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Evers S. The Cerebellum in Musicology: a Narrative Review. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1165-1175. [PMID: 37594626 PMCID: PMC11102367 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in cognitive procressing including music perception and music production. This narrative review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the activation of the cerebellum by different musical stimuli, on the involvement of the cerebellum in cognitive loops underlying the analysis of music, and on the role of the cerebellum in the motor network underlying music production. A possible role of the cerebellum in therapeutic settings is also briefly discussed. In a second part, the cerebellum as object of musicology (i.e., in classical music, in contemporary music, cerebellar disorders of musicians) is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Evers
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus Lindenbrunn, 31863, Coppenbrügge, Lindenbrunn 1, Germany.
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2
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Pang W, Xia Z, Zhang L, Shu H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Stimulus-responsive and task-dependent activations in occipital regions during pitch perception by early blind listeners. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26583. [PMID: 38339902 PMCID: PMC10823761 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it has been established that cross-modal activations occur in the occipital cortex during auditory processing among congenitally and early blind listeners, it remains uncertain whether these activations in various occipital regions reflect sensory analysis of specific sound properties, non-perceptual cognitive operations associated with active tasks, or the interplay between sensory analysis and cognitive operations. This fMRI study aimed to investigate cross-modal responses in occipital regions, specifically V5/MT and V1, during passive and active pitch perception by early blind individuals compared to sighted individuals. The data showed that V5/MT was responsive to pitch during passive perception, and its activations increased with task complexity. By contrast, widespread occipital regions, including V1, were only recruited during two active perception tasks, and their activations were also modulated by task complexity. These fMRI results from blind individuals suggest that while V5/MT activations are both stimulus-responsive and task-modulated, activations in other occipital regions, including V1, are dependent on the task, indicating similarities and differences between various visual areas during auditory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengbin Pang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovernBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhichao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovernBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- School of Systems ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Brain Imaging Research CenterUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldConnecticutUSA
| | - Linjun Zhang
- School of Chinese as a Second LanguagePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hua Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovernBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech‐Language‐Hearing Sciences and Center for Neurobehavioral DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Guinamard A, Clément S, Goemaere S, Mary A, Riquet A, Dellacherie D. Musical abilities in children with developmental cerebellar anomalies. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:886427. [PMID: 36061946 PMCID: PMC9436271 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.886427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental Cerebellar Anomalies (DCA) are rare diseases (e.g., Joubert syndrome) that affect various motor and non-motor functions during childhood. The present study examined whether music perception and production are affected in children with DCA. Sixteen children with DCA and 37 healthy matched control children were tested with the Montreal Battery for Evaluation of Musical Abilities (MBEMA) to assess musical perception. Musical production was assessed using two singing tasks: a pitch-matching task and a melodic reproduction task. Mixed model analyses showed that children with DCA were impaired on the MBEMA rhythm perception subtest, whereas there was no difference between the two groups on the melodic perception subtest. Children with DCA were also impaired in the melodic reproduction task. In both groups, singing performance was positively correlated with rhythmic and melodic perception scores, and a strong correlation was found between singing ability and oro-bucco-facial praxis in children with DCA. Overall, children with DCA showed impairments in both music perception and production, although heterogeneity in cerebellar patient’s profiles was highlighted by individual analyses. These results confirm the role of the cerebellum in rhythm processing as well as in the vocal sensorimotor loop in a developmental perspective. Rhythmic deficits in cerebellar patients are discussed in light of recent work on predictive timing networks including the cerebellum. Our results open innovative remediation perspectives aiming at improving perceptual and/or production musical abilities while considering the heterogeneity of patients’ clinical profiles to design music-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Guinamard
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 – PSITEC – Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Émotions, Cognition, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Antoine Guinamard,
| | - Sylvain Clément
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 – PSITEC – Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Émotions, Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Goemaere
- CHU Lille, Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Centre Régional de Diagnostic des Troubles d’Apprentissage, Lille, France
| | - Alice Mary
- CHU Lille, Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Riquet
- CHU Lille, Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Dellacherie
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 – PSITEC – Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Émotions, Cognition, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Lille, France
- Delphine Dellacherie,
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4
