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Nam T, Kang W, Oh S. Apoptosis of Kinetin Riboside in Colorectal Cancer Cells Occurs by Promoting β-Catenin Degradation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1206-1212. [PMID: 37463866 PMCID: PMC10580898 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2301.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Kinetin riboside is a naturally produced cytokinin that displays strong antiproliferative activity in various human cancer cells. However, the mechanism of chemoprevention in colorectal cancer cells has not been elucidated. We used a cell-based reporter system to identify kinetin riboside as an antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is aberrantly upregulated in colorectal cancer. Kinetin riboside suppressed β-catenin response transcription (CRT) by accelerating the degradation of intracellular β-catenin via a proteasomal degradation pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β did not affect CRT downregulation. Kinetin riboside decreased the intracellular β-catenin levels in colorectal cancer cells with mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-catenin. Consistently, kinetin riboside repressed expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1, β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF)-dependent genes, and inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. In addition, kinetin riboside stimulated apoptosis, as measured by an increase in annexin V-FITC-stained cells. These findings suggest that kinetin riboside exerts its anti-cancer activity by promoting β-catenin degradation and has significant potential as a chemopreventive agent for colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeKyung Nam
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonku Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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Jabłońska – Trypuć A, Wiater J. Protective effect of plant compounds in pesticides toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:1035-1045. [PMID: 36406617 PMCID: PMC9672277 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between pesticide exposure and the occurrence of many chronic diseases, including cancer, is confirmed by literature data. METHODS In this review, through the analysis of more than 70 papers, we explore an increase in oxidative stress level caused by exposure to environmental pollutants and the protective effects of plant-origin antioxidants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION One of the molecular mechanisms, by which pesticides affect living organisms is the induction of oxidative stress. However, recently many plant-based dietary ingredients with antioxidant properties have been considered as a chemopreventive substances due to their ability to remove free radicals. Such a food component must meet several conditions: eliminate free radicals, be easily absorbed and function at an appropriate physiological level. Its main function is to maintain the redox balance and minimize the cellular damage caused by ROS. Therefore, it should be active in aqueous solutions and membrane domains. These properties are characteristic for phenolic compounds and selected plant hormones. Phenolic compounds have proven antioxidant properties, while increasing number of compounds from the group of plant hormones with a very diverse chemical structure turn out to act as antioxidants, being potential food ingredients that can eliminate negative effects of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jabłońska – Trypuć
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Division of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Józefa Wiater
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Xiang Z, Chen Y, Qiu J. An integrated chemical analysis and network pharmacology approach to identify quality markers of Actinidia eriantha Benth radix on gastric cancer. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:851-868. [PMID: 35570754 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Actinidia eriantha Benth radix (AEBR) is one of the most commonly used medicines by the She people in China, used primarily for the treatment of tumours of the digestive tract. There is currently limited to no data on the quality control of AEBR. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify quality markers of AEBR. MATERIAL AND METHODS An ultra-performance lquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) method was used to identify and analyse the components of AEBR from water extracts. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was also established for the simultaneous determination of 13 active components in the water extracts. The network pharmacology method was used to screen for quality markers of AEBR in gastric cancer. RESULTS This study tentatively identified 199 chemical constituents and isomers, including 67 pentacyclic triterpenoids, 20 flavonoids, 39 phenolic acids, 18 coumarins, and other compounds. The 13 active components in the water extracts were successfully determined using a validated UPLC-MS/MS method. Based on the network pharmacology method, four compounds were selected as quality markers of AEBR. CONCLUSION This study provides an important reference for the quality control of AEBR. Chemical analysis combined with network pharmacology provides an effective strategy for the discovery of quality markers in traditional Chinese/herb medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiang
- Medical School, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jieying Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Zhang S, Lyons N, Koedam M, van de Peppel J, van Leeuwen JP, van der Eerden BCJ. Identification of small molecules as novel anti-adipogenic compounds based on Connectivity Map. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1017832. [PMID: 36589834 PMCID: PMC9800878 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1017832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several physiological and pathological conditions such as aging, obesity, diabetes, anorexia nervosa are associated with increased adipogenesis in the bone marrow. A lack of effective drugs hinder the improved treatment for aberrant accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Given the higher costs, longer duration and sometimes lack of efficacy in drug discovery, computational and experimental strategies have been used to identify previously approved drugs for the treatment of diseases, also known as drug repurposing. Here, we describe the method of small molecule-prioritization by employing adipocyte-specific genes using the connectivity map (CMap). We then generated transcriptomic profiles using human mesenchymal stromal cells under adipogenic differentiation with the treatment of prioritized compounds, and identified emetine and kinetin-riboside to have a potent inhibitory effect on adipogenesis. Overall, we demonstrated a proof-of-concept method to identify repurposable drugs capable of inhibiting adipogenesis, using the Connectivity Map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Lyons
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marijke Koedam
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes P.T.M. van Leeuwen
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bram C. J. van der Eerden
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Bram C. J. van der Eerden,
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Kaźmierczak A, Kunikowska A, Doniak M, Kornaś A. Mechanism of kinetin-induced death of Vicia faba ssp. minor root cortex cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23746. [PMID: 34887458 PMCID: PMC8660813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death (CD) may be induced by endogenous or exogenous factors and contributes to all the steps of plant development. This paper presents results related to the mechanism of CD regulation induced by kinetin (Kin) in the root cortex of Vicia faba ssp. minor. To explain the process, 6-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylamino)purine (PI-55), adenine (Ad), 5'-amine-5'-deoxyadenosine (Ado) and N-(2-chloro-4-piridylo)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU) were applied to (i) block cytokinin receptors (CKs) and inhibit the activities of enzymes of CK metabolism, i.e., (ii) phosphoribosyltransferase, (iii) kinases, and (iv) oxidases, respectively. Moreover, ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), lanthanum chloride (LaCl3), ruthenium red (RRed) and cyclosporine A (CS-A) were applied to (i) chelate extracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) as well as blocks of (ii) plasma-, (iii) endoplasmic reticulum- (ER) membrane Ca2+ ion channels and (iv) mitochondria- (MIT) Ca2+ ions release by permeability transition por (PTP), respectively. The measured physiological effectiveness of these factors was the number of living and dying cortex cells estimated with orange acridine (OA) and ethidium bromide (EB), the amounts of cytosolic Ca2+ ions with chlortetracycline (CTC) staining and the intensity of chromatin and Ca2+-CTC complex fluorescence, respectively. Moreover, the role of sorafenib, an inhibitor of RAF kinase, on the vitality of cortex cells and ethylene levels as well as the activities of RAF-like kinase and MEK2 with Syntide-2 and Mek2 as substrates were studied. The results clarified the previously presented suggestion that Kin is converted to appropriate ribotides (5'-monophosphate ribonucleotides), which cooperate with the ethylene and Ca2+ ion signalling pathways to transduce the signal of kinetin-programmed cell death (Kin-PCD). Based on the present and previously published results related to Kin-PCD, the crosstalk between ethylene and MAP kinase signalling, as well as inhibitors of CK receptors and enzymes of their metabolism, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anita Kunikowska
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Doniak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kornaś
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084, Kraków, Poland
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Mahiddine FY, Kim MJ. Overview on the Antioxidants, Egg Yolk Alternatives, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Derivatives Used in Canine Sperm Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1930. [PMID: 34203537 PMCID: PMC8300182 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is a widely used assisted reproductive technology for canine species. The long-term storage of dog sperm is effective for the breeding of dogs living far apart, scheduling the time of artificial insemination that suits the female, and preventing diseases of the reproductive tract. However, spermatozoa functions are impaired during the freeze-thaw processes, which may decrease reproductive performance. Numerous attempts have been made to restore such impairments, including the use of cryoprotectants to prevent the damage caused by ice crystal formation, and supplementation of antioxidants to reduce reactive oxygen species generation due to osmotic stress during the procedure. Egg yolk derivatives, antioxidants, and, more recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives have been proposed in this research field. This review article will summarize the current literature available on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Mjbiogen Corp., Gwangnaru-ro 144, Seoul 14788, Korea;
