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Brewer AA, Barton B. Cortical field maps across human sensory cortex. Front Comput Neurosci 2023; 17:1232005. [PMID: 38164408 PMCID: PMC10758003 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2023.1232005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical processing pathways for sensory information in the mammalian brain tend to be organized into topographical representations that encode various fundamental sensory dimensions. Numerous laboratories have now shown how these representations are organized into numerous cortical field maps (CMFs) across visual and auditory cortex, with each CFM supporting a specialized computation or set of computations that underlie the associated perceptual behaviors. An individual CFM is defined by two orthogonal topographical gradients that reflect two essential aspects of feature space for that sense. Multiple adjacent CFMs are then organized across visual and auditory cortex into macrostructural patterns termed cloverleaf clusters. CFMs within cloverleaf clusters are thought to share properties such as receptive field distribution, cortical magnification, and processing specialization. Recent measurements point to the likely existence of CFMs in the other senses, as well, with topographical representations of at least one sensory dimension demonstrated in somatosensory, gustatory, and possibly olfactory cortical pathways. Here we discuss the evidence for CFM and cloverleaf cluster organization across human sensory cortex as well as approaches used to identify such organizational patterns. Knowledge of how these topographical representations are organized across cortex provides us with insight into how our conscious perceptions are created from our basic sensory inputs. In addition, studying how these representations change during development, trauma, and disease serves as an important tool for developing improvements in clinical therapies and rehabilitation for sensory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Brewer
- mindSPACE Laboratory, Departments of Cognitive Sciences and Language Science (by Courtesy), Center for Hearing Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Brian Barton
- mindSPACE Laboratory, Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Green HL, Shen G, Franzen RE, Mcnamee M, Berman JI, Mowad TG, Ku M, Bloy L, Liu S, Chen YH, Airey M, McBride E, Goldin S, Dipiero MA, Blaskey L, Kuschner ES, Kim M, Konka K, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC. Differential Maturation of Auditory Cortex Activity in Young Children with Autism and Typical Development. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4076-4089. [PMID: 35960416 PMCID: PMC9372967 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Maturation of auditory cortex neural encoding processes was assessed in children with typical development (TD) and autism. Children 6-9 years old were enrolled at Time 1 (T1), with follow-up data obtained ~ 18 months later at Time 2 (T2), and ~ 36 months later at Time 3 (T3). Findings suggested an initial period of rapid auditory cortex maturation in autism, earlier than TD (prior to and surrounding the T1 exam), followed by a period of faster maturation in TD than autism (T1-T3). As a result of group maturation differences, post-stimulus group differences were observed at T1 but not T3. In contrast, stronger pre-stimulus activity in autism than TD was found at all time points, indicating this brain measure is stable across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Guannan Shen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rose E Franzen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marybeth Mcnamee
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theresa G Mowad
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma McBride
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophia Goldin
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marissa A Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Konka
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Speck I, Rottmayer V, Wiebe K, Aschendorff A, Thurow J, Frings L, Meyer PT, Wesarg T, Arndt S. PET/CT background noise and its effect on speech recognition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22065. [PMID: 34764407 PMCID: PMC8585948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has been successfully used to investigate central nervous processes, including the central auditory pathway. Unlike early water-cooled PET-scanners, novel PET/CT scanners employ air cooling and include a CT system, both of which result in higher background noise levels. In the present study, we describe the background noise generated by two state-of-the-art air-cooled PET/CT scanners. We measured speech recognition in background noise: recorded PET noise and a speech-shaped noise applied in clinical routine to subjects with normal hearing. Background noise produced by air-cooled PET/CT is considerable: 75.1 dB SPL (64.5 dB(A)) for the Philips Gemini TF64 and 76.9 dB SPL (68.4 dB(A)) for the Philips Vereos PET/CT (Philips Healthcare, The Netherlands). Subjects with normal hearing exhibited better speech recognition in recorded PET background noise compared with clinically applied speech-shaped noise. Speech recognition in both background noises correlated significantly. Background noise generated by PET/CT scanners should be considered when PET is used for the investigation of the central auditory pathway. Speech in PET noise is better than in speech-shaped noise because of the minor masking effect of the background noise of the PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Speck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Valentin Rottmayer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Wiebe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antje Aschendorff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Thurow
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lars Frings
