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Ouyang M, Detre JA, Hyland JL, Sindabizera KL, Kuschner ES, Edgar JC, Peng Y, Huang H. Spatiotemporal cerebral blood flow dynamics underlies emergence of the limbic-sensorimotor-association cortical gradient in human infancy. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.10.588784. [PMID: 38645183 PMCID: PMC11030426 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Infant cerebral blood flow (CBF) delivers nutrients and oxygen to fulfill brain energy consumption requirements for the fastest period of postnatal brain development across lifespan. However, organizing principle of whole-brain CBF dynamics during infancy remains obscure. Leveraging a unique cohort of 100+ infants with high-resolution arterial spin labeled MRI, we found the emergence of the cortical hierarchy revealed by highest-resolution infant CBF maps available to date. Infant CBF across cortical regions increased in a biphasic pattern with initial rapid and sequentially slower rate, with break-point ages increasing along the limbic-sensorimotor-association cortical gradient. Increases in CBF in sensorimotor cortices were associated with enhanced language and motor skills, and frontoparietal association cortices for cognitive skills. The study discovered emergence of the hierarchical limbic-sensorimotor-association cortical gradient in infancy, and offers standardized reference of infant brain CBF and insight into the physiological basis of cortical specialization and real-world infant developmental functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Ouyang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - John A Detre
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jessica L Hyland
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Kay L Sindabizera
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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2
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Green HL, Shen G, Franzen RE, Mcnamee M, Berman JI, Mowad TG, Ku M, Bloy L, Liu S, Chen YH, Airey M, McBride E, Goldin S, Dipiero MA, Blaskey L, Kuschner ES, Kim M, Konka K, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC. Differential Maturation of Auditory Cortex Activity in Young Children with Autism and Typical Development. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4076-4089. [PMID: 35960416 PMCID: PMC9372967 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Maturation of auditory cortex neural encoding processes was assessed in children with typical development (TD) and autism. Children 6-9 years old were enrolled at Time 1 (T1), with follow-up data obtained ~ 18 months later at Time 2 (T2), and ~ 36 months later at Time 3 (T3). Findings suggested an initial period of rapid auditory cortex maturation in autism, earlier than TD (prior to and surrounding the T1 exam), followed by a period of faster maturation in TD than autism (T1-T3). As a result of group maturation differences, post-stimulus group differences were observed at T1 but not T3. In contrast, stronger pre-stimulus activity in autism than TD was found at all time points, indicating this brain measure is stable across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Guannan Shen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rose E Franzen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marybeth Mcnamee
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theresa G Mowad
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma McBride
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophia Goldin
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marissa A Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Konka
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Edgar JC, Franzen RE, McNamee M, Green HL, Shen G, DiPiero M, Liu S, Airey M, Goldin S, Blaskey L, Kuschner ES, Kim M, Konka K, Roberts TPL, Chen Y. A comparison of resting-state eyes-closed and dark-room alpha-band activity in children. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14285. [PMID: 36929476 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
In a relaxed and awake state with the eyes closed, 8-12 Hz neural oscillations are the dominant rhythm, most prominent in parietal-occipital regions. Resting-state (RS) alpha is associated with processing speed and is also thought to be central to how networks process information. Unfortunately, the RS eyes-closed (EC) exam can only be used with individuals who can remain awake with their eyes closed for an extended period. As such, infants, toddlers, and individuals with intellectual disabilities are usually excluded from RS alpha studies. Previous research suggests obtaining RS alpha measures in a dark room with the eyes open as a viable alternative to the traditional RS EC exam. To further explore this, RS EC and RS dark room (DR) eyes-open alpha activity was recorded using magnetoencephalography in children with typical development (TD; N = 37) and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 30) 6.9-12.6 years old. Findings showed good reliability for the RS EC and DR peak alpha frequency (frequency with strongest alpha power; interclass correlation (ICC) = 0.83). ICCs for posterior alpha power were slightly lower (ICCs in the 0.70 s), with an ~ 5% reduction in posterior alpha power in the DR than EC condition. No differences in the EC and DR associations were observed between the TD and ASD groups. Finally, age was associated with both EC and DR peak alpha frequency. Findings thus indicate the DR exam as a viable way to obtain RS alpha measures in populations frequently excluded from electrophysiology RS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rose E Franzen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marybeth McNamee
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heather L Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guannan Shen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marissa DiPiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sophia Goldin
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberly Konka
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Berman JI, Bloy L, Blaskey L, Jackel CR, Miller JS, Ross J, Edgar JC, Roberts TPL. Contributions to auditory system conduction velocity: insights with multi-modal neuroimaging and machine learning in children with ASD and XYY syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1057221. [PMID: 37252131 PMCID: PMC10219612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1057221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The M50 electrophysiological auditory evoked response time can be measured at the superior temporal gyrus with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and its latency is related to the conduction velocity of auditory input passing from ear to auditory cortex. In children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and certain genetic disorders such as XYY syndrome, the auditory M50 latency has been observed to be elongated (slowed). Methods The goal of this study is to use neuroimaging (diffusion MR and GABA MRS) measures to predict auditory conduction velocity in typically developing (TD) children and children with autism ASD and XYY syndrome. Results Non-linear TD support vector regression modeling methods accounted for considerably more M50 latency variance than linear models, likely due to the non-linear dependence on neuroimaging factors such as GABA MRS. While SVR models accounted for ~80% of the M50 latency variance in TD and the genetically homogenous XYY syndrome, a similar approach only accounted for ~20% of the M50 latency variance in ASD, implicating the insufficiency of diffusion MR, GABA MRS, and age factors alone. Biologically based stratification of ASD was performed by assessing the conformance of the ASD population to the TD SVR model and identifying a sub-population of children with unexpectedly long M50 latency. Discussion Multimodal integration of neuroimaging data can help build a mechanistic understanding of brain connectivity. The unexplained M50 latency variance in ASD motivates future hypothesis generation and testing of other contributing biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I. Berman
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luke Bloy
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carissa R. Jackel
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Judith S. Miller
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Judith Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Nemours Children's Hospital-Delaware, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - J. Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Timothy P. L. Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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5
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Chen Y, Green HL, Putt ME, Allison O, Kuschner ES, Kim M, Blaskey L, Mol K, Mcnamee M, Bloy L, Liu S, Huang H, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC. Maturation of auditory cortex neural responses during infancy and toddlerhood. Neuroimage 2023; 275:120163. [PMID: 37178820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The infant auditory system rapidly matures across the first years of life, with a primary goal of obtaining ever-more-accurate real-time representations of the external world. Our understanding of how left and right auditory cortex neural processes develop during infancy, however, is meager, with few studies having the statistical power to detect potential hemisphere and sex differences in primary/secondary auditory cortex maturation. Using infant magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a cross-sectional study design, left and right auditory cortex P2m responses to pure tones were examined in 114 typically developing infants and toddlers (66 males, 2 to 24 months). Non-linear maturation of P2m latency was observed, with P2m latencies decreasing rapidly as a function of age during the first year of life, followed by slower changes between 12 and 24 months. Whereas in younger infants auditory tones were encoded more slowly in the left than right hemisphere, similar left and right P2m latencies were observed by ∼21 months of age due to faster maturation rate in the left than right hemisphere. No sex differences in the maturation of the P2m responses were observed. Finally, an earlier left than right hemisphere P2m latency predicted better language performance in older infants (12 to 24 months). Findings indicate the need to consider hemisphere when examining the maturation of auditory cortex neural activity in infants and toddlers and show that the pattern of left-right hemisphere P2m maturation is associated with language performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Heather L Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mary E Putt
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Olivia Allison
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kylie Mol
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marybeth Mcnamee
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Shen G, Green HL, Franzen RE, Berman JI, Dipiero M, Mowad TG, Bloy L, Liu S, Airey M, Goldin S, Ku M, McBride E, Blaskey L, Kuschner ES, Kim M, Konka K, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC. Resting-State Activity in Children: Replicating and Extending Findings of Early Maturation of Alpha Rhythms in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-05926-7. [PMID: 36932271 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Resting-state alpha brain rhythms provide a foundation for basic as well as higher-order brain processes. Research suggests atypical maturation of the peak frequency of resting-state alpha activity (= PAF) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined resting-state alpha activity in young school-aged children, obtaining magnetoencephalographic (MEG) eyes-closed resting-state data from 47 typically developing (TD) males and 45 ASD males 6.0 to 9.3 years old. Results confirmed a higher PAF in ASD versus TD, and demonstrated that alpha power differences between groups were linked to the shift of PAF in ASD. Additionally, a higher PAF was associated with better cognitive performance in TD but not ASD. Finding thus suggested functional consequences of group differences in resting-state alpha activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Shen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Heather L Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rose E Franzen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marissa Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theresa G Mowad
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophia Goldin
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma McBride
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Konka
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Park AT, Richardson H, Tooley UA, McDermott CL, Boroshok AL, Ke A, Leonard JA, Tisdall MD, Deater-Deckard K, Edgar JC, Mackey AP. Early stressful experiences are associated with reduced neural responses to naturalistic emotional and social content in children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 57:101152. [PMID: 36137356 PMCID: PMC9493069 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
How do children's experiences relate to their naturalistic emotional and social processing? Because children can struggle with tasks in the scanner, we collected fMRI data while 4-to-11-year-olds watched a short film with positive and negative emotional events, and rich parent-child interactions (n = 70). We captured broad, normative stressful experiences by examining socioeconomic status (SES) and stressful life events, as well as children's more proximal experiences with their parents. For a sub-sample (n = 30), parenting behaviors were measured during a parent-child interaction, consisting of a picture book, a challenging puzzle, and free play with novel toys. We characterized positive parenting behaviors (e.g., warmth, praise) and negative parenting behaviors (e.g., harsh tone, physical control). We found that higher SES was related to greater activity in medial orbitofrontal cortex during parent-child interaction movie events. Negative parenting behaviors were associated with less activation of the ventral tegmental area and cerebellum during positive emotional events. In a region-of-interest analysis, we found that stressful life events and negative parenting behaviors were associated with less activation of the amygdala during positive emotional events. These exploratory results demonstrate the promise of using movie fMRI to study how early experiences may shape emotional, social, and motivational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne T Park
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hilary Richardson
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ursula A Tooley
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Cassidy L McDermott
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Austin L Boroshok
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Adrian Ke
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Julia A Leonard
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University, United States
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States
| | | | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
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8
