1
|
Kazimir A, Götze T, Murganić B, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Hey-Hawkins E. Bipyraloxifene - a modified raloxifene vector against triple-negative breast cancer. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1921-1928. [PMID: 38911151 PMCID: PMC11187558 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Raloxifene, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM), has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention and therapy of oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, with some degree of effectiveness against triple-negative forms. This suggests the presence of oestrogen receptor-independent pathways in raloxifene-mediated anticancer activity. To enhance the potential of raloxifene against the most aggressive breast cancer cells, hybrid molecules combining the drug with a metal chelator moiety have been developed. In this study, we synthetically modified the structure of raloxifene by incorporating a 2,2'-bipyridine (2,2'-bipy) moiety, resulting in [6-methoxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl]-[4-(2,2'-bipyridin-4'-yl-methoxy)phenyl]methanone (bipyraloxifene). We investigated the cytotoxic activity of both raloxifene and bipyraloxifene against ER+ breast adenocarcinomas, glioblastomas, and a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, elucidating their mode of action against TNBC. Bipyraloxifene maintained a mechanism based on caspase-mediated apoptosis but exhibited significantly higher activity and selectivity compared to the original drug, particularly evident in triple-negative stem-like MDA-MB-231 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Kazimir
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Tom Götze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Blagoje Murganić
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade 12-14 Mike Petrovića Street Belgrade 11351 Serbia
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade University Bul. despota Stefana 142 Belgrade 11060 Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade University Bul. despota Stefana 142 Belgrade 11060 Serbia
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bisht A, Avinash D, Sahu KK, Patel P, Das Gupta G, Kurmi BD. A comprehensive review on doxorubicin: mechanisms, toxicity, clinical trials, combination therapies and nanoformulations in breast cancer. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01648-0. [PMID: 38884850 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a key treatment for breast cancer, but its effectiveness often comes with significant side effects. Its actions include DNA intercalation, topoisomerase II inhibition, and reactive oxygen species generation, leading to DNA damage and cell death. However, it can also cause heart problems and low blood cell counts. Current trials aim to improve doxorubicin therapy by adjusting doses, using different administration methods, and combining it with targeted treatments or immunotherapy. Nanoformulations show promise in enhancing doxorubicin's effectiveness by improving drug delivery, reducing side effects, and overcoming drug resistance. This review summarizes recent progress and difficulties in using doxorubicin for breast cancer, highlighting its mechanisms, side effects, ongoing trials, and the potential impact of nanoformulations. Understanding these different aspects is crucial in optimizing doxorubicin's use and improving outcomes for breast cancer patients. This review examines the toxicity of doxorubicin, a drug used in breast cancer treatment, and discusses strategies to mitigate adverse effects, such as cardioprotective agents and liposomal formulations. It also discusses clinical trials evaluating doxorubicin-based regimens, the evolving landscape of combination therapies, and the potential of nanoformulations to optimize delivery and reduce systemic toxicity. The review also discusses the potential of liposomes, nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles to enhance drug accumulation within tumor tissues while sparing healthy organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, ISF College Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Dubey Avinash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, ISF College Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Kantrol Kumar Sahu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17 km Stone, NH-2, Chaumuhan, Mathura, 281406, UP, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tawfeek HN, Abdelmoez A, Dahlous KA, Youssif BGM, Bräse S, Rissanen K, Nieger M, El-Sheref EM. Convenient synthesis and X-ray determination of 2-amino-6 H-1,3,4-thiadiazin-3-ium bromides endowed with antiproliferative activity. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17866-17876. [PMID: 38939040 PMCID: PMC11208997 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02531h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazin-3-ium bromide derivatives 9a-g were prepared as a six-member ring by interactions between 4-substituted thiosemicarbazides 8a-e and α-halo ketones 2a,b. The reaction was conducted using hydrazine-NH2 and yielded a hexagonal shape. The structures of all obtained compounds have been verified using IR, NMR spectra, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The X-ray crystallographic analysis of compounds 9a and 9b has revealed that the salt is formed with the nitrogen atom N3 when the aromatic substituents 9a and 9d are present, but in the case of compounds 9b, 9c, 9e, 9f, and 9g with the aliphatic substituent, the salt is formed outside the ring. Compounds 9a-g were evaluated for antiproliferative activity as multitargeted inhibitors. Results revealed that targets 9a-g displayed good antiproliferative activity, with GI50 ranging from 38 nM to 66 nM against a panel of four cancer cell lines compared to the reference Erlotinib (GI50 = 33 nM). Compounds 9a, 9c, and 9d were the most potent antiproliferative derivatives, with GI50 values of 43, 38, and 47 nM, respectively. Compounds 9a, 9c, and 9d were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against EGFR, BRAFV600E, and VEGFR-2. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the compounds being examined exhibit potent antiproliferative properties and have the potential to function as multitargeted inhibitors. In addition, the western blotting investigation demonstrated the inhibitory effects of 9c on EGFR, BRAFV600E, and VEGFR-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendawy N Tawfeek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University El Minia 61519 Egypt
- Unit of Occupational of Safety and Health, Administration Office of Minia University El-Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa Abdelmoez
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt +20-1098294419
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Kholood A Dahlous
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt +20-1098294419
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, IBCS-FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä PO Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki PO Box 55, A. I. Virtasen Aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Essmat M El-Sheref
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University El Minia 61519 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Basar OY, Mohammed S, Qoronfleh MW, Acar A. Optimizing cancer therapy: a review of the multifaceted effects of metronomic chemotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1369597. [PMID: 38813084 PMCID: PMC11133583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1369597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy (MCT), characterized by the continuous administration of chemotherapeutics at a lower dose without prolonged drug-free periods, has garnered significant attention over the last 2 decades. Extensive evidence from both pre-clinical and clinical settings indicates that MCT induces distinct biological effects than the standard Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) chemotherapy. The low toxicity profile, reduced likelihood of inducing acquired therapeutic resistance, and low cost of MCT render it an attractive chemotherapeutic regimen option. One of the most prominent aspects of MCT is its anti-angiogenesis effects. It has been shown to stimulate the expression of anti-angiogenic molecules, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis. In addition, MCT has been shown to decrease the regulatory T-cell population and promote anti-tumor immune response through inducing dendritic cell maturation and increasing the number of cytotoxic T-cells. Combination therapies utilizing MCT along with oncolytic virotherapy, radiotherapy or other chemotherapeutic regimens have been studied extensively. This review provides an overview of the current status of MCT research and the established mechanisms of action of MCT treatment and also offers insights into potential avenues of development for MCT in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oyku Yagmur Basar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sawsan Mohammed
- Qatar University, QU Health, College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Q3 Research Institute (QRI), Research and Policy Division, Ypsilanti, MI, United States
| | - Ahmet Acar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karampuri A, Kundur S, Perugu S. Exploratory drug discovery in breast cancer patients: A multimodal deep learning approach to identify novel drug candidates targeting RTK signaling. Comput Biol Med 2024; 174:108433. [PMID: 38642491 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer, a highly formidable and diverse malignancy predominantly affecting women globally, poses a significant threat due to its intricate genetic variability, rendering it challenging to diagnose accurately. Various therapies such as immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and diverse chemotherapy approaches like drug repurposing and combination therapy are widely used depending on cancer subtype and metastasis severity. Our study revolves around an innovative drug discovery strategy targeting potential drug candidates specific to RTK signalling, a prominently targeted receptor class in cancer. To accomplish this, we have developed a multimodal deep neural network (MM-DNN) based QSAR model integrating omics datasets to elucidate genomic, proteomic expression data, and drug responses, validated rigorously. The results showcase an R2 value of 0.917 and an RMSE value of 0.312, affirming the model's commendable predictive capabilities. Structural analogs of drug molecules specific to RTK signalling were sourced from the PubChem database, followed by meticulous screening to eliminate dissimilar compounds. Leveraging the MM-DNN-based QSAR model, we predicted the biological activity of these molecules, subsequently clustering them into three distinct groups. Feature importance analysis was performed. Consequently, we successfully identified prime drug candidates tailored for each potential downstream regulatory protein within the RTK signalling pathway. This method makes the early stages of drug development faster by removing inactive compounds, providing a hopeful path in combating breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anush Karampuri
