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Li W, Yang S, Chen W, Yang J, Yu H, Lv R, Fu M. Free-standing and flexible polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate-polypyrrole electrodes based on interpenetrating network hydrogels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:299-308. [PMID: 38479266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Flexible supercapacitors (FSCs) have attracted much attention due to their strong mechanical flexibility, wearability and portability, which greatly rely on the employed flexible electrodes. The conductive polymer hydrogels with excellent flexibility, processability and capacitive performance are one of the most promising candidates, which are still limited by their poor mechanical properties. Constructing robust interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) is an effective approach to promote their mechanical properties. Herein, interpenetrating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-sodium alginate (SA)-polypyrrole (PPy) hydrogels are prepared by the freeze-thaw and in-situ polymerization method. The IPN structure composed of PVA and SA not only enhances the mechanical properties of hydrogels, but also provides substantial active sites for electrochemical reactions. Moreover, the hydrogen-bonding interaction between different components in the PVA-SA-PPy hydrogel boosts the charge/ion transfer. The optimal PVA-SA-PPy hydrogels show an elongation at break of 380 %, a tensile strength of 1.5 MPa, and a specific capacitance of 2646 mF cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2. The symmetric PVA-SA-PPy FSCs show an energy density of 96.7 μWh cm-2 at a power density of 999.9 μW cm-2, and the capacitance retention is 66.3 % after 10,000 cycles. These exceptional mechanical and electrochemical properties make the PVA-SA-PPy hydrogels a promising candidate for FSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Ruitao Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Fu
- College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
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2
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Vaishali MS, N P, Tadi KK, P I. Cobalt molybdate nanoflowers decorated bio-waste derived porous activated carbon nanocomposite: A high performance electrode material for supercapacitors. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:141965. [PMID: 38621491 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we report a supercapacitor electrode material based on nano-flower like cobalt molybdate decorated on porous activated carbon derived from waste onion peels (β-CoMoO4-POAC). The obtained POAC exhibits highly porous structure and after the hydrothermal treatment with salts of cobalt and molybdenum, we observed a uniform distribution of β-cobalt molybdate (β-CoMoO4) as nano-flowers on the surface of POAC. The chemical composition, morphology and porosity of the materials were thoroughly analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area measurement. Due to its flower like and highly porous morphology, β-CoMoO4@POAC exhibits a high specific capacitance of 1110.72 F/g at a current density of 1 mA/cm2 with superior cyclic retention of 96.03% after 2000 cycles. The best electrochemical performance exhibited by β-CoMoO4@POAC is mainly due to its high surface area and porous nature of the material which assists in active transport of ions. This study reveals the exceptional electrochemical properties of β-CoMoO4@POAC which could be considered as a potential material for advanced energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Vaishali
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyadarshini N
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kiran Kumar Tadi
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ilaiyaraja P
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600127, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jarrar S, Hussain S, Haq AU, Bhattacharya G, Saadeddin I, Servera L, Ruiz JM, Janem A, Daraghmeh A. Binder-free all-carbon composite supercapacitors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:305708. [PMID: 38653208 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad41e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Carbon-based electrode materials have widely been used in supercapacitors. Unfortunately, the fabrication of the supercapacitors includes a polymeric binding material that leads to an undesirable addition of weight along with an increased charge transfer resistance. Herein, binder-free and lightweight electrodes were fabricated using powder processing of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) resulting in a hybrid all-carbon composite material. The structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the composite electrodes were studied at different concentrations of GNPs. The specific capacitance (Cs) of the CNFs/GNPs composite was improved by increasing the concentration of GNPs. A maximum Cs of around 120 F g-1was achieved at 90 wt% GNPs which is around 5-fold higher in value than the pristine CNFs in 1 M potassium hydroxides (KOH), which then further increased to 189 F g-1in 6 M KOH electrolyte. The energy density of around 20 Wh kg-1with the corresponding power density of 340 W kg-1was achieved in the supercapacitor containing 90 wt% GNPs. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the composite is related to the presence of a synergistic effect and the CNFs establishing conductive/percolating networks. Such binder-free all-carbon electrodes can be a potential candidate for next-generation energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabreen Jarrar
- Department of Physics, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine †
| | - Shahzad Hussain
- Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, York Street, BT15 1ED, United Kingdom
| | - Atta Ul Haq
- Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, York Street, BT15 1ED, United Kingdom
