Baptiste Charbonnier
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Juliette Porge
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Isadora Garcia
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Liam Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mirko Gilardino
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Edward Harvey
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Nicholas Makhoul
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Jake Barralet
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mirhaidari GJ, Barker JC, Breuer CK, Reinhardt JW. Implanted Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft Cell Isolation with Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:72-84. [PMID: 36719780 PMCID: PMC9968626 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) has brought with it the ability to gain greater insights into the cellular composition of tissues and heterogeneity in gene expression within specific cell types. For tissue-engineered blood vessels, this is particularly impactful to better understand how neotissue forms and remodels into tissue resembling a native vessel. A notable challenge, however, is the ability to separate cells from synthetic biomaterials to generate high-quality single-cell suspensions to interrogate the cellular composition of our tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) during active remodeling in situ. We present here a simple, commercially available approach to separate cells within our TEVG from the residual scaffold for downstream use in a scRNA-Seq workflow. Utilizing this method, we identified the cell populations comprising explanted TEVGs and compared these with results from immunohistochemical analysis. The process began with explanted TEVGs undergoing traditional mechanical and enzymatic dissociation to separate cells from scaffold and extracellular matrix proteins. Magnetically labeled antibodies targeting murine origin cells were incubated with enzymatic digests of TEVGs containing cells and scaffold debris in suspension allowing for separation by utilizing a magnetic separator column. Single-cell suspensions were processed through 10 × Genomics and data were analyzed utilizing R to generate cell clusters. Expression data provided new insights into a diverse composition of phenotypically unique subclusters within the fibroblast, macrophage, smooth muscle cell, and endothelial cell populations contributing to the early neotissue remodeling stages of TEVGs. These populations were correlated qualitatively and quantitatively with immunohistochemistry highlighting for the first time the potential of scRNA-Seq to provide exquisite detail into the host cellular response to an implanted TEVG. These results additionally demonstrate magnetic cell isolation is an effective method for generating high-quality cell suspensions for scRNA-Seq. While this method was utilized for our group's TEVGs, it has broader applications to other implantable materials that use biodegradable synthetic materials as part of scaffold composition. Impact statement Single-cell RNA sequencing is an evolving technology with the ability to provide detailed information on the cellular composition of remodeling biomaterials in vivo. This present work details an effective approach for separating nondegraded biomaterials from cells for downstream RNA-sequencing analysis. We applied this method to implanted tissue-engineered vascular grafts and for the first time describe the cellular composition of the remodeling graft at a single-cell gene expression level. While this method was effective in our scaffold, it has broad applicability to other implanted biomaterials that necessitate separation of cell from residual scaffold materials for single-cell RNA sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J.M. Mirhaidari
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jenny C. Barker
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher K. Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James W. Reinhardt
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cuevas RA, Wong R, Joolharzadeh P, Moorhead WJ, Chu CC, Callahan J, Crane A, Boufford CK, Parise AM, Parwal A, Behzadi P, St Hilaire C. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (Nt5e/CD73)-mediated adenosine signaling attenuates TGFβ-2 induced elastin and cellular contraction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C327-C338. [PMID: 36503240 PMCID: PMC9902218 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00054.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC) is a rare genetic disease caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the NT5E gene encoding the ecto-5'-nucleotidase (cluster of differentiation 73, CD73) enzyme. Patients with ACDC develop vessel arteriomegaly, tortuosity, and vascular calcification in their lower extremity arteries. Histological analysis shows that patients with ACDC vessels exhibit fragmented elastin fibers similar to that seen in aneurysmal-like pathologies. It is known that alterations in transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway signaling contribute to this elastin phenotype in several connective tissue diseases, as TGFβ regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Our study investigates whether CD73-derived adenosine modifies TGFβ signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We show that Nt5e-/- SMCs have elevated contractile markers and elastin gene expression compared with Nt5e+/+ SMCs. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (Nt5e)-deficient SMCs exhibit increased TGFβ-2 and activation of small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling, elevated elastin transcript and protein, and potentiate SMC contraction. These effects were diminished when the A2b adenosine receptor was activated. Our results identify a novel link between adenosine and TGFβ signaling, where adenosine signaling via the A2b adenosine receptor attenuates TGFβ signaling to regulate SMC homeostasis. We discuss how disruption in adenosine signaling is implicated in ACDC vessel tortuosity and could potentially contribute to other aneurysmal pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolando A Cuevas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan Wong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pouya Joolharzadeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William J Moorhead
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Claire C Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jack Callahan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex Crane
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Camille K Boufford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Angelina M Parise
