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Teslić N, Pojić M, Stupar A, Mandić A, Mišan A, Pavlić B. PhInd database - Polyphenol content in Agri-food by-products and trends in extraction technologies: A critical review. Food Chem 2024; 458:140474. [PMID: 39043067 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable Development Goal 12 and target 12.3 set by the United Nations aims to reduce"food waste" per capita global for 50% losses by 2030. Databases such as the PhInd could help us to achieve set goals via mapping the potential ways for valorization of polyphenols from the agri-food by-products and waste. Fruit by-products (73.2% of the PhInd entries) are the most studied sources of polyphenols and future studies might be more focused on vegetables. More than half (55.8%) of entries were evaluated polyphenols in samples created in laboratory. These samples could have significantly different composition from industrial samples. Solid-liquid extraction (53.5%) and solvents like water, ethanol and aqueous ethanol (51.5%) were the most often used for extraction of polyphenols. Green solvents as NADES (0.4%) are rarely used in studies and should be more explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Teslić
- University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Milica Pojić
- University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Alena Stupar
- University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Anamarija Mandić
- University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Mišan
- University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Branimir Pavlić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, BP, Serbia.
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Domínguez-Rodríguez G, Amador-Luna VM, Benešová K, Pernica M, Parada-Alfonso F, Ibáñez E. Biorefinery approach with green solvents for the valorization of Citrus reticulata leaves to obtain antioxidant and anticholinergic extracts. Food Chem 2024; 456:140034. [PMID: 38870823 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Citrus reticulata L leaves are one of the main post-harvest byproduct, containing bioactive compounds, that are usually undervalued. This work describes the development of a biorefinery process based on the application of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) followed by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES) to extract bioactive terpenoids and phenolic compounds from these leaves. Extraction temperature and pressure of SC-CO2 were optimized, obtaining the highest bioactive terpenoids content using 200 bar at 60 °C. A Box-Behnken experimental design showed that 57% of water in NaDES composed of Choline Chloride and Glycerol (1:2) as extraction solvent at 25 °C for 50 min were the optimal UAE-NaDES extraction conditions to obtain the highest bioactive phenolic content from the residue of the optimal SC-CO2 extraction. The optimum extract presented the highest bioactivity and polyphenol content determined by LC-DAD-MS compared with extracts obtained using only water or NaDES as solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victor M Amador-Luna
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karolína Benešová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Mostecká 7, 614 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Pernica
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Mostecká 7, 614 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fabián Parada-Alfonso
- High Pressure Laboratory, Food Chemistry Research Group, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Issa R, Al-Akayleh F, Alnsour L, Al-Sammarraie TR, Omari KW, Awwad SH. Antioxidant Activity and UHPLC-MS/MS Characterization of Polyphenol and Nicotine Content in Nicotiana Glauca Leaf Extracts: A Comparative Study of Conventional and Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction Methods. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2240. [PMID: 39204676 PMCID: PMC11359583 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The leaves of Nicotiana glauca (N. glauca; Solanaceae) plant are a known, major human health concern. This study investigated the antioxidant activity and polyphenols composition of aerial parts of N. glauca collected from its wild habitat in Jordan, using Methanol-Conventional (MC) and deep eutectic solvents (DES) extraction methods in addition to nicotine content determination using UHPLC. Our results showed that the MC extract contains fewer total phenols and flavonoid content than the 90% DES extract, (0.1194 ± 0.009 and 0.311 ± 0.020 mg/mL equivalent to gallic acid) and (0.01084 ± 0.005 and 0.928 ± 0.09 mg/mL equivalent to rutin), respectively. Moreover, this study showed that the prepared MC extract contain 635.07 ppm nicotine, while the 90% DES extract contain 1194.91 ppm nicotine. Extracts prepared using the MC and the DES methods exhibited weak antioxidant activities; the highest was a 33% inhibition rate (equivalent to ascorbic acid), obtained by the 90% DES extract,. The performed UHPLC-MS/MS analysis in this study also revealed the presence of variations in the detected compounds between the two extraction methods. Furthermore, this study found that environmentally friendly DES extraction of N. glauca produced higher phenol and flavonoid content than the MC method; this highlights the superior efficiency and environmental benefits of sustainable chemistry methods for extracting valuable phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Issa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; (L.A.); (T.R.A.-S.)
| | - Faisal Al-Akayleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Petra University, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Lilian Alnsour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; (L.A.); (T.R.A.-S.)
| | - Tabarak R. Al-Sammarraie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; (L.A.); (T.R.A.-S.)
| | - Khaled W. Omari
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
| | - Shady H. Awwad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan
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4
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Wang Z, Tian Y, Yang M, Yang J, Wang Y, Tao L, Sheng J, Shi C. Extraction of phenolic compounds from Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves with ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvents. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1405128. [PMID: 39193562 PMCID: PMC11348436 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1405128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were used to extract bioactive compounds from the leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. Methods The FT-IR method was used to analyze the structural characteristics of the DESs, and the extraction efficiencies of the DESs for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were evaluated. The stability of the extracts under high temperature and UV radiation was assessed, and their antioxidant activity was investigated after undergoing in vitro simulated digestion. Results The results show that the seven DESs extracted more TPC and TFC than did the 70% ethanol (36.27 ± 1.58 mg GAE/g, 23.09 ± 1.47 mg RT/g), and the extraction process of UAE-DES was optimized by selecting choline chloride: citric acid as the DES solvent, which has the highest extraction of TPC (86.92 ± 1.34 mg GAE/g) and TFC (49.73 ± 0.85 mg RT/g). The stability results indicated that the DES phenolic extracts were less stable when exposed to high temperature and UV radiation, indicating that DES extracts have better bioactivity. Moreover, after in vitro simulated digestion, the DES extract shows a higher DPPH free radical scavenging capacity (12.79 ± 3.88 mmol Trolox/g of DES extracts, 6.99 ± 4.02 mmol Trolox/g of ethanol extracts) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (62.61 ± 1.71 mmol Trolox/g of DES extracts, 55.07 ± 1.66 mmol Trolox/g of ethanol extracts) than ethanol extracts. Conclusion This study confirmed that DESs are a new and environmentally friendly solvent that can be used for the extraction of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Puer University, Puer, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Junyan Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chongying Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Cegledi E, Dobroslavić E, Pedisić S, Magnabosca I, Zorić M, Pavić R, Šuto M, Štargl O, Repajić M, Elez Garofulić I. Green Approaches for the Extraction of Banana Peel Phenolics Using Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2024; 29:3672. [PMID: 39125075 PMCID: PMC11314314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Banana peels, comprising about 35% of the fruit's weight, are often discarded, posing environmental and economic issues. This research focuses on recycling banana peel waste by optimizing advanced extraction techniques, specifically microwave-assisted (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), for the isolation of phenolic compounds. A choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) with glycerol in a 1:3 ratio with a water content of 30% (w/w) was compared to 30% ethanol. Parameters, including sample-to-solvent ratio (SSR), extraction time, and temperature for MAE or amplitude for UAE, were varied. Extracts were analyzed for hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity using FRAP and ABTS assays. DES outperformed ethanol, with HCA content ranging from 180.80 to 765.92 mg/100 g and flavonoid content from 96.70 to 531.08 mg/100 g, accompanied by higher antioxidant activity. Optimal MAE conditions with DES were an SSR of 1:50, a temperature of 60 °C, and a time of 10 min, whereas an SSR of 1:60, time of 5 min, and 75% amplitude were optimal for UAE. The polyphenolic profile of optimized extracts comprised 19 individual compounds belonging to the class of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and phenolic acids. This study concluded that DESs, with their superior extraction efficiency and environmental benefits, are promising solvents for the extraction of high-value bioactive compounds from banana peels and offer significant potential for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Cegledi
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.D.); (I.M.); (M.Z.); (R.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - Erika Dobroslavić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.D.); (I.M.); (M.Z.); (R.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Centre for Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Petra Kasandrića 3, 23000 Zadar, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Magnabosca
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.D.); (I.M.); (M.Z.); (R.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - Marija Zorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.D.); (I.M.); (M.Z.); (R.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - Rina Pavić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.D.); (I.M.); (M.Z.); (R.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - Marija Šuto
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.D.); (I.M.); (M.Z.); (R.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - Otilija Štargl
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.D.); (I.M.); (M.Z.); (R.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - Maja Repajić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.D.); (I.M.); (M.Z.); (R.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - Ivona Elez Garofulić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.D.); (I.M.); (M.Z.); (R.P.); (O.Š.)
