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Caetano IT, Miranda VPN, Dos Santos FK, Dos Santos Amorim PR. Adolescent's movement behaviors and built environment: a latent class analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1937. [PMID: 34696762 PMCID: PMC8547093 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latent class analysis (LCA) is an alternative and innovative approach to verify the relation of the various combinations of the constructed environment and movement behavior (levels of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) characteristics. This study aimed to identify latent classes based on the characteristics of the neighborhood environment perceived by adolescents and their association with gender, socioeconomic status (SS), body composition and movement behaviors. METHODS This cross-sectional study includes 309 Brazilian adolescents (14 to 16 years old, 57% female). The characteristics of the neighborhood environment perceived were analyzed by the Neighborhood Walkability for Youth Scale. Accelerometers were used for a week to evaluate the movement behaviors. Questionnaires assessed the screen times, total sitting time (TST), and sociodemographic characteristics. LCA was used for modeling the "Perceived Enviroment" variable, having been conducted in the poLCA (Polychromous Variable Latent Class Analysis) package of the R statistical software. RESULTS Three classes were recognized: class 1, "Best Perceived Environment" with 23.03% of adolescents; class 2, "Moderate Perceived Environment", 63.33%; and class 3, "Worst Perceived Environment", 13.67%. Light physical activity (LPA), TST, and SS were associated with class prevalence. The adolescents with medium and low SS were, respectively, 3.42 (95% CI 1.62-7.21) and 4.18 (95% CI 1.66-10.50) more likely to belong to class 2, and those with low SS were 5.21 (95% CI 1.35-20.13) more likely to belong to class 3. Class 1 adolescents were associated with a lower chance (OR: 0.09, 95% CI 0.02-0.55) of involvement in 'adequate LPA time' compared to class 3. Class 1 adolescents were associated with a lower chance (OR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.12-0.79) of involvement in 'adequate TST' compared to class 2. There was a difference between the LPA and TST classes; class 3 presented a longer time in LPA than class 1; class 1 had higher TST than the other classes. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the influence of neighborhood classes on adolescents' LPA and TST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Toledo Caetano
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Valter Paulo Neves Miranda
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Karina Dos Santos
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Dos Santos Amorim
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Tian Y, Liu L, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhai Y, Wang K, Liu J. Urban-Rural Differences in Physical Fitness and Out-of-School Physical Activity for Primary School Students: A County-Level Comparison in Western China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10813. [PMID: 34682557 PMCID: PMC8535605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization of China has brought lifestyle changes resulting in a continuous decline in children's physical fitness (PF) and out-of-school physical activity (PA). To date, studies have been focused on correlates of PF and out-of-school PA, and patterns and trends based on geographic diversity and urban-rural contrasts. Western China, with a large rural population, has substantial urban-rural differences, but little work has been done to compare its children's physical fitness (PF) and out-of-school physical activity (PA) at a county level. A total of 715 primary school students (grades 3-6) were surveyed from one urban school (n = 438) and four rural schools (n = 277) in a county-level administrative unit, Yangling District, Shaanxi, in western China. Physical fitness index (PFI) was measured and calculated based on the revised Chinese Student Physical Fitness Standards. Out-of-school PA and other variables of demographics, behavior and perception were collected using questionnaires. Statistical analyses explored urban-rural differences and correlates of PFI and out-of-school PA. We found that the PFI (72.86 vs. 79.67) and weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) duration (167.57 vs. 220.08) of urban students were significantly lower than those of rural students. Weekly MVPA duration had the largest positive impact on PFI. Perceived availability of PA spaces was positively associated with both the urban and rural students' PF and PA, while screen time was negatively associated with PF and PA, especially for rural students. Facilitators of PA frequency include the perceived availability of PA time and parental educational level. Parents' PA habits had a positive impact on urban students' PA. No association between active school commuting and PF or PA was found. Our findings revealed that PF and out-of-school PA of urban students were clearly lower than among rural students. The health of rural children at the county level in western China should be paid much more attention during the process of rapid urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kai Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.T.); (L.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.T.); (L.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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Parental Factors Related to Physical Activity among Adolescent Men Living in Built and Natural Environment: A Population-Based MOPO Study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 2021:3234083. [PMID: 34122561 PMCID: PMC8169255 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3234083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Physical inactivity is a global concern, especially among adolescent men. Little research has been done on the association between parental factors and young adults' physical activity in the context of residential environment. We aimed to reveal what parental factors are associated with physical activity among adolescent men living in built and natural environments. Methods A population-based sample of 1,904 men (mean age = 17.9, SD = 0.7 years) completed a questionnaire regarding physical activity, parental factors, and lifestyle in Northern Finland in 2012 and 2013. Geographical information system methods and dominant land-use type were used to define the residential environment in a 1-kilometer radius buffer zone surrounding each participant's home address. If the residential area included more artificial surfaces, it was defined as a built environment, and areas including more nature were defined as natural environments. Results According to multivariable analyses, a mother's physical activity (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.8) was positively associated with the physical activity of adolescent men living in built environments, and the father's physical activity was positively associated with the physical activity of adolescent men living in natural environments (2.8; 1.7-4.8). Self-rated health (built 5.9 [4.0-8.7]; natural 5.2 [3.0-9.0]) was positively associated with physical activity level. Those with symptoms of depression were more likely to be physically inactive (built 0.5 [0.3-0.8]; natural 0.3 [0.1-0.6]). Adolescent men were equally physically active regardless of the living environment. Conclusions The level of physical activity of parents, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms should be considered when designing physical activity promotions for adolescent men according to their residential environments.