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Edgar JC, Berman JI, Liu S, Chen YH, Huang M, Brodkin ES, Roberts TPL, Bloy L. Two mechanisms facilitate regional independence between brain regions based on an examination of alpha-band activity in healthy control adult males. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 178:51-59. [PMID: 35718287 PMCID: PMC10155819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At rest, 8 to 12 Hz alpha rhythms are the dominant rhythm in the brain, with a common peak alpha frequency (PAF = the frequency at which alpha generators show maximum power) observed across brain regions. Although a common PAF across brain regions should result in high between-region connectivity, especially connectivity measures assessing the phase-similarity between alpha generators, high inter-regional alpha connectivity has not been observed. The present study was conducted as an initial step toward identifying mechanisms that allow brain regions to maintain functional independence in the presence of a common PAF. METHODS MEG data were obtained from 16 healthy control male adults (mean age = 24 years; range 21 to 30 years). A task requiring participants to alternate between a 10 s eyes-closed condition and a 5 s eyes-open condition was used to drive parietal-occipital alpha generators, with the 10 s eyes-closed condition eliciting large-amplitude alpha activity and thus providing alpha measures with good signal-to-noise ratio for source localization. Alpha source-space measures were obtained using Vector-based Spatial-Temporal Analysis using L1-minimum-norm. In each participant, the four strongest parietal-occipital alpha generators were identified. Connectivity between sources was assessed via a measure of phase-based connectivity called inter-site phase clustering (ISPC). RESULTS Intra-class correlations (ICC) showed very high similarity in the average PAF (=computed using all eyes-closed data) between the four alpha sources (ICC single measure = 0.88, p < 0.001). Despite a common average PAF, across participants, significant ISPC was often observed no more than that expected by chance. Examination of the alpha time course data indicated that low ISPC was often due to instantaneous changes in alpha phase (phase slips). ISPC analyses removing data with phase slips indicated that low ISPC was also due to slight continuous changes in the alpha frequency, with frequency drift more likely in non-significant than significant ISPC trials. CONCLUSIONS The present exploratory effort suggested two processes underlying the lack of observed inter-regional alpha phase coherence that may help maintain regional functional independence even in the presence of a common PAF. In particular, although the alpha generators were observed to oscillate at the same rate on average, across time each alpha generator oscillated a little slower or faster, and about every one and a half seconds an alpha generator abruptly lost the beat. Because of this, functional independence among alpha generators (and thus brain regions) was the rule rather than the exception. Studies replicating these processes that allow brain regions to maintain functional independence, using different source localization methods and in different conditions (e.g., a true resting state), are warranted. IMPACT STATEMENT Using source localization to measure parietal-occipital alpha generator activity, two properties that limit between-region alpha functional connectivity are proposed. In particular, a model of alpha generator activity is offered where via transient phase slips occurring approximately every 1.5 s, as well as slight non-stationarity in the alpha frequency, brain regions retain a common alpha frequency while also maintaining regional identity and presumably functionality. Findings also suggest novel markers for use in studies examining changes in alpha activity across maturation as well as in studies examining alpha activity in patient populations where alpha abnormalities have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Song Liu
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- The University of California San Diego, Department of Radiology, San Diego, CA, USA; San Diego VA Healthcare System, Department of Radiology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Edward S Brodkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Laboratory, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Luke Bloy
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Otten K, Keller L, Puiu AA, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Seitz J, Kohn N, Edgar JC, Wagels L, Konrad K. Pre- and postnatal antibiotic exposure and risk of developing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-A systematic review and meta-analysis combining evidence from human and animal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104776. [PMID: 35842009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of early antibiotic exposure on ADHD risk by (1) integrating meta-analytical evidence from human observational studies examining the association between prenatal or early postnatal antibiotic exposure on the risk of developing ADHD; and (2) reviewing evidence from experimental animal studies on the effects of early antibiotic exposure on behavior. Sixteen human studies and five rodent studies were reviewed. A quantitative meta-analysis with 10 human studies indicated an increased risk for ADHD after prenatal antibiotic exposure (summary effect estimate Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.09-1.38; N = 2,398,475 subjects) but not after postnatal exposure within the first two years of life (summary effect estimate HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.95-1.32; N = 1,863,867 subjects). The rodent literature suggested that peri-natal antibiotic exposure has effects on social behavior, anxiety and aggression, alongside changes in gut microbial composition. Human and rodent findings thus suggest prenatal antibiotic exposure as a possible risk factor for ADHD, and suggest that an early disruption of the gut microbiome by antibiotics may interfere with neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Otten
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lara Keller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrei A Puiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nils Kohn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lisa Wagels
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 10, Research Centre Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), RWTH Aachen & Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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10
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Chen Y, Allison O, Green HL, Kuschner ES, Liu S, Kim M, Slinger M, Mol K, Chiang T, Bloy L, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC. Maturational trajectory of fusiform gyrus neural activity when viewing faces: From 4 months to 4 years old. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:917851. [PMID: 36034116 PMCID: PMC9411513 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.917851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant and young child electrophysiology studies have provided information regarding the maturation of face-encoding neural processes. A limitation of previous research is that very few studies have examined face-encoding processes in children 12-48 months of age, a developmental period characterized by rapid changes in the ability to encode facial information. The present study sought to fill this gap in the literature via a longitudinal study examining the maturation of a primary node in the face-encoding network-the left and right fusiform gyrus (FFG). Whole-brain magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were obtained from 25 infants with typical development at 4-12 months, and with follow-up MEG exams every ∼12 months until 3-4 years old. Children were presented with color images of Face stimuli and visual noise images (matched on spatial frequency, color distribution, and outer contour) that served as Non-Face stimuli. Using distributed source modeling, left and right face-sensitive FFG evoked waveforms were obtained from each child at each visit, with face-sensitive activity identified via examining the difference between the Non-Face and Face FFG timecourses. Before 24 months of age (Visits 1 and 2) the face-sensitive FFG M290 response was the dominant response, observed in the left and right FFG ∼250-450 ms post-stimulus. By 3-4 years old (Visit 4), the left and right face-sensitive FFG response occurred at a latency consistent with a face-sensitive M170 response ∼100-250 ms post-stimulus. Face-sensitive left and right FFG peak latencies decreased as a function of age (with age explaining greater than 70% of the variance in face-sensitive FFG latency), and with an adult-like FFG latency observed at 3-4 years old. Study findings thus showed face-sensitive FFG maturational changes across the first 4 years of life. Whereas a face-sensitive M290 response was observed under 2 years of age, by 3-4 years old, an adult-like face-sensitive M170 response was observed bilaterally. Future studies evaluating the maturation of face-sensitive FFG activity in infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders are of interest, with the present findings suggesting age-specific face-sensitive neural markers of a priori interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuhan Chen,
| | - Olivia Allison
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Heather L. Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily S. Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michelle Slinger
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kylie Mol
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Taylor Chiang
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Timothy P. L. Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - J. Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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White SA, Shellikeri S, Muñoz ML, Edgar JC, Nguyen JC, Sze RW. Can Radiology Technologists be Trained to Measure Leg Length Discrepancies as Accurately as Pediatric Radiologists? Acad Radiol 2022; 29:51-55. [PMID: 33257257 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Leg length discrepancy studies are labor intensive. They are procedurally simple and represent inefficient use of the radiologists' time and expertise. We hypothesized that radiology technologists could be trained to measure leg length discrepancies, and that their performance would be statistically equivalent to that of board-certified, fellowship-trained pediatric radiologists. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four radiology technologists were selected to participate in a supervised practice session. They independently measured and calculated leg length discrepancies on 10 randomly selected cases. Their performance was compared to measurements obtained by an experienced pediatric radiologist (reference standard). After 1 week, the technologists repeated their measurements on the same cases, which were resorted to simulate new cases. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) determined interobserver agreement between the technologists and radiologist and intra-observer reliability among the technologists. RESULTS Among the four technologists, similarity in measurements between session 1 and the reference standard was very high, with ICC values ranging from 0.93 to 0.98 (p < 0.001). The ICC between session 2 and the reference standard was also high, ranging from 0.93 to 0.98 (p < 0.001). Finally, among the four technologists, ICC values between session 1 and session 2 were ≥ 0.96 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Radiology technologists can be rapidly trained to calculate leg length discrepancies as accurately as a board-certified pediatric radiologist. Delegation of this time-consuming task to technologists or radiology assistants will permit radiologists to spend time on more demanding studies, such as studies that require subspecialty training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A White
- Division of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sphoorti Shellikeri
- Division of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marlon L Muñoz
- Division of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Division of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jie C Nguyen
- Division of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond W Sze
- Division of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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12
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Green HL, Dipiero M, Koppers S, Berman JI, Bloy L, Liu S, McBride E, Ku M, Blaskey L, Kuschner E, Airey M, Kim M, Konka K, Roberts TP, Edgar JC. Peak Alpha Frequency and Thalamic Structure in Children with Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:103-112. [PMID: 33629214 PMCID: PMC8384980 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Associations between age, resting-state (RS) peak-alpha-frequency (PAF = frequency showing largest amplitude alpha activity), and thalamic volume (thalamus thought to modulate alpha activity) were examined to understand differences in RS alpha activity between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically-developing children (TDC) noted in prior studies. RS MEG and structural-MRI data were obtained from 51 ASD and 70 TDC 6- to 18-year-old males. PAF and thalamic volume maturation were observed in TDC but not ASD. Although PAF was associated with right thalamic volume in TDC (R2 = 0.12, p = 0.01) but not ASD (R2 = 0.01, p = 0.35), this group difference was not large enough to reach significance. Findings thus showed unusual maturation of brain function and structure in ASD as well as an across-group thalamic contribution to alpha rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding Author: Heather Green, PhD, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Tel: 267-425-2464, Fax: 215-590-1345,
| | - Marissa Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simon Koppers
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey I. Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma McBride
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Konka
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy P.L. Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - J. Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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13
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Roberts TPL, Kuschner ES, Edgar JC. Biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder: opportunities for magnetoencephalography (MEG). J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:34. [PMID: 34525943 PMCID: PMC8442415 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews a candidate biomarker for ASD, the M50 auditory evoked response component, detected by magnetoencephalography (MEG) and presents a position on the roles and opportunities for such a biomarker, as well as converging evidence from allied imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI and spectroscopy, MRS). Data is presented on prolonged M50 latencies in ASD as well as extension to include children with ASD with significant language and cognitive impairments in whom M50 latency delays are exacerbated. Modeling of the M50 latency by consideration of the properties of auditory pathway white matter is shown to be successful in typical development but challenged by heterogeneity in ASD; this, however, is capitalized upon to identify a distinct subpopulation of children with ASD whose M50 latencies lie well outside the range of values predictable from the typically developing model. Interestingly, this subpopulation is characterized by low levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Following from this, we discuss a potential use of the M50 latency in indicating “target engagement” acutely with administration of a GABA-B agonist, potentially distinguishing “responders” from “non-responders” with the implication of optimizing inclusion for clinical trials of such agents. Implications for future application, including potential evaluation of infants with genetic risk factors, are discussed. As such, the broad scope of potential of a representative candidate biological marker, the M50 latency, is introduced along with potential future applications. This paper outlines a strategy for understanding brain dysfunction in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). It is proposed that a multimodal approach (collection of brain structure, chemistry, and neuronal functional data) will identify IDD subpopulations who share a common disease pathway, and thus identify individuals with IDD who might ultimately benefit from specific treatments. After briefly demonstrating the need and potential for scope, examples from studies examining brain function and structure in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) illustrate how measures of brain neuronal function (from magnetoencephalography, MEG), brain structure (from magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, especially diffusion MRI), and brain chemistry (MR spectroscopy) can help us better understand the heterogeneity in ASD and form the basis of multivariate biological markers (biomarkers) useable to define clinical subpopulations. Similar approaches can be applied to understand brain dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in general. In large part, this paper represents our endeavors as part of the CHOP/Penn NICHD-funded intellectual and developmental disabilities research center (IDDRC) over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P L Roberts