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Aremu AO, Plačková L, Egbewale SO, Doležal K, Magadlela A. Soil nutrient status of KwaZulu-Natal savanna and grassland biomes causes variation in cytokinin functional groups and their levels in above-ground and underground parts of three legumes. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1337-1351. [PMID: 34220044 PMCID: PMC8212235 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cytokinins (CKs) are involved in several developmental stages in the life-cycle of plants. The CK content in plants and their respective organs are susceptible to changes under different environmental conditions. In the current study, we profiled the CK content in the above and underground organs of three legumes (Lessertia frutescens, Mucuna pruriens and Pisum sativum) grown in soils collected from four locations (Ashburton, Bergville, Hluhluwe and Izingolweni) in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. The quantified CK contents in the three legumes were categorized on the basis of their side chains (isoprenoid, aromatic and furfural) and modifications (e.g. free bases and glucosides). Legume and soil types as well as their interaction significantly influenced the concentrations of CKs. Lessertia frutescens, Mucuna pruriens and Pisum sativum had CK content that ranged from 124-653, 170-670 and 69-595 pmol/g DW, respectively. Substantial quantity (> 600 pmol/g DW) of CK were observed in plants grown in Bergville (above-ground part of Lessertia frutescens) and Izingolweni (underground part of Mucuna pruriens) soils. A total of 28 CK derivatives observed in the legumes comprised of isoprenoid (22), aromatic (5) and furfural (1) side-chain CKs. However, the 16 CK derivatives in Mucuna pruriens were isoprenoid-type based on the side-chain. Generally, a higher ratio of cis-zeatin (cZ) relative to the trans-zeatin (tZ) was evident in the above-ground part of Lessertia frutescens and Pisum sativum for the four soil treatments. In terms of functional and physiological importance of the CKs, the free bases (active form) and ribosides (translocation form) were the most abundant CK in Lessertia frutescens and Pisum sativum. However, N-glucoside, a deactivation/detoxicification product was the most dominant CK in Mucuna pruriens from Hluhluwe and Izingolweni soils. The total CKs in the underground parts of the legumes had a positive significant correlation with the total phosphorus and nitrogen content in the plant as well as the soil nitrogen. Overall, the CK profiles of the legumes were strongly influenced by the soil types. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01021-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2790 South Africa
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic
| | - Samson Olufemi Egbewale
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic
| | - Anathi Magadlela
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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Arano-Varela H, Fernández FJ, Estrada-Zúñiga ME, Cruz-Sosa F. Verbascoside production in long-term Buddleja cordata Kunth cell suspension cultures. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:245. [PMID: 32411569 PMCID: PMC7214575 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, our group reported the establishment of a white callus cell line of Buddleja cordata Kunth that is a high producer of the secondary metabolite, verbascoside (VB, also named acteoside), under suspension culture conditions. Here, we present experimental evidence of the sustained ability of that cellular line to grow and produce high amounts of VB for 5 years of continuous culture. Cellular line profiles were determined at the early (at the beginning) and late stages (at the end of 5 years of continuous subculturing) by analyzing relevant parameters of culture growth, i.e., specific growth rate [µ], doubling time [dt], and growth index [GI], as well as VB production. Late-stage cultures exhibited a 61% faster growth rate than early-stage subcultures, and 25 and 3% lower doubling time and growth index. The extents of growth phases were found to be different. Similar amounts of biomass were found (9.5 g and 9.4 g L-1). Verbascoside production increased parallel to cell growth; maximal yield level occurred in the mid-exponential phase and lasted until the end of the stationary phase (i.e., from the 15th to the 25th day and from the 9th to the 21st day for the early and late stages, correspondingly). The content of VB was higher in the late-stage culture (1.43 ± 0945 g L-1) than in the early-stage culture (1.21 ± 0.0286 g L-1). Productivity values point out the potential use of B. cordata cell line in the biotechnological production of VB and for research focused on the biochemistry of secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Arano-Varela
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F. J. Fernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. E. Estrada-Zúñiga
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Bióticos-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca km 14.5, C.P. 50285 Toluca, Estado de Mexico Mexico
| | - F. Cruz-Sosa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
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Dulińska-Litewka J, Gąsiorkiewicz B, Litewka A, Gil D, Gołąbek T, Okoń K. Could the kinetin riboside be used to inhibit human prostate cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition? Med Oncol 2020; 37:17. [PMID: 32030542 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-1338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a molecular process connected to higher expression of vimentin and increased activity of transcription factors (Snail, Twist) which restrains E-cadherin. EMT has been linked to prostate cancer metastatic potential, therapy resistance, and poor outcomes. Kinetin riboside (9-(b-dribofuranosyl)-6-furfurylaminopurine, KR) is a naturally occurring cytokinin, which induces apoptosis and shows strong antiproliferative activity against various human cancer cell lines. To establish the effect of KR on human prostate cell lines, expression of, e.g. AR, E-, N-cadherins, Vimentin, Snail, Twist, and MMPs, was analysed at mRNA and protein levels using Western Blot and RT-PCR and/or RQ-PCR techniques. KR inhibited the growth of human prostate cancer cells, but also, to a small extent, of normal cells. This effect depended on the type of the cells and their androgen sensitivity. KR also decreased the level of p-Akt, which takes part in androgen signalling modulation. The antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated in cancer cell lines, while that of Bax is up-regulated upon KR exposure. KR contributed to re-expression of the E-cadherin as well as to significant changes in cell migration. Taken together, our results indicate for the first time that KR can be proposed as a factor for signalling pathways regulation that participates in the inhibition of development of aggressive forms of prostate cancer, and may alter the approach to therapeutic interventions. We propose KR as a potent inhibitor of EMT in human prostate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Gąsiorkiewicz
- Medical Biochemistry Students' Research Circle, Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Gil
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gołąbek
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Okoń
- Chair of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Araújo S, Pagano A, Dondi D, Lazzaroni S, Pinela E, Macovei A, Balestrazzi A. Metabolic signatures of germination triggered by kinetin in Medicago truncatula. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10466. [PMID: 31320688 PMCID: PMC6639397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, non-targeted metabolomics was used to investigate the seed response to kinetin, a phytohormone with potential roles in seed germination, still poorly explored. The aim of this study was to elucidate the metabolic signatures of germination triggered by kinetin and explore changes in metabolome to identify novel vigor/stress hallmarks in Medicago truncatula. Exposure to 0.5 mM kinetin accelerated seed germination but impaired seedling growth. Metabolite composition was investigated in seeds imbibed with water or with 0.5 mM kinetin collected at 2 h and 8 h of imbibition, and at the radicle protrusion stage. According to Principal Component Analysis, inositol pentakisphosphate, agmatine, digalactosylglycerol, inositol hexakisphosphate, and oleoylcholine were the metabolites that mostly contributed to the separation between 2 h, 8 h and radicle protrusion stage, irrespective of the treatment applied. Overall, only 27 metabolites showed significant changes in mean relative contents triggered by kinetin, exclusively at the radicle protrusion stage. The observed metabolite depletion might associate with faster germination or regarded as a stress signature. Results from alkaline comet assay, highlighting the occurrence of DNA damage at this stage of germination, are consistent with the hypothesis that prolonged exposure to kinetin induces stress conditions leading to genotoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Araújo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier - Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andrea Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Dondi
- Department of Chemistry, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Lazzaroni
- Department of Chemistry, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eduardo Pinela
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier - Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Abstract
Skin aging is a complex process which involves all the layers of the epidermis and dermis. In order to slow skin aging, methods are researched which would strengthen and protect skin stem cells. Science is in search of the right method to stimulate the proliferation of epidermal stem cells. Plant stem cells show outstanding anti-aging properties, as they can, among other activities, stimulate fibroblasts to synthesise collagen, which, in turn, stimulates skin regeneration. One of the most important agents which give anti-aging properties to plant stem cell extracts is kinetin (6-furfuryladenine). This compound belongs to a cytokine group and is considered to be a strong antioxidant which protects protein and nucleic acids from oxidation and glycoxidation processes. It enables cells to remove the excess of free radicals to protect them from oxidative stress.
