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Strandmoe AL, Bremer J, Diercks GFH, Gostyński A, Ammatuna E, Pas HH, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Huls GA, Heeringa P, Laman JD, Horváth B. Beyond the skin: B cells in pemphigus vulgaris, tolerance and treatment. Br J Dermatol 2024; 191:164-176. [PMID: 38504438 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune bullous disease characterized by blistering of the skin and mucosa owing to the presence of autoantibodies against the desmosome proteins desmoglein 3 and occasionally in conjunction with desmoglein 1. Fundamental research into the pathogenesis of PV has revolutionized its treatment and outcome with rituximab, a B-cell-depleting therapy. The critical contribution of B cells to the pathogenesis of pemphigus is well accepted. However, the exact pathomechanism, mechanisms of onset, disease course and relapse remain unclear. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the fundamental research progress that has unfolded over the past few centuries to give rise to current and emerging therapies. Furthermore, we summarize the multifaceted roles of B cells in PV, including their development, maturation and antibody activity. Finally, we explored how these various aspects of B-cell function contribute to disease pathogenesis and pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Strandmoe
- Departments of Medical Biology and Pathology
- Dermatology (Centre for Blistering Diseases)
| | | | - Gilles F H Diercks
- Departments of Medical Biology and Pathology
- Dermatology (Centre for Blistering Diseases)
| | - Antoni Gostyński
- Dermatology (Centre for Blistering Diseases)
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jon D Laman
- Departments of Medical Biology and Pathology
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Sernicola A, Mazzetto R, Tartaglia J, Ciolfi C, Miceli P, Alaibac M. Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II in Antibody-Mediated Skin Disorders. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1950. [PMID: 38003999 PMCID: PMC10673328 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
HLA class II molecules are key factors determining susceptibility to autoimmune disorders, and their role in immune-mediated skin conditions such as psoriasis has been extensively investigated. However, there is currently little understanding of their role in antibody-mediated skin diseases such as autoimmune blistering disorders. We researched the available literature using PubMed to narratively review the current knowledge on HLA associations in antibody-mediated blistering skin pathologies. Our results summarized the risk alleles that are identified in the literature, together with certain known protective alleles: in the pemphigus group, alleles HLA-DQB1*0503 and HLA-DRB1*0402 are most commonly associated with disease; in the pemphigoid group, the most studied allele is HLA-DQB1*0301; in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, few genetic studies are available; in dermatitis herpetiformis, the association with haplotypes HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 is strongly established; finally, in linear IgA bullous disease, specific HLA alleles may be responsible for pediatric presentations. Our current pathogenic understanding of this group of disorders assigns a key role to predisposing HLA class II alleles that are able to bind disease autoantigens and therefore stimulate antigen-specific autoreactive T cells. The latter engage B lymphocytes that will produce pathogenic autoantibodies. The distribution of HLA alleles and their disease associations are variable across demographics, and an in-depth pathogenetic understanding is needed to support associations between HLA alleles and disease phenotypes. Additionally, in a personalized medicine approach, the identification of HLA alleles associated with the risk of disease may become clinically relevant in identifying susceptible subjects that should avoid exposure to known triggers, such as medication, when possible.
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Gunavathy N, Asirvatham A, Chitra A, Jayalakshmi M. Evaluation of HLA-G 14bp Ins/Del and +3142 C/G Polymorphisms in Type 1 Diabetes among South Indian Population. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2023; 27:223-229. [PMID: 37583409 PMCID: PMC10424110 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease, involving strong genetic components with familial predisposition. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA-class I molecule having several immunomodulatory functions. Polymorphisms in HLA-G are associated with several autoimmune diseases including T1D. This study aims to evaluate the association of HLA-G 14bp Ins/Del and +3142 C/G polymorphisms with T1D among the South Indian population. Methods The study was performed in a cohort of 123 T1D patients along with their 51 siblings and 126 parents. The association and linkage of HLA-G 14bp Ins/Del and +3142 C/G polymorphisms with T1D were analysed, and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was performed. Results Significantly increased frequencies of HLA-G 14bp Del/Del genotype (OR = 2.16, pc = 0.0302) and Del allele (OR = 1.71, pc = 0.0398) were observed in female patients compared to parents. Higher frequencies of DelDel/GG combined genotype (OR = 4.45, pc = 0.0049) and Del/G haplotype (OR = 2.91, pc = 0.0277) were observed in female patients compared to parents. TDT also revealed over-transmission of Del/G haplotype (25T vs 7UT; P = 0.0015) and a strong linkage disequilibrium between the studied polymorphisms. Conclusion This familial study shows the association of HLA-G 3'UTR 14bp Ins/Del polymorphism with the risk of T1D among the South Indian population, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Gunavathy
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arthur Asirvatham
- Department of Diabetology, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayyappan Chitra
- Institute of Child Health and Research Centre, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariakuttikan Jayalakshmi
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Evidence for Epistatic Interaction between HLA-G and LILRB1 in the Pathogenesis of Nonsegmental Vitiligo. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040630. [PMID: 36831297 PMCID: PMC9954564 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is the most frequent cause of depigmentation worldwide. Genetic association studies have discovered about 50 loci associated with disease, many with immunological functions. Among them is HLA-G, which modulates immunity by interacting with specific inhibitory receptors, mainly LILRB1 and LILRB2. Here we investigated the LILRB1 and LILRB2 association with vitiligo risk and evaluated the possible role of interactions between HLA-G and its receptors in this pathogenesis. We tested the association of the polymorphisms of HLA-G, LILRB1, and LILRB2 with vitiligo using logistic regression along with adjustment by ancestry. Further, methods based on the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) approach (MDR v.3.0.2, GMDR v.0.9, and MB-MDR) were used to detect potential epistatic interactions between polymorphisms from the three genes. An interaction involving rs9380142 and rs2114511 polymorphisms was identified by all methods used. The polymorphism rs9380142 is an HLA-G 3'UTR variant (+3187) with a well-established role in mRNA stability. The polymorphism rs2114511 is located in the exonic region of LILRB1. Although no association involving this SNP has been reported, ChIP-Seq experiments have identified this position as an EBF1 binding site. These results highlight the role of an epistatic interaction between HLA-G and LILRB1 in vitiligo pathogenesis.
