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Gou F, Zhang D, Chen S, Zhang M, Chen J. Role of nuclear protein Akirin in the modulation of female reproduction in Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Front Physiol 2024; 15:1415746. [PMID: 39045218 PMCID: PMC11264338 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1415746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Akirin as a highly conserved transcription factor, exerts a profound influence on the growth, development, immune response, and reproductive processes in animals. The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, a major pest in rice production in Asia, possesses high reproductive capacity, a critical factor contributing to reduced rice yields. The aims of this study were to demonstrate the regulatory role of Akirin in the reproduction of BPH. Methods: In this study, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of genes. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to downregulate the expression of Akirin gene, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to screen for differentially expressed genes caused by Akirin downregulation. Hormone contents were measured with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and protein content was evaluated with the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. Results: Using BPH genome data, we screened for an Akirin gene (NlAkirin). An analysis of tissue-specific expressions showed that NlAkirin was expressed in all tissues tested in female BPH, but its expression level was highest in the ovary. After inhibiting the mRNA expression of NlAkirin in BPH females, the number of eggs laid, hatching rate, and number of ovarioles decreased. Transcriptome sequencing was performed, following a NlAkirin double-stranded RNA treatment. Compared with the genes of the control, which was injected with GFP double-stranded RNA, there were 438 upregulated genes and 1012 downregulated genes; the expression of vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellogenin receptor (VgR) genes as well as the mRNA expression of genes related to the target of rapamycin (TOR), juvenile hormone (JH), and insulin pathways involved in Vg synthesis was significantly downregulated. As a result of NlAkirin knockdown, the titers of JH III and Ecdysone (Ecd) were downregulated in unmated females but returned to normal levels in mated females. The ovarian protein contents in both unmated and mated females were downregulated. Discussion and conclusion: Our results suggest that NlAkirin affects female BPH reproduction by regulating the mRNA expression of genes related to the Vg, VgR, TOR, JH, and insulin signaling pathways, in addition to the titers of JH III and Ecd. The findings of this research provide novel insights into the regulatory role of Akirin in insect reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Gou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Daowei Zhang
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Mingjing Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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2
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Leyria J. Endocrine factors modulating vitellogenesis and oogenesis in insects: An update. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 587:112211. [PMID: 38494046 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The endocrine system plays a pivotal role in shaping the mechanisms that ensure successful reproduction. With over a million known insect species, understanding the endocrine control of reproduction has become increasingly complex. Some of the key players include the classic insect lipid hormones juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroids, and neuropeptides such as insulin-like peptides (ILPs). Individual endocrine factors not only modulate their own target tissue but also play crucial roles in crosstalk among themselves, ensuring successful vitellogenesis and oogenesis. Recent advances in omics, gene silencing, and genome editing approaches have accelerated research, offering both fundamental insights and practical applications for studying in-depth endocrine signaling pathways. This review provides an updated and integrated view of endocrine factors modulating vitellogenesis and oogenesis in insect females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Leyria
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
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3
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Hu K, Jin R, Liu J, Zhu J, Dai W, Wang Y, Li Y, Liu F. Functional characterization of the InR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in female reproduction of the predatory bug Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae113. [PMID: 38783398 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The insulin signaling (IIS) pathway plays a key role in the regulation of various physiological functions in animals. However, the involvement of IIS pathway in the reproduction of natural enemy insects remains enigmatic. Here, 3 key genes (named ClInR, ClPI3K, and ClAKT) related to IIS pathway were cloned from Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), an important natural enemy in the rice ecosystem. These 3 proteins had the typical features of corresponding protein families and shared high similarity with their respective homologs from the Hemipteran species. The ClInR, ClPI3K, and ClAKT were highly expressed in the adult stage. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that ClInR, ClPI3K, and ClAKT were highly expressed in the midgut and ovary of adults. Silencing of ClInR, ClPI3K, and ClAKT caused 92.1%, 72.1%, and 57.8% reduction in the expression of ClVg, respectively. Depletion of these 3 genes impaired vitellogenin synthesis and ovary development. Moreover, the fecundity in the dsInR, dsPI3K, and dsAKT injected females were 53.9%, 50.8%, and 48.5% lower than the control treatment, respectively. These results indicated that ClInR, ClPI3K, and ClAKT are of great importance for the reproduction of C. lividipennis. Our results advance the knowledge about the molecular mechanism of reproduction regulation in natural enemy insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rong Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianqi Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (Yangzhou University), Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225009, China
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4
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Zhu L, Chen X, Lv J, Huang Z, Pu Z, Liu S. Artificial diets can manipulate the reproductive development status of predatory ladybird beetles and hold promise for their shelf-life management. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29836. [PMID: 38698980 PMCID: PMC11064149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of biological control methods, the predatory ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has been widely used for pest control in agricultural production. Appropriate shelf-life management strategies could synchronize H. axyridis production with pest outbreaks, finally improving the effectiveness of biological control. Herein, we preliminarily explored whether an artificial diet could optimize the shelf-life management of H. axyridis. We compared the survival rate, nutrition accumulation, reproductive development, juvenile hormone (JH) related-gene expression levels, and stress resistance gene expression levels between aphid-fed and artificial diet-fed H. axyridis females. The results revealed that H. axyridis females maintained a high survival rate after being fed an artificial diet for 60 days, whereas the survival rate of aphid-fed females decreased. Continuous feeding of the artificial diet caused H. axyridis females to enter a diapause-like state, which was characterized by low JH levels, high triglycerides and trehalose accumulation, ovarian development inhibition, decreased Vgs expression levels, and increased stress resistance gene expression levels. This diapause-like state could be promptly recovered upon transferring to an aphid diet. These results indicate that the artificial diet could manipulate the reproductive development status of H. axyridis and lay the foundation for its shelf-life management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jia Lv
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
| | - Zhendong Huang
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
| | - Zhanxu Pu
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
| | - Shunmin Liu
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
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5
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Yan Y, Qin DD, Yang H, Xu KK, Li C, Yang WJ. MicroR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 co-target Akt to regulate Lasioderma serricorne reproduction. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:106-118. [PMID: 37350038 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
High fecundity is a common characteristic of insect pests which increases the difficulty of population control. Serine/threonine kinase Akt is an indispensable component of the insulin signaling pathway. Silencing of LsAkt severely hinders reproduction in Lasioderma serricorne, a stored product insect pest. However, the post-transcriptional pathway of LsAkt in L. serricorne remains unknown. This study identified 2 binding sites of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 in the coding sequences of LsAkt. The expression profiles of 2 microRNAs (miRNAs) and LsAkt displayed an opposite pattern during the adult stages. Luciferase reporter assay showed that novel-mir50 and miR-9c-5p could downregulate the expression of LsAkt. Overexpression of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 by injection of mimics inhibited the expression of LsAkt and reduced oviposition, decreased egg hatchability, and blocked ovarian development. It also decreased the expression of genes involved in ovarian development (LsVg and LsVgR) and the nutritional signaling pathway (LsTOR, LsS6K, and Ls4EBP), and reduced the phosphorylation of Akt. Conversely, injection of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 inhibitors induced the expressions of LsAkt, LsVg, LsVgR, LsTOR, LsS6K, and Ls4EBP, enhanced Akt phosphorylation level, and accelerated ovarian development. Injection of bovine insulin downregulated the expression of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 and upregulated the LsAkt expression. It also rescued the reproductive development defects associated with miR-9c-5p/novel-mir50 overexpression, forming a positive regulatory loop of insulin signaling. These results indicate that miR-9c-5p/novel-mir50 regulates the female reproduction of L. serricorne by targeting Akt in response to insulin signaling. The data also demonstrate the effects of the insulin/miRNA/Akt regulatory axis in insect reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dong-Dong Qin
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kang-Kang Xu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wen-Jia Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
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6
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Wang K, Liu W, Wang XP. Dpp-mediated TGF-β signaling regulates vitellogenesis through 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling in the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105706. [PMID: 38072559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The Dpp signaling, as one of the branches within the TGF-β superfamily, plays a crucial role in regulating various biological processes in insects. However, its impact on female reproduction through vitellogenesis remains unclear. In this study, the expression profiles implied that the Dpp signaling genes, including Dpp, Punt, Mad, and Medea, were up-regulated during reproductive development in the ovary of Colaphellus bowringi. Knockdown of these five Dpp signaling genes revealed significant effects of Dpp, Tkv, Mad, and Medea on ovarian development through vitellogenesis in the fat body. Our finding further indicated that Dpp signaling influences the expression of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) receptor and responsive genes in the fat body. Additionally, knockdown of 20E receptor EcR resulted in similar phenotypes as observed in the Dpp pathway genes knockdown, implying a regulatory role for Dpp signaling via EcR in vitellogenesis. Furthermore, knocking down Dpp, Tkv, and EcR in female adults led to a reduction in total dry weight and protein content, as well as the expression of mTOR, a factor linked to protein intake. These results suggest that the Dpp signaling pathway modulates vitellogenesis by impacting the AA/TOR-mediated 20E pathway in the fat body, providing novel insights into the network governing insect reproduction and offering potential targets for controlling female pest reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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7