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N6-Furfuryladenine is protective in Huntington's disease models by signaling huntingtin phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7081-E7090. [PMID: 29987005 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801772115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The huntingtin N17 domain is a modulator of mutant huntingtin toxicity and is hypophosphorylated in Huntington's disease (HD). We conducted high-content analysis to find compounds that could restore N17 phosphorylation. One lead compound from this screen was N6-furfuryladenine (N6FFA). N6FFA was protective in HD model neurons, and N6FFA treatment of an HD mouse model corrects HD phenotypes and eliminates cortical mutant huntingtin inclusions. We show that N6FFA restores N17 phosphorylation levels by being salvaged to a triphosphate form by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and used as a phosphate donor by casein kinase 2 (CK2). N6FFA is a naturally occurring product of oxidative DNA damage. Phosphorylated huntingtin functionally redistributes and colocalizes with CK2, APRT, and N6FFA DNA adducts at sites of induced DNA damage. We present a model in which this natural product compound is salvaged to provide a triphosphate substrate to signal huntingtin phosphorylation via CK2 during low-ATP stress under conditions of DNA damage, with protective effects in HD model systems.
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Ni J, Shah FA, Liu W, Wang Q, Wang D, Zhao W, Lu W, Huang S, Fu S, Wu L. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory networks of cytokinin in promoting the floral feminization in the oil plant Sapium sebiferum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:96. [PMID: 29848288 PMCID: PMC5975670 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sapium sebiferum, whose seeds contain high level of fatty acids, has been considered as one of the most important oil plants. However, the high male to female flower ratio limited the seed yield improvement and its industrial potentials. Thus, the study of the sex determination in S. sebiferum is of significant importance in increasing the seed yield. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that in S. sebiferum, cytokinin (CK) had strong feminization effects on the floral development. Exogenous application with 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ) significantly induced the development of female flowers and increased the fruit number. Interestingly, the feminization effects of cytokinin were also detected on the androecious genotype of S. sebiferum which only produce male flowers. To further investigate the mechanism underlying the role of cytokinin in the flower development and sex differentiation, we performed the comparative transcriptome analysis of the floral buds of the androecious plants subjected to 6-BA. The results showed that there were separately 129, 352 and 642 genes differentially expressed at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after 6-BA treatment. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that many genes are related to the hormonal biosynthesis and signaling, nutrients translocation and cell cycle. Moreover, there were twenty one flowering-related genes identified to be differentially regulated by 6-BA treatment. Specifically, the gynoecium development-related genes SPATULA (SPT), KANADI 2 (KAN2), JAGGED (JAG) and Cytochrome P450 78A9 (CYP79A9) were significantly up-regulated, whereas the expression of PISTILLATA (PI), TATA Box Associated Factor II 59 (TAFII59) and MYB Domain Protein 108 (MYB108) that were important for male organ development was down-regulated in response to 6-BA treatment, demonstrating that cytokinin could directly target the floral organ identity genes to regulate the flower sex. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrated that cytokinin is a potential regulator in female flower development in S. sebiferum. The transcriptome analysis of the floral sex transition from androecious to monoecious in response to cytokinin treatment on the androecious S. sebiferum provided valuable information related to the mechanism of sex determination in the perennial woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ni
- Key laboratory of high magnetic field and Ion beam physical biology,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
| | - Faheem Afzal Shah
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key laboratory of high magnetic field and Ion beam physical biology,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
| | - Qiaojian Wang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Key laboratory of high magnetic field and Ion beam physical biology,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
| | - Weili Lu
- Key laboratory of high magnetic field and Ion beam physical biology,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
| | - Shengwei Huang
- Key laboratory of high magnetic field and Ion beam physical biology,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
| | - Songling Fu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Key laboratory of high magnetic field and Ion beam physical biology,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
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Fate of nuclear material during subsequent steps of the kinetin-induced PCD in apical parts of Vicia faba ssp. minor seedling roots. Micron 2018; 110:79-87. [PMID: 29772476 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In animals during apoptosis, the best examined type of programmed cell death (PCD), three main phases are distinguished: (i) specification (signaling), (ii) killing and (iii) execution one. It has bean postulated that plant PCD also involves three subsequent phases: (i) transmission of death signals to cells (signaling), (ii) initiation of killing processes and (iii) destruction of cells. One of the most important hallmarks of animal and plant PCD are those regarding nucleus, not thoroughly studied in plants so far. To study kinetin-induced PCD (Kin-PCD) in the context of nuclear material faith, 2-cm apical parts of Vicia faba ssp. minor seedling roots were used. Applied assays involving spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence and white light microscopy allowed to examine metabolic and cytomorphologic hallmarks such as changes in DNA content, ssDNA formation and activity of acidic and basic nucleases (DNases and RNases) as well as malformations and fragmentation of nucleoli and nuclei. The obtained results concerning the PCD hallmarks and influence of ZnSO4 on Kin-PCD allowed us to confirmed presence of specification/signaling, killing and execution/degradation phases of the process and broaden the knowledge about processes affecting nuclei during PCD.
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New cytokinin derivatives possess UVA and UVB photoprotective effect on human skin cells and prevent oxidative stress. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:946-957. [PMID: 29604584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Eleven 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin, Kin) derivatives were synthesized to obtain biologically active compounds. The prepared compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, mass spectrometry combined with HPLC purity determination and elemental C, H, N analyses. The biological activity of new derivatives was tested on plant cells and tissues in cytokinin bioassays, such as tobacco callus, detached wheat leaf chlorophyll retention bioassay and Amaranthus bioassay. The selected compounds were subsequently tested on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT) to exclude possible phototoxic effects and, on the other hand, to reveal possible UVA and UVB photoprotective activity. The protective antioxidant activity of the prepared cytokinin derivatives was further studied and compared to previously prepared antisenescent compound 6-furfurylamino-9-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)purine (Kin-THF) using induced oxidative stress (OS) on nematode Caenorhabditis elegans damaged by 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone), a generator of reactive oxygen species. The observed biological activity was interpreted in relation to the structure of the prepared derivatives. The most potent oxidative stress protection of all the prepared compounds was shown by 6-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)-9-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)purine (6) and 2-chloro-6-furfurylamino-9-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)purine (9) derivatives and the results were comparable to Kin-THF. Compounds 6 and 9 were able to significantly protect human skin cells against UV radiation in vitro. Both the derivatives 6 and 9 showed higher protective activity in comparison to previously known structurally similar compounds Kin and Kin-THF. The obtained results are surprising due to the fact that the prepared compounds showed to be inactive in the ORAC assay which proved that the compounds did not act as direct antioxidants as they were unable to directly scavenge oxygen radicals.