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Music and the Cerebellum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1378:195-212. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99550-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Principles of Brain and Emotion: Beyond the Cortico-Centric Bias. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1378:13-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99550-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Llano DA, Kwok SS, Devanarayan V. Reported Hearing Loss in Alzheimer's Disease Is Associated With Loss of Brainstem and Cerebellar Volume. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:739754. [PMID: 34630060 PMCID: PMC8498578 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.739754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple epidemiological studies have revealed an association between presbycusis and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Unfortunately, the neurobiological underpinnings of this relationship are not clear. It is possible that the two disorders share a common, as yet unidentified, risk factor, or that hearing loss may independently accelerate AD pathology. Here, we examined the relationship between reported hearing loss and brain volumes in normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD subjects using a publicly available database. We found that among subjects with AD, individuals that reported hearing loss had smaller brainstem and cerebellar volumes in both hemispheres than individuals without hearing loss. In addition, we found that these brain volumes diminish in size more rapidly among normal subjects with reported hearing loss and that there was a significant interaction between cognitive diagnosis and the relationship between reported hearing loss and these brain volumes. These data suggest that hearing loss is linked to brainstem and cerebellar pathology, but only in the context of the pathological state of AD. We hypothesize that the presence of AD-related pathology in both the brainstem and cerebellum creates vulnerabilities in these brain regions to auditory deafferentation-related atrophy. These data have implications for our understanding of the potential neural substrates for interactions between hearing loss and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Llano
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Carle Neuroscience Institute, Urbana, IL, United States.,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Susanna S Kwok
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Viswanath Devanarayan
- Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, NJ, United States.,Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Abstract
Action videogames have been shown to induce modifications in perceptual and cognitive systems, as well as in brain structure and function. Nevertheless, whether such changes are correlated with brain functional connectivity modifications outlasting the training period is not known. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in order to quantify acute and long-lasting connectivity changes following a sustained gaming experience on a first-person shooter (FPS) game. Thirty-five healthy participants were assigned to either a gaming or a control group prior to the acquisition of resting state fMRI data and a comprehensive cognitive assessment at baseline (T0), post-gaming (T1) and at a 3 months' follow-up (T2). Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analysis revealed a significant greater connectivity between left thalamus and left parahippocampal gyrus in the gamer group, both at T1 and at T2. Furthermore, a positive increase in the rs-FC between the cerebellum, Heschl's gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus paralleled improvements of in-gaming performance. In addition, baseline rs-FC of left supramarginal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus and right cerebellum were associated with individual changes in videogame performance. Finally, enhancement of perceptual and attentional measures was observed at both T1 and T2, which correlated with a pattern of rs-FC changes in bilateral occipito-temporal regions belonging to the visual and attention fMRI networks. The present findings increase knowledge on functional connectivity changes induced by action videogames, pointing to a greater and long-lasting synchronization between brain regions associated with spatial orientation, visual discrimination and motor learning even after a relatively short multi-day gaming exposure.
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Ren J, Hubbard CS, Ahveninen J, Cui W, Li M, Peng X, Luan G, Han Y, Li Y, Shinn AK, Wang D, Li L, Liu H. Dissociable Auditory Cortico-Cerebellar Pathways in the Human Brain Estimated by Intrinsic Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2898-2912. [PMID: 33497437 PMCID: PMC8107796 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum, a structure historically associated with motor control, has more recently been implicated in several higher-order auditory-cognitive functions. However, the exact functional pathways that mediate cerebellar influences on auditory cortex (AC) remain unclear. Here, we sought to identify auditory cortico-cerebellar pathways based on intrinsic functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast to previous connectivity studies that principally consider the AC as a single functionally homogenous unit, we mapped the cerebellar connectivity across different parts of the AC. Our results reveal that auditory subareas demonstrating different levels of interindividual functional variability are functionally coupled with distinct cerebellar regions. Moreover, auditory and sensorimotor areas show divergent cortico-cerebellar connectivity patterns, although sensorimotor areas proximal to the AC are often functionally grouped with the AC in previous connectivity-based network analyses. Lastly, we found that the AC can be functionally segmented into highly similar subareas based on either cortico-cerebellar or cortico-cortical functional connectivity, suggesting the existence of multiple parallel auditory cortico-cerebellar circuits that involve different subareas of the AC. Overall, the present study revealed multiple auditory cortico-cerebellar pathways and provided a fine-grained map of AC subareas, indicative of the critical role of the cerebellum in auditory processing and multisensory integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Catherine S Hubbard
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jyrki Ahveninen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Weigang Cui
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xiaolong Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Guoming Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100093 Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Ann K Shinn
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Danhong Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Luming Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Precision Medicine & Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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9