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aneesha Parwal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Parya Behzadi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xing X, Liu M, Wang X, Guo Q, Wang H. Promoting effects of calponin 3 on the growth of diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma cells. Oncol Rep 2023; 49:46. [PMID: 36660952 PMCID: PMC9868891 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common types of lymphoma. Calponin 3 (CNN3) is a thin filament‑associated protein previously known to regulate smooth muscle contraction. Recent evidence illustrates its involvement in carcinogenesis; however, its roles in DLBCL remain unknown. CNN3 was found to be highly expressed in DLBCL specimens according to the online Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis data. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of CNN3 in the progression of DLBCL. In vitro, the ectopic expression of CNN3 promoted the proliferation and G1/S transition of DLBCL cells, while its silencing led to opposite alterations. A similar tumor‑promoting role of CNN3 was also demonstrated by injecting nude mice with DLBCL cells over‑ or underexpressing CNN3. The results of dual‑luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), a known tumor suppressor in DLBCL, bound to the CNN3 promoter at ‑1955/‑1948 and ‑1190/‑1183, and suppressed the transcription of CNN3. The alterations induced by FOXO3 were partly blocked by CNN3 overexpression. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that CNN3, whose transcriptional activity is negatively regulated by FOXO3, contributes to the malignant behavior of DLBCL cells. The findings of the present study may provide novel diagnostic or therapeutic insight for DLBCL in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xing
- Department of Hematology and Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Xiaojing Xing, Department of Hematology and Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute), 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Meichen Liu
- Department of Hematology and Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Xuguang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P.R. China
| | - Qianxue Guo
- Department of Hematology and Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- Department of Scientific Research and Academic, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bian R, Xu X, Li W. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms between heart failure and end-stage renal disease via a bioinformatics study. Front Genet 2023; 13:1037520. [PMID: 36704339 PMCID: PMC9871391 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1037520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) is not only a common complication in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) but also a major cause of death. Although clinical studies have shown that there is a close relationship between them, the mechanism of its occurrence is unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the molecular mechanisms between HF and ESRD through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, providing a new perspective on the crosstalk between these two diseases. Methods: The HF and ESRD datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database; we identified and analyzed common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). First, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set variation analyses (GSVA) were applied to explore the potential biological functions and construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Also, four algorithms, namely, random forest (RF), Boruta algorithm, logical regression of the selection operator (LASSO), and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), were used to identify the candidate genes. Subsequently, the diagnostic efficacy of hub genes for HF and ESRD was evaluated using eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. CIBERSORT was used to analyze the infiltration of immune cells. Thereafter, we predicted target microRNAs (miRNAs) using databases (miRTarBase, TarBase, and ENOCRI), and transcription factors (TFs) were identified using the ChEA3 database. Cytoscape software was applied to construct mRNA-miRNA-TF regulatory networks. Finally, the Drug Signatures Database (DSigDB) was used to identify potential drug candidates. Results: A total of 68 common DEGs were identified. The enrichment analysis results suggest that immune response and inflammatory factors may be common features of the pathophysiology of HF and ESRD. A total of four hub genes (BCL6, CCL5, CNN1, and PCNT) were validated using RF, LASSO, Boruta, and SVM-RFE algorithms. Their AUC values were all greater than 0.8. Immune infiltration analysis showed that immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells were altered in HF myocardial tissue, while neutrophils were significantly correlated with all four hub genes. Finally, 11 target miRNAs and 10 TFs were obtained, and miRNA-mRNA-TF regulatory network construction was performed. In addition, 10 gene-targeted drugs were discovered. Conclusion: Our study revealed important crosstalk between HF and ESRD. These common pathways and pivotal genes may provide new ideas for further clinical treatment and experimental studies.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gui Y, Tao J, Wang Y, Palanza Z, Qiao Y, Hargis G, Kreutzer DL, Liu S, Bastacky SI, Wang Y, Yu Y, Fu H, Zhou D. Calponin 2 harnesses metabolic reprogramming to determine kidney fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.03.522608. [PMID: 36711748 PMCID: PMC9881848 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the fibrotic kidneys, the extent of a formed deleterious microenvironment is determined by cellular mechanical forces. This process requires metabolism for energy; however, how cellular mechanics and metabolism are connected remains unclear. Our proteomics revealed that actin filament binding and cell metabolism are the two most dysregulated events in the fibrotic kidneys. As a prominent actin stabilizer, Calponin 2 (CNN2) is predominantly expressed in fibroblasts and pericytes. CNN2 knockdown preserves kidney function and alleviates fibrosis. Global proteomics profiled that CNN2 knockdown enhanced the activities of the key rate-limiting enzymes and regulators of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in diseased kidneys. Inhibiting carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α in the FAO pathway results in lipid accumulation and extracellular matrix deposition in the fibrotic kidneys, which were restored after CNN2 knockdown. In patients, increased serum CNN2 levels are correlated with lipid content. Bioinformatics and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that CNN2 interactor, estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) to transcriptionally regulate FAO downstream target genes expression amid kidney fibrosis. In vitro , ESR2 knockdown repressed the mRNA levels of PPARα and the key genes in the FAO pathway. Conversely, activation of PPARα reduced CNN2-induced matrix inductions. Our results suggest that balancing cell mechanics and metabolism is crucial to develop therapeutic strategies to halt kidney fibrosis.