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp T Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wesarg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susan Arndt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Zainul Abidin FN, Scelsi MA, Dawson SJ, Altmann A. Glucose hypometabolism in the Auditory Pathway in Age Related Hearing Loss in the ADNI cohort. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 32:102823. [PMID: 34624637 PMCID: PMC8503577 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most common age-related diseases. Here, we investigate the central auditory correlates of HL in people with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and test their association with genetic markers with the aim of revealing pathogenic mechanisms. METHODS Brain glucose metabolism based on FDG-PET, self-reported HL status, and genetic data were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. FDG-PET data was analysed from 742 control subjects (non-HL with normal cognition or MCI) and 162 cases (HL with normal cognition or MCI) with age ranges of 72.2 ± 7.1 and 77.4 ± 6.4, respectively. Voxel-wise statistics of FDG uptake differences between cases and controls were computed using the generalised linear model in SPM12. An additional 1515 FDG-PET scans of 618 participants were analysed using linear mixed effect models to assess longitudinal HL effects. Furthermore, a quantitative trait genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on the glucose uptake within regions of interest (ROIs), which were defined by the voxel-wise comparison, using genotyping data with 5,082,878 variants available for HL cases and HL controls (N = 817). RESULTS The HL group exhibited hypometabolism in the bilateral Heschl's gyrus (kleft = 323; kright = 151; Tleft = 4.55; Tright = 4.14; peak Puncorr < 0.001), the inferior colliculus (k = 219;T = 3.53; peak Puncorr < 0.001) and cochlear nucleus (k = 18;T = 3.55; peak Puncorr < 0.001) after age correction and using a cluster forming height threshold P < 0.005 (FWE-uncorrected). Moreover, in an age-matched subset, the cluster comprising the left Heschl's gyrus survived the FWE-correction (kleft = 1903; Tleft = 4.39; cluster PFWE-corr = 0.001). The quantitative trait GWAS identified no genome-wide significant locus in the three HL ROIs. However, various loci were associated at the suggestive threshold (p < 1e-05). CONCLUSION Compared to the non-HL group, glucose metabolism in the HL group was lower in the auditory cortex, the inferior colliculus, and the cochlear nucleus although the effect sizes were small. The GWAS identified candidate genes that might influence FDG uptake in these regions. However, the specific biological pathway(s) underlying the role of these genes in FDG-hypometabolism in the auditory pathway requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin N Zainul Abidin
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marzia A Scelsi
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sally J Dawson
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andre Altmann
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
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Uppenkamp S. Functional neuroimaging in hearing research and audiology. Z Med Phys 2021; 31:289-304. [PMID: 33947621 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The various methods of medical imaging are essential for many diagnostic issues in clinical routine, e.g., for the diagnostics and localisation of tumorous diseases, or for the clarification of other lesions in the central nervous system. In addition to these classical roles both positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow for the investigation of functional processes in the human brain, when used in a specific way. The last 25 years have seen great progress, especially with respect to functional MRI, in terms of the available experimental paradigms as well as the data analysis strategies, so that a directed investigation of neurophysiological correlates of psychoacoustic performance is possible. This covers fundamental measures of sound perception like loudness and pitch, specific audiological symptoms like tinnitus, which often accompanies hearing disorders, but it also includes experiments on speech perception or on virtual acoustic environments. One important aspect common to many auditory neuroimaging studies is the central question at what stage in the human auditory pathway the sensory coding of the incoming sound is transformed into a universal and context-dependent perceptual representation, which is the basis for what we hear. This overview summarises findings from the literature as well as a few studies from our lab, to discuss the possibilities and the limits of the adoption of functional neuroimaging methods in audiology. Up to this stage, most auditory neuroimaging studies have investigated basic processes in normal hearing listeners. However, the hitherto existing results suggest that the methods of auditory functional neuroimaging - possibly complemented by electrophysiological methods like EEG and MEG - have a great potential to contribute to a deeper understanding of the processes and the impact of hearing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Uppenkamp
- Medizinische Physik, Fakultät VI Medizin und Gesundheitswissenschaften Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
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Koyama MS, Molfese PJ, Milham MP, Mencl WE, Pugh KR. Thalamus is a common locus of reading, arithmetic, and IQ: Analysis of local intrinsic functional properties. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2020; 209:104835. [PMID: 32738503 PMCID: PMC8087146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies of basic achievement skills - reading and arithmetic - often control for the effect of IQ to identify unique neural correlates of each skill. This may underestimate possible effects of common factors between achievement and IQ measures on neuroimaging results. Here, we simultaneously examined achievement (reading and arithmetic) and IQ measures in young adults, aiming to identify MRI correlates of their common factors. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data were analyzed using two metrics assessing local intrinsic functional properties; regional homogeneity (ReHo) and fractional amplitude low frequency fluctuation (fALFF), measuring local intrinsic functional connectivity and intrinsic functional activity, respectively. ReHo highlighted the thalamus/pulvinar (a subcortical region implied for selective attention) as a common locus for both achievement skills and IQ. More specifically, the higher the ReHo values, the lower the achievement and IQ scores. For fALFF, the left superior parietal lobule, part of the dorsal attention network, was positively associated with reading and IQ. Collectively, our results highlight attention-related regions, particularly the thalamus/pulvinar as a key region related to individual differences in performance on all the three measures. ReHo in the thalamus/pulvinar may serve as a tool to examine brain mechanisms underlying a comorbidity of reading and arithmetic difficulties, which could co-occur with weakness in general intellectual abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki S Koyama
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Peter J Molfese
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA; Center for Biomedical Imagingand Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
| | | | - Kenneth R Pugh
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, New Haven, CT, USA; University of Connecticut, Department of Psychology, Storrs, CT, USA.