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Filanowski PM, Camhi SM, Whiteley JA, Iannotti RJ, Milliken LA. Predictors and Acceptability of Shared Physical Activity Participation in Parent–Child Dyads. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Not All Play Equipment Is Created Equal: Associations Between Equipment at Home and Children's Physical Activity. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:945-951. [PMID: 31518988 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Play equipment at home could be targeted in interventions to increase children's physical activity (PA), but evidence is mixed, potentially because current methods do not reflect children's lived experience. This study investigated associations between combinations of equipment and PA. METHODS Data were from the Mothers and their Children's Health study and the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Mothers (n = 2409) indicated the types of fixed active (eg, trampolines), portable active (eg, bicycles), and electronic (eg, computers) equipment at home, and the number of days children (n = 4092, aged 5-12 y, 51% boys) met PA guidelines. Latent class analysis was used to identify combinations of equipment, and linear regressions were used to investigate associations with PA. RESULTS Compared with children with high active (fixed and portable) and medium electronic equipment, children with portable active and medium (B = -0.53; 95% confidence interval, -0.72 to -0.34) or high (B = -0.58; 95% confidence interval, -0.83 to -0.33) electronic equipment met the guidelines on fewer days. Children with similar active equipment (but more electronic equipment) met the PA guidelines on fewer days (mean difference = -0.51, SE = 0.14, P = .002). CONCLUSION Having the right combination of play equipment at home may be important for children's PA.
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Prado CV, Rech CR, Hino AAF, Reis RS. Perception of neighborhood safety and screen time in adolescents from Curitiba, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2018; 20:688-701. [PMID: 29267753 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5497201700040011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between perceptions of neighborhood safety (PNS) and screen time among adolescents and to assess the moderating effects of sex, age and socioeconomic status. METHODS A cross-sectional study with school survey was conducted in Curitiba, Brazil. First, six schools (three public and three private) were intentionally selected. Next, one class within each educational level (from the sixth year of elementary school to the third year of high school) was randomly selected. PNS was assessed using a NEWS-Y scale, and daily screen time was defined as the time spent watching TV/videos/DVDs, playing video games and using the Internet. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to test the association between PNS and screen time, adjusting for the confounding variables. RESULTS The sample included 776 adolescents (boys and girls), aged between 11 and 18 years old. Perceived crime was associated with time playing video games among older teenagers (p < 0.05). Pedestrian and traffic safety was inversely associated with time playing video games among adolescents with high socioeconomic status (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The association between PNS and screen time is complex among adolescents and varies according to sociodemographic variables and the screen time outcome (TV/videos/DVDs, video games and the Internet).
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisley Vanessa Prado
- Centro Universitário Autônomo do Brasil - Curitiba (PR), Brasil.,Curso de Educação Física, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Campus Curitiba - Curitiba (PR), Brasil
| | - Cassiano Ricardo Rech
- Curso de Educação Física, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Campus Curitiba - Curitiba (PR), Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Florianópolis (SC), Brasil
| | - Adriano Akira Ferreira Hino
- Curso de Educação Física, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Campus Curitiba - Curitiba (PR), Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Siqueira Reis
- Curso de Educação Física, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Campus Curitiba - Curitiba (PR), Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná - Curitiba (PR), Brasil.,Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University - St. Louis, MO, Estados Unidos
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7
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Peregrino AB, Watt RG, Heilmann A, Jivraj S. Breastfeeding practices in the United Kingdom: Is the neighbourhood context important? MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2018; 14:e12626. [PMID: 29888866 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is an important public health issue worldwide. Breastfeeding rates in the United Kingdom, particularly for exclusive breastfeeding, are low compared with other OECD countries, despite its wide-ranging health benefits for both mother and child. There is evidence that deprivation in the structural and social organisation of neighbourhoods is associated with adverse child outcomes. This study aimed to explore whether breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding for at least 3 months, and any type of breastfeeding for at least 6 months were associated with neighbourhood context measured by neighbourhood deprivation and maternal neighbourhood perceptions in a nationally representative U.K. SAMPLE A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the Millennium Cohort Study. Logistic regression was carried out on a sample of 17,308 respondents, adjusting for individual- and familial-level socio-demographic characteristics. Neighbourhood deprivation was independently and inversely associated with breastfeeding initiation. Compared with the least deprived areas, the likelihood of initiating breastfeeding was 40% lower in the most deprived neighbourhoods (OR: 0.60, 95% CI [0.50, 0.72]). The relationship between both exclusive and any type of breastfeeding at 3 and 6 months respectively with neighbourhood deprivation after adjustment for potential confounders was not entirely linear. Breastfeeding initiation (OR: 0.78, 95% CI [0.71, 0.85]), exclusivity for 3 months (OR: 0.84, 95% CI [0.75, 0.95]), and any breastfeeding for 6 months (OR: 0.82, 95% CI [0.73, 0.93]) were each reduced by about 20% among mothers who perceived their neighbourhoods lacking safe play areas for children. Policies to improve breastfeeding rates should consider area-based approaches and the broader determinants of social inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa B Peregrino
