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Thai BS, Chia LY, Nguyen ATN, Qin C, Ritchie RH, Hutchinson DS, Kompa A, White PJ, May LT. Targeting G protein-coupled receptors for heart failure treatment. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2270-2286. [PMID: 37095602 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current treatment for patients with heart failure include drugs targeting G protein-coupled receptors such as β-adrenoceptor antagonists (β-blockers) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (or angiotensin II receptor blockers). However, many patients progress to advanced heart failure with persistent symptoms, despite treatment with available therapeutics that have been shown to reduce mortality and mortality. GPCR targets currently being explored for the development of novel heart failure therapeutics include adenosine receptor, formyl peptide receptor, relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor, vasopressin receptor, endothelin receptor and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. Many GPCR drug candidates are limited by insufficient efficacy and/or dose-limiting unwanted effects. Understanding the current challenges hindering successful clinical translation and the potential to overcome existing limitations will facilitate the future development of novel heart failure therapeutics. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui San Thai
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ling Yeong Chia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anh T N Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chengxue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Kompa
- Department Medicine and Radiology, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Bessa-Gonçalves M, Bragança B, Martins-Dias E, Vinhas A, Certal M, Rodrigues T, Ferreirinha F, Costa MA, Correia-de-Sá P, Fontes-Sousa AP. Blockage of the adenosine A 2B receptor prevents cardiac fibroblasts overgrowth in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:163-179. [PMID: 37402944 PMCID: PMC10997572 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained pressure overload and fibrosis of the right ventricle (RV) are the leading causes of mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Although the role of adenosine in PAH has been attributed to the control of pulmonary vascular tone, cardiac reserve, and inflammatory processes, the involvement of the nucleoside in RV remodelling remains poorly understood. Conflicting results exist on targeting the low-affinity adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) for the treatment of PAH mostly because it displays dual roles in acute vs. chronic lung diseases. Herein, we investigated the role of the A2BAR in the viability/proliferation and collagen production by cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) isolated from RVs of rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. CFs from MCT-treated rats display higher cell viability/proliferation capacity and overexpress A2BAR compared to the cells from healthy littermates. The enzymatically stable adenosine analogue, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA, 1-30 μM), concentration-dependently increased growth, and type I collagen production by CFs originated from control and PAH rats, but its effects were more prominent in cells from rats with PAH. Blockage of the A2BAR with PSB603 (100 nM), but not of the A2AAR with SCH442416 (100 nM), attenuated the proliferative effect of NECA in CFs from PAH rats. The A2AAR agonist, CGS21680 (3 and 10 nM), was virtually devoid of effect. Overall, data suggest that adenosine signalling via A2BAR may contribute to RV overgrowth secondary to PAH. Therefore, blockage of the A2AAR may be a valuable therapeutic alternative to mitigate cardiac remodelling and prevent right heart failure in PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Bessa-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Bragança
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Martins-Dias
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana Vinhas
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Certal
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ferreirinha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Adelina Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Patrícia Fontes-Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, Pacher P, Haskó G. Adenosine signaling as target in cardiovascular pharmacology. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 71:102393. [PMID: 37450948 PMCID: PMC10527223 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrated the relevance of adenosine system in the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, myocardial infarct, ischemia, hypertension, heart failure, and atherosclerosis. In this regard, intense research efforts are being focused on the characterization of the pathophysiological significance of adenosine, acting at its membrane receptors named A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors, in cardiovascular diseases. The present review article provides an integrated and comprehensive overview about current clinical and pre-clinical evidence about the role of adenosine in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Particular attention has been focused on current scientific evidence about the pharmacological ligands acting on adenosine pathway as useful tools to manage cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- The Institution is Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- The Institution is Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Yu Z, Ling Y, Xu Q, Cao Y, Tang S, Fu C. Blocking the A 2B adenosine receptor alleviates myocardial damage by inhibiting spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation after acute myocardial infarction. Ann Med 2022; 54:1616-1626. [PMID: 35675334 PMCID: PMC9186371 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2084153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) mobilisation is an important immune event in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) plays key role in regulating MDSC function, but its specific involvement in MDSC mobilisation in AMI remains unclear. METHODS In AMI patients, the circulating MDSC ratio and A2BAR mRNA expression were measured. A mouse AMI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) ligation. MDSCs were analysed by FACS and immunofluorescence staining (of heart tissue). A2BAR mRNA expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Myocardial injury was detected by HE staining. Myocardial cell apoptosis was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Cardiac systolic function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS In AMI patients, the circulating MDSC ratio was increased and positively correlated with A2BAR mRNA expression (r = 0.86, p < 0.01). In AMI model mice, the percentage of MDSCs was increased in the circulation and infarcted heart and decreased in the spleen. MRS-1754-mediated A2BAR inhibition decreased the MDSC ratio in the circulation and infarcted heart and prevented the decrease in MDSC number in the spleens of mice with AMI. A2BAR blockade inhibited myocardial cell apoptosis, alleviated myocardial inflammatory injury, and improved myocardial systolic function in the AMI mouse model. Similar results were found in mice after splenectomy. Additionally, spleen-derived MDSC injection increased the MDSC ratio in the infarcted heart, increased myocardial cell apoptosis, aggravated myocardial injury, and decreased cardiac systolic function in mice with AMI. CONCLUSION Blocking A2BAR alleviates myocardial damage and improves myocardial systolic function through inhibition of spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation after AMI. Key MessagesSpleen-derived MDSC mobilisation aggravates myocardial inflammatory injury within 24 h of AMI.A2BAR promotes spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation within 24 h of AMI.Blocking A2BAR improves myocardial systolic function through inhibition of spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongying Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China.,Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center of Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Ling
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Qiancheng Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhan Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wan Nan Medical College), Anhui, China
| | - Shengxing Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China.,Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center of Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wan Nan Medical College), Anhui, China
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5
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Adenosine and Adenosine Receptors: Advances in Atrial Fibrillation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112963. [PMID: 36428533 PMCID: PMC9687155 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in the world. Because the key to developing innovative therapies that limit the onset and the progression of AF is to fully understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of AF, the aim of the present narrative review is to report the most recent advances in the potential role of the adenosinergic system in the pathophysiology of AF. After a comprehensive approach describing adenosinergic system signaling and the mechanisms of the initiation and maintenance of AF, we address the interactions of the adenosinergic system's signaling with AF. Indeed, adenosine release can activate four G-coupled membrane receptors, named A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Activation of the A2A receptors can promote the occurrence of delayed depolarization, while activation of the A1 receptors can shorten the action potential's duration and induce the resting membrane's potential hyperpolarization, which promote pulmonary vein firing, stabilize the AF rotors and allow for functional reentry. Moreover, the A2B receptors have been associated with atrial fibrosis homeostasis. Finally, the adenosinergic system can modulate the autonomous nervous system and is associated with AF risk factors. A question remains regarding adenosine release and the adenosine receptors' activation and whether this would be a cause or consequence of AF.