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Butler LK, Kiran S, Tager-Flusberg H. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Study of Speech and Language Impairment Across the Life Span: A Systematic Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 29:1674-1701. [PMID: 32640168 PMCID: PMC7893520 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Functional brain imaging is playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of communication disorders, yet many populations and settings are incompatible with functional magnetic resonance imaging and other commonly used techniques. We conducted a systematic review of neuroimaging studies using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with individuals with speech or language impairment across the life span. We aimed to answer the following question: To what extent has fNIRS been used to investigate the neural correlates of speech-language impairment? Method This systematic review was preregistered with PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42019136464). We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol for preferred reporting items for systematic reviews. The database searches were conducted between February and March of 2019 with the following search terms: (a) fNIRS or functional near-infrared spectroscopy or NIRS or near-infrared spectroscopy, (b) speech or language, and (c) disorder or impairment or delay. Results We found 34 fNIRS studies that involved individuals with speech or language impairment across nine categories: (a) autism spectrum disorders; (b) developmental speech and language disorders; (c) cochlear implantation and deafness; (d) dementia, dementia of the Alzheimer's type, and mild cognitive impairment; (e) locked-in syndrome; (f) neurologic speech disorders/dysarthria; (g) stroke/aphasia; (h) stuttering; and (i) traumatic brain injury. Conclusions Though it is not without inherent challenges, fNIRS may have advantages over other neuroimaging techniques in the areas of speech and language impairment. fNIRS has clinical applications that may lead to improved early and differential diagnosis, increase our understanding of response to treatment, improve neuroprosthetic functioning, and advance neurofeedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K. Butler
- Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, MA
| | - Swathi Kiran
- Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, MA
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Yamazaki H, Kanazawa Y, Omori K. Advantages of double density alignment of fNIRS optodes to evaluate cortical activities related to phonological short-term memory using NIRS-SPM. Hear Res 2020; 395:108024. [PMID: 32679442 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phonological short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) capacity, which is temporal storage of phonological information, facilitates language development. This capacity is often impaired in cochlear implant (CI) users who have congenital hearing loss. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is potentially useful to reveal underlying mechanisms of this impairment due to its tolerance to magnetic and electrical artifacts generated by CIs. The spatial resolution of the standard fNIRS, however, seems inadequate to evaluate cortical activity associated with the maintenance of phonological information in the STM/WM tasks. In the present study recruiting 14 normal hearing adults, we applied a double density alignment of fNIRS optodes to improve spatial resolution in the generalized linear model (GLM)-based statistical analysis using NIRS-SPM, in which cortical activities were estimated during each of three stages (encoding, maintenance, and retrieval) in pseudoword STM tasks with auditory or visual presentation. Since the double density alignment of fNIRS optodes contains two sets of standard density arrays, in the off-line analysis the measured cortical hemodynamic responses can be analyzed as data from two independent standard density arrays as well as those from one double density array (DD-array) which has two times higher density of channels. The two standard arrays demonstrated a similar pattern of cortical activation at each stage of the auditory and visual tasks, which proved the reliability of our fNIRS analysis, but failed to detect significant cortical activation in 2 of 12 conditions including the maintenance stage in the visual task. On the other hand, DD-array revealed significant cortical activation in all conditions. These differences were observed when estimated cortical activation was localized in small regions, which suggests higher spatial resolution in DD-array than the standard arrays. In our knowledge, this is the first clinical study supporting the previous experimental phantom study which demonstrated improvement of spatial resolution in the double density arrangement of fNIRS optodes. These findings imply that the double density alignment of fNIRS optodes improves reliability and spatial resolution in fNIRS-based estimation of cortical activity in the STM/WM studies, although further studies are required to determine usefulness of this method in the CI population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Hearing Research Division, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, 650-0047, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, 650-0047, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kanazawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Moriyama, 524-0022, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Pfeiffer B, Stein Duker L, Murphy A, Shui C. Effectiveness of Noise-Attenuating Headphones on Physiological Responses for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:65. [PMID: 31798424 PMCID: PMC6863142 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proof of concept of an intervention to decrease sympathetic activation as measured by skin conductivity (electrodermal activity, EDA) in children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and auditory hypersensitivity (hyperacusis). In addition, researchers examined if the intervention provided protection against the negative effects of decibel level of environmental noises on electrodermal measures between interventions. The feasibility of implementation and outcome measures within natural environments were evaluated. Method: A single-subject multi-treatment design was used with six children, aged 8–16 years, with a form of Autism (i.e., Autism, PDD-NOS). Participants used in-ear (IE) and over-ear (OE) headphones for two randomly sequenced treatment phases. Each child completed four phases: (1) a week of baseline data collection; (2) a week of an intervention; (3) a week of no intervention; and (4) a week of the other intervention. Empatica E4 wristbands collected EDA data. Data was collected on 16–20 occasions per participant, with five measurements per phase. Results: Separated tests for paired study phases suggested that regardless of intervention type, noise attenuating headphones led to a significance difference in both skin conductance levels (SCL) and frequency of non-specific conductance responses (NS-SCRs) between the baseline measurement and subsequent phases. Overall, SCL and NS-SCR frequency significantly decreased between baseline and the first intervention phase. A protective effect of the intervention was tested by collapsing intervention results into three phases. Slope correlation suggested constant SCL and NS-SCR frequency after initial use of the headphones regardless of the increase in environmental noises. A subsequent analysis of the quality of EDA data identified that later phases of data collection were associated with better data quality. Conclusion: Many children with ASD have hypersensitivities to sound resulting in high levels of sympathetic nervous system reactivity, which is associated with problematic behaviors and distress. The findings of this study suggest that the use of noise attenuating headphones for individuals with ASD and hyperacusis may reduce sympathetic activation. Additionally, results suggest that the use of wearable sensors to collect physiological data in natural environments is feasible with established protocols and training procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Pfeiffer