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6
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Alfaleh AA, Sindi HA. Systematic study on date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extraction optimisation using natural deep eutectic solvents and ultrasound technique. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16622. [PMID: 39025988 PMCID: PMC11258289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are emerging, environment-friendly solvents that have garnered attention for their application in extracting phenolic compounds. This study investigated the effects of four synthetic NADES on polyphenols extracted from date seeds (DS) using choline chloride (ChCl) as a hydrogen-bond acceptor and lactic acid (La), citric acid (Citri), glycerol (Gly), and fructose (Fruc) as hydrogen-bond donors, in comparison with DS extracts extracted by conventional solvents (water, 70% methanol, and 70% ethanol). The antioxidant activity (DPPH), total phenolic content (TPC) and 6 phenolic compounds were determined using HPLC. The results showed that the ChCl-La and ChCl-Citri systems exhibited a high extraction efficiency regarding TPC, and DPPH in the DS extracts extracted by NADES compare to those DS extracts extracted with conventional solvents (p ˂ 0.001). HPLC results demonstrated that DS extracted by ChCl-La contained all measured phenolic compounds. Also gallic acid and catechin were the major compounds identified in the DS extracts. In addition DS extracted by ChCl-Citri and ChCl-Gly had the highest concentration of catechin. In conclusion, combining NADES is a promising and environment-friendly alternative to the conventional solvent extraction of phenolic compounds from DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanood A Alfaleh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A Sindi
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Ali L, Anwar F, Qadir R, Batool F, Mustaqeem M, Mohsin Ali R. RSM and ANN-Based Optimized Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Functional Components from Olive Fruit (cv Arbequina): Assessment of Antioxidant Attributes and GC-MS Metabolites Profiling. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400907. [PMID: 38993058 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The current study devises an optimized ethanolic extraction for efficient recovery of high-value components from Pakistani olives (cv. Arbequina) using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networking (ANN). Four factors such as time, temperature, solvent concentration, and solute weight (g/100 mL) were evaluated as independent variables for determining the response (% yield). The results obtained under optimum extraction conditions such as duration (25 min), temperature (45 °C), solvent concentration (65 %; ethanol: water v/v), and solute (7.50 g/100 mL) offered bioactives extract yield of 40.96 % from Arbiquina olives. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the RSM model showed significant p-values and a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9960, confirming model's reliability. The results of ANN, which employed the multilayer perceptron design, were fairly in line with the findings of the experiments. The antioxidant characteristics and GC-MS metabolite profile of the obtained extracts were examined. Arbequina olive extract (AOE) demonstrated very good antioxidant ability in terms of total phenolic, total flavonoid contents, and DPPH radical scavenging. The GC-MS analysis of AOE confirmed the presence of several bioactives, including oleic acid (36.22 %), hydroxytyrosol (3.95 %), tyrosol (3.32 %), β-sitosterol (2.10 %), squalene (1.10 %), sinapic acid (0.67 %), α-tocopherol (0.66 %), vanillic acid (0.56 %), 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (0.31 %), and quercetin (0.21 %). The suggested optimized extraction method can be employed to efficiently extract a wide variety of high-value components from olives with potential for nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaqat Ali
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Qadir
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fozia Batool
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mustaqeem
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Rana Mohsin Ali
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hohai University, China
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8
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Aktaş H, Kurek MA. Deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of polyphenols from food plants. Food Chem 2024; 444:138629. [PMID: 38341914 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) offer a promising, sustainable alternative for extracting polyphenols from food plants, known for their health benefits. Traditional extraction methods are often costly and involve toxic solvents. This review discusses the basic concepts, preparation techniques, and factors influencing the effective and safe use of DESs in polyphenol extraction. DESs' adaptability allows integration with other green extraction technologies, such as microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extractions, enhancing their efficiency. This adaptability demonstrates the potential of DESs in the sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds. Current research indicates that DESs could play a significant role in the sustainable procurement of these compounds, marking an important advancement in food science research and development. The review underscores DESs as a realistic, eco-friendly alternative in the realm of natural extraction technologies, offering a significant contribution to sustainable practices in food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Aktaş
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin A Kurek
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Fotiadou R, Fragkaki I, Pettas K, Stamatis H. Valorization of Olive Pomace Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Application in Active Packaging Films. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6541. [PMID: 38928246 PMCID: PMC11203504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds that can be recovered by the solid wastes of the olive oil sector, such as polyphenols, are known for their significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities with potential application in nutraceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Given that industrial demands are growing, and the polyphenol market value is ever increasing, a systematic study on the recovery of natural antioxidant compounds from olive pomace using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was conducted. Single-factor parameters, i.e., the extraction solvent, time, and solid-to-liquid ratio, were investigated evaluating the total phenolic content (TPC) recovery and the antioxidant activity of the final extract. The acetone-water system (50% v/v, 20 min, 1:20 g mL-1) exhibited the highest total phenolic content recovery (168.8 ± 5.5 mg GAE per g of dry extract). The olive pomace extract (OPE) was further assessed for its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC, OPE exhibited an antioxidant capacity of 413.6 ± 1.9, 162.72 ± 3.36 and 384.9 ± 7.86 mg TE per g of dry extract, respectively. The antibacterial study showed that OPE attained a minimum inhibitory activity (MIC) of 2.5 mg mL-1 against E. coli and 10 mg mL-1 against B. subtilis. Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were identified as the major phenolic compounds of OPE. Furthermore, active chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (CHT/PVA) films were prepared using different OPE loadings (0.01-0.1%, w/v). OPE-enriched films showed a dose-dependent antiradical scavenging activity reaching 85.7 ± 4.6% (ABTS) and inhibition growth up to 81% against B. subtilis compared to the control film. Increased UV light barrier ability was also observed for the films containing OPE. These results indicate that OPE is a valuable source of phenolic compounds with promising biological activities that can be exploited for developing multifunctional food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renia Fotiadou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (R.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Ioanna Fragkaki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (R.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Kyriakos Pettas
- STYMON Natural Products ΙΚΕ, Industrial Area of Patras, Street B2, Building Square 4, 25018 Patras, Greece;
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (R.F.); (I.F.)