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6
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Zhang H, Ren L, Shivnaraine RV. Targeting GPCRs to treat cardiac fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1011176. [PMID: 36277752 PMCID: PMC9582444 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1011176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis occurs ubiquitously in ischemic heart failure, genetic cardiomyopathies, diabetes mellitus, and aging. It triggers myocardial stiffness, which impairs cardiac function, ultimately progressing to end-stage heart failure and increased mortality. Although several targets for anti-fibrotic therapies have been identified, including TGF-β and receptor tyrosine kinase, there is currently no FDA-approved drug specifically targeting cardiac fibrosis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral, multipass membrane-bound receptors that exhibit diverse and cell-specific expression, offering novel and unrealized therapeutic targets for cardiac fibrosis. This review highlights the emerging roles of several GPCRs and briefly explores their downstream pathways that are crucial in cardiac fibrosis. We will not only provide an overview of the GPCRs expressed on cardiac fibroblasts that are directly involved in myofibroblast activation but also describe those GPCRs which contribute to cardiac fibrosis via indirect crosstalk mechanisms. We also discuss the challenges of identifying novel effective therapies for cardiac fibrosis and offer strategies to circumvent these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Hao Zhang
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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7
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Wragg ES, Pannucci P, Hill SJ, Woolard J, Cooper SL. Involvement of β-adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular responses induced by selective adenosine A 2A and A 2B receptor agonists. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00975. [PMID: 35643970 PMCID: PMC9148549 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A2A and A2B adenosine receptors produce regionally selective regulation of vascular tone and elicit differing effects on mean arterial pressure (MAP), whilst inducing tachycardia. The tachycardia induced by the stimulation of A2A or A2B receptors has been suggested to be mediated by a reflex increase in sympathetic activity. Here, we have investigated the role of β1 - and β2 -adrenoceptors in mediating the different cardiovascular responses to selective A2A and A2B receptor stimulation. Hemodynamic variables were measured in conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-450 g) via pulsed Doppler flowmetry. The effect of intravenous infusion (3 min per dose) of the A2A -selective agonist CGS 21680 (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 µg.kg-1 .min-1 ) or the A2B -selective agonist BAY 60-6583 (4.0, 13.3, 40.0 µg.kg-1 .min-1 ) in the absence or following pre-treatment with the non-selective β-antagonist propranolol (1.0 mg.kg-1 ), the selective β1 -antagonist CGP 20712A (200 µg.kg-1 ), or the selective β2 -antagonist ICI 118,551 (2.0 mg.kg-1 ) was investigated (maintenance doses also administered). CGP 20712A and propranolol significantly reduced the tachycardic response to CGS 21680, with no change in the effect on MAP. ICI 118,551 increased BAY 60-6583-mediated renal and mesenteric flows, but did not affect the heart rate response. CGP 20712A attenuated the BAY 60-6583-induced tachycardia. These data imply a direct stimulation of the sympathetic activity via cardiac β1 -adrenoceptors as a mechanism for the A2A - and A2B -induced tachycardia. However, the regionally selective effects of A2B agonists on vascular conductance were independent of sympathetic activity and may be exploitable for the treatment of acute kidney injury and mesenteric ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Wragg
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Patrizia Pannucci
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Samantha L Cooper
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
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Adenosine, Adenosine Receptors and Neurohumoral Syncope: From Molecular Basis to Personalized Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051127. [PMID: 35625864 PMCID: PMC9138351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside that is implicated in the occurrence of clinical manifestations of neuro-humoral syncope (NHS). NHS is characterized by a drop in blood pressure due to vasodepression together with cardio inhibition. These manifestations are often preceded by prodromes such as headaches, abdominal pain, feeling of discomfort or sweating. There is evidence that adenosine is implicated in NHS. Adenosine acts via four subtypes of receptors, named A1 (A1R), A2A (A2AR), A2B (A2BR) and A3 (A3R) receptors, with all subtypes belonging to G protein membrane receptors. The main effects of adenosine on the cardiovascular system occurs via the modulation of potassium ion channels (IK Ado, K ATP), voltage-gate calcium channels and via cAMP production inhibition (A1R and A3R) or, conversely, through the increased production of cAMP (A2A/BR) in target cells. However, it turns out that adenosine, via the activation of A1R, leads to bradycardia, sinus arrest or atrioventricular block, while the activation of A2AR leads to vasodilation; these same manifestations are found during episodes of syncope. The use of adenosine receptor antagonists, such as theophylline or caffeine, should be useful in the treatment of some forms of NHS. The aim of this review was to summarize the main data regarding the link between the adenosinergic system and NHS and the possible consequences on NHS treatment by means of adenosine receptor antagonists.