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Drenovska K, Ivanova M, Vassileva S, Shahid MA, Naumova E. Association of specific HLA alleles and haplotypes with pemphigus vulgaris in the Bulgarian population. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901386. [PMID: 35983062 PMCID: PMC9378788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune bullous dermatosis with uneven geographic distribution and higher incidence in certain populations. In previous studies, a relatively high incidence of PV was reported in Bulgaria (0.47/100,000/year) comparable to that in other countries. The genetic background was considered responsible for the disease susceptibility, and multiple reports have proven PV to be an HLA-associated condition. The aim of our study was to analyze the role of genetic factors in the development of PV in Bulgaria. HLA genotyping was performed in 56 PV patients, ethnic Bulgarians whose diagnosis was confirmed based on clinical, histological, and immunofluorescent findings. The control group consisted of 204 healthy individuals from the Bulgarian population without evidence for HLA-associated autoimmune diseases. HLA-A,-B,-DRB1,-DQB1 analysis was performed by PCR-SSP. Our results revealed predisposing associations with DRB1*14, DRB1*04:02, and B*38, B*55, while allele DRB1*03:01 and the corresponding haplotypes were significantly decreased in the PV patients. The predisposing role of these alleles has been observed in other populations. All reported predisposing DRB1 alleles have the same amino acids at key positions of the beta chain of the HLA molecules, 26 (Phe), 67 (Leu or Ileu), 70 and 71 (hydrophobic AA: Gln, Arg, Asp, or Glu), and 86 (Val), which is important for the selective presentation of desmoglein 3 peptides. Additionally, specific alleles HLA-A*01 and DRB1*11 were identified with decreased frequencies in the patients’ group, the last one being a common protective allele for autoimmune diseases in the Bulgarian population. The elucidation of the role of genetic factors for the development of pemphigus will help explain its higher incidence and clinical variability in certain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kossara Drenovska
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- *Correspondence: Kossara Drenovska,
| | - Milena Ivanova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Medical Faculty, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Snejina Vassileva
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Abu Shahid
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elissaveta Naumova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Medical Faculty, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Kim SK, Kwon HE, Jeong KH, Shin MK, Lee MH. Association between exonic polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen-G gene and non-segmental vitiligo in the Korean population. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2022; 88:749-754. [PMID: 35389019 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_219_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a pigmentary skin disorder characterised by a chronic and progressive loss of melanocytes. Although several theories have been suggested to the pathogenesis of vitiligo, an autoimmune process leading to melanocyte destruction appears most likely. Human leukocyte antigen-G is a non-classic, major histocompatibility complex Class I molecule that plays an important role in the suppression of the immune response. Several recent studies have provided evidences that polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen-G gene might be related with autoimmune diseases. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to decide whether exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen-G contribute to the risk of developing non-segmental vitiligo in the Korean population. METHODS To evaluate the associations between exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1630223 [Ala5Ala] and rs12722477 [Leu134Ile]) of human leukocyte antigen-G and vitiligo, 244 patients with vitiligo and 398 healthy controls were recruited. Genotyping was performed using Fluidigm 192.24 Dynamic Array with EP1 (Fluidigm Corp., CA). The SNP type assay (Fluidigm Corp., CA), which employs allele-specifically designed fluorescences (FAM or VIC) primers and a common reverse primer was applied and the data were analysed using the EP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping analysis software to obtain genotype calls. RESULTS Two exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1630223 and rs12722477) exhibited significant associations with susceptibility and remained a statistically significant association following Bonferroni correction. These two single nucleotide polymorphisms were located within a block of linkage disequilibrium. Haplotypes G-C and A-A comprising rs1630223 and rs12722477 demonstrated a significant association with non-segmental vitiligo. LIMITATIONS The protein expression level of patients with vitiligo and controls was not studied and a replication study of the genetic association in an independent group was not managed. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that exonic human leukocyte antigen-G polymorphisms (rs1630223 and rs12722477) are associated with the development of non-segmental vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kang Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Heon Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Kyung Shin
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mu-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Cansever M, Göktaş MA, Arslan D, Patiroğlu T. Serum levels of soluble HLA-G correlate with disease activity in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:233-238. [PMID: 35042317 PMCID: PMC9212116 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_327_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, a member of the HLA family, is crucial for fetomaternal tolerance. Transmembrane or circulating/soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) is elevated in autoimmune conditions and the tumor microenvironment. Circulating sHLA-G levels and their association with disease activity have not yet been assessed in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to quantify the serum sHLA-G levels of pediatric patients with IBD and assess the association of serum sHLA-G with disease activity. METHODS : We enrolled 24 pediatric IBD patients Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), n = 12 each] and 24 healthy controls. Based on the disease activity index, five and seven of the CD patients had mild and moderate/severe disease, respectively, whereas six of the UC patients were in remission and six had mild disease. Serum was collected and sHLA-G levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS : Pediatric patients with CD had significantly higher sHLA-G levels compared with patients with UC and healthy controls. Notably, serum sHLA-G levels were significantly higher in patients with moderate/severe CD than in those with mild CD. CONCLUSIONS : Serum sHLA-G levels correlate with disease activity in pediatric patients with CD and are higher in CD patients than in UC patients. Thus, sHLA-G is a potential biomarker for disease activity in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Cansever
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Dr. Murat Cansever, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38034, Kayseri, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - Mehmet Akif Göktaş
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Duran Arslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Türkan Patiroğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Kneiber D, Kowalski EH, Amber KT. The Immunogenetics of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:173-212. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Mestrallet G, Auvré F, Schenowitz C, Carosella ED, LeMaoult J, Martin MT, Rouas-Freiss N, Fortunel NO. Human Keratinocytes Inhibit CD4 + T-Cell Proliferation through TGFB1 Secretion and Surface Expression of HLA-G1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoints. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061438. [PMID: 34201301 PMCID: PMC8227977 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin protects the body against infection and injury. This protection involves immune and epithelial cells, but their interactions remain largely unknown. Here, we show that cultured epidermal keratinocytes inhibit allogenic CD4+ T-cell proliferation under both normal and inflammatory conditions. Inhibition occurs through the secretion of soluble factors, including TGFB1 and the cell-surface expression of HLA-G1 and PD-L1 immune checkpoints. For the first time, we here describe the expression of the HLA-G1 protein in healthy human skin and its role in keratinocyte-driven tissue immunomodulation. The overexpression of HLA-G1 with an inducible vector increased the immunosuppressive properties of keratinocytes, opening up perspectives for their use in allogeneic settings for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mestrallet
- CEA, Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, DRF, 91000 Evry, France; (G.M.); (F.A.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Frédéric Auvré
- CEA, Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, DRF, 91000 Evry, France; (G.M.); (F.A.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Chantal Schenowitz
- CEA, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Hemato-Immunology Research Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France; (C.S.); (E.D.C.)
- U976 HIPI Unit, IRSL, Université Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Edgardo D. Carosella
- CEA, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Hemato-Immunology Research Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France; (C.S.); (E.D.C.)
- U976 HIPI Unit, IRSL, Université Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Joel LeMaoult
- CEA, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Hemato-Immunology Research Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France; (C.S.); (E.D.C.)
- U976 HIPI Unit, IRSL, Université Paris, 75010 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.T.M.); (N.R.-F.); (N.O.F.); Tel.: +33-1-60-87-34-91 (M.T.M.); +33-1-57-27-68-01 (N.R.-F.); +33-1-60-87-34-92 (N.O.F.)
| | - Michèle T. Martin
- CEA, Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, DRF, 91000 Evry, France; (G.M.); (F.A.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.T.M.); (N.R.-F.); (N.O.F.); Tel.: +33-1-60-87-34-91 (M.T.M.); +33-1-57-27-68-01 (N.R.-F.); +33-1-60-87-34-92 (N.O.F.)
| | - Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- CEA, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Hemato-Immunology Research Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France; (C.S.); (E.D.C.)
- U976 HIPI Unit, IRSL, Université Paris, 75010 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.T.M.); (N.R.-F.); (N.O.F.); Tel.: +33-1-60-87-34-91 (M.T.M.); +33-1-57-27-68-01 (N.R.-F.); +33-1-60-87-34-92 (N.O.F.)
| | - Nicolas O. Fortunel
- CEA, Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, DRF, 91000 Evry, France; (G.M.); (F.A.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.T.M.); (N.R.-F.); (N.O.F.); Tel.: +33-1-60-87-34-91 (M.T.M.); +33-1-57-27-68-01 (N.R.-F.); +33-1-60-87-34-92 (N.O.F.)