- Dept. of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Dept. of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Dept. of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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14
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Danzer E, Edgar JC, Eppley E, Goldshore MA, Chotzoglou E, Herkert LM, Oliver ER, Rintoul NE, Panitch H, Adzick NS, Hedrick HL, Victoria T. Predicting neonatal outcomes in infants with giant omphalocele using prenatal magnetic resonance imaging calculated observed-to-expected fetal lung volumes. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:1439-1448. [PMID: 34473853 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based observed/expected total lung volume (O/E TLV) and outcome in neonates with giant omphalocele (GO). METHODS Between 06/2004 and 12/2019, 67 cases with isolated GO underwent prenatal and postnatal care at our institution. MRI-based O/E TLVs were calculated based on normative data from Meyers and from Rypens and correlated with postnatal survival and morbidities. O/E TLV scores were grouped based on severity into <25% (severe), between 25% and 50% (moderate), and >50% (mild) for risk stratification. RESULTS O/E TLV was calculated for all patients according to Meyers nomograms and for 49 patients according to Rypens nomograms. Survival for GO neonates with severe, moderate, and mild pulmonary hypoplasia based on Meyers O/E TLV categories was 60%, 92%, and 96%, respectively (p = 0.04). There was a significant inverse association between Meyers O/E TLV and risk of neonatal morbidities (p < 0.05). A similar trend was observed with Rypens O/E TLV, but associations were less often significant likely related to the smaller sample size. CONCLUSION Neonatal outcomes are related to fetal lung size in isolated GO. Assessment of Meyers O/E TLV allows identification of GO fetuses at greatest risk for complications secondary to pulmonary hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Danzer
- The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Eppley
- The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew A Goldshore
- The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Etze Chotzoglou
- The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa M Herkert
- The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward R Oliver
- The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natalie E Rintoul
- The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Howard Panitch
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - N Scott Adzick
- The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Holly L Hedrick
- The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Teresa Victoria
- The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Edgar JC. Pediatric brain imaging research: Brain maturation constrains study design and clinical interpretation. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 75:267-269. [PMID: 34121272 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Samoyedny A, Srinivasan A, States L, Mosse YP, Alai E, Pawel B, Pogoriler J, Shellikeri S, Vatsky S, Acord M, Escobar F, Edgar JC, Maris JM, Cahill AM. Image-Guided Biopsy for Relapsed Neuroblastoma: Focus on Safety, Adequacy for Genetic Sequencing, and Correlation of Tumor Cell Percent With Quantitative Lesion MIBG Uptake. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00171. [PMID: 34250393 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Many novel therapies for relapsed and refractory neuroblastoma require tumor tissue for genomic sequencing. We analyze our experience with image-guided biopsy in these patients, focusing on safety, yield, adequacy for next-generation sequencing (NGS), and correlation of tumor cell percent (TC%) with quantitative uptake on 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) single-photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT/CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS An 11-year retrospective review of image-guided biopsy on 66 patients (30 female), with a median age of 8.7 years (range, 0.9-49 years), who underwent 95 biopsies (55 bone and 40 soft tissue) of relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma lesions was performed. RESULTS There were seven minor complications (7%) and one major complication (1%). Neuroblastoma was detected in 88% of MIBG- or fluorodeoxyglucose-avid foci. The overall NGS adequacy was 69% (64% in bone and 74% in soft tissue, P = .37). NGS adequacy within neuroblastoma-positive biopsies was 88% (82% bone and 96% soft tissue, P = .11). NGS-adequate biopsies had a greater mean TC% than inadequates (51% v 18%, P = .03). NGS-adequate biopsies had a higher mean number of needle passes (7.5 v 3.4, P = .0002). The mean tissue volume from NGS-adequate soft-tissue lesions was 0.16 cm3 ± 0.12. Lesion:liver and lesion:psoas MIBG uptake ratios correlated with TC% (r = 0.74, r = 0.72, and n = 14). Mean TC% in NGS-adequate samples was 51%, corresponding to a lesion:liver ratio of 2.9 and a lesion:psoas ratio of 9.0. Thirty percent of biopsies showed an actionable ALK mutation or other therapeutically relevant variant. CONCLUSION Image-guided biopsy for relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma was safe and likely to provide NGS data to guide therapy decisions. A lesion:liver MIBG uptake ratio of ≥ 3 or a lesion:psoas ratio of > 9 was associated with a TC% sufficient to deliver NGS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Samoyedny
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abhay Srinivasan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lisa States
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yael P Mosse
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emma Alai
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jennifer Pogoriler
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Seth Vatsky
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Acord
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Fernando Escobar
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - John M Maris
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anne Marie Cahill
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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17
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Kuschner ES, Kim M, Bloy L, Dipiero M, Edgar JC, Roberts TPL. MEG-PLAN: a clinical and technical protocol for obtaining magnetoencephalography data in minimally verbal or nonverbal children who have autism spectrum disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:8. [PMID: 33485311 PMCID: PMC7827989 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging research on individuals who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has historically been limited primarily to those with age-appropriate cognitive and language performance. Children with limited abilities are frequently excluded from such neuroscience research given anticipated barriers like tolerating the loud sounds associated with magnetic resonance imaging and remaining still during data collection. To better understand brain function across the full range of ASD there is a need to (1) include individuals with limited cognitive and language performance in neuroimaging research (non-sedated, awake) and (2) improve data quality across the performance range. The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and test the feasibility of a clinical/behavioral and technical protocol for obtaining magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Participants were 38 children with ASD (8-12 years) meeting the study definition of minimally verbal/nonverbal language. MEG data were obtained during a passive pure-tone auditory task. RESULTS Based on stakeholder feedback, the MEG Protocol for Low-language/cognitive Ability Neuroimaging (MEG-PLAN) was developed, integrating clinical/behavioral and technical components to be implemented by an interdisciplinary team (clinicians, behavior specialists, scientists, and technologists). Using MEG-PLAN, a 74% success rate was achieved for acquiring MEG data, with a 71% success rate for evaluable and analyzable data. Exploratory analyses suggested nonverbal IQ and adaptive skills were related to reaching the point of acquirable data. No differences in group characteristics were observed between those with acquirable versus evaluable/analyzable data. Examination of data quality (evaluable trial count) was acceptable. Moreover, results were reproducible, with high intraclass correlation coefficients for pure-tone auditory latency. CONCLUSIONS Children who have ASD who are minimally verbal/nonverbal, and often have co-occurring cognitive impairments, can be effectively and comfortably supported to complete an electrophysiological exam that yields valid and reproducible results. MEG-PLAN is a protocol that can be disseminated and implemented across research teams and adapted across technologies and neurodevelopmental disorders to collect electrophysiology and neuroimaging data in previously understudied groups of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Room 5251, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Room 5251, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Room 5251, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Marissa Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Room 5251, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Room 5251, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Room 5251, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
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18
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Chen Y, Slinger M, Edgar JC, Bloy L, Kuschner ES, Kim M, Green HL, Chiang T, Yount T, Liu S, Lebus J, Lam S, Stephen JM, Huang H, Roberts TPL. Maturation of hemispheric specialization for face encoding during infancy and toddlerhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100918. [PMID: 33571846 PMCID: PMC7876542 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using infant magnetoencephalography (MEG), study findings show maturational changes to fusiform gyrus (FFG) activity when viewing faces. Earlier right FFG activity to face stimuli is associated with better social and cognitive ability. Stronger right- than left-hemisphere FFG responses to face stimuli are most evident after 1 year of age.
Little is known about the neural processes associated with attending to social stimuli during infancy and toddlerhood. Using infant magnetoencephalography (MEG), fusiform gyrus (FFG) activity while processing Face and Non-Face stimuli was examined in 46 typically developing infants 3 to 24 months old (28 males). Several findings indicated FFG maturation throughout the first two years of life. First, right FFG responses to Face stimuli decreased as a function of age. Second, hemispheric specialization to the face stimuli developed somewhat slowly, with earlier right than left FFG peak activity most evident after 1 year of age. Right FFG activity to Face stimuli was of clinical interest, with an earlier right FFG response associated with better performance on tests assessing social and cognitive ability. Building on the above, clinical studies examining maturational change in FFG activity (e.g., lateralization and speed) in infants at-risk for childhood disorders associated with social deficits are of interest to identify atypical FFG maturation before a formal diagnosis is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Michelle Slinger
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Heather L Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Taylor Chiang
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tess Yount
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jill Lebus
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Samantha Lam
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julia M Stephen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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19
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Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) research indicates differences in neural brain measures in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing (TD) children. As reviewed here, resting-state MEG exams are of interest as well as MEG paradigms that assess neural function across domains (e.g., auditory, resting state). To date, MEG research has primarily focused on group-level differences. Research is needed to explore whether MEG measures can predict, at the individual level, ASD diagnosis, prognosis (future severity), and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Green
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Barrera CA, Francavilla ML, Serai SD, Edgar JC, Jaimes C, Gee MS, Roberts TPL, Otero HJ, Adzick NS, Victoria T. Specific Absorption Rate and Specific Energy Dose: Comparison of 1.5-T versus 3.0-T Fetal MRI. Radiology 2020; 295:664-674. [PMID: 32255418 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020191550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background MRI performed at 3.0 T offers greater signal-to-noise ratio and better spatial resolution than does MRI performed at 1.5 T; however, for fetal MRI, there are concerns about the potential for greater radiofrequency energy administered to the fetus at 3.0-T MRI. Purpose To compare the specific absorption rate (SAR) and specific energy dose (SED) of fetal MRI at 1.5 and 3.0 T. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, all fetal MRI examinations performed with 1.5- and 3.0-T scanners at one institution between July 2012 and October 2016 were evaluated. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) steady-state free precession (SSFP), single-shot fast spin-echo, 2D and 3D T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR), and echo-planar imaging sequences were performed. SAR, SED, accumulated SED, and acquisition time were retrieved from the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine header. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Two one-sided tests with equivalence bounds of 0.5 (Cohen d effect size) were performed, with statistical equivalence considered at P < .05. Results A total of 2952 pregnant women were evaluated. Mean maternal age was 30 years ± 6 (age range, 12-49 years), mean gestational age was 24 weeks ± 6 (range, 17-40 weeks). A total of 3247 fetal MRI scans were included, with 2784 (86%) obtained at 1.5 T and 463 (14%) obtained at 3.0 T. In total, 93 764 sequences were performed, with 81 535 (87%) performed at 1.5 T and 12 229 (13%) performed at 3.0 T. When comparing 1.5- with 3.0-T MRI sequences, mean SAR (1.09 W/kg ± 0.69 vs 1.14 W/kg ± 0.61), mean SED (33 J/kg ± 27 vs 38 J/kg ± 26), and mean accumulated SED (965 J/kg ± 408 vs 996 J/kg ± 366, P < .001) were equivalent. Conclusion Fetal 1.5- and 3.0-T MRI examinations were found to have equivalent energy metrics in most cases. The 3.0-T sequences, such as two-dimensional T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo and three-dimensional steady-state free precession, may require modification to keep the energy delivered to the patient as low as possible. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Barrera
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.A.B., M.L.F., S.D.S., J.C.E., T.P.L.R., H.J.O., T.V.) and Surgery (N.S.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.E., T.P.L.R.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (C.J.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G.)
| | - Michael L Francavilla
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.A.B., M.L.F., S.D.S., J.C.E., T.P.L.R., H.J.O., T.V.) and Surgery (N.S.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.E., T.P.L.R.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (C.J.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G.)
| | - Suraj D Serai
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.A.B., M.L.F., S.D.S., J.C.E., T.P.L.R., H.J.O., T.V.) and Surgery (N.S.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.E., T.P.L.R.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (C.J.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G.)