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - Richard G Watt
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - Anja Heilmann
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - Stephen Jivraj
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Torrington Place, London, UK
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Bennetts SK, Cooklin AR, Crawford S, D'Esposito F, Hackworth NJ, Green J, Matthews J, Strazdins L, Zubrick SR, Nicholson JM. What Influences Parents' Fear about Children's Independent Mobility? Evidence from a State-Wide Survey of Australian Parents. Am J Health Promot 2017; 32:667-676. [PMID: 29166780 DOI: 10.1177/0890117117740442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify factors associated with generalized and stranger-specific parental fear (PF) about children's independent mobility (CIM), a critical aspect of physical activity. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey; random sampling frame, minimum quotas of fathers, rural residents. SETTING State of Victoria, Australia. SUBJECTS Parents of children aged 9 to 15 years (n = 1779), 71% response rate. MEASURES Validated measures of PF and fear of strangers (FoS); parent, child, social, and environmental factors. ANALYSIS Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression stratified by child age (9-10; 11-13; 14-15). RESULTS Adjusted models explained a substantial proportion of variance across all age groups (PF: 33.6%-36.7%; FoS: 39.1%-44.0%). Perceived disapproval from others was consistently associated with both outcomes (PF: β =.11 to 23, p ≤ .05; FoS: β =.17-.21, p ≤ .001) as was parents' perception of children's competence to travel safely (PF: β = -.24 to -.11, p ≤ .05; FoS: β = -.16 to -.13, p ≤ .01). Factors associated with FoS included having a female child (β = -.21 to -.13, p ≤ .001), language other than English (β = .09 to.11, p ≤ .01), and low levels of parent education (β = -.14 to -08, p ≤ .05). CONCLUSION The current study suggests that social norms, child competence, and perceptions about the benefits of CIM underpin PF. This evidence informs the development of interventions to reduce PF and promote CIM and children's physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K Bennetts
- 1 Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,2 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda R Cooklin
- 1 Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Fabrizio D'Esposito
- 3 School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,4 Parenting Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Naomi J Hackworth
- 1 Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,2 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,4 Parenting Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie Green
- 2 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,4 Parenting Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,5 Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jan Matthews
- 4 Parenting Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lyndall Strazdins
- 6 National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Stephen R Zubrick
- 7 Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,8 Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Jan M Nicholson
- 1 Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Lindsay AC, Greaney ML, Wallington SF, Mesa T, Salas CF. A review of early influences on physical activity and sedentary behaviors of preschool-age children in high-income countries. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2017; 22. [PMID: 28407367 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Promoting physical activity (PA) is a key component of preventing and controlling childhood obesity. Despite well-documented benefits of PA, globally, rates of PA among young children have declined over the past decades, and most children are not accruing sufficient PA daily. Helping children develop the foundation for PA habits early in life is critical for the promotion of health in childhood and prevention of chronic diseases later in life, and will ultimately promote longer and healthier lives for individuals and the general population. The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of current evidence on influences on PA and sedentary behaviors of preschool-age children in high-income countries. DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic review of three databases was performed. Studies conducted in high-income countries and published from 2000 onward that addressed influences on PA and sedentary behaviors of preschool-age children were identified and reviewed. Additionally, reference lists of identified articles and relevant published reviews were reviewed. Studies that met the following inclusion criteria were considered: (a) sample included preschoolers (age ≤5 years); (b) PA and/or sedentary behaviors or factors associated with PA and/or sedentary behaviors was assessed; (c) published in English; (d) used either quantitative or qualitative methods; and (e) conducted in a high-income country. Data were extracted from selected studies to identify influences on PA and sedentary behaviors of preschool-age children and organized using the social-ecological model according to multiple levels of influence. RESULTS Results from included studies identify multiple factors that influence PA and sedentary behaviors of young children in high-income countries at the various levels of the social-ecological model including intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental, organizational, and policy. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Given pediatric nurses' role as primary care providers, and their frequent and continued contact with parents and their children throughout childhood through well-child visits, immunization, and minor acute illnesses, they are well positioned to promote and support the development of early healthful PA habits of children starting in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Lindsay
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Health Studies & Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Mary L Greaney
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Sherrie F Wallington
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tatiana Mesa
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos F Salas