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Assaf S, Malki L, Mayer T, Mohamad J, Peled A, Pavlovsky M, Malovitski K, Sarig O, Vodo D, Sprecher E. ST18 affects cell-cell adhesion in pemphigus vulgaris in a tumour necrosis factor-α-dependent fashion. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:1153-1160. [PMID: 33205400 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life-threatening mucocutaneous autoimmune blistering disease. We previously showed that genetic variants within the ST18 gene promoter area confer a sixfold increase in the propensity to develop PV. ST18, a transcription factor, was found to be overexpressed in the epidermis of patients with PV. In addition, it was found to promote autoantibody-mediated abnormal epidermal cell-cell adhesion and secretion of proinflammatory mediators by keratinocytes. OBJECTIVES To delineate the mechanism through which ST18 contributes to destabilization of cell-cell adhesion. METHODS We used quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence microscopy, a luciferase reporter system, site-directed mutagenesis, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and the dispase dissociation assay. RESULTS The ChIP and luciferase reporter assays showed that ST18 directly binds and activates the TNF promoter. Accordingly, increased ST18 expression contributes to PV pathogenesis by destabilizing cell-cell adhesion in a tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-dependent fashion. In addition, dual immunofluorescence staining showed increased expression of both ST18 and TNF-α in the skin of patients with PV carrying an ST18-associated PV risk variant, which was found to be associated with a more extensive PV phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a role for TNF-α in mediating the deleterious effect of increased ST18 expression in PV skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Assaf
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L Malki
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - T Mayer
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Mohamad
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Peled
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Pavlovsky
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - K Malovitski
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Sarig
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Vodo
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Scarsella L, Pollmann R, Amber KT. Autoreactive T cells in pemphigus: perpetrator and target. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2020; 156:124-133. [PMID: 33179878 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.20.06706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease, in which autoantibodies against epidermal cadherins, such as desmoglein (Dsg)1 and Dsg3, lead to the development of blisters and erosions on the skin and mucous membranes. Autoreactive CD4+ T cells are essential for the induction and perpetuation of the disease by interaction with B cells producing autoantibodies. PV has a strong genetic association with certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles with HLA-DRB1*04:02 and LA-DQB1*05:03 being the most prevalent in patients. Recently, genome-wide association studies have provided a new approach to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms, alongside the known association with HLA alleles. Loss of tolerance against Dsgs and other autoantigens is a critical event in the pathogenesis of PV. Epitope spreading contributes to the progression of PV, leading to an extension of the Dsg-specific autoimmune response to other molecular epitopes of autoantigens, such as desmocollins or muscarinic receptors. Alterations in CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells are thought to contribute to the development of PV representing a suitable target for therapeutic interventions. Several CD4+ T-cell subsets and cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of PV, while Th2 cells are the extensively studied population. Recently, other T cell subsets like T follicular helper cells and Th17 have gained attention as new potential players in PV pathogenesis. The involvement of local autoantibody production in the lesional skin of PV patients in tertiary lymphoid organs is currently discussed but not yet clarified. In this study, we reviewed the current knowledge about the development, characteristics and function of autoreactive T cells in pemphigus and present current new T cell-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Scarsella
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Pollmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany -
| | - Kyle T Amber
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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Petzl-Erler ML. Beyond the HLA polymorphism: A complex pattern of genetic susceptibility to pemphigus. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190369. [PMID: 32639508 PMCID: PMC7341728 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune bullous skin diseases that result in
significant morbidity. As for other multifactorial autoimmune disorders,
environmental factors may trigger the disease in genetically susceptible
individuals. The goals of this review are to summarize the state of knowledge
about the genetic variation that may affect the susceptibility and pathogenesis
of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus – both the endemic and the
sporadic forms –, to compare and discuss the possible meaning of the
associations reported, and to propose recommendations for new research
initiatives. Understanding how genetic variants translate into pathogenic
mechanisms and phenotypes remains a mystery for most of the polymorphisms that
contribute to disease susceptibility. However, genetic studies provide a strong
foundation for further developments in this field by generating testable
hypotheses. Currently, results still have limited influence on disease
prevention and prognosis, drug development, and clinical practice, although the
perspectives for future applications for the benefit of patients are
encouraging. Recommendations for the continued advancement of our understanding
as to the impact of genetic variation on pemphigus include these partially
overlapping goals: (1) Querying the functional effect of genetic variants on the
regulation of gene expression through their impact on the nucleotide sequence of
cis regulatory DNA elements such as promoters and enhancers, the splicing of
RNA, the structure of regulatory RNAs and proteins, binding of these regulatory
molecules to regulatory DNA elements, and alteration of epigenetic marks; (2)
identifying key cell types and cell states that are implicated in pemphigus
pathogenesis and explore their functional genomes; (3) integrating structural
and functional genomics data; (4) performing disease-progression longitudinal
studies to disclose the causal relationships between genetic and epigenetic
variation and intermediate disease phenotypes; (5) understanding the influence
of genetic and epigenetic variation in the response to treatment and the
severity of the disease; (6) exploring gene-gene and genotype-environment
interactions; (7) developing improved pemphigus-prone and non-prone animal
models that are appropriate for research about the mechanisms that link
genotypes to pemphigus. Achieving these goals will demand larger samples of
patients and controls and multisite collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Phoswa WN, Ramsuran V, Naicker T, Singh R, Moodley J. HLA-G Polymorphisms Associated with HIV Infection and Preeclampsia in South Africans of African Ancestry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1697657. [PMID: 32596279 PMCID: PMC7305545 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1697657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HLA-G, part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is associated with the risk of developing preeclampsia (PE). In this study, we determined the contribution of specific HLA-G polymorphisms on the risk of developing preeclampsia in HIV-infected and uninfected South Africans of African ancestry. METHODS One hundred and ninety-three women of African ancestry were enrolled (74 HIV-uninfected normotensive, 60 HIV-infected normotensive, 34 HIV-uninfected, and 25 HIV-infected preeclamptics). Sanger sequencing of the untranslated region was performed to genotype six SNPs, i.e., 14 bp Ins/Del of rs66554220, rs1710, rs1063320, rs1610696, rs9380142, and rs1707). RESULTS For rs66554220, we have the following results: (a) based on pregnancy type-the Ins/Ins and Del/Ins genotype frequency was higher in preeclampsia (PE) compared to normotensive pregnancies (Ins/Ins vs. Del/Ins, P = 0.02∗: OR (95%CI) = 13.44 (0.7222-249.9); Del/Del vs. Del/Ins, P = 0.03∗: OR (95%CI) = 2.95 (1.10-7.920)); (b) based on HIV status-the Ins/Ins showed both genotypic and allelic association with HIV infection. HIV-infected PE has higher Ins/Ins genotypic and allelic frequencies compared to HIV-uninfected PE (Ins/Ins vs. Del/Ins, P = 0.005∗∗: OR (95%CI) = 21.32 (1.71-4.17); Ins, P = 0.005∗∗; OR (95%IC) = 21.32 (1.71-4.17)). For rs1707, we have the following results: (a) based on pregnancy type-there were CT genotypic frequencies in PE, more especially LOPE compared to normotensive pregnancies (TT vs. CT, P = 0.0092∗∗: OR (95%CI) = 5.(1.39 - 25.64)), and no allelic association was noted; (b) based on HIV status-CT was higher in HIV-infected LOPE compared to uninfected LOPE (TT vs. TC, P = 0.0006∗∗∗: OR (95%CI) = 40.00 (2.89 - 555.1)). For rs1710 and rs1063320, no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies were noted based on pregnancy type and HIV status. For rs9380142, we have the following results: (a) based on pregnancy type-no significant differences were noted between normotensive compared to PE pregnancies; (b) based on HIV status-AA genotypes occurred more in the HIV-infected PE group (AA vs. GG, P = 0.02∗: OR (95%CI) = 13.97 (0.73 - 269.4)), while A allelic frequency occurred more in HIV-infected PE, especially LOPE compared to uninfected groups (A vs. G, P = 0.0003∗∗∗: OR (95%CI) = 10.72 (2.380 - 48.32); P = 0.02∗: OR (95%CI) = 9.00 (1.07 - 75.74)). For rs1610696, we have the following results: (a) based on pregnancy type-genotypic and allelic frequencies of CC were higher in PE compared to normotensive pregnancies (CC vs. GG, P = 0.0003∗∗∗: OR (95%CI) = 31.87 (1.861 - 545.9); C, P = 0.0001∗∗∗: OR (95%IC) = 21.91 (2.84 - 169.0)); (b) based on HIV status-GG frequencies were higher in the HIV-infected PE more especially LOPE groups (GG vs. GC, P = 0.02∗: OR (95%CI) = 16.87 (0.81 - 352.1); GG vs. CC, P = 0.0001∗∗∗: OR (95%CI) = 159.5 (13.10 - 1942)). CONCLUSION Selected HLA-G 14 bp polymorphisms (Ins/Ins) and genotypic and allelic differences in rs9380142, rs1610696, and rs1707 are associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia in HIV-infected South African women of African ancestry. More genetic studies evaluating the association between preeclampsia and HIV infection are needed to improve diagnosis and antenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N. Phoswa