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Yu R, Zhang W, Li Y, Tang J, Kim K, Li B. Functional characterisation of Fe (II) and 2OG-dependent dioxygenase TcALKBH4 in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:676-688. [PMID: 37462221 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase ALKB homologue 4 (ALKBH4) is a member of the Fe (II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent ALKB homologue family that plays important roles in epigenetic regulation by alkyl lesions removal in mammals. However, the roles of ALKBH4 in insects are not clear. Here, TcALKBH4 was cloned and functionally characterised in Tribolium castaneum. Temporal expression revealed that TcALKBH4 was highly expressed in early embryos and early pupae. Spatial expression showed that TcALKBH4 was highly expressed in the adult testis, and followed by the ovary. RNA interference targeting TcALKBH4 at different developmental stages in T. castaneum led to apparent phenotypes including the failure of development in larvae, the reduction of food intake and the deficiency of fertility in adult. However, further dot blot analyses showed that TcALKBH4 RNAi does not seem to influence 6 mA levels in vivo. qRT-PCR was used to further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms; the result showed that TcALKBH4 mediates the development of larvae possibly through 20E signalling pathway, and the fertility of female and male adult might be regulated by the expression of vitellogenesis and JH signalling pathway, respectively. Altogether, these findings will provide new insights into the potential function of ALKBH4 in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanxiao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - KumChol Kim
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Life-Science, University of Science, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Lu T, Lu Y, Wang L, Liu Z, Miao S, Tai Y, Yang B. The serine/threonine kinase Akt gene affects fecundity by reducing Juvenile hormone synthesis in Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105583. [PMID: 37945269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt is an important component of the insulin signalling pathway (ISP) in regulating insect metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The psocid Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) is a distasteful stored products pest for its fecundity. However, the molecular mechanism of Akt that controls vitellogenesis and oviposition in L. entomophila remains obscure. In this study, the function of the Akt gene in the female reproduction of L. entomophila (designated as LeAkt) was characterized and investigated. LeAkt contains a 1587 bp open reading frame encoding a 529 amino acid protein that possesses a conserved Pleckstrin Homology domain (PH) and a Ser/Thr-type protein kinase (S_TKc) domain. The mRNA expression of LeAkt was the highest in female adult stages and peaked for 7-day female adults. In female adult tissues, LeAkt was highly expressed in the head and the ovary, indicating that LeAkt was closely correlated with female ovarian development. LeAkt transcription level was significantly suppressed by oral feeding on artificial diets mixed with dsRNA-LeAkt. RNAi-mediated silencing of LeAkt led to a severe inhibition of vitellogenein (Vg) expression and ovarian development, together with lower fecundity and hatchability compared to that of the normal feeding group, suggesting a critical role for LeAkt in L. entomophila reproduction. Further studies revealed that LeAkt silencing significantly decreased the mRNA levels of several signalling and biosynthetic genes in the juvenile hormone (JH) signalling pathway, such as methoprene-tolerant (LeMet), krüppel homolog 1 (LeKr-h1) and JH methyltransferase (LeJHAMT), leading to a severe inhibition of JH biosynthesis in L. entomophila female adults. These results suggested that LeAkt was affecting JH synthesis, thereby influencing Vg synthesis and ultimately L. entomophila reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- School of Food Science and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China; School of Food Science and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhipei Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shiyuan Miao
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yajie Tai
- School of Food Science and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- School of Food Science and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Palli SR. RNAi turns 25:contributions and challenges in insect science. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1209478. [PMID: 38469536 PMCID: PMC10926446 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1209478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1998, RNA interference (RNAi), a Nobel prize-winning technology, made significant contributions to advances in biology because of its ability to mediate the knockdown of specific target genes. RNAi applications in medicine and agriculture have been explored with mixed success. The past 25 years of research on RNAi resulted in advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of its action, target specificity, and differential efficiency among animals and plants. RNAi played a major role in advances in insect biology. Did RNAi technology fully meet insect pest and disease vector management expectations? This review will discuss recent advances in the mechanisms of RNAi and its contributions to insect science. The remaining challenges, including delivery to the target site, differential efficiency, potential resistance development and possible solutions for the widespread use of this technology in insect management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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10
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Yu H, Yang B, Wang L, Wang S, Wang K, Song Q, Zhang H. Neuropeptide hormone bursicon mediates female reproduction in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1277439. [PMID: 37854192 PMCID: PMC10579919 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1277439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bursicon, a neuropeptide hormone comprising two subunits-bursicon (burs) and partner of burs (pburs), belongs to the cystine-knot protein family. Bursicon heterodimers and homodimers bind to the lucine-rich G-protein coupled receptor (LGR) encoded by rickets to regulate multiple physiological processes in arthropods. Notably, these processes encompass the regulation of female reproduction, a recent revelation in Tribolium castaneum. In this study we investigated the role of burs/pburs/rickets in mediating female vitellogenesis and reproduction in a hemipteran insect, the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Our investigation unveiled a synchronized expression of burs, pburs and rickets, with their transcripts persisting detectable in the days following eclosion. RNAi-mediated knockdown of burs, pburs or rickets significantly suppressed the transcript levels of vitellogenin (Vg) and Vg receptor in the female whiteflies. These effects also impaired ovarian maturation and female fecundity, as evidenced by a reduction in the number of eggs laid per female, a decrease in egg size and a decline in egg hatching rate. Furthermore, knockdown of burs, pburs or rickets led to diminished juvenile hormone (JH) titers and reduced transcript level of Kruppel homolog-1. However, this impact did not extend to genes in the insulin pathway or target of rapamycin pathway, deviating from the results observed in T. castaneum. Taken together, we conclude that burs/pburs/rickets regulates the vitellogenesis and reproduction in the whiteflies by coordinating with the JH signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Liuhao Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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11
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Wang L, Li Z, Yi T, Li G, Smagghe G, Jin D. Ecdysteroid Biosynthesis Halloween Gene Spook Plays an Important Role in the Oviposition Process of Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14797. [PMID: 37834248 PMCID: PMC10573261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In insects, the ecdysteroid hormone regulates development and reproduction. However, its function in the reproduction process of spider mites is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Halloween gene Spook on the oviposition of the reproduction process in a spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. The expression patterns of the ecdysteroid biosynthesis and signaling pathway genes, as analyzed by RT-qPCR, showed that the expression pattern of the Halloween genes was similar to the oviposition pattern of the female mite and the expression patterns of the vitellogenesis-related genes TuVg and TuVgR, suggesting that the Halloween genes are involved in the oviposition of spider mites. To investigate the function of the ecdysteroid hormone on the oviposition of the reproduction process, we carried out an RNAi assay against the Halloween gene Spook by injection in female mites. Effective silencing of TuSpo led to a significant reduction of oviposition. In summary, these results provide an initial study on the effect of Halloween genes on the reproduction in T. urticae and may be a foundation for a new strategy to control spider mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tianci Yi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Daochao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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12
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Tang Y, Hu YW, Wang SH, Zhou M, Ding YJ, Cai SQ, Tang B, Wang SG. RNAi-mediated CrebA silencing inhibits reproduction and immunity in Locusta migratoria manilensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 145:104711. [PMID: 37062456 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Locusta migratoria manilensis is a major agricultural pest that causes severe direct and indirect damage to several crops. Thus, to provide a theoretical foundation for pest control, the role of CrebA in the reproduction and immune regulation of L. migratoria was investigated. CrebA is a bZIP transcription factor that critically regulates intracellular protein secretion. In this study, CrebA was widely expressed in the brain, fat body, integument, midgut, and reproductive tissues of different maturity stages of adult locusts, especially in the female fat body. RNA interfering (RNAi)-mediated silencing of CrebA inhibited locusts ovarian development, and key reproduction gene expressions, Vgs, VgRs, Chico, and JHAMT were downregulated. After the locusts were injected with Micrococcus luteus or Escherichia coli, M. luteus activated lysozyme expression, while the E. coli activated both phenol oxidase cascade and lysozyme expression. Furthermore, both bacteria stimulated the upregulation of the antimicrobial peptide genes DEF3 and DEF4. However, CrebA silencing is fatal to locusts infection with E. coli, with a mortality rate of up to 96.3%, and resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of DEF3 and DEF4 and changes in the activities of phenol oxidase and lysozyme of locusts infected by bacteria. Collectively, CrebA may be involved in diverse biological processes, including reproduction and immunity. CrebA inhibited locusts reproduction by regulating JH signaling pathway and inhibits the expression of immune genes TLR6, IMD, and AMPs. These results demonstrate CrebA seems to play a crucial role in reproduction and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Tang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, PR China
| | - Yao-Wen Hu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, PR China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, PR China
| | - Yan-Juan Ding
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, PR China
| | - Si-Qi Cai
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, PR China
| | - Bin Tang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, PR China
| | - Shi-Gui Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, PR China.