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Thomasson M, Benis D, Saj A, Voruz P, Ronchi R, Grandjean D, Assal F, Péron J. Sensory contribution to vocal emotion deficit in patients with cerebellar stroke. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 31:102690. [PMID: 34000647 PMCID: PMC8138671 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing evidence of cerebellar involvement in emotion processing. Difficulties in the recognition of emotion from voices (i.e., emotional prosody) have been observed following cerebellar stroke. However, the interplay between sensory and higher-order cognitive dysfunction in these deficits, as well as possible hemispheric specialization for emotional prosody processing, has yet to be elucidated. We investigated the emotional prosody recognition performances of patients with right versus left cerebellar lesions, as well as of matched controls, entering the acoustic features of the stimuli in our statistical model. We also explored the cerebellar lesion-behavior relationship, using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. Results revealed impairment of vocal emotion recognition in both patient subgroups, particularly for neutral or negative prosody, with a higher number of misattributions in patients with right-hemispheric stroke. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping showed that some emotional misattributions correlated with lesions in the right Lobules VIIb and VIII and right Crus I and II. Furthermore, a significant proportion of the variance in this misattribution was explained by acoustic features such as pitch, loudness, and spectral aspects. These results point to bilateral posterior cerebellar involvement in both the sensory and cognitive processing of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Thomasson
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Damien Benis
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Saj
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, 2900 Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Voruz
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Ronchi
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Grandjean
- Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Assal
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Péron
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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10
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Spontaneous brain activity underlying auditory hallucinations in the hearing-impaired. Cortex 2021; 136:1-13. [PMID: 33450598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Auditory hallucinations, the perception of a sound without a corresponding source, are common in people with hearing impairment. Two forms can be distinguished: simple (i.e., tinnitus) and complex hallucinations (speech and music). Little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying these types of hallucinations. Here we tested the assumption that spontaneous activity in the auditory pathways, following deafferentation, underlies these hallucinations and is related to their phenomenology. By extracting (fractional) Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation [(f)ALFF] scores from resting state fMRI of 18 hearing impaired patients with complex hallucinations (voices or music), 18 hearing impaired patients with simple hallucinations (tinnitus or murmuring), and 20 controls with normal hearing, we investigated differences in spontaneous brain activity between these groups. Spontaneous activity in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex of hearing-impaired groups was significantly higher than in the controls. The group with complex hallucinations showed elevated activity in the bilateral temporal cortex including Wernicke's area, while spontaneous activity of the group with simple hallucinations was mainly located in the cerebellum. These results suggest a decrease in error monitoring in both hearing-impaired groups. Spontaneous activity of language-related areas only in complex hallucinations suggests that the manifestation of the spontaneous activity represents the phenomenology of the hallucination. The link between cerebellar activity and simple hallucinations, such as tinnitus, is new and may have consequences for treatment.
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11
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Gallotti AL, Machetanz K, Trakolis L, Tatagiba M, Naros G. The involvement of the cortifugal fibers in hearing impairment related to a pontine capillary telangiectasia: a connectome-based analysis: Brainstem connectome analysis in pontine capillary teleangiectasia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 199:106241. [PMID: 33053457 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto L Gallotti
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery and Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Kathrin Machetanz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Leonidas Trakolis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Georgios Naros
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Dissociation between Cerebellar and Cerebral Neural Activities in Humans with Long-Term Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:8354849. [PMID: 31049056 PMCID: PMC6458952 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8354849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal neural activity in the cerebellum has been implicated in hearing impairments, but the effects of long-term hearing loss on cerebellar function are poorly understood. To further explore the role of long-term bilateral sensorineural hearing loss on cerebellar function, we investigated hearing loss-induced changes among neural networks within cerebellar subregions and the changes in cerebellar-cerebral connectivity patterns using resting-state functional MRI. Twenty-one subjects with long-term bilateral moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss and 21 matched controls with clinically normal hearing underwent MRI scanning and a series of neuropsychological tests targeting cognition and emotion. Voxel-wise functional connectivity (FC) analysis demonstrated decreased couplings between the cerebellum and other cerebral areas, including the temporal pole (TP), insula, supramarginal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), medial frontal gyrus, and thalamus, in long-term bilateral sensorineural hearing loss patients. An ROI-wise FC analysis found weakened interregional connections within cerebellar subdivisions. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between anxiety and FC between the left cerebellar lobe VI and left insula. Hearing ability and anxiety scores were also correlated with FC between the left cerebellar lobe VI and left TP, as well as the right cerebellar lobule VI and left IFG. Our results suggest that sensorineural hearing loss disrupts cerebellar-cerebral circuits, some potentially linked to anxiety, and interregional cerebellar connectivity. The findings contribute to a growing body showing that auditory deprivation caused by cochlear hearing loss disrupts not only activity with the classical auditory pathway but also portions of the cerebellum that communicates with other cortical networks.