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 500604, India
| | - Sunitha Kundur
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 500604, India
| | - Shyam Perugu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 500604, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohammadi E, Dashti S, Shafizade N, Jin H, Zhang C, Lam S, Tahmoorespur M, Mardinoglu A, Sekhavati MH. Drug repositioning for immunotherapy in breast cancer using single-cell analysis. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:37. [PMID: 38589404 PMCID: PMC11001976 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory peptides, while exhibiting potential antimicrobial, antifungal, and/or antiviral properties, can play a role in stimulating or suppressing the immune system, especially in pathological conditions like breast cancer (BC). Thus, deregulation of these peptides may serve as an immunotherapeutic strategy to enhance the immune response. In this meta-analysis, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing data and known therapeutic peptides to investigate the deregulation of these peptides in malignant versus normal human breast epithelial cells. We corroborated our findings at the chromatin level using ATAC-seq. Additionally, we assessed the protein levels in various BC cell lines. Moreover, our in-house drug repositioning approach was employed to identify potential drugs that could positively impact the relapse-free survival of BC patients. Considering significantly deregulated therapeutic peptides and their role in BC pathology, our approach aims to downregulate B2M and SLPI, while upregulating PIGR, DEFB1, LTF, CLU, S100A7, and SCGB2A1 in BC epithelial cells through our drug repositioning pipeline. Leveraging the LINCS L1000 database, we propose BRD-A06641369 for B2M downregulation and ST-4070043 and BRD-K97926541 for SLPI downregulation without negatively affecting the MHC complex as a significantly correlated pathway with these two genes. Furthermore, we have compiled a comprehensive list of drugs for the upregulation of other selected immunomodulatory peptides. Employing an immunotherapeutic approach by integrating our drug repositioning pipeline with single-cell analysis, we proposed potential drugs and drug targets to fortify the immune system against BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Mohammadi
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Samira Dashti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Shafizade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Han Jin
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Lam
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hsu CY, Rajabi S, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Kumar A, Maresca M, Ghildiyal P. Sesquiterpene lactones as emerging biomolecules to cease cancer by targeting apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1371002. [PMID: 38529189 PMCID: PMC10961375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1371002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death comprising two signaling cascades including the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. This process has been shown to be involved in the therapy response of different cancer types, making it an effective target for treating cancer. Cancer has been considered a challenging issue in global health. Cancer cells possess six biological characteristics during their developmental process known as cancer hallmarks. Hallmarks of cancer include continuous growth signals, unlimited proliferation, resistance to proliferation inhibitors, apoptosis escaping, active angiogenesis, and metastasis. Sesquiterpene lactones are one of the large and diverse groups of planet-derived phytochemicals that can be used as sources for a variety of drugs. Some sesquiterpene lactones possess many biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-malarial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and analgesic. This review article briefly overviews the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis and the interactions between the modulators of both pathways. Also, the present review summarizes the potential effects of sesquiterpene lactones on different modulators of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines and animal models. The main purpose of the present review is to give a clear picture of the current knowledge about the pro-apoptotic effects of sesquiterpene lactones on various cancers to provide future direction in cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sadegh Rajabi
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeloo-Moghadam
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bertão AR, Teixeira F, Ivasiv V, Parpot P, Almeida-Aguiar C, Fonseca AM, Bañobre-López M, Baltazar F, Neves IC. Machine Learning-Assisted Optimization of Drug Combinations in Zeolite-Based Delivery Systems for Melanoma Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5696-5707. [PMID: 38271191 PMCID: PMC10859889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Two independent artificial neural network (ANN) models were used to determine the optimal drug combination of zeolite-based delivery systems (ZDS) for cancer therapy. The systems were based on the NaY zeolite using silver (Ag+) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as antimicrobial and antineoplastic agents. Different ZDS samples were prepared, and their characterization indicates the successful incorporation of both pharmacologically active species without any relevant changes to the zeolite structure. Silver acts as a counterion of the negative framework, and 5-FU retains its molecular integrity. The data from the A375 cell viability assays, involving ZDS samples (solid phase), 5-FU, and Ag+ aqueous solutions (liquid phase), were used to train two independent machine learning (ML) models. Both models exhibited a high level of accuracy in predicting the experimental cell viability results, allowing the development of a novel protocol for virtual cell viability assays. The findings suggest that the incorporation of both Ag and 5-FU into the zeolite structure significantly potentiates their anticancer activity when compared to that of the liquid phase. Additionally, two optimal AgY/5-FU@Y ratios were proposed to achieve the best cell viability outcomes. The ZDS also exhibited significant efficacy against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus); the predicted combination ratio is also effective against S. aureus, underscoring the potential of this approach as a therapeutic option for cancer-associated bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Bertão
- CQUM,
Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Life
and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s
- PT Government Associate Laboratory, University
of Minho, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Advanced
(Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, Nanomedicine Group, International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe Teixeira
- CQUM,
Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Viktoriya Ivasiv
- CQUM,
Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pier Parpot
- CQUM,
Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- CEB
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University
of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina Almeida-Aguiar
- CBMA - Centre
of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - António M. Fonseca
- CQUM,
Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- CEB
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University
of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Bañobre-López
- Advanced
(Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, Nanomedicine Group, International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life
and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s
- PT Government Associate Laboratory, University
of Minho, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel C. Neves
- CQUM,
Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- CEB
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University
of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahmoudi G, Ehteshaminia Y, Kokhaei P, Jalali SF, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Pagheh AS, Enderami SE, Kenari SA, Hassannia H. Enhancement of targeted therapy in combination with metformin on human breast cancer cell lines. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:10. [PMID: 38167105 PMCID: PMC10763326 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer remains a primary global health concern due to its limited treatment options, frequent disease recurrence, and high rates of morbidity and mortality. Thereby, there is a need for more effective treatment approaches. The proposal suggests that the combination of targeted therapy with other antitumoral agents could potentially address drug resistance. In this study, we examined the antitumoral effect of combining metformin, an antidiabetic drug, with targeted therapies, including tamoxifen for estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7), trastuzumab for HER2-positive (SKBR-3), and antibody against ROR1 receptor for triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231). METHODS Once the expression of relevant receptors on each cell line was confirmed and appropriate drug concentrations were selected through cytotoxicity assays, the antitumor effects of both monotherapy and combination therapy on colony formation, migration, invasion were assessed in in vitro as well as tumor area and metastatic potential in ex ovo Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models. RESULTS The results exhibited the enhanced effects of tamoxifen when combined with targeted therapy. This combination effectively inhibited cell growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Additionally, it significantly reduced tumor size and metastatic potential in an ex ovo CAM model. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that a favorable strategy to enhance the efficacy of breast cancer treatment would be to combine metformin with targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Mahmoudi
- Student Research Committee, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yahya Ehteshaminia
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Department of Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Farzaneh Jalali
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Abdol Sattar Pagheh
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeid Abedian Kenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hadi Hassannia
- Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cavalluzzi MM, Viale M, Rotondo NP, Ferraro V, Lentini G. Drug Repositioning for Ovarian Cancer Treatment: An Update. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:637-647. [PMID: 38367265 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206282904240122063914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in female reproductive organs, and its 5-year survival is below 45%. Despite the advances in surgical and chemotherapeutic options, OC treatment is still a challenge, and new anticancer agents are urgently needed. Drug repositioning has gained significant attention in drug discovery, representing a smart way to identify new clinical applications for drugs whose human safety and pharmacokinetics have already been established, with great time and cost savings in pharmaceutical development endeavors. This review offers an update on the most promising drugs repurposable for OC treatment and/or prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Viale