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13
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Yang J, Guan D, Wei J, Ge H, Cao X, Lv S, Zhou X, Zheng Y, Meng X, Wang J, Qian K. Mechanisms underlying the effects of low concentrations of chlorantraniliprole on development and reproduction of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105362. [PMID: 36963952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that sublethal dose of insecticides induces life history trait changes of both target and non-target insect species, however, the underlying mechanisms remain not well understood. In this study, the effects of low concentrations of the anthranilic diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole on the development and reproduction of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, were evaluated, and the underlying mechanisms were explored. The results showed that exposure of FAW to LC10 and LC30 chlorantraniliprole prolonged the larvae duration, decreased the mean weight of the larvae and pupae, and lowered the pupation rate as well as emergence rate. The fecundity of female adults was also negatively affected by treatment with low concentrations of chlorantraniliprole. Consistently, we found that exposure of FAW to LC30 chlorantraniliprole downregulated the mRNA expression of juvenile hormone (JH) esterase (SfJHE), leading to the increase of JH titer in larvae. We also found that treatment with low concentrations of chlorantraniliprole suppressed the expression of ribosomal protein S6 kinase1 (SfS6K1) in female adults, resulting in the downregulation of the gene encoding vitellogenin (SfVg). These results provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of low concentrations of insecticides on insect pests, and had applied implications for the control of FAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Daojie Guan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaping Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huichen Ge
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoli Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Susu Lv
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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14
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Huangfu N, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Chen L, Gao X, Niu L, Gao M, Ji J, Luo J, Cui J. Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 ( IRS1) Regulates Oogenesis and Vitellogenesis in Propylea japonica by Mediating the FOXO Transcription Factor Expression, Independent of JH and 20E Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:300-310. [PMID: 36538395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor substrate (IRS), as the core cytoplasmic adapter protein in the insulin/insulin-like signaling (IIS) pathway, is an important mediator of cellular signaling. However, it is still unknown how IRS crosstalk with hormone signaling regulates insect growth, development, and reproduction. In this study, we demonstrated that knockdown of IRS1 significantly inhibited oogenesis, vitellogenesis, and the development of nurse cells and follicular epithelial cells. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed that FOXO transcription factors significantly responded to silencing of the IRS1 gene. However, IRS1 silencing had no significant effect on the expression of juvenile hormone/20-hydroxyecdysone (JH/20E)-signaling genes, JH synthesis, and degradation enzyme-related genes and the JH/20E titers. Our results suggested that the IIS pathway regulated ovarian development and Vg production through FOXO, independent of JH and 20E signaling pathways. This study revealed the reproductive regulation mechanism in Propylea japonica, which provides a theoretical basis for large-scale expansion of P. japonica as an environment-friendly biological control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Huangfu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Mengxue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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15
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Yang B, Miao S, Lu Y, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Involvement of Methoprene-tolerant and Krüppel homolog 1 in juvenile hormone-mediated vitellogenesis of female Liposcelis entomophila (End.) (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21973. [PMID: 36193599 PMCID: PMC10078567 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methoprene-tolerant (Met) as an intracellular receptor of juvenile hormone (JH) and the Krüppel-homolog 1 (Kr-h1) as a JH-inducible transcription factor had been proved to contribute to insect reproduction. Their functions vary in different insect orders, however, they are not clear in Psocoptera. In this study, LeMet and LeKr-h1 were identified and their roles in vitellogenesis and ovarian development were investigated in Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein). Treatment with exogenous JH III significantly induced the expression of LeKr-h1, LeVg, and LeVgR. Furthermore, silencing LeMet and LeKr-h1 remarkably reduced the transcription of LeVg and LeVgR, disrupted the production of Vg in fat body and the uptake of Vg by oocytes, and ultimately led to a decline in fecundity. The results indicated that the JH signaling pathway was essential to the reproductive process of this species. Interestingly, knockdown of LeMet or LeKr-h1 also resulted in fluctuations in the expression of FoxO, indicating the complex regulatory interactions between different hormone factors. Besides, knockdown of both LeMet and LeKr-h1 significantly increased L. entomophila mortality. Our study provides initial insight into the roles of JH signaling in the female reproduction of psocids and provided evidence that RNAi-mediated knockdown of Met or Kr-h1 is a potential pest control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin‐Bin Yang
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Yuan Miao
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Yu‐Jie Lu
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Sui‐Sui Wang
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Zheng‐Yan Wang
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Ya‐Ru Zhao
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina
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16
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Fang H, Wang X, Liu X, Michaud JP, Wu Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Li Z. Molecular characterization of insulin receptor (IR) in oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and elucidation of its regulatory roles in glucolipid homeostasis and metamorphosis through interaction with miR-982490. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:659-670. [PMID: 35690916 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As an intermediate molecule in the Insulin/Insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway (IIS), the insulin receptor (IR) plays vital roles linking nutritional signals to the downstream regulation of metabolic homeostasis, development, metamorphosis, reproduction and stress responses. In the present study, we describe the molecular characteristics of IR in the cosmopolitan fruit boring pest, Grapholita molesta, and its predicted posttranscription regulator miR-982490, and elucidate its regulatory roles in glucolipid homeostasis and metamorphosis. Phylogenetic and domain analyses indicate that lepidopteran IRs normally cluster within families, and that four main domains are conserved in GmIR and those of other Lepidoptera. Bio-informatic prediction, synchronic expression profile evaluation and dual luciferase reporter assays indicated negative regulation of GmIR by miR-982490. Injection of miR-982490 agomir into fifth instar larvae yielded effects similar to dsGmIR injection, resulting in enhanced levels of trehalose and triglyceride in haemolymph, and reduced pupation success and pupal weight, both of which could be rescued by co-injection of dsGmIR and miR-982490 antagomir. We infer that GmIR regulates glucolipid homeostasis and affects G. molesta metamorphosis via interactions with its posttranscriptional regulator miR-982490. This study expands our understanding of the regulatory network of IIS in insect nutritional homeostasis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Fang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas, USA
| | - Yanan Wu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaijiang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Pomology, Liaoning, China
| | - Yisong Li
- The College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Effect of Insulin Receptor on Juvenile Hormone Signal and Fecundity in Spodoptera litura (F.). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13080701. [PMID: 36005325 PMCID: PMC9409390 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (F.), exemplifies strong reproductive capacities and damages many agricultural crops. The insulin signaling pathway is known as a key determinant of female reproduction in insects. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms in these processes are poorly studied. Here, we injected bovine insulin into the newly emerged moth, resulting in gene expression changes in the insulin pathway, while knockdown of SlInR caused an inverse gene expression change involved in the insulin pathway. Further studies indicated that the content of JH-III, Vg, total proteins and triacylgycerol could be suppressed by SlInR dsRNA injection. Furthermore, stunted ovaries and lower fecundity were observed by RNAi. Our studies indicated that SlInR plays a key role in JH-III synthesis and the ovarian development in S. litura. Abstract Insulin signaling can regulate various physiological functions, such as energy metabolism and reproduction and so on, in many insects, including mosquito and locust. However, the molecular mechanism of this physiological process remains elusive. The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura, is one of the most important pests of agricultural crops around the world. In this study, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (SlPI3K), protein kinase B (SlAKT), target of rapamycin (SlTOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (SlS6K) and transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (SlCREB) genes, except transcription factor forkhead box class O (SlFoxO), can be activated by bovine insulin injection. Then, we studied the influence of the insulin receptor gene (SlInR) on the reproduction of S. litura using RNA interference technology. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that SlInR was most abundant in the head. The SlPI3K, SlAKT, SlTOR, SlS6K and SlCREB genes were decreased, except SlFoxO, after the SlInR gene knockdown. Further studies revealed that the expression of vitellogenin mRNA and protein, Methoprene-tolerant gene (SlMet), could be down-regulated by the injection of dsRNA of SlInR significantly. Furthermore, a depletion in the insulin receptor by RNAi significantly decreased the content of juvenile hormone III (JH-III), total proteins and triacylgycerol. These changes indicated that a lack of SlInR could impair ovarian development and decrease fecundity in S. litura. Our studies contribute to a comprehensive insight into reproduction, regulated by insulin and the juvenile hormone signaling pathway through nutrition, and a provide theoretical basis for the reproduction process in pest insects.
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18
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Hu YW, Wang SH, Tang Y, Xie GQ, Ding YJ, Xu QY, Tang B, Zhang L, Wang SG. Suppression of yolk formation, oviposition and egg quality of locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) infected by Paranosema locustae. Front Immunol 2022; 13:848267. [PMID: 35935997 PMCID: PMC9352533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Locusta migratoria manilensis is one of the most important agricultural pests in China. The locust has high fecundity and consumes large quantities of food, causing severe damage to diverse crops such as corn, sorghum, and rice. Immunity against pathogens and reproductive success are two important components of individual fitness, and many insects have a trade-off between reproduction and immunity when resources are limited, which may be an important target for pest control. In this study, adult females L. migratoria manilensis were treated with different concentrations (5 × 106 spores/mL or 2 × 107 spores/mL) of the entomopathogenic fungus Paranosema locustae. Effects of input to immunity on reproduction were studied by measuring feeding amount, enzyme activity, vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellogenin receptor (VgR) production, ovary development, and oviposition amount. When infected by P. locustae, feeding rate and phenol oxidase and lysozyme activities increased, mRNA expression of Vg and VgR genes decreased, and yolk deposition was blocked. Weight of ovaries decreased, with significant decreases in egg, length and weight.Thus, locusts used nutritive input required for reproduction to resist invasion by microsporidia. This leads to a decrease in expression of Vg and VgR genes inhibited ovarian development, and greatly decreased total fecundity. P. locustae at 2 × 107 spores/mL had a more obvious inhibitory effect on the ovarian development in migratory locusts. This study provides a detailed trade-off between reproduction and immune input of the female, which provides a reliable basis to find pest targets for biological control from those trade-off processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wen Hu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Tang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xie
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Juan Ding
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Ye Xu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Gui Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shi-Gui Wang,