Collapse
|
33
|
Boyang C, Yuexing L, Yiping Y, Haiyang Y, Xufei Z, Liancheng G, Yunzhi C. Construction and analysis of heart failure diagnosis model based on random forest and artificial neural network. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31097. [PMID: 36254001 PMCID: PMC9575800 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a global health problem and the number of sufferers is increasing as the population grows and ages. Existing diagnostic techniques for heart failure have various limitations in the clinical setting and there is a need to develop a new diagnostic model to complement the existing diagnostic methods. In recent years, with the development and improvement of gene sequencing technology, more genes associated with heart failure have been identified. We screened for differentially expressed genes in heart failure using available gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and identified 6 important genes by a random forest classifier (ASPN, MXRA5, LUM, GLUL, CNN1, and SERPINA3). And we have successfully constructed a new heart failure diagnostic model using an artificial neural network and validated its diagnostic efficacy in a public dataset. We calculated heart failure-related differentially expressed genes and obtained 24 candidate genes by random forest classification, and selected the top 6 genes as important genes for subsequent analysis. The prediction weights of the genes of interest were determined by the neural network model and the model scores were evaluated in 2 independent sample datasets (GSE16499 and GSE57338 datasets). Since the weights of RNA-seq predictions for constructing neural network models were theoretically more suitable for disease classification of RNA-seq data, the GSE57338 dataset had the best performance in the validation results. The diagnostic model derived from our study can be of clinical value in determining the likelihood of HF occurring through cardiac biopsy. In the meantime, we need to further investigate the accuracy of the diagnostic model based on the results of our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Boyang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Yuexing
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Yiping
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Haiyang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhang Xufei
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guan Liancheng
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chen Yunzhi
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- * Correspondence: Chen Yunzhi, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fernandes A, Miéville A, Grob F, Yamashita T, Mehl J, Hosseini V, Emmert MY, Falk V, Vogel V. Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in a Shear-Exposed Intimal Hyperplasia on-a-Dish Model to Evaluate Therapeutic Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202317. [PMID: 35971167 PMCID: PMC9534971 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) represents a major challenge following cardiovascular interventions. While mechanisms are poorly understood, the inefficient preventive methods incentivize the search for novel therapies. A vessel-on-a-dish platform is presented, consisting of direct-contact cocultures with human primary endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exposed to both laminar pulsatile and disturbed flow on an orbital shaker. With contractile SMCs sitting below a confluent EC layer, a model that successfully replicates the architecture of a quiescent vessel wall is created. In the novel IH model, ECs are seeded on synthetic SMCs at low density, mimicking reendothelization after vascular injury. Over 3 days of coculture, ECs transition from a network conformation to confluent 2D islands, as promoted by pulsatile flow, resulting in a "defected" EC monolayer. In defected regions, SMCs incorporated plasma fibronectin into fibers, increased proliferation, and formed multilayers, similarly to IH in vivo. These phenomena are inhibited under confluent EC layers, supporting therapeutic approaches that focus on endothelial regeneration rather than inhibiting proliferation, as illustrated in a proof-of-concept experiment with Paclitaxel. Thus, this in vitro system offers a new tool to study EC-SMC communication in IH pathophysiology, while providing an easy-to-use translational disease model platform for low-cost and high-content therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Fernandes
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Arnaud Miéville
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Franziska Grob
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tadahiro Yamashita
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Department of System Design EngineeringKeio University108‐8345YokohamaJapan
| | - Julia Mehl
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of HealthCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryGerman Heart Center Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM)University of Zurich8006ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryGerman Heart Center Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang J, Kang Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Liu J. Identification of immune cell infiltration and diagnostic biomarkers in unstable atherosclerotic plaques by integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956078. [PMID: 36211422 PMCID: PMC9537477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The decreased stability of atherosclerotic plaques increases the risk of ischemic stroke. However, the specific characteristics of dysregulated immune cells and effective diagnostic biomarkers associated with stability in atherosclerotic plaques are poorly characterized. This research aims to investigate the role of immune cells and explore diagnostic biomarkers in the formation of unstable plaques for the sake of gaining new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms and providing new perspectives for disease detection and therapy. Method Using the CIBERSORT method, 22 types of immune cells between stable and unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques from RNA-sequencing and microarray data in the public GEO database were quantitated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further