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.A.B., M.L.F., S.D.S., J.C.E., T.P.L.R., H.J.O., T.V.) and Surgery (N.S.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.E., T.P.L.R.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (C.J.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G.)
| | - Camilo Jaimes
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.A.B., M.L.F., S.D.S., J.C.E., T.P.L.R., H.J.O., T.V.) and Surgery (N.S.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.E., T.P.L.R.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (C.J.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G.)
| | - Michael S Gee
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.A.B., M.L.F., S.D.S., J.C.E., T.P.L.R., H.J.O., T.V.) and Surgery (N.S.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.E., T.P.L.R.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (C.J.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G.)
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.A.B., M.L.F., S.D.S., J.C.E., T.P.L.R., H.J.O., T.V.) and Surgery (N.S.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.E., T.P.L.R.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (C.J.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G.)
| | - Hansel J Otero
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.A.B., M.L.F., S.D.S., J.C.E., T.P.L.R., H.J.O., T.V.) and Surgery (N.S.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.E., T.P.L.R.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (C.J.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G.)
| | - N Scott Adzick
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.A.B., M.L.F., S.D.S., J.C.E., T.P.L.R., H.J.O., T.V.) and Surgery (N.S.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.E., T.P.L.R.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (C.J.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G.)
| | - Teresa Victoria
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.A.B., M.L.F., S.D.S., J.C.E., T.P.L.R., H.J.O., T.V.) and Surgery (N.S.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.E., T.P.L.R.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (C.J.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G.)
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21
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Edgar JC. Identifying electrophysiological markers of autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia against a backdrop of normal brain development. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:1-11. [PMID: 31472015 PMCID: PMC10150852 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An examination of electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic studies demonstrates how age-related changes in brain neural function temporally constrain their use as diagnostic markers. A first example shows that, given maturational changes in the resting-state peak alpha frequency in typically developing children but not in children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD), group differences in alpha-band activity characterize only a subset of children who have ASD. A second example, auditory encoding processes in schizophrenia, shows that the complication of normal age-related brain changes on detecting and interpreting group differences in neural activity is not specific to children. MRI studies reporting group differences in the rate of brain maturation demonstrate that a group difference in brain maturation may be a concern for all diagnostic brain markers. Attention to brain maturation is needed whether one takes a DSM-5 or a Research Domain Criteria approach to research. For example, although there is interest in cross-diagnostic studies comparing brain measures in ASD and schizophrenia, such studies are difficult given that measures are obtained in one group well after and in the other much closer to the onset of symptoms. In addition, given differences in brain activity among infants, toddlers, children, adolescents, and younger and older adults, creating tasks and research designs that produce interpretable findings across the life span and yet allow for development is difficult at best. To conclude, brain imaging findings show an effect of brain maturation on diagnostic markers separate from (and potentially difficult to distinguish from) effects of disease processes. Available research with large samples already provides direction about the age range(s) when diagnostic markers are most robust and informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
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22
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Edgar JC, Blaskey L, Green HL, Konka K, Shen G, Dipiero MA, Berman JI, Bloy L, Liu S, McBride E, Ku M, Kuschner ES, Airey M, Kim M, Franzen RE, Miller GA, Roberts TPL. Maturation of Auditory Cortex Neural Activity in Children and Implications for Auditory Clinical Markers in Diagnosis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:584557. [PMID: 33329127 PMCID: PMC7717950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.584557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional brain markers that can inform research on brain abnormalities, and especially those ready to facilitate clinical work on such abnormalities, will need to show not only considerable sensitivity and specificity but enough consistency with respect to developmental course that their validity in individual cases can be trusted. A challenge to establishing such markers may be individual differences in developmental course. The present study examined auditory cortex activity in children at an age when developmental changes to the auditory cortex 50 ms (M50) and 100 ms (M100) components are prominent to better understand the use of auditory markers in pediatric clinical research. MEG auditory encoding measures (auditory evoked fields in response to pure tone stimuli) were obtained from 15 typically developing children 6-8 years old, with measures repeated 18 and 36 months after the initial exam. MEG analyses were conducted in source space (i.e., brain location), with M50 and M100 sources identified in left and right primary/secondary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus). A left and right M50 response was observed at all times (Time 1, Time 2, Time 3), with M50 latency (collapsing across hemisphere) at Time 3 (77 ms) 10 ms earlier than Time 1 (87 ms; p < 0.001) and with M50 responses on average (collapsing across time) 5 ms earlier in the right (80 ms) than left hemisphere (85 ms; p < 0.05). In the majority of children, however, M50 latency changes were not constant across the three-year period; for example, whereas in some children a ~10 ms latency reduction was observed from Time 1 to Time 2, in other children a ~10 ms latency reduction was observed from Time 2 to Time 3. M100 responses were defined by a significant "peak" of detected power with magnetic field topography opposite M50 and occurring 50-100 ms later than the M50. Although M100s were observed in a few children at Time 1 and Time 2 (and more often in the right than left hemisphere), M100s were not observed in the majority of children except in the right hemisphere at Time 3. In sum, longitudinal findings showed large between- and within-subject variability in rate of change as well as time to reach neural developmental milestones (e.g., presence of a detectable M100 response). Findings also demonstrated the need to examine whole-brain activity, given hemisphere differences in the rate of auditory cortex maturation. Pediatric research will need to take such normal variability into account when seeking clinical auditory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Center for Autism Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Heather L Green
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kimberly Konka
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guannan Shen
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marissa A Dipiero
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luke Bloy
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emma McBride
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Matt Ku
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Center for Autism Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Megan Airey
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rose E Franzen
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations Magnetoencephalography Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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23
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Roberts TPL, Bloy L, Blaskey L, Kuschner E, Gaetz L, Anwar A, Ku M, Dipiero M, Bennett A, Edgar JC. A MEG Study of Acute Arbaclofen (STX-209) Administration. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:69. [PMID: 31866839 PMCID: PMC6904329 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several electrophysiological parameters, including the auditory evoked response component M50/M100 latencies and the phase synchrony of transient and steady-state gamma-band oscillations have been implicated as atypical (to various extents) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Furthermore, some hypotheses suggest that an underlying neurobiological mechanism for these observations might be atypical local circuit function indexed by atypical levels of inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, escalating-dose, acute investigation conducted in 25 14–18 year-old adolescents with ASD. The study assessed the sensitivity of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and MEGAPRESS “GABA” magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to monitor dose-dependent acute effects, as well as seeking to define properties of the pre-drug “baseline” electrophysiological and GABA signatures that might predict responsiveness to the GABA-B agonist, arbaclofen (STX-209). Overall, GABA levels and gamma-band oscillatory activity showed no acute changes at either low (15 mg) or high (30 mg) dose. Evoked M50 response latency measures tended to shorten (normalize), but there was heterogeneity across the group in M50 latency response, with only a subset of participants (n = 6) showing significant M50 latency shortening, and only at the 15 mg dose. Findings thus suggest that MEG M50 latency measures show acute effects of arbaclofen administration in select individuals, perhaps reflecting effective target engagement. Whether these subjects have a greater trend towards clinical benefit remains to be established. Finally, findings also provide preliminary support for the use of objective electrophysiological measures upon which to base inclusion for optimal enrichment of populations to be included in full-scale clinical trials of arbaclofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Leah Gaetz
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ayesha Anwar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Matt Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marissa Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amanda Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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24
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Roberts TPL, Matsuzaki J, Blaskey L, Bloy L, Edgar JC, Kim M, Ku M, Kuschner ES, Embick D. Delayed M50/M100 evoked response component latency in minimally verbal/nonverbal children who have autism spectrum disorder. Mol Autism 2019; 10:34. [PMID: 31428297 PMCID: PMC6694560 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal auditory neuromagnetic M50 and M100 responses, reflecting primary/secondary auditory cortex processing, have been reported in children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Some studies have reported an association between delays in these responses and language impairment. However, as most prior research has focused on verbal individuals with ASD without cognitive impairment, rather little is known about neural activity during auditory processing in minimally verbal or nonverbal children who have ASD (ASD-MVNV)-children with little or no speech and often significant cognitive impairment. To understand the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying auditory processing in ASD-MVNV children, magnetoencephalography (MEG) measured M50 and M100 responses arising from left and right superior temporal gyri during tone stimuli in three cohorts: (1) MVNV children who have ASD (ASD-MVNV), (2) verbal children who have ASD and no intellectual disability (ASD-V), and (3) typically developing (TD) children. One hundred and five participants (8-12 years) were included in the final analyses (ASD-MVNV: n = 16, 9.85 ± 1.32 years; ASD-V: n = 55, 10.64 ± 1.31 years; TD: n = 34, 10.18 ± 1.36 years). ASD-MVNV children showed significantly delayed M50 and M100 latencies compared to TD. These delays tended to be greater than the corresponding delays in verbal children with ASD. Across cohorts, delayed latencies were associated with language and communication skills, assessed by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale Communication Domain. Findings suggest that auditory cortex neural activity measures could be dimensional objective indices of language impairment in ASD for either diagnostic (e.g., via threshold or cutoff) or prognostic (considering the continuous variable) use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P L Roberts
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mina Kim
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - David Embick
- 3Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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25
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Barrera CA, Bedoya MA, Delgado J, Berman JI, Chauvin NA, Edgar JC, Jaramillo D. Correlation between diffusion tensor imaging parameters of the distal femoral physis and adjacent metaphysis, and subsequent adolescent growth. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:1192-1200. [PMID: 31177318 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) depicts the movement of water through columns of cartilage and newly formed bone and provides information about velocity of growth and growth potential. OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation between DTI tractography parameters of the distal femoral physis and metaphysis and the height change after DTI in pubertal and post-pubertal children. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed DTI images of the knee in 47 children with a mean age of 14.1 years in a 2-year period. In sagittal echoplanar DTI studies, regions of interest were placed in the femoral physis. Tractography was performed using a fractional anisotropy threshold of 0.15 and a maximum turning angle of 40°. The sample was divided to assess short-term and long-term growth after DTI. Short-term growth (n=25) was the height change between height at MRI and 1 year later. Long-term growth (n=36) was the height gain between height at MRI and at the growth plateau. RESULTS For the short-term group, subjects with larger tract volume (R2=0.40) and longer track lengths (R2=0.38) had larger height gains (P<0.01). For the long-term group, subjects with larger tract volume (R2=0.43) and longer track lengths (R2=0.32) had a larger height gain at the growth plateau (P<0.01). Intra- and inter-observer variability were good-excellent. CONCLUSION Follow-up data of growth 1 year after DTI evaluation and at skeletal maturity confirms that DTI parameters are associated with the amount of post-imaging growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Barrera
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria A Bedoya
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Delgado
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy A Chauvin
- Department of Radiology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diego Jaramillo
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., MC 28, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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26
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Matsuzaki J, Bloy L, Blaskey L, Miller J, Kuschner ES, Ku M, Dipiero M, Airey M, Edgar JC, Embick D, Ross JL, Roberts TPL. Abnormal Auditory Mismatch Fields in Children and Adolescents with 47,XYY Syndrome. Dev Neurosci 2019; 41:123-131. [PMID: 31280271 DOI: 10.1159/000500799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