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10
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Zhu Y, Yang TX, Li H, Zhao QS, Zhao B. Synergism of jet milling and deep eutectic solvent pretreatment on grapevine lignin fractionation and enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132144. [PMID: 38729476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we investigated the synergistic effects of jet milling (JM) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment on the fractionation of grapevine lignin and the consequent enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis. Grapevine, a substantial byproduct of the wine industry, was subjected to JM pretreatment to produce finely powdered particles (median diameter D50 = 98.90), which were then further treated with acidic ChCl-LA and alkaline K2CO3-EG DESs. The results revealed that the combined JM + ChCl-LA pretreatment significantly increased the cellulose preservation under optimal conditions (110 °C, 4 h, and 20 % water content), achieving removal rates of 74.18 % xylan and 66.05 % lignin, respectively. The pretreatment temperature and inhibitor production were reduced, resulting in a remarkable threefold increase in glucose yield compared to untreated samples. Moreover, the structural analysis of the pretreated lignin indicated an enrichment of phenolic units, leading to enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities, particularly in the JM pretreated samples. These findings underscore the promising potential of the synergistic JM and DES pretreatment in facilitating the efficient utilization of grapevine lignocellulosic biomass for sustainable biorefinery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Biomedicine, Beijing City University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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11
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Fayek NM, Baky MH, Li Z, Khalifa I, Capanoglu E, Farag MA. Metabolome classification of olive by-products from different oil presses providing insights into its potential health benefits and valorization as analyzed via multiplex MS-based techniques coupled to chemometrics. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024. [PMID: 38768954 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most popular edible oil-producing fruits, consumed worldwide for its myriad nutritional and health benefits. Olive oil production generates huge quantities of by-products from the fruit, which are considered environmental hazards. Recently, more and more efforts have been made to valorize olive by-products as a source of low-cost, value-added food applications. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to globally assess the metabolome of olive fruit by-products, including olive mill wastewater, olive pomace, and olive seeds from fruits from two areas, Siwa and Anshas, Egypt. METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) were used for profiling primary and secondary metabolites in olive by-products. Also, multivariate data analyses were used to assess variations between olive by-product samples. RESULTS A total of 103 primary metabolites and 105 secondary metabolites were identified by GC-MS and UPLC-MS, respectively. Fatty acids amounted to a major class in the olive by-products at 53-91%, with oleic acid dominating, especially in the pomace of Siwa. Mill wastewater was discriminated from other by-products by the presence of phenolics mainly tyrosol, hydroxyl tyrosol, and α-tocopherol as analyzed by UPLC-MS indicating their potential antioxidant activity. Pomace and seeds were rich in fatty acids/esters and hydroxy fatty acids and not readily distinguishable from each other. CONCLUSION The current work discusses the metabolome profile of olive waste products for valorization purposes. Pomace and seeds were enriched in fatty acids/esters, though not readily distinguishable from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin M Fayek
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H Baky
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Zhejiang ShouXianGu Botanical Drug Institute Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Egypt
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Negi T, Kumar A, Sharma SK, Rawat N, Saini D, Sirohi R, Prakash O, Dubey A, Dutta A, Shahi NC. Deep eutectic solvents: Preparation, properties, and food applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28784. [PMID: 38617909 PMCID: PMC11015381 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) emerge as innovative 21st-century solvents, supplanting traditional ones like ethanol and n-hexane. Renowned for their non-toxic, biodegradable, and water-miscible nature with reduced volatility, DESs are mostly synthesized through heating and stirring method. Physicochemical properties such as polarity, viscosity, density and surface tension of DESs influenced their application. This review paper gives the overview of application of eco-benign DESs in fruits, vegetables, cereals, pulses, spices, herbs, plantation crops, oil seed crops, medicinal and aromatic plants, seaweed, and milk for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Also, it gives insight of determination of pesticides, insecticides, hazardous and toxic compounds, removal of heavy metals, detection of illegal milk additive, purification of antibiotics and preparation of packaging film. Methodologies for separating bioactive compounds from DESs extracts are systematically examined. Further, safety regulations of DESs are briefly discussed and reviewed literature reveals prevalent utilization of DES-based bioactive compound rich extracts in cosmetics, indicating untapped potential of their application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Negi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Satish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Rawat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepa Saini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, 303329, Rajasthan, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashutosh Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anuradha Dutta
- Department of Foods & Nutrition, College of Community Sciences, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Navin Chand Shahi
- Department of Post-Harvest Process and Food Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
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13
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Tapia-Quirós P, Granados M, Sentellas S, Saurina J. Microwave-assisted extraction with natural deep eutectic solvents for polyphenol recovery from agrifood waste: Mature for scaling-up? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168716. [PMID: 38036116 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Agrifood industries generate large amounts of waste that may result in remarkable environmental problems, such as soil and water contamination. Therefore, proper waste management and treatment have become an environmental, economic, and social challenge. Most of these wastes are exceptionally rich in bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols) with potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Indeed, the recovery of polyphenols from agrifood waste is an example of circular bioeconomy, which contributes to the valorization of waste while providing solutions to environmental problems. In this context, unconventional extraction techniques at the industrial scale, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), which has demonstrated its efficacy at the laboratory level for analytical purposes, have been suggested to search for more efficient recovery procedures. On the other hand, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been proposed as an efficient and green alternative to typical extraction solvents. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights regarding the extraction of phenolic compounds from agrifood waste. Specifically, it focuses on the utilization of MAE in conjunction with NADES. Moreover, this review delves into the possibilities of recycling and reusing NADES for a more sustainable and cost-efficient industrial application. The results obtained with the MAE-NADES approach show its high extraction efficiency while contributing to green practices in the field of natural product extraction. However, further research is necessary to improve our understanding of these extraction strategies, optimize product yields, and reduce overall costs, to facilitate the scaling-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Tapia-Quirós
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E08028 Barcelona, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, E08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Granados
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Sentellas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E08028 Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Edifici Recerca (Gaudí), E08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; Serra Húnter Fellow Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya, Via Laietana 2, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Saurina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E08028 Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Edifici Recerca (Gaudí), E08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
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14
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Villa C, Caviglia D, Robustelli Della Cuna FS, Zuccari G, Russo E. NaDES Application in Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Fields: An Overview. Gels 2024; 10:107. [PMID: 38391437 PMCID: PMC10888423 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) represent a new generation of green, non-flammable solvents, useful as an efficient alternative to the well-known ionic liquids. They can be easily prepared and exhibit unexpected solubilizing power for lipophilic molecules, although those of a hydrophilic nature are mostly used. For their unique properties, they can be recommend for different cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, ranging from sustainable extraction, obtaining ready-to-use ingredients, to the development of biocompatible drug delivery responsive systems. In the biomedical field, NaDES can be used as biopolymer modifiers, acting as delivery compounds also known as "therapeutic deep eutectic systems", being able to solubilize and stabilize different chemical and galenical formulations. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current knowledge regarding natural deep eutectic solvents specifically applied in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields. The work could help to disclose new opportunities and challenges for their implementation not only as green alternative solvents but also as potential useful pathways to deliver bioactive ingredients in innovative formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Villa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Drug and Cosmetic Chemistry, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Drug and Cosmetic Chemistry, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Drug and Cosmetic Chemistry, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Drug and Cosmetic Chemistry, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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15
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Grigoletto I, García Salas P, Valli E, Bendini A, Ferioli F, Pasini F, Sánchez Villasclaras S, García-Ruiz R, Gallina Toschi T. HPLC-MS/MS Phenolic Characterization of Olive Pomace Extracts Obtained Using an Innovative Mechanical Approach. Foods 2024; 13:285. [PMID: 38254587 PMCID: PMC10815396 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Olive pomace results from the production of olive oil. Even if olive pomace represents a potential environmental problem, it contains phenolic compounds, which are widely recognized for their beneficial properties for human health. In this study, an innovative and sustainable technological approach to extract phenolic compounds from fresh olive pomace, based on food-grade solvent instead of those usually adopted, is investigated. Characterization and shelf-life evaluation of the hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from the procedure developed for different industrial purposes were also carried out. The phenolic fractions of the different samples were studied with the Folin-Ciocâlteu method to quantify that the total reducing molecules and HPLC-MS/MS analysis was used to define the profile through the identification and quantification of 42 compounds, belonging to five chemical families. Regarding shelf-life, the hydroalcoholic extract showed no significant reduction in phenolic content, for both instrumental evaluations, retaining most of the phenolic compounds present in the raw material; negative attributes were not perceived by sensory evaluation. Thus, these lab-scale results can be the starting point to develop a procedure that is suitable for a real olive mill, representing a valorization strategy in a circular economy and the perspective of new business models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Grigoletto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Piazza Gabriele Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (I.G.); (P.G.S.); (E.V.); (F.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Patricia García Salas
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Piazza Gabriele Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (I.G.); (P.G.S.); (E.V.); (F.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Enrico Valli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Piazza Gabriele Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (I.G.); (P.G.S.); (E.V.); (F.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Alessandra Bendini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Piazza Gabriele Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (I.G.); (P.G.S.); (E.V.); (F.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Federico Ferioli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Piazza Gabriele Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (I.G.); (P.G.S.); (E.V.); (F.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Federica Pasini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Piazza Gabriele Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (I.G.); (P.G.S.); (E.V.); (F.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Sebastián Sánchez Villasclaras
- University Institute of Research on Olive Groves and Olive Oils, GEOLIT Science and Technology Park, University of Jaen, 236 Mengibar, Spain; (S.S.V.); (R.G.-R.)
| | - Roberto García-Ruiz
- University Institute of Research on Olive Groves and Olive Oils, GEOLIT Science and Technology Park, University of Jaen, 236 Mengibar, Spain; (S.S.V.); (R.G.-R.)