- U.O.C. Bioterapie, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Ferraro
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ajmeera D, Ajumeera R. Drug repurposing: A novel strategy to target cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance. Genes Dis 2024; 11:148-175. [PMID: 37588226 PMCID: PMC10425757 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an effortless and frequently used approach in cancer therapy. However, in most cases, it can only prolong life expectancy and does not guarantee a complete cure. Furthermore, chemotherapy is associated with severe adverse effects, one of the major complications of effective cancer therapy. In addition, newly published research outputs show that cancer stem cells are involved in cancer disease progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence and that they are functional in the trans-differentiation capacity of cancer stem cells to cancer cells in response to treatments. Novel strategies are therefore required for better management of cancer therapy. The prime approach would be to synthesize and develop novel drugs that need extensive resources, time, and endurance to be brought into therapeutic use. The subsequent approach would be to screen the anti-cancer activity of available non-cancerous drugs. This concept of repurposing non-cancer drugs as an alternative to current cancer therapy has become popular in recent years because using existing anticancer drugs has several adverse effects. Micronutrients have also been investigated for cancer therapy due to their significant anti-cancer effects with negligible or no side effects and availability in food sources. In this paper, we discuss an ideal hypothesis for screening available non-cancerous drugs with anticancer activity, with a focus on cancer stem cells and their clinical application for cancer treatment. Further, drug repurposing and the combination of micronutrients that can target both cancers and cancer stem cells may result in a better therapeutic approach leading to maximum tumor growth control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ajmeera
- Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Rajanna Ajumeera
- Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vale N, Ribeiro E, Cruz I, Stulberg V, Koksch B, Costa B. New Perspective for Using Antimicrobial and Cell-Penetrating Peptides to Increase Efficacy of Antineoplastic 5-FU in Cancer Cells. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:565. [PMID: 38132819 PMCID: PMC10744333 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14120565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the effectiveness of the antineoplastic agent 5-FU in cancer cells by leveraging the unique properties of cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Traditional anticancer therapies face substantial limitations, including unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles and inadequate specificity for tumor sites. These drawbacks often necessitate higher therapeutic agent doses, leading to severe toxicity in normal cells and adverse side effects. Peptides have emerged as promising carriers for targeted drug delivery, with their ability to selectively deliver therapeutics to cells expressing specific receptors. This enhances intracellular drug delivery, minimizes drug resistance, and reduces toxicity. In this research, we comprehensively evaluate the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties of various AMPs and CPPs to gain insights into their potential as anticancer agents. The peptide synthesis involved a solid-phase synthesis using a Liberty Microwave Peptide Synthesizer. The peptide purity was confirmed via LC-MS and HPLC methods. For the ADMET screening, computational tools were employed, assessing parameters like absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity. The cell lines A549 and UM-UC-5 were cultured and treated with 5-FU, CAMPs, and CPPs. The cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. The physicochemical properties analysis revealed favorable drug-likeness attributes. The peptides exhibited potential inhibitory activity against CYP3A4. The ADMET predictions indicated variable absorption and distribution characteristics. Furthermore, we assessed the effectiveness of these peptides alone and in combination with 5-FU, a widely used antineoplastic agent, in two distinct cancer cell lines, UM-UC-5 and A549. Our findings indicate that CAMPs can significantly reduce the cell viability in A549 cells, while CPPs exhibit promising results in UM-UC-5 cells. Understanding these multifaceted effects could open new avenues for antiviral and anticancer research. Further, experimental validation is necessary to confirm the mechanism of action of these peptides, especially in combination with 5-FU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (E.R.); (I.C.); (B.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Ribeiro
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (E.R.); (I.C.); (B.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Cruz
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (E.R.); (I.C.); (B.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina Stulberg
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (V.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (V.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Bárbara Costa
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (E.R.); (I.C.); (B.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nsairat H, Alshaer W, Lafi Z, Ahmad S, Al-Sanabrah A, El-Tanani M. Development and validation of reversed-phase-HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of fulvestrant and disulfiram in liposomes. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1393-1405. [PMID: 37847056 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop and validate an HPLC technique for the determination of fulvestrant and disulfiram in liposomes. Encapsulation of both drugs into liposomes may improve their anticancer potential. Validation was performed following the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines for specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy and robustness. Method specificity displayed no interference and linearity over 25-200 and 12.5-100 μg/ml for fulvestrant and disulfiram, respectively. Precision and accuracy exhibited a low relative standard deviation (<1.70%) and appropriate recovery. The validated method could be designated as a proper method for the simultaneous determination of fulvestrant and disulfiram in liposomes. The liposomes displayed 148.5 ± 5.1 nm size. The encapsulation efficiencies were 73.52 and 50.50% for fulvestrant and disulfiram, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Zainab Lafi
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Somaya Ahmad
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Alaa Al-Sanabrah
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Atmaca H, Ilhan S, Dundar BA, Zora M. Bioevaluation of Spiro N-Propargylic β-Enaminones as Anti-Breast Cancer Agents: In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301228. [PMID: 37837366 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the in vitro inhibitory activities of spiro N-propargylic β-enaminones, SPEs 1-31, against BCa cells, to perform in silico molecular docking studies to understand the nature of the interaction between the compounds and the ERα, PR, EGFR, and Her2, and to determine the ADMET and drug-likeness properties. Cytotoxic activity was investigated via MTT assay. DNA fragmentation was evaluated via ELISA assay. Cell cycle distributions were investigated by flow cytometry. Expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, p21 and Cyclin D1 were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Molecular docking was done using Autodock/vina software. ADMET analysis was calculated using the ADMETlab 2.0 tool. SPEs 1, 22, and 28 showed selective cytotoxic activity against all BCa cells with SI values >2. SPEs induced apoptosis and caused significant changes in Bcl-2 and Bax levels. The cell cycle was arrested at the S phase and levels of p21 and Cyclin D1 were induced in all BCa cells. Molecular docking analysis revealed that SPE1, SPE22, and SPE28 showed high binding affinities with ERα, PR, EGFR, and Her2. ADMET analysis revealed that SPEs are drug-like compounds as they obey the five rules of Lipinsky and are not toxic. Therefore, these potential anticancer compounds should be further validated by in vivo studies for their appropriate function in human health with a safety profile, and a comprehensive drug interaction study should be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harika Atmaca
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Ilhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Buse Aysen Dundar
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Zora
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Popović DJ, Popović KJ, Miljković D, Popović JK, Lalošević D, Poša M, Dolićanin Z, Čapo I. Diclofenac and metformin synergistic dose dependent inhibition of hamster fibrosarcoma, rescued with mebendazole. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115528. [PMID: 37738800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether combinig diclofenac and metformin in doses equivalent to human doses would synergize their anticancer activity on fibrosarcoma inoculated to hamsters and in vitro. Rescue experiment was performed to examine whether the prosurvival NF-κB stimulation by mebendazole can reverse anticancer effects of the treatment. BHK-21/C13 cell culture was subcutaneously inoculated to Syrian golden hamsters randomly divided into groups (6 animals per group): 1) untreated control; treated daily with 2) diclofenac; 3) metformin; 4) combinations of diclofenac and metformin at various doses; 5) combination of diclofenac, metformin and mebendazole; 6) mebendazole. Dose response curves were made for diclofenac and metformin combination. Tumor growth kinetics, biophysical, pathological, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of excised tumors and hamster organs as well as biochemical and hematological blood tests were compared among the groups. Single treatments had no anticancer effects. Diclofenac (60 mg/kg/day) exhibited significant (P < 0.05) synergistic inhibitory effect with metformin (500 mg/kg/day) on all tumor growth parameters, without toxicity and influence on biochemical and hematological blood tests. The same results were obtained with double doses of diclofenac and metformin combination. The addition of mebendazole to the diclofenac and metformin combination rescued tumor expansion. Furthermore, diclofenac with metformin demonstrated antiproliferative effects in hamster fibrosarcoma BHK-21/C13, human lung carcinoma A549 (CCL-185), colon carcinoma HT-29 (HTB-38) and cervical carcinoma HeLa (CCL-2) cell cultures, with markedly lower cytotoxicity in the normal fetal lung MRC-5 cells. In conclusion, diclofenac and metformin combination may be recommended for potential use in oncology, due to synergistic anticancer effect in doses achievable in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dušica J Popović