| | - Gourav Bhattacharya
- Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, York Street, BT15 1ED, United Kingdom
| | - Iyad Saadeddin
- Department of Physics, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine †
| | - Llorenc Servera
- Escola Universitaria Salesiana de Sarria (EUSS), Passeig Sant Joan Bosco, 74, E-08217 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Ruiz
- Escola Universitaria Salesiana de Sarria (EUSS), Passeig Sant Joan Bosco, 74, E-08217 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alaa Janem
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Allan Daraghmeh
- Department of Physics, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine †
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4
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Zang Akono AR, Blaise N, Valery HG. Preparation of a Carbon paste electrode with Active materials for the detection of Tetracycline. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28471. [PMID: 38560244 PMCID: PMC10981106 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Electrochemical sensor based on carbon-clay paste electrode (CCPE) was constructed for sensitive determination of Tetracycline (Tc). The mineralogical composition, morphology, structure and performance of CCPE were characterized using X-ray diffraction powder, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Cyclic Voltammetry analysis. The CCPE is constituted of two types of clay having the ratio 1/1 and 2/1 characteristic of kaolinite and montmorillonite clay respectively. Its porous structure is ascribed to the presence of graphite. The CCPE exhibited a good electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of Tc. The electrochemical kinetics and mechanism of Tc were proposed, showing that Tc electrocatalytic oxidation reaction was controlled by diffusion process and took place in three steps. A low concentration of Tc was detected by amperometry with the linear ranges of 0.5μM-0.8 μM (R2 = 0.98), the sensitivity was 8.01 μA/μM.cm2, the limit of detection and quantification were 5.16x10-3μM(S/N = 3) and 1.72x10-2μM respectively. Thus, the proposed electrode provides a promising and prospective CCPE sensing platform for the detection of Tc in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niraka Blaise
- Department of Textile and Leather Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Hambate Gomdje Valery
- Department of Textile and Leather Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Cameroon
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5
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Fattahi M, Hsu CY, Ali AO, Mahmoud ZH, Dang N, Kianfar E. Severe plastic deformation: Nanostructured materials, metal-based and polymer-based nanocomposites: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22559. [PMID: 38107327 PMCID: PMC10724578 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant deformation of the metal structure can be achieved without breaking or cracking the metal. There are several methods for deformation of metal plastics. The most important of these methods are angular channel pressing process, high-pressure torsion, multidirectional forging process, extrusion-cyclic compression process, cumulative climbing connection process, consecutive concreting and smoothing method, high-pressure pipe torsion. The nanocomposite is a multiphase material which the size of one of its phases is less than 100 nm in at least one dimension. Due to some unique properties, metal-based nanocomposites are widely used in engineering applications such as the automotive and aerospace industries. Polymer-based nanocomposites are two-phase systems with polymer-based and reinforcing phases (usually ceramic). These materials have a simpler synthesis process than metal-based nanocomposites and are used in a variety of applications such as the aerospace industry, gas pipelines, and sensors. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is known to be the best method for producing bulk ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials with excellent properties. Different Severe plastic deformation methods were developed that are suitable for sheet and bulk solid materials. During the past decade, efforts have been made to create effective Severe plastic deformation processes suitable for producing cylindrical tubes. In this paper, we review Severe plastic deformation processes intended to nanostructured tubes, and their effects on material properties and severe plastic deformation is briefly introduced and its common methods for bulk materials, sheets, and pipes, as well as metal background nanocomposites, are concisely introduced and their microstructural and mechanical properties are discussed. The paper will focus on introduction of the tube Severe plastic deformation processes, and then comparison of them based on their advantages and disadvantages from the viewpoints of processing and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fattahi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Chou-Yi Hsu
- Department of pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Anfal Omar Ali
- Ministry of education, general directorate of education in Diyala, third teacher, Bint Al Rafidain secondary school for girls, Iraq
| | - Zaid H. Mahmoud
- Chemistry department, college of science, university of Diyala, Iraq
| | - N.P. Dang
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Ehsan Kianfar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Pure Sciences Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
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6