| | - Tullia Gallina Toschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin, 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
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16
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Umasekar S, Virivinti N. Advances in modeling techniques for the production and purification of biomolecules: A comprehensive review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123945. [PMID: 38113723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In response to the growing demand for therapeutic biomolecules, there is a need for continuous and cost-effective bio-separation techniques to enhance extraction yield and efficiency. Aqueous biphasic extractive fermentation has emerged as an integrated downstream processing technique, offering selective partitioning, high productivity, and preservation of biomolecule integrity. However, the dynamic nature of this technique requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying separation mechanisms. Unfortunately, the analysis of parameters influencing this dynamic behavior can be challenging due to limited resources and time. To address this, mathematical modeling approaches can be employed to minimize the tedious trial-and-error experimentation process. This review article presents mathematical modeling approaches for both upstream and downstream processing techniques, focusing on the production of biomolecules which can be used in pharmaceutical industries in a cost-effective manner. By leveraging mathematical models, researchers can optimize the production and purification processes, leading to improved efficiency and processing cost reduction in biomolecule production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimathi Umasekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015, India
| | - Nagajyothi Virivinti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015, India.
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17
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Coscarella M, Nardi M, Alipieva K, Bonacci S, Popova M, Procopio A, Scarpelli R, Simeonov S. Alternative Assisted Extraction Methods of Phenolic Compounds Using NaDESs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:62. [PMID: 38247486 PMCID: PMC10812405 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A renewed understanding of eco-friendly principles is moving the industrial sector toward a shift in the utilization of less harmful solvents as a main strategy to improve manufacturing. Green analytical chemistry (GAC) has definitely paved the way for this transition by presenting green solvents to a larger audience. Among the most promising, surely DESs (deep eutectic solvents), NaDESs (natural deep eutectic solvents), HDESs (hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents), and HNaDESs (hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents), with their unique features, manifest a wide-range of applications, including their use as a means for the extraction of small bioactive compounds. In examining recent advancements, in this review, we want to focus our attention on some of the most interesting and novel 'solvent-free' extraction techniques, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in relation to the possibility of better exploiting DESs and NaDESs as plausible extracting solvents of the phenolic compounds (PCs) present in different matrices from olive oil components, such as virgin olive pomace, olive leaves and twigs, virgin and extra virgin olive oil (VOO and EVOO, respectively), and olive cake and olive mill wastewaters (OMWW). Therefore, the status of DESs and NaDESs is shown in terms of their nature, efficacy and selectivity in the extraction of bioactive phytochemicals such as secoiridoids, lignans, phenolic acids and alcohols. Related studies on experimental design and processes' optimization of the most promising DESs/NaDESs are also reviewed. In this framework, an extensive list of relevant works found in the literature is described to consider DESs/NaDESs as a suitable alternative to petrochemicals in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, or food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Coscarella
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Kalina Alipieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Milena Popova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Rosa Scarpelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Svilen Simeonov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
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18
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Siddiqui SA, Ali Redha A, Salauddin M, Harahap IA, Rupasinghe HPV. Factors Affecting the Extraction of (Poly)Phenols from Natural Resources Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Combined with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37850880 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2266846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Replacing conventional solvents with deep eutectic solvents (DES) has shown promising effects on the extraction yield of (poly)phenols. DES can be combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to further increase the extraction efficiency of (poly)phenols from natural resources compared to conventional methods. This review discusses the factors associated with DES (composition, solvent-to-sample ratio, extraction duration, and temperature) and UAE (ultrasound frequency, power, intensity, and duty cycle) methods that influence the extraction of (poly)phenols and informs future improvements required in the optimization of the extraction process. For the optimum (poly)phenol extraction from natural resources, the following parameters shall be considered: ultrasound frequency should be in the range of 20-50 kHz, ultrasound intensity in the range of 60-120 W/cm2, ultrasound duty cycle in the range of 40-80%, ultrasound duration for 10-30 minutes, and ultrasound temperature for 25-50 °C. Among the reported DES systems, choline chloride with glycerol or lactic acid, with a solvent-to-sample mass ratio of 10-30:1 shown to be effective. The solvent composition and solvent-to-sample mass ratio should be selected according to the target compound and the source material. However, the high viscosity of DES is among the major limitations. Optimizing these factors can help to increase the yield of extracted (poly)phenols and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Ali Ali Redha
- The Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Molla Salauddin
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Mir Madan Mohanlal Government Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Kolkata, India
| | - Iskandar Azmy Harahap
- Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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19
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Macedo GA, Barbosa PDPM, Dias FFG, Crawford LM, Wang SC, Bell JMLNDM. Optimizing the Integration of Microwave Processing and Enzymatic Extraction to Produce Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Olive Pomace. Foods 2023; 12:3754. [PMID: 37893645 PMCID: PMC10606511 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of green technologies such as microwave- and enzyme-assisted extraction (MEAE) has been shown to improve the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds while reducing processing time and costs. MEAE using tannase alone (MEAE-Tan), or in combination with cellulase and pectinase (MEAE-Tan-Cel-Pec), was optimized to produce enriched phenolic and antioxidant extracts from olive pomace. The individual and integrated impact of enzyme concentration, temperature, and pomace/water ratio were determined using a central composite rotatable design. Optimal extraction conditions for MEAE-Tan (60 °C, 15 min, 2.34% of enzyme (w/w), and 1:15 pomace/water ratio) and MEAE-Tan-Cel-Pec (46 °C, 15 min, 2% of enzymes (w/w), in the proportion of 1:1:1, and 1:20 pomace/water ratio) resulted in extracts containing 7110.6 and 2938.25 mg GAE/kg, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was correlated with phenolic acid release, which was enzyme-dependent, as determined with HPLC-DAD analysis. Enzyme selection had a significant impact on the phenolic profile of extracts, with tannase releasing high concentrations of chlorogenic acid and the combined use of enzymes releasing high concentrations of hydroxytyrosol and chlorogenic and ferulic acids. The novelty of this study relies on the integration and optimization of two green technologies (microwave- and enzyme-assisted extraction) to improve the extraction efficiency of bioactive phenolics from olive pomace while reducing processing time and costs. While these techniques have been evaluated isolated, the benefits of using both processing strategies simultaneously remain largely unexplored. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the integration and processing optimization of two environmentally friendly technologies as a promising alternative to treat agro-industrial byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A. Macedo
- Bioprocesses Laboratory, DEPAN/FEA (School of Food Engineering), Unicamp (University of Campinas), R. Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083970, Brazil (P.d.P.M.B.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Paula de P. M. Barbosa
- Bioprocesses Laboratory, DEPAN/FEA (School of Food Engineering), Unicamp (University of Campinas), R. Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083970, Brazil (P.d.P.M.B.)
| | - Fernanda F. G. Dias
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Selina C. Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Juliana M. L. N. De Moura Bell
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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20
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Benítez-Correa E, Bastías-Montes JM, Acuña-Nelson S, Muñoz-Fariña O. Effect of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents on polyphenols extraction from cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L.) bean shells and antioxidant activity of extracts. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100614. [PMID: 37840695 PMCID: PMC10570950 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective extraction of natural compounds from cocoa bean shells using deep eutectic solvents could contribute to the sustainable valorization of this waste material. The objective of this study was to: (1) analyze the extraction kinetics of polyphenols released from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) bean shells (CBS) by the solid-liquid extraction method using choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (ChCl-DES) and their aqueous solutions; (2) investigate the effect of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (ChCl-DES) aqueous solutions on in-vitro antioxidant capacity and the main individual compounds of the extracts. ChCl-DES were prepared with lactic acid, glycerol, and ethylene glycol in a 1:2 ratio. Aqueous solutions (30%, 40%, and 50% water) to obtain solvents with different physicochemical properties were performed. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The solution of Fick's law model for plate geometry particles was applied to fit the experimental data and calculate the effective diffusivity coefficient (De). The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was analyzed by a combination of 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The main bioactive compounds were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the type of hydrogen bond donor influences the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and the main individual compounds in the extracts. Moreover, the washing/diffusion mechanism adequately depicts the extraction kinetics data for total phenolic content. However, the influence of an additional mechanism that enhanced the extraction capacity of deep eutectic solvents compared with organic solvent was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Benítez-Correa
- Food Engineering Department, Universidad Del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
- Food Industry Research Institute, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Ociel Muñoz-Fariña
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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21
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Zhou M, Fakayode OA, Li H. Green Extraction of Polyphenols via Deep Eutectic Solvents and Assisted Technologies from Agri-Food By-Products. Molecules 2023; 28:6852. [PMID: 37836694 PMCID: PMC10574355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the largest group of phytochemicals with important biological properties. Their presence in conveniently available low-cost sources, such as agri-food by-products, has gained considerable attention in their recovery and further exploitation. Retrieving polyphenols in a green and sustainable way is crucial. Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been identified as a safe and environmentally benign medium capable of extracting polyphenols efficiently. This review encompasses the current knowledge and applications of DESs and assisted technologies to extract polyphenols from agri-food by-products. Particular attention has been paid to fundamental mechanisms and potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In this way, DESs and DESs-assisted with advanced techniques offer promising opportunities to recover polyphenols from agri-food by-products efficiently, contributing to a circular and sustainable economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (O.A.F.)