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Leah Stein Duker
- USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - AnnMarie Murphy
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chengshi Shui
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Basura GJ, Hu X, Juan JS, Tessier A, Kovelman I. Human central auditory plasticity: A review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure cochlear implant performance and tinnitus perception. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2018; 3:463-472. [PMID: 30599031 PMCID: PMC6302720 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging noninvasive technology used to study cerebral cortex activity. Being virtually silent and compatible with cochlear implants has helped establish fNIRS as an important tool when investigating auditory cortex as well as cortices involved with hearing and language processing in adults and during child development. With respect to this review article, more recently, fNIRS has also been used to investigate central auditory plasticity following hearing loss and tinnitus or phantom sound perception. METHODS Here, we review the currently available literature reporting the use of fNIRS in human studies with cochlear implants and tinnitus to measure human central auditory cortical circuits. We also provide the reader with detailed reviews of the technology and traditional recording paradigms/methods used in these auditory-based studies. RESULTS The purpose of this review article is to summarize theoretical advancements in our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying auditory processes and their plasticity through fNIRS research of human auditory performance with cochlear implantation and plasticity that may contribute to the central percepts of tinnitus. CONCLUSION fNIRS is an emerging noninvasive brain imaging technology that has wide reaching application that can be applied to human studies involving cochlear implants and tinnitus. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Basura
- Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganU.S.A
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganU.S.A
| | - Xiao‐Su Hu
- Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganU.S.A
| | - Juan San Juan
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganU.S.A
| | | | - Ioulia Kovelman
- Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganU.S.A
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Gilson M, Deco G, Friston KJ, Hagmann P, Mantini D, Betti V, Romani GL, Corbetta M. Effective connectivity inferred from fMRI transition dynamics during movie viewing points to a balanced reconfiguration of cortical interactions. Neuroimage 2017; 180:534-546. [PMID: 29024792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Our behavior entails a flexible and context-sensitive interplay between brain areas to integrate information according to goal-directed requirements. However, the neural mechanisms governing the entrainment of functionally specialized brain areas remain poorly understood. In particular, the question arises whether observed changes in the regional activity for different cognitive conditions are explained by modifications of the inputs to the brain or its connectivity? We observe that transitions of fMRI activity between areas convey information about the tasks performed by 19 subjects, watching a movie versus a black screen (rest). We use a model-based framework that explains this spatiotemporal functional connectivity pattern by the local variability for 66 cortical regions and the network effective connectivity between them. We find that, among the estimated model parameters, movie viewing affects to a larger extent the local activity, which we interpret as extrinsic changes related to the increased stimulus load. However, detailed changes in the effective connectivity preserve a balance in the propagating activity and select specific pathways such that high-level brain regions integrate visual and auditory information, in particular boosting the communication between the two brain hemispheres. These findings speak to a dynamic coordination underlying the functional integration in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Gilson
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, 08018, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, 08018, Spain; Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avanats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Patric Hagmann
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland; Signal Processing Lab 5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 11, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dante Mantini
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 101 Tervuursevest, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, 15 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Viviana Betti
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00142, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Romani
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies - G. dAnnunzio University Foundation, Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Science, G. dAnnunzio University, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Departments of Neurology, Radiology, Anatomy of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, St Louis, USA
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12
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Micarelli A, Chiaravalloti A, Viziano A, Danieli R, Schillaci O, Alessandrini M. Early cortical metabolic rearrangement related to clinical data in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Hear Res 2017; 350:91-99. [PMID: 28460253 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Results in studies concerning cortical changes in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) are not homogeneous, in particular due to the different neuroimaging techniques implemented and the diverse stages of ISSNHL studied. Considering the recent advances in state-of-the-art positron emission tomography (PET) cameras, the aim of this study was to gain more insight into the neuroanatomical differences associated with the earliest stages of unilateral ISSNHL and clinical-perceptual performance changes. After an audiological examination including the mean auditory threshold (mean AT), mean speech discrimination score (mean SDS) and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), 14 right-handed ISSNHL patients underwent brain [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET within 72 h of the onset of symptoms. When compared to an homogeneous group of 35 healthy subjects by means of statistical parametric mapping, a relative increase in FDG uptake was found in the right superior and medial frontal gyrus as well as in the right anterior cingulate cortex in ISSNHL patients. Conversely, the same group showed a significant relative decrease in FDG uptake in the right middle temporal, precentral and postcentral gyrus as well as in the left posterior cingulate cortex, left lingual, superior, middle temporal and middle frontal gyrus and in the left insula. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between mean THI and glucose consumption in the right anterior cingulate cortex and a positive correlation between mean SDS and glucose consumption in the left precentral gyrus. The relative changes in FDG uptake found in these brain regions and the positive correlation with mean SDS and THI scores in ISSNHL could possibly highlight new aspects of cerebral rearrangement, contributing to further explain changes in those functions that support speech recognition during the sudden impairment of unilateral auditory input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Micarelli
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Otolaryngology Unit, Italy; University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Systems Medicine, Neuroscience Unit, Italy.