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Kosta J Popović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Miljković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovan K Popović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Academy of Medical Sciences of the Serbian Medical Society, 19 George Washington str.,11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dušan Lalošević
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihalj Poša
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zana Dolićanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Ivan Čapo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Emori C, Boucher Z, Bolcun-Filas E. CHEK2 signaling is the key regulator of oocyte survival after chemotherapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg0898. [PMID: 37862420 PMCID: PMC10588956 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatments can damage the ovarian follicle reserve, leading to primary ovarian insufficiency and infertility among survivors. Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) deficiency prevents elimination of oocytes in primordial follicles in female mice exposed to radiation and preserves their ovarian function and fertility. Here, we demonstrate that CHEK2 also coordinates the elimination of oocytes after exposure to standard-of-care chemotherapy drugs. CHEK2 activates two downstream targets-TAp63 and p53-which direct oocyte elimination. CHEK2 knockout or pharmacological inhibition preserved ovarian follicle reserve after radiation and chemotherapy. However, the lack of specificity for CHEK2 among available inhibitors limits their potential for clinical development. These findings demonstrate that CHEK2 is a master regulator of the ovarian cellular response to damage caused by radiation and chemotherapy and warrant the development of selective inhibitors specific to CHEK2 as a potential avenue for ovario-protective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Emori
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Zachary Boucher
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mukherjee A, Yadav PH, Mukunthan KS. Unveiling Potential Targeted Therapeutic Opportunities for Co-Overexpressed Targeting Protein for Xklp2 and Aurora-A Kinase in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00879-9. [PMID: 37768502 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most prevalent and leading causes of cancer deaths globally, with limited diagnostic and clinically significant therapeutic targets. Identifying the genes and processes involved in developing and progressing LUAD is crucial for developing effective targeted therapeutics and improving patient outcomes. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the RNA sequencing data of LUAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and gene expression profile datasets involving GSE10072, GSE31210, and GSE32863 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The differential gene expression and the downstream analysis determined clinically significant biomarkers using a network-based approach. These therapeutic targets predominantly enriched the dysregulation of mitotic cell cycle regulation and revealed the co-overexpression of Aurora-A Kinase (AURKA) and Targeting Protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) with high survival risk in LUAD patients. The hydrophobic residues of the AURKA-TPX2 interaction were considered as the target site to block the autophosphorylation of AURKA during the mitotic cell cycle. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) dacomitinib demonstrated the strong binding potential to hinder TPX2, shielding the AURKA destabilization. This in silico study lays the foundation for repurposing targeted therapeutic options to impede the Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) in LUAD progression and aid in future translational investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | | | - K S Mukunthan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
sofi S, Jan N, Qayoom H, Alkhanani M, Almilaibary A, Ahmad Mir M. Elucidation of interleukin-19 as a therapeutic target for breast cancer by computational analysis and experimental validation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103774. [PMID: 37675062 PMCID: PMC10477739 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 19 (IL-19) is a cytokine produced by monocytes and belongs to the family of IL-10. The IL-19 protein stimulates fibronectin (FN) expression and assembly, metastasis, and cell division in breast cancer (BC) cells. IL-19, which is connected to breast pathogenesis and has an autocrine action in BC cells, is a key predictor of prognosis for many tumour forms, including breast cancer. Augmented IL-19 expression has been related to poorer clinical outcomes for patients with BC and directly enhances proliferation and migration while also serving as a microenvironment for tumour formation. The main aim of our study was to examine the expression profile, functional role, and prognostic significance of interleukin-19 in BC pathogenesis and also to find out the molecular mechanism of IL-19 in BC. In this work, we used the various computational approach and tools, to evaluate the expression profile and prognostic implication of IL-19 in BC and discover the role of IL-19 in BC pathogenesis. IL-19 was shown to be highly upregulated in BC as compared to other interleukins. Also, its levels were highly overexpressed in liminal BC patients, mostly in 3rd stage groups under the age group of 21-40 years. IL-19 levels were increased in BC and elevated expression of IL-19 was examined to have worse overall survival (OS). The KEGG analysis and gene ontology of IL-19 depict that IL-19 is significantly augmented in cytokine activity and receptor-ligand activity and also in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Moreover, IL-19 showed a high correlation with IL20RA, as later is involved with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The in-vivo and in-vitro studies have also reflected that upregulation of IL-19 enhances tumor development and affects clinical outcomes in BC patients through several pathways including the JAK TAT signalling pathway. Overall, our study indicates that IL-19 increases tumour growth and that inhibiting it in addition to standard treatments will greatly improve BC patient's therapeutic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shazia sofi
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
| | - Nusrat Jan
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
| | - Hina Qayoom
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
| | - Mustfa Alkhanani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hafr Al Batin, University of Hafr Al-Batin, 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Albaha 65511, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Deng X, Deng X, Ning W, Xin L, Li Q, Hu Z, Xie B, Liang K, Min C, Dong C, Huang J, Zhou HB. Identification of Novel Dual-Target Estrogen Receptor α Degraders with Tubulin Inhibitory Activity for the Treatment of Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11094-11117. [PMID: 37584263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine resistance remains a significant problem in the clinical treatment of estrogen receptor α-positive (ERα+) breast cancer (BC). In this study, we developed a series of novel dual-functional ERα degraders based on a bridged bicyclic scaffold with selenocyano (SeCN) side chains. These compounds displayed potent ERα degradation and tubulin depolymerization activity. Among them, compounds 35s and 35t exhibited the most promising antiproliferative and ERα degradation activity in multiple ERα+ BC cell lines bearing either wild-type or mutant ERα. Meanwhile, compounds 35s and 35t disrupted the microtubule network by restraining tubulin polymerization, evidenced by 35t inducing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. In MCF-7 and LCC2 xenograft models, compounds 35s and 35t remarkably suppressed tumor growth without noticeable poisonousness. Finally, this study provided guidance for developing new dual-target antitumor drug candidates for the ERα+ BC therapy, especially for the resistant variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Deng
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaofei Deng
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wentao Ning
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lilan Xin
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiuzi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiye Hu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Baohua Xie
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kaiwei Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chang Min
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chune Dong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Elkashlan M, Ahmad RM, Hajar M, Al Jasmi F, Corchado JM, Nasarudin NA, Mohamad MS. A review of SARS-CoV-2 drug repurposing: databases and machine learning models. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1182465. [PMID: 37601065 PMCID: PMC10436567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1182465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) posed a serious worldwide threat and emphasized the urgency to find efficient solutions to combat the spread of the virus. Drug repurposing has attracted more attention than traditional approaches due to its potential for a time- and cost-effective discovery of new applications for the existing FDA-approved drugs. Given the reported success of machine learning (ML) in virtual drug screening, it is warranted as a promising approach to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. The implementation of ML in drug repurposing requires the presence of reliable digital databases for the extraction of the data of interest. Numerous databases archive research data from studies so that it can be used for different purposes. This article reviews two aspects: the frequently used databases in ML-based drug repurposing studies for SARS-CoV-2, and the recent ML models that have been developed for the prospective prediction of potential inhibitors against the new virus. Both types of ML models, Deep Learning models and conventional ML models, are reviewed in terms of introduction, methodology, and its recent applications in the prospective predictions of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Furthermore, the features and limitations of the databases are provided to guide researchers in choosing suitable databases according to their research interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marim Elkashlan
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahaf M Ahmad
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Malak Hajar
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Al Jasmi
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Juan Manuel Corchado
- Departamento de Informática y Automática, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Investigación BISITE, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nurul Athirah Nasarudin