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16
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Kaźmierczak A, Doniak M, Kunikowska A. Proteolytic activities in cortex of apical parts of Vicia faba ssp. minor seedling roots during kinetin-induced programmed cell death. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:2273-2285. [PMID: 28501974 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a crucial process in plant development. In this paper, proteolytically related aspects of kinetin-induced PCD in cortex cells of Vicia faba ssp. minor seedlings were examined using morphological, fluorometric, spectrophotometric, and fluorescence microscopic analyses. Cell viability estimation after 46 μM kinetin treatment of seedling roots showed that the number of dying cortex cells increased with treatment duration, reaching maximum after 72 h. Weight of the apical root segments increased with time and was about 2.5-fold greater after 96 h, while the protein content remained unchanged, compared to the control. The total and cysteine-dependent proteolytic activities fluctuated during 1-96-h treatment, which was not accompanied by the changes in the protein amount, indicating that the absolute protein amounts decreased during kinetin-induced PCD. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and Z-Leu-Leu-Nva-H (MG115), the respective cysteine, serine, and proteasome inhibitors, suppressed kinetin-induced PCD. PMSF significantly decreased serine-dependent proteolytic activities without changing the amount of proteins, unlike NEM and MG115. More pronounced effect of PMSF over NEM indicated that in the root apical segments, the most important proteolytic activity during kinetin-induced PCD was that of serine proteases, while that of cysteine proteases may be important for protein degradation in the last phase of the process. Both NEM and PMSF inhibited apoptotic-like structure formation during kinetin-induced PCD. The level of caspase-3-like activity of β1 proteasome subunit increased after kinetin treatment. Addition of proteasome inhibitor MG-115 reduced the number of dying cells, suggesting that proteasomes might play an important role during kinetin-induced PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Doniak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anita Kunikowska
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
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Bai L, Gao C, Liu Q, Yu C, Zhang Z, Cai L, Yang B, Qian Y, Yang J, Liao X. Research progress in modern structure of platinum complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:349-382. [PMID: 28985575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the antitumor activity of cisplatin was discovered in 1967 by Rosenberg, platinum-based anticancer drugs have played an important role in chemotherapy in clinic. Nevertheless, platinum anticancer drugs also have caused severe side effects and cross drug resistance which limited their applications. Therefore, a significant amount of efforts have been devoted to developing new platinum-based anticancer agents with equal or higher antitumor activity but lower toxicity. Until now, a large number of platinum-based complexes have been prepared and extensively investigated in vitro and in vivo. Among them, some platinum-based complexes revealing excellent anticancer activity showed the potential to be developed as novel type of anticancer agents. In this account, we present such platinum-based anticancer complexes which owning various types of ligands, such as, amine carrier ligands, leaving groups, reactive molecule, steric hindrance groups, non-covalently binding platinum (II) complexes, Platinum(IV) complexes and polynuclear platinum complexes. Overall, platinum-based anticancer complexes reported recently years upon modern structure are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkui Bai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chuanzhu Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Congtao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhuxin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Linxiang Cai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yunxu Qian
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiali Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Wei Y, Liu D, Zheng Y, Hao C, Li H, Ouyang W. Neuroprotective Effects of Kinetin Against Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Cytotoxicity in HT22 Cells: Involvement of Nrf2 and Heme Oxygenase-1. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:725-737. [PMID: 28900849 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered as one of key factors related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), while kinetin (KT) has been reported to exert anti-oxidative activities as well as neuroprotective effects both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, in this study, the neuroprotective effects of KT against glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity in HT22 cells were investigated. To evaluate the anti-oxidative capabilities of KT itself, several anti-oxidative assays in vitro were conducted. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of KT, the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium influx, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cell death were measured by flow cytometry. Nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and content of intracellular ATP were also determined. In addition, the phosphorylation levels of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK-1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38) were evaluated as well. Besides, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also examined to reveal underlying mechanisms. Results showed that KT rescued cell death, and suppressed the accumulation of intracellular ROS and the increase of intracellular calcium influx. In addition, KT maintained normal function of mitochondria and inhibited the phosphorylation of ASK-1, JNK, and p38. KT also promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and enhanced the expression of HO-1 both at protein and mRNA level. Importantly, blockage of Nrf2 almost completely abolished the neuroprotective effects of KT, while blockage of HO-1 expression partly neutralized its neuroprotective effects. Our results indicated that KT can protect HT22 cells from glutamate-induced cell death by activating Nrf2 pathway and inducing expression of HO-1, suggesting KT might be a drug candidate for treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Basic Veterinary Medicine and Cell Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Basic Veterinary Medicine and Cell Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Basic Veterinary Medicine and Cell Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chaoshuang Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Basic Veterinary Medicine and Cell Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Honglian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Basic Veterinary Medicine and Cell Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wuqing Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Basic Veterinary Medicine and Cell Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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19
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Wei Y, Liu D, Zheng Y, Li H, Hao C, Ouyang W. Protective effects of kinetin against aluminum chloride and D-galactose induced cognitive impairment and oxidative damage in mouse. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:262-272. [PMID: 28867383 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that aluminum exposure and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the initiation and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and d-galactose (d-gal) combined treatment of mice is considered as an easy and cheap way to obtain an animal model of AD. Kinetin is a plant cytokinin, which is also reported to exert neuro-protective effects in vivo and in vitro. Thus, in this study, neuro-protective effects of kinetin were investigated in an AD model of mice induced by AlCl3 and d-gal. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to directly evaluate neuro-protective effects of kinetin on the memory and spatial learning abilities, while the histopathological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining method. To further investigate mechanisms involved, Al content in cortex and hippocampus was determined. In addition, related detection kits were used to determine acetylcholine (ACh) content and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Activities of anti-oxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the content of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also measured. Besides, the content of oxidative damage bio-markers including 8-iso-prostaglandin F (8-iso-PGF), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were determined by ELISA kits. Finally, the distribution of beta-amyloid protein 1-42 (Aβ1-42) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), while the expression levels of amyloidogenic proteins including β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-secretase, γ-secretase and Aβ1-42 were detected by western blotting (WB) method. Results showed that kinetin improved performance in MWM test, attenuated histopathological changes, reduced Al level in cortex and hippocampus, increased ACh content and decreased AChE activity. In addition, kinetin elevated activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and reduced the levels of oxidative damage biomarkers in AD model of mice. Furthermore, kinetin also increased the content of HO-1, and inhibited the distribution of Aβ1-42 and the expressions of amyloidogenic proteins (APP, β-secretase, γ-secretase and Aβ1-42) in brain tissue of AD mice. Our results indicate that kinetin has neuro-protective effects on the AD model of mice induced by AlCl3 and d-gal, suggesting that kinetin may be a candidate drug for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Honglian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chaoshuang Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wuqing Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Ranjitha K, Shivashankara K, Sudhakar Rao D, Oberoi HS, Roy T, Bharathamma H. Improvement in shelf life of minimally processed cilantro leaves through integration of kinetin pretreatment and packaging interventions: Studies on microbial population dynamics, biochemical characteristics and flavour retention. Food Chem 2017; 221:844-854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Latrasse D, Benhamed M, Bergounioux C, Raynaud C, Delarue M. Plant programmed cell death from a chromatin point of view. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5887-5900. [PMID: 27639093 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a ubiquitous genetically regulated process consisting of the activation of finely controlled signalling pathways that lead to cellular suicide. PCD can be part of a developmental programme (dPCD) or be triggered by environmental conditions (ePCD). In plant cells, as in animal cells, extensive chromatin condensation and degradation of the nuclear DNA are among the most conspicuous features of cells undergoing PCD. Changes in chromatin condensation could either reflect the structural changes required for internucleosomal fragmentation of nuclear DNA or relate to large-scale chromatin rearrangements associated with a major transcriptional switch occurring during cell death. The aim of this review is to give an update on plant PCD processes from a chromatin point of view. The first part will be dedicated to chromatin conformational changes associated with cell death observed in various developmental and physiological conditions, whereas the second part will be devoted to histone dynamics and DNA modifications associated with critical changes in genome expression during the cell death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Latrasse