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Jiang H, Zhang N, Ge H, Wei J, Xu X, Meng X, Qian K, Zheng Y, Wang J. S6K1 acts through FOXO to regulate juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 140:104405. [PMID: 35679992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the downstream effector of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) signaling pathway, the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) is an important regulator of insect reproduction, however, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. In this study, a S6K gene, named TcS6K1, was isolated from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Analysis of temporal and spatial expression patterns revealed that TcS6K1 is expressed at the highest level in the one-day-old first instar larvae and head of 7-day-old females, respectively. RNAi-mediated knockdown of TcS6K1 in either female or male adults decreased the number of eggs laid, with a concomitant reduction of mRNA levelsof vitellogenin genes, TcVg1 and TcVg2, two male accessory gland secretory proteins, as well as the juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis-related gene, farnesol dehydrogenase (TcFDH). While the mRNA and protein levels of the transcription factor forkhead box O (TcFOXO) were not affected, suppression of TcS6K1 expression promoted TcFOXO nuclear translocation to exert its transcriptional action. Further RNAi and EMSA analysis revealed that TcFOXO negatively regulated the expression of TcFDH. These results indicate that S6K might regulate beetles' reproduction through FOXO/JH signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huichen Ge
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaping Wei
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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20
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Xie M, Zhong Y, Lin L, Zhang G, Su W, Ni W, Qu M, Chen H. Transcriptome analysis of Holotrichia oblita reveals differentially expressed unigenes related to reproduction and development under different photoperiods. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 42:100959. [PMID: 35033741 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Holotrichia oblita (Faldermann) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is an insect whose feeding and mating behaviors occur at night. A scotophase is necessary for H. oblita reproduction. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the expression patterns of H. oblita at five photoperiods (0:24, 8:16, 12:12, 16:8, and 24:0 h) (L:D). Compared to the control (24:0) (L:D), 161-684 differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) were found in female samples, while 698-2322 DEUs were found in male samples. For all DEUs, a total of 92-1143 DEUs were allocated to 116-662 categories of gene ontology (GO), and 81-1116 DEUs were assigned into 77-286 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The iPath diagram showed that the DEUs generated by comparing female and male samples with photoperiods of 0:24 and 24:0, respectively, involved multiple metabolic pathways, such as carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, purine metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Most of these DEUs were upregulated. Finally, 13 DEUs related to reproduction and development were selected to confirm the consistency of relative expression between RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Most of these comparison results agreed well, except for some qRT-PCR results that were not detected in male samples due to their low expression. These results provide useful information for understanding the dark-induced reproduction of H. oblita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xie
- Anhui-CABI Joint laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Yongzhi Zhong
- Anhui-CABI Joint laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Lulu Lin
- Anhui-CABI Joint laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Guangling Zhang
- Anhui-CABI Joint laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Weihua Su
- Anhui-CABI Joint laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - WanLi Ni
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Mingjing Qu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Haoliang Chen
- Anhui-CABI Joint laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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21
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Chen D, Han HL, Li WJ, Wang JJ, Wei D. Expression and Role of Vitellogenin Genes in Ovarian Development of Zeugodacus cucurbitae. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050452. [PMID: 35621787 PMCID: PMC9143374 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vg) genes encode the major egg yolk protein precursor in arthropods. In this study, four Vgs were identified in Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett). Sequence analysis showed that four ZcVgs had the conserved Vg domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that four ZcVgs were homologous to the Vgs of Tephritidae insects. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of ZcVgs were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the four ZcVgs showed high expression levels in female adults, especially in the fat body. The expression of ZcVg1 and ZcVg3 was down-regulated by a low dosage (0.5 μg) of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and ZcVg2, ZcVg3, and ZcVg4 were up-regulated by a high dosage (1.0 and 2.0 μg) of 20E. The expression of ZcVg1 and ZcVg2 was up-regulated by 5 μg of juvenile hormone (JH), while all of the ZcVgs were down-regulated by a low and high dosage of JH. Expression of ZcVgs was down-regulated after 24 h of starvation and recovered to normal after nutritional supplementation. After micro-injection of the gene-specific double-stranded RNA, the ZcVgs’ expression was significantly suppressed, and ovarian development was delayed in Z. cucurbitae females. The results indicate that RNA interference of reproduction-related genes is a potential pest control method that works by manipulating female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.C.); (H.-L.H.); (W.-J.L.); (J.-J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong-Liang Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.C.); (H.-L.H.); (W.-J.L.); (J.-J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei-Jun Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.C.); (H.-L.H.); (W.-J.L.); (J.-J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.C.); (H.-L.H.); (W.-J.L.); (J.-J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.C.); (H.-L.H.); (W.-J.L.); (J.-J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-23-6825-0653
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22
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Li J, Liu J, Chi B, Chen P, Liu Y. 20E and MAPK signal pathway involved in the effect of reproduction caused by cyantraniliprole in Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:63-72. [PMID: 34418274 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is a common phenomenon that insecticides affect insect reproduction and insect hormones. After cyantraniliprole treatment, the egg production and remating behavior of female Bactrocera dorsalis were affected, a phenomenon of 'hormesis' appeared, but the change at the molecular level was unknown. Therefore, we investigated the fertility, insect hormone titers and transcription levels and used RNAi to prove the function of genes, to explore the molecular mechanism of cyantraniliprole causing reproductive changes in female B. dorsalis. RESULTS LC20 treatment promoted egg production, while LC50 treatment inhibited it. Both high and low concentrations inhibited female ovaries' development and reduced the length of the ovarian tubes. Among insect hormones, only the titer of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) changed significantly. According to the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of RNA-seq, there are significant differences in insect hormone synthesis and MAPK signal pathways between treatments. Furthermore, 20E biosynthetic genes, BdVgs and BdVgR were all down-regulated, and multiple MAPK signaling pathway genes were up-regulated. Based on qRT-PCR, the expression of BdCyp307A1, BdCyp302A1, BdMEKK4 and BdMAP2K6 within 1-11 days after treatment were consistent with the change of 20E titer. The BdVg1 and BdVg2 in LC50 were still suppressed, while the LC20 returned to normal in 9-11 days. RNAi indicated that BdMEKK4 and BdMAP2K6 participated in the transcriptional regulation of BdCyp307A1 and BdCyp302A1, then affected the levels of BdVgs. CONCLUSION Cyantraniliprole affected 20E through MAPK signal pathway, causing many genes to be down-regulated during the early period but up-regulated during the late period, ultimately affecting the reproduction of B. dorsalis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China
| | - Baojie Chi
- Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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23
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Li J, Zhu Z, Bi J, Feng Q, Beerntsen BT, Song Q. Neuropeptide Bursicon Influences Reproductive Physiology in Tribolium Castaneum. Front Physiol 2021; 12:717437. [PMID: 34744761 PMCID: PMC8567023 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.717437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bursicon is a neuropeptide belonging to the cystine knot family and is composed of burs and partner of burs (pburs) subunits. It can form heterodimers or homodimers to execute different biological functions. Bursicon heterodimers regulate cuticle sclerotization and wing maturation, whereas bursicon homodimers mediate innate immunity and midgut stem cell proliferation. A recent study has shown that bursicon potentially induces the expression of vitellogenin (Vg) in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of bursicon in the reproductive physiology of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. The knockdown of burs, pburs, or its receptor T. castaneum rickets (Tcrk) in 2-day pupae significantly downregulated the expression levels of Vg1, Vg2, and Vg receptor (VgR) genes in females 3- and 5-day post-adult emergence, leading to abnormal oocytes with limited Vg content. The silencing of burs repressed the number of eggs laid and completely inhibited egg hatch, whereas the silencing of pburs dramatically decreased the number of eggs laid, hatch rate, and offspring larval size, and this RNA interference (RNAi) effects persisted to the next generation. Furthermore, the knockdown of burs or pburs downregulated the expression of the insulin/insulin-like signaling/target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling genes encoding insulin receptor (InR), protein kinase B (Akt), TOR, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K). Most importantly, the injection of recombinant pburs (r-pburs) protein was able to upregulate the expression of Vg, VgR, InR, Akt, TOR, S6K, JH synthesis (JHAMT), Methoprene-tolerant (Met), and Taiman (Tai) in normal females and rescue the expression of Vg and VgR in pburs RNAi females but failed to rescue Vg and VgR in Tcrk knockdown females. We infer that bursicon homodimers influence Vg expression via the receptor Tcrk, possibly by mediating the expression of the juvenile hormone (JH) and IIS/TOR pathway genes, thereby regulating reproduction in T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zidan Zhu
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Institution of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Product, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Brenda T Beerntsen
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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24
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Xu KK, Yan Y, Yan SY, Xia PL, Yang WJ, Li C, Yang H. Disruption of the Serine/Threonine Kinase Akt Gene Affects Ovarian Development and Fecundity in the Cigarette Beetle, Lasioderma serricorne. Front Physiol 2021; 12:765819. [PMID: 34690822 PMCID: PMC8529032 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.765819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase Akt, an important component of the insulin signaling pathway, plays an essential role in many physiological processes. In this study, we identified and characterized an Akt gene (designated LsAkt) from the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne. LsAkt contains a 1614 bp open reading frame encoding a 537 amino acid protein that possesses a conserved pleckstrin homology domain and a serine/threonine kinase domain. The expression of LsAkt was high in pupal stages and peaked in day-4 female pupae. In adult tissues, LsAkt was highly expressed in the thorax, ovary, and midgut. The expression of LsAkt was induced by methoprene or bovine insulin in vivo, but significantly decreased by 20-hydroxyecdysone. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of LsAkt resulted in severely blocked ovarian development and reduced fecundity and hatchability. The vitellogenin (Vg) content and juvenile hormone (JH) titers of LsAkt-depletion beetles were decreased, and expressions of Vg and four JH signaling and biosynthetic genes were significantly decreased. Silencing of LsAkt reduced the amounts of glucose, glycogen, and trehalose in female adults and affected the expressions of seven key carbohydrate metabolic genes. Taken together, it is inferred that Akt implicates in L. serricorne reproduction by modification of Vg synthesis, juvenile hormone production and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Kang Xu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shu-Yan Yan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Wen-Jia Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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25