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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Cleland V, Squibb K, Stephens L, Dalby J, Timperio A, Winzenberg T, Ball K, Dollman J. Effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity and/or decrease sedentary behaviour among rural adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2017; 18:727-741. [PMID: 28401687 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity and overweight and obesity are more prevalent among rural than urban populations. This study aimed to review published evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity (PA) and/or decrease sedentary behaviour (SB) among rural adults and to identify factors associated with effectiveness. Seven electronic databases were searched for controlled trials of a PA or SB intervention. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models and meta-regression. Thirteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis (n = 4,848 participants) and 12 in the meta-analysis (n = 4,820). All studies were interventions to increase PA. Overall, there was no effect on PA (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.04, 0.25) or SB (SMD 0.07; 95% CI -0.33, 0.20). In PA subgroup analyses, studies employing objective outcome measures demonstrated effects in favour of the intervention (SMD 0.65, 95% CI 0.30, 1.00), while those using self-reported measures did not (SMD 0.00; 95% CI -0.11, 0.10). This review highlights significant gaps in our understanding of how best to promote PA and reduce SB among rural adults. Future studies should use objective measures of PA as study outcomes. The absence of interventions to decrease SB is of concern, with immediate action required to address this large knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - K Squibb
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - L Stephens
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Dalby
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - A Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Winzenberg
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - K Ball
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Dollman
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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11
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Arcury TA, Suerken CK, Ip EH, Moore JB, Quandt SA. Residential Environment for Outdoor Play Among Children in Latino Farmworker Families. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 19:267-274. [PMID: 27485188 PMCID: PMC5290218 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Child health and development benefit from physical activity. This analysis describes the residential play environment for children aged 2-4 years in farmworker families, their parent-reported levels of play and media time, and the association of residential environment with play and media time. Mothers with a child aged 2-4 years in farmworker families (n = 248) completed interviews over 2 years. Outcome measures were daily outdoor play time and media time. Measures of the residential environment included physical and social components. The mean min/day for outdoor play was 81.8 (SD 57.3) at baseline, 111.4 (SD 90.1) at year 1 follow-up, and 103.6 (SD 76.2) at year 2 follow-up. The mean media min/day at baseline was 83.8 (SD 64.3), 93.7 (SD 80.3) min/day at year 1 follow-up, and 59.9 min/day (SD (45.6) at year 2 follow-up. One additional person per bedroom was associated with 6 fewer min/day with media. The addition of each age appropriate toy was associated with an additional 12.3 min/day of outdoor play. An additional type of inappropriate media was associated with 6.8 more min/day with media. These results suggest changes to the residential environment to improve physical activity among children in Latino farmworker families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1084, USA.
| | - Cynthia K Suerken
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Edward H Ip
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Justin B Moore
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1084, USA
| | - Sara A Quandt
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Socio-Demographic Determinants of Leisure Time Physical Inactivity of Adolescents from the Voivodships of Central Poland. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2017.1-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Prescott SL, Logan AC. Transforming Life: A Broad View of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Concept from an Ecological Justice Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111075. [PMID: 27827896 PMCID: PMC5129285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The influential scientist Rene J. Dubos (1901–1982) conducted groundbreaking studies concerning early-life environmental exposures (e.g., diet, social interactions, commensal microbiota, housing conditions) and adult disease. However, Dubos looked beyond the scientific focus on disease, arguing that “mere survival is not enough”. He defined mental health as fulfilling human potential, and expressed concerns about urbanization occurring in tandem with disappearing access to natural environments (and elements found within them); thus modernity could interfere with health via “missing exposures”. With the advantage of emerging research involving green space, the microbiome, biodiversity and positive psychology, we discuss ecological justice in the dysbiosphere and the forces—financial inequity, voids in public policy, marketing and otherwise—that interfere with the fundamental rights of children to thrive in a healthy urban ecosystem and learn respect for the natural environment. We emphasize health within the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) rubric and suggest that greater focus on positive exposures might uncover mechanisms of resiliency that contribute to maximizing human potential. We will entrain our perspective to socioeconomic disadvantage in developed nations and what we have described as “grey space”; this is a mental as much as a physical environment, a space that serves to insidiously reinforce unhealthy behavior, compromise positive psychological outlook and, ultimately, trans-generational health. It is a dwelling place that cannot be fixed with encephalobiotics or the drug-class known as psychobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Prescott
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, Australia.
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, P.O. Box D184, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth 6001, Australia.
| | - Alan C Logan
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, Australia.
- PathLight Synergy, 23679 Calabassas Road, Suite 542, Calabassas, CA 91302, USA.