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ravesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Services, KwaZulu-Natal Academic Complex, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Rodrigues JKF, Crovella S, Celerino da Silva R. The HLA-G 14 bp allele frequency in different populations: A global meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Olbrich M, Künstner A, Witte M, Busch H, Fähnrich A. Genetics and Omics Analysis of Autoimmune Skin Blistering Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2327. [PMID: 31749790 PMCID: PMC6843061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) of the skin are characterized by autoantibodies against different intra-/extracellular structures within the epidermis and at the basement membrane zone (BMZ). Binding of the antibodies to their target antigen leads to inflammation at the respective binding site and degradation of these structures, resulting in the separation of the affected skin layers. Clinically, blistering, erythema and lesions of the skin and/or mucous membranes can be observed. Based on the localization of the autoantigen, AIBDs can be divided into pemphigus (intra-epidermal blistering diseases) and pemphigoid diseases (sub-epidermal blistering diseases), respectively. Although autoantigens have been extensively characterized, the underlying causes that trigger the diseases are still poorly understood. Besides the environment, genetic factors seem to play an important role in a predisposition to AIBDs. Here, we review currently known genetic and immunological mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of AIBDs. Among the most commonly encountered genetic predispositions for AIBDs are the HLA gene region, and deleterious mutations of key genes for the immune system. Particularly, HLA class II genes such as the HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles have been shown to be prevalent in patients. This has prompted further epidemiological studies as well as unbiased Omics approaches on the transcriptome, microbiome, and proteome level to elucidate common and individual genetic risk factors as well as the molecular pathways that lead to the pathogenesis of AIBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Olbrich
- Medical Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Medical Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Witte
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anke Fähnrich
- Medical Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Toni Ho GG, Heinen F, Stieglitz F, Blasczyk R, Bade-Döding C. Dynamic Interaction between Immune Escape Mechanism and HLA-Ib Regulation. Immunogenetics 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Etesami I, Seirafi H, Ghandi N, Salmani H, Arabpour M, Nasrollahzadeh A, Teimourpour A, Daneshpazhooh M, Keramatipour M. The association between ST18 gene polymorphism and severe pemphigus disease among Iranian population. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1395-1398. [PMID: 30192416 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, ST18 polymorphism has played a role in increasing the risk of pemphigus among some populations such as Egyptian and Jewish. In addition, a variant within the ST18 promoter gene was shown to induce ST18 upregulation and cytokine secretion leading to keratinocyte susceptibility to anti-desmoglein antibodies. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the ST18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) relationship with pemphigus, disease severity and family history among Iranian population. A total of 111 pemphigus patients and 201 healthy controls were genotyped for three ST18 SNPs rs2304365, rs10504140 and rs4074067 by using TETRA-ARMS PCR method. The results indicated that risk allele A in rs2304365 was significantly higher in pemphigus patients, compared with the amount in the control group (OR = 2.43 CI = 1.49-3.975, P < 0.001). Thus, A allele represents a risk factor for pemphigus. Further, the patients carrying the risk allele had a more severe disease and a higher age of disease onset while no relationship was observed between the number of relapses and positive family history of pemphigus with the risk allele. Finally, dominant model was regarded as the strongest inheritance model for the associated risk. The present study confirmed the relationship between ST18 gene with pemphigus disease, a more severe disease, and a higher age of disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifa Etesami
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Seirafi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Ghandi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Salmani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Arabpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Teimourpour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lee YB, Lee JH, Lee SY, Kim JW, Yu DS, Han KD, Park YG. Incidence and death rate of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus in Korea: A nationwide, population-based study (2006-2015). J Dermatol 2018; 45:1396-1402. [PMID: 30320467 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology of pemphigus varies among racial populations worldwide. Trends in the incidence of pemphigus have not been investigated based on the Korean National Health Insurance database. This study investigated the incidence and death rate of pemphigus with age using nationwide population data in South Korea. A nationwide population-based cohort study was performed using the Korean National Health Insurance Claims Database from 2006 to 2015. The incidence of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) per 1 000 000 person-years was 2.059 (1.885 for males and 2.234 for females), and for pemphigus foliaceus (PF) 1.138 (1.205 males and 1.07 for females). The incidence of PV and PF increased with age. The incidence was not different between the habitat and household income. These incidence of PV and PF was significantly higher in subjects with comorbid metabolic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The death rate per 1000 person-years in PV and PF patients increased with age after adjustment for the presence of comorbidities compared with standard death rate. This study showed that age is an important factor in PV and PF patients in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bok Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jin-Wou Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Kyung Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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de Almeida BS, Muniz YCN, Prompt AH, Castelli EC, Mendes-Junior CT, Donadi EA. Genetic association between HLA-G 14-bp polymorphism and diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:724-735. [PMID: 30102938 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HLA-G is an immune checkpoint molecule. Since a differential molecule expression has been reported even for healthy individuals, many studies have focused on polymorphisms at HLA-G regulatory regions, particularly the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). The presence/absence of a 14-bp sequence was the first polymorphism described and it is the most studied in association between HLA-G and disorders. METHODS In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all association studies published regarding the HLA-G 14-bp. RESULTS We verified association between 14-bp alleles and diseases in the following situations: (1) presence of 14-bp (insertion) conferred susceptibility to preeclampsia (child alleles evaluated) and systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 1.42; 95%CI = 1.04-1.93; p = 0.026 and OR = 1.13; 95%CI = 1.01-1.27, p = 0.028); (2) 14-bp absence (deletion) was associated with increased risk to breast cancer (OR = 1.23; 95%CI = 1.06-1.43; p = 0.006) and human Cytomegalovirus infection (OR = 2.06; 95%CI = 1.60-2.64; p < 0.0001); and (3) a risk association was observed between the group of reproductive disorders and the 14-bp insertion (OR = 1.12; 95%CI = 1.01-1.24; p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Considering that others 14-bp associations were inconclusive and that other variation sites observed at HLA-G 3'UTR exhibit a proven role on post-transcriptional regulation of HLA-G expression, the complete 3'UTR segment should be analyzed in terms of disease susceptibility, instead of a single polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Sgorla de Almeida
- Divisão de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratório Multiusuário de Estudos em Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Yara Costa Netto Muniz
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Alice Heidrich Prompt
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Erick C Castelli
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Unesp - Univ. Estadual Paulista, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Celso Teixeira Mendes-Junior
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Antonio Donadi
- Divisão de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Vodo D, Sarig O, Sprecher E. The Genetics of Pemphigus Vulgaris. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:226. [PMID: 30155467 PMCID: PMC6102399 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune blistering disease caused by auto-antibodies (auto-Abs) directed against epithelial desmosomal components and leading to disruption of cell-cell adhesion. The exact mechanisms underlying the disease pathogenesis remain unknown and treatment is still based on immunosuppressive drugs, such as corticosteroids, which are associated with potentially significant side effects. Ethnic susceptibility, familial occurrence, and autoimmune comorbidity, suggest a genetic component to the pathogenesis of the disease, which, if discovered, could advance our understanding of PV pathogenesis and thereby point to novel therapeutic targets for this life-threatening disorder. In this article, we review the evidence for a genetic basis of PV, summarize the different approaches used to investigate susceptibility traits for the disease and describe past and recent discoveries regarding genes associated with PV, most of which belong to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus with limited data regarding association of non-HLA genes with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Vodo
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Association Study and Fine-Mapping Major Histocompatibility Complex Analysis of Pemphigus Vulgaris in a Han Chinese Population. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2307-2314. [PMID: 29857070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To identify possible additional genetic susceptibility loci for pemphigus vulgaris (PV), we performed a genome-wide association study of 240 PV patients and 1,031 control individuals, and we selected the top single nucleotide polymorphisms for replication in independent samples, with 252 patient samples and 1,852 control samples. We identified rs11218708 (P = 3.1 × 10-8, odds ratio = 1.54) at chromosome locus 11q24.1 as significantly associated with PV. A fine-mapping analysis of PV risk in the major histocompatibility complex region showed three independent variants predisposed to PV using stepwise analysis: HLA-DRB1*14:04 (P = 2.47 × 10-38, odds ratio = 6.28), rs7454108 at the TAP2 gene (P = 2.78 × 10-12, odds ratio = 3.25), and rs1051336 at the HLA-DRA gene (P = 3.06 × 10-6, odds ratio = 0.33). A systematic evaluation using gene- and pathway-based analyses showed a high tendency for PV susceptibility genes to be associated with autoimmunity. Our study highlights the involvement of immune-mediated processes in the pathophysiology of PV and illustrates the value of imputation to identify variants in the major histocompatibility complex region.