calculated and were analyzed for enrichment of GO Biological Process and KEGG pathways. Important cell types and hub genes were screened using machine learning methods including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest. Single-cell RNA sequencing and clinical samples were further used to validate critical cell types and hub genes. Finally, the DGIdb database of gene–drug interaction data was utilized to find possible therapeutic medicines and show how pharmaceuticals, genes, and immune cells interacted. Results A significant difference in immune cell infiltration was observed between unstable and stable plaques. The proportions of M0, M1, and M2 macrophages were significantly higher and that of CD8+ T cells and NK cells were significantly lower in unstable plaques than that in stable plaques. With respect to DEGs, antigen presentation genes (CD74, B2M, and HLA-DRA), inflammation-related genes (MMP9, CTSL, and IFI30), and fatty acid-binding proteins (CD36 and APOE) were elevated in unstable plaques, while the expression of smooth muscle contraction genes (TAGLN, ACAT2, MYH10, and MYH11) was decreased in unstable plaques. M1 macrophages had the highest instability score and contributed to atherosclerotic plaque instability. CD68, PAM, and IGFBP6 genes were identified as the effective diagnostic markers of unstable plaques, which were validated by validation datasets and clinical samples. In addition, insulin, nivolumab, indomethacin, and α-mangostin were predicted to be potential therapeutic agents for unstable plaques. Conclusion M1 macrophages is an important cause of unstable plaque formation, and CD68, PAM, and IGFBP6 could be used as diagnostic markers to identify unstable plaques effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijian Kang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Shanghai, China
| | - Yandong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Navy 905th Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifu Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianmin Liu, ; Yang Liu, ; Zifu Li,
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianmin Liu, ; Yang Liu, ; Zifu Li,
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianmin Liu, ; Yang Liu, ; Zifu Li,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xie Y, Ding W, Xiang Y, Wang X, Yang J. Calponin 3 Acts as a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker and Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion. World Neurosurg 2022; 165:e721-e731. [PMID: 35792226 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calponin 3 (CNN3) is involved in the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer and osteosarcoma cells. However, the role of CNN3 in glioma tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated. METHODS CNN3 mRNA expression in normal brain tissue and gliomas, including glioblastoma multiforme and lower-grade glioma, was analyzed using GEPIA 2 and Oncomine. CNN3 levels in glioma tissues were identified using immunohistochemical data provided by the Human Protein Atlas website. The relationship between CNN3 mRNA expression and clinical characteristics of patients with glioma was analyzed using the Oncomine database and The Cancer Genome Atlas. The diagnostic value of CNN3 expression in glioma was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic analysis according to The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression data. The relationship between CNN3 and prognosis was analyzed using GEPIA 2. The function of CNN3 knockdown in glioma cell lines was analyzed using cell proliferation, Transwell, and Western blot assays. RESULTS Both mRNA and protein levels of CNN3 were distinctly higher in lower-grade glioma and glioblastoma multiforme tissues than those in normal brain tissues, particularly glioblastoma. A higher CNN3 mRNA level had significant relationship with higher World Health Organization grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type status, and 1p/19q noncodeletion. CNN3 mRNA expression is a highly accurate marker for the diagnosis of glioma. Patients with glioma in the high-CNN3 group had significantly lower disease-free survival and survival rates. In addition, CNN3 silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the phosphorylation of P65 NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS CNN3 expression is increased in glioma, particularly glioblastoma. Silencing CNN3 expression inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yituan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou First People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weilong Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongsheng Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hsieh T, Jin J. Loss of Calponin 2 causes age-progressive proteinuria in mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15370. [PMID: 36117313 PMCID: PMC9483440 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is a major manifestation of kidney disease, reflecting injuries of glomerular podocytes. Actin cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the foot processes of podocytes against the hydrostatic pressure of filtration. Calponin is an actin associated protein that regulates mechanical tension-related cytoskeleton functions and its role in podocytes has not been established. Here we studied the kidney phenotypes of calponin isoform 2 knockout (KO) mice. Urine samples were examined to quantify the ratio of albumin and creatinine. Kidney tissue samples were collected for histology and ultrastructural studies. A mouse podocyte cell line (E11) was used to study the expression and cellular localization of calponin 2. In comparison with wild-type (WT) controls, calponin 2 KO mice showed age-progressive high proteinuria and degeneration of renal glomeruli. High levels of calponin 2 are expressed in E11 podocytes and colocalized with actin stress fibers, tropomyosin and myosin IIA. Electron microscopy showed that aging calponin 2 KO mice had effacement of the podocyte foot processes and increased thickness of the glomerular basement membrane as compared to that of WT control. The findings demonstrate that deletion of calponin 2 aggravates age-progressive degeneration of the glomerular structure and function as filtration barrier. The critical role of calponin 2 in podocytes suggests a molecular target for understanding the pathogenesis of proteinuria and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu‐Bou Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Jian‐Ping Jin