47,XYY syndrome (XYY) is one of the common forms of sex chromosome aneuploidy in males. XYY males tend to have tall stature, early speech, motor delays, social and behavioral challenges, and a high rate of language impairment. Recent studies indicate that 20-40% of males with XYY meet diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD; the rate in the general population is 1-2%). Although many studies have examined the neural correlates of language impairment in ASD, few similar studies have been conducted on individuals with XYY. Studies using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in idiopathic ASD (ASD-I) have demonstrated delayed neurophysiological responses to changes in the auditory stream, revealed in the mismatch negativity or its magnetic counterpart, the mismatch field (MMF). This study investigated whether similar findings are observed in XYY-associated ASD and whether delayed processing is also present in individuals with XYY without ASD. MEG measured MMFs arising from the left and the right superior temporal gyrus during an auditory oddball paradigm with vowel stimuli (/a/ and /u/) in children/adolescents with XYY both with and without a diagnosis of ASD, as well as in those with ASD-I and in typically developing controls (TD). Ninety male participants (6-17 years old) were included in the final analyses (TD, n = 38, 11.50 ± 2.88 years; ASD-I, n = 21, 13.83 ± 3.25 years; XYY without ASD, n = 15, 12.65 ± 3.91 years; XYY with ASD, n = 16, 12.62 ± 3.19 years). The groups did not differ significantly in age (p > 0.05). There was a main effect of group on MMF latency (p < 0.001). Delayed MMF latencies were found in participants with XYY both with and without an ASD diagnosis, as well as in the ASD-I group compared to the TD group (ps < 0.001). Furthermore, participants with XYY (with and without ASD) showed a longer MMF latency than the ASD-I group (ps < 0.001). There was, however, no significant difference in MMF latency between individuals with XYY with ASD and those with XYY without ASD. Delayed MMF latencies were associated with severity of language impairment. Our findings suggest that auditory MMF latency delays are pronounced in this specific Y chromosome aneuploidy disorder, both with and without an ASD diagnosis, and thus may implicate the genes of the Y chromosome in mediating atypical MMF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Matsuzaki
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judith Miller
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marissa Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Embick
- Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judith L Ross
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, .,Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,
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27
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Chen YH, Howell B, Edgar JC, Huang M, Kochunov P, Hunter MA, Wootton C, Lu BY, Bustillo J, Sadek JR, Miller GA, Cañive JM. Associations and Heritability of Auditory Encoding, Gray Matter, and Attention in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:859-870. [PMID: 30099543 PMCID: PMC6581123 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory encoding abnormalities, gray-matter loss, and cognitive deficits are all candidate schizophrenia (SZ) endophenotypes. This study evaluated associations between and heritability of auditory network attributes (function and structure) and attention in healthy controls (HC), SZ patients, and unaffected relatives (UR). METHODS Whole-brain maps of M100 auditory activity from magnetoencephalography recordings, cortical thickness (CT), and a measure of attention were obtained from 70 HC, 69 SZ patients, and 35 UR. Heritability estimates (h2r) were obtained for M100, CT at each group-difference region, and the attention measure. RESULTS SZ patients had weaker bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) M100 responses than HC and a weaker right frontal M100 response than UR. Abnormally large M100 responses in left superior frontal gyrus were observed in UR and SZ patients. SZ patients showed smaller CT in bilateral STG and right frontal regions. Interrelatedness between 3 putative SZ endophenotypes was demonstrated, although in the left STG the M100 and CT function-structure associations observed in HC and UR were absent in SZ patients. Heritability analyses also showed that right frontal M100 and bilateral STG CT measures are significantly heritable. CONCLUSIONS Present findings indicated that the 3 SZ endophenotypes examined are not isolated markers of pathology but instead are connected. The pattern of auditory encoding group differences and the pattern of brain function-structure associations differ as a function of brain region, indicating the need for regional specificity when studying these endophenotypes, and with the presence of left STG function-structure associations in HC and UR but not in SZ perhaps reflecting disease-associated damage to gray matter that disrupts function-structure relationships in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Seashore House 1F Room 116B, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; tel: +1(267)426-0959, fax: +1(267)425-2465, e-mail:
| | - Breannan Howell
- Department of Psychology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychiatric Research, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA,Department of Radiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, San Diego, CA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael A Hunter
- Department of Psychology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychiatric Research, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Cassandra Wootton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychiatric Research, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Brett Y Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychiatric Research, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Joseph R Sadek
- Psychiatry Research, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - José M Cañive
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychiatric Research, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM,Psychiatry Research, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Albuquerque, NM
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28
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Port RG, Dipiero MA, Ku M, Liu S, Blaskey L, Kuschner ES, Edgar JC, Roberts TP, Berman JI. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Demonstrate Regionally Specific Altered Resting-State Phase-Amplitude Coupling. Brain Connect 2019; 9:425-436. [PMID: 30900464 PMCID: PMC6588114 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit altered electrophysiological alpha to gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). Preliminary reports with small samples report conflicting findings regarding the directionality of the alpha to gamma PAC alterations in ASD. The present study examined resting-state activity throughout the brain in a relatively large sample of 119 children with ASD and 47 typically developing children. Children with ASD demonstrated regionally specific abnormalities in alpha to low-gamma PAC, with increased alpha to low-gamma PAC for a central midline source and decreased PAC at lateral sources. Group differences in local gamma-band power did not account for the regional group differences in alpha to low-gamma PAC. Moreover, local alpha power did not significantly modulate alpha to low-gamma PAC estimates. Finally, PAC estimates were correlated with Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) indicating clinical relevance of the PAC metric. In conclusion, alpha to low-gamma PAC alterations in ASD demonstrate a heterogeneous spatial profile consistent with previous studies and were related to symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G. Port
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marissa A. Dipiero
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Ku
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Autism Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily S. Kuschner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J. Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy P.L. Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey I. Berman
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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29
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Edgar JC, Dipiero M, McBride E, Green HL, Berman J, Ku M, Liu S, Blaskey L, Kuschner E, Airey M, Ross JL, Bloy L, Kim M, Koppers S, Gaetz W, Schultz RT, Roberts TPL. Abnormal maturation of the resting-state peak alpha frequency in children with autism spectrum disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3288-3298. [PMID: 30977235 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in resting-state (RS) neural rhythms in typically developing children (TDC) but not children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggest that RS measures may be of clinical use in ASD only for certain ages. The study examined this issue via assessing RS peak alpha frequency (PAF), a measure previous studies, have indicated as abnormal in ASD. RS magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data were obtained from 141 TDC (6.13-17.70 years) and 204 ASD (6.07-17.93 years). A source model with 15 regional sources projected the raw MEG surface data into brain source space. PAF was identified in each participant from the source showing the largest amplitude alpha activity (7-13 Hz). Given sex differences in PAF in TDC (females > males) and relatively few females in both groups, group comparisons were conducted examining only male TDC (N = 121) and ASD (N = 183). Regressions showed significant group slope differences, with an age-related increase in PAF in TDC (R2 = 0.32) but not ASD (R2 = 0.01). Analyses examining male children below or above 10-years-old (median split) indicated group effects only in the younger TDC (8.90 Hz) and ASD (9.84 Hz; Cohen's d = 1.05). In the older ASD, a higher nonverbal IQ was associated with a higher PAF. In the younger TDC, a faster speed of processing was associated with a higher PAF. PAF as a marker for ASD depends on age, with a RS alpha marker of more interest in younger versus older children with ASD. Associations between PAF and cognitive ability were also found to be age and group specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marissa Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emma McBride
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather L Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Judith L Ross
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon Koppers
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, Aachen, Germany
| | - William Gaetz
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Chen YH, Saby J, Kuschner E, Gaetz W, Edgar JC, Roberts TPL. Magnetoencephalography and the infant brain. Neuroimage 2019; 189:445-458. [PMID: 30685329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that provides whole-head measures of neural activity with millisecond temporal resolution. Over the last three decades, MEG has been used for assessing brain activity, most commonly in adults. MEG has been used less often to examine neural function during early development, in large part due to the fact that infant whole-head MEG systems have only recently been developed. In this review, an overview of infant MEG studies is provided, focusing on the period from birth to three years. The advantages of MEG for measuring neural activity in infants are highlighted (See Box 1), including the ability to assess activity in brain (source) space rather than sensor space, thus allowing direct assessment of neural generator activity. Recent advances in MEG hardware and source analysis are also discussed. As the review indicates, efforts in this area demonstrate that MEG is a promising technology for studying the infant brain. As a noninvasive technology, with emerging hardware providing the necessary sensitivity, an expected deliverable is the capability for longitudinal infant MEG studies evaluating the developmental trajectory (maturation) of neural activity. It is expected that departures from neuro-typical trajectories will offer early detection and prognosis insights in infants and toddlers at-risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, thus paving the way for early targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joni Saby
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - William Gaetz
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Edgar JC, Fisk CL, Chen YH, Stone-Howell B, Liu S, Hunter MA, Huang M, Bustillo J, Cañive JM, Miller GA. Identifying auditory cortex encoding abnormalities in schizophrenia: The utility of low-frequency versus 40 Hz steady-state measures. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:e13074. [PMID: 29570815 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and EEG have identified poststimulus low frequency and 40 Hz steady-state auditory encoding abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ). Negative findings have also appeared. To identify factors contributing to these inconsistencies, healthy control (HC) and SZ group differences were examined in MEG and EEG source space and EEG sensor space, with better group differentiation hypothesized for source than sensor measures given greater predictive utility for source measures. Fifty-five HC and 41 chronic SZ were presented 500 Hz sinusoidal stimuli modulated at 40 Hz during simultaneous whole-head MEG and EEG. MEG and EEG source models using left and right superior temporal gyrus (STG) dipoles estimated trial-to-trial phase similarity and percent change from prestimulus baseline. Group differences in poststimulus low-frequency activity and 40 Hz steady-state response were evaluated. Several EEG sensor analysis strategies were also examined. Poststimulus low-frequency group differences were observed across all methods. Given an age-related decrease in left STG 40 Hz steady-state activity in HC (HC > SZ), 40 Hz steady-state group differences were evident only in younger participants' source measures. Findings thus indicated that optimal data collection and analysis methods depend on the auditory encoding measure of interest. In addition, whereas results indicated that HC and SZ auditory encoding low-frequency group differences are generally comparable across modality and analysis strategy (and thus not dependent on obtaining construct-valid measures of left and right auditory cortex activity), 40 Hz steady-state group-difference findings are much more dependent on analysis strategy, with 40 Hz steady-state source-space findings providing the best group differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Edgar
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles L Fisk
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Breannan Stone-Howell
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Center for Psychiatric Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Song Liu
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A Hunter
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Center for Psychiatric Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, San Diego VA Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Center for Psychiatric Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - José M Cañive
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Center for Psychiatric Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Kaplan SL, Magill D, Felice MA, Edgar JC, Anupindi SA, Zhu X. Intussusception reduction: Effect of air vs. liquid enema on radiation dose. Pediatr Radiol 2017; 47:1471-1476. [PMID: 28578475 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both air and radiopaque liquid contrast are used to reduce ileocolic intussusception under fluoroscopy. Some suggest air lowers radiation dose due to shorter procedure times. However, air enema likely lowers radiation dose regardless of fluoroscopy time due to less density over the automatic exposure control cells. OBJECTIVES We test the hypothesis that air enema reduction of ileocolic intussusception results in lower radiation dose than liquid contrast enema independent of fluoroscopy time. We describe a role for automatic exposure control in this dose difference. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated air and liquid intussusception reductions performed on a single digital fluoroscopic unit during a 26-month period. We compared patient age, weight, gender, exam time of day and year, performing radiologist(s), radiographic image acquisitions, grid and magnification use, fluoroscopy time and dose area product. We compared categorical and continuous variables statistically using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively. RESULTS The mean dose area product was 2.7-fold lower for air enema, 1.3 ± 0.9 dGy·cm2, than for liquid, 3.5 ± 2.5 dGy·cm2 (P<0.005). The mean fluoroscopy time was similar between techniques. The mean dose area product/min was 2.3-fold lower for air, 0.6 ± 0.2 dGy·cm2/min, than for liquid, 1.4 ± 0.5 dGy·cm2/min (P<0.001). No group differences were identified in other measured dose parameters. CONCLUSION Fluoroscopic intussusception reduction using air enema uses less than half the radiation dose of liquid contrast enema. Dose savings are independent of fluoroscopy time and are likely due to automatic exposure control interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer L Kaplan
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Dennise Magill
- Environmental Health and Radiation Safety, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc A Felice
- Environmental Health and Radiation Safety, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sudha A Anupindi
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bedoya MA, White AM, Edgar JC, Pradhan M, Raab EL, Meyer JS. Effect of Intravenous Administration of Contrast Media on Serum Creatinine Levels in Neonates. Radiology 2017; 284:530-540. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017160895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Bedoya
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.A.B., A.M.W., J.C.E., J.S.M.) and Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology (M.P.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Medical Group, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, Calif (E.L.R.)