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Xie MH, Zhong YZ, Lin LL, Zhang GL, Su WH, Ni WL, Qu MJ, Chen HL. Effect of Photoperiod on Longevity, Food Consumption, and Reproduction of Holotrichia oblita (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:1151-1157. [PMID: 34240131 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Holotrichia oblita (Faldermann) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a major soil insect pest that damages forest trees, crops, and lawns. Adults of H. oblita fly, forage, and mate at night but remain underground during the day. We studied the effect of photoperiod on H. oblita reproduction. H. oblita females laid more eggs at 8:16 (L:D) h and 0:24 (L:D) h than other photoperiods. As the scotophase increased, the preoviposition period decreased and the oviposition period increased. Female longevity exceeded that of males at all photoperiods, and both males and females at 0:24 (L:D) h had the shortest longevity. The number of eggs laid per female increased with increasing food consumption. Females at 8:16 (L:D) h had the greatest food consumption and laid the most eggs, while females at 24:0 (L:D) h had the lowest food consumption and laid few eggs. The food intake of adults increased gradually and decreased slowly after reaching a peak. Females began to lay eggs when their food consumption reached a maximum. These results indicate that a scotophase is necessary for the reproduction of H. oblita. A long scotophase promotes greater oviposition. The effect of photoperiod on reproduction is affected by food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Xie
- Anhui-CABI Joint laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhi Zhong
- Anhui-CABI Joint laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Lu-Lu Lin
- Anhui-CABI Joint laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Guang-Ling Zhang
- Anhui-CABI Joint laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Wei-Hua Su
- Anhui-CABI Joint laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Wan-Li Ni
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ming-Jing Qu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hao-Liang Chen
- Anhui-CABI Joint laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, PR China
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26
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Ayala-Ortiz CO, Farriester JW, Pratt CJ, Goldkamp AK, Matts J, Hoback WW, Gustafson JE, Hagen DE. Effect of food source availability in the salivary gland transcriptome of the unique burying beetle Nicrophorus pustulatus (Coleoptera: Silphidae). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255660. [PMID: 34555059 PMCID: PMC8460033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicrophorus is a genus of beetles that bury and transform small vertebrate carcasses into a brood ball coated with their oral and anal secretions to prevent decay and that will serve as a food source for their young. Nicrophorus pustulatus is an unusual species with the ability to overtake brood of other burying beetles and whose secretions, unlike other Nicrophorus species, has been reported not to exhibit antimicrobial properties. This work aims to better understand how the presence or absence of a food source influences the expression of genes involved in the feeding process of N. pustulatus. To achieve that, total RNA was extracted from pooled samples of salivary gland tissue from N. pustulatus and sequenced using an Illumina platform. The resulting reads were used to assemble a de novo transcriptome using Trinity. Duplicates with more than 95% similarity were removed to obtain a "unigene" set. Annotation of the unigene set was done using the Trinotate pipeline. Transcript abundance was determined using Kallisto and differential gene expression analysis was performed using edgeR. A total of 651 genes were found to be differentially expressed, including 390 upregulated and 261 downregulated genes in fed insects compared to starved. Several genes upregulated in fed beetles are associated with the insect immune response and detoxification processes with only one transcript encoding for the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) defensin. These results confirm that N. pustulatus does not upregulate the production of genes encoding AMPs during feeding. This study provides a snapshot of the changes in gene expression in the salivary glands of N. pustulatus following feeding while providing a well described transcriptome for the further analysis of this unique burying beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian O. Ayala-Ortiz
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jacob W. Farriester
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Carrie J. Pratt
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Anna K. Goldkamp
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jessica Matts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - W. Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - John E. Gustafson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Darren E. Hagen
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
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27
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Kang WN, Wang BY, Fu KY, Guo WC, Jin L, Li GQ. The Leptinotarsa forkhead transcription factor O exerts a key function during larval-pupal-adult transition. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 132:104266. [PMID: 34126099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FoxO) protein, a major downstream transcription factor of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling/target of rapamycin pathway (IIS/TOR), is involved in the regulation of larval growth and the determination of organ size. FoxO also interacts with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) signal transduction pathways, and hence is critical for larval development in holometabolans. However, whether FoxO plays a critical role during larval metamorphosis needs to be further determined in Leptinotarsa decemlineata. We found that 20E stimulated the expression of LdFoxO. RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knockdown of LdFoxO at the third-instar stage repressed 20E signaling and reduced larval weight. Although the resultant larvae survived through the third-fourth instar ecdysis, around 70% of the LdFoxO depleted moribund beetles developmentally arrested at prepupae stage. These LdFoxO depleted beetles were completely wrapped in the larval exuviae, gradually darkened and finally died. Moreover, approximately 12% of the LdFoxO RNAi beetles died as pharate adults. Ingestion of either 20E or JH by the LdFoxO depletion beetles excessively rescued the corresponding hormonal signals, but could not alleviate larval performance and restore defective phenotypes. Therefore, FoxO plays an important role in regulation of larval-pupal-adult transformation in L. decemlineata, in addition to mediation of IIS/TOR pathway and stimulation of ecdysteroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Nan Kang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing-Yao Wang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai-Yun Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; Key Laboratory of Intergraded Management of Harmful Crop Vermin of China North-western Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Wen-Chao Guo
- Institute of Microbiological Application, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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28
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Chowański S, Walkowiak-Nowicka K, Winkiel M, Marciniak P, Urbański A, Pacholska-Bogalska J. Insulin-Like Peptides and Cross-Talk With Other Factors in the Regulation of Insect Metabolism. Front Physiol 2021; 12:701203. [PMID: 34267679 PMCID: PMC8276055 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.701203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like peptide (ILP) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathways play a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism, growth and development, fecundity, stress resistance, and lifespan. ILPs are encoded by multigene families that are expressed in nervous and non-nervous organs, including the midgut, salivary glands, and fat body, in a tissue- and stage-specific manner. Thus, more multidirectional and more complex control of insect metabolism can occur. ILPs are not the only factors that regulate metabolism. ILPs interact in many cross-talk interactions of different factors, for example, hormones (peptide and nonpeptide), neurotransmitters and growth factors. These interactions are observed at different levels, and three interactions appear to be the most prominent/significant: (1) coinfluence of ILPs and other factors on the same target cells, (2) influence of ILPs on synthesis/secretion of other factors regulating metabolism, and (3) regulation of activity of cells producing/secreting ILPs by various factors. For example, brain insulin-producing cells co-express sulfakinins (SKs), which are cholecystokinin-like peptides, another key regulator of metabolism, and express receptors for tachykinin-related peptides, the next peptide hormones involved in the control of metabolism. It was also shown that ILPs in Drosophila melanogaster can directly and indirectly regulate AKH. This review presents an overview of the regulatory role of insulin-like peptides in insect metabolism and how these factors interact with other players involved in its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Walkowiak-Nowicka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winkiel
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Pawel Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Urbański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.,HiProMine S.A., Robakowo, Poland
| | - Joanna Pacholska-Bogalska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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29
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HuangFu N, Zhu X, Chang G, Wang L, Li D, Zhang K, Gao X, Ji J, Luo J, Cui J. Dynamic transcriptome analysis and Methoprene-tolerant gene knockdown reveal that juvenile hormone regulates oogenesis and vitellogenin synthesis in Propylea Japonica. Genomics 2021; 113:2877-2889. [PMID: 34116170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Propylea japonica has been regarded as one of the most remarkable natural enemies against aphid in China. However, the mechanism of juvenile hormone (JH) regulation of reproduction in P. japonica is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the JH titers of P. japonica and the development of the ovaries. We selected the six different developmental stages of ladybeetle females for transcriptome sequencing. We identified 583 genes involved in insect reproduction regulation, including 107 insect hormone synthesis signaling pathway-related genes and 476 nutrition-sensing signaling pathway-related genes. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a large number JH synthesis- and metabolism-related enzyme genes and some potential nutrient signal sensing- and transduction-related genes were significantly differentially expressed during P. japonica development. We investigated the effects of Met gene silencing on the reproduction of female adults and found that the ovarian maturation, vitellogenesis, and follicular epithelium development in the dsMet treatment group were significantly inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo HuangFu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Guofeng Chang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Junyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jinjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Leyria J, Orchard I, Lange AB. The involvement of insulin/ToR signaling pathway in reproductive performance of Rhodnius prolixus. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 130:103526. [PMID: 33453353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulins are peptide hormones widely studied for their important regulatory roles in metabolism, growth and development. In insects, insulin signaling along with the target of rapamycin (ToR) are involved in detecting and interpreting nutrient levels. Recently, by transcriptome analysis we reported an up-regulation of transcripts involved in insulin/ToR signaling in unfed Rhodnius prolixus; however, this signaling pathway is only activated in fed insects. Here, continuing with the blood-gorging triatomine R. prolixus as a model, we report the direct effect of insulin/ToR signaling on reproductive performance. By immunofluorescence we identified cells in the brain with positive signal to the R. prolixus ILP (Rhopr-ILP1) and show that the insulin receptor and protein effectors downstream of insulin/ToR signaling activation, are differentially expressed in ovarian follicles dependent on their developmental stage. Using qPCR we find that the expression of transcripts involved in insulin signaling in the central nervous system (CNS), fat body and ovaries increase as the state of starvation progresses, promoting a more highly sensitized state to respond rapidly to ILP/IGF levels. In addition, using dsRNA injection and in vivo and ex vivo assays to promote signaling activation we demonstrate a direct participation of insulin/ToR signaling in coordinating the synthesis of the main yolk protein precursor, vitellogenin, thereby influencing the numbers of eggs laid per female. We thereby show a mechanism by which nutritional signaling regulates reproductive performance in a vector of Chagas disease. As reproduction is responsible for propagation of insect populations, this work is important for the development of innovative biocontrol methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Leyria
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
| | - Angela B Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