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13
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Insights from perceptual, sensory, and motor functioning in autism and cerebellar primary disturbances: Are there reliable markers for these disorders? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:263-279. [PMID: 30268434 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of cerebellar circuitry alterations in the pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been widely investigated in the last decades. Yet, experimental studies on neurocognitive markers of ASD have not been attentively compared with similar studies in patients with cerebellar primary disturbances (e.g., malformations, agenesis, degeneration, etc). Addressing this neglected issue could be useful to underline unexpected areas of overlap and/or underestimated differences between these sets of conditions. In fact, ASD and cerebellar primary disturbances (notably, Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome, CCAS) can share atypical manifestations in perceptual, sensory, and motor functions, but neural subcircuits involved in these anomalies/difficulties could be distinct. Here, we specifically deal with this issue focusing on four paradigmatic neurocognitive functions: visual and biological motion perception, multisensory integration, and high stages of the motor hierarchy. From a research perspective, this represents an essential challenge to more deeply understand neurocognitive markers of ASD and of cerebellar primary disturbances/CCAS. Although we cannot assume definitive conclusions, and beyond phenotypical similarities between ASD and CCAS, clinical and experimental evidence described in this work argues that ASD and CCAS are distinct phenomena. ASD and CCAS seem to be characterized by different pathophysiological mechanisms and mediated by distinct neural nodes. In parallel, from a clinical perspective, this characterization may furnish insights to tackle the distinction between autistic functioning/autistic phenotype (in ASD) and dysmetria of thought/autistic-like phenotype (in CCAS).
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14
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Tekriwal A, Felsen G, Thompson JA. Modular auditory decision-making behavioral task designed for intraoperative use in humans. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 304:162-167. [PMID: 29746889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurosurgical interventions that require active patient feedback, such as deep brain stimulation surgery, create an opportunity to conduct cognitive or behavioral experiments during the acquisition of invasive neurophysiology. Optimal design and implementation of intraoperative behavioral experiments require consideration of stimulus presentation, time and surgical constraints. We describe the use of a modular, inexpensive system that implements a decision-making paradigm, designed to overcome challenges associated with the operative environment. NEW METHOD We have created an auditory, two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task for intraoperative use. Behavioral responses were acquired using an Arduino based single-hand held joystick controller equipped with a 3-axis accelerometer, and two button presses, capable of sampling at 2 kHz. We include designs for all task relevant code, 3D printed components, and Arduino pin-out diagram. RESULTS We demonstrate feasibility both in and out of the operating room with behavioral results represented by three healthy control subjects and two Parkinson's disease subjects undergoing deep brain stimulator implantation. Psychometric assessment of performance indicated that the subjects could detect, interpret and respond accurately to the task stimuli using the joystick controller. We also demonstrate, using intraoperative neurophysiology recorded during the task, that the behavioral system described here allows us to examine neural correlates of human behavior. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS For low cost and minimal effort, any clinical neural recording system can be adapted for intraoperative behavioral testing with our experimental setup. CONCLUSION Our system will enable clinicians and basic scientists to conduct intraoperative awake and behaving electrophysiologic studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Tekriwal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gidon Felsen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, USA
| | - John A Thompson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Feng Y, Chen YC, Lv H, Xia W, Mao CN, Bo F, Chen H, Xu JJ, Yin X. Increased Resting-State Cerebellar-Cerebral Functional Connectivity Underlying Chronic Tinnitus. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:59. [PMID: 29556191 PMCID: PMC5844916 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Chronic subjective tinnitus may arise from aberrant functional coupling between the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex. To explore this hypothesis, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to illuminate the functional connectivity network of the cerebellar regions in chronic tinnitus patients and controls. Methods: Resting-state fMRI scans were obtained from 28 chronic tinnitus patients and 29 healthy controls (well matched for age, sex and education) in this study. Cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity was characterized using a seed-based whole-brain correlation method. The resulting cerebellar functional connectivity measures were correlated with each clinical tinnitus characteristic. Results: Chronic tinnitus patients demonstrated increased functional connectivity between