| | - Agostino Chiaravalloti
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Italy
| | - Andrea Viziano
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Otolaryngology Unit, Italy
| | - Roberta Danieli
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Otolaryngology Unit, Italy
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13
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Herff C, Schultz T. Automatic Speech Recognition from Neural Signals: A Focused Review. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:429. [PMID: 27729844 PMCID: PMC5037201 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech interfaces have become widely accepted and are nowadays integrated in various real-life applications and devices. They have become a part of our daily life. However, speech interfaces presume the ability to produce intelligible speech, which might be impossible due to either loud environments, bothering bystanders or incapabilities to produce speech (i.e., patients suffering from locked-in syndrome). For these reasons it would be highly desirable to not speak but to simply envision oneself to say words or sentences. Interfaces based on imagined speech would enable fast and natural communication without the need for audible speech and would give a voice to otherwise mute people. This focused review analyzes the potential of different brain imaging techniques to recognize speech from neural signals by applying Automatic Speech Recognition technology. We argue that modalities based on metabolic processes, such as functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, are less suited for Automatic Speech Recognition from neural signals due to low temporal resolution but are very useful for the investigation of the underlying neural mechanisms involved in speech processes. In contrast, electrophysiologic activity is fast enough to capture speech processes and is therefor better suited for ASR. Our experimental results indicate the potential of these signals for speech recognition from neural data with a focus on invasively measured brain activity (electrocorticography). As a first example of Automatic Speech Recognition techniques used from neural signals, we discuss the Brain-to-text system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herff
- Cognitive Systems Lab, Department for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen Bremen, Germany
| | - Tanja Schultz
- Cognitive Systems Lab, Department for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen Bremen, Germany
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14
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Manca AD, Grimaldi M. Vowels and Consonants in the Brain: Evidence from Magnetoencephalographic Studies on the N1m in Normal-Hearing Listeners. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1413. [PMID: 27713712 PMCID: PMC5031792 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Speech sound perception is one of the most fascinating tasks performed by the human brain. It involves a mapping from continuous acoustic waveforms onto the discrete phonological units computed to store words in the mental lexicon. In this article, we review the magnetoencephalographic studies that have explored the timing and morphology of the N1m component to investigate how vowels and consonants are computed and represented within the auditory cortex. The neurons that are involved in the N1m act to construct a sensory memory of the stimulus due to spatially and temporally distributed activation patterns within the auditory cortex. Indeed, localization of auditory fields maps in animals and humans suggested two levels of sound coding, a tonotopy dimension for spectral properties and a tonochrony dimension for temporal properties of sounds. When the stimulus is a complex speech sound, tonotopy and tonochrony data may give important information to assess whether the speech sound parsing and decoding are generated by pure bottom-up reflection of acoustic differences or whether they are additionally affected by top-down processes related to phonological categories. Hints supporting pure bottom-up processing coexist with hints supporting top-down abstract phoneme representation. Actually, N1m data (amplitude, latency, source generators, and hemispheric distribution) are limited and do not help to disentangle the issue. The nature of these limitations is discussed. Moreover, neurophysiological studies on animals and neuroimaging studies on humans have been taken into consideration. We compare also the N1m findings with the investigation of the magnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) component and with the analogous electrical components, the N1 and the MMN. We conclude that N1 seems more sensitive to capture lateralization and hierarchical processes than N1m, although the data are very preliminary. Finally, we suggest that MEG data should be integrated with EEG data in the light of the neural oscillations framework and we propose some concerns that should be addressed by future investigations if we want to closely line up language research with issues at the core of the functional brain mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dora Manca