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Tadesse MG, Lübben JF. Review on Hydrogel-Based Flexible Supercapacitors for Wearable Applications. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020106. [PMID: 36826276 PMCID: PMC9956191 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart hydrogels with high electrical conductivity, which can be a real source of power while also collecting and storing the diverse sources of energy with ultrahigh stretchability, strong self-healability, low-temperature tolerance, and excellent mechanical properties, are great value for tailored wearable cloths. Considerable effort has been dedicated in both scientific and technological developments of electroconductive hydrogels for supercapacitor applications in the past few decades. The key to realize those functionalities depends on the processing of hydrogels with desirable electrochemical properties. The various hydrogel materials with such properties are now emerging and investigated by various scholars. The last decade has witnessed the development of high-performance supercapacitors using hydrogels. Here, in this review, the current status of different hydrogels for the production of flexible supercapacitors has been discussed. The electrochemical properties such as capacitance, energy density and cycling ability has been given attention. Diverse hydrogels, with their composites such as carbon-based hydrogels, cellulose-based hydrogels, conductive-polymer-based hydrogels and other hydrogels with excellent electromechanical properties are summarized. One could argue that hydrogels have played a central, starring role for the assembly of flexible supercapacitors for energy storage applications. This work stresses the importance of producing flexible supercapacitors for wearable clothing applications and the current challenges of hydrogel-based supercapacitors. The results of the review depicted that hydrogels are the next materials for the production of the flexible supercapacitor in a more sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melkie Getnet Tadesse
- Sustainable Engineering (STE), Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72458 Albstadt, Germany
- Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar 1037, Ethiopia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jörn Felix Lübben
- Sustainable Engineering (STE), Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72458 Albstadt, Germany
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Avcıoğlu S, Buldu-Akturk M, Erdem E, Kaya F, Kaya C. Boron Carbide as an Electrode Material: Tailoring Particle Morphology to Control Capacitive Behaviour. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:861. [PMID: 36676598 PMCID: PMC9862298 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, boron carbide powders consisting mainly of nano/micro fibers or polyhedral-equiaxed particles were synthesized via the sol-gel technique, and the influence of particle morphology on electrochemical performance of boron carbide electrodes was investigated. Thermal decomposition duration of the precursors played a determinant role in the final morphology of the synthesized boron carbide powders. The morphology of boron carbide powders successfully tuned from polyhedral-equiaxed (with ~3 µm average particle size) to nano/micro fibers by adjusting the thermal decomposition duration of precursors. The length and thickness of fibers were in the range of 30 to 200 µm and sub-micron to 5 µm, respectively. The electrochemical performance analysis of boron carbide powders has shown that the particle morphology has a considerable impact on the boron carbide electrodes electrochemical performance. It was found that the synergetic effects of polyhedral-equiaxed and nano/micro fiber morphologies exhibited the best electrochemical performance in supercapacitor devices, resulting in the power and energy density of 34.9 W/kg and 0.016 Wh/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Avcıoğlu
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Davutpaşa Campus, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Merve Buldu-Akturk
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Emre Erdem
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark Istanbul, Pendik, Istanbul 34906, Turkey
| | - Figen Kaya
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Davutpaşa Campus, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Kaya
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Davutpaşa Campus, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
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8
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Ahmed ASA, Negm ANRM, Mohammed M, Abd El-Majeed M, Ali AK, Abdelmotalleib M. Biodegradable Polymers for Industrial Applications. HANDBOOK OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS 2023:451-476. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-09710-2_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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9
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Preparation of Advanced Multi-Porous Carbon Nanofibers for High-Performance Capacitive Electrodes in Supercapacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010213. [PMID: 36616559 PMCID: PMC9824619 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The booming demand for energy storage has driven the rapid development of energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, and the research on high-performance electrode materials, a key component of supercapacitors, has gained tremendous attention. In this research, phenolic resin-based multi-porous carbon nanofibers have been prepared by electrospinning, curing, carbonization and activation and then employed as advanced electrode materials in supercapacitors. We demonstrate that the material is nano-scale continuous fiber, and its surface has pore distribution of different sizes. It delivers a high specific capacitance of 242 F g-1 at a current density of 0.2 A g-1 and maintains 148 F g-1 even at a high current density of 20 A g-1. Moreover, it shows almost no capacitance decay at a current density of 2 A g-1 over 1000 cycles, demonstrating its great potential as high-performance electrodes in supercapacitors.