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Appenzeller S, Andrade de Oliveira S, Bombini MF, Sepresse SR, Reis F, Cavalcante França Junior M. Neuropsychiatric manifestations in primary Sjogren syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:1071-1081. [PMID: 36001085 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2117159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurologic manifestations in primary Sjogren´s Syndrome (pSS) are characterized by a heterogeneity of clinical manifestations. In clinical practice, physicians are challenged with the absence of diagnostic criteria and the lack of clinical trials to support treatment. In this article, we will review epidemiology, clinical and immunological characterization, diagnosis and treatment of neurologic events in pSS. AREAS COVERED This narrative review provides an overview of neurologic manifestations described in pSS, complementary investigations and treatment reported. Articles were selected from Pubmed searches conducted between December 2021 and February 2022. EXPERT OPINION Epidemiology and clinical features of neurologic manifestations are derived from different cohort studies. Our understanding of pathophysiology of neurologic manifestations in pSS has significantly increased in the past few years, especially regarding PNS. However, there are still many knowledge gaps on therapeutics. The few available data on therapy rely upon small case series, from experiences with other autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus or expert opinion. There is an urgent need for well-designed clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Appenzeller
- Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Traumatology, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas
| | | | | | | | - Fabiano Reis
- Department of Radiology, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kravić B, Bionda T, Siebert A, Gahlot P, Levantovsky S, Behrends C, Meyer H. Ubiquitin profiling of lysophagy identifies actin stabilizer CNN2 as a target of VCP/p97 and uncovers a link to HSPB1. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2633-2649.e7. [PMID: 35793674 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) is an underlying feature of diverse conditions including neurodegeneration. Cells respond by extensive ubiquitylation of membrane-associated proteins for clearance of the organelle through lysophagy that is facilitated by the ubiquitin-directed AAA-ATPase VCP/p97. Here, we assessed the ubiquitylated proteome upon acute LMP and uncovered a large diversity of targets and lysophagy regulators. They include calponin-2 (CNN2) that, along with the Arp2/3 complex, translocates to damaged lysosomes and regulates actin filaments to drive phagophore formation. Importantly, CNN2 needs to be ubiquitylated during the process and removed by VCP/p97 for efficient lysophagy. Moreover, we identified the small heat shock protein HSPB1 that assists VCP/p97 in the extraction of CNN2 and show that other membrane regulators including SNAREs, PICALM, AGFG1, and ARL8B are ubiquitylated during lysophagy. Our data reveal a framework of how ubiquitylation and two effectors, VCP/p97 and HSPB1, cooperate to protect cells from the deleterious effects of LMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Kravić
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tihana Bionda
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Siebert
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Pinki Gahlot
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophie Levantovsky
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Hemmo Meyer
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang T, Wang T, Niu Q, Zheng X, Li H, Gao X, Chen Y, Gao H, Zhang L, Liu GE, Li J, Xu L. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals region-specific expression patterns in different beef cuts. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:387. [PMID: 35596128 PMCID: PMC9123670 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beef cuts in different regions of the carcass have different meat quality due to their distinct physiological function. The objective of this study was to characterize the region-specific expression differences using comparative transcriptomics analysis among five representative beef cuts (tenderloin, longissimus lumborum, rump, neck, chuck). RESULTS We obtained 15,701 expressed genes in 30 muscle samples across five regions from carcass meat. We identified a total of 80 region-specific genes (RSGs), ranging from three (identified in the rump cut) to thirty (identified in the longissimus lumborum cut), and detected 25 transcription factors (TFs) for RSGs. Using a co-expression network analysis, we detected seven region-specific modules, including three positively correlated modules and four negatively correlated modules. We finally obtained 91 candidate genes related to meat quality, and the functional enrichment analyses showed that these genes were mainly involved in muscle fiber structure (e.g., TNNI1, TNNT1), fatty acids (e.g., SCD, LPL), amino acids (ALDH2, IVD, ACADS), ion channel binding (PHPT1, SNTA1, SUMO1, CNBP), protein processing (e.g., CDC37, GAPDH, NRBP1), as well as energy production and conversion (e.g., ATP8, COX8B, NDUFB6). Moreover, four candidate genes (ALDH2, CANX, IVD, PHPT1) were validated using RT-qPCR analyses which further supported our RNA-seq results. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide valuable insights into understanding the transcriptome regulation of meat quality in different beef cuts, and these findings may further help to improve the selection for health-beneficial meat in beef cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianliu Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qunhao Niu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haipeng Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huijiang Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lupei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - George E Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Junya Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Lingyang Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu X, Jin Z, Summers S, Derous D, Li M, Li B, Li L, Speakman JR. Calorie restriction and calorie dilution have different impacts on body fat, metabolism, behavior, and hypothalamic gene expression. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110835. [PMID: 35584669 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction is a robust intervention to increase lifespan. Giving less food (calorie restriction [CR]) or allowing free access to a diluted diet with indigestible components (calorie dilution [CD]) are two methods to impose restriction. CD does not generate the same lifespan effect as CR. We compare responses of C57BL/6 mice with equivalent levels of CR and CD. The two groups have different responses in fat loss, circulating hormones, and metabolic rate. CR mice are hungrier, as assessed by behavioral assays. Although gene expression of Npy, Agrp, and Pomc do not differ between CR and CD groups, CR mice had a distinctive hypothalamic gene-expression profile with many genes related to starvation upregulated relative to CD. While both result in lower calorie intake, CR and CD are not equivalent procedures. Increased hunger under CR supports the hypothesis that hunger signaling is a key process mediating the benefits of CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PRC; Research Group Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Zengguang Jin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Stephanie Summers
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PRC
| | - Davina Derous
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PRC
| | - Min Li
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC
| | - John R Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PRC; CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, PRC.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Micropillar-based phenotypic screening platform uncovers involvement of HDAC2 in nuclear deformability. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
43
|
An N, Hou R, Liu Y, Han P, Zhao W, Wu W, Lu S, Ji H, Dong J. Application of iTRAQ Technology to Identify Differentially Expressed Proteins of Sauce Lamb Tripe with Different Secondary Pasteurization Treatments. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081166. [PMID: 35454754 PMCID: PMC9032106 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuum-packed sauce lamb tripe was subjected to secondary pasteurization by high-pressure processing (HPP) and heat treatment (HT), and iTRAQ technology was applied to investigate the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The analysis revealed 484 and 398 DEPs in the HPP and HT samples, respectively, compared with no treatment. These DEPs were sorted by texture results, and it was revealed that these DEPs acted in different biological processes with many structural proteins and protein subunits related to lamb tripe texture. The results verified by Western blot were consistent with the protein expression changes observed by proteomics. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the hardness and gumminess of the sauce lamb tripe after HT might be related to changes in the expression of CNN1 and FN1. The changes in the expression of TMP, FN1, YWHAG, TTN, collagen isoforms, and ARPC3 might be related to the improved springiness and chewiness of lamb tripe after HPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning An
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Ran Hou
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Yangming Liu
- Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Ping Han
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Wenxia Wu
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Shiling Lu
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Hua Ji
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Juan Dong
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-099-3205-8735; Fax: +86-099-3205-7399
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Choo YY, Sakai T, Komatsu S, Ikebe R, Jeffers A, Singh KP, Idell S, Tucker TA, Ikebe M. Calponin 1 contributes to myofibroblast differentiation of human pleural mesothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L348-L364. [PMID: 35018804 PMCID: PMC8858681 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00289.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) can become myofibroblasts via mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MesoMT) and contribute to pleural organization, fibrosis, and rind formation. However, how these transformed mesothelial cells contribute to lung fibrosis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanism of contractile myofibroblast differentiation of PMCs. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induced marked upregulation of calponin 1 expression, which was correlated with notable cytoskeletal rearrangement in human PMCs (HPMCs) to produce stress fibers. Downregulation of calponin 1 expression reduced stress fiber formation. Interestingly, induced stress fibers predominantly contain α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) associated with calponin 1 but not β-actin. Calponin 1-associated stress fibers also contained myosin II and α-actinin. Furthermore, focal adhesions were aligned with the produced stress fibers. These results suggest that calponin 1 facilitates formation of stress fibers that resemble contractile myofibrils. Supporting this notion, TGF-β significantly increased the contractile activity of HPMCs, an effect that was abolished by downregulation of calponin 1 expression. We infer that differentiation of HPMCs to contractile myofibroblasts facilitates stiffness of scar tissue in pleura to promote pleural fibrosis (PF) and that upregulation of calponin 1 plays a central role in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Yeon Choo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Satoshi Komatsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Reiko Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Ann Jeffers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Karan P Singh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Torry A Tucker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hsieh TB, Feng HZ, Jin JP. Deletion of Calponin 2 Reduces the Formation of Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesions. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:517-524. [PMID: 33622156 PMCID: PMC8751165 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2021.1880672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study: Postoperative peritoneal adhesions are a common cause of morbidity after surgery, resulting in multiple complications. Macrophage-mediated inflammation and myofibroblast differentiation after tissue injury play central roles in the pathogenesis and progression of adhesion formation. Calponin 2 is an actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein in endothelial cells, macrophages and fibroblasts that are key players in the development of fibrosis. Deletion of calponin 2 has been shown to attenuate inflammatory arthritis, atherosclerosis and fibrocalcification of the aortic valves. The present study investigated the effect of calponin 2 deletion on attenuating the formation of peritoneal adhesions in a mouse model for potential use as a new therapeutic target.Materials and methods: Sterile surgical procedures under general anesthesia were used on paired wild type (WT) and calponin 2 knockout (KO) mice to generate mild injury on the cecal and abdominal wall peritonea. Three and seven days post-operation, the mice were compared postmortem for the formation of peritoneal adhesions. Tissues at the adhesion sites were examined with histology and immunofluorescent studies for macrophage and myofibroblast activations.Results: Quantitative scoring demonstrated that calponin 2 KO mice developed significantly less postoperative peritoneal adhesions than that in WT mice. Calponin 2 deletion resulted in less infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages at the adhesion sites with less myofibroblast differentiation and collagen deposition than WT controls.Conclusions: The data show that deletion of calponin 2 effectively reduces postoperative peritoneal adhesion, presenting a novel molecular target for clinical prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Bou Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Han-Zhong Feng
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pinkaew D, Martinez-Hackert E, Jia W, King MD, Miao F, Enger NR, Silakit R, Ramana K, Chen SY, Fujise K. Fortilin interacts with TGF-β1 and prevents TGF-β receptor activation. Commun Biol 2022; 5:157. [PMID: 35197550 PMCID: PMC8866402 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fortilin is a 172-amino acid multifunctional protein present in both intra- and extracellular spaces. Although fortilin binds and regulates various cellular proteins, the biological role of extracellular fortilin remains unknown. Here we report that fortilin specifically interacts with TGF-β1 and prevents it from activating the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. In a standard immunoprecipitation-western blot assay, fortilin co-immunoprecipitates TGF-β1 and its isoforms. The modified ELISA assay shows that TGF-β1 remains complexed with fortilin in human serum. Both bio-layer interferometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reveal that fortilin directly bind TGF-β1. The SPR analysis also reveals that fortilin and the TGF-β receptor II (TGFβRII) compete for TGF-β1. Both luciferase and secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter assays show that fortilin prevents TGF-β1 from activating Smad3 binding to Smad-binding element. Fortilin inhibits the phosphorylation of Smad3 in both quantitative western blot assays and ELISA. Finally, fortilin inhibits TGFβ-1-induced differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal progenitor cells to smooth muscle cells. A computer-assisted virtual docking reveals that fortilin occupies the pocket of TGF-β1 that is normally occupied by TGFβRII and that TGF-β1 can bind either fortilin or TGFβRII at any given time. These data support the role of extracellular fortilin as a negative regulator of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Fortilin prevents the activation of the TGF-β1 receptor by occupying the pocket of TGF-β1 and competing with TGF-βRII to bind with TGF-β1. This inhibits Smad3 phosphorylation and the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal progenitor cells to smooth muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Decha Pinkaew
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Erik Martinez-Hackert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Matthew D King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Fei Miao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicole R Enger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Runglawan Silakit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kota Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT, 84606, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Ken Fujise
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shuang M, Jie L, Ruixia Z, Chuanchuan L, Yan M. Proteomic profile analysis of pulmonary artery in a rat model under hypoxic pulmonary hypertensionc. CURR PROTEOMICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164619666220204123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim:
Proteomic profile analysis of pulmonary artery in a rat model under hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
Background:
Background: Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a pathological condition exemplified by a constant rise in pulmonary artery pressure in high-altitudes.
Objective:
Objective: To investigated the proteome profile and response mechanisms of SD rats under hypoxia over a period of four-weeks.
Method:
Method: Proteomic profile analysis of pulmonary artery in a rat model under hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
Results:
Results: With 3,204 proteins identified, 49 were up-regulated while 46 were down-regulated. Upregulated genes included Prolargin, Protein S100-A6 and Transgelin-2, whereas Nascent polypeptide-associated complex and Elongator complex protein 1 were down-regulated. KEGG enriched pathways had purine metabolism, cancer and lipolysis regulation as significantly enriched in hypoxic group.
Conclusion:
Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings submit basis for downstream studies on tissue hypoxia mechanisms alongside the associated physiological conditions.