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Wang W, Yang RR, Peng LY, Zhang L, Yao YL, Bao YY. Proteolytic activity of the proteasome is required for female insect reproduction. Open Biol 2021; 11:200251. [PMID: 33622101 PMCID: PMC8061697 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-ATPase regulatory subunits (Rpns) are components of the 26S proteasome involved in polyubiquitinated substrate recognition and deubiquitination in eukaryotes. Here, we identified 15 homologues sequences of Rpn and associated genes by searching the genome and transcriptome databases of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, a hemipteran rice pest. Temporospatial analysis showed that NlRpn genes were significantly highly expressed in eggs and ovaries but were less-highly expressed in males. RNA interference-mediated depletion of NlRpn genes decreased the proteolytic activity of proteasome and impeded the transcription of lipase and vitellogenin genes in the fat bodies and ovaries in adult females, and reduced the triglyceride content in the ovaries. Decrease of the proteolytic activity of the proteasome via knockdown of NlRpns also inhibited the transcription of halloween genes, including NlCYP307A2, NlCYP306A2 and NlCYP314A1, in the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthetic pathway in the ovaries, reduced 20E production in adult females, and impaired ovarian development and oocyte maturation, resulting in reduced fecundity. These novel findings indicate that the proteolytic activity of the proteasome is required for female reproductive processes in N. lugens, thus furthering our understanding of the reproductive and developmental strategies in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,School of Biological Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Yan-Yuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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32
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Wu Z, Yang L, He Q, Zhou S. Regulatory Mechanisms of Vitellogenesis in Insects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:593613. [PMID: 33634094 PMCID: PMC7901893 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenesis is pre-requisite to insect egg production and embryonic development after oviposition. During insect vitellogenesis, the yolk protein precursor vitellogenin (Vg) is mainly synthesized in the fat body, transported by the hemolymph through the intercellular spaces (known as patency) in the follicular epithelium to reach the membrane of maturing oocytes, and sequestered into the maturing oocytes via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Insect vitellogenesis is governed by two critical hormones, the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone (JH) and the ecdysteriod 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). JH acts as the principal gonadotropic hormone to stimulate vitellogenesis in basal hemimetabolous and most holometabolous insects. 20E is critical for vitellogenesis in some hymenopterans, lepidopterans and dipterans. Furthermore, microRNA (miRNA) and nutritional (amino acid/Target of Rapamycin and insulin) pathways interplay with JH and 20E signaling cascades to control insect vitellogenesis. Revealing the regulatory mechanisms underlying insect vitellogenesis is critical for understanding insect reproduction and helpful for developing new strategies of insect pest control. Here, we outline the recent research progress in the molecular action of gonadotropic JH and 20E along with the role of miRNA and nutritional sensor in regulating insect vitellogenesis. We highlight the advancements in the regulatory mechanisms of insect vitellogenesis by the coordination of hormone, miRNA and nutritional signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Libin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiongjie He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shutang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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33
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Laphyai P, Kruangkum T, Chotwiwatthanakun C, Semchuchot W, Thaijongrak P, Sobhon P, Tsai PS, Vanichviriyakit R. Suppression of a Novel Vitellogenesis-Inhibiting Hormone Significantly Increases Ovarian Vitellogenesis in the Black Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:760538. [PMID: 34867802 PMCID: PMC8634883 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.760538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone-type II gene (CHH-type II) was identified and biologically characterized in a shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Based on its structure and function, this gene was named P. monodon vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (PemVIH). The complete cDNA sequence of PemVIH consisted of 1,022 nt with an open reading frame (ORF) of 339 nt encoding a polypeptide of 112 amino acids. It was classified as a member of the CHH-type II family based on conserved cysteine residues, a characteristically positioned glycine residue, and the absence of CHH precursor-related peptide (CPRP) domain. The deduced mature PemVIH shared the highest sequence similarities with giant river prawn sinus gland peptide A. Unlike P. monodon gonad-inhibiting hormone (PemGIH), PemVIH was expressed only in the brain and ventral nerve cord, but not the eyestalks. Whole mount immunofluorescence using a newly generated PemVIH antiserum detected positive signals in neuronal cluster 9/11 and 17 of the brain, commissural ganglion (CoG), and neuronal clusters of ventral nerve cord. The presence of PemVIH-positive neurons in CoG, a part of stomatogastric nervous system, suggested a potential mechanism for crosstalk between nutritional and reproductive signaling. The role of PemVIH in vitellogenesis was evaluated using RNA interference technique. Temporal knockdown of PemVIH in female subadults resulted in a 3-fold increase in ovarian vitellogenin expression, suggesting an inhibitory role of PemVIH in vitellogenesis. This study provided novel insight into the control of vitellogenesis and additional strategies for improving ovarian maturation in P. monodon without the current harmful practice of eyestalk ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaivit Laphyai
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanapong Kruangkum
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Charoonroj Chotwiwatthanakun
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Academic and Curriculum Division, Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan, Thailand
| | - Wanita Semchuchot
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, Thailand
| | - Prawporn Thaijongrak
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pei-San Tsai
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit,
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34
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Zhu H, Zheng S, Xu J, Wu Q, Song Q, Ge L. The Amino Acid-Mediated TOR Pathway Regulates Reproductive Potential and Population Growth in Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae). Front Physiol 2020; 11:617237. [PMID: 33329069 PMCID: PMC7733968 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.617237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The predatory mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter, feeds on brown planthopper (BPH) eggs that are deposited on rice and gramineous plants surrounding rice fields. The development and reproduction of C. lividipennis are inhibited by feeding on BPH eggs from gramineous species, and the underlining regulatory mechanism for this phenomenon is unclear. In the present study, HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the concentrations of six amino acids (AAs:Ala, Arg, Ser, Lys, Thr, and Pro) were significantly higher in rice than in five gramineous species. When C. lividipennis fed on gramineous plants with BPH eggs, expression of several genes in the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway (Rheb, TOR, and S6K) were significantly lower than that in the insects fed on rice plants with BPH eggs. Treatment of C. lividipennis females with rapamycin, dsRheb, dsTOR, or dsS6K caused a decrease in Rheb, TOR, and S6K expression, and these effects were partially rescued by the juvenile hormone (JH) analog, methoprene. Dietary dsTOR treatment significantly influenced a number of physiological parameters and resulted in impaired predatory capacity, fecundity, and population growth. This study indicates that these six AAs play an important role in the mediated-TOR pathway, which in turn regulates vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis, reproduction, and population growth in C. lividipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sui Zheng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Xu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Linquan Ge
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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35
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Silva-Oliveira G, De Paula IF, Medina JM, Alves-Bezerra M, Gondim KC. Insulin receptor deficiency reduces lipid synthesis and reproductive function in the insect Rhodnius prolixus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158851. [PMID: 33160077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of Chagas disease, is a hematophagous insect that feeds exclusively on blood. Each blood meal is digested within the first fourteen days after feeding, providing substrates for lipid synthesis for storage and egg production. These events are precisely regulated and emerging evidence points to a key function of insulin-like peptides (ILPs) in this control. Here we investigated the role of insulin receptor in the regulation of nutrient metabolism in fed adult females. The expression of insulin receptor (RhoprIR) gene was determined in adult organs, and it was highest in ovaries and previtellogenic follicles. We generated insects with RNAi-mediated knockdown of RhoprIR to address the physiological role of this receptor. RhoprIR deficiency improved longevity and reduced triacylglycerol storage in the fat body, whereas blood digestion remained unchanged for seven days after blood meal. The lower lipid content was attributable to decreased de novo lipogenesis as well as reduced incorporation of hemolymph-derived fatty acids into newly synthesized lipids within this organ. Consistent with that, fat bodies from RhoprIR-deficient insects exhibited decreased gene expression levels of lipophorin receptor (RhoprLpR), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 and 4 (RhoprGpat1 and RhoprGpat4), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (RhoprCpt1). Although hemolymph lipid profile was not affected by RhoprIR disruption, the concentration of circulating vitellogenin was increased. In line with these changes, RhoprIR-deficient females exhibited smaller ovaries and a marked reduction in oviposition. Taken together, these findings support a key role of insulin receptor in nutrient homeostasis, lipid synthesis and egg production following a blood meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleidson Silva-Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iron F De Paula
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge M Medina
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michele Alves-Bezerra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Katia C Gondim
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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36
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Zhu S, Liu F, Zeng H, Li N, Ren C, Su Y, Zhou S, Wang G, Palli SR, Wang J, Qin Y, Li S. Insulin/IGF signaling and TORC1 promote vitellogenesis via inducing juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the American cockroach. Development 2020; 147:147/20/dev188805. [PMID: 33097549 DOI: 10.1242/dev.188805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitellogenesis, including vitellogenin (Vg) production in the fat body and Vg uptake by maturing oocytes, is of great importance for the successful reproduction of adult females. The endocrinal and nutritional regulation of vitellogenesis differs distinctly in insects. Here, the complex crosstalk between juvenile hormone (JH) and the two nutrient sensors insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) and target of rapamycin complex1 (TORC1), was investigated to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of vitellogenesis regulation in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana Our data showed that a block of JH biosynthesis or JH action arrested vitellogenesis, in part by inhibiting the expression of doublesex (Dsx), a key transcription factor gene involved in the sex determination cascade. Depletion of IIS or TORC1 blocked both JH biosynthesis and vitellogenesis. Importantly, the JH analog methoprene, but not bovine insulin (to restore IIS) and amino acids (to restore TORC1 activity), restored vitellogenesis in the neck-ligated (IIS-, TORC1- and JH-deficient) and rapamycin-treated (TORC1- and JH-deficient) cockroaches. Combining classic physiology with modern molecular techniques, we have demonstrated that IIS and TORC1 promote vitellogenesis, mainly via inducing JH biosynthesis in the American cockroach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huanchao Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Na Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Chonghua Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yunlin Su
- Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement Center South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shutang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yiru Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China .,Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
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37