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohd Saberi Mohamad
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mukherjee S, Saha G, Roy NS, Naiya G, Ghosh MK, Roy S. A small HDM2 antagonist peptide and a USP7 inhibitor synergistically inhibit the p53-HDM2-USP7 circuit. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:126-136. [PMID: 37105726 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
HDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a crucial regulator of many proliferation-related pathways. It is also one of the primary regulators of p53. USP7, a deubiquitinase, also plays a key role in the regulation of both p53 and HDM2, thus forming a small regulatory network with them. This network has emerged as an important drug target. Development of a synergistic combination targeting both proteins is desirable and important for regulating this module. We have developed a small helically constrained peptide that potently inhibited p53-HDM2 interaction and exerted anti-proliferative effects on p53+/+ cells. A combination of this peptide-when attached to cell entry and nuclear localization tags-and a USP7 inhibitor showed synergistic anti-proliferative effects against cells harboring wild-type alleles of p53. Synergistic inhibition of two important drug targets may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gouranga Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, India
| | | | - Gitashri Naiya
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fatima GN, Fatma H, Saraf SK. Vaccines in Breast Cancer: Challenges and Breakthroughs. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2175. [PMID: 37443570 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a problem for women's health globally. Early detection techniques come in a variety of forms ranging from local to systemic and from non-invasive to invasive. The treatment of cancer has always been challenging despite the availability of a wide range of therapeutics. This is either due to the variable behaviour and heterogeneity of the proliferating cells and/or the individual's response towards the treatment applied. However, advancements in cancer biology and scientific technology have changed the course of the cancer treatment approach. This current review briefly encompasses the diagnostics, the latest and most recent breakthrough strategies and challenges, and the limitations in fighting breast cancer, emphasising the development of breast cancer vaccines. It also includes the filed/granted patents referring to the same aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gul Naz Fatima
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hera Fatma
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailendra K Saraf
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fuentealba-Manosalva O, Mansilla M, Buelvas N, Martin-Martin A, Torres CG, López-Muñoz RA. Mind the Curve: Dose-Response Fitting Biases the Synergy Scores across Software Used for Chemotherapy Combination Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119705. [PMID: 37298656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug combinations are increasingly studied in the field of anticancer agents. Mathematical models, such as Loewe, Bliss, and HSA, are used to interpret drug combinations, while informatics tools help cancer researchers identify the most effective combinations. However, the different algorithms each software uses lead to results that do not always correlate. This study compared the performance of Combenefit (Ver. 2.021) and SynergyFinder (Ver. 3.6) in analyzing drug synergy by studying combinations involving non-steroidal analgesics (celecoxib and indomethacin) and antitumor drugs (carboplatin, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine) on two canine mammary tumor cell lines. The drugs were characterized, their optimal concentration-response ranges were determined, and nine concentrations of each drug were used to make combination matrices. Viability data were analyzed under the HSA, Loewe, and Bliss models. Celecoxib-based combinations showed the most consistent synergistic effect among software and reference models. Combination heatmaps revealed that Combenefit gave stronger synergy signals, while SynergyFinder produced better concentration-response fitting. When the average values of the combination matrices were compared, some combinations shifted from synergistic to antagonistic due to differences in the curve fitting. We also used a simulated dataset to normalize each software's synergy scores, finding that Combenefit tends to increase the distance between synergistic and antagonistic combinations. We conclude that concentration-response data fitting biases the direction of the combination (synergistic or antagonistic). In contrast, the scoring from each software increases the differences among synergistic or antagonistic combinations in Combenefit when compared to SynergyFinder. We strongly recommend using multiple reference models and reporting complete data analysis for synergy claiming in combination studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Fuentealba-Manosalva
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Matías Mansilla
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Neudo Buelvas
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Antonia Martin-Martin
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Cristian G Torres
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Laboratorio Centralizado de Investigación Veterinaria (LaCIV), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A López-Muñoz
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zahari S, Syafruddin SE, Mohtar MA. Impact of the Cancer Cell Secretome in Driving Breast Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092653. [PMID: 37174117 PMCID: PMC10177134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease resulting from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in breast epithelial cells. Despite remarkable progress in diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer continues to be the most prevalent cancer affecting women worldwide. Recent research has uncovered a compelling link between breast cancer onset and the extracellular environment enveloping tumor cells. The complex network of proteins secreted by cancer cells and other cellular components within the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a critical player in driving the disease's metastatic properties. Specifically, the proteins released by the tumor cells termed the secretome, can significantly influence the progression and metastasis of breast cancer. The breast cancer cell secretome promotes tumorigenesis through its ability to modulate growth-associated signaling pathways, reshaping the tumor microenvironment, supporting pre-metastatic niche formation, and facilitating immunosurveillance evasion. Additionally, the secretome has been shown to play a crucial role in drug resistance development, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy. Understanding the intricate role of the cancer cell secretome in breast cancer progression will provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of this disease and aid in the development of more innovative therapeutic interventions. Hence, this review provides a nuanced analysis of the impact of the cancer cell secretome on breast cancer progression, elucidates the complex reciprocal interaction with the components of the tumor microenvironment and highlights emerging therapeutic opportunities for targeting the constituents of the secretome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syazalina Zahari
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - M Aiman Mohtar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Singh N, Reddy KP, Das P, Kishor BK, Datta P. Complex formulation strategies to overcome the delivery hurdles of laptinib in metastatic breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
26
|
Zaman N, Yousaf R, Akhtar Z, Sikander Azam S. Modulating Structural Dynamics of Dual Drugs for CDK4 Complex Addressing Prostate Cancer. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
|
27
|
Wang Y, Chen S, Zhang J, Ye Q, Liu Y. DNA Nano Trihedron Exhibits an Inhibitory Effect on Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4385-4390. [PMID: 36743028 PMCID: PMC9893459 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a new type of nanomaterial, DNA nanomaterials show great potential in biomedical applications because of their high precision, high controllability, and high biocompatibility among other characteristics. Therapeutic drugs based on DNA nanomaterials have been shown to have beneficial therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases. The application of DNA nanomedicines in the treatment of diseases has become a rapidly developing area of study. However, the instability of DNA nanomaterials greatly limits their clinical application. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a stable topological DNA nanostructure: DNA Nano Trihedron (DNT). We demonstrated that DNT could enter MCF-7 cells without the transfection agent. In addition, DNT could induce dramatic changes in gene expression and produce significant inhibitory effects on MCF-7 cells. DNT after two months of storage still had an inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School
of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Chen
- School
of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- School
of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key
Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education,
School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yin Liu
- School
of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cell-of-Origin Targeted Drug Repurposing for Triple-Negative and Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma with HDAC and HSP90 Inhibitors Combined with Niclosamide. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020332. [PMID: 36672285 PMCID: PMC9856736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a cell-of-origin-specific mRNA signature associated with metastasis and poor outcome in triple-negative carcinoma (TNBC). This TNBC cell-of-origin signature is associated with the over-expression of histone deacetylases and zinc finger protein HDAC1, HDAC7, and ZNF92, respectively. Based on this signature, we discovered that the combination of three drugs (an HDAC inhibitor, an anti-helminthic Niclosamide, and an antibiotic Tanespimycin that inhibits HSP90) synergistically reduces the proliferation of the twelve tested TNBC cell lines. Additionally, we discovered that four out of five inflammatory breast carcinoma cell lines are sensitive to this combination. Significantly, the concentration of the drugs that are used in these experiments are within or below clinically achievable dose, and the synergistic activity only emerged when all three drugs were combined. Our results suggest that HDAC and HSP90 inhibitors combined with the tapeworm drug Niclosamide can achieve remarkably synergistic inhibition of TNBC and IBC. Since Niclosamide, HDAC, and HSP90 inhibitors were approved for clinical use for other cancer types, it may be possible to repurpose their combination for TNBC and IBC.