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a pathological condition exemplified by a constant rise in pulmonary artery pressure in high altitudes. Herein, we investigated the proteome profile and response mechanisms of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats under hypoxia over a period of four weeks. Unbiased iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics was utilized in proteome profile analysis of a rat model exposed to HPH. With 3,204 proteins identified, 49 were upregulated while 46 were downregulated. Upregulated genes included Prolargin, Protein, S100-A6 and Transgelin-2, whereas Nascent polypeptide-associated complex and Elongator complex protein 1 were downregulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enriched pathways had purine metabolism, cancer, and lipolysis regulation as significantly enriched in hypoxic group. In conclusion, the findings from this study submit a basis for downstream studies on tissue hypoxia mechanisms alongside the associated physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ma Shuang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Liu Jie
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Zhang Ruixia
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Liu Chuanchuan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Ma Yan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kwon EJ, Kim HJ, Woo BH, Joo JY, Kim YH, Park HR. Profiling of plasma-derived exosomal RNA expression in patients with periodontitis: a pilot study. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1726-1737. [PMID: 35119164 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to profile differentially expressed (DE) exosomal RNAs in healthy subjects and periodontitis patients and compare their levels before and after treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma samples from healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis (pre-/post-periodontal treatment) were collected for this case-control study. After isolation of exosomes from the plasma, the RNA was extracted and small RNA sequencing was performed (3 healthy samples, 4 pre-treatment samples, and 5 post-treatment samples). Two-way analyses were conducted according to the treatment status in the periodontitis group, unpaired analysis (grouping as pre-/post-treatment) and paired analysis (matching pre- and post-treatment in the same subject). The DE exosomal RNAs were screened by sequencing and visualized using the R software. Gene Ontology analysis was performed, and target genes were identified. RESULTS In both paired and unpaired analyses, two DE microRNAs (DEmiRs; miR-1304-3p and miR-200c-3p) and two DE small nucleolar RNAs (DEsnoRs; SNORD57 and SNODB1771) were common, and they were found to be downregulated during periodontitis and recovered to healthy levels after treatment. The top three target genes (NR3C1, GPR158, and CNN3) commonly regulated by DEmiRs were identified. CONCLUSIONS Plasma-derived exosomal miRs (miR-1304-3p and miR-200c-3p) and snoRs (SNORD57 and SNODB1771) could be valuable biomarkers for periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Hee Woo
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Joo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ryoun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Moch Rizal D, Septiyorini N. Molecular Action of Herbal Medicine in Physiology of Erection and its Dysfunction. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224902002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erection is a physiological process that involves vascular, hormonal, and nervous factors. Erectile dysfunction is one of the male sexual problems that occur globally and is reported to affect men's quality of life. Herbal plants have been widely used for disease treatment, including the problem of erectile dysfunction. This paper aims to review the molecular potential of various plants in the physiology of erection and to treat erectile dysfunction. The literature search was carried out through the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases regarding the molecular mechanisms of herbal plants and their potential involvement in the physiology of erection and overcoming erectile dysfunction. This paper focuses on six herbal plants: Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, Epimedium, Black pepper, Tribulus terrestris, and Eurycoma longifolia. The six herbal plants have involvement in the erection process and have molecular potential in the treatment of erectile problems
Collapse
|
50
|
Klimontov VV, Koroleva EA, Khapaev RS, Korbut AI, Lykov AP. Carotid Artery Disease in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: Risk Factors and Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2021; 11:72. [PMID: 35011813 PMCID: PMC8745306 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis (CA) and, especially, carotid artery stenosis (CAS), are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors and biomarkers of subclinical CA and CAS in T2D individuals. High-resolution ultrasonography of carotid arteries was performed in 389 patients. Ninety-five clinical parameters were evaluated, including diabetic complications and comorbidities; antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antihypertensive therapy; indices of glycemic control and glucose variability (GV); lipid panels; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); albuminuria; blood cell count; and coagulation. Additionally, serum levels of calponin-1, relaxin, L-citrulline, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -3 (MMP-2, -3) were measured by ELISA. In univariate analysis, older age, male sex, diabetes duration, GV, diabetic retinopathy, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and MMP-3 were associated with subclinical CA. In addition to these factors, long-term arterial hypertension, high daily insulin doses, eGFR, and L-citrulline were associated with CAS. In multivariate logistic regression, age, male sex, BMI, GV, and eGFR predicted CA independently; male sex, BMI, diabetes duration, eGFR, and L-citrulline were predictors of CAS. These results can be used to develop screening and prevention programs for CA and CAS in T2D subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Klimontov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.K.); (R.S.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.L.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|