the cerebellum and several cerebral regions, including the superior temporal gyrus (STG), parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), inferior occipital gyrus (IOG), and precentral gyrus. The enhanced functional connectivity between the left cerebellar Lobule VIIb and the right STG was positively correlated with the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaires (THQ) score (r = 0.577, p = 0.004). Furthermore, the increased functional connectivity between the cerebellar vermis and the right STG was also associated with the THQ score (r = 0.432, p = 0.039). Conclusions: Chronic tinnitus patients have greater cerebellar functional connectivity to certain cerebral brain regions which is associated with specific tinnitus characteristics. Resting-state cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity disturbances may play a pivotal role in neuropathological features of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Lv
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cun-Nan Mao
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Bo
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyou Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Jing Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang Y, Mao Z, Feng S, Liu X, Lan L, Zhang J, Yu X. Altered functional networks in long-term unilateral hearing loss: A connectome analysis. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00912. [PMID: 29484269 PMCID: PMC5822584 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In neuroimaging studies, long-term unilateral hearing loss (UHL) is associated with functional changes in specific brain regions and connections; however, little is known regarding alterations in the topological organization of whole-brain functional networks and whether these alterations are related to hearing behavior in UHL patients. Methods We acquired resting-state fMRI data from 21 patients with UHL caused by acoustic neuromas and 21 matched healthy controls. Whole-brain functional networks were constructed by measuring interregional temporal correlations of 278 brain regions. Alterations in interregional functional connectivity and topological properties (e.g., small-world, efficiency, and nodal centrality) were identified using graph-theory analysis. The subjects also completed a battery of hearing behavior measures. Results Both UHL patients and controls exhibited efficient small-world properties in their functional networks. Compared with controls, UHL patients showed increased and decreased nodal centrality in distributed brain regions. Furthermore, the brain regions with significantly increased and decreased functional connections associated with UHL were components of the following important networks: (1) visual network; (2) higher-order functional networks, including the default-mode and attention networks; and (3) subcortical network and cerebellum. Intriguingly, the changes in intranetwork connections in UHL were significantly correlated with disease duration and hearing level. Conclusions This study revealed connectome-level alterations involved in multiple large-scale networks related to sensory and higher-level cognitive functions in long-term UHL patients. These reorganizations of the brain in UHL patients may depend on the stage of deafness and hearing level. Together, our findings provided empirical evidence for understanding the neuroplastic mechanisms underlying hearing impairment, establishing potential biomarkers for monitoring the progression and further treatment effects for UHL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryPLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhiqi Mao
- Department of NeurosurgeryPLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryPLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xinyun Liu
- Department of RadiologyPLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryPLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryPLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xinguang Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryPLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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Abstract
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) with different radiotracers enable regional evaluation of blood flow and glucose metabolism, of receptors and transporters of several molecules, and of abnormal deposition of peptides and proteins in the brain. The cerebellum has been used as a reference region for different radiotracers in several disease conditions. Whole-brain voxel-wise analysis is not affected by a priori knowledge bias and should be preferred. SPECT and PET have contributed to establishing the cerebellum role in motion, cognition, and emotion control in physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. The basic abnormal imaging findings include decreased or increased uptake of flow or metabolism tracers in the cerebellum alone or as part of a network. Decreased uptake is generally observed in primary structural damage of the cerebellum, but can also represent a distant effect of cerebral damage (crossed diaschisis). Increased uptake can be observed in Freidreich ataxia, inflammatory or immune-mediated diseases of the cerebellum, and in status epilepticus. The possibility is also recognized that primary structural damage of the cerebellum might determine distance effects on other brain structures (reversed diaschisis). So far, SPECT and PET have been predominantly used in clinical studies to investigate cerebellar changes in neurologic and psychiatric diseases and in connection with pharmacologic, transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep-brain stimulation, or surgical treatments.