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22
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Zhang Y, Yu S, Han Y, Wang Y, Sun Y. Human leukocyte antigen-G expression and polymorphisms promote cancer development and guide cancer diagnosis/treatment. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:699-709. [PMID: 29399142 PMCID: PMC5772757 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA molecule, predominantly expressed in cytotrophoblast cells to protect the fetus during pregnancy. Notably, a high frequency of HLA-G expression has been observed in a wide variety of cancer types in previous studies. Furthermore, HLA-G expression in cancer has been considered to be detrimental, since it can protect cancer cells from natural killer cell cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated destruction, promote tumor spreading and shorten the survival time of patients by facilitating tumor immune evasion. In addition, HLA-G polymorphisms have been investigated in numerous types of cancer and are considered as risk factors and predictive markers of cancer. This review focuses on HLA-G expression and its polymorphisms in cancer, analyzing the mechanisms of HLA-G in promoting cancer development, and evaluating the potential and value of its clinical application as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, or even as a prospective therapeutic target in certain types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yali Han
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Medical Research and Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Gawad AA, Hashish M, Abaza A, El-Kayal A. Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G Avidity Index among Blood Donors in Alexandria, Egypt. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 24:314-320. [PMID: 28095288 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Transfusion transmitted diseases (TTD) are a major challenge to transfusion services all over the world. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is considered one of the main viruses associated with blood transfusion. As CMV screening is not included in routine screening tests done for donated blood in blood banks in Egypt, the detection of CMV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity needs to be tested for being a useful tool to diagnose recent infection among blood donors. The aim of this work was to study CMV IgG avidity index (AI) among blood donors. METHODS A total of 88 blood samples were collected from the non-remunerated volunteer blood donors who attended the Alexandria Regional Blood Transfusion Centre. A quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the avidity detection of the specific IgG antibodies to CMV in human serum samples was used. RESULTS Eighty five studied blood donors (96.6%) were positive for CMV IgG. Eighty one donors (95.3%) showed high avidity (>45.0%). Regarding the remaining four CMV IgG positive donors; three had medium avidity (<45.0%) and only one had a low avidity of <25.0%. A moderate agreement of 42.4% was found between IgG concentration and avidity. CONCLUSIONS CMV seroprevalence was found to be high among volunteer blood donors, where age and gender were statistically significant factors associated with CMV IgG concentration. The use of the avidity assay as a screening tool for CMV among blood donors is highly suggested. The exclusion of the low and medium AI units will ensure the availability of a safe stock of blood units, hence eliminating the risk of CMV transmission to vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleya Abdel Gawad
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona Hashish
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amani Abaza
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aisha El-Kayal
- Alexandria Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Alexandria, Egypt
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Recent Advances in Our Understanding of HLA-G Biology: Lessons from a Wide Spectrum of Human Diseases. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:4326495. [PMID: 27652273 PMCID: PMC5019910 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4326495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is a HLA-class Ib molecule with potent immunomodulatory activities, which is expressed in physiological conditions, where modulation of the immune response is required to avoid allograft recognition (i.e., maternal-fetal interface or transplanted patients). However, HLA-G can be expressed de novo at high levels in several pathological conditions, including solid and hematological tumors and during microbial or viral infections, leading to the impairment of the immune response against tumor cells or pathogens, respectively. On the other hand, the loss of HLA-G mediated control of the immune responses may lead to the onset of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, caused by an uncontrolled activation of the immune effector cells. Here, we have reviewed novel findings on HLA-G functions in different physiological and pathological settings, which have been published in the last two years. These studies further confirmed the important role of this molecule in the modulation of the immune system.