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Centro di Ricerca Interdisciplinare sul Linguaggio, University of SalentoLecce, Italy; Laboratorio Diffuso di Ricerca Interdisciplinare Applicata alla MedicinaLecce, Italy
| | - Mirko Grimaldi
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Centro di Ricerca Interdisciplinare sul Linguaggio, University of SalentoLecce, Italy; Laboratorio Diffuso di Ricerca Interdisciplinare Applicata alla MedicinaLecce, Italy
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15
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Teki S, Griffiths TD. Brain Bases of Working Memory for Time Intervals in Rhythmic Sequences. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:239. [PMID: 27313506 PMCID: PMC4888525 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception of auditory time intervals is critical for accurate comprehension of natural sounds like speech and music. However, the neural substrates and mechanisms underlying the representation of time intervals in working memory are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the brain bases of working memory for time intervals in rhythmic sequences using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used a novel behavioral paradigm to investigate time-interval representation in working memory as a function of the temporal jitter and memory load of the sequences containing those time intervals. Human participants were presented with a sequence of intervals and required to reproduce the duration of a particular probed interval. We found that perceptual timing areas including the cerebellum and the striatum were more or less active as a function of increasing and decreasing jitter of the intervals held in working memory respectively whilst the activity of the inferior parietal cortex is modulated as a function of memory load. Additionally, we also analyzed structural correlations between gray and white matter density and behavior and found significant correlations in the cerebellum and the striatum, mirroring the functional results. Our data demonstrate neural substrates of working memory for time intervals and suggest that the cerebellum and the striatum represent core areas for representing temporal information in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Teki
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Timothy D. Griffiths
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College LondonLondon, UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
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16
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Bisconti S, Shulkin M, Hu X, Basura GJ, Kileny PR, Kovelman I. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Brain Imaging Investigation of Phonological Awareness and Passage Comprehension Abilities in Adult Recipients of Cochlear Implants. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2016; 59:239-53. [PMID: 26535956 DOI: 10.1044/2015_jslhr-l-14-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine how the brains of individuals with cochlear implants (CIs) respond to spoken language tasks that underlie successful language acquisition and processing. METHOD During functional near-infrared spectroscopy imaging, CI recipients with hearing impairment (n = 10, mean age: 52.7 ± 17.3 years) and controls with normal hearing (n = 10, mean age: 50.6 ± 17.2 years) completed auditory tasks-phonological awareness and passage comprehension-commonly used to investigate neurodevelopmental disorders of language and literacy. RESULTS The 2 groups had similar reaction time and performance on experimental tasks, although participants with CIs had lower accuracy than controls. Overall, both CI recipients and controls exhibited similar patterns of brain activation during the tasks. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that CI recipients show an overall neurotypical pattern of activation during auditory language tasks on which individuals with neurodevelopmental language learning impairments (e.g., dyslexia) tend to show atypical brain activation. These findings suggest that advancements in functional near-infrared spectroscopy neuroimaging with CI recipients may help shed new light on how varying types of difficulties in language processing affect brain organization for language.