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Maille B, Fromonot J, Guiol C, Marlinge M, Baptiste F, Lim S, Colombani C, Chaptal MC, Chefrour M, Gastaldi M, Franceschi F, Deharo JC, Gariboldi V, Ruf J, Mottola G, Guieu R. A 2 Adenosine Receptor Subtypes Overproduction in Atria of Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Pilot Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:761164. [PMID: 34805317 PMCID: PMC8595247 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.761164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia in humans, the mechanism that leads to the onset of this condition is poorly elucidated. Adenosine is suspected to be implicated in the trigger of atrial fibrillation (AF) through the activation of its membrane receptors, mainly adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes A1R and A2R. In this study, we compared blood adenosine concentration (BAC), and A1R, A2AR, and A2BR production in right (RA) and left atrium (LA), and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with underlying structural heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery with or without peri-operative AF (PeOpAF). Methods: The study group consisted of 39 patients (30 men and 9 women, mean age, range 65 [40–82] years) undergoing cardiac surgery and 20 healthy patients (8 women and 12 men; mean age, range 60 [39–72] years) as controls were included. Among patients, 15 exhibited PeOpAF. Results: Blood adenosine concentration was higher in patients with PeOpAF than others. A2AR and A2BR production was higher in PBMCs of patients compared with controls and was higher in PeOpAF patients than other patients. In LA and RA, the production of A2AR and A2BR was higher in patients with PeOpAF than in other patients. Both A2AR and A2BR production were higher in LA vs. RA. A1R production was unchanged in all situations. Finally, we observed a correlation between A1R, A2AR, and A2BR production evaluated on PBMCs and those evaluated in LA and RA. Conclusions: Perioperative AF was associated with high BAC and high A2AR and A2BR expression, especially in the LA, after cardiac surgery in patients with underlying structural heart disease. Whether these increases the favor in triggering the AF in this patient population needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Maille
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Department of Cardiology, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Fromonot
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Guiol
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Marlinge
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Florian Baptiste
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Department of Cardiology, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Suzy Lim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Colombani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mohamed Chefrour
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Frederic Franceschi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Department of Cardiology, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Deharo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Department of Cardiology, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Vlad Gariboldi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Ruf
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | - Régis Guieu
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
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10
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Campos-Martins A, Bragança B, Correia-de-Sá P, Fontes-Sousa AP. Pharmacological Tuning of Adenosine Signal Nuances Underlying Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724320. [PMID: 34489711 PMCID: PMC8417789 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) roughly represents half of the cardiac failure events in developed countries. The proposed 'systemic microvascular paradigm' has been used to explain HFpHF presentation heterogeneity. The lack of effective treatments with few evidence-based therapeutic recommendations makes HFpEF one of the greatest unmet clinical necessities worldwide. The endogenous levels of the purine nucleoside, adenosine, increase significantly following cardiovascular events. Adenosine exerts cardioprotective, neuromodulatory, and immunosuppressive effects by activating plasma membrane-bound P1 receptors that are widely expressed in the cardiovascular system. Its proven benefits have been demonstrated in preclinical animal tests. Here, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date critical review about the main therapeutic advantages of tuning adenosine signalling pathways in HFpEF, without discounting their side effects and how these can be seized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrina Campos-Martins
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Bragança
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Fontes-Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
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11
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, largely associated to morbidity and mortality. Over the past decades, research in appearance and progression of this arrhythmia have turned into significant advances in its management. However, the incidence of AF continues to increase with the aging of the population and many important fundamental and translational underlaying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we review recent advances in molecular and cellular basis for AF initiation, maintenance and progression. We first provide an overview of the basic molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms that lead and characterize AF. Next, we discuss the upstream regulatory factors conducting the underlying mechanisms which drive electrical and structural AF-associated remodeling, including genetic factors (risk variants associated to AF as transcriptional regulators and genetic changes associated to AF), neurohormonal regulation (i.e., cAMP) and oxidative stress imbalance (cGMP and mitochondrial dysfunction). Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications of those findings, the knowledge gaps and consider future approaches to improve clinical management.
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12
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Procopio MC, Lauro R, Nasso C, Carerj S, Squadrito F, Bitto A, Di Bella G, Micari A, Irrera N, Costa F. Role of Adenosine and Purinergic Receptors in Myocardial Infarction: Focus on Different Signal Transduction Pathways. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020204. [PMID: 33670488 PMCID: PMC7922652 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a dramatic event often caused by atherosclerotic plaque erosion or rupture and subsequent thrombotic occlusion of a coronary vessel. The low supply of oxygen and nutrients in the infarcted area may result in cardiomyocytes necrosis, replacement of intact myocardium with non-contractile fibrous tissue and left ventricular (LV) function impairment if blood flow is not quickly restored. In this review, we summarized the possible correlation between adenosine system, purinergic system and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and their role in the pathogenesis of cardiac damage following MI. In this context, several pathways are involved and, in particular, the adenosine receptors system shows different interactions between its members and purinergic receptors: their modulation might be effective not only for a normal functional recovery but also for the treatment of heart diseases, thus avoiding fibrosis, reducing infarcted area and limiting scaring. Similarly, it has been shown that Wnt/β catenin pathway is activated following myocardial injury and its unbalanced activation might promote cardiac fibrosis and, consequently, LV systolic function impairment. In this regard, the therapeutic benefits of Wnt inhibitors use were highlighted, thus demonstrating that Wnt/β-catenin pathway might be considered as a therapeutic target to prevent adverse LV remodeling and heart failure following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Rita Lauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Nasso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Scipione Carerj
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Gianluca Di Bella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonio Micari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinic “G. Martino”, 98165 Messina, Italy;
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-3093; Fax: +39-090-221-23-81
| | - Francesco Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
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13
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Arad M, Waldman M, Abraham NG, Hochhauser E. Therapeutic approaches to diabetic cardiomyopathy: Targeting the antioxidant pathway. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 150:106454. [PMID: 32413571 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of cardiovascular disease continues unabated and remains the leading cause of death both in the US and worldwide. We hereby summarize the available therapies for diabetes and cardiovascular disease in diabetics. Clearly, the current approaches to diabetic heart disease often target the manifestations and certain mediators but not the specific pathways leading to myocardial injury, remodeling and dysfunction. Better understanding of the molecular events determining the evolution of diabetic cardiomyopathy will provide insight into the development of specific and targeted therapies. Recent studies largely increased our understanding of the role of enhanced inflammatory response, ROS production, as well as the contribution of Cyp-P450-epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1 and 20-HETE in pathophysiology and therapy of cardiovascular disease. PGC-1α increases production of the HO-1 which has a major role in protecting the heart against oxidative stress, microcirculation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review describes the potential drugs and their downstream targets, PGC-1α and HO-1, as major loci for developing therapeutic approaches beside diet and lifestyle modification for the treatment and prevention of heart disease associated with obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Maayan Waldman
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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14
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Adenosine and the Cardiovascular System: The Good and the Bad. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051366. [PMID: 32384746 PMCID: PMC7290927 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a nucleoside that impacts the cardiovascular system via the activation of its membrane receptors, named A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R. Adenosine is released during hypoxia, ischemia, beta-adrenergic stimulation or inflammation and impacts heart rhythm and produces strong vasodilation in the systemic, coronary or pulmonary vascular system. This review summarizes the main role of adenosine on the cardiovascular system in several diseases and conditions. Adenosine release participates directly in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation and neurohumoral syncope. Adenosine has a key role in the adaptive response in pulmonary hypertension and heart failure, with the most relevant effects being slowing of heart rhythm, coronary vasodilation and decreasing blood pressure. In other conditions, such as altitude or apnea-induced hypoxia, obstructive sleep apnea, or systemic hypertension, the adenosinergic system activation appears in a context of an adaptive response. Due to its short half-life, adenosine allows very rapid adaptation of the cardiovascular system. Finally, the effects of adenosine on the cardiovascular system are sometimes beneficial and other times harmful. Future research should aim to develop modulating agents of adenosine receptors to slow down or conversely amplify the adenosinergic response according to the occurrence of different pathologic conditions.