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Alizadeh N, Mosaferi E, Farzadi L, Majidi J, Monfaredan A, Yousefi B, Baradaran B. Frequency of null allele of Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) locus in subjects to recurrent miscarriage. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.14.7.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Arjmand F, Ghasemi N, Mirghanizadeh SA, Samadi M. The balance of the immune system between HLA-G and NK cells in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and polymorphisms analysis. Immunol Res 2016; 64:785-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Di Zenzo G, Amber KT, Sayar BS, Müller EJ, Borradori L. Immune response in pemphigus and beyond: progresses and emerging concepts. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:57-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Khorrami S, Rahimi R, Mohammadpour H, Bahrami S, Yari F, Poustchi H, Malekzadeh R. Association of HLA-G*01:01:02:01/G*01:04:01 polymorphism with gastric adenocarcinoma. Hum Immunol 2015; 77:153-7. [PMID: 26585776 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) plays an important role in tumor cell escape from immune surveillance and HLA-G polymorphisms might service as a potential risk factor for clinical outcomes in GAC (gastric adenocarcinoma). We investigated the association between HLA-G polymorphisms as well as soluble HLA-G level and accordance of GAC. This case-control study included 100 GAC patients and 102 unrelated Iranian individual's samples as control. The clinical stages ranged from I to IV. PCR-RFLP method was carried out in order to specify the genotypes of the HLA-G gene. Concentrations of sHLA-G in serum were determined with the sHLA-G-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The G*01:04:01 and G*01:01:02:01 alleles were the predominant alleles in GAC patients and healthy controls. The G*01:01:03:01 and G*01:01:08 allele distributions are significantly higher among controls comparing to cases and seem to have protective effect (P value=0.026 and 0.007 respectively). There is a substantial differences in G*01:01:02:01/G*01:04:01 genotype frequencies between cases and controls (OR=2.8, P value<0.001). The G*01:01:03:01/G*01:04:01 and G*01:01:02:01/G*01:01:08 genotypes frequency are higher among controls in comparison to patients (P value=0.028 and 0.007 respectively). The polymorphisms in HLA-G could affect GAC induction and its outcome. Also, increased sHLA-G levels in serum might be a useful biomarker for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Khorrami
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hemn Mohammadpour
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salahadin Bahrami
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Laaribi AB, Zidi I, Hannachi N, Ben Yahia H, Chaouch H, Bortolotti D, Zidi N, Letaief A, Yacoub S, Boudabous A, Rizzo R, Boukadida J. Association of an HLA-G 14-bp Insertion/Deletion polymorphism with high HBV replication in chronic hepatitis. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22:835-41. [PMID: 25619305 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Identification of an HLA-G 14-bp Insertion/Deletion (Ins/Del) polymorphism at the 3' untranslated region of HLA-G revealed its importance in HLA-G mRNA stability and HLA-G protein level variation. We evaluated the association between the HLA-G 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism in patients with chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a case-control study. Genomic DNA was extracted from 263 patients with chronic HBV hepatitis and 246 control subjects and was examined for the HLA-G 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism by PCR. The polymorphic variants were genotyped in chronic HBV seropositive cases stratified according to HBV DNA levels, fibrosis stages and in a control population. There was no statistical significant association between the 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism and increased susceptibility to HBV infection neither for alleles (P = 0.09) nor for genotypes (P = 0.18). The stratification of HBV patients based on HBV DNA levels revealed an association between the 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism and an enhanced HBV activity with high HBV DNA levels. In particular, the Ins allele was significantly associated with high HBV DNA levels (P = 0.0024, OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.2-2.4). The genotype Ins/Ins was associated with a 2.5-fold (95% CI, 1.29-4.88) increased risk of susceptibility to high HBV replication compared with the Del/Del and Ins/Del genotypes. This susceptibility is linked to the presence of two Ins alleles. No association was observed between the 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism and fibrosis stage of HBV infection. We observed an association between the 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism and high HBV replication characterized by high HBV DNA levels in chronic HBV patients. These results suggest a potential prognostic value for disease outcome evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Laaribi
- Laboratory Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Microbiology-Immunology, UR02SP13, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - I Zidi
- Laboratory Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N Hannachi
- Laboratory of Microbiology-Immunology, UR02SP13, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - H Ben Yahia
- Laboratory Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - H Chaouch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - D Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section Microbiology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - N Zidi
- Faculty of Medcine Ibn Al Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Letaief
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - S Yacoub
- Regional Center of Blood Transfusion, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Boudabous
- Laboratory Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - R Rizzo
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section Microbiology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J Boukadida
- Laboratory of Microbiology-Immunology, UR02SP13, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
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Rizzo R, Bortolotti D, Bolzani S, Fainardi E. HLA-G Molecules in Autoimmune Diseases and Infections. Front Immunol 2014; 5:592. [PMID: 25477881 PMCID: PMC4235267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G molecule, a non-classical HLA-Ib molecule, is less polymorphic when compared to classical HLA class I molecules. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) was first detected on cytotrophoblast cells at the feto-maternal interface but its expression is prevalent during viral infections and several autoimmune diseases. HLA-G gene is characterized by polymorphisms at the 3' un-translated region and 5' upstream regulatory region that regulate its expression and are associated with autoimmune diseases and viral infection susceptibility, creating an unbalanced and pathologic environment. This review focuses on the role of HLA-G genetic polymorphisms, mRNA, and protein expression in autoimmune conditions and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rizzo
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daria Bortolotti
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Bolzani
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Fainardi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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31
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Borghi A, Rizzo R, Corazza M, Bertoldi AM, Bortolotti D, Sturabotti G, Virgili A, Di Luca D. HLA-G 14-bp polymorphism: a possible marker of systemic treatment response in psoriasis vulgaris? Preliminary results of a retrospective study. Dermatol Ther 2014; 27:284-9. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Borghi
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Microbiology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Monica Corazza
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Bertoldi
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Daria Bortolotti
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Microbiology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Giulia Sturabotti
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Annarosa Virgili
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Dario Di Luca
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Microbiology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
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Association between an HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism and non-segmental vitiligo in the Korean population. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:577-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Amber KT, Staropoli P, Shiman MI, Elgart GW, Hertl M. Autoreactive T cells in the immune pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:699-704. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T. Amber
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Patrick Staropoli
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Michael I. Shiman
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - George W. Elgart
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Philipps-Universität; Marburg Germany
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Rolfsen GB, Castelli EC, Donadi EA, Duarte RA, Soares CP. HLA-G polymorphism and breast cancer. Int J Immunogenet 2013; 41:143-8. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. B. Rolfsen
- Department of Clinical Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UNESP); Araraquara Brazil
| | - E. C. Castelli
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine of Botucatu; UNESP; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - E. A. Donadi
- Division of Clinical Immunology; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. A. Duarte
- Department of Clinical Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UNESP); Araraquara Brazil
| | - C. P. Soares
- Department of Clinical Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UNESP); Araraquara Brazil
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Bhanusali DG, Sachdev A, Rahmanian A, Gerlach JA, Tong JC, Seiffert-Sinha K, Sinha AA. HLA-E*0103X is associated with susceptibility to Pemphigus vulgaris. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:108-12. [PMID: 23362868 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-classical human leucocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) mediates natural killer and CD8+ T-cell activity, suggesting a role in the regulation of autoimmunity. HLA-E*0103X/*0103X has been associated with Behcet's disease and HLA-E *0101/*0103X with childhood onset diabetes. We investigated HLA-E allele status in 52 Caucasian and Ashkenazi Jewish Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients and 51 healthy controls by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction and amplification refractory mutation system. Associations were determined via chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and logistical regression analysis. HLA-E outcomes included presumed homozygous *0101/*0101 or *0103X/*0103X genotype status or *0101/*0103X heterozygous status. PV did not significantly associate with either *0101/*0101 or *0101/*0103X genotypes. HLA-E*0103X/*0103X (presumed homozygote) is significantly increased in patients with PV versus controls (P = 0.0146, OR = 3.730, 95%CI = 1.241-11.213). Our data provide the first evidence that HLA-E*0103X is a marker for genetic risk in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval G Bhanusali
- Department of Dermatology, University at Buffalo and Roswell Park Cancer Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Graebin P, Veit TD, Alho CS, Dias FS, Chies JAB. Polymorphic variants in exon 8 at the 3' UTR of the HLA-G gene are associated with septic shock in critically ill patients. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:R211. [PMID: 23107167 PMCID: PMC3682315 DOI: 10.1186/cc11845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Critically ill patients are characterized as individuals hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and can evolve to sepsis, septic shock or even death. Among others, genetic factors can influence the outcome of critically ill patients. HLA-G is a non-classical class Ib molecule that has limited protein variability, presenting seven isoforms generated by alternative splicing, and presents immunomodulatory properties. Polymorphisms at the 3'UTR are thought to influence HLA-G gene expression. It was previously observed that increased sHLA-G5 levels were predictive of survival among septic shock patients. We assessed the frequencies of 7 polymorphisms in exon 8 at the 3' UTR of HLA-G and associated these variants with different clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Methods Exon 8 at the 3' UTR of the HLA-G gene from 638 critically ill subjects was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Genotypes were identified using FinchTV software v.1.4.0 and the most probable haplotype constitution of each sample was determined by PHASE software v.2.1. Haplotype frequencies, linkage disequilibrium, heterozygosity test and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were estimated using ARLEQUIN software v.3.5. Results Among all critically ill patients, an association between carriers of the +2960IN_+3142 G_+3187A haplotype and septic shock (P = 0.047) was observed. Septic patients who carried the +2960IN_+3142G_+3187A haplotype presented an increased risk for septic shock (P = 0.031). Conclusions The present study showed, for the first time, an association between polymorphisms in exon 8 at the 3 'UTR of HLA-G gene and outcomes of critically ill patients. These results may be important for understanding the mechanisms involved in evolution to septic shock in critically ill patients.