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Wu Z, He Q, Zeng B, Zhou H, Zhou S. Juvenile hormone acts through FoxO to promote Cdc2 and Orc5 transcription for polyploidy-dependent vitellogenesis. Development 2020; 147:dev.188813. [PMID: 32907849 DOI: 10.1242/dev.188813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vg) is a prerequisite for egg production and embryonic development after ovipositioning in oviparous animals. In many insects, juvenile hormone (JH) promotes fat body cell polyploidization for the massive Vg synthesis required for the maturation of multiple oocytes, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using the migratory locust Locusta migratoria as a model system, we report here that JH induces the dephosphorylation of Forkhead box O transcription factor (FoxO) through a signaling cascade including leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 (LCMT1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). JH promotes PP2A activity via LCMT1-mediated methylation, consequently triggering FoxO dephosphorylation. Dephosphorylated FoxO binds to the upstream region of two endocycle-related genes, cell-division-cycle 2 (Cdc2) and origin-recognition-complex subunit 5 (Orc5), and activates their transcription. Depletion of FoxO, Cdc2 or Orc5 results in blocked polyploidization of fat body cells, accompanied by markedly reduced Vg expression, impaired oocyte maturation and arrested ovarian development. The results suggest that JH acts via LCMT1-PP2A-FoxO to regulate Cdc2 and Orc5 expression, and to enhance ploidy of fat body cells in preparation for the large-scale Vg synthesis required for synchronous maturation of multiple eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiongjie He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Baojuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Haodan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shutang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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38
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Zhang L, Cheng L, Chapman JW, Sappington TW, Liu J, Cheng Y, Jiang X. Juvenile hormone regulates the shift from migrants to residents in adult oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11626. [PMID: 32669571 PMCID: PMC7363820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In migratory insects, increasing evidence has demonstrated juvenile hormone (JH) is involved in regulating adult reproduction and flight. Our previous study demonstrated that the switch from migrants to residents in Mythimna separata could be induced by adverse environmental conditions during a sensitive period in adulthood (the first day post-emergence), but the role of JH in this switch is not clear. Here, we found a significantly different pattern of JH titers between migrants and residents, with migrants showing a slower release of JH during adulthood than residents. Application of JH analogue (JHA) in the 1-day-old adults, significantly accelerated adult reproduction and suppressed flight capacity. The pre-oviposition period and period of first oviposition of migrants treated with JHA were significantly shorter, while the total lifetime fecundity and mating percentage increased. The flight capacity and dorso-longitudinal muscle size of the migrants were decreased significantly when treated with JHA. The effect of JHA on reproduction and flight capacity indicate that JH titers during the sensitive period (first day post-emergence) regulates the shift from migrants to residents in M. separata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lili Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jason W Chapman
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, and Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.,Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Thomas W Sappington
- USDA-ARS Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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39
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Transcriptomic analysis of regulatory pathways involved in female reproductive physiology of Rhodnius prolixus under different nutritional states. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11431. [PMID: 32651410 PMCID: PMC7351778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The triatomine Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of the etiological agent of Chagas disease, has long been used as model to understand important aspects of insect physiology. Despite this history, the impact of the nutritional state on regulatory pathways associated with reproductive performance in triatomines has never been studied. The insulin-like peptide/target of rapamycin (ILP/ToR) signaling pathway is typically responsible for detecting and interpreting nutrient levels. Here, we analyzed transcriptomes from the central nervous system, fat bodies and ovaries of adult females in unfed and fed conditions, with a focus on the ILP/ToR signaling. The results show an up-regulation of transcripts involved in ILP/ToR signaling in unfed insects. However, we demonstrate that this signaling is only activated in tissues from fed insects. Moreover, we report that FoxO (forkhead box O) factor, which regulates longevity via ILP signaling, is responsible for the up-regulation of transcripts related with ILP/ToR signaling in unfed insects. As a consequence, we reveal that unfed females are in a sensitized state to respond to an increase of ILP levels by rapidly activating ILP/ToR signaling. This is the first analysis that correlates gene expression and protein activation of molecules involved with ILP/ToR signaling in R. prolixus females in different nutritional states.
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The Desaturase Gene Nlug-desatA2 Regulates the Performance of the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and Its Relationship with Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114143. [PMID: 32532001 PMCID: PMC7312190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect desaturases are known to play an important role in chemical communication between individuals. However, their roles in insect growth, development and fecundity, and in regulating interactions of insects with plants, remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the functions of Nlug-desatA2, a desaturase gene of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). The RNA interference-based knockdown of Nlug-desatA2 decreased the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, and the level of fatty acids and triglycerides in BPH. Nlug-desatA2-knockdown also reduced the food intake, body mass and fecundity of female BPH adults, and led to abdomen atrophy and ovarian agenesis. Nlug-desatA2-knockdown suppressed the transcription of TOR (target of rapamycin), Lpp (Lipophorin) and AKHR (adipokinetic hormone receptor) in female adults. Moreover, the corrected survival rate of BPH with Nlug-desatA2-knockdown fed an artificial diet was higher than the survival rate of those fed on rice plants. Higher levels of salicylic acid in rice infested by Nlug-desatA2-knockdown female BPH adults than in rice infested by control BPH may be the reason. These findings demonstrate that Nlug-desatA2 has an essential role in lipid metabolism and is involved in the food intake, survival, development and fecundity of BPH. In addition, this gene is likely involved in regulating the responses of rice to BPH infestation.
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Song X, Pei L, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhong Q, Ji Y, Tang J, Feng F, Li B. Functional diversification of three delta-class glutathione S-transferases involved in development and detoxification in Tribolium castaneum. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:320-336. [PMID: 31999035 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are members of a multifunctional enzyme superfamily. Forty-one GSTs have been identified in Tribolium castaneum; however, none of the 41 GSTs has been functionally characterized. Here, three delta-class GSTs, TcGSTd1, TcGSTd2 and TcGSTd3, of T. castaneum were successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. All of the studied GSTs catalysed the conjugation of reduced glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Insecticide treatment showed that the expression levels of TcGSTd3 and TcGSTd2 were significantly increased after exposure to phoxim and lambda-cyhalothrin, whereas TcGSTd1 was slightly upregulated only in response to phoxim. A disc diffusion assay showed that overexpression of TcGSTD3, but not TcGSTD1 or TcGSTD2, in E. coli increased resistance to paraquat-induced oxidative stress. RNA interference knockdown of TcGSTd1 caused metamorphosis deficiencies and reduced fecundity by regulating insulin/target-of-rapamycin signalling pathway-mediated ecdysteroid biosynthesis, and knockdown of TcGSTd3 led to reduced fertility and a decreased hatch rate of the offspring, probably caused by the reduced antioxidative activity in the reproductive organs. These results indicate that TcGSTd3 and TcGSTd2 may play vital roles in cellular detoxification, whereas TcGSTd1 may play essential roles in normal development of T. castaneum. These delta-class GSTs in T. castaneum have obtained different functions during the evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Pei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - B Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Han B, Zhang T, Feng Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Chen H, Zeng F, Wang M, Liu C, Li Y, Cui J, Li Z, Mao J. Two insulin receptors coordinate oogenesis and oviposition via two pathways in the green lacewing, Chrysopa pallens. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 123:104049. [PMID: 32199917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insulin signalling in insects, as in mammals, regulates various physiological functions, such as reproduction. However, the molecular mechanism by which insulin signals orchestrate ovarian stem cell proliferation, vitellogenesis, and oviposition remains elusive. Here, we investigate the functions of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-serine/threonine kinase (Akt) pathway, GTPase Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and their downstream messengers in a natural predator, Chrysopa pallens, by the RNAi method. When C. pallens vitellogenin gene 1 (CpVg1) expression was knocked down, the follicle maturation was arrested and total fecundity was reduced. Silencing C. pallens insulin receptor 1 (CpInR1) suppressed Vg transcription and reduced egg mass and hatching rate. Depletion of C. pallens insulin receptor 2 (CpInR2) transcripts lowered Vg transcript level, hampered ovarian development and decreased reproductive output. Knockdown of C. pallens Akt (CpAkt) and C. pallens extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (Cperk) caused phenotypes similar to those caused by knockdown of CpInR2. Disruption of C. pallens transcription factor forkhead box O (CpFoxO) expression caused no significant effects on ovarian development, but sharply impaired total fecundity. Interference with the expression of C. pallens target of rapamycin (CpTor) gene and C. pallens cAMP-response element binding protein (CpCreb) gene led to a down-regulation of Vg transcription, blocking of ovariole growth, and decrease in egg quality. These results suggested the two CpInRs orchestrate oogenesis and oviposition via two signalling pathways to guarantee natural reproduction in the green lacewing, C. pallens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benfeng Han
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Yanjiao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaopin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuyan Li
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Zhaoqun Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjun Mao
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Koch EL, Guillaume F. Additive and mostly adaptive plastic responses of gene expression to multiple stress in Tribolium castaneum. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008768. [PMID: 32379753 PMCID: PMC7238888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is known to be highly responsive to the environment and important for adjustment of metabolism but there is also growing evidence that differences in gene regulation contribute to species divergence and differences among locally adapted populations. However, most studies so far investigated populations when divergence had already occurred. Selection acting on expression levels at the onset of adaptation to an environmental change has not been characterized. Understanding the mechanisms is further complicated by the fact that environmental change is often multivariate, meaning that organisms are exposed to multiple stressors simultaneously with potentially interactive effects. Here we use a novel approach by combining fitness and whole-transcriptome data in a large-scale experiment to investigate responses to drought, heat and their combination in Tribolium castaneum. We found that fitness was reduced by both stressors and their combined effect was almost additive. Expression data showed that stressor responses were acting independently and did not interfere physiologically. Since we measured expression and fitness within the same individuals, we were able to estimate selection on gene expression levels. We found that variation in fitness can be attributed to gene expression variation and that selection pressures were environment dependent and opposite between control and stress conditions. We could further show that plastic responses of expression were largely adaptive, i.e. in the direction that should increase fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L. Koch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University
of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Animal and Plant Science, University of Sheffield, Western
Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Guillaume
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University