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14
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Katapally TR, Rainham D, Muhajarine N. The Influence of Weather Variation, Urban Design and Built Environment on Objectively Measured Sedentary Behaviour in Children. AIMS Public Health 2016; 3:663-681. [PMID: 29546188 PMCID: PMC5690398 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.4.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With emerging evidence indicating that independent of physical activity, sedentary behaviour (SB) can be detrimental to health, researchers are increasingly aiming to understand the influence of multiple contexts such as urban design and built environment on SB. However, weather variation, a factor that continuously interacts with all other environmental variables, has been consistently underexplored. This study investigated the influence of diverse environmental exposures (including weather variation, urban design and built environment) on SB in children. This cross-sectional observational study is part of an active living research initiative set in the Canadian prairie city of Saskatoon. Saskatoon's neighbourhoods were classified based on urban street design into grid-pattern, fractured grid-pattern and curvilinear types of neighbourhoods. Diverse environmental exposures were measured including, neighbourhood built environment, and neighbourhood and household socioeconomic environment. Actical accelerometers were deployed between April and June 2010 (spring-summer) to derive SB of 331 10–14 year old children in 25 one week cycles. Each cycle of accelerometry was conducted on a different cohort of children within the total sample. Accelerometer data were matched with localized weather patterns derived from Environment Canada weather data. Multilevel modeling using Hierarchical Linear and Non-linear Modeling software was conducted by factoring in weather variation to depict the influence of diverse environmental exposures on SB. Both weather variation and urban design played a significant role in SB. After factoring in weather variation, it was observed that children living in grid-pattern neighbourhoods closer to the city centre (with higher diversity of destinations) were less likely to be sedentary. This study demonstrates a methodology that could be replicated to integrate geography-specific weather patterns with existing cross-sectional accelerometry data to understand the influence of urban design and built environment on SB in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Reddy Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Canada.,Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Daniel Rainham
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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15
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Holt NL, Neely KC, Spence JC, Carson V, Pynn SR, Boyd KA, Ingstrup M, Robinson Z. An intergenerational study of perceptions of changes in active free play among families from rural areas of Western Canada. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:829. [PMID: 27538781 PMCID: PMC4991208 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's engagement in active free play has declined across recent generations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of intergenerational changes in active free play among families from rural areas. We addressed two research questions: (1) How has active free play changed across three generations? (2) What suggestions do participants have for reviving active free play? METHODS Data were collected via 49 individual interviews with members of 16 families (15 grandparents, 16 parents, and 18 children) residing in rural areas/small towns in the Province of Alberta (Canada). Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic analysis guided by an ecological framework of active free play. RESULTS Factors that depicted the changing nature of active free play were coded in the themes of less imagination/more technology, safety concerns, surveillance, other children to play with, purposeful physical activity, play spaces/organized activities, and the good parenting ideal. Suggestions for reviving active free play were coded in the themes of enhance facilities to keep kids entertained, provide more opportunities for supervised play, create more community events, and decrease use of technology. CONCLUSIONS These results reinforce the need to consider multiple levels of social ecology in the study of active free play, and highlight the importance of community-based initiatives to revive active free play in ways that are consistent with contemporary notions of good parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L. Holt
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Kacey C. Neely
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - John C. Spence
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Shannon R. Pynn
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Kassi A. Boyd
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Meghan Ingstrup
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Zac Robinson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
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16
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Perceived Neighborhood and Home Environmental Factors Associated with Television Viewing among Taiwanese Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13070708. [PMID: 27420086 PMCID: PMC4962249 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between perceived neighborhood and home environmental factors and excessive television (TV) viewing time among Taiwanese older adults. The sample data was collected by administering computer-assisted telephone interviewers to 980 Taiwanese older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) living in two regions. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to examine the associations between self-reported perceived neighborhood and home environmental attributions and TV viewing time by using logistic regression analyses. The results showed that perceived neighborhood and home environmental factors were associated with excessive TV viewing time (≥2 h/day) after adjusting for potential confounders. Compared with a reference group, older adults who perceived their neighborhoods to have unsafe traffic were more likely to report excessive TV viewing time (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.02–1.82). Older adults who reported having two or more TV sets in the home (OR = 1.77, CI = 1.28–2.44) and having a TV in the bedroom (OR = 1.55, CI = 1.18–2.03) were also more likely to report excessive TV viewing time. Further longitudinal research can confirm these findings, and tailored interventions focusing on the perceptions of neighborhood traffic safety and TV access at home for older adults might be effective means of preventing excessive TV viewing time.