| | - Ammie M. White
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.A.B., A.M.W., J.C.E., J.S.M.) and Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology (M.P.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Medical Group, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, Calif (E.L.R.)
| | - J. Christopher Edgar
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.A.B., A.M.W., J.C.E., J.S.M.) and Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology (M.P.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Medical Group, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, Calif (E.L.R.)
| | - Madhura Pradhan
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.A.B., A.M.W., J.C.E., J.S.M.) and Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology (M.P.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Medical Group, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, Calif (E.L.R.)
| | - Elisabeth L. Raab
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.A.B., A.M.W., J.C.E., J.S.M.) and Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology (M.P.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Medical Group, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, Calif (E.L.R.)
| | - James S. Meyer
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.A.B., A.M.W., J.C.E., J.S.M.) and Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology (M.P.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Medical Group, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, Calif (E.L.R.)
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Edgar JC, Fisk CL, Chen YH, Stone-Howell B, Hunter MA, Huang M, Bustillo JR, Cañive JM, Miller GA. By our bootstraps: Comparing methods for measuring auditory 40 Hz steady-state neural activity. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1110-1127. [PMID: 28421620 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the 40 Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is of clinical interest, the construct validity of EEG and MEG measures of 40 Hz ASSR cortical microcircuits is unclear. This study evaluated several MEG and EEG metrics by leveraging findings of (a) an association between the 40 Hz ASSR and age in the left but not right hemisphere, and (b) right- > left-hemisphere differences in the strength of the 40 Hz ASSR. The contention is that, if an analysis method does not demonstrate a left 40 Hz ASSR and age relationship or hemisphere differences, then the obtained measures likely have low validity. Fifty-three adults were presented 500 Hz stimuli modulated at 40 Hz while MEG and EEG were collected. ASSR activity was examined as a function of phase similarity (intertrial coherence) and percent change from baseline (total power). A variety of head models (spherical and realistic) and a variety of dipole source modeling strategies (dipole source localization and dipoles fixed to Heschl's gyri) were compared. Several sensor analysis strategies were also tested. EEG sensor measures failed to detect left 40 Hz ASSR and age associations or hemisphere differences. A comparison of MEG and EEG head-source models showed similarity in the 40 Hz ASSR measures and in estimating age and left 40 Hz ASSR associations, indicating good construct validity across models. Given a goal of measuring the 40 Hz ASSR cortical microcircuits, a source-modeling approach was shown to be superior in measuring this construct versus methods that rely on EEG sensor measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles L Fisk
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Breannan Stone-Howell
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Michael A Hunter
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Radiology, San Diego, California.,San Diego VA Healthcare System, Department of Radiology, San Diego, California
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - José M Cañive
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Gregory A Miller
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, California
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Victoria T, Danzer E, Oliver ER, Edgar JC, Iyoob S, Partridge EA, Johnson AM, Peranteau WH, Coleman BG, Flake AW, Johnson MP, Hedrick HH, Adzick NS. Right Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernias: Is There a Correlation between Prenatal Lung Volume and Postnatal Survival, as in Isolated Left Diaphragmatic Hernias? Fetal Diagn Ther 2017; 43:12-18. [PMID: 28319942 DOI: 10.1159/000464246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whereas left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernias (L-CDH) have been extensively studied and their prognostic parameters delineated, right-sided hernias (R-CDH) have not. Published results remain inconclusive. The aim of this study is to evaluate if proven prognostic indicators of postnatal survival in the fetus with L-CDH apply to the fetus with R-CDH. METHODS Retrospective single-center study of R-CDH fetuses with available prenatal studies assessed for fetal lung volume by means of ultrasound-measured observed versus expected (O/E) lung area to head circumference (LHR) and magnetic resonance-calculated O/E total lung volume (TLV) in a 12-year time period. Percentage of herniated liver volume and postnatal use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) were also evaluated. RESULTS In a cohort of 24 patients, O/E LHR, O/E TLV, percentage of herniated liver, and postnatal use of ECMO are not prognostic indicators of survival in the fetus with R-CDH. Cut-off values of O/E LHR of ≤45 or O/E TLV ≤25, known to select a population of severe cases for the L-CDH fetus, do not appear to extrapolate to the R-CDH fetus, as survival in both R-CDH groups is 60%. CONCLUSION The findings in this study suggest that L- and R-CDH appear to behave differently, and that factors that make L-CDH fatal (low O/E TLV and O/E LHR, high-volume herniated liver) may not apply to the fetus with R-CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Victoria
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kaplan SL, Edgar JC, Ford EG, Adgent MA, Schall JI, Kelly A, Umbach DM, Rogan WJ, Stallings VA, Darge K. Size of testes, ovaries, uterus and breast buds by ultrasound in healthy full-term neonates ages 0-3 days. Pediatr Radiol 2016; 46:1837-1847. [PMID: 27580909 PMCID: PMC5744487 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-016-3681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonally sensitive organs in the neonate can change size within days of birth as circulating maternal estrogen wanes. Although several reports document the size of these organs through infancy, few focus attention on the near-birth period. Clinical and research evaluation of hormonal and genitourinary disorders would benefit from reference size standards. OBJECTIVE We describe the size of the uterus, ovaries, testes and breast buds in healthy term neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS As part of the Infant Feeding and Early Development (IFED) study, we sonographically measured the largest diameter of these organs in sagittal, transverse and anterior-posterior planes for 194 female and 204 male newborns up to 3 days old. We calculated mean, median and percentiles for longest axis length and for volume calculated from measured diameters. We evaluated size differences by laterality, gender and race and compared our observations against published values. RESULTS Mean length and mean volume were as follows: uterus, 4.2 cm and 10.0 cm3; ovary, 1.0 cm and 0.2 cm3; testis, 1.1 cm and 0.3 cm3 (0.4 cm3 Lambert volume); female breast bud, 1.2 cm and 0.7 cm3; male breast bud, 1.1 cm and 0.6 cm3. Breast buds were larger in females than males. Laterality differences were typically below the precision of clinical measurement. No significant race differences were detected. CONCLUSION Using data from our large cohort together with published values, we provide guidelines for evaluating the size of reproductive organs within the first 3 days of age. Discrepancies between our results and published values are likely attributable to technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- SL Kaplan
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - JC Edgar
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - EG Ford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - MA Adgent
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - JI Schall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Kelly
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - DM Umbach
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - WJ Rogan
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - VA Stallings
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Darge
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Schulte Holthausen B, Habel U, Kellermann T, Schelenz PD, Schneider F, Christopher Edgar J, Turetsky BI, Regenbogen C. Task-irrelevant fear enhances amygdala-FFG inhibition and decreases subsequent face processing. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:1440-8. [PMID: 27272198 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial threat is associated with changes in limbic activity as well as modifications in the cortical face-related N170. It remains unclear if task-irrelevant threat modulates the response to a subsequent facial stimulus, and whether the amygdala's role in early threat perception is independent and direct, or modulatory. In 19 participants, crowds of emotional faces were followed by target faces and a rating task while simultaneous EEG-fMRI were recorded. In addition to conventional analyses, fMRI-informed EEG analyses and fMRI dynamic causal modeling (DCM) were performed. Fearful crowds reduced EEG N170 target face amplitudes and increased responses in a fMRI network comprising insula, amygdala and inferior frontal cortex. Multimodal analyses showed that amygdala response was present ∼60 ms before the right fusiform gyrus-derived N170. DCM indicated inhibitory connections from amygdala to fusiform gyrus, strengthened when fearful crowds preceded a target face. Results demonstrated the suppressing influence of task-irrelevant fearful crowds on subsequent face processing. The amygdala may be sensitive to task-irrelevant fearful crowds and subsequently strengthen its inhibitory influence on face-responsive fusiform N170 generators. This provides spatiotemporal evidence for a feedback mechanism of the amygdala by narrowing attention in order to focus on potential threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schulte Holthausen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany JARA Translational Brain Medicine, 52428 Jülich/52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany JARA Translational Brain Medicine, 52428 Jülich/52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thilo Kellermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany JARA Translational Brain Medicine, 52428 Jülich/52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick D Schelenz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany JARA Translational Brain Medicine, 52428 Jülich/52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce I Turetsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christina Regenbogen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany JARA Translational Brain Medicine, 52428 Jülich/52074 Aachen, Germany Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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Victoria T, Shakir NU, Andronikou S, Edgar JC, Germaine P, Epelman M, Johnson AM, Jaramillo D. Normal Fetal Long Bone Length from Computed Tomography: Potential Value in the Prenatal Evaluation of Skeletal Dysplasias. Fetal Diagn Ther 2016; 40:291-297. [PMID: 27070838 DOI: 10.1159/000444184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prenatal evaluation of skeletal dysplasias is challenging. Ultrasound (US) has limited sensitivity in evaluating these abnormalities. Low-dose fetal computed tomography (CT) is a helpful adjunct in evaluating the fetus with severe abnormalities, but its use is limited by lack of data on normal fetal bone length. OBJECTIVE To obtain CT measurements of fetal long bones and to compare published US normative bone length measures to examine their similarity. METHODS A retrospective search of a radiographic database for gravid patients with CT of the abdomen/pelvis for acute maternal abdomen was performed. Fetal long bone measurements were plotted against gestational age (GA)/standard US measurements. Regression coefficients were calculated (p values <0.05 were considered significant). Bland-Altman plots were constructed to identify any systematic difference between CT and US bone length measures. RESULTS Twenty-five cases met the inclusion criterion of fetal GA 16-39 weeks. The length of long bones increased with GA, with strong R2 values for each measurement. Plots of CT measurements against published 50th percentile sonographic values for age also showed strong and significant correlations, suggesting that values may be used interchangeably, a conclusion further substantiated by the Bland-Altman analyses. CONCLUSION A CT database for fetal long bone length is presented which can be used to evaluate the fetus with abnormal bones. Additionally we have established a strong correlation between measured fetal CT long bone values and the published 50th percentile normal values for US, which allows the interpreting radiologist to extrapolate CT measurements to US values in the evaluation of fetal bone length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Victoria
- Radiology Department, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