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17
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Angenstein N, Stadler J, Brechmann A. Auditory intensity processing: Effect of MRI background noise. Hear Res 2016; 333:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Bach JP, Lüpke M, Dziallas P, Wefstaedt P, Uppenkamp S, Seifert H, Nolte I. Auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging in dogs--normalization and group analysis and the processing of pitch in the canine auditory pathways. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:32. [PMID: 26897016 PMCID: PMC4761139 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an advanced and frequently used technique for studying brain functions in humans and increasingly so in animals. A key element of analyzing fMRI data is group analysis, for which valid spatial normalization is a prerequisite. In the current study we applied normalization and group analysis to a dataset from an auditory functional MRI experiment in anesthetized beagles. The stimulation paradigm used in the experiment was composed of simple Gaussian noise and regular interval sounds (RIS), which included a periodicity pitch as an additional sound feature. The results from the performed group analysis were compared with those from single animal analysis. In addition to this, the data were examined for brain regions showing an increased activation associated with the perception of pitch. Results With the group analysis, significant activations matching the position of the right superior olivary nucleus, lateral lemniscus and internal capsule were identified, which could not be detected in the single animal analysis. In addition, a large cluster of activated voxels in the auditory cortex was found. The contrast of the RIS condition (including pitch) with Gaussian noise (no pitch) showed a significant effect in a region matching the location of the left medial geniculate nucleus. Conclusion By using group analysis additional activated areas along the canine auditory pathways could be identified in comparison to single animal analysis. It was possible to demonstrate a pitch-specific effect, indicating that group analysis is a suitable method for improving the results of auditory fMRI studies in dogs and extending our knowledge of canine neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Peter Bach
- Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Matthias Lüpke
- Fachgebiet für Allgemeine Radiologie und Medizinische Physik, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Peter Dziallas
- Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Patrick Wefstaedt
- Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stefan Uppenkamp
- Medizinische Physik, Universität Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Hermann Seifert
- Fachgebiet für Allgemeine Radiologie und Medizinische Physik, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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19
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Hong KS, Santosa H. Decoding four different sound-categories in the auditory cortex using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Hear Res 2016; 333:157-166. [PMID: 26828741 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the auditory cortex in the brain to distinguish different sounds is important in daily life. This study investigated whether activations in the auditory cortex caused by different sounds can be distinguished using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The hemodynamic responses (HRs) in both hemispheres using fNIRS were measured in 18 subjects while exposing them to four sound categories (English-speech, non-English-speech, annoying sounds, and nature sounds). As features for classifying the different signals, the mean, slope, and skewness of the oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) signal were used. With regard to the language-related stimuli, the HRs evoked by understandable speech (English) were observed in a broader brain region than were those evoked by non-English speech. Also, the magnitudes of the HbO signals evoked by English-speech were higher than those of non-English speech. The ratio of the peak values of non-English and English speech was 72.5%. Also, the brain region evoked by annoying sounds was wider than that by nature sounds. However, the signal strength for nature sounds was stronger than that for annoying sounds. Finally, for brain-computer interface (BCI) purposes, the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were applied to the four sound categories. The overall classification performance for the left hemisphere was higher than that for the right hemisphere. Therefore, for decoding of auditory commands, the left hemisphere is recommended. Also, in two-class classification, the annoying vs. nature sounds comparison provides a higher classification accuracy than the English vs. non-English speech comparison. Finally, LDA performs better than SVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum-Shik Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hendrik Santosa
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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20