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15
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Rahmutula D, Zhang H, Wilson EE, Olgin JE. Absence of natriuretic peptide clearance receptor attenuates TGF-β1-induced selective atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:357-372. [PMID: 30239604 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims TGF-β1 plays an important role in atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation (AF); previous studies have shown that the atria are more susceptible to TGF-β1 mediated fibrosis than the ventricles. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) play an important role in cardiac remodelling and fibrosis, but the role of natriuretic peptide clearance (NPR-C) receptor is largely unknown. We investigated the role of NPR-C in modulating TGF-β1 signalling in the atria. Methods and results MHC-TGF-β1 transgenic (TGF-β1-Tx) mice, which develop isolated atrial fibrosis and AF, were cross-bred with NPR-C knock-out mice (NPR-C-KO). Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed in wild type (Wt) and NPR-C knockout mice to study. Atrial fibrosis and AF inducibility in a pathophysiologic model. Electrophysiology, molecular, and histologic studies were performed in adult mice. siRNA was used to interrogate the interaction between TGF-β1 and NP signalling pathways in isolated atrial and ventricular fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. NPR-C expression level was 17 ± 5.8-fold higher in the atria compared with the ventricle in Wt mice (P = 0.009). Cross-bred mice demonstrated markedly decreased pSmad2 and collagen expression, atrial fibrosis, and AF compared with TGF-β1-Tx mice with intact NPR-C. There was a marked reduction in atrial fibrosis gene expression and AF inducibility in the NPR-C-KO-TAC mice compared with Wt-TAC. In isolated fibroblasts, knockdown of NPR-C resulted in a marked reduction of pSmad2 (56 ± 4% and 24 ± 14% reduction in atrial and ventricular fibroblasts, respectively) and collagen (76 ± 15% and 35 ± 23% reduction in atrial and ventricular fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, respectively) in response to TGF-β1 stimulation. This effect was reversed by simultaneously knocking down NPR-A but not with simultaneous knock down of PKG-1. Conclusion The differential response to TGF-β1 stimulated fibrosis between the atria and ventricle are in part mediated by the abundance of NPR-C receptors in the atria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolkun Rahmutula
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M1182, Box 0124, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M1182, Box 0124, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily E Wilson
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M1182, Box 0124, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Olgin
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M1182, Box 0124, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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The Role of Cyclic AMP Signaling in Cardiac Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010069. [PMID: 31888098 PMCID: PMC7016856 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial stress and injury invariably promote remodeling of the cardiac tissue, which is associated with cardiomyocyte death and development of fibrosis. The fibrotic process is initially triggered by the differentiation of resident cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. These activated fibroblasts display increased proliferative capacity and secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix. Uncontrolled myofibroblast activation can thus promote heart stiffness, cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, and progression to heart failure. Despite the well-established role of myofibroblasts in mediating cardiac disease, our current knowledge on how signaling pathways promoting fibrosis are regulated and coordinated in this cell type is largely incomplete. In this respect, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling acts as a major modulator of fibrotic responses activated in fibroblasts of injured or stressed hearts. In particular, accumulating evidence now suggests that upstream cAMP modulators including G protein-coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclases (ACs), and phosphodiesterases (PDEs); downstream cAMP effectors such as protein kinase A (PKA) and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Epac; and cAMP signaling organizers such as A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) modulate a variety of fundamental cellular processes involved in myocardial fibrosis including myofibroblast differentiation, proliferation, collagen secretion, and invasiveness. The current review will discuss recent advances highlighting the role of cAMP and AKAP-mediated signaling in regulating pathophysiological responses controlling cardiac fibrosis.
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17
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Ma S, Ma J, Zhou Y, Guo L, Bai J, Zhang M. Tongguan capsule derived-herb ameliorates remodeling at infarcted border zone and reduces ventricular arrhythmias in rats after myocardial infarction. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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18
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Alter C, Ding Z, Flögel U, Scheller J, Schrader J. A2bR-dependent signaling alters immune cell composition and enhances IL-6 formation in the ischemic heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H190-H200. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00029.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the cardioprotective effect of adenosine is undisputed, the role of the adenosine A2breceptor (A2bR) in ischemic cardiac remodeling is not defined. In this study we aimed to unravel the role A2bR plays in modulating the immune response and the healing mechanisms after myocardial infarction. Genetic and pharmacological (PSB603) inactivation of A2bR as well as activation of A2bR with BAY60-6583 does not alter cardiac remodeling of the infarcted (50-min left anterior descending artery occlusion/reperfusion) murine heart. Flow cytometry of immune cell subsets identified a significant increase in B cells, NK cells, CD8 and CD4 T cells, as well as FoxP3-expressing regulatory T cells in the injured heart in A2bR-deficient mice. Analysis of T-cell function revealed that expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α by T cells is under A2bR control. In addition, we found substantial cellular heterogeneity in the response of immune cells and cardiomyocytes to A2bR deficiency: while in the absence of A2bR, expression of IL-6 was greatly reduced in cardiomyocytes and immune cells except T cells, and expression of IL-1β was strongly reduced in cardiomyocytes, granulocytes, and B cells as determined by quantitative PCR. Our findings indicate that A2bR signaling in the ischemic heart triggers substantial changes in cardiac immune cell composition of the lymphoid lineage and induces a profound cell type-specific downregulation of IL-6 and IL-1β. This suggests the presence of a targetable adenosine–A2bR–IL-6-axis triggered by adenosine formed by the ischemic heart.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Genetic deletion and pharmacological inactivation/activation of A2bR does not alter cardiac remodeling after MI but is associated by compensatory upregulation of various pro- and anti-inflammatory immune cell subsets (B cells, NK cells, CD8 and CD4 T cells, regulatory T cells). In the inflamed heart, A2bR modulates the expression of IL-2, IFNγ, TNFα in T cells and of IL-6 in cardiomyocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and B cells. This suggests an important adenosine–IL-6 axis, which is controlled by A2bR via local adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Alter
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhaoping Ding
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
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19