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Port RG, Edgar JC, Ku M, Bloy L, Murray R, Blaskey L, Levy SE, Roberts TPL. Maturation of auditory neural processes in autism spectrum disorder - A longitudinal MEG study. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 11:566-577. [PMID: 27158589 PMCID: PMC4844592 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical brain activity, perhaps due to delayed maturation. Previous studies examining the maturation of auditory electrophysiological activity have been limited due to their use of cross-sectional designs. The present study took a first step in examining magnetoencephalography (MEG) evidence of abnormal auditory response maturation in ASD via the use of a longitudinal design. METHODS Initially recruited for a previous study, 27 children with ASD and nine typically developing (TD) children, aged 6- to 11-years-old, were re-recruited two to five years later. At both timepoints, MEG data were obtained while participants passively listened to sinusoidal pure-tones. Bilateral primary/secondary auditory cortex time domain (100 ms evoked response latency (M100)) and spectrotemporal measures (gamma-band power and inter-trial coherence (ITC)) were examined. MEG measures were also qualitatively examined for five children who exhibited "optimal outcome", participants who were initially on spectrum, but no longer met diagnostic criteria at follow-up. RESULTS M100 latencies were delayed in ASD versus TD at the initial exam (~ 19 ms) and at follow-up (~ 18 ms). At both exams, M100 latencies were associated with clinical ASD severity. In addition, gamma-band evoked power and ITC were reduced in ASD versus TD. M100 latency and gamma-band maturation rates did not differ between ASD and TD. Of note, the cohort of five children that demonstrated "optimal outcome" additionally exhibited M100 latency and gamma-band activity mean values in-between TD and ASD at both timepoints. Though justifying only qualitative interpretation, these "optimal outcome" related data are presented here to motivate future studies. CONCLUSIONS Children with ASD showed perturbed auditory cortex neural activity, as evidenced by M100 latency delays as well as reduced transient gamma-band activity. Despite evidence for maturation of these responses in ASD, the neural abnormalities in ASD persisted across time. Of note, data from the five children whom demonstrated "optimal outcome" qualitatively suggest that such clinical improvements may be associated with auditory brain responses intermediate between TD and ASD. These "optimal outcome" related results are not statistically significant though, likely due to the low sample size of this cohort, and to be expected as a result of the relatively low proportion of "optimal outcome" in the ASD population. Thus, further investigations with larger cohorts are needed to determine if the above auditory response phenotypes have prognostic utility, predictive of clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G Port
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Murray
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan E Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Chen YH, Stone-Howell B, Edgar JC, Huang M, Wootton C, Hunter MA, Lu BY, Sadek JR, Miller GA, Cañive JM. Frontal slow-wave activity as a predictor of negative symptoms, cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 208. [PMID: 26206861 PMCID: PMC4837382 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.156075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased temporal and frontal slow-wave delta (1-4 Hz) and theta (4-7 Hz) activities are the most consistent resting-state neural abnormalities reported in schizophrenia. The frontal lobe is associated with negative symptoms and cognitive abilities such as attention, with negative symptoms and impaired attention associated with poor functional capacity. AIMS To establish whether frontal dysfunction, as indexed by slowing, would be associated with functional impairments. METHOD Eyes-closed magnetoencephalography data were collected in 41 participants with schizophrenia and 37 healthy controls, and frequency-domain source imaging localised delta and theta activity. RESULTS Elevated delta and theta activity in right frontal and right temporoparietal regions was observed in the schizophrenia v. CONTROL GROUP In schizophrenia, right-frontal delta activity was uniquely associated with negative but not positive symptoms. In the full sample, increased right-frontal delta activity predicted poorer attention and functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that treatment-associated decreases in slow-wave activity could be accompanied by improved functional outcome and thus better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- Yu-Han Chen, PhD, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia; Breannan Stone-Howell, MS, New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, and The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Albuquerque, New Mexico; J. Christopher Edgar, PhD, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia; Mingxiong Huang, PhD, University of California, San Diego, Department of Radiology, and San Diego VA Healthcare System, Department of Radiology, San Diego, California; Cassandra Wootton, BS, New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, and The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Michael A. Hunter, BS, New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Brett Y. Lu, MD, PhD, The University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Psychiatry, Honolulu, Hawaii; Joseph R. Sadek, PhD, New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Gregory A. Miller, PhD, University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, California; José M. Canĩve, MD, New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, and The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Edgar JC, Fisk CL, Liu S, Pandey J, Herrington JD, Schultz RT, Roberts TPL. Translating Adult Electrophysiology Findings to Younger Patient Populations: Difficulty Measuring 40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Responses in Typically Developing Children and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Dev Neurosci 2016; 38:1-14. [PMID: 26730806 DOI: 10.1159/000441943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND x03B3; (∼30-80 Hz) brain rhythms are thought to be abnormal in neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In adult populations, auditory 40-Hz click trains or 40-Hz amplitude-modulated tones are used to assess the integrity of superior temporal gyrus (STG) 40-Hz x03B3;-band circuits. As STG 40-Hz auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are not fully developed in children, tasks using these stimuli may not be optimal in younger patient populations. The present study examined this issue in typically developing (TD) children as well as in children with ASD, using source localization to directly assess activity in the principal generators of the 40-Hz ASSR in the left and right primary/secondary auditory cortices. METHODS 40-Hz amplitude-modulated tones of 1 s duration were binaurally presented while magnetoencephalography data were obtained from 48 TD children (45 males; 7-14 years old) and 42 ASD children (38 males; 8-14 years old). T1-weighted structural MRI was obtained. Using single dipoles anatomically constrained to each participant's left and right Heschl's Gyrus, left and right 40-Hz ASSR total power (TP) and intertrial coherence (ITC) measures were obtained. Associations between 40-Hz ASSR TP, ITC and age as well as STG gray matter cortical thickness (CT) were assessed. Group STG function and structure differences were also examined. RESULTS TD and ASD did not differ in 40-Hz ASSR TP or ITC. In TD and ASD, age was associated with left and right 40-Hz ASSR ITC (p < 0.01). The interaction term was not significant, indicating in both groups a ∼0.01/year increase in ITC. 40-Hz ASSR TP and ITC were greater in the right than left STG. Groups did not differ in STG CT, and no associations were observed between 40-Hz ASSR activity and STG CT. Finally, right STG transient x03B3; (50-100 ms and 30-50 Hz) was greater in TD versus ASD (significant for TP, trend for ITC). CONCLUSIONS The 40-Hz ASSR develops, in part, via an age-related increase in neural synchrony. Greater right than left 40-Hz ASSRs (ITC and TP) suggested earlier maturation of right versus left STG neural network(s). Given a ∼0.01/year increase in ITC, 40-Hz ASSRs were weak or absent in many of the younger participants, suggesting that 40-Hz driving stimuli are not optimal for examining STG 40-Hz auditory neural circuits in younger populations. Given the caveat that 40-Hz auditory steady-state neural networks are poorly assessed in children, the present analyses did not point to atypical development of STG 40-Hz ASSRs in higher-functioning children with ASD. Although groups did not differ in 40-Hz auditory steady-state activity, replicating previous studies, there was evidence for greater right STG transient x03B3; activity in TD versus ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
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Edgar JC, Fisk Iv CL, Berman JI, Chudnovskaya D, Liu S, Pandey J, Herrington JD, Port RG, Schultz RT, Roberts TPL. Auditory encoding abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder suggest delayed development of auditory cortex. Mol Autism 2015; 6:69. [PMID: 26719787 PMCID: PMC4696177 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-015-0065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings of auditory abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) include delayed superior temporal gyrus auditory responses, pre- and post-stimulus superior temporal gyrus (STG) auditory oscillatory abnormalities, and atypical hemispheric lateralization. These abnormalities are likely associated with abnormal brain maturation. To better understand changes in brain activity as a function of age, the present study investigated associations between age and STG auditory time-domain and time-frequency neural activity. METHODS While 306-channel magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were recorded, 500- and 1000-Hz tones of 300-ms duration were binaurally presented. Evaluable data were obtained from 63 typically developing children (TDC) (6 to 14 years old) and 52 children with ASD (6 to 14 years old). T1-weighted structural MRI was obtained, and a source model created using single dipoles anatomically constrained to each participant's left and right STG. Using this source model, left and right 50-ms (M50), 100-ms (M100), and 200-ms (M200) time-domain and time-frequency measures (total power (TP) and inter-trial coherence (ITC)) were obtained. RESULTS Paired t tests showed a right STG M100 latency delay in ASD versus TDC (significant for right 500 Hz and marginally significant for right 1000 Hz). In the left and right STG, time-frequency analyses showed a greater pre- to post-stimulus increase in 4- to 16-Hz TP for both tones in ASD versus TDC after 150 ms. In the right STG, greater post-stimulus 4- to 16-Hz ITC for both tones was observed in TDC versus ASD after 200 ms. Analyses of age effects suggested M200 group differences that were due to a maturational delay in ASD, with left and right M200 decreasing with age in TDC but significantly less so in ASD. Additional evidence indicating delayed maturation of auditory cortex in ASD included atypical hemispheric functional asymmetries, including a right versus left M100 latency advantage in TDC but not ASD, and a stronger left than right M50 response in TDC but not ASD. CONCLUSIONS Present findings indicated maturational abnormalities in the development of primary/secondary auditory areas in children with ASD. It is hypothesized that a longitudinal investigation of the maturation of auditory network activity will indicate delayed development of each component of the auditory processing system in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Charles L Fisk Iv
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Darina Chudnovskaya
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Juhi Pandey
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - John D Herrington
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Russell G Port
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Ghanbari Y, Bloy L, Tunc B, Shankar V, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC, Schultz RT, Verma R. On characterizing population commonalities and subject variations in brain networks. Med Image Anal 2015; 38:215-229. [PMID: 26674972 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain networks based on resting state connectivity as well as inter-regional anatomical pathways obtained using diffusion imaging have provided insight into pathology and development. Such work has underscored the need for methods that can extract sub-networks that can accurately capture the connectivity patterns of the underlying population while simultaneously describing the variation of sub-networks at the subject level. We have designed a multi-layer graph clustering method that extracts clusters of nodes, called 'network hubs', which display higher levels of connectivity within the cluster than to the rest of the brain. The method determines an atlas of network hubs that describes the population, as well as weights that characterize subject-wise variation in terms of within- and between-hub connectivity. This lowers the dimensionality of brain networks, thereby providing a representation amenable to statistical analyses. The applicability of the proposed technique is demonstrated by extracting an atlas of network hubs for a population of typically developing controls (TDCs) as well as children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and using the structural and functional networks of a population to determine the subject-level variation of these hubs and their inter-connectivity. These hubs are then used to compare ASD and TDCs. Our method is generalizable to any population whose connectivity (structural or functional) can be captured via non-negative network graphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Ghanbari
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States .