| | - Olugbenga Abiola Fakayode
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (O.A.F.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Haoxin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (O.A.F.)
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22
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Hendawy OM, Al-Sanea MM, Mohammed Elbargisy R, Ur Rahman H, Hassan YA, Elshaarawy RFM, Khedr AIM. Alginate-chitosan-microencapsulated tyrosols/oleuropein-rich olive mill waste extract for lipopolysaccharide-induced skin fibroblast inflammation treatment. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123260. [PMID: 37481097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+ ion-driven emulsification-ionotropic gelation method produced chitosan-alginate microspheres (CAMSs) with a narrow particle size distribution (PSD). Particle size distribution and zeta potential studies, as well as spectral electron microscopy, were used to assess the microspheres' physicochemical properties and morphology. The tyrosols (hydroxytyrosol (HT), tyrosol (TY), and oleuropein (OE) were loaded into these microspheres using a polyphenol extract (PPE) from Koroneki olive mill waste (KOMW). The microencapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of microspheres for PPE were 98.8% and 3.9%, respectively. Three simulated fluids, including gastric (pH = 1.2), intestinal (pH = 6.8), and colonic (pH = 7.4), were used to examine how the pH of the releasing medium affected the ability of CAMSs to release bioactive phenols. At a severely acidic pH (1.2, SGF), PPE release is nearly halted, while at pH 6.8 (SCF), release is at its maximum. Additionally, the PPE-CAMPs have ameliorated the endogenous antioxidant content SOD, GST, GPx with significant values from 0.05 to 0.01 in the treated LPS/human skin fibroblast cells. The anti-inflammatory response was appeared through their attenuations activity for the released cytokines TNF-α, IL6, IL1β, and IL 12 with levels significantly from 0.01 to 0.001. Microencapsulation of PPE by CAMPs significantly improved its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia M Hendawy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad M Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Mohammed Elbargisy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hidayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al-Jouf Province, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Reda F M Elshaarawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, 43533 Suez, Egypt; Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Amgad I M Khedr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, 42526 Port Said, Egypt
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Metaj I, Hajdini D, Gliha K, Košir IJ, Ocvirk M, Kolar M, Cerar J. Extraction of Polyphenols from Slovenian Hop ( Humulus lupulus L.) Aurora Variety Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Choice of the Extraction Method vs. Structure of the Solvent. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2890. [PMID: 37631102 PMCID: PMC10459876 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols from Slovenian hops (Humulus lupulus L.) of the Aurora variety were extracted by different methods and using classical solvents and several deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on choline chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor component. The obtained extract solutions were analyzed by HPLC for the content of extracted α- and β-acids and extracted xanthohumol. It was found that choline chloride:phenol DES concentrated aqueous solution had an extraction efficiency close to that of diethyl ether, which is considered one of the best classical extraction solvents for polyphenols from hops. The comparison of the extraction efficiency with other choline chloride-based DESs showed that the chemical similarity of the phenol ring in the solvent DES with the polyphenols in hops may be crucial for a highly efficient extraction with choline chloride:phenol DES. On the other hand, the choice of extraction method and the viscosity of the solvents tested seem to play only a minor role in this respect. As far as we know, this is the first study to attempt to relate extraction efficiency in the extraction of hydrophobic solutes to the compressibility of the DES extractants, the latter of which may be correlated with the extent of hydrophobic hydration around the DES components. In addition, using the heating and stirring method for the preparation of choline chloride-based DES concentrated aqueous solutions we found no support for the occurrence of water in two different roles (in the structural and in the dilution role) in these solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Metaj
- Department of Food Technology with Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo; (I.M.); (D.H.)
| | - Drilon Hajdini
- Department of Food Technology with Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo; (I.M.); (D.H.)
| | - Kaja Gliha
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Iztok Jože Košir
- Department for Agrochemistry and Brewing, Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, 3310 Zalec, Slovenia; (I.J.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Miha Ocvirk
- Department for Agrochemistry and Brewing, Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, 3310 Zalec, Slovenia; (I.J.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Mitja Kolar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Janez Cerar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.G.); (M.K.)
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Marđokić A, Maldonado AE, Klosz K, Molnár MA, Vatai G, Bánvölgyi S. Optimization of Conditions for Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Olive Pomace of Žutica Variety: Waste Valorization Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1175. [PMID: 37371905 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive pomace is a by-product of olive oil production that is toxic to the environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methods of olive pomace valorization through the implementation of novel technology, the so-called microwave-assisted extraction process. To determine the total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA), polyphenol extraction using MAE was performed. Response surface methodology was used to determine the best extraction conditions, whereby the effects of three factors, solid ratio (g/50 mL), time (s), and power (W), were measured. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method was used to assess AA, whereas the spectrophotometric Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method was used to determine TPC. The highest TPC of 15.30 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dried weight (mg GAE/gdw) was generated after 105 s at 450 W, with a solid concentration of 1 g/50 mL, while the maximum AA was 10 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of dried weight (mg AAE/gdw). Numerical optimization revealed that 800 W, 180 s, and 1 g/50 mL were the best conditions for obtaining maximum TPC and AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marđokić
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angela Estefanía Maldonado
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Klosz
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté András Molnár
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Vatai
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bánvölgyi
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Zhao H, Kim Y, Avena-Bustillos RJ, Nitin N, Wang SC. Characterization of California olive pomace fractions and their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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26
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Wong YS, Yusoff R, Ngoh GC. Phenolic compounds extraction by assistive technologies and natural deep eutectic solvents. REV CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2022-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are known to have a significant effect on human defense system due to their anti-inflammatory efficacy. This can slow down the aging process and strengthen the human immune system. With the growing interest in green chemistry concept, extraction of phenolic compounds from plants has been geared towards a sustainable path with the use of green and environmentally friendly solvents such as natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). This review discusses both the conventional extraction and the advanced extraction methods of phenolic compounds using NADES with focus on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques ensued by a rationale comparison between them. Employing choline chloride-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) is highlighted as one of the promising strategies in green solvent extraction of phenolic compounds in terms of their biodegradability and extraction mechanism. The review also discusses assistive extraction technologies using NADES for a better understanding of their relationship with extraction efficiency. In addition, the review includes an overview of the challenges of recovering phenolic compounds from NADES after extraction, the potential harmful effects of NADES as well as their future perspective.