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Ma S, Ma J, Mai X, Zhao X, Guo L, Zhang M. Danqi soft capsule prevents infarct border zone remodelling and reduces susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in post-myocardial infarction rats. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5454-5465. [PMID: 31232519 PMCID: PMC6653321 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Danqi soft capsule (DQ) is a traditional Chinese medicine containing Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng; it is safe and efficient in treating ischaemic heart diseases. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether DQ could prevent infarct border zone (IBZ) remodelling and decrease ventricular arrhythmias occurrence in post‐myocardial infarction (MI) stage. MI was induced by a ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. DQ was administered to the post‐MI rats started from 1 week after MI surgery for 4 weeks. The results showed that DQ treatment significantly attenuated tachyarrhythmia induction rates and arrhythmia score in post‐MI rats. In echocardiography, DQ improved left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function. Histological assessment revealed that DQ significantly reduced fibrotic areas and myocyte areas, and increased connexin (Cx) 43 positive areas in IBZ. Western blot revealed that DQ treatment significantly reduced the protein expression levels of type I and III collagens, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and Smad3 phosphorylation, while increasing Cx43 amounts. Overall, these findings mainly indicated that DQ intervention regulates interstitial fibrosis, Cx43 expression and myocyte hypertrophy by TGF‐β1/Smad3 pathway in IBZ, inhibits LV remodelling and reduces vulnerability to tachyarrhythmias after MI. This study presents a proof of concept for novel antiarrhythmic strategies in preventing IBZ remodelling, modifying the healed arrhythmogenic substrate and thus reducing susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in the late post‐MI period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Mai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xujie Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liheng Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minzhou Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Jiang J, Seel CJ, Temirak A, Namasivayam V, Arridu A, Schabikowski J, Baqi Y, Hinz S, Hockemeyer J, Müller CE. A 2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonists with Picomolar Potency. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4032-4055. [PMID: 30835463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) was proposed as a novel target for the (immuno)therapy of cancer since A2BAR blockade results in antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and immunostimulatory effects. In this study, we explored the structure-activity relationships of xanthin-8-yl-benzenesulfonamides mainly by introducing a variety of linkers and substituents attached to the sulfonamide residue. A new, convergent strategy was established, which facilitated the synthesis of the target compounds. Many of the new compounds exhibited subnanomolar affinity for the A2BAR combined with high selectivity. Functional groups were introduced, which will allow the attachment of dyes and other reporter groups. 8-(4-((4-(4-Bromophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-1-propylxanthine (34, PSB-1901) was the most potent A2B-antagonist ( Ki 0.0835 nM, KB 0.0598 nM, human A2BAR) with >10 000-fold selectivity versus all other AR subtypes. It was similarly potent and selective at the mouse A2BAR, making it a promising tool for preclinical studies. Computational studies predicted halogen bonding to contribute to the outstanding potency of 34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Catharina Julia Seel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Ahmed Temirak
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Antonella Arridu
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Jakub Schabikowski
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Younis Baqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, 123 Muscat , Oman
| | - Sonja Hinz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Jörg Hockemeyer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
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21
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Vecchio EA, White PJ, May LT. The adenosine A 2B G protein-coupled receptor: Recent advances and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:20-33. [PMID: 30677476 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) is one of four adenosine receptor subtypes belonging to the Class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Until recently, the A2BAR remained poorly characterised, in part due to its relatively low affinity for the endogenous agonist adenosine and therefore presumed minor physiological significance. However, the substantial increase in extracellular adenosine concentration, the sensitisation of the receptor and the upregulation of A2BAR expression under conditions of hypoxia and inflammation, suggest the A2BAR as an exciting therapeutic target in a variety of pathological disease states. Here we discuss the pharmacology of the A2BAR and outline its role in pathophysiology including ischaemia-reperfusion injury, fibrosis, inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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22
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Qiu H, Ji C, Liu W, Wu Y, Lu Z, Lin Q, Xue Z, Liu X, Wu H, Jiang W, Zou C. Chronic Kidney Disease Increases Atrial Fibrillation Inducibility: Involvement of Inflammation, Atrial Fibrosis, and Connexins. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1726. [PMID: 30564139 PMCID: PMC6288485 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes atrial structural remodeling and subsequently increases the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Atrial connexins and inflammatory responses may be involved in this remodeling process. In this study, nephrectomy was used to produce the CKD rat model. Three months post-nephrectomy, cardiac structure, function and AF vulnerability were quantified using echocardiography and electrophysiology methods. The left atrial tissue was tested for quantification of fibrosis and inflammation, and for the distribution and expression of connexin (Cx) 40 and Cx43. An echocardiography showed that CKD resulted in the left atrial enlargement and left ventricular hypertrophy, but had no functional changes. CKD caused a significant increase in the AF inducible rate (91.11% in CKD group vs. 6.67% in sham group, P < 0.001) and the AF duration [107 (0–770) s in CKD vs. 0 (0–70) s in sham, P < 0.001] with prolonged P-wave duration. CKD induced severe interstitial fibrosis, activated the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad2/3 pathway with a massive extracellular matrix deposition of collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin, and matured the NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor) pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome with an inflammatory cascade response. CKD resulted in an increase in non-phosphorylated-Cx43, a decrease in Cx40 and phosphorylated-Cx43, and lateralized the distribution of Cx40 and Cx43 proteins with upregulations of Rac-1, connective tissue growth factor and N-cadherin. These findings implicate the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad2/3, the NLRP3 inflammasome and the connexins as potential mediators of increased AF vulnerability in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Qiu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlan Ji
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchi Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qizhan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanlin Wu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of internal medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Lasley RD. Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Cardioprotection-Current Limitations and Future Directions. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:310. [PMID: 29670529 PMCID: PMC5893789 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the seminal reports of adenosine receptor-mediated cardioprotection in the early 1990s, there have been a multitude of such reports in various species and preparations. Original observations of the beneficial effects of A1 receptor agonists have been followed up with numerous reports also implicating A2A, A3, and most recently A2B, receptor agonists as cardioprotective agents. Although adenosine has been approved for clinical use in the United States for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and coronary artery imaging, and the selective A2A agonist, regadenoson, for the latter, clinical use of adenosine receptor agonists for protecting the ischemic heart has not advanced beyond early trials. An examination of the literature indicates that existing experimental studies have several limitations in terms of clinical relevance, as well as lacking incorporation of recent new insights into adenosine receptor signaling. Such deficiencies include the lack of experimental studies in models that most closely mimic human cardiovascular disease. In addition, there have been very few studies in chronic models of myocardial ischemia, where limiting myocardial remodeling and heart failure, not reduction of infarct size, are the primary endpoints. Despite an increasing number of reports of the beneficial effects of adenosine receptor antagonists, not agonists, in chronic diseases, this idea has not been well-studied in experimental myocardial ischemia. There have also been few studies examining adenosine receptor subtype interactions as well as receptor heterodimerization. The purpose of this Perspective article is to discuss these deficiencies to highlight future directions of research in the field of adenosine receptor-mediated protection of ischemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Lasley