Collapse
|
29
|
Rani S, Sahoo RK, Kumar V, Chaurasiya A, Kulkarni O, Mahale A, Katke S, Kuche K, Yadav V, Jain S, Nakhate KT, Ajazuddin, Gupta U. N-2-Hydroxypropylmethacrylamide-Polycaprolactone Polymeric Micelles in Co-delivery of Proteasome Inhibitor and Polyphenol: Exploration of Synergism or Antagonism. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:524-544. [PMID: 36306447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer leads to the highest mortality among women resulting in a major clinical burden. Multidrug therapy is more efficient in such patients compared to monodrug therapy. Simultaneous combinatorial or co-delivery garnered significant interest in the past years. Caffeic acid (CFA) (a natural polyphenol) has received growing attention because of its anticarcinogenic and antioxidant potential. Bortezomib (BTZ) is a proteasome inhibitor and may be explored for treating breast cancer. Despite its high anticancer activity, the low water solubility and chemical instability restrict its efficacy against solid tumors. In the present study, we designed and investigated a HP-PCL (N-2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide-polycaprolactone) polymeric micellar (PMCs) system for the simultaneous delivery of BTZ and CFA in the treatment of breast cancer. The designed BTZ+CFA-HP-PCL PMCs were fabricated, optimized, and characterized for size, zeta potential, surface morphology, and in vitro drug release. Developed nanosized (174.6 ± 0.24 nm) PMCs showed enhanced cellular internalization and cell cytotoxicity in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels were highest in BTZ-HP-PCL PMCs, while CFA-HP-PCL PMCs significantly (p < 0.001) scavenged the ROS generated in 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay revealed intense and significant green fluorescence in both types of cancer cells when treated with BTZ-HP-PCL PMCs (p < 0.001) indicating apoptosis or cell death. The pharmacokinetic studies revealed that BTZ-HP-PCL PMCs and BTZ+CFA-HP-PCL PMCs exhibited the highest bioavailability, enhanced plasma half-life, decreased volume of distribution, and lower clearance rate than the pure combination of drugs. In the organ biodistribution studies, the combination of BTZ+CFA showed higher distribution in the spleen and the heart. Overall findings of in vitro studies surprisingly resulted in better therapeutic efficiency of BTZ-HP-PCL PMCs than BTZ+CFA-HP-PCL PMCs. However, the in vivo tumor growth inhibition study performed in tumor-induced mice concluded that the tumor growth was inhibited by both BTZ-HP-PCL PMCs and BTZ+CFA-HP-PCL PMCs (p < 0.0001) more efficiently than pure BTZ and the combination (BTZ+CFA), which may be due to the conversion of boronate ester into boronic acid. Henceforth, the combination of BTZ and CFA provides further indications to be explored in the future to support the hypothesis that BTZ may work with polyphenol (CFA) in the acidic environment of the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Rani
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan305817, India
| | - Rakesh K Sahoo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan305817, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan305817, India
| | - Akash Chaurasiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana500078, India
| | - Onkar Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana500078, India
| | - Ashutosh Mahale
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana500078, India
| | - Sumeet Katke
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana500078, India
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab160062, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab160062, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab160062, India
| | - Kartik T Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra424001, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh490024, India
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan305817, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yousefnezhad M, Davaran S, Babazadeh M, Akbarzadeh A, Pazoki-Toroudi H. PCL-based nanoparticles for doxorubicin-ezetimibe co-delivery: A combination therapy for prostate cancer using a drug repurposing strategy. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 13:241-253. [PMID: 37431480 PMCID: PMC10329752 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.24252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug repurposing is an effective strategy for identifying the use of approved drugs for new therapeutic purposes. This strategy has received particular attention in the development of cancer chemotherapy. Considering that a growing body of evidence suggesting the cholesterol-lowering drug ezetimibe (EZ) may prevent the progression of prostate cancer, we investigated the effect of EZ alone and in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) on prostate cancer treatment. METHODS In this study, DOX and EZ were encapsulated within a PCL-based biodegradable nanoparticle. The physicochemical properties of drug containing nanoparticle based on PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymer (PCEC) have been exactly determined. The encapsulation efficiency and release behavior of DOX and EZ were also studied at two different pHs and temperatures. RESULTS The average size of nanoparticles (NPs) observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was around 82±23.80 nm, 59.7±18.7 nm, and 67.6±23.8 nm for EZ@PCEC, DOX@PCEC, and DOX+EZ@PCEC NPs, respectively, which had a spherical morphology. In addition, DLS measurement showed a monomodal size distribution of around 319.9, 166.8, and 203 nm hydrodynamic diameters and negative zeta potential (-30.3, -6.14, and -43.8) mV for EZ@PCEC, DOX@PCEC, and DOX+EZ@PCEC NPs, respectively. The drugs were released from the NPs sustainably in a pH and temperature-dependent manner. Based on the MTT assay results, PCEC copolymer exhibited negligible cytotoxicity on the PC3 cell line. Therefore, PCEC was a biocompatible and suitable nano-vehicle for this study. The cytotoxicity of the DOX-EZ-loaded NPs on the PC3 cell line was higher than that of NPs loaded with single drugs. All the data confirmed the synergistic effect of EZ in combination with DOX as an anticancer drug. Furthermore, fluorescent microscopy and DAPI staining were performed to show the cellular uptake, and morphological changes-induced apoptosis of treated cells. CONCLUSION Overall, the data from the experiments represented the successful preparation of the nanocarriers with high encapsulation efficacy. The designed nanocarriers could serve as an ideal candidate for combination therapy of cancer. The results corroborated each other and presented successful EZ and DOX formulations containing PCEC NPs and their efficiency in treating prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yousefnezhad
- Department of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mirzaagha Babazadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Iqubal MK, Kaur H, Md S, Alhakamy NA, Iqubal A, Ali J, Baboota S. A technical note on emerging combination approach involved in the onconanotherapeutics. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:3197-3212. [PMID: 36226570 PMCID: PMC9578464 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2132018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide, and the currently available conventional treatment approach is associated with serious side effects and poor clinical outcomes. Based on the outcome of the exploratory preclinical and clinical studies, it was found that therapeutic response increases multiple folds when anticancer drugs are used in combination. However, the conventional combination of anticancer drugs was associated with various limitations such as increased cost of treatment, systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and reduced pharmacokinetic attributes. Hence, attempts were made to formulate nanocarrier fabricated combinatorial drugs (NFCDs) to effectively manage and treat cancer. This approach offers several advantages, such as improved stability, lower drug exposure, targeted drug delivery, low side effects, and improved clinical outcome. Hence, in this review, first time, we have discussed the recent advancement and various types of nano carrier-based combinatorial drug delivery systems in a different type of cancer and highlighted the personalized combinatorial theranostic medicine as a futuristic anticancer treatment approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Product Development Department, Sentiss Research Centre, Sentiss Pharma Pvt Ltd, Gurugram, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Velayutham M, Haridevamuthu B, Elsadek MF, Rizwana H, Juliet A, Karuppiah KM, Arockiaraj J. S-adenosylmethionine synthase-derived GR15 peptide suppresses proliferation of breast cancer cells by upregulating the caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway: In vitro and in silico analyses. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:102354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
|
33
|
Duarte D, Guerreiro I, Vale N. Novel Strategies for Cancer Combat: Drug Combination Using Repurposed Drugs Induces Synergistic Growth Inhibition of MCF-7 Breast and HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4930-4949. [PMID: 36286050 PMCID: PMC9601176 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group developed a new model of drug combination consisting of the use of antineoplastic drugs and different repurposed drugs, having demonstrated that antimalarial and central nervous system (CNS) drugs have a promising anticancer profile as standalone agents, as well as in combined regimens. Here, we evaluated the anticancer profiles of two different CNS drugs (edaravone and quetiapine), both alone and in combination with antineoplastic agents for breast and colon cancer, to explore whether these repurposed drugs could synergistically enhance the anticancer potential of chemotherapeutic drugs. We also developed a new model of combination using two repurposed drugs, to explore whether this model of combination could also be suitable for application in breast and colon cancer therapy. MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cells were incubated for 48 h with each individual drug (0.01–100 µM) to determine their IC50. Cells were then treated with the IC50 value for doxorubicin or paclitaxel (MCF-7) or 5-fluorouracil (HT-29) and combined with increasing concentrations of edaravone or quetiapine for 48 h. Both cell lines were also treated with a combination of two antimalarial drugs (mefloquine and pyronaridine) or two CNS drugs (fluphenazine and sertraline) for 48 h. We found that the use of quetiapine in combined therapies seems to synergistically enhance the anticancer activity of doxorubicin for the management of breast cancer. Both CNS drugs significantly improved the cytotoxic potential of 5-fluorouracil in HT-29 cells, with quetiapine synergistically interacting with the antineoplastic drug in this drug combination. Regarding the combination of repurposed drugs, only found one synergic combination regimen (sertraline IC50 plus variable concentrations of fluphenazine) with anticancer potential against HT-29 colon cancer cells was found. Taken together, these results suggest that quetiapine and edaravone can be used as adjuvant agents in chemotherapy for colon cancer. It was also found that the combination of repurposed drugs, specifically the CNS drugs sertraline and fluphenazine, may have an interesting profile for application in colon cancer novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Duarte
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Guerreiro
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426537
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The Current State of the Art in PARP Inhibitor-Based Delivery Nanosystems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081647. [PMID: 36015275 PMCID: PMC9413625 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]–ribose) polymerases inhibitors (PARPi), the first clinically approved drug that exhibits synthetic lethality, are moving to the forefront of cancer treatments. Currently, the oral bioavailability of PARPi is quite low; thus, it is a major challenge to effectively and safely deliver PARPi during clinical cancer therapy. Nanotechnology has greatly advanced the development of drug delivery. Based on the basic characteristics and various forms of nanoparticles, drug delivery systems can prolong the time that drugs circulate, realize the controlled release of drugs, provide drugs with an active targeting ability, and spatiotemporally present combination treatment. Furthermore, nanosystems may not only enhance drug efficiency but also reduce adverse side effects. This review focuses on strategies involving nanoparticle-based delivery for PARPi, including single administration and codelivery with other agents. We believe that nanosystems have great potential in advancing PARPi efficacy for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
35
|
Gao Z, Ding P, Xu R. KG-Predict: A knowledge graph computational framework for drug repurposing. J Biomed Inform 2022; 132:104133. [PMID: 35840060 PMCID: PMC9595135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of large-scale phenotypic, genetic, and other multi-model biochemical data has offered unprecedented opportunities for drug discovery including drug repurposing. Various knowledge graph-based methods have been developed to integrate and analyze complex and heterogeneous data sources to find new therapeutic applications for existing drugs. However, existing methods have limitations in modeling and capturing context-sensitive inter-relationships among tens of thousands of biomedical entities. In this paper, we developed KG-Predict: a knowledge graph computational framework for drug repurposing. We first integrated multiple types of entities and relations from various genotypic and phenotypic databases to construct a knowledge graph termed GP-KG. GP-KG was composed of 1,246,726 associations between 61,146 entities. KG-Predict then aggregated the heterogeneous topological and semantic information from GP-KG to learn low-dimensional representations of entities and relations, and further utilized these representations to infer new drug-disease interactions. In cross-validation experiments, KG-Predict achieved high performances [AUROC (the area under receiver operating characteristic) = 0.981, AUPR (the area under precision-recall) = 0.409 and MRR (the mean reciprocal rank) = 0.261], outperforming other state-of-art graph embedding methods. We applied KG-Predict in identifying novel repositioned candidate drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and showed that KG-Predict prioritized both FDA-approved and active clinical trial anti-AD drugs among the top (AUROC = 0.868 and AUPR = 0.364).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Gao
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106 OH, USA.