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27
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Alimenti C, Lianza M, Antognoni F, Giusti L, Bistoni O, Liotta L, Angeloni C, Lupidi G, Beghelli D. Characterization and Biological Activities of In Vitro Digested Olive Pomace Polyphenols Evaluated on Ex Vivo Human Immune Blood Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052122. [PMID: 36903372 PMCID: PMC10004623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive pomace (OP) represents one of the main by-products of olive oil production, which still contains high quantities of health-promoting bioactive compounds. In the present study, three batches of sun-dried OP were characterized for their profile in phenolic compounds (by HPLC-DAD) and in vitro antioxidant properties (ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays) before (methanolic extracts) and after (aqueous extracts) their simulated in vitro digestion and dialysis. Phenolic profiles, and, accordingly, the antioxidant activities, showed significant differences among the three OP batches, and most compounds showed good bioaccessibility after simulated digestion. Based on these preliminary screenings, the best OP aqueous extract (OP-W) was further characterized for its peptide composition and subdivided into seven fractions (OP-F). The most promising OP-F (characterized for its metabolome) and OP-W samples were then assessed for their potential anti-inflammatory properties in ex vivo human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) triggered or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of 16 pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured in PBMC culture media by multiplex ELISA assay, whereas the gene expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by real time RT-qPCR. Interestingly, OP-W and PO-F samples had a similar effect in reducing the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α, but only OP-W was able to reduce the release of these inflammatory mediators, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory activity of OP-W is different from that of OP-F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alimenti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mariacaterina Lianza
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Fabiana Antognoni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Onelia Bistoni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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28
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Jafari P, Barzegar-Jalali M, Jouyban A. Effect of temperature and composition on solubility and thermodynamics of salicylic acid in aqueous mixtures of betaine-based deep eutectic solvents. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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29
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Green Solvents: Emerging Alternatives for Carotenoid Extraction from Fruit and Vegetable By-Products. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040863. [PMID: 36832938 PMCID: PMC9956085 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have important implications for human health and the food industry due to their antioxidant and functional properties. Their extraction is a crucial step for being able to concentrate them and potentially include them in food products. Traditionally, the extraction of carotenoids is performed using organic solvents that have toxicological effects. Developing greener solvents and techniques for extracting high-value compounds is one of the principles of green chemistry and a challenge for the food industry. This review will analyze the use of green solvents, namely, vegetable oils, supercritical fluids, deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, and limonene, combined with nonconventional techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave), for carotenoid extraction from fruit and vegetable by-products as upcoming alternatives to organic solvents. Recent developments in the isolation of carotenoids from green solvents and their inclusion in food products will also be discussed. The use of green solvents offers significant advantages in extracting carotenoids, both by decreasing the downstream process of solvent elimination, and the fact that the carotenoids can be included directly in food products without posing a risk to human health.
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30
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Exploring Olive Pomace for Skincare Applications: A Review. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cosmetic industry is continuously searching for new active ingredients in an effort to attend to consumer demands which, in recent years, are focused on more natural and environmentally friendly products, obtained from sustainable resources. Nevertheless, they are required to provide cosmetologically appealing skincare products, ultimately with the purpose of improving skin appearance. The olive oil industry generates a large amount of liquid and semi-solid by-products such as olive pomace. Their phytotoxicity impairs safe disposal, so valorization strategies that promote by-product reuse are needed, which may include skincare products. Hydroxytyrosol is the main phenolic compound present in olive pomace and possesses biological effects that make it a desirable active compound for cosmetic formulations such as antioxidant and anti-aging activities as well as photoprotector, depigmenting, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions. Other compounds present in olive pomace can also have functional properties and skin-related benefits. However, the application of this by-product can be a challenge in terms of formulation’s design, stability, and proven efficacy, so appropriate methodologies should be used to validate its incorporation and may include extraction and further encapsulation of bioactive compounds in order to achieve effective and aesthetic appealing skincare products.
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31
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Novel Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Efficient Green Reagents to Extract Phenolic Compounds from Olive Leaves and Predictive Modelling by Artificial Neural Networking. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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32
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Guo J, Zhu H, Yang Y, Guo Q. Continuous-Flow Microwave Milk Sterilisation System Based on a Coaxial Slot Radiator. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030459. [PMID: 36765988 PMCID: PMC9914817 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave continuous-flow liquid food sterilisation, in which the liquid is mainly heated by microwaves, has the advantages of fast sterilisation speed, energy saving, comprehensive elimination, and less nutrient loss. Circular pipes are commonly used in microwave continuous-flow liquid heating processing. However, with circular pipes, which are widely used in the industry, the heating is uneven owing to the phenomenon of tube focusing when adopting external radiation. In this study, a novel microwave continuous-flow milk sterilisation system based on a coaxial slot radiator is proposed. First, the coaxial slot radiator was designed to realise efficient radiation through the establishment of multi-physics model. The structure of the system was then optimised by comparing the heating efficiency and uniformity of simulation results. The effect of microwave coaxial slot radiator rotation on heating uniformity was simulated and the results show that the heating uniformity is improved obviously. Experimental equipment was set up to verify the results of the simulation. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the system is performed to confirm that, when the dielectric properties and types of liquid food change, the heating of the proposed microwave continuous-flow system remains efficient and uniform.
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33
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Comparative Study of Novel Methods for Olive Leaf Phenolic Compound Extraction Using NADES as Solvents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010353. [PMID: 36615544 PMCID: PMC9823617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) composed of choline chloride with maltose (CMA), glycerol (CGL), citric (CCA) and lactic acid (CLA) combined with microwave (MAE), ultrasound (UAE), homogenate (HAE) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHPAE)-assisted extraction methods were applied to recover and compare olive leaf phenolic compounds. The resultant extracts were evaluated for their total phenol content (TPC), phenolic profile and antioxidant activity and compared with those of water and ethanol:water 70% v/v extracts. HAE was proven to be the most efficient method for the recovery of olive leaf phenolic compounds. The highest TPC (55.12 ± 1.08 mg GAE/g d.w.) was found in CCA extracts after HAE at 60 °C and 12,000 rpm, and the maximum antioxidant activity (3.32 ± 0.39 g d.w./g DPPH) was found in CGL extracts after UAE at 60 °C for 30 min. The TPCs of ethanol extracts were found to be higher than those of NADES extracts in most cases. The predominant phenolic compounds in the extracts were oleuropein, hydrohytyrosol and rutin.
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DEMUNER A, DIAS A, BLANK D, CERCEAU C, SOUSA R, REIS C, SANTOS M, STRINGHETA P. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of active compounds from Beta vulgaris using deep eutectic solvents. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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35
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Cannavacciuolo C, Pagliari S, Frigerio J, Giustra CM, Labra M, Campone L. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) Combined with Sustainable Extraction Techniques: A Review of the Green Chemistry Approach in Food Analysis. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010056. [PMID: 36613272 PMCID: PMC9818194 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Usual extraction processes for analyzing foods, supplements, and nutraceutical products involve massive amounts of organic solvents contributing to a negative impact on the environment and human health. In recent years, a new class of green solvents called natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been considered a valid alternative to conventional solvents. Compared with conventional organic solvents, NADES have attracted considerable attention since they are sustainable, biodegradable, and non-toxic but also are easy to prepare, and have low production costs. Here we summarize the major aspects of NADEs such as the classification, preparation method physicochemical properties, and toxicity. Moreover, we provide an overview of novel extraction techniques using NADES as potential extractants of bioactive compounds from foods and food by-products, and application of NADEs in food analysis. This review aims to be useful for the further development of NAES and for broadening the knowledge of these new green solvents in order to increase their use for the extraction of bioactive compounds and in food analysis.
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36
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Influence of Drying Temperature and Harvesting Season on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Olive ( Olea europaea) Leaf Extracts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010054. [PMID: 36613498 PMCID: PMC9820404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in plant compounds has increased, given recent evidence regarding their role in human health due to their pleiotropic effects. For example, plant bioactive compounds present in food products, including polyphenols, are associated with preventive effects in various diseases, such as cancer or inflammation. Breast and colorectal cancers are among the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally. Although appreciable advances have been made in treatments, new therapeutic approaches are still needed. Thus, in this study, up to 28 olive leaf extracts were obtained during different seasons and using different drying temperatures. The influence of these conditions on total polyphenolic content (measured using Folin-Ciocalteu assays), antioxidant activity (using Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma assays) and antiproliferative capacity (using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT assays) was tested in breast and colorectal cancer cells. Increased phenolic composition and antioxidant and antiproliferative capacity are noted in the extracts obtained from leaves harvested in autumn, followed by summer, spring and winter. Regarding drying conditions, although there is not a general trend, conditions using the highest temperatures lead to the optimal phenolic content and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities in most cases. These results confirm previously published studies and provide evidence in support of the influence of both harvesting and drying conditions on the biological activity of olive leaf extracts.