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Benhamed
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C Bergounioux
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C Raynaud
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Delarue
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
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Jabłońska-Trypuć A, Matejczyk M, Czerpak R. N6-benzyladenine and kinetin influence antioxidative stress parameters in human skin fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 413:97-107. [PMID: 26738489 PMCID: PMC4744253 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
N6-benzyladenine and kinetin are adenine-type cytokinins that play various roles in many aspects of plant development and stimulate anabolic processes in plant cells. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of N6-benzyladenine and kinetin on basic oxidative stress parameters, such as antioxidative enzyme activity, reduced glutathione and thiol group content, and lipid peroxidation. The results show a stimulatory effect of kinetin and N6-benzyladenine on antioxidative enzyme activity, as well as reduced glutathione and thiol group content. Cytokinins caused a decrease in membrane phospholipid peroxidation and exhibited protective properties against malondialdehyde production. The present findings reveal that both N6-benzyladenine and kinetin exhibit multiple and complex actions in fibroblast cells in vitro. Both show antioxidant properties and are potentially powerful agents with applications in the prevention and treatment of many diseases connected with oxidative stress in skin, for example, psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć
- Department of Sanitary Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Marzena Matejczyk
- Department of Sanitary Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Romuald Czerpak
- The School of Medical Science in Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Rybaczek D, Musiałek MW, Balcerczyk A. Caffeine-Induced Premature Chromosome Condensation Results in the Apoptosis-Like Programmed Cell Death in Root Meristems of Vicia faba. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142307. [PMID: 26545248 PMCID: PMC4636323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that the activation of apoptosis-like programmed cell death (AL-PCD) was a secondary result of caffeine (CF) induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) in hydroxyurea-synchronized Vicia faba root meristem cells. Initiation of the apoptotic-like cell degradation pathway seemed to be the result of DNA damage generated by treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) [double-stranded breaks (DSBs) mostly] and co-treatment with HU/CF [single-stranded breaks (SSBs) mainly]. A single chromosome comet assay was successfully used to study different types of DNA damage (neutral variant–DSBs versus alkaline–DSBs or SSBs). The immunocytochemical detection of H2AXS139Ph and PARP-2 were used as markers for DSBs and SSBs, respectively. Acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) were applied for quantitative immunofluorescence measurements of dead, dying and living cells. Apoptotic-type DNA fragmentation and positive TUNEL reaction finally proved that CF triggers AL-PCD in stressed V. faba root meristem cells. In addition, the results obtained under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further revealed apoptotic-like features at the ultrastructural level of PCC-type cells: (i) extensive vacuolization; (ii) abnormal chromatin condensation, its marginalization and concomitant degradation; (iii) formation of autophagy-like vesicles (iv) protoplast shrinkage (v) fragmentation of cell nuclei and (vi) extensive degeneration of the cells. The results obtained have been discussed with respect to the vacuolar/autolytic type of plant-specific AL-PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Rybaczek
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcelina Weronika Musiałek
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Aneta Balcerczyk
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Żur I, Dubas E, Krzewska M, Janowiak F. Current insights into hormonal regulation of microspore embryogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:424. [PMID: 26113852 PMCID: PMC4462098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth regulator (PGR) crosstalk and interaction with the plant's genotype and environmental factors play a crucial role in microspore embryogenesis (ME), controlling microspore-derived embryo differentiation and development as well as haploid/doubled haploid plant regeneration. The complexity of the PGR network which could exist at the level of biosynthesis, distribution, gene expression or signaling pathways, renders the creation of an integrated model of ME-control crosstalk impossible at present. However, the analysis of the published data together with the results received recently with the use of modern analytical techniques brings new insights into hormonal regulation of this process. This review presents a short historical overview of the most important milestones in the recognition of hormonal requirements for effective ME in the most important crop plant species and complements it with new concepts that evolved over the last decade of ME studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Żur
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
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Dichlorido-platinum(II) complexes with kinetin derivatives as promising cytotoxic agents avoiding resistance of cancer cells: Contrasting results between cisplatin and oxaliplatin analogues. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zhao L, Liu P, Guo G, Wang L. Combination of cytokinin and auxin induces apoptosis, cell cycle progression arrest and blockage of the Akt pathway in HeLa cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:719-27. [PMID: 25738331 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cytokinins and auxins have recently been proposed as novel cancer therapies, which proceed via different mechanisms; however, their combined use has not been investigated. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to show that the cytokinin ortho-methoxytopolin-riboside (MeoTR) strongly inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells, the effect of which was synergistically enhanced by auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), while IAA demonstrated to have no cytotoxic effects on cells. MeoTR was found to activate intrinsic and extrinsic caspase-dependent pathways, and IAA potentiated this activation. In addition, these effects were blocked by Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK), a pan-specific-caspase-inhibitor. IAA increased the MeoTR- induced inhibition of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and survivin, whereas IAA-only decreased Bcl-2 expression. MeoTR downregulated phosphorylated (p)-pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, p-Akt and p-glycogen synthase kinase 3β, the effect of which was more potent in combination with IAA, despite the weak effect of IAA alone. LY294002, an Akt-inhibitor, was able to increase the inhibition of p-Akt through MeoTR and combination treatment. IAA and MeoTR increased the proportion of cells in S phase independently. However, the combination treatment induced a further increase. In addition, IAA and MeoTR treatment downregulated protein levels of cyclin A, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and p-CDK2, and upregulated protein levels of p21 and p27. Furthermore, the combination treatment enhanced these effects, indicating that IAA potentiated the inhibitory effect of MeoTR on HeLa cells via cell cycle progression arrest and accumulation in S phase, coupled with the negative regulation of Bcl-2. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that treatment with these two phytohormones in combination, may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignant cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Guangqin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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Żur I, Dubas E, Krzewska M, Waligórski P, Dziurka M, Janowiak F. Hormonal requirements for effective induction of microspore embryogenesis in triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) anther cultures. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:47-62. [PMID: 25261160 PMCID: PMC4282712 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Effective microspore embryogenesis in triticale is determined by a specific hormonal homeostasis: low value of IAA/cytokinins, IAA/ABA and cytokinins/ABA ratios as well as proper endogenous/exogenous auxin balance, which favours androgenic structure formation and green plant regeneration ability. The concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs): auxins (Auxs), cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA) was measured in anthers of eight DH lines of triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.), and associated with microspore embryogenesis (ME) responsiveness. The analysis was conducted on anthers excised from control tillers at the phase optimal for ME induction and then after ME-initiating tillers treatment (21 days at 4 °C). In control, IAA predominated among Auxs (11-39 nmol g(-1) DW), with IBA constituting only 1 % of total Auxs content. The prevailing isoforms of CKs were cis isomers of zeatin (121-424 pmol g(-1) DW) and zeatin ryboside (cZR, 146-432 pmol g(-1) DW). Surprisingly, a relatively high level (10-64 pmol g(-1) DW) of kinetin (KIN) was detected. Cold treatment significantly changed the levels of all analysed PGRs. The anthers of 'responsive' DH lines contained higher concentrations of IBA, cis and trans zeatin, cZR and ABA, and lower amount of IAA and KIN in comparison with 'recalcitrant' genotypes. However, the effects of exogenous ABA, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid treatments suggest that none of the studied PGRs acts alone in the acquisition of embryogenic competency, which seems to be an effect of concerted PGRs crosstalk. The initiation of ME required a certain threshold level of ABA. A crucial prerequisite for high ME effectiveness was a specific PGRs homeostasis: lower Auxs level in comparison with CKs and ABA, and lower CKs/ABA ratio. A proper balance between endogenous Auxs in anthers and exogenous Auxs supplied by culture media was also essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Żur