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Arzounian D, de Kerangal M, de Cheveigné A. A sliding two-alternative forced-choice paradigm for pitch discrimination. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 142:167. [PMID: 28764422 DOI: 10.1121/1.4992030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies that measure frequency discrimination often use 2, 3, or 4 tones per trial. This paper shows an investigation of a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task in which each tone of a series is judged relative to the previous tone ("sliding 2AFC"). Potential advantages are a greater yield (number of responses per unit time), and a more uniform history of stimulation for the study of context effects, or to relate time-varying performance to cortical activity. The new task was evaluated relative to a classic 2-tone-per-trial 2AFC task with similar stimulus parameters. For each task, conditions with different stimulus parameters were compared. The main results were as follows: (1) thresholds did not differ significantly between tasks when similar parameters were used. (2) Thresholds did differ between conditions for the new task, showing a deleterious effect of inserting relatively large steps in the frequency sequence. (3) Thresholds also differed between conditions for the classic task, showing an advantage for a fixed frequency standard. There was no indication that results were more variable with either task, and no reason was found not to use the new sliding 2AFC task in lieu of the classic 2-tone-per-trial 2AFC task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Arzounian
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 29 rue d'Ulm, F-75230 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde de Kerangal
- The Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Grays Inn Road, Kings Cross, London WC1X 8EE, United Kingdom
| | - Alain de Cheveigné
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 29 rue d'Ulm, F-75230 Paris, France
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Phenome-wide association study for CYP2A6 alleles: rs113288603 is associated with hearing loss symptoms in elderly smokers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1034. [PMID: 28432340 PMCID: PMC5430682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify novel phenotypic associations related to Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily A Member 6 (CYP2A6), we investigated the human phenome in a total of 11,271 individuals. Initially, we conducted a phenome-wide association study in 3,401 nicotine-exposed elderly subjects considering 358 phenotypic traits. We identified a significant association between CYP2A6 rs113288603 and hearing loss symptoms (p = 5.75 × 10−5). No association was observed in a sample of 3,245 nicotine-unexposed individuals from the same discovery cohort, consistent with the conclusion that the finding is related to CYP2A6 involvement in nicotine metabolism. Consistent results were obtained (p < 0.1) in an independent sample of 2,077 nicotine-exposed elderly subjects, and similarly, no significance was observed in the nicotine-unexposed sample (n = 2,548) of the replication cohort. Additional supporting evidence for this association was provided by gene expression data: rs113288603 is associated with increased CYP2A6 expression in cerebellar hemispheres (p = 7.8 × 10−4). There is a well-known correlation between smoking and age-related hearing loss. Cigarette smoking is associated with structural changes in the brain and CYP2A6 mediates these changes. In this context, the regulatory role of rs113288603 in cerebellum appears to be consistent with the known involvement of this brain region in auditory function.