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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24
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Capadenoson, a clinically trialed partial adenosine A 1 receptor agonist, can stimulate adenosine A 2B receptor biased agonism. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Phosri S, Arieyawong A, Bunrukchai K, Parichatikanond W, Nishimura A, Nishida M, Mangmool S. Stimulation of Adenosine A 2B Receptor Inhibits Endothelin-1-Induced Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Synthesis Through the cAMP/Epac/PI3K/Akt-Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:428. [PMID: 28713274 PMCID: PMC5492828 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by an increase in fibroblast proliferation, overproduction of extracellular matrix proteins, and the formation of myofibroblast that express α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Overstimulation of endothelin receptors induced cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and α-SMA expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Although adenosine was shown to have cardioprotective effects, the molecular mechanisms by which adenosine A2 receptor inhibit ET-1-induced fibroblast proliferation and α-SMA expression in cardiac fibroblasts are not clearly identified. Experimental Approach: This study aimed at evaluating the mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of adenosine receptor agonist in rat cardiac fibroblast by measurement of cell proliferation, and mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA. Key results: Stimulation of adenosine subtype 2B (A2B) receptor resulted in the inhibition of ET-1-induced fibroblast proliferation, and a reduction of ET-1-induced α-SMA expression that is dependent on cAMP/Epac/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts. The data in this study confirm a critical role for Epac signaling on A2B receptor-mediated inhibition of ET-1-induced cardiac fibrosis via PI3K and Akt activation. Conclusion and Implications: This is the first work reporting a novel signaling pathway for the inhibition of ET-1-induced cardiac fibrosis mediated through the A2B receptor. Thus, A2B receptor agonists represent a promising perspective as therapeutic targets for the prevention of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawuth Phosri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | - Ajaree Arieyawong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | - Kwanchai Bunrukchai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural SciencesAichi, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural SciencesAichi, Japan.,Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyKawaguchi, Japan
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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26
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Vecchio EA, White PJ, May LT. Targeting Adenosine Receptors for the Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:243. [PMID: 28529484 PMCID: PMC5418340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous molecule with key regulatory and cytoprotective mechanisms at times of metabolic imbalance in the body. Among a plethora of physiological actions, adenosine has an important role in attenuating ischaemia-reperfusion injury and modulating the ensuing fibrosis and tissue remodeling following myocardial damage. Adenosine exerts these actions through interaction with four adenosine G protein-coupled receptors expressed in the heart. The adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) is the most abundant adenosine receptor (AR) in cardiac fibroblasts and is largely responsible for the influence of adenosine on cardiac fibrosis. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that acute A2BAR stimulation can decrease fibrosis through the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and reduction in collagen synthesis. However, in contrast, there is also evidence that chronic A2BAR antagonism reduces tissue fibrosis. This review explores the opposing pro- and anti-fibrotic activity attributed to the activation of cardiac ARs and investigates the therapeutic potential of targeting ARs for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
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27
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Borg N, Alter C, Görldt N, Jacoby C, Ding Z, Steckel B, Quast C, Bönner F, Friebe D, Temme S, Flögel U, Schrader J. CD73 on T Cells Orchestrates Cardiac Wound Healing After Myocardial Infarction by Purinergic Metabolic Reprogramming. Circulation 2017; 136:297-313. [PMID: 28432149 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.023365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cells are required for proper healing after myocardial infarction. The mechanism of their beneficial action, however, is unknown. The proinflammatory danger signal ATP, released from damaged cells, is degraded by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 to the anti-inflammatory mediator adenosine. Here, we investigate the contribution of CD73-derived adenosine produced by T cells to cardiac remodeling after ischemia/reperfusion and define its mechanism of action. METHODS Myocardial ischemia (50 minutes followed by reperfusion) was induced in global CD73-/- and CD4-CD73-/- mice. Tissue injury, T-cell purinergic signaling, cytokines, and cardiac function (magnetic resonance tomography at 9.4 T over 4 weeks) were analyzed. RESULTS Changes in functional parameters of CD4-CD73-/- mice were identical to those in global CD73 knockouts (KOs). T cells infiltrating the injured heart significantly upregulated at the gene (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and protein (enzymatic activity) levels critical transporters and enzymes (connexin43, connexin37, pannexin-1, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, CD39, CD73, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 1 and 3, CD157, CD38) for the accelerated release and hydrolysis of ATP, cAMP, AMP, and NAD to adenosine. It is surprising that a lack of CD39 on T cells (from CD39-/- mice) did not alter ATP hydrolysis and very likely involves pyrophosphatases (ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 1 and 3). Circulating T cells predominantly expressed A2a receptor (A2aR) transcripts. After myocardial infarction, A2b receptor (A2bR) transcription was induced in both T cells and myeloid cells in the heart. Thus, A2aR and A2bR signaling may contribute to myocardial responses after myocardial infarction. In the case of T cells, this was associated with an accelerated secretion of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines (interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and interleukin-17) when CD73 was lacking. Cytokine production by T cells from peripheral lymph nodes was inhibited by A2aR activation (CGS-21680). The A2bR agonist BAY 60-6583 showed off-target effects. The adenosine receptor agonist NECA inhibited interferon-γ and stimulated interleukin-6 production, each of which was antagonized by a specific A2bR antagonist (PSB-603). CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that CD73 on T cells plays a crucial role in the cardiac wound healing process after myocardial infarction. The underlying mechanism involves a profound increase in the hydrolysis of ATP/NAD and AMP, resulting primarily from the upregulation of pyrophosphatases and CD73. We also define A2bR/A2aR-mediated autacoid feedback inhibition of proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokines by T cell-derived CD73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Borg
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Alter
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Görldt
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Jacoby
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhaoping Ding
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Steckel
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Quast
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Bönner
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Friebe
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany.