| | - Luke Bloy
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States ; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Birkan Tunc
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Varsha Shankar
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ragini Verma
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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Edgar JC, Murray R, Kuschner ES, Pratt K, Paulson DN, Dell J, Golembski R, Lam P, Bloy L, Gaetz W, Roberts TPL. The maturation of auditory responses in infants and young children: a cross-sectional study from 6 to 59 months. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:131. [PMID: 26528144 PMCID: PMC4607780 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An understanding of the maturation of auditory cortex responses in typically developing infants and toddlers is needed to later identify auditory processing abnormalities in infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. The availability of infant and young child magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems may now provide near optimal assessment of left and right hemisphere auditory neuromagnetic responses in young populations. To assess the performance of a novel whole-head infant MEG system, a cross-sectional study examined the maturation of left and right auditory cortex responses in children 6- to 59-months of age. Methods: Blocks of 1000 Hz (1st and 3rd blocks) and 500 Hz tones (2nd block) were presented while MEG data were recorded using an infant/young child biomagnetometer (Artemis 123). Data were obtained from 29 children (11 males; 6- to 59-months). Latency measures were obtained for the first positive-to-negative evoked response waveform complex in each hemisphere. Latency and age associations as well as frequency and hemisphere latency differences were examined. For the 1000 Hz tone, measures of reliability were computed. Results: For the first response—a response with a “P2m” topography—latencies decreased as a function of age. For the second response—a response with a “N2m” topography—no N2m latency and age relationships were observed. A main effect of tone frequency showed earlier P2m responses for 1st 1000 Hz (150 ms) and 2nd 1000 Hz (148 ms) vs. 500 Hz tones (162 ms). A significant main effect of hemisphere showed earlier N2m responses for 2nd 1000 Hz (226 ms) vs. 1st 1000 Hz (241 ms) vs. 500 Hz tones (265 ms). P2m and N2m interclass correlation coefficient latency findings were as follows: left P2m (0.72, p < 0.001), right P2m (0.84, p < 0.001), left N2m (0.77, p < 0.001), and right N2m (0.77,p < 0.01). Conclusions: Findings of strong age and latency associations, sensitivity to tone frequency, and good test-retest reliability support the viability of longitudinal infant MEG studies that include younger as well as older participants as well as studies examining auditory processing abnormalities in infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Murray
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Pratt
- Tristan Technologies, Inc. San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - John Dell
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Golembski
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Lam
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Gaetz
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Edgar JC, Khan SY, Blaskey L, Chow VY, Rey M, Gaetz W, Cannon KM, Monroe JF, Cornew L, Qasmieh S, Liu S, Welsh JP, Levy SE, Roberts TPL. Neuromagnetic oscillations predict evoked-response latency delays and core language deficits in autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2015; 45:395-405. [PMID: 23963591 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have observed evoked response latency as well as gamma band superior temporal gyrus (STG) auditory abnormalities in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A limitation of these studies is that associations between these two abnormalities, as well as the full extent of oscillatory phenomena in ASD in terms of frequency and time, have not been examined. Subjects were presented pure tones at 200, 300, 500, and 1,000 Hz while magnetoencephalography assessed activity in STG auditory areas in a sample of 105 children with ASD and 36 typically developing controls (TD). Findings revealed a profile such that auditory STG processes in ASD were characterized by pre-stimulus abnormalities across multiple frequencies, then early high-frequency abnormalities followed by low-frequency abnormalities. Increased pre-stimulus activity was a 'core' abnormality, with pre-stimulus activity predicting post-stimulus neural abnormalities, group membership, and clinical symptoms (CELF-4 Core Language Index). Deficits in synaptic integration in the auditory cortex are associated with oscillatory abnormalities in ASD as well as patient symptoms. Increased pre-stimulus activity in ASD likely demonstrates a fundamental signal-to-noise deficit in individuals with ASD, with elevations in oscillatory activity suggesting an inability to maintain an appropriate 'neural tone' and an inability to rapidly return to a resting state prior to the next stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Wood Bldg, Suite 2115, 34th St. and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
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Jenkins J, Chow V, Blaskey L, Kuschner E, Qasmieh S, Gaetz L, Edgar JC, Mukherjee P, Buckner R, Nagarajan SS, Chung WK, Spiro JE, Sherr EH, Berman JI, Roberts TPL. Auditory Evoked M100 Response Latency is Delayed in Children with 16p11.2 Deletion but not 16p11.2 Duplication. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:1957-64. [PMID: 25678630 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with the 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 copy number variant (CNV) exhibit a range of behavioral phenotypes that may include mild impairment in cognition and clinical diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To better understand auditory processing impairments in populations with this chromosomal variation, auditory evoked responses were examined in children with the 16p11.2 deletion, 16p11.2 duplication, and age-matched controls. Stimuli consisted of sinusoidal binaural tones presented passively while children underwent recording with magnetoencephalography (MEG). The primary indicator of auditory processing impairment was the latency of the ∼100-ms "M100" auditory response detected by MEG, with the 16p11.2 deletion population exhibiting profoundly delayed M100 latencies relative to controls. This delay remained even after controlling for potential confounds such as age and cognitive ability. No significant difference in M100 latency was observed between 16p11.2 duplication carriers and controls. Additionally, children meeting diagnostic criteria for ASD (16p11.2 deletion carriers) exhibited nonsignificant latency delays when compared with the corresponding CNV carriers not meeting criteria for ASD. Present results indicate that 16p11.2 deletion is associated with auditory processing delays analogous to (but substantially more pronounced than) those previously reported in "idiopathic" ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Jenkins
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vivian Chow
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Saba Qasmieh
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leah Gaetz
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Randall Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Abstract
Examination of resting state brain activity using electrophysiological measures like complexity as well as functional connectivity is of growing interest in the study of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The present paper jointly examined complexity and connectivity to obtain a more detailed characterization of resting state brain activity in ASD. Multi-scale entropy was computed to quantify the signal complexity, and synchronization likelihood was used to evaluate functional connectivity (FC), with node strength values providing a sensor-level measure of connectivity to facilitate comparisons with complexity. Sensor level analysis of complexity and connectivity was performed at different frequency bands computed from resting state MEG from 26 children with ASD and 22 typically developing controls (TD). Analyses revealed band-specific group differences in each measure that agreed with other functional studies in fMRI and EEG: higher complexity in TD than ASD, in frontal regions in the delta band and occipital-parietal regions in the alpha band, and lower complexity in TD than in ASD in delta (parietal regions), theta (central and temporal regions) and gamma (frontal-central boundary regions); increased short-range connectivity in ASD in the frontal lobe in the delta band and long-range connectivity in the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes in the alpha band. Finally, and perhaps most strikingly, group differences between ASD and TD in complexity and FC appear spatially complementary, such that where FC was elevated in ASD, complexity was reduced (and vice versa). The correlation of regional average complexity and connectivity node strength with symptom severity scores of ASD subjects supported the overall complementarity (with opposing sign) of connectivity and complexity measures, pointing to either diminished connectivity leading to elevated entropy due to poor inhibitory regulation or chaotic signals prohibiting effective measure of connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Ghanbari
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J. Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ragini Verma
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy P. L. Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Berman JI, Liu S, Bloy L, Blaskey L, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC. Alpha-to-gamma phase-amplitude coupling methods and application to autism spectrum disorder. Brain Connect 2014; 5:80-90. [PMID: 25109843 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2014.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult studies have shown that a basic property of resting-state (RS) brain activity is the coupling of posterior alpha oscillations (alpha phase) to posterior gamma oscillations (gamma amplitude). The present study examined whether this basic RS process is present in children. Given reports of abnormal parietal-occipital RS alpha in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the present study examined whether RS alpha-to-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) is disrupted in ASD. Simulations presented in this study showed limitations with traditional PAC analyses. In particular, to avoid false-positive PAC findings, simulations showed the need to use a unilateral passband to filter the upper frequency band as well as the need for longer epochs of data. For the human study, eyes-closed RS magnetoencephalography data were analyzed from 25 children with ASD and 18 typically developing (TD) children with at least 60 sec of artifact-free data. Source modeling provided continuous time course data at a midline parietal-occipital source for PAC analyses. Greater alpha-to-gamma PAC was observed in ASD than TD (p<0.005). Although children with ASD had higher PAC values, in both groups gamma activity increased at the peak of the alpha oscillation. In addition, an association between alpha power and alpha-to-gamma PAC was observed in both groups, although this relationship was stronger in ASD than TD (p<0.05). Present results demonstrated that although alpha-to-gamma PAC is present in children, this basic RS process is abnormal in children with ASD. Finally, simulations and the human data highlighted the need to consider the interplay between alpha power, epoch length, and choice of signal processing methods on PAC estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Berman
- 1 Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Nabavizadeh SA, Edgar JC, Vossough A. Utility of susceptibility-weighted imaging and arterial spin perfusion imaging in pediatric brain arteriovenous shunting. Neuroradiology 2014; 56:877-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-014-1408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fisher JE, Miller GA, Sass SM, Silton RL, Edgar JC, Stewart JL, Zhou J, Heller W. Neural correlates of suspiciousness and interactions with anxiety during emotional and neutral word processing. Front Psychol 2014; 5:596. [PMID: 25018737 PMCID: PMC4073627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspiciousness is usually classified as a symptom of psychosis, but it also occurs in depression and anxiety disorders. Though how suspiciousness overlaps with depression is not obvious, suspiciousness does seem to overlap with anxious apprehension and anxious arousal (e.g., verbal iterative processes and vigilance about environmental threat). However, suspiciousness also has unique characteristics (e.g., concern about harm from others and vigilance about social threat). Given that both anxiety and suspiciousness have been associated with abnormalities in emotion processing, it is unclear whether it is the unique characteristics of suspiciousness or the overlap with anxiety that drive abnormalities in emotion processing. Event-related brain potentials were obtained during an emotion-word Stroop task. Results indicated that suspiciousness interacts with anxious apprehension to modulate initial stimulus perception processes. Suspiciousness is associated with attention to all stimuli regardless of emotion content. In contrast, anxious arousal is associated with a later response to emotion stimuli only. These results suggest that suspiciousness and anxious apprehension share overlapping processes, but suspiciousness alone is associated with a hyperactive early vigilance response. Depression did not interact with suspiciousness to predict response to emotion stimuli. These findings suggest that it may be informative to assess suspiciousness in conjunction with anxiety in order to better understand how these symptoms interact and contribute to dysfunctional emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscelyn E Fisher
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Sass
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL, USA ; Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Texas at Tyler Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Levin Silton
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL, USA ; Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL, USA ; Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy Heller
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL, USA
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