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17
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Budd EL, Aaron Hipp J, Geary N, Dodson EA. Racial differences in parental perceptions of the neighborhood as predictors of children's physical activity and sedentary behavior. Prev Med Rep 2016; 2:397-402. [PMID: 26844096 PMCID: PMC4721463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Most U.S. children engage in insufficient physical activity (PA) and spend too much time in sedentary behaviors (SBs), leading to increased risk of obesity and chronic disease. Evidence remains inconsistent on relationships between parental perceptions of the neighborhood and children's PA and SB. This study examines parental neighborhood perceptions, stratified by race, as predictors of children's PA and SB. Methods Relationships were tested with regressions stratified by parental race. The sample included 196 parents, residing in St. Louis, Missouri with a child at home. Participants responded to a mailed survey in 2012. Parental neighborhood perceptions were examined by mean composite scores and individual items. Results For parents of all races, perceived barriers negatively predicted the number of days in a week children engaged in ≥ 60 min of PA. Examining parental neighborhood perceptions by individual item, the perception that drivers exceed neighborhood speed limits was a positive predictor of their children's SB only among white parents. Only among minority-race parents was perceived neighborhood crime rate a positive predictor of their children's SB. Conclusions While predictors of children's PA did not differ widely, several distinct predictors of children's SB by parental race lend support toward further examination of this topic. We examine parental neighborhood perceptions by race and children's behaviors. For all parents, perceived barriers negatively predict children's activity. For white parents, speeding cars positively predict children's sedentary behavior. For minority-race parents, crime positively predicts children's sedentary behavior. Results could inform tailored strategies for reducing children's sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Budd
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Nora Geary
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Dodson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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18
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Noonan RJ, Boddy LM, Knowles ZR, Fairclough SJ. Cross-sectional associations between high-deprivation home and neighbourhood environments, and health-related variables among Liverpool children. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e008693. [PMID: 26769779 PMCID: PMC4735160 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To investigate differences in health-related, home and neighbourhood environmental variables between Liverpool children living in areas of high deprivation (HD) and medium-to-high deprivation (MD) and (2) to assess associations between these perceived home and neighbourhood environments and health-related variables stratified by deprivation group. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING 10 Liverpool primary schools in 2014. PARTICIPANTS 194 children aged 9-10 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Health-related variables (self-reported physical activity (PA) (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children, PAQ-C), cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index (BMI) z-scores, waist circumference), home environment variables: (garden/backyard access, independent mobility, screen-based media restrictions, bedroom media) and neighbourhood walkability (Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth, NEWS-Y). EXPLANATORY MEASURES Area deprivation. RESULTS There were significant differences between HD and MD children's BMI z-scores (p<0.01), waist circumference (p<0.001) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p<0.01). HD children had significantly higher bedroom media availability (p<0.05) and independent mobility scores than MD children (p<0.05). MD children had significantly higher residential density and neighbourhood aesthetics scores, and lower crime safety, pedestrian and road traffic safety scores than HD children, all of which indicated higher walkability (p<0.01). HD children's BMI z-scores (β=-0.29, p<0.01) and waist circumferences (β=-0.27, p<0.01) were inversely associated with neighbourhood aesthetics. HD children's PA was negatively associated with bedroom media (β=-0.24, p<0.01), and MD children's PA was positively associated with independent mobility (β=0.25, p<0.01). MD children's independent mobility was inversely associated with crime safety (β=-0.28, p<0.01) and neighbourhood aesthetics (β=-0.24, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children living in HD areas had the least favourable health-related variables and were exposed to home and neighbourhood environments that are unconducive to health-promoting behaviours. Less access to bedroom media equipment and greater independent mobility were strongly associated with higher PA in HD and MD children, respectively. Facilitating independent mobility and encouraging outdoor play may act as effective strategies to enhance PA levels and reduce sedentary time in primary school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Noonan
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Lynne M Boddy
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Zoe R Knowles
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Stuart J Fairclough
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
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19
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Dong B, Wang Z, Ma J. Urban-rural disparity in blood pressure among Chinese children: 1985-2010. Eur J Public Health 2015; 26:569-75. [PMID: 26715473 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the urban-rural gap in childhood blood pressure (BP) is crucial to alleviate the urban-rural disparity in burden of hypertension in the future. This study investigated trends in urban-rural BP disparity and the influence of body mass index among Chinese children between 1985 and 2010. METHODS Data included 1 010 153 children aged 8-17 years enrolled in the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health, a successive national cross-sectional survey. High BP was defined according to age-sex- and height-specific 95th percentile. Multi-variable linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the urban-rural BP differentials. RESULTS Although urban children had greater prevalence of overweight and obesity than rural counterparts, rural children revealed higher levels of BP across the consecutive 25-year periods. The urban-rural disparity in prevalence of high systolic BP decreased from 2.3 (95% confidence interval: 2.3, 2.6) % to 0.2 (-0.1, 0.4) % in boys and 3.7 (3.5, 4.0) % to 0.6 (0.3, 0.8) % in girls between 1985 and 2010 after adjusting for confounding factors. Further adjustment of body mass index did not change the urban-rural disparity and its trend. The similar results were also observed for diastolic BP. CONCLUSIONS Despite the urban-rural disparity in BP decreased between 1985 and 2010, rural children constantly showed higher BP levels than their urban counterparts. Since these differentials in BP cannot be explained by obesity, study of other potential factors could provide further opportunity to bridge this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- 1 Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China 2 Centre for Chronic Disease, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- 1 Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China 2 Centre for Chronic Disease, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jun Ma