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Sarig O, Bercovici S, Zoller L, Goldberg I, Indelman M, Nahum S, Israeli S, Sagiv N, Martinez de Morentin H, Katz O, Baum S, Barzilai A, Trau H, Murrell DF, Bergman R, Hertl M, Rosenberg S, Nöthen MM, Skorecki K, Schmidt E, Zillikens D, Darvasi A, Geiger D, Rosset S, Ibrahim SM, Sprecher E. Population-specific association between a polymorphic variant in ST18, encoding a pro-apoptotic molecule, and pemphigus vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1798-805. [PMID: 22437316 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune blistering disease caused by anti-epithelial antibodies, leading to disruption of cell-cell adhesion. Although the disease is exceedingly rare worldwide, it is known to be relatively prevalent in Jewish populations. The low prevalence of the disease represents a significant obstacle to a genome-wide approach to the mapping of susceptibility genes. We reasoned that the study of a genetically homogeneous cohort characterized by a high prevalence of PV may help exposing associated signals while reducing spurious results due to population sub-structure. We performed a genome-wide association study using 300K single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a case-control study of 100 PV patients of Jewish descent and 397 matched control individuals, followed by replication of significantly associated SNPs in three additional cohorts of Jewish, Egyptian, and German origin. In addition to the major histocompatibility complex locus, a genomic segment on 8q11.23 that spans the ST18 gene was also found to be significantly associated with PV. This association was confirmed in the Jewish and Egyptian replication sets but not in the German sample, suggesting that ST18-associated variants may predispose to PV in a population-specific manner. ST18 regulates apoptosis and inflammation, two processes of direct relevance to the pathogenesis of PV. Further supporting the relevance of ST18 to PV, we found this gene to be overexpressed in the skin of PV patients as compared with healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Sarig
- Department of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Park Y, Park Y, Kim YS, Kwon OJ, Kim HS. Allele frequencies of human leukocyte antigen-G in a Korean population. Int J Immunogenet 2011; 39:39-45. [PMID: 22035429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2011.01053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I molecule with relatively limited polymorphism. The differences in allele frequency according to ethnicity and country have not been studied enough, so far. Therefore, fundamental data including allele frequencies and polymorphism are needed for studies on immunological function of HLA-G in each population. We investigated allele frequencies and 14-bp polymorphism of the HLA-G in Koreans. HLA-G alleles and 14-bp polymorphisms were determined by sequence-based typing analysis of exons 2-4 and polymerase chain reaction of exon 8 in 200 unrelated individuals. Genotyping analysis identified eight different HLA-G alleles, which indicates that the Korean population presents limited HLA-G allelic polymorphism. HLA-G*01:01:01:01 and G*01:04:01 were frequent alleles (42.5% and 34.0%), and allelic frequencies were similar to those of other Asian populations. The 14-bp deletion alleles are higher (78%) in Koreans, although the frequencies of the 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism have been known to be nearly equal in many Caucasian populations. HLA-G*01:01:08 was reported strong linkage disequilibrium with the 14-bp deletion in a previous report; the same allele was accompanied with 14-bp insertion in our study. There are a few studies investigating allele frequencies, and most of them were studied before high-resolution method era. This is the first study regarding HLA-G genotypes in Korean, which were identified by high-resolution method. From this study, we identified HLA-G frequencies of a Korean population and expect this study could help further investigations for immunological and clinical implications of HLA-G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Lau DT, Norris MD, Marshall GM, Haber M, Ashton LJ. HLA-G polymorphisms, genetic susceptibility, and clinical outcome in childhood neuroblastoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:421-7. [PMID: 22115424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in children less than 5 years of age. The early onset of neuroblastoma suggests that genes involved in fetal development and pregnancy may have a putative role in the etiology of neuroblastoma. The human leukocyte antigen subtype G (HLA-G) molecule plays an important role in immune response regulation and appears to regulate immune tolerance during early pregnancy as well as tumor immunosurveillance. Elevated levels of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) have been detected in a number of malignancies including serum samples from neuroblastoma and have been reported to be predictive of tumor relapse in neuroblastoma. In light of previous investigations suggesting that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the HLA-G gene may impact on protein expression levels and isoform production, we examined the influence of HLA-G polymorphisms on the susceptibility and clinical outcome of neuroblastoma in 163 neuroblastoma patients and 404 healthy controls. The distribution of HLA-G polymorphisms, alleles, or allelic groups did not differ between children diagnosed with neuroblastoma and healthy controls. Our analyses did not detect an association between common HLA-G polymorphisms and clinical outcome in patients treated for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Lau
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disorder with a complex etiology involving an interplay of genetic as well as environmental factors, most of which remain unknown. Despite the identification of several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles as risk factors for disease, no other non-HLA genes have clearly been implicated in disease susceptibility. Newer candidate gene and whole-genome approaches are needed to illuminate the full palate of genetic risk elements in PV. Based on this information, genetic-based tools can be expected to provide a scientific rationale for future clinical decision-making by physicians and facilitate an era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh A Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York at Buffalo and Roswell Park Cancer Institute, MRC 234, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Gonzalez A, Alegre E, Torres MI, Díaz-Lagares A, Lorite P, Palomeque T, Arroyo A. Evaluation of HLA-G5 plasmatic levels during pregnancy and relationship with the 14-bp polymorphism. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 64:367-74. [PMID: 20482523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Plasmatic HLA-G levels increase during pregnancy, but the contribution of each different isoform has not been elucidated yet. METHOD OF STUDY HLA-G5 was analyzed by ELISA in 19 controls, 79 women in the first 8 weeks of pregnancy and in nine women monthly until delivery. Genotyping for the 14-bp polymorphism was performed by PCR amplification of exon 8. RESULTS HLA-G5 was detected in plasma from 80% of pregnant women. The levels did not change during pregnancy, and there were no differences compared to control non-pregnant women. There was a high interindividual variation that was maintained throughout the pregnancy. The presence of +14-bp allele was associated with HLA-G5 positivity. Pregnant women who were heterozygotic to 14-bp polymorphism had significantly higher levels of HLA-G5 compared to -14 bp/-14-bp homozygotic. CONCLUSION Plasmatic HLA-G5 levels do not change during pregnancy and its concentration depends on 14-bp polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Fainardi E, Castellazzi M, Stignani M, Morandi F, Sana G, Gonzalez R, Pistoia V, Baricordi OR, Sokal E, Peña J. Emerging topics and new perspectives on HLA-G. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:433-51. [PMID: 21080027 PMCID: PMC11114687 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the Fifth International Conference on non-classical HLA-G antigens (HLA-G), held in Paris in July 2009, we selected some topics which focus on emerging aspects in the setting of HLA-G functions. In particular, HLA-G molecules could play a role in: (1) various inflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, gastrointestinal, skin and rheumatic diseases, and asthma, where they may act as immunoregulatory factors; (2) the mechanisms to escape immune surveillance utilized by several viruses, such as human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1, rabies virus, hepatitis C virus, influenza virus type A and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1); and (3) cytokine/chemokine network and stem cell transplantation, since they seem to modulate cell migration by the downregulation of chemokine receptor expression and mesenchymal stem cell activity blocking of effector cell functions and the generation of regulatory T cells. However, the immunomodulatory circuits mediated by HLA-G proteins still remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Fainardi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, Corso della Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Rahimi R, Hosseini AZ, Yari F. The polymorphism of human leucocyte antigen-G gene in a healthy population of Iran. Int J Immunogenet 2010; 37:269-72. [PMID: 20477884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA class I molecule that unlike the classical HLA, has low polymorphism. This molecule, initially, found on invasive trophoblast cells and is postulated to have mediatory role in maternal-fetal interface. So far 43 alleles of HLA-G gene have been found. Studies on alleles of HLA-G gene could be useful in understanding the genetic variants of HLA-G alleles in Iranian population. The goal of this research was to determine the polymorphism of HLA-G gene in a healthy population of Iran. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood of 102 randomly selected, healthy, unrelated Iranian individuals using salting-out technique followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the exons 2 and 3 of HLA-G gene. For the performance of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, the PCR products were digested with several restriction enzymes and the resulted fragments were analysed using gel electrophoresis. The obtained results indicated nine alleles of HLA-G in Iranian individuals including G*01011 (4%), G*01012 (29.86%), G*01013 (10.8%), G*01015 (1.47%), G*01017 (1.96%), G*01018 (2.45%), G*01041 (29.4%), G*01043 (1.96%) and the null allele G* 0105N (18.1%). According to this study, in the Iranian subjects the most incident alleles were G*01012 and G*01041. The results for the frequency of G*01012 showed some similarity with Caucasians (36.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Thorat MS, Raju A, Pradeep AR. Pemphigus vulgaris: effects on periodontal health. J Oral Sci 2010; 52:449-54. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.52.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Cordero EAA, Veit TD, da Silva MAL, Jacques SMC, Silla LMDR, Chies JAB. HLA-G polymorphism influences the susceptibility to HCV infection in sickle cell disease patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 74:308-13. [PMID: 19775370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite its well known monogenic etiopathogenesis, sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by a striking variability of clinical presentation. There is growing evidence that genetic factors may be involved in this variability. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a non-classical HLA molecule which was shown to be expressed at sites of inflammation and in inflammatory diseases. Besides its large and highly polymorphic promoter region, the 3' UTR region seems also to play an important role on regulating HLA-G expression. We investigated the influence of the 14 pb (rs1704) and the +3142 (rs1063320) HLA-G polymorphisms in 93 SCD patients in order to evaluate its potential role on clinical parameters. Twenty-one patients presented an HCV infection. Among all SCD patients 16 (22.2%) were homozygous for the +3142C genotype, none of them hepatitis C (HCV) positive. Controlling for blood transfusions in the last year, the C allele represented a dose dependent protection effect for HCV infection (PR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.24-0.71). The +3142C allele was also underrepresented among patients with history of respiratory-tract infections. Our results support a role of the +3142 polymorphism in the susceptibility to infections, in particular to HCV infection, and suggest a possible interference of the HLA-G molecule in the response to infections, among SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A A Cordero
- Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Taylor JM, Street TL, Hao L, Copley R, Taylor MS, Hayden PJ, Stolper G, Mott R, Hein J, Moffatt MF, Cookson WOCM. Dynamic and physical clustering of gene expression during epidermal barrier formation in differentiating keratinocytes. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7651. [PMID: 19888454 PMCID: PMC2766255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian epidermis is a continually renewing structure that provides the interface between the organism and an innately hostile environment. The keratinocyte is its principal cell. Keratinocyte proteins form a physical epithelial barrier, protect against microbial damage, and prepare immune responses to danger. Epithelial immunity is disordered in many common diseases and disordered epithelial differentiation underlies many cancers. In order to identify the genes that mediate epithelial development we used a tissue model of the skin derived from primary human keratinocytes. We measured global gene expression in triplicate at five times over the ten days that the keratinocytes took to fully differentiate. We identified 1282 gene transcripts that significantly changed during differentiation (false discovery rate <0.01%). We robustly grouped these transcripts by K-means clustering into modules with distinct temporal expression patterns, shared regulatory motifs, and biological functions. We found a striking cluster of late expressed genes that form the structural and innate immune defences of the epithelial barrier. Gene Ontology analyses showed that undifferentiated keratinocytes were characterised by genes for motility and the adaptive immune response. We systematically identified calcium-binding genes, which may operate with the epidermal calcium gradient to control keratinocyte division during skin repair. The results provide multiple novel insights into keratinocyte biology, in particular providing a comprehensive list of known and previously unrecognised major components of the epidermal barrier. The findings provide a reference for subsequent understanding of how the barrier functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa L. Street
- Oxford Centre for Gene Function, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Lizhong Hao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, England
| | - Richard Copley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, England
| | | | - Patrick J. Hayden
- MatTek Corporation, Ashland, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gina Stolper
- MatTek Corporation, Ashland, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard Mott
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, England
| | - Jotun Hein
- Oxford Centre for Gene Function, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Miriam F. Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, England
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Human leukocyte antigen-G polymorphism in relation to expression, function, and disease. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:1026-34. [PMID: 19651180 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical class Ib molecule belonging to the major histocompatibility complex. HLA-G appears to play a role in the suppression of immune responses and contribute to long-term immune escape or tolerance. The focus of this review is polymorphism in the HLA-G gene and protein and its possible importance in expression, function, and disease associations.
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Tron F, Gilbert D, Joly P, Mouquet H, Drouot L, Ayed MB, Sellami M, Masmoudi H, Makni S. Immunogenetics of pemphigus: An update. Autoimmunity 2009; 39:531-9. [PMID: 17101496 DOI: 10.1080/08916930600971497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus are rare but informative models of organ-specific autoimmune diseases, resulting from the interplay of environmental, genetic and stochastic factors. There are many arguments to consider that pemphigus have a genetic basis involving, as many other autoimmune diseases, several different genes with additive or synergistic effects. So far, the unique strategy used to identify the contributive loci has been direct analysis of candidate genes through conventional case-control association studies. The major histocompatibility complex in particular the class II locus was demonstrated to be associated with pemphigus with a high rate of replicability. The progresses in the understanding of pemphigus physiopathology and the development of new molecular tools offer new perspectives to unveiled the genetic basis of this group of autoimmune blistering diseases, as shown by recent studies of candidate genes expressed at different levels of the autoimmune process.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Tron
- Faculté de Médicine et de Pharmacie, INSERM U519, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
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Veit TD, Cordero EAA, Mucenic T, Monticielo OA, Brenol JCT, Xavier RM, Delgado-Cañedo A, Chies JAB. Association of the HLA-G 14 bp polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2009; 18:424-30. [PMID: 19318395 DOI: 10.1177/0961203308098187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical class I major histocompatibility complex molecule which is induced at the course of inflammatory pathologies, and its expression has been suggested as a possible mechanism of tissue protection against autoimmune inflammatory responses, therefore acting as a mechanism of immune surveillance. We investigated the influence of the 14 bp polymorphism of the HLA-G gene on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by analyzing 293 patients with SLE and 460 healthy controls. The patient's group was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, presenting an excess of heterozygotes (P = 0.014). The heterozygote group exhibited lower systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity indexes than the homozygous deletion group and the homozygous insertion group (mean value = 2.29 against 2.97 and 3.4, respectively, P = 0.035). Photosensitive patients showed a higher frequency of heterozygotes and an equivalent lower frequency of homozygotes for deletion; on the other hand, patients without arthritis presented a higher frequency of heterozygotes than the arthritis group and also a lower frequency of the del/del genotype. Overall, our results support the idea of a role of the HLA-G insertion/deletion polymorphism and therefore a role for the HLA-G molecule, on the pathology of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Veit
- Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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