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Presence of Water for the Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Investigation of Caffeine Extraction Mechanism. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244089. [PMID: 36553832 PMCID: PMC9777831 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds are a promising bioresource that naturally contain around 50 wt% moisture which requires, for a valorization, a drying step of high energy and economic costs. However, the natural water in spent coffee grounds could bring new benefits as a co-solvent during the supercritical CO2 extraction (SC-CO2). This work reports the influence and optimization of pressure (115.9-284.1 bars), temperature (33.2-66.8 °C), and moisture content (6.4-73.6 wt%) on simultaneous extraction of lipids and polar molecules contained in spent coffee grounds by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) using Central Composite Rotatable Design and Response Surface Methodology. The results show that for lipids extraction, pressure is the most influent parameter, although the influence of moisture content is statistically negligible. This suggests that water does not act as barrier to CO2 diffusion in the studied area. However, moisture content is the most influent parameter for polar molecules extraction, composed of 99 wt% of caffeine. Mechanism investigations highlight that H2O mainly act by (i) breaking caffeine interactions with chlorogenic acids present in spent coffee grounds matrix and (ii) transferring selectively caffeine without chlorogenic acid by liquid/liquid extraction with SC-CO2. Thus, the experiment for the optimization of lipids and polar molecules extraction is performed at a pressure of 265 bars, a temperature of 55 °C, and a moisture content of 55 wt%.
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Paulo F, Tavares L, Santos L. Response Surface Modeling and Optimization of the Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Olive Mill Pomace. Molecules 2022; 27:8620. [PMID: 36500712 PMCID: PMC9741320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds from olive mill pomace (OMP) were extracted through a two-step solid-liquid extraction procedure considering four factors at five levels of a central composite rotatable response surface design. The influence of the process variables time of the primary extraction (2.0-4.0 h), solvent-to-sample ratio during the primary extraction (5.0-10.0 mL/g), time of the secondary extraction (1.0-2.0 h), and the solvent-to-sample ratio during the secondary extraction (3.0-5.0 mL/g) were examined. The content of bioactive compounds was determined spectrophotometrically, and the individual phenolic compounds were evaluated by reserved-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The Derringer's function was used to optimize the extraction process, and the best conditions were found to be 3.2 h for the primary extraction, 10.0 mL/g for the solvent-to-sample ratio and 1.3 h for the secondary extraction associated with a solvent-to-sample ratio of 3.0 mL/g, obtaining a total phenolic content of 50.0 (expressed as mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight (dw). The response surface methodology proved to be a great alternative for reducing the number of tests, allowing the optimization of the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from OMP with a reduced number of experiments, promoting reductions in cost and analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Paulo
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Loleny Tavares
- ESAN—School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal 449, Oliveira de Azeméis, 3720-509 Santiago de Riba-Ul, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Santos
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Osamede Airouyuwa J, Mostafa H, Riaz A, Maqsood S. Utilization of natural deep eutectic solvents and ultrasound-assisted extraction as green extraction technique for the recovery of bioactive compounds from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seeds: An investigation into optimization of process parameters. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 91:106233. [PMID: 36450171 PMCID: PMC9703823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The green extraction of bioactive compounds from date seeds was investigated using seven natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) coupled with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The seven NADESs mainly consisted of choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and four sugars, two organic acids, and one polyalcohol as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) were utilized in this study. When the extraction efficiency of the NADESs was compared to that of the conventional solvents, all the NADESs showed superior bioactive compounds recovery efficacy. The lactic acid-based NADES had the highest extraction efficiency and was further optimized using the response surface method and Box-Behnken design. A four-factors including extraction time (10, 20, and 30 min), ultrasound amplitude (70, 80, and 90 %), % NADES content (30 %, 50 %, and 70 %) and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:30, 1.5:30, and 2:30 g/ml) each at three levels (-1, 0 and 1) using Box-Behnken design was applied. The % NADES content and the solid-to-solvent ratio were the major factors influencing the extraction efficiency of the total phenolic content (TPC) and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The optimum extraction conditions included an extraction time of 15 min, ultrasound amplitude of 90 %, % NADES content of 70 % and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 g/ml. The experimental values for TPC and DPPH at optimum extraction conditions were 145.54 ± 1.54 (mg GAE/g powder) and 719.19 ± 2.09 (mmol TE/g powder), respectively. The major phenolic compounds observed in the date seeds extracted using ChCl-LA were 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, catechin and caffeic acid. This study reveals that the extraction of date seeds with NADES in combination with UAE technique was able to recover significantly higher amounts of phenolic compounds which could find useful applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Osamede Airouyuwa
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussein Mostafa
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asad Riaz
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
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Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Maritime Pine Residues with Deep Eutectic Solvents. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233754. [PMID: 36496562 PMCID: PMC9738461 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents represent an important alternative in the field of green solvents due to their low volatility, non-toxicity, and low synthesis cost. In the present investigation, we propose the production of enriched polyphenolic extracts from maritime pine forest residues via an ultrasound-assisted approach. A Box-Behnken experimental design with a response surface methodology was used with six variables to be optimized: solid-to-solvent ratio, water percentage, temperature and time of extraction, amplitude, and catalyst concentration. The mixture of levulinic and formic acids achieved the highest extraction yield of polyphenols from pine needle and bark biomass. In addition, the solid-to-solvent ratio was found to be the only influential variable in the extraction (p-value: 0.0000). The optimal conditions were established as: 0.1 g of sample in 10 mL of LA:FA (70:30%, v/v) with 0% water and 0 M H2SO4 heated to 30 °C and extracted during 40 min with an ultrasound amplitude of 80% at 37 kHz. The bioactive properties of polyphenol-enriched extracts have been proven with significant antioxidant (45.90 ± 2.10 and 66.96 ± 2.75 mg Trolox equivalents/g dw) and antimicrobial activities. The possibility to recycle and reuse the solvent was also demonstrated; levulinic acid was successfully recovered from the extracts and reused in novel extractions on pine residues. This research shows an important alternative to obtaining polyphenol-enriched extracts from forest residues that are commonly discarded without any clear application, thus opening an important window toward the valorization of such residues.
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Conventional vs. Green Extraction Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents—Differences in the Composition of Soluble Unbound Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112295. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of green solvents, natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES), in comparison with conventional solvents on the extraction of free unbound phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of extracts of dried bilberry fruit, bilberry leaves and green tea leaves. After preparation of the extracts via ultrasound-assisted extraction using NaDES and conventional solvents (water and ethanol), spectrophotometric determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, HPLC analysis of extracted polyphenols and antioxidant determination using FRAP, DPPH and ABTS assays were conducted. The results showed that NaDES have a great potential as agents for the extraction of phenolic compounds with potent antioxidant activity; the highest values of phenolic content and antioxidant activity were detected in the samples obtained by extraction using the NaDES combination betaine + urea. The bilberry leaves exhibited the highest flavonoid content among all extracts and turned out to be more active than bilberry fruits, to which they are often just a by-product during processing. The most active extract of all was the betaine-urea green tea leaves extract. Further research into the most active NaDES extracts should be performed.