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Chakrabarti S, Sandberg HM, Brumberg JS, Krusienski DJ. Progress in speech decoding from the electrocorticogram. Biomed Eng Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-015-0175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Peelle JE. Methodological challenges and solutions in auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:253. [PMID: 25191218 PMCID: PMC4139601 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies involve substantial acoustic noise. This review covers the difficulties posed by such noise for auditory neuroscience, as well as a number of possible solutions that have emerged. Acoustic noise can affect the processing of auditory stimuli by making them inaudible or unintelligible, and can result in reduced sensitivity to auditory activation in auditory cortex. Equally importantly, acoustic noise may also lead to increased listening effort, meaning that even when auditory stimuli are perceived, neural processing may differ from when the same stimuli are presented in quiet. These and other challenges have motivated a number of approaches for collecting auditory fMRI data. Although using a continuous echoplanar imaging (EPI) sequence provides high quality imaging data, these data may also be contaminated by background acoustic noise. Traditional sparse imaging has the advantage of avoiding acoustic noise during stimulus presentation, but at a cost of reduced temporal resolution. Recently, three classes of techniques have been developed to circumvent these limitations. The first is Interleaved Silent Steady State (ISSS) imaging, a variation of sparse imaging that involves collecting multiple volumes following a silent period while maintaining steady-state longitudinal magnetization. The second involves active noise control to limit the impact of acoustic scanner noise. Finally, novel MRI sequences that reduce the amount of acoustic noise produced during fMRI make the use of continuous scanning a more practical option. Together these advances provide unprecedented opportunities for researchers to collect high-quality data of hemodynamic responses to auditory stimuli using fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Peelle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA
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22
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Yang M, Chen HJ, Liu B, Huang ZC, Feng Y, Li J, Chen JY, Zhang LL, Ji H, Feng X, Zhu X, Teng GJ. Brain structural and functional alterations in patients with unilateral hearing loss. Hear Res 2014; 316:37-43. [PMID: 25093284 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of brain structure and functional connectivity have been described in patients with hearing impairments due to distinct pathogenesis; however, the influence of unilateral hearing loss (UHL) on brain morphology and regional brain activity is still not completely understood. In this study, we aim to investigate regional brain structural and functional alterations in patients with UHL. T1-weighted volumetric images and task-free fMRIs were acquired from 14 patients with right-sided UHL (pure tone average ≥ 40 dB HL) and 19 healthy controls. Hearing ability was assessed by pure tone audiometry. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to detect brain regions with changed gray matter volume or white matter volume in UHL. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was calculated to analyze brain activity at the baseline and was compared between two groups. Compared with controls, UHL patients showed decreased gray matter volume in bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus, left superior/middle/inferior temporal gyrus, and right parahippocampal gyrus and lingual gyrus. Meanwhile, patients showed significantly decreased ALFF in bilateral precuneus, left inferior parietal lobule, and right inferior frontal gyrus and insula and increased ALFF in right inferior and middle temporal gyrus. These findings suggest that chronic UHL could induce brain morphological changes and is associated with aberrant baseline brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhong-Da Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hua-Jun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Zhong-Da Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhong-Da Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Chun Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-neck Surgery, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Zhong-Da Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhong-Da Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing-Ya Chen
- Department of Radiology, Zhong-Da Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Zhong-Da Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Ji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-neck Surgery, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-neck Surgery, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-neck Surgery, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Department of Radiology, Zhong-Da Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI): a powerful new imaging method to study tinnitus. Hear Res 2014; 311:49-62. [PMID: 24583078 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is a method used primarily in basic science experiments to advance the understanding of information processing in central nervous system pathways. With this mechanistic approach, manganese (Mn(2+)) acts as a calcium surrogate, whereby voltage-gated calcium channels allow for activity driven entry of Mn(2+) into neurons. The detection and quantification of neuronal activity via Mn(2+) accumulation is facilitated by "hemodynamic-independent contrast" using high resolution MRI scans. This review emphasizes initial efforts to-date in the development and application of MEMRI for evaluating tinnitus (the perception of sound in the absence of overt acoustic stimulation). Perspectives from leaders in the field highlight MEMRI related studies by comparing and contrasting this technique when tinnitus is induced by high-level noise exposure and salicylate administration. Together, these studies underscore the considerable potential of MEMRI for advancing the field of auditory neuroscience in general and tinnitus research in particular. Because of the technical and functional gaps that are filled by this method and the prospect that human studies are on the near horizon, MEMRI should be of considerable interest to the auditory research community. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled <Annual Reviews 2014>.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Hall
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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