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Dubas
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Krzewska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Waligórski
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Franciszek Janowiak
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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Doniak M, Barciszewska MZ, Kaźmierczak J, Kaźmierczak A. The crucial elements of the 'last step' of programmed cell death induced by kinetin in root cortex of V. faba ssp. minor seedlings. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:2063-76. [PMID: 25213134 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Kinetin-induced programmed cell death, manifested by condensation, degradation and methylation of DNA and fluctuation of kinase activities and ATP levels, is an autolytic and root cortex cell-specific process. The last step of programmed cell death (PCD) induced by kinetin in the root cortex of V. faba ssp. minor seedlings was explained using morphologic (nuclear chromatin/aggregation) and metabolic (DNA degradation, DNA methylation and kinases activity) analyses. This step involves: (1) decrease in nuclear DNA content, (2) increase in the number of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-stained chromocenters, and decrease in chromomycin A3 (CMA3)-stained chromocenters, (3) increase in fluorescence intensity of CMA3-stained chromocenters, (4) condensation of DAPI-stained and loosening of CMA3-stained chromatin, (5) fluctuation of the level of DNA methylation, (6) fluctuation of activities of exo-/endonucleolytic Zn(2+) and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-dependent nucleases, (7) changes in H1 and core histone kinase activities and (8) decrease in cellular ATP amount. These results confirmed that kinetin-induced PCD was a specific process. Additionally, based on data presented in this paper (DNA condensation and ATP depletion) and previous studies [increase in vacuole, increase in amount of cytosolic calcium ions, ROS production and cytosol acidification "in Byczkowska et al. (Protoplasma 250:121-128, 2013)"], we propose that the process resembles autolytic type of cell death, the most common type of death during development of plants. Lastly, the observations also suggested that regulation of these processes might be under control of epigenetic (methylation/phosphorylation) mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Doniak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland,
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Vistoli G, Brizzolari A, Faioni E, Razzari C, Santaniello E. Naturally occurring N(6)-substituted adenosines (cytokinin ribosides) are in vitro inhibitors of platelet aggregation: an in silico evaluation of their interaction with the P2Y(12) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5652-5655. [PMID: 25467153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A few naturally occurring N(6)-substituted adenosine derivatives (cytokinin ribosides) were investigated as inhibitors of platelet aggregation induced in vitro by collagen and their activity range was demonstrated (IC50: 6.77-141 μM). A docking study suggests that anti-aggregation activity of these compounds could involve an interaction with the P2Y12 receptor binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Università degli Studi, Via Celoria 2, 20100 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Brizzolari
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Faioni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milano, Italy; S. Paolo Hospital, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Enzo Santaniello
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milano, Italy.
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Adamska E, Barciszewski J, Markiewicz WT. Convenient and efficient syntheses of N(6)- and N(4)- substituted adenines and cytosines and their 2'-deoxyribosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 31:861-71. [PMID: 23215549 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2012.742198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Convenient and efficient methods of the synthesis of N(6)- and N(4)-substituted derivatives of adenine and cytosine and their 2'-deoxyribosides were developed. The reactions of either unprotected nucleobases (adenine, cytosine) or unprotected 2'-deoxyribosides with aryl or alkyl aldehydes give corresponding Schiff bases that can be reduced to the target title compounds with high overall yields. In the case of aryl aldehydes the imine derivatives are obtained in the presence of methoxides in methanol and reduced with sodium borohydride. The corresponding reactions with alkyl aldehydes require the use of acetic acid and borane dimethyl sulfide complex instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Adamska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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31
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Carrette LLG, Madder A. A synthetic oligonucleotide model for evaluating the oxidation and crosslinking propensities of natural furan-modified DNA. Chembiochem 2013; 15:103-7. [PMID: 24323800 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have previously developed a crosslinking methodology for oligonucleotides based on the incorporation of furan moieties, which can be selectively oxidised to reactive intermediates that will quickly react with the opposite bases in DNA, forming toxic interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Furan moieties also occur in natural DNA, as a result of oxidative stress. Moreover, the furan-containing degradation product of this modified DNA-kinetin-has been found to display beneficial anti-ageing effects. To investigate the apparent discrepancy between the effects of the synthetic and the natural furan modifications in DNA, a quick and easy postsynthetic method providing access to the natural modification in short synthetic oligonucleotides was developed. On checking for potential crosslinking propensity, we found that the furan moiety does indeed undergo oxidation, in this way functioning as an important scavenger for oxidative stress. The reactive intermediate, however, was shown to degrade without producing toxic crosslinked products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot L G Carrette
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Gent (Belgium).
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Kunikowska A, Byczkowska A, Kaźmierczak A. Kinetin induces cell death in root cortex cells of Vicia faba ssp. minor seedlings. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:851-61. [PMID: 23143313 PMCID: PMC3728429 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The double fluorescence staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) revealed that treatment of Vicia faba ssp. minor seedlings with kinetin-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in root cortex cells. Kinetin-induced cell death reflected by the morphological changes of nuclei including their invagination, volume increase, chromatin condensation and degradation as well as formation of micronuclei showed by AO/EB and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindol staining was accompanied by changes including increase in conductivity of cell electrolytes secreted to culture media, decrease in the number of the G1- and G2-phase cells and appearance of fraction of hypoploid cells as the effect of DNA degradation without ladder formation. Decrease in the number of mitochondria and in the activity of cellular dehydrogenases, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), appearance of small and then large lytic vacuoles and increase in the amount of cytosolic calcium ions were also observed. The PCD was also manifested by increased width and weight of apical fragments of roots as well as decreased length of cortex cells which led to shortening of the whole roots. The kinetin-induced PCD process was almost completely inhibited by adenine, an inhibitor of phosphoribosyl transferase, and mannitol, an inhibitor of ROS production. These cell-death hallmarks and pathway of this process suggested that the induction of kinetin-specific vacuolar type of death, expressed itself with similar intensity on both morphological and metabolic levels, was a transient protecting whole roots and whole seedlings against elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kunikowska
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Byczkowska
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90236 Łódź, Poland
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Walsh JM, Ippoliti PJ, Ronayne EA, Rozners E, Beuning PJ. Discrimination against major groove adducts by Y-family polymerases of the DinB subfamily. DNA Repair (Amst) 2013; 12:713-22. [PMID: 23791649 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Y-family DNA polymerases bypass DNA adducts in a process known as translesion synthesis (TLS). Y-family polymerases make contacts with the minor groove side of the DNA substrate at the nascent base pair. The Y-family polymerases also contact the DNA major groove via the unique little finger domain, but they generally lack contacts with the major groove at the nascent base pair. Escherichia coli DinB efficiently and accurately copies certain minor groove guanosine adducts. In contrast, we previously showed that the presence in the DNA template of the major groove-modified base 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenothiazine (tC) inhibits the activity of E. coli DinB. Even when the DNA primer is extended up to three nucleotides beyond the site of the tC analog, DinB activity is strongly inhibited. These findings prompted us to investigate discrimination against other major groove modifications by DinB and its orthologs. We chose a set of pyrimidines and purines with modifications in the major groove and determined the activity of DinB and several orthologs with these substrates. DinB, human pol kappa, and Sulfolobus solfataricus Dpo4 show differing specificities for the major groove adducts pyrrolo-dC, dP, N(6)-furfuryl-dA, and etheno-dA. In general, DinB was least efficient for bypass of all of these major groove adducts, whereas Dpo4 was most efficient. DinB activity was essentially completely inhibited by the presence of etheno-dA, while pol kappa activity was strongly inhibited. All three of these DNA polymerases were able to bypass N(6)-furfuryl-dA with modest efficiency, with DinB being the least efficient. We also determined that the R35A variant of DinB enhances bypass