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Plastiras OE, Samanidou V. Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Sample Preparation and Extraction of Organic Molecules. Molecules 2022; 27:7699. [PMID: 36431799 PMCID: PMC9693881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) is on the rise worldwide because of the astounding properties they offer, such as simplicity of synthesis and utilization, low-cost, and environmental friendliness, which can, without a doubt, replace conventional solvents used in heaps. In this review, the focus will be on the usage of DES in extracting a substantial variety of organic compounds from different sample matrices, which not only exhibit great results but surpass the analytical performance of conventional solvents. Moreover, the properties of the most commonly used DES will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Solubility of mesalazine in aqueous solutions of two betaine-based deep eutectic solvents at different temperatures: Data correlation and thermodynamic analysis. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rodríguez-Martínez B, Ferreira-Santos P, Alfonso IM, Martínez S, Genisheva Z, Gullón B. Deep Eutectic Solvents as a Green Tool for the Extraction of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Avocado Peels. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196646. [PMID: 36235183 PMCID: PMC9572341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocado peels are the main agro-industrial residue generated during the avocado processing, being a rich source of bioactive compounds like phenolic compounds. The growing demand for more sustainable processes requires the development of new and effective methods for extracting bioactive compounds from industrial waste. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new sustainable alternative to toxic organic solvents due to their non-toxicity and biocompatibility. In this study, five selected DESs were applied for the extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds from avocado peels. The extraction efficiency was evaluated by measuring the total phenolics and flavonoids content. The best extraction results were obtained with choline chloride-acetic acid and -lactic acid (92.03 ± 2.11 mg GAE/g DAP in TPC and 186.01 ± 3.27 mg RE/g DAP); however, all tested DESs show better extraction efficiency than ethanol. All the obtained NADES extracts have high antioxidant activity (FRAP: 72.5-121.1 mg TE/g; TAC: 90.0-126.1 mg AAE/g). The synthesized DESs and avocado peels DES extracts had activity against all tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida), and the extracts prepared with choline chloride-acetic acid and -lactic acid have the highest antibacterial activity against all microorganisms. These results, coupled with the non-toxic, biodegradable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly characteristics of DESs, provide strong evidence that DESs represent an effective alternative to organic solvents for the recovery of phenolic bioactive compounds from agro-industrial wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rodríguez-Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Pedro Ferreira-Santos
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Irene Méndez Alfonso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Sidonia Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Zlatina Genisheva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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45
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Qi Y, Xu J, Zeng Z, Xue W, Zhu Z. Synthesis of Methyl Sorbate Catalyzed by Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Choline Chloride: Kinetics and Optimization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Jumei Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Zuoxiang Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Weilan Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
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46
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Lemaoui T, Boublia A, Darwish AS, Alam M, Park S, Jeon BH, Banat F, Benguerba Y, AlNashef IM. Predicting the Surface Tension of Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Artificial Neural Networks. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32194-32207. [PMID: 36120015 PMCID: PMC9475633 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies on deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a new class of "green" solvents, are attracting increasing attention from researchers, as evidenced by the rapidly growing number of publications in the literature. One of the main advantages of DESs is that they are tailor-made solvents, and therefore, the number of potential DESs is extremely large. It is essential to have computational methods capable of predicting the physicochemical properties of DESs, which are needed in many industrial applications and research. Surface tension is one of the most important properties required in many applications. In this work, we report a relatively generalized artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting the surface tension of DESs. The database used can be considered comprehensive because it contains 1571 data points from 133 different DES mixtures in 520 compositions prepared from 18 ions and 63 hydrogen bond donors in a temperature range of 277-425 K. The ANN model uses molecular parameter inputs derived from the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (S σ-profiles). The training and testing results show that the best performing ANN architecture consisted of two hidden layers with 15 neurons each (9-15-15-1). The proposed ANN was excellent in predicting the surface tension of DESs, as R 2 values of 0.986 and 0.977 were obtained for training and testing, respectively, with an overall average absolute relative deviation of 2.20%. The proposed models represent an initiative to promote the development of robust models capable of predicting the properties of DESs based only on molecular parameters, leading to savings in investigation time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Lemaoui
- Laboratoire
de Biopharmacie Et Pharmacotechnie (LPBT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, 19000 Setif, Algeria
- Research
and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen (RICH Center), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abir Boublia
- Laboratoire
de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Département
de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
- Research
and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen (RICH Center), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad S. Darwish
- Center
for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab
Emirates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manawwer Alam
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sungmin Park
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, 04763 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department
of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Center
for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab
Emirates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire
de Biopharmacie Et Pharmacotechnie (LPBT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, 19000 Setif, Algeria
| | - Inas M. AlNashef
- Center
for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab
Emirates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research
and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen (RICH Center), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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A Systematic Review on Waste as Sustainable Feedstock for Bioactive Molecules—Extraction as Isolation Technology. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In today’s linear economy, waste streams, environmental pollution, and social–economic differences are increasing with population growth. The need to develop towards a circular economy is obvious, especially since waste streams are composed of valuable compounds. Waste is a heterogeneous and complex matrix, the selective isolation of, for example, polyphenolic compounds, is challenging due to its energy efficiency and at least partially its selectivity. Extraction is handled as an emerging technology in biorefinery approaches. Conventional solid liquid extraction with organic solvents is hazardous and environmentally unfriendly. New extraction methods and green solvents open a wider scope of applications. This research focuses on the question of whether these methods and solvents are suitable to replace their organic counterparts and on the definition of parameters to optimize the processes. This review deals with the process development of agro-food industrial waste streams for biorefineries. It gives a short overview of the classification of waste streams and focuses on the extraction methods and important process parameters for the isolation of secondary metabolites.
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48
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Bener M, Şen FB, Önem AN, Bekdeşer B, Çelik SE, Lalikoglu M, Aşçı YS, Capanoglu E, Apak R. Microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from by-products of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) using natural deep eutectic solvents: Modeling, optimization and phenolic characterization. Food Chem 2022; 385:132633. [PMID: 35279500 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly method using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the recovery of bioactive compounds from hazelnut pomace (a hazelnut oil process by-product) was developed to contribute to their sustainable valorization. Eight different NADES were prepared for the extraction of antioxidant constituents from hazelnut pomace, and choline chloride:1,2-propylene glycol (CC-PG) was determined as the most suitable NADES, considering their extraction efficiency and physicochemical properties. After selecting suitable NADES, operational parameters for the MAE process of antioxidants from hazelnut pomace were optimized and modeled using response surface methodology. For the highest recovery of antioxidants, the operational parameters of the MAE process were found to be 24% water, 38 min, 92 °C and 18 mL/0.1 g-DS. Under optimized conditions, extracts of both pomace as a by-product and unprocessed hazelnut flours of three different hazelnut samples (Tombul, Çakıldak, and Palaz) were prepared, and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant capacities of CC-PG extracts of all hazelnut samples were 2-3 times higher than those of ethanolic extracts. In addition, phenolic characterization of the prepared extracts was carried out using the UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS system. The results of this study suggest that hazelnut by-products can potentially be considered an important and readily available source of natural antioxidants. Furthermore, the modeled MAE procedure has the potential to create an effective and sustainable alternative for pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bener
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Fatih, 34126 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Furkan Burak Şen
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nur Önem
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Bekdeşer
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saliha Esin Çelik
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melisa Lalikoglu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Selim Aşçı
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Fatih, 34126 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Virginia de Almeida Pontes P, Czaikoski A, Aparecida Almeida N, Fraga S, de Oliveira Rocha L, Lopes Cunha R, José Maximo G, Augusto Caldas Batista E. Extraction optimization, biological activities, and application in O/W emulsion of deep eutectic solvents-based phenolic extracts from olive pomace. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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50
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Combination of Pulsed Electric Field and Ultrasound in the Extraction of Polyphenols and Volatile Compounds from Grape Stems. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the yield of extraction of bioactive compounds from plants is of high importance. Grape stems are widely discarded during the wine-making process, despite their high content in many valuable compounds. The aim of this work was to examine whether the use of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment of the stems could increase the yield of polyphenol and volatile compounds in the extracts. For this reason, a relatively low-energy consuming PEF process was employed (low-electric field strength, 1 kV/cm) for a short time (30 min) at the grape stems. In addition, the effect of different solvents during this pretreatment step was examined. With the use of Folin–Ciocalteu assay, the extracts were compared with the respective control samples (not pretreated with PEF). Moreover, extracts were prepared to assess whether changes occur to the volatile profile of the extracts. The results were conclusive that not only PEF can increase the yield of polyphenols (up to 35% increase recorded), but also that the solvent used during PEF pretreatment can affect the process. Furthermore, a 234% increase in the total content of volatile compounds was recorded, when PEF was used as a pretreatment step. Therefore, the combination of PEF and ultrasound-assisted extraction is highly promising to obtain grape stem extracts with a higher content of bioactive compounds.
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