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Lega C, Vecchi T, D'Angelo E, Cattaneo Z. A TMS investigation on the role of the cerebellum in pitch and timbre discrimination. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2016; 3:6. [PMID: 26937285 PMCID: PMC4774184 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-016-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Growing neuroimaging and clinical evidence suggests that the cerebellum plays a critical role in perception. In the auditory domain, the cerebellum seems to be important in different aspects of music and sound processing. Here we investigated the possible causal role of the cerebellum in two auditory tasks, a pitch discrimination and a timbre discrimination task. Specifically, participants performed a pitch and a timbre discrimination task prior and after receiving offline low frequency transcranical magnetic stimulation (TMS) over their (right) cerebellum. Results Suppressing activity in the right cerebellum by means of inhibitory 1 Hz TMS affected participants’ ability to discriminate pitch but not timbre. Conclusion These findings point to a causal role of the cerebellum in at least certain aspects of sound processing and are important in a clinical perspective helping understanding the impact of cerebellar lesions on sensory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Lega
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Tomaso Vecchi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy ; Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Egidio D'Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy ; Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy ; Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
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21
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Dahlem K, Valko Y, Schmahmann JD, Lewis RF. Cerebellar contributions to self-motion perception: evidence from patients with congenital cerebellar agenesis. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:2280-5. [PMID: 26888100 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00763.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum was historically considered a brain region dedicated to motor control, but it has become clear that it also contributes to sensory processing, particularly when sensory discrimination is required. Prior work, for example, has demonstrated a cerebellar contribution to sensory discrimination in the visual and auditory systems. The cerebellum also receives extensive inputs from the motion and gravity sensors in the vestibular labyrinth, but its role in the perception of head motion and orientation has received little attention. Drawing on the lesion-deficit approach to understanding brain function, we evaluated the contributions of the cerebellum to head motion perception by measuring perceptual thresholds in two subjects with congenital agenesis of the cerebellum. We used a set of passive motion paradigms that activated the semicircular canals or otolith organs in isolation or combination, and compared results of the agenesis patients with healthy control subjects. Perceptual thresholds for head motion were elevated in the agenesis subjects for all motion protocols, most prominently for paradigms that only activated otolith inputs. These results demonstrate that the cerebellum increases the sensitivity of the brain to the motion and orientation signals provided by the labyrinth during passive head movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Dahlem
- Rijksuniversity Groningen University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands; Jenks Vestibular Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yulia Valko
- Jenks Vestibular Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Ataxia Unit, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Richard F Lewis
- Jenks Vestibular Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Baumann O, Borra RJ, Bower JM, Cullen KE, Habas C, Ivry RB, Leggio M, Mattingley JB, Molinari M, Moulton EA, Paulin MG, Pavlova MA, Schmahmann JD, Sokolov AA. Consensus paper: the role of the cerebellum in perceptual processes. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 14:197-220. [PMID: 25479821 PMCID: PMC4346664 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Various lines of evidence accumulated over the past 30 years indicate that the cerebellum, long recognized as essential for motor control, also has considerable influence on perceptual processes. In this paper, we bring together experts from psychology and neuroscience, with the aim of providing a succinct but comprehensive overview of key findings related to the involvement of the cerebellum in sensory perception. The contributions cover such topics as anatomical and functional connectivity, evolutionary and comparative perspectives, visual and auditory processing, biological motion perception, nociception, self-motion, timing, predictive processing, and perceptual sequencing. While no single explanation has yet emerged concerning the role of the cerebellum in perceptual processes, this consensus paper summarizes the impressive empirical evidence on this problem and highlights diversities as well as commonalities between existing hypotheses. In addition to work with healthy individuals and patients with cerebellar disorders, it is also apparent that several neurological conditions in which perceptual disturbances occur, including autism and schizophrenia, are associated with cerebellar pathology. A better understanding of the involvement of the cerebellum in perceptual processes will thus likely be important for identifying and treating perceptual deficits that may at present go unnoticed and untreated. This paper provides a useful framework for further debate and empirical investigations into the influence of the cerebellum on sensory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Baumann
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia,
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23
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The impact of cerebellar disorders on musical ability. J Neurol Sci 2014; 343:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hemispheric lateralization of linguistic prosody recognition in comparison to speech and speaker recognition. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:332-44. [PMID: 25087482 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemispheric specialization for linguistic prosody is a controversial issue. While it is commonly assumed that linguistic prosody and emotional prosody are preferentially processed in the right hemisphere, neuropsychological work directly comparing processes of linguistic prosody and emotional prosody suggests a predominant role of the left hemisphere for linguistic prosody processing. Here, we used two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments to clarify the role of left and right hemispheres in the neural processing of linguistic prosody. In the first experiment, we sought to confirm previous findings showing that linguistic prosody processing compared to other speech-related processes predominantly involves the right hemisphere. Unlike previous studies, we controlled for stimulus influences by employing a prosody and speech task using the same speech material. The second experiment was designed to investigate whether a left-hemispheric involvement in linguistic prosody processing is specific to contrasts between linguistic prosody and emotional prosody or whether it also occurs when linguistic prosody is contrasted against other non-linguistic processes (i.e., speaker recognition). Prosody and speaker tasks were performed on the same stimulus material. In both experiments, linguistic prosody processing was associated with activity in temporal, frontal, parietal and cerebellar regions. Activation in temporo-frontal regions showed differential lateralization depending on whether the control task required recognition of speech or speaker: recognition of linguistic prosody predominantly involved right temporo-frontal areas when it was contrasted against speech recognition; when contrasted against speaker recognition, recognition of linguistic prosody predominantly involved left temporo-frontal areas. The results show that linguistic prosody processing involves functions of both hemispheres and suggest that recognition of linguistic prosody is based on an inter-hemispheric mechanism which exploits both a right-hemispheric sensitivity to pitch information and a left-hemispheric dominance in speech processing.