| | - Pingjian Ding
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106 OH, USA.
| | - Rong Xu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106 OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Anti-invasive effects of minoxidil on human breast cancer cells: combination with ranolazine. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:679-689. [PMID: 35643818 PMCID: PMC9338910 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of ion channels have been shown to be involved systemically in the pathophysiology of cancer and ion channel blockers can produce anti-metastatic effects. However, although ion channels are known to frequently function in concerted action, little is known about possible combined effects of ion channel modulators on metastatic cell behaviour. Here, we investigated functional consequences of pharmacologically modulating ATP-gated potassium (KATP) channel and voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) activities individually and in combination. Two triple-negative human breast cancer cell lines were used: MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, the latter mainly for comparison. Most experiments were carried out on hypoxic cells. Electrophysiological effects were studied by whole-cell patch clamp recording. Minoxidil (a KATP channel opener) and ranolazine (a blocker of the VGSC persistent current) had no effect on cell viability and proliferation, alone or in combination. In contrast, invasion was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner by clinical concentrations of minoxidil and ranolazine. Combining the two drugs produced significant additive effects at concentrations as low as 0.625 μM ranolazine and 2.5 μM minoxidil. Electrophysiologically, acute application of minoxidil shifted VGSC steady-state inactivation to more hyperpolarised potentials and slowed recovery from inactivation, consistent with inhibition of VGSC activation. We concluded (i) that clinically relevant doses of minoxidil and ranolazine individually could inhibit cellular invasiveness dose dependently and (ii) that their combination was additionally effective. Accordingly, ranolazine, minoxidil and their combination may be repurposed as novel anti-metastatic agents.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ibrahim A, Khalil IA, El-Sherbiny IM. Development and evaluation of core-shell nanocarrier system for enhancing the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin/ metformin combination against breast cancer cell line. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2581-2591. [PMID: 35613685 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most invasive and life-threatening cancer in women. The treatment options are usually a combination of mastectomy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. As a standard practice, doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the commonly used drugs for breast cancer treatment. However, DOX is known to have many harmful adverse effects including its cardiotoxicity. Hence, recent reports used metformin (MET), an anti-diabetic drug, as an adjuvant therapy to decrease the severity of DOX's adverse effects and to improve its ultimate therapeutic outcome. The current study is aimed at co-loading and enhancing the encapsulation efficiency of the hydrophilic DOX and MET in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocapsules (NCs) with oil core for breast cancer treatment. The NCs were developed by single emulsification-solvent diffusion technique, and were optimized through using two types of oils, pluronics and PLGA (50:50) of different molecular weights followed by various physicochemical characterizations. The obtained DOX/MET-loaded NCs showed the size and polydispersity index (PDI) of 203.0 ± 3.4 nm and 0.081 ± 0.03, respectively with a surface charge of -2.15 ± 0.2 mV. The entrapment efficiency of DOX and MET were about 93.7% ± 2.9 and 70% ± 1.6, respectively. The developed PLGA core-shell NCs successfully sustained the DOX/MET release for more than 30 days. The in-vitro results showed a significant enhancement in DOX cytotoxic effect as well as a duplication in its apoptotic effect upon addition of MET for both free DOX/MET combination and DOX/MET-loaded PLGA NCs against MCF-7. Besides, flow cytometry demonstrated that the DOX/MET-loaded NCs possess their antitumor effect by preventing DNA replication and cell division. This study provides a promising facile, rapid and reproducible single emulsification-solvent diffusion technique for improving the encapsulation and release of hydrophilic drugs in nanocapsules for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Ibrahim
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Islam A Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October, Giza 12582, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, 12578, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Anticancer therapeutic potential of 5-fluorouracil and nisin co-loaded chitosan coated silver nanoparticles against murine skin cancer. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
39
|
Engin S, Barut EN, Yaşar YK, Soysal AÇ, Arıcı T, Kerimoğlu G, Kadıoğlu M, Sezen SF. Trimetazidine attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis by inhibiting TLR4-mediated NFκB signaling in mice. Life Sci 2022; 301:120590. [PMID: 35504331 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced cystitis is a challenging clinical problem involving inflammation and dysfunction of bladder. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is an anti-anginal drug with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of TMZ in CP-induced cystitis via inhibiting TLR4/NFκB signaling. MAIN METHODS Balb/c mice were administrated TMZ (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 5 consecutive days before CP. On day 6, cystitis was induced by a single dose of CP (300 mg/kg, i.p.). Mesna (2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium; 30 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 20 min before and at 4 and 8 h after the CP injection. After 24 h of cystitis induction, the bladders were removed for histopathological evaluation, contractility studies, biochemical analysis and western blotting. MTT assay was performed in a cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) to evaluate the effect of TMZ on the cytotoxicity of CP. KEY FINDINGS CP-induced severe cystitis was confirmed by histological disturbances and the decrease in carbachol-evoked contractions of detrusor strips, which was partially improved by TMZ (20 mg/kg/day). SOD activity and GSH content were decreased whereas TNF-α and IL-1β levels were increased in the bladders of CP-treated mice, which were restored by TMZ or mesna. TMZ reduced the CP-induced increase in the protein expressions of caspase-3, TLR4 and phosphorylated-NFκB in bladder tissues. TMZ alone decreased the cell viability and TMZ also enhanced the cytotoxicity of CP. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides the first preclinical evidence that TMZ attenuates CP-induced urotoxicity by enhancing anti-oxidant capacity and suppressing inflammation possibly via downregulating TLR4-mediated NFκB signaling while augmenting the cytotoxicity of CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seçkin Engin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye.
| | - Elif Nur Barut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Yeşim Kaya Yaşar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye; Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Aysun Çelik Soysal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkiye
| | - Tuğba Arıcı
- Başaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Gökçen Kerimoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Mine Kadıoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Sena F Sezen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye; Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Patel M, Prabhu A. Smart nanocomposite assemblies for multimodal cancer theranostics. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121697. [PMID: 35337903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite great strides in anticancer research, performance statistics of current treatment modalities remain dismal, highlighting the need for safe, efficacious strategies for tumour mitigation. Non-invasive fusion technology platforms combining photodynamic, photothermal and hyperthermia therapies have emerged as alternate strategies with potential to meet many of the unmet clinical demands in the domain of cancer. These therapies make use of metallic and magnetic nanoparticles with light absorbing properties, which are manipulated to generate either reactive cytotoxic oxygen species or heat for tumour ablation. Combination therapies integrating light, heat and magnetism-mediated nanoplatforms with the conventional approaches of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are emerging as precision medicine for targeted interventions against cancer. This article aims to compile recent developments of advanced nanocomposite assemblies that integrate multimodal therapeutics for cancer treatment. Amalgamation of various effective, non-invasive technological platforms such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) have tremendous potential in presenting safe and efficacious solutions to the formidable challenges in cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manshi Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Arati Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Drug repurposing of adapalene for melanoma treatment. Pharm Pat Anal 2022; 11:9-14. [PMID: 35168402 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer drug repurposing is an attractive approach that leads to savings in time and investment. Adapalene, the first medical application of which was for the treatment of acne, has been described as a repurposing drug for the treatment of various types of cancer. Patent application CN111329851 describes the use of adapalene for the treatment of melanoma, by assays carried out on melanoma cell lines. Adapalene demonstrated antiproliferative activity in melanoma cell lines via S-phase arrest-dependent apoptosis mediated by DNA damage through an increase in the expression of p-ATM and p-chk2 and a decrease in the expression of p-BRCA1 and Rad51. Even though no evidence on efficacy and efficiency is shown in preclinical and clinical studies, CN111329851 patent shows that adapalene may be a repurposing drug for the treatment of melanoma.