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10
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Rehman ZU, Nawaz M, Ullah H, Uddin I, Shad S, Eldin E, Alshgari RA, Bahajjaj AAA, Arifeen WU, Javed MS. Synthesis and Characterization of Ni Nanoparticles via the Microemulsion Technique and Its Applications for Energy Storage Devices. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:325. [PMID: 36614665 PMCID: PMC9822465 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a unique synthetic approach called microemulsion is used to create nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs). SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD techniques were employed for the investigation of morphology and structures of the synthesized material. Electrons from electroactive components are transferred to external circuits by Ni-NPs' superior electrical conductivity and interconnected nanostructures, which also provide a large number of channels for ion diffusion and additional active sites. The experimental findings showed that as a positive electrode for supercapacitors (SC), Ni-NPs had an outstanding ability to store charge, with a dominant capacitive charge storage of 72.4% when measured at 10 mV/s. Furthermore, at 1 A/g, Ni-NP electrodes exhibit a maximum capacitance of 730 F/g. Further, the Ni-NP electrode retains 92.4% of its capacitance even for 5000 cycles, highlighting possible applications for it in the developing field of renewable energy. The current study provides a new method for producing high-rate next-generation electrodes for supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Mohsan Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Hameed Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Imad Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Salma Shad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Elsyed Eldin
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Razan A. Alshgari
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waqas Ul Arifeen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Fabrication of high-performance supercapacitor using date leaves-derived submicron/nanocarbon. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Worsley EA, Margadonna S, Bertoncello P. Application of Graphene Nanoplatelets in Supercapacitor Devices: A Review of Recent Developments. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3600. [PMID: 36296790 PMCID: PMC9609597 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As worldwide energy consumption continues to increase, so too does the demand for improved energy storage technologies. Supercapacitors are energy storage devices that are receiving considerable interest due to their appealing features such as high power densities and much longer cycle lives than batteries. As such, supercapacitors fill the gaps between conventional capacitors and batteries, which are characterised by high power density and high energy density, respectively. Carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene nanoplatelets, are being widely explored as supercapacitor electrode materials due to their high surface area, low toxicity, and ability to tune properties for the desired application. In this review, we first briefly introduce the theoretical background and basic working principles of supercapacitors and then discuss the effects of electrode material selection and structure of carbon nanomaterials on the performances of supercapacitors. Finally, we highlight the recent advances of graphene nanoplatelets and how chemical functionalisation can affect and improve their supercapacitor performance.
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13
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Kari̇per IA. The performance of a new electrolyte for organic supercapacitors: Poly(hydridocarbyne). J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Moorthy M, Karnan M, Suresh Balaji S, Gokulnath S, Sathish M. Nanoarchitectonics with Beetroot Peel Waste Derived Activated Carbon for Improved Electrochemical Performances in Supercapacitors using Redox Additive Electrolyte. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Sallam FH, Ibrahim EM, Hassan SF, Omar A. Enhanced Bentonite/PVA Matrix for Advanced Shielding Applications. NUCL TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2022.2072650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy Hammad Sallam
- Nuclear Materials Authority, Department of Geochemical Exploration, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamed Ibrahim
- Nuclear Materials Authority, Department of Geochemical Exploration, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sayed Fahmy Hassan
- Nuclear Materials Authority, Department of Medical and Radiological Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A. Omar
- Military Technical College, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Improved Method for Preparing Nanospheres from Pomelo Peel to Achieve High Graphitization at a Low Temperature. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomass waste is a valuable resource that can be recovered, reused, and is renewable. However, converting biomass waste to a high degree of order is a bigger challenge, and graphitization at low temperatures is even more difficult. This paper proposes an improved method (Ni element catalysis) for highly graphitizing pomelo peel at low temperatures (750 –900 °C). In this paper, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to study the method and the effect of temperature on structural changes during graphitization. Under the improved method, pomelo peel was transformed into nano-spherical graphitized material. The degree of graphitization reached 80.23% at 900 °C, which was 31.39% higher than that of the traditional method. Furthermore, through HRTEM, the lattice fringe spacing was observed to be 0.337 nm, which is between pure graphite (0.3354 nm) and amorphous graphite (0.3440 nm). In this paper, the improved method can obtain highly graphitized nanospheres at low temperatures, thus reducing energy consumption, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting sustainable development.