of N(6)-furfuryl-dA but not etheno-dA. In sum, we find that whereas DinB is specific for bypass of minor groove adducts, it is specifically inhibited by major groove DNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Walsh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Hošek J, Novotná R, Babula P, Vančo J, Trávníček Z. Zn(II)-Chlorido complexes of phytohormone kinetin and its derivatives modulate expression of inflammatory mediators in THP-1 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65214. [PMID: 23755195 PMCID: PMC3670929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetin (N6-furfuryladenine) belongs to a group of plant growth hormones involved in cell division, differentiation and other physiological processes. One of the possible ways to obtain biologically active compounds is to complex biologically relevant natural compounds to suitable metal atoms. In this work, two structural groups of Zn(II) complexes [Zn(Ln)2Cl2]·Solv (1–5) and [Zn(HLn)Cl3]·xLn (6–7); n = 1–5, Solv = CH3OH for 1 and 2H2O for 2; x = 1 for 6 and 2 for 7; involving a phytohormone kinetin and its derivatives (Ln) were evaluated for their ability to modulate secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage-like THP-1 cell model. The penetration of the complexes to cells was also detected. The mechanism of interactions of the zinc(II) complexes with a fluorescent sensor N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-p-toluene sulphonamide (TSQ) and sulfur-containing biomolecules (l-cysteine and reduced glutathione) was studied by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry and flow-injection analysis with fluorescence detection. The present study showed that the tested complexes exhibited a low cytotoxic effect on the THP-1 cell line (IC50>40 µM), apart from complex 4, with an IC50 = 10.9±1.1 µM. Regarding the inflammation-related processes, the Zn(II) complexes significantly decreased IL-1β production by a factor of 1.47–2.22 compared with the control (DMSO), but did not affect TNF-α and MMP-2 secretions. However, application of the Zn(II) complexes noticeably changed the pro-MMP-2/MMP-2 ratio towards a higher amount of maturated MMP-2, when they induced a 4-times higher production of maturated MMP-2 in comparison with the vehicle-treated cells under LPS stimulation. These results indicated that the complexes are able to modulate an inflammatory response by influencing secretion and activity of several inflammation-related cytokines and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hošek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Novotná
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Vančo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Kunikowska A, Byczkowska A, Doniak M, Kaźmierczak A. Cytokinins résumé: their signaling and role in programmed cell death in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:771-80. [PMID: 23579381 PMCID: PMC3654191 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are a large group of plant hormones which play a crucial role in many physiological processes in plants. One of the interesting functions of CKs is the control of programmed cell death (PCD). It seems that all CKs-dependent phenomena including PCD are accompanied by special multi-step phosphorelay signaling pathway. This pathway consists of three elements: histidine kinase receptors (HKs), histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPs) and response regulators (RRs). This review shows the résumé of the latest knowledge about CKs signaling pathways in many physiological processes in plants with special attention paid to PCD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kunikowska
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/133, 90236 Łódź, Poland
| | - A. Byczkowska
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/133, 90236 Łódź, Poland
| | - M. Doniak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/133, 90236 Łódź, Poland
| | - A. Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/133, 90236 Łódź, Poland
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Walsh JM, Parasuram R, Rajput PR, Rozners E, Ondrechen MJ, Beuning PJ. Effects of non-catalytic, distal amino acid residues on activity of E. coli DinB (DNA polymerase IV). ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2012; 53:766-776. [PMID: 23034734 DOI: 10.1002/em.21730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
DinB is one of two Y family polymerases in E. coli and is involved in copying damaged DNA. DinB is specialized to bypass deoxyguanosine adducts that occur at the N(2) position, with its cognate lesion being the furfuryl adduct. Active site residues have been identified that make contact with the substrate and carry out deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) addition to the growing DNA strand. In DNA polymerases, these include negatively charged aspartate and glutamate residues (D8, D103, and E104 in E. coli DNA polymerase IV DinB). These residues position the essential magnesium ions correctly to facilitate nucleophilic attack by the primer hydroxyl group on the α-phosphate group of the incoming dNTP. To study the contribution of DinB residues to lesion bypass, the computational methods THEMATICS and POOL were employed. These methods correctly predict the known active site residues, as well as other residues known to be important for activity. In addition, these methods predict other residues involved in substrate binding as well as more remote residues. DinB variants with mutations at the predicted positions were constructed and assayed for bypass of the N(2) -furfuryl-dG lesion. We find a wide range of effects of predicted residues, including some mutations that abolish damage bypass. Moreover, most of the DinB variants constructed are unable to carry out the extension step of lesion bypass. The use of computational prediction methods represents another tool that will lead to a more complete understanding of translesion DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Walsh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Rajabi M, Gorincioi E, Santaniello E. Antiproliferative activity of kinetin riboside on HCT-15 colon cancer cell line. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 31:474-81. [PMID: 22646087 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2012.681825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinins and cytokinin nucleosides are purine derivatives with potential anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. N(6)-furfuryladenosine (kinetin riboside, KR) displays antiproliferative and apoptogenic activity against various human cancer cell lines and has recently been shown to suppress tumor growth in murine xenograft models of human leukemia and melanoma. In this study, we demonstrate that KR is able to inhibit the proliferation in HCT-15 human colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with a concentration of 2.5 μM, which causes 50% inhibition of cell viability. The cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry showed that KR arrested cell cycle progression in the S Phase by blocking through G(2)/M and G(0)/G(1) phase in HCT-15 colon cells. Moreover, suppression of clonogenic activity occurs after exposure to KR at a concentration of 2.5 μM for HCT-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rajabi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Universitá del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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Monolithic molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for the selective determination of trace cytokinins in plant samples with liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:489-501. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Trávníček Z, Starha P, Vančo J, Silha T, Hošek J, Suchý P, Pražanová G. Anti-inflammatory active gold(I) complexes involving 6-substituted-purine derivatives. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4568-79. [PMID: 22541000 DOI: 10.1021/jm201416p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The gold(I) complexes of the general formula [Au(L(n))(PPh(3))]·xH(2)O (1-8; n = 1-8 and x = 0-1.5), where L(n) stands for a deprotonated form of the benzyl-substituted derivatives of 6-benzylaminopurine, were prepared, thoroughly characterized (elemental analyses, FT-IR, Raman and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, ESI+ mass spectrometry, conductivity, DFT calculations), and studied for their in vitro cytotoxicity and in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-activated macrophages (derived from THP-1 cell line) and using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model on rats. The obtained results indicate that the representative complexes (1, 3, 6) exhibit a strong ability to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1 without influence on the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA in the LPS-activated macrophages. The complexes also significantly influence the formation of edema, caused by the intraplantar application of polysaccharide λ-carrageenan to rats in vivo. All the tested complexes showed similar or better biological effects as compared with Auranofin, but contrary to Auranofin they were found to be less cytotoxic in vitro. The obtained results clearly indicate that the gold(I) complexes behave as very effective anti-inflammatory agents and could prove to be useful for the treatment of difficult to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Trávníček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Dudzik P, Dulińska-Litewka J, Wyszko E, Jędrychowska P, Opałka M, Barciszewski J, Laidler P. Effects of kinetin riboside on proliferation and proapoptotic activities in human normal and cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:2115-24. [PMID: 21465535 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Kinetin riboside (KR) is a N6-substituted derivative of adenosine. It is a natural compound which occurs in the milk of coconuts on the nanomole level. KR was initially shown to selectively inhibit proliferation of cancer cells and induce their apoptosis. We observed that KR inhibited growth (20-80%) of not only human cancer, but also normal cells and that this effect strongly depended on the type of cells. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was downregulated, while proapoptotic Bax was upregulated in normal as well as in cancer cell lines, upon exposure to KR. Cytochrome c level increased in the cytosol upon treatment of cells with KR. The activity of caspases (ApoFluor®Green Caspase Activity Assay), as well as caspase-3 (caspase-3 activation assay) were increased mainly in cancer cells. The expression of procaspase 9 and its active form in the nucleus as well as in cytosol of KR-treated cells was elevated. In contrast, no effect of KR on caspase 8 expression was noted. The results indicated that non-malignant cells were less sensitive to KR then their cancer analogs and that KR most likely stimulated apoptosis mechanism of cancer cells through the intrinsic pathway.