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28
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Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Pathological overproduction: the bad side of adenosine. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1945-1960. [PMID: 28252203 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous ubiquitous purine nucleoside, which is increased by hypoxia, ischaemia and tissue damage and mediates a number of physiopathological effects by interacting with four GPCRs, identified as A1 , A2A , A2B and A3 . Physiological and acutely increased adenosine is mostly associated with beneficial effects that include vasodilatation and a decrease in inflammation. In contrast, chronic overproduction of adenosine occurs in important pathological states, where long-lasting increases in the nucleoside levels are responsible for the bad side of adenosine associated with chronic inflammation, fibrosis and organ damage. In this review, we describe and critically discuss the pathological overproduction of adenosine and analyse when, where and how adenosine exerts its detrimental effects throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
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29
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Abstract
Cellular stress or apoptosis triggers the release of ATP, ADP and other nucleotides into the extracellular space. Extracellular nucleotides function as autocrine and paracrine signalling molecules by activating cell-surface P2 purinergic receptors that elicit pro-inflammatory immune responses. Over time, extracellular nucleotides are metabolized to adenosine, leading to reduced P2 signalling and increased signalling through anti-inflammatory adenosine (P1 purinergic) receptors. Here, we review how local purinergic signalling changes over time during tissue responses to injury or disease, and we discuss the potential of targeting purinergic signalling pathways for the immunotherapeutic treatment of ischaemia, organ transplantation, autoimmunity or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Cekic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Joel Linden
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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30
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Novitskaya T, Chepurko E, Covarrubias R, Novitskiy S, Ryzhov SV, Feoktistov I, Gumina RJ. Extracellular nucleotide regulation and signaling in cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:47-56. [PMID: 26891859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction, purinergic nucleotides and nucleosides are released via non-specific and specific mechanisms in response to cellular activation, stress, or injury. These extracellular nucleotides are potent mediators of physiologic and pathologic responses, contributing to the inflammatory and fibrotic milieu within the injured myocardium. Via autocrine or paracrine signaling, cell-specific effects occur through differentially expressed purinergic receptors of the P2X, P2Y, and P1 families. Nucleotide activation of the ionotropic (ligand-gated) purine receptors (P2X) and several of the metabotropic (G-protein-coupled) purine receptors (P2Y) or adenosine activation of the P1 receptors can have profound effects on inflammatory cell function, fibroblast function, and cardiomyocyte function. Extracellular nucleotidases that hydrolyze released nucleotides regulate the magnitude and duration of purinergic signaling. While there are numerous studies on the role of the purinergic signaling pathway in cardiovascular disease, the extent to which the purinergic signaling pathway modulates cardiac fibrosis is incompletely understood. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of how the purinergic signaling pathway modulates cardiac fibroblast function and myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Novitskaya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roman Covarrubias
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergey Novitskiy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Igor Feoktistov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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31
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Chen XP, Lu SJ, Huang K, Zhang W, Liu ZW, Zhong JH. Effects of Ang Ⅱ perfusion on transmural heterogeneous of Cx43 in acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:96-9. [PMID: 26851796 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) perfusion on transmural heterogeneity of Cx43 expression in the rabbit model with acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MIR), and investigate the role of rennin-angiotensin system in malignant ventricular arrhythmia induced by MIR. METHODS Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into MIR group (n = 10) and Ang Ⅱ group (n = 10). MIR model was produced with traditional ligation and opening of the anterior descending coronary artery in all animal. The hearts in vitro in the MIR group and the Ang Ⅱ group were perfused with simply improved Tyrode's solution and containing Ang Ⅱ Tyrode's solution respectively. 90% monophasic action potential repolarization duration, transmural dispersion of repolarization, Cx43 protein (Cx43-pro) and mRNA (Cx43-Cq) expression in subepicardial, midmyocardial and subendocardial myocardium were measured in both groups. The greatest differences of Cx43-pro and Cx43-Cq among three myocardial layers were calculated and shown with ΔCx43-pro and ΔCx43-Cq respectively. RESULTS After Ang Ⅱ perfusion, 90% monophasic action potential repolarization duration among three myocardial layer were significantly prolonged (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), and transmural dispersion of repolarization also significantly increased compared with the MIR group (P < 0.05). Compare with the MIR group, three myocardial Cx43-pro and Cx43-Cq expression in the Ang Ⅱ group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), but ΔCx43-pro and ΔCx43-Cq were significant increased. CONCLUSIONS Renin-angiotensin system increases transmural heterogeneity of Cx43 expression in the rabbit model with MIR by Ang Ⅱ, and enlarge transmural dispersion of repolarization among three myocardial layers of left ventricular which induces malignant ventricular arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pan Chen
- Hainan Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Shi-Juan Lu
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Kang Huang
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Zheng-Wang Liu
- Hainan Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Zhong
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou 570208, China.