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Maletin YA, Stryzhakova NG, Zelinskyi SO, Chernukhin SI. Energy Storage Technologies Based on Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-021-09700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Ahmed ASA, Negm ANRM, Mohammed M, Abd El-Majeed M, Ali AK, Abdelmotalleib M. Biodegradable Polymers for Industrial Applications. HANDBOOK OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS 2022:1-26. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83783-9_37-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Layer-by-Layer Electrode Fabrication for Improved Performance of Porous Polyimide-Based Supercapacitors. MATERIALS 2021; 15:ma15010004. [PMID: 35009150 PMCID: PMC8745899 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous polymers are becoming increasingly interesting materials for electrochemical applications, as their large surface areas with redox-active sites allow efficient adsorption and diffusion of ions. However, their limited electrical conductivity remains a major obstacle in practical applications. The conventional approach that alleviates this problem is the hybridisation of the polymer with carbon-based additives, but this directly prevents the utilisation of the maximum capacity of the polymers. Here, we report a layer-by-layer fabrication technique where we separated the active (porous polymer, top) layer and the conductive (carbon, bottom) layer and used these “layered” electrodes in a supercapacitor (SC). Through this approach, direct contact with the electrolyte and polymer material is greatly enhanced. With extensive electrochemical characterisation techniques, we show that the layered electrodes allowed a significant contribution of fast faradic surface reactions to the overall capacitance. The electrochemical performance of the layered-electrode SC outperformed other reported porous polymer-based devices with a specific gravimetric capacitance of 388 F·g−1 and an outstanding energy density of 65 Wh·kg−1 at a current density of 0.4 A·g−1. The device also showed outstanding cyclability with 90% of capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 1.6 A·g−1, comparable to the reported porous polymer-based SCs. Thus, the introduction of a layered electrode structure would pave the way for more effective utilisation of porous organic polymers in future energy storage/harvesting and sensing devices by exploiting their nanoporous architecture and limiting the negative effects of the carbon/binder matrix.
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20
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Davey SB, Cameron AP, Latham KG, Donne SW. Combined step potential electrochemical spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis of the glassy carbon electrode in an aqueous electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Duan M, Ren Y, Sun X, Zhu X, Wang X, Sheng L, Liu J. EGaIn Fiber Enabled Highly Flexible Supercapacitors. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:24444-24449. [PMID: 34604626 PMCID: PMC8482390 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Attributed to their soft and stretchable feature, flexible supercapacitors have attracted increasing attention in areas of soft electronics, wearable devices, and energy storage systems. However, it is a challenge to manufacture all-soft supercapacitors with highly flexible properties and excellent electrochemical performance. Here, an EGaIn-based fibrous supercapacitor, which is composed of two paralleled stretchable fibers, is designed and demonstrated first with flexible and stretchable properties. EGaIn coated on the surface of polyurethane (PU)@polymethacrylate (PMA) fibers can serve as a current collector. The prepared supercapacitor is measured with an areal specific capacitance of 26.71 mF·cm-2 by mixing Fe3O4 microparticles with EGaIn. This value can increase up to 61.34 mF·cm-2 after vacuum pumping, the mechanism of which is further revealed to be related with the coarser surface and airhole formation on the fibers. The supercapacitor maintains an excellent electrochemical performance when stretched to 120% strain and exhibits a long cycling life through a charge-discharge cycle of over 1000 times. Finally, the supercapacitors are adopted to light the LED, demonstrating that those supercapacitors can work successfully. All these characteristics indicate the huge potential of EGaIn-based supercapacitors in the field of flexible electronics and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Duan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuyang Sun
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory
of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Interdisciplinary
Institute for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Advanced Innovation
Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuelin Wang
- School
of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Interdisciplinary
Institute for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Advanced Innovation
Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory
of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory
of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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22
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Fabrication of efficient electrochemical capacitors rooted in sol-gel derived NiMn2O4 nanoparticles. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23