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Frébort I, Kowalska M, Hluska T, Frébortová J, Galuszka P. Evolution of cytokinin biosynthesis and degradation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:2431-52. [PMID: 21321050 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin hormones are important regulators of development and environmental responses of plants that execute their action via the molecular machinery of signal perception and transduction. The limiting step of the whole process is the availability of the hormone in suitable concentrations in the right place and at the right time to interact with the specific receptor. Hence, the hormone concentrations in individual tissues, cells, and organelles must be properly maintained by biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes. Although there are merely two active cytokinins, isopentenyladenine and its hydroxylated derivative zeatin, a variety of conjugates they may form and the number of enzymes/isozymes with varying substrate specificity involved in their biosynthesis and conversion gives the plant a variety of tools for fine tuning of the hormone level. Recent genome-wide studies revealed the existence of the respective coding genes and gene families in plants and in some bacteria. This review summarizes present knowledge on the enzymes that synthesize cytokinins, form cytokinin conjugates, and carry out irreversible elimination of the hormones, including their phylogenetic analysis and possible variations in different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Frébort
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 813/21, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Lin L, Tan RX. Cross-kingdom actions of phytohormones: a functional scaffold exploration. Chem Rev 2011; 111:2734-60. [PMID: 21250668 DOI: 10.1021/cr100061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Phosphatidylserine increases IKBKAP levels in familial dysautonomia cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15884. [PMID: 21209961 PMCID: PMC3012102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Dysautonomia (FD) is an autosomal recessive congenital neuropathy that results from abnormal development and progressive degeneration of the sensory and autonomic nervous system. The mutation observed in almost all FD patients is a point mutation at position 6 of intron 20 of the IKBKAP gene; this gene encodes the IκB kinase complex-associated protein (IKAP). The mutation results in a tissue-specific splicing defect: Exon 20 is skipped, leading to reduced IKAP protein expression. Here we show that phosphatidylserine (PS), an FDA-approved food supplement, increased IKAP mRNA levels in cells derived from FD patients. Long-term treatment with PS led to a significant increase in IKAP protein levels in these cells. A conjugate of PS and an omega-3 fatty acid also increased IKAP mRNA levels. Furthermore, PS treatment released FD cells from cell cycle arrest and up-regulated a significant number of genes involved in cell cycle regulation. Our results suggest that PS has potential for use as a therapeutic agent for FD. Understanding its mechanism of action may reveal the mechanism underlying the FD disease.
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Voller J, Zatloukal M, Lenobel R, Dolezal K, Béres T, Krystof V, Spíchal L, Niemann P, Dzubák P, Hajdúch M, Strnad M. Anticancer activity of natural cytokinins: a structure-activity relationship study. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:1350-1359. [PMID: 20553699 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin ribosides (N(6)-substituted adenosine derivatives) have been shown to have anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. This study presents the first systematic analysis of the relationship between the chemical structure of cytokinins and their cytotoxic effects against a panel of human cancer cell lines with diverse histopathological origins. The results confirm the cytotoxic activity of N(6)-isopentenyladenosine, kinetin riboside, and N(6)-benzyladenosine and show that the spectrum of cell lines that are sensitive to these compounds and their tissues of origin are wider than previously reported. The first evidence that the hydroxylated aromatic cytokinins (ortho-, meta-, para-topolin riboside) and the isoprenoid cytokinin cis-zeatin riboside have cytotoxic activities is presented. Most cell lines in the panel showed greatest sensitivity to ortho-topolin riboside (IC(50)=0.5-11.6 microM). Cytokinin nucleotides, some synthesized for the first time in this study, were usually active in a similar concentration range to the corresponding ribosides. However, cytokinin free bases, 2-methylthio derivatives and both O- and N-glucosides showed little or no toxicity. Overall the study shows that structural requirements for cytotoxic activity of cytokinins against human cancer cell lines differ from the requirements for their activity in plant bioassays. The potent anticancer activity of ortho-topolin riboside (GI(50)=0.07-84.60 microM, 1st quartile=0.33 microM, median=0.65 microM, 3rd quartile=1.94 microM) was confirmed using NCI(60), a standard panel of 59 cell lines, originating from nine different tissues. Further, the activity pattern of oTR was distinctly different from those of standard anticancer drugs, suggesting that it has a unique mechanism of activity. In comparison with standard drugs, oTR showed exceptional cytotoxic activity against NCI(60) cell lines with a mutated p53 tumour suppressor gene. oTR also exhibited significant anticancer activity against several tumour models in in vivo hollow fibre assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirí Voller
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Slechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Walla J, Szüčová L, Císařová I, Gucký T, Zatloukal M, Doležal K, Greplová J, Massino FJ, Strnad M. X-ray structure, NMR and stability-in-solution study of 6-(furfurylamino)-9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)purine – A new active compound for cosmetology. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yong JWH, Ge L, Ng YF, Tan SN. The chemical composition and biological properties of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water. Molecules 2009; 14:5144-64. [PMID: 20032881 PMCID: PMC6255029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14125144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coconut water (coconut liquid endosperm), with its many applications, is one of the world's most versatile natural product. This refreshing beverage is consumed worldwide as it is nutritious and beneficial for health. There is increasing scientific evidence that supports the role of coconut water in health and medicinal applications. Coconut water is traditionally used as a growth supplement in plant tissue culture/micropropagation. The wide applications of coconut water can be justified by its unique chemical composition of sugars, vitamins, minerals, amino acids and phytohormones. This review attempts to summarise and evaluate the chemical composition and biological properties of coconut water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Swee Ngin Tan
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616 Singapore
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Pils B, Heyl A. Unraveling the evolution of cytokinin signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 151:782-91. [PMID: 19675156 PMCID: PMC2754637 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.139188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The conquest of the land by plants required dramatic morphological and metabolic adaptations. Complex developmental programs under tight regulation evolved during this process. Key regulators of plant development are phytohormones, such as cytokinins. Cytokinins are adenine derivatives that affect various processes in plants. The cytokinin signal transduction system, which is mediated via a multistep variant of the bacterial two-component signaling system, is well characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To understand the origin and evolutionary pattern of this signaling pathway, we surveyed the genomes of several sequenced key plant species ranging from unicellular algae, moss, and lycophytes, to higher land plants, including Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa), for proteins involved in cytokinin signal transduction. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the hormone-binding receptor and a class of negative regulators first appeared in land plants. Other components of the signaling pathway were present in all species investigated. Furthermore, we found that the receptors evolved under different evolutionary constraints from the other components of the pathway: The number of receptors remained fairly constant, while the other protein families expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Pils
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
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Meyer A, Rypniewski W, Szymański M, Voelter W, Barciszewski J, Betzel C. Structure of mistletoe lectin I from Viscum album in complex with the phytohormone zeatin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:1590-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Solubility enhancement of kinetin through host–guest interactions with cucurbiturils. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-008-9410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Choi BH, Kim W, Wang QC, Kim DC, Tan SN, Yong JWH, Kim KT, Yoon HS. Kinetin riboside preferentially induces apoptosis by modulating Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase-3 in cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2007; 261:37-45. [PMID: 18162289 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that kinetin riboside (KR), a cytokinin analog, induces apoptosis in HeLa and mouse melanoma B16F-10 cells. KR disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3. Bad were upregulated while Bcl-2 was down-regulated under KR exposure. A tumor growth in mice was dramatically suppressed by KR. In contrast, human skin fibroblast CCL-116 and bovine primary fibroblast cells show resistances to KR and no significant changes in Bad, Bcl-X(L,) and cleaved PARP were observed. Our data suggest that KR selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells through the classical mitochondria dependent apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hwa Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637511, Singapore
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