Collapse
|
42
|
A Nanosized Codelivery System Based on Intracellular Stimuli-Triggered Dual-Drug Release for Multilevel Chemotherapy Amplification in Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020422. [PMID: 35214154 PMCID: PMC8878749 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lacking nano-systems for precisely codelivering the chemotherapeutics paclitaxel (PTX) and the natural P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor, quercetin (QU), into cancer cells and controlling their intracellular release extremely decreased the anticancer effects in multidrug resistant (MDR) tumors. To overcome this hurdle, we constructed hybrid polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) which consist of redox-sensitive PTX/polyethyleneimine-tocopherol hydrogen succinate-dithioglycollic acid PNPs and pH-sensitive hyaluronic acid-QU conjugates. The obtained hybrid PNPs can be internalized into drug-resistant breast cancer cells by the hyaluronic acid/CD44-mediated endocytosis pathway and escape from the lysosome through the “proton sponge effect”. Under the trigger of intracellular stimuli, the nanoplatform used the pH/glutathione dual-sensitive disassembly to release QU and PTX. The PTX diffused into microtubules to induce tumor cell apoptosis, while QU promoted PTX retention by down-regulating P-gp expression. Moreover, tocopherol hydrogen succinate and QU disturbed mitochondrial functions by generating excessive reactive oxygen species, decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential, and releasing cytochrome c into the cytosol which consequently achieved intracellular multilevel chemotherapy amplification in MDR cancers. Importantly, the PNPs substantially suppressed tumors growth with an average volume 2.54-fold lower than that of the control group in the MCF-7/ADR tumor-bearing nude mice model. These presented PNPs would provide a valuable reference for the coadministration of natural compounds and anticarcinogens for satisfactory combination therapy in MDR cancers.
Collapse
|
43
|
Pereira M, Vale N. Two Possible Strategies for Drug Modification of Gemcitabine and Future Contributions to Personalized Medicine. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010291. [PMID: 35011522 PMCID: PMC8746447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is an emerging strategy, which uses already approved drugs for new medical indications. One such drug is gemcitabine, an anticancer drug that only works at high doses since a portion is deactivated in the serum, which causes toxicity. In this review, two methods were discussed that could improve the anticancer effect of gemcitabine. The first is a chemical modification by conjugation with cell-penetrating peptides, namely penetratin, pVEC, and different kinds of CPP6, which mostly all showed an increased anticancer effect. The other method is combining gemcitabine with repurposed drugs, namely itraconazole, which also showed great cancer cell inhibition growth. Besides these two strategies, physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK models) are also the key for predicting drug distribution based on physiological data, which is very important for personalized medicine, so that the correct drug and dosage regimen can be administered according to each patient’s physiology. Taking all of this into consideration, it is believed that gemcitabine can be repurposed to have better anticancer effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pereira
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220-426-537
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen G, Liu W, Yan B. Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cell Spheroid Culture for Drug Discovery and Development. JOURNAL OF CANCER THERAPY 2022; 13:117-130. [PMID: 36311820 PMCID: PMC9611733 DOI: 10.4236/jct.2022.133009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro 3D cancer spheroids (tumoroids) exhibit a drug resistance profile similar to that found in solid tumors. 3D spheroid culture methods recreate more physiologically relevant microenvironments for cells. Therefore, these models are more appropriate for cancer drug screening. We have recently developed a protocol for MCF-7 cell spheroid culture, and used this method to test the effects of different types of drugs on this estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell spheroid. Our results demonstrated that MCF-7 cells can grow spheroid in medium using a low attachment plate. We managed to grow one spheroid in each well, and the spheroid can grow over a month, the size of the spheroid can grow over a hundred times in volume. Our targeted drug experimental results suggest that estrogen sulfotransferase, steroid sulfatase, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor may play critical roles in MCF-7 cell spheroid growth, while estrogen receptors α and β may not play an essential role in MCF-7 spheroid growth. Organoids are the miniatures of in vivo tissues and reiterate the in vivo microenvironment of a specific organ, best fit for the in vitro studies of diseases and drug development. Tumoroid, developed from cancer cell lines or patients’ tumor tissue, is the best in vitro model of in vivo tumors. 3D spheroid technology will be the best future method for drug development of cancers and other diseases. Our reported method can be developed clinically to develop personalized drugs when the patient’s tumor tissues are used to develop a spheroid culture for drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
- ,
| | - William Liu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- ,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li M, Li Y, Li S, Jia L, Du C, Li M, Li S, Galons H, Guo N, Yu P. Co-delivery of F7 and crizotinib by thermosensitive liposome for breast cancer treatment. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:265-275. [PMID: 34904521 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2021.2001499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to enhance the targeting efficiency and reduce the side effects and drug resistance, crizotinib (Cri) and F7 were co-loaded in a thermosensitive liposome (TSL) (F7-Cri-TSL), which showed enhanced permeability and retention in breast cancer model, as well as local controlled release by external hyperthermia. Cri is an inhibitor for cell proliferation and a promoter of apoptosis, by inhibiting the phosphorylation of intracellular ALK and c-Met, but its drug resistance limits its application. F7 is a novel drug candidate with significant resistance to cyclin-dependent kinase, but its use was restricted by its high toxicity. The F7-Cri-TSL was found with excellent particle size (about 108 nm), high entrapment efficiency (>95%), significant thermosensitive property, and good stability. Furthermore, F7-Cri-TSL/H had strongest cell lethality compared with other formulations. On the MCF-7 xenograft mice model, the F7-Cri-TSL also exhibited therapeutic synergism of Cri, F7 and hyperthermia. Meanwhile, it was shown that the TSL reduced the systemic toxicity of the chemotherapy drug. Therefore, the F7-Cri-TSL may serve as a promising system for temperature triggered breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Li
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Li
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqin Li
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Jia
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyang Du
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Li
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, China
| | - Hervé Galons
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, China.,Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Paris, France
| | - Na Guo
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Malik JA, Ahmed S, Jan B, Bender O, Al Hagbani T, Alqarni A, Anwar S. Drugs repurposed: An advanced step towards the treatment of breast cancer and associated challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112375. [PMID: 34863612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is mostly observed in women and is responsible for huge mortality in women subjects globally. Due to the continued development of drug resistance and other contributing factors, the scientific community needs to look for new alternatives, and drug repurposing is one of the best opportunities. Here we light upon the drug repurposing with a major focus on breast cancer. BC is a division of cancer known as the leading cause of death of 2.3 million women globally, with 685,000 fatalities. This number is steadily rising, necessitating the development of a treatment that can extend survival time. All available treatments for BC are very costly as well as show side effects. This unfulfilled requirement of the anti-cancer drugs ignited an enthusiasm for drug repositioning, which means finding out the anti-cancer use of already marketed drugs for other complications. With the advancement in proteomics, genomics, and computational approaches, the drug repurposing process hastens. So many drugs are repurposed for the BC, including alkylating agents, antimetabolite, anthracyclines, an aromatase inhibitor, mTOR, and many more. The drug resistance in breast cancer is rising, so reviewing how the challenges in breast cancer can be combated with drug repurposing. This paper provides the updated information on all the repurposed drugs candidates for breast cancer with the molecular mechanism responsible for their anti-tumor activity. Additionally, all the challenges that occur during the repurposing of the drugs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India; Department of Biomedical engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India
| | - Bisma Jan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Onur Bender
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turki Al Hagbani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aali Alqarni
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology unit, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|