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32
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Tofovic SP, Salah EM, Smits GJ, Whalley ET, Ticho B, Deykin A, Jackson EK. Dual A1/A2B Receptor Blockade Improves Cardiac and Renal Outcomes in a Rat Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 356:333-40. [PMID: 26585572 PMCID: PMC4727158 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.228841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is prevalent and often accompanied by metabolic syndrome. Current treatment options are limited. Here, we test the hypothesis that combined A1/A2B adenosine receptor blockade is beneficial in obese ZSF1 rats, an animal model of HFpEF with metabolic syndrome. The combined A1/A2B receptor antagonist 3-[4-(2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-7H-purin-8-yl)-1-bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl]propanoic acid (BG9928) was administered orally (10 mg/kg/day) to obese ZSF1 rats (n = 10) for 24 weeks (from 20 to 44 weeks of age). Untreated ZSF1 rats (n = 9) served as controls. After 24 weeks of administration, BG9928 significantly lowered plasma triglycerides (in mg/dl: control group, 4351 ± 550; BG9928 group, 2900 ± 551) without adversely affecting plasma cholesterol or activating renin release. BG9928 significantly decreased 24-hour urinary glucose excretion (in mg/kg/day: control group, 823 ± 179; BG9928 group, 196 ± 80) and improved oral glucose tolerance, polydipsia, and polyuria. BG9928 significantly augmented left ventricular diastolic function in association with a reduction in cardiac vasculitis and cardiac necrosis. BG9928 significantly reduced 24-hour urinary protein excretion (in mg/kg/day: control group, 1702 ± 263; BG9928 group, 1076 ± 238), and this was associated with a reduction in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, tubular dilation, and deposition of proteinaceous material in the tubules. These findings show that, in a model of HFpEF with metabolic syndrome, A1/A2B receptor inhibition improves hyperlipidemia, exerts antidiabetic actions, reduces HFpEF, improves cardiac histopathology, and affords renal protection. We conclude that chronic administration of combined A1/A2B receptor antagonists could be beneficial in patients with HFpEF, in particular those with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan P Tofovic
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Eman M Salah
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Glenn J Smits
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Eric T Whalley
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Barry Ticho
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Aaron Deykin
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
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Nayak S, Khan MAH, Wan TC, Pei H, Linden J, Dwinell MR, Geurts AM, Imig JD, Auchampach JA. Characterization of Dahl salt-sensitive rats with genetic disruption of the A2B adenosine receptor gene: implications for A2B adenosine receptor signaling during hypertension. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:519-31. [PMID: 26385692 PMCID: PMC4648794 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The A(2B) adenosine receptor (AR) has emerged as a unique member of the AR family with contrasting roles during acute and chronic disease states. We utilized zinc-finger nuclease technology to create A(2B)AR gene (Adora2b)-disrupted rats on the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) genetic background. This strategy yielded a rat strain (SS-Adora2b mutant rats) with a 162-base pair in-frame deletion of Adora2b that included the start codon. Disruption of A(2B)AR function in SS-Adora2b mutant rats was confirmed by loss of agonist (BAY 60-6583 or NECA)-induced cAMP accumulation and loss of interleukin-6 release from isolated fibroblasts. In addition, BAY 60-6583 produced a dose-dependent increase in glucose mobilization that was absent in SS-Adora2b mutants. Upon initial characterization, SS-Adora2b mutant rats were found to exhibit increased body weight, a transient delay in glucose clearance, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production following challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, blood pressure was elevated to a greater extent (∼15-20 mmHg) in SS-Adora2b mutants as they aged from 7 to 21 weeks. In contrast, hypertension augmented by Ang II infusion was attenuated in SS-Adora2b mutant rats. Despite differences in blood pressure, indices of renal and cardiac injury were similar in SS-Adora2b mutants during Ang II-augmented hypertension. We have successfully created and validated a new animal model that will be valuable for investigating the biology of the A(2B)AR. Our data indicate varying roles for A(2B)AR signaling in regulating blood pressure in SS rats, playing both anti- and prohypertensive roles depending on the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to blood pressure elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Md Abdul H Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Tina C Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hong Pei
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel Linden
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology and Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Physiology and Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Antonioli L, Blandizzi C, Csóka B, Pacher P, Haskó G. Adenosine signalling in diabetes mellitus--pathophysiology and therapeutic considerations. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2015; 11:228-41. [PMID: 25687993 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a key extracellular signalling molecule that regulates several aspects of tissue function by activating four G-protein-coupled receptors, A1, A2A, A2B and A1 adenosine receptors. Accumulating evidence highlights a critical role for the adenosine system in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although adenosine signalling is known to affect insulin secretion, new data indicate that adenosine signalling also contributes to the regulation of β-cell homeostasis and activity by controlling the proliferation and regeneration of these cells as well as the survival of β cells in inflammatory microenvironments. Furthermore, adenosine is emerging as a major regulator of insulin responsiveness by controlling insulin signalling in adipose tissue, muscle and liver; adenosine also indirectly mediates effects on inflammatory and/or immune cells in these tissues. This Review critically discusses the role of the adenosine-adenosine receptor system in regulating both the onset and progression of T1DM and T2DM, and the potential of pharmacological manipulation of the adenosinergic system as an approach to manage T1DM, T2DM and their associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Balázs Csóka
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Pál Pacher
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratories of Physiological Studies, NIH/NIAAA, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Burnstock G, Pelleg A. Cardiac purinergic signalling in health and disease. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:1-46. [PMID: 25527177 PMCID: PMC4336308 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is a historical account about purinergic signalling in the heart, for readers to see how ideas and understanding have changed as new experimental results were published. Initially, the focus is on the nervous control of the heart by ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves, as well as in intracardiac neurons. Control of the heart by centers in the brain and vagal cardiovascular reflexes involving purines are also discussed. The actions of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides on cardiomyocytes, atrioventricular and sinoatrial nodes, cardiac fibroblasts, and coronary blood vessels are described. Cardiac release and degradation of ATP are also described. Finally, the involvement of purinergic signalling and its therapeutic potential in cardiac pathophysiology is reviewed, including acute and chronic heart failure, ischemia, infarction, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, syncope, hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, angina, diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as heart transplantation and coronary bypass grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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Role of adenosine A2B receptor signaling in contribution of cardiac mesenchymal stem-like cells to myocardial scar formation. Purinergic Signal 2014; 10:477-86. [PMID: 24584483 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine levels increase in ischemic hearts and contribute to the modulation of that pathological environment. We previously showed that A2B adenosine receptors on mouse cardiac Sca1(+)CD31(-) mesenchymal stromal cells upregulate secretion of paracrine factors that may contribute to the improvement in cardiac recovery seen when these cells are transplanted in infarcted hearts. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that A2B receptor signaling regulates the transition of Sca1(+)CD31(-) cells, which occurs after myocardial injury, into a myofibroblast phenotype that promotes myocardial repair and remodeling. In vitro, TGFβ1 induced the expression of the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and increased collagen I generation in Sca1(+)CD31(-) cells. Stimulation of A2B receptors attenuated TGFβ1-induced collagen I secretion but had no effect on αSMA expression. In vivo, myocardial infarction resulted in a rapid increase in the numbers of αSMA-positive cardiac stromal cells by day 5 followed by a gradual decline. Genetic deletion of A2B receptors had no effect on the initial accumulation of αSMA-expressing stromal cells but hastened their subsequent decline; the numbers of αSMA-positive cells including Sca1(+)CD31(-) cells remained significantly higher in wild type compared with A2B knockout hearts. Thus, our study revealed a significant contribution of cardiac Sca1(+)CD31(-) cells to the accumulation of αSMA-expressing cells after infarction and implicated A2B receptor signaling in regulation of myocardial repair and remodeling by delaying deactivation of these cells. It is plausible that this phenomenon may contribute to the beneficial effects of transplantation of these cells to the injured heart.
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