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Tran LT, Tran HV, Dang HTM, Nguyen AV, Tran TH, Huynh CD. Electrosynthesis of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline nanowire/silver nanoflower nanocomposite for development of a highly sensitive electrochemical DNA sensor. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19470-19481. [PMID: 35479256 PMCID: PMC9033594 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel nanostructured electrode material based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline nanowires/silver nanoflowers (ERGO/PANi NWs/AgNFs) was fabricated site-specifically onto a Pt microelectrode (0.80 mm2 area) using a three-step electrochemical procedure: electrosynthesis of ERGO, electropolymerization of PANi NWs, and electrodeposition of AgNFs. Synergistic and complementary properties of ERGO, PANi NWs and AgNFs, including high electrochemical activity, large surface area, and high biocompatibility, were obtained. Besides, the electrosynthesis method allowed the direct formation of the desired nanomaterial onto the Pt microelectrode, so the adhesion between the sandwich-structured nanocomposite and the electrode surface was also improved. The optimized ERGO/PANi NWs/AgNFs nanocomposite was used for the first time to develop an electrochemical DNA sensor. As a result, the DNA probe immobilization was facilitated and the electrochemical signals of the DNA sensor were enhanced. The detection limit of the DNA sensor was 2.70 × 10−15 M. Moreover, potential miniaturization for fabrication of a lab-on-a-chip system, direct detection, high sensitivity, and good specificity are the advantages of the fabricated DNA sensor. A novel nanostructured material based on ERGO/PANi NWs/AgNFs was electrosynthesized on a Pt microelectrode and was used for the first time to develop an electrochemical DNA sensor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyen Thi Tran
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology 1st Dai Co Viet Road, Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Hoang Vinh Tran
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology 1st Dai Co Viet Road, Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Hue Thi Minh Dang
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology 1st Dai Co Viet Road, Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Anh Van Nguyen
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology 1st Dai Co Viet Road, Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thuy Hong Tran
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology 1st Dai Co Viet Road, Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Chinh Dang Huynh
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology 1st Dai Co Viet Road, Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi Vietnam
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24
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Abstract
This perspective article describes the application opportunities of carbon nanotube (CNT) films for the energy sector. Up to date progress in this regard is illustrated with representative examples of a wide range of energy management and transformation studies employing CNT ensembles. Firstly, this paper features an overview of how such macroscopic networks from nanocarbon can be produced. Then, the capabilities for their application in specific energy-related scenarios are described. Among the highlighted cases are conductive coatings, charge storage devices, thermal interface materials, and actuators. The selected examples demonstrate how electrical, thermal, radiant, and mechanical energy can be converted from one form to another using such formulations based on CNTs. The article is concluded with a future outlook, which anticipates the next steps which the research community will take to bring these concepts closer to implementation.
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25
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Development of 3D-Printed MWCNTs/AC/BNNTs Ternary Composite Electrode Material with High-Capacitance Performance. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11062636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been extensively investigated in recent decades as electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) electrode materials for supercapacitors, owing to their superior capacitive properties and cycling stability performance. However, in the modern electronics industry, ternary electrode materials have been designed to develop high-performance and efficient energy storage devices. EDLC-based ternary materials are of great importance, where all the present components participate both individually and as a multicomponent electrode system to promote high-electrochemical performance electrode materials. In this study, we have incorporated an optimized content of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) powder into a binary material composed of AC and MWCNTs to enhance their electrochemical performance using a pneumatic printer. The printed MWCNTs/AC/BNNTs ternary composite electrode material has shown a maximum specific capacitance of 262 F g−1 at a minimum current density of 1 A g−1, with a capacitance retention of 49.61% at a maximum current density of 10 A g−1. These results demonstrate that the printable MWCNTs/AC/BNNTs ternary composite electrode material is a potential candidate for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.