of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Lin X, De Schutter K, Chafino S, Franch-Marro X, Martín D, Smagghe G. Target of rapamycin (TOR) determines appendage size during pupa formation of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 117:103902. [PMID: 31233769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The adult body size is species-specific and controlled by complex interactions between hormones and the IIS/TOR pathway. To analyze the role of target of rapamycin (TOR) in the growth and development of the insect, expression levels of TOR were silenced in the model and pest insect red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Injection of dsRNA into the last larval instar decreased pupal mass and size, while the amount of food intake by the larvae was not affected. These results place TcTOR downstream of nutrition as a transducer for nutritional signals to increase larval growth. In addition, TcTOR-silencing notably decreased the size of the adult appendages. Analysis of the wings and elytra revealed a decrease in cell size and number of these appendages in the TcTOR-silenced insects. This reduction in size was correlated with a decrease of transcriptional levels of marker genes controlling the cell cycle. Altogether, these results suggest a pivotal role for TcTOR in integrating nutritional signals and regulation of body and appendages growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyu Lin
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Silvia Chafino
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE), CSIC- Pompeu Fabra University, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Franch-Marro
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE), CSIC- Pompeu Fabra University, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Martín
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE), CSIC- Pompeu Fabra University, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Waltero C, de Abreu LA, Alonso T, Nunes-da-Fonseca R, da Silva Vaz I, Logullo C. TOR as a Regulatory Target in Rhipicephalus microplus Embryogenesis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:965. [PMID: 31417424 PMCID: PMC6684781 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryogenesis is a metabolically intensive process carried out under tightly controlled conditions. The insulin signaling pathway regulates glucose homeostasis and is essential for reproduction in metazoan model species. Three key targets are part of this signaling pathway: protein kinase B (PKB, or AKT), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and target of rapamycin (TOR). While the role of AKT and GSK-3 has been investigated during tick embryonic development, the role of TOR remains unknown. In this study, TOR and two other downstream effectors, namely S6 kinase (S6K) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), were investigated in in vitro studies using the tick embryonic cell line BME26. First, we show that exogenous insulin can stimulate TOR transcription. Second, TOR chemical inhibition led to a decrease in BME26 cell viability, loss of membrane integrity, and downregulation of S6K and 4E-BP1 transcription. Conversely, treating BME26 cells with chemical inhibitors of AKT or GSK-3 did not affect S6K and 4E-BP1 transcription, showing that TOR is specifically required to activate its downstream targets. To address the role of TOR in tick reproduction, in vivo studies were performed. Analysis of relative transcription during different stages of tick embryonic development showed different levels of transcription for TOR, and a maternal deposition of S6K and 4E-BP1 transcripts. Injection of TOR double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into partially fed females led to a slight delay in oviposition, an atypical egg external morphology, decreased vitellin content in eggs, and decreased larval hatching. Taken together, our data show that the TOR signaling pathway is important for tick reproduction, that TOR acts as a regulatory target in Rhipicephalus microplus embryogenesis and represents a promising target for the development of compounds for tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Waltero
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Araujo de Abreu
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thayná Alonso
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes-da-Fonseca
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Logullo
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gijbels M, Lenaerts C, Vanden Broeck J, Marchal E. Juvenile Hormone receptor Met is essential for ovarian maturation in the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10797. [PMID: 31346226 PMCID: PMC6658565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormones (JH) are key endocrine regulators produced by the corpora allata (CA) of insects. Together with ecdysteroids, as well as nutritional cues, JH coordinates different aspects of insect postembryonic development and reproduction. The function of the recently characterized JH receptor, Methoprene-tolerant (Met), appears to be conserved in different processes regulated by JH. However, its functional interactions with other hormonal signalling pathways seem highly dependent on the feeding habits and on the developmental and reproductive strategies employed by the insect species investigated. Here we report on the effects of RNA interference (RNAi) mediated SgMet knockdown during the first gonadotrophic cycle in female desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria). This voracious, phytophagous pest species can form migrating swarms that devastate field crops and harvests in several of the world’s poorest countries. A better knowledge of the JH signalling pathway may contribute to the development of novel, more target-specific insecticides to combat this very harmful swarming pest. Using RNAi, we show that the JH receptor Met is essential for ovarian maturation, vitellogenesis and associated ecdysteroid biosynthesis in adult female S. gregaria. Interestingly, knockdown of SgMet also resulted in a significant decrease of insulin-related peptide (SgIRP) and increase of neuroparsin (SgNP) 3 and 4 transcript levels in the fat body, illustrating the existence of an intricate regulatory interplay between different hormonal factors. In addition, SgMet knockdown in females resulted in delayed display of copulation behaviour with virgin males, when compared with dsGFP injected control animals. Moreover, we observed an incapacity of adult dsSgMet injected female locusts to oviposit during the time of the experimental setup. As such, SgMet is an essential gene playing crucial roles in the endocrine communication necessary for successful reproduction of the desert locust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Gijbels
- Research group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Zoological Institute, Naamsestraat 59 box 2465, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cynthia Lenaerts
- Research group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Zoological Institute, Naamsestraat 59 box 2465, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Research group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Zoological Institute, Naamsestraat 59 box 2465, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Elisabeth Marchal
- Research group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Zoological Institute, Naamsestraat 59 box 2465, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B- 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Liu H, Lin Y, Shen G, Gu J, Ruan Y, Wu J, Zhang Y, Li K, Long W, Jia L, Xia Q. A novel GATA transcription factor GATAβ4 promotes vitellogenin transcription and egg formation in the silkworm Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 107:10-18. [PMID: 30639701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
GATA transcription factors (GATAs) are widely expressed among various organisms and belong to the zinc finger protein family. GATA transcription factors play important roles in the proliferation, differentiation, and development of eukaryotes. Previous studies have shown that GATA participates in oogenesis by selective splicing in silkworms. In this study, we investigated the function of GATAs during vitellogenesis using female silkworms (Bombyx mori). Six types of GATA transcription factors were successfully cloned in the fat body of silkworms during the wandering stage and only BmGATAβ4 induced the activity of the Bombyx mori vitellogenin (BmVg) promoter. Furthermore, BmVg and BmGATAβ4 exhibited similar expression patterns in the fat body of female silkworms during the wandering stage. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, cell transfection assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that BmGATAβ4 was involved in regulating the transcription of BmVg by directly binding to the GATA cis-response element 1 (CRE1) and GATA cis-response element 2 (CRE2) in the promoter of the BmVg gene. RNA interference of BmGATAβ4 in female silkworms downregulated BmVg transcription, resulting in a decrease in egg size and shortening of the length of egg tubes relative to the control. In summary, our results indicated that BmGATAβ4 bound to the GATA CRE1 and CRE2 motifs in the BmVg promoter to upregulate BmVg expression in the fat body of female silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Guanwang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jianjian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yang Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jinxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Kairong Li
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Linbang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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48
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Santos CG, Humann FC, Hartfelder K. Juvenile hormone signaling in insect oogenesis. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 31:43-48. [PMID: 31109672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays a crucial role in insect reproduction, but its molecular mode of action only became clear within the last decade. We here review recent findings revealing the intricate crosstalk between JH and ecdysone signaling with nutrient sensing pathways in Drosophila melanogaster, Aedes aegypti, Tribolium castaneum and Locusta migratoria. The finding for a critical role of ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) in both molting and ooogenesis now also highlights the importance of an integrated view of development and reproduction. Furthermore, insights from non-model insects, especially so social Hymenoptera and termites, where JH function gradually becomes decoupled from reproduction and plays a role in division of labor, emphasize the need to consider life cycle and life history strategies when studying insect reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonçalves Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Klaus Hartfelder
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Lenaerts C, Monjon E, Van Lommel J, Verbakel L, Vanden Broeck J. Peptides in insect oogenesis. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 31:58-64. [PMID: 31109674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The physiological control of reproduction in insects depends on a combination of environmental and internal cues. In the adult stage, insects become sexually mature and generate gametes. In females, the latter process is designated as oogenesis. Peptides are a versatile class of extracellular signalling molecules that regulate many processes, including oogenesis. At present, the best documented physiological control mechanism of insect oogenesis is the insulin-related peptide signalling pathway. It regulates different stages of the process and provides a functional link between nutritional status and reproduction. Several other peptides have been shown to exert gonadoregulatory activities, but in most cases their exact mode of action still has to be unravelled and their effects on oogenesis could be direct or indirect. Some regulatory peptides, such as the Drosophila sex peptide, are being transferred from the male to the female during the mating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Lenaerts
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emilie Monjon
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joachim Van Lommel
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lina Verbakel
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Roy A, Palli SR. Epigenetic modifications acetylation and deacetylation play important roles in juvenile hormone action. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:934. [PMID: 30547764 PMCID: PMC6295036 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones are known to regulate gene expression. Antagonistic activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate transcriptional reprogramming during insect development as shown in Drosophila melanogaster and other insects. Juvenile hormones (JH) play vital roles in the regulation of growth, development, metamorphosis, reproduction and other physiological processes. However, our current understanding of epigenetic regulation of JH action is still limited. Hence, we studied the role of CREB binding protein (CBP, contains HAT domain) and Trichostatin A (TSA, HDAC inhibitor) on JH action. RESULTS Exposure of Tribolium castaneum cells (TcA cells) to JH or TSA caused an increase in expression of Kr-h1 (a known JH-response gene) and 31 or 698 other genes respectively. Knockdown of the gene coding for CBP caused a decrease in the expression of 456 genes including Kr-h1. Interestingly, the expression of several genes coding for transcription factors, nuclear receptors, P450 and fatty acid synthase family members that are known to mediate JH action were affected by CBP knockdown or TSA treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that acetylation and deacetylation mediated by HATs and HDACs play an important role in JH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Roy
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, EXTEMIT-K, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, Prague 6, 165 21 Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA
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