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25
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Thaut MH, Trimarchi PD, Parsons LM. Human brain basis of musical rhythm perception: common and distinct neural substrates for meter, tempo, and pattern. Brain Sci 2014; 4:428-52. [PMID: 24961770 PMCID: PMC4101486 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci4020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythm as the time structure of music is composed of distinct temporal components such as pattern, meter, and tempo. Each feature requires different computational processes: meter involves representing repeating cycles of strong and weak beats; pattern involves representing intervals at each local time point which vary in length across segments and are linked hierarchically; and tempo requires representing frequency rates of underlying pulse structures. We explored whether distinct rhythmic elements engage different neural mechanisms by recording brain activity of adult musicians and non-musicians with positron emission tomography (PET) as they made covert same-different discriminations of (a) pairs of rhythmic, monotonic tone sequences representing changes in pattern, tempo, and meter, and (b) pairs of isochronous melodies. Common to pattern, meter, and tempo tasks were focal activities in right, or bilateral, areas of frontal, cingulate, parietal, prefrontal, temporal, and cerebellar cortices. Meter processing alone activated areas in right prefrontal and inferior frontal cortex associated with more cognitive and abstract representations. Pattern processing alone recruited right cortical areas involved in different kinds of auditory processing. Tempo processing alone engaged mechanisms subserving somatosensory and premotor information (e.g., posterior insula, postcentral gyrus). Melody produced activity different from the rhythm conditions (e.g., right anterior insula and various cerebellar areas). These exploratory findings suggest the outlines of some distinct neural components underlying the components of rhythmic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Thaut
- Center for Biomedical Research in Music, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Baumann O, Mattingley JB. Effects of Attention and Perceptual Uncertainty on Cerebellar Activity During Visual Motion Perception. THE CEREBELLUM 2013; 13:46-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-013-0519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sakamoto T, Endo S. Deep cerebellar nuclei play an important role in two-tone discrimination on delay eyeblink conditioning in C57BL/6 mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59880. [PMID: 23555821 PMCID: PMC3608544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN)-lesioned mice develop conditioned responses (CR) on delay eyeblink conditioning when a salient tone conditioned stimulus (CS) is used, which suggests that the cerebellum potentially plays a role in more complicated cognitive functions. In the present study, we examined the role of DCN in tone frequency discrimination in the delay eyeblink-conditioning paradigm. In the first experiment, DCN-lesioned and sham-operated mice were subjected to standard simple eyeblink conditioning under low-frequency tone CS (LCS: 1 kHz, 80 dB) or high-frequency tone CS (HCS: 10 kHz, 70 dB) conditions. DCN-lesioned mice developed CR in both CS conditions as well as sham-operated mice. In the second experiment, DCN-lesioned and sham-operated mice were subjected to two-tone discrimination tasks, with LCS+ (or HCS+) paired with unconditioned stimulus (US), and HCS− (or LCS−) without US. CR% in sham-operated mice increased in LCS+ (or HCS+) trials, regardless of tone frequency of CS, but not in HCS− (or LCS−) trials. The results indicate that sham-operated mice can discriminate between LCS+ and HCS− (or HCS+ and LCS−). In contrast, DCN-lesioned mice showed high CR% in not only LCS+ (or HCS+) trials but also HCS− (or LCS−) trials. The results indicate that DCN lesions impair the discrimination between tone frequency in eyeblink conditioning. Our results suggest that the cerebellum plays a pivotal role in the discrimination of tone frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Sakamoto
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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