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26
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Tetra chlorobenzoxazolamine nickel (II) phthalocyanine supercapacitor with aqueous electrolyte and MWCNTs. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Raniszewski G, Pietrzak Ł. Optimization of Mass Flow in the Synthesis of Ferromagnetic Carbon Nanotubes in Chemical Vapor Deposition System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:612. [PMID: 33525748 PMCID: PMC7865554 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes have unique properties, which make it possible to be applied in a variety of sensing applications. Moreover, by controlling the synthesis chemistry process, it is possible for carbon nanotubes to either fill or attach to its surface metal particles, e.g., iron. In an industrial scale, the yield and purity of the final product is very important. This work describes the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method of carbon iron nanocontainers with maximum nanoparticles to impurities ratio. As one of the main parameters, the mass flow of gases was considered. To investigate the quality of the product, the scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric methods were used. Results for different process conditions were presented and discussed. The low gas velocity and high temperatures may affect the catalyst decomposition and ionization. The optimum flow and temperature in the reactor were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Raniszewski
- Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Faculty of Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Control Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 18/22 str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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28
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Using Ca2.9Nd0.1Co4O9+δ perovskites to convert a flexible carbon nanotube based supercapacitor to a battery-like device. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Yadav MD, Dasgupta K. Role of sulfur source on the structure of carbon nanotube cotton synthesized by floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Podili S, Geetha D, Ramesh PS. Tuning the dopant (Zn2+) composition for uniform mesoporous Zn–CuS nanoflower via hydrothermal approach as a novel electrode material for high-rate supercapacitor. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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31
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Basheer BV, George JJ, Siengchin S, Parameswaranpillai J. Polymer grafted carbon nanotubes—Synthesis, properties, and applications: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Lacerda GRDBS, dos Santos Junior GA, Rocco MLM, Lavall RL, Matencio T, Calado HDR. Development of nanohybrids based on carbon nanotubes/P(EDOT-co-MPy) and P(EDOT-co-PyMP) copolymers as electrode materials for aqueous supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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33
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Nabil K, Abdelmonem N, Nogami M, Ismail I. Preparation of Composite Monolith Supercapacitor Electrode Made from Textile-Grade Polyacrylonitrile Fibers and Phenolic Resin. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030655. [PMID: 32024164 PMCID: PMC7040743 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work a composite monolith was prepared from widely available and cost effective raw materials, textile-grade polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and phenolic resin. Two activation procedures (physical and chemical) were used to increase the surface area of the produced carbon electrode. Characterization of the thermally stabilized fibers produced was made using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Carbon-Hydrogen-Nitrogen(CHN) elemental analysis, in order to choose the optimum conditions of producing the stabilized fibers. Characterization of the produced composite monolith electrode was performed using physical adsorption of nitrogen at 77 °K, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrical resistivity in order to evaluate its performance. All the electrodes prepared had a mixture of micropores and mesopores. Pressing the green monolith during the curing process was found to reduce largely the specific surface area and to some degree the electrical resistivity of the chemically activated composite electrode. Physical activation was more suitable than chemical activation, where it resulted in an electrode with specific capacity 29 F/g, good capacitive behavior and the stability of the electrical resistivity over the temperature range −130 to 80 °C. Chemical activation resulted in a very poor electrode with resistive rather than capacitive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Nabil
- Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt;
- Chemical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1004696396
| | - Nabil Abdelmonem
- Chemical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Masanobu Nogami
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan;
| | - Ibrahim Ismail
- Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt;
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34
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Pour GB, Aval LF, Mirzaee M. CNTs Supercapacitor Based on the PVDF/PVA Gel Electrolytes. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 14:163-170. [PMID: 31800382 DOI: 10.2174/1872210513666191204111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper, the supercapacitor based on the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) electrodes has been fabricated. OBJECTIVE The Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) were used as a gel electrolyte. METHODS The electrodes and electrolytes thin films were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The specific Capacitance (Cs) of the CNTs-based supercapacitor has been measured using the cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic methods. For the scan rate, 20 mV s-1 the Cs of the CNTs-based supercapacitor was 173 F g-1. RESULTS Using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy the Nyquist curve has been plotted. The reactance capacitance and the equivalent series resistance of the CNTs-based supercapacitor with PVDF/PVA gel electrolytes were 90 Ω and 25 Ω respectively. CONCLUSION Also, few patents for the CNTs-based supercapacitor have been reviewed and cited. The CNTs-based supercapacitor proposed a new structure solid-state and flexible supercapacitor with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobad B Pour
- Department of Physics, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila F Aval
- Department of Physics, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaee
- Department of Physics, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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