- 1 Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Garcia-Cervantes L, Rodríguez-Romo G, Esteban-Cornejo I, Cabanas-Sanchez V, Delgado-Alfonso Á, Castro-Piñero J, Veiga ÓL. Perceived environment in relation to objective and self-reported physical activity in Spanish youth. The UP&DOWN study. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:1423-9. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1116708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Timperio A, Reid J, Veitch J. Playability: Built and Social Environment Features That Promote Physical Activity Within Children. Curr Obes Rep 2015; 4:460-76. [PMID: 26399255 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-015-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of neighbourhood built and social environments in shaping children's physical activity has received increasing interest over the past 10 years. We reviewed recent evidence published between 2011 and 2014. Most of the recent evidence continues to be cross-sectional. Few macro-level neighbourhood attributes were consistently associated with physical activity in the expected direction. The strongest evidence for associations between neighbourhood attributes and physical activity with was for the transportation environment, particularly in relation to proximity to school and transport-related physical activity. There was intermediate evidence that neighbourhood walking/cycling infrastructure and pedestrian safety structures are associated with transport-related PA. Recent evidence on associations between the neighbourhood built and social environment and children's PA is modest. Stronger study designs and greater attention to conceptual-matching and specificity of measures are critical to advance the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Timperio
- Centre for Physical Activity & Nutrition Research, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline Reid
- Centre for Physical Activity & Nutrition Research, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Jenny Veitch
- Centre for Physical Activity & Nutrition Research, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
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22
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Katapally TR, Muhajarine N. Capturing the Interrelationship between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Children in the Context of Diverse Environmental Exposures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:10995-1011. [PMID: 26371015 PMCID: PMC4586657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120910995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Even though physical activity and sedentary behaviour are two distinct behaviours, their interdependent relationship needs to be studied in the same environment. This study examines the influence of urban design, neighbourhood built and social environment, and household and individual factors on the interdependent relationship between objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children in the Canadian city of Saskatoon. Saskatoon’s built environment was assessed by two validated observation tools. Neighbourhood socioeconomic variables were derived from 2006 Statistics Canada Census and 2010 G5 Census projections. A questionnaire was administered to 10–14 year old children to collect individual and household data, followed by accelerometry to collect physical activity and sedentary behaviour data. Multilevel logistic regression models were developed to understand the interrelationship between physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the context of diverse environmental exposures. A complex set of factors including denser built environment, positive peer relationships and consistent parental support influenced the interrelationship between physical activity and sedentary behaviour. In developing interventions to facilitate active living, it is not only imperative to delineate pathways through which diverse environmental exposures influence physical activity and sedentary behaviour, but also to account for the interrelationship between physical activity and sedentary behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun R Katapally
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada.
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina S4S 7H1, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada.
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan and University of Regina, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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23
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Logan AC, Katzman MA, Balanzá-Martínez V. Natural environments, ancestral diets, and microbial ecology: is there a modern "paleo-deficit disorder"? Part I. J Physiol Anthropol 2015; 34:1. [PMID: 25636731 PMCID: PMC4318214 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-015-0041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Famed microbiologist René J. Dubos (1901-1982) was an early pioneer in the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) construct. In the 1960s, he conducted groundbreaking experimental research concerning the ways in which early-life experience with nutrition, microbiota, stress, and other environmental variables could influence later-life health outcomes. He also wrote extensively on potential health consequences of a progressive loss of contact with natural environments (now referred to as green or blue space), arguing that Paleolithic experiences have created needs, particularly in the mental realm, that might not be met in the context of rapid global urbanization. He posited that humans would certainly adapt to modern urban landscapes and high technology, but there might be a toll to be paid in the form of higher psychological distress (symptoms of anxiety and depression) and diminished quality of life. In particular, there might be an erosion of humanness, exemplified by declines in altruism/empathy. Here in the first of a two-part review, we examine contemporary research related to natural environments and question to what extent Dubos might have been correct in some of his 50-year-old assertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Logan
- CAMNR, 23679 Calabasas Road Suite 542, Calabasas, CA, 91302, USA.
| | - Martin A Katzman
- START Clinic for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, 32 Park Road, Toronto, ON, M4W 2 N4, Canada.
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Department of Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University of Valencia Medical School, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, E46010, Valencia, Spain.
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Kottyan G, Kottyan L, Edwards NM, Unaka NI. Assessment of active play, inactivity and perceived barriers in an inner city neighborhood. J Community Health 2014; 39:538-44. [PMID: 24306236 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-013-9794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Avondale, a disadvantaged neighborhood in Cincinnati, lags behind on a number of indicators of child well-being. Childhood obesity has become increasingly prevalent, as one-third of Avondale's kindergarteners are obese or overweight. The study objective was to determine perceptions of the quantity of and obstacles to childhood physical activity in the Avondale community. Caregivers of children from two elementary schools were surveyed to assess their child's physical activity and barriers to being active. Three hundred and forty surveys were returned out of 1,047 for a response rate of 32%. On school days, 41% of caregivers reported that their children spent more than 2 h watching television, playing video games, or spending time on the computer. While over half of respondents reported that their children get more than 2 h of physical activity on school days, 14% of children were reported to be physically active less than 1 h per day. Caregivers identified violence, cost of extracurricular activities, and lack of organized activities as barriers to their child's physical activity. The overwhelming majority of caregivers expressed interest in a program to make local playgrounds safer. In conclusion, children in Avondale are not participating in enough physical activity and are exposed to more screen time than is recommended by the AAP. Safety concerns were identified as a critical barrier to address in future advocacy efforts in this community. This project represents an important step toward increasing the physical activity of children in Avondale and engaging the local community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Kottyan
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. ML 5018, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA,
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25
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The home physical environment and its relationship with physical activity and sedentary behavior: a systematic review. Prev Med 2014; 67:221-37. [PMID: 25084562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reviews of neighborhood (macro) environment characteristics such as the presence of sidewalks and esthetics have shown significant correlations with resident physical activity (PA) and sedentary (SD) behavior. Currently, no comprehensive review has appraised and collected available evidence on the home (micro) physical environment. The purpose of this review was to examine how the home physical environment relates to adult and child PA and SD behaviors. Articles were searched during May 2014 using Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases which yielded 3265 potential studies. Papers were considered eligible if they investigated the presence of PA (ie. exercise equipment, exergaming devices) or SD (ie. television, videogames) equipment and PA or SD behavior. After, screening and manual cross-referencing, 49 studies (20 experimental and 29 observational designs) were found to meet the eligibility criteria. Interventions that reduced sedentary time by using TV limiting devices were shown to be effective for children but the results were limited for adults. Overall, large exercise equipment (ie. treadmills), and prominent exergaming materials (exergaming bike, dance mats) were found to be more effective than smaller devices. Observational studies revealed that location and quantity of televisions correlated with SD behavior with the latter having a greater effect on girls. This was similarly found for the quantity of PA equipment which also correlated with behavior in females. Given the large market for exercise equipment, videos and exergaming, the limited work performed on its effectiveness in homes is alarming. Future research should focus on developing stronger randomized controlled trials, investigate the location of PA equipment, and examine mediators of the gender discrepancy found in contemporary studies.
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Logan AC, Jacka FN. Nutritional psychiatry research: an emerging discipline and its intersection with global urbanization, environmental challenges and the evolutionary mismatch. J Physiol Anthropol 2014; 33:22. [PMID: 25060574 PMCID: PMC4131231 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-33-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In 21st-century public health, rapid urbanization and mental health disorders are a growing global concern. The relationship between diet, brain function and the risk of mental disorders has been the subject of intense research in recent years. In this review, we examine some of the potential socioeconomic and environmental challenges detracting from the traditional dietary patterns that might otherwise support positive mental health. In the context of urban expansion, climate change, cultural and technological changes and the global industrialization and ultraprocessing of food, findings related to nutrition and mental health are connected to some of the most pressing issues of our time. The research is also of relevance to matters of biophysiological anthropology. We explore some aspects of a potential evolutionary mismatch between our ancestral past (Paleolithic, Neolithic) and the contemporary nutritional environment. Changes related to dietary acid load, advanced glycation end products and microbiota (via dietary choices and cooking practices) may be of relevance to depression, anxiety and other mental disorders. In particular, the results of emerging studies demonstrate the importance of prenatal and early childhood dietary practices within the developmental origins of health and disease concept. There is still much work to be done before these population studies and their mirrored advances in bench research can provide translation to clinical medicine and public health policy. However, the clear message is that in the midst of a looming global epidemic, we ignore nutrition at our peril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Logan
- CAMNR, 23679 Calabasas Road Suite 542, Calabasas, CA 91302, USA
| | - Felice N Jacka
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT SRC, PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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27
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Escalante Y, Backx K, Saavedra JM. Relationship Between Break-Time Physical Activity, Age, and Sex in a Rural Primary Schools, Wales, UK. J Hum Kinet 2014; 40:227-34. [PMID: 25031690 PMCID: PMC4096091 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2014-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the physical activity during the break-times of primary school children in rural areas, and its relationship with age and sex. 380 children (192 boys and 188 girls; age=9.5±1.1 years) participated in the study. Break-time physical activity in the morning and lunch breaks was measured by accelerometry. An ANOVA was used to determine differences by sex in each age group, together with the respective confidence intervals and effect sizes. The results showed that 8-year-olds performed more physical exercise than 11-year-olds during the two breaks (p=0.005). For the boys, the 8-year-olds did more physical activity than the 10-year-olds, while, for the girls, those aged 8 and 9 years did more PA than girls aged 11 years (p<0.001). The only difference between boys and girls was for the 10-year-olds (p=0.043), with the boys doing more physical activity. Teachers might find it useful to take these findings into account to design physical activity programmes aimed at increasing the playground physical activity of older children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Escalante
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, AFIDES Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Karianne Backx
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M. Saavedra
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, AFIDES Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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