1
|
Chauhan N, Gaur KK, Asuru TR, Guchhait P. Dengue virus: pathogenesis and potential for small molecule inhibitors. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20240134. [PMID: 39051974 PMCID: PMC11327219 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20240134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue, caused by dengue virus (DENV), is now endemic in nearly 100 countries and infection incidence is reported in another 30 countries. Yearly an estimated 400 million cases and 2200 deaths are reported. Effective vaccines against DENV are limited and there has been significant focus on the development of effective antiviral against the disease. The World Health Organization has initiated research programs to prioritize the development and optimization of antiviral agents against several viruses including Flaviviridae. A significant effort has been taken by the researchers to develop effective antivirals against DENV. Several potential small-molecule inhibitors like efavirenz, tipranavir and dasabuvir have been tested against envelope and non-structural proteins of DENV, and are in clinical trials around the world. We recently developed one small molecule, namely 7D, targeting the host PF4-CXCR3 axis. 7D inhibited all 4 serotypes of DENV in vitro and specifically DENV2 infection in two different mice models. Although the development of dengue vaccines remains a high priority, antibody cross reactivity among the serotypes and resulting antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection are major concerns that have limited the development of effective vaccine against DENV. Therefore, there has been a significant emphasis on the development of antiviral drugs against dengue. This review article describes the rescue effects of some of the small molecule inhibitors to viral/host factors associated with DENV pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navya Chauhan
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Kishan Kumar Gaur
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Tejeswara Rao Asuru
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rivera-Serrano BV, Cabanillas-Salcido SL, Cordero-Rivera CD, Jiménez-Camacho R, Norzagaray-Valenzuela CD, Calderón-Zamora L, De Jesús-González LA, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Farfan-Morales CN, Romero-Utrilla A, Ruíz-Ruelas VM, Camberos-Barraza J, Camacho-Zamora A, De la Herrán-Arita AK, Angulo-Rojo C, Guadrón-Llanos AM, Rábago-Monzón ÁR, Perales-Sánchez JXK, Valdez-Flores MA, Del Ángel RM, Osuna-Ramos JF. Antiviral Effect of Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum Protein Hydrolysates against Dengue Virus Serotype 2. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:369. [PMID: 39195485 DOI: 10.3390/md22080369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), is a global health threat transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, resulting in 400 million cases annually. The disease ranges from mild to severe, with potential progression to hemorrhagic dengue. Current research is focused on natural antivirals due to challenges in vector control. This study evaluates the antiviral potential of peptides derived from the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum, known for its bioactive compounds. Microalgae were cultivated under controlled conditions, followed by protein extraction and hydrolysis to produce four peptide fractions. These fractions were assessed for cytotoxicity via the MTT assay and antiviral activity against DENV serotype 2 using flow cytometry and plaque formation assays. The 10-30 kDa peptide fraction, at 150 and 300 μg/mL concentrations, demonstrated no cytotoxicity and significantly reduced the percentage of infected cells and viral titers. These findings suggest that peptides derived from Phaeodactylum tricornutum exhibit promising antiviral activity against dengue virus serotype 2, potentially contributing to developing new therapeutic approaches for dengue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Vianey Rivera-Serrano
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Mexico
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS), Culiacán 80246, Mexico
| | - Sandy Lucero Cabanillas-Salcido
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Mexico
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS), Culiacán 80246, Mexico
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Jiménez-Camacho
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | | | | | - Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Región Veracruz, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91700, Mexico
| | - Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05348, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Romero-Utrilla
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Culiacán 80200, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Carla Angulo-Rojo
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Mexico
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Culiacán 80200, Mexico
| | - Alma Marlene Guadrón-Llanos
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Mexico
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Medicina Traslacional y Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS), Culiacán 80246, Mexico
| | - Ángel Radamés Rábago-Monzón
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS), Culiacán 80246, Mexico
| | | | - Marco Antonio Valdez-Flores
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Mexico
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS), Culiacán 80246, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Mexico
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS), Culiacán 80246, Mexico
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Culiacán 80200, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baghel RS, Choudhary B, Pandey S, Pathak PK, Patel MK, Mishra A. Rehashing Our Insight of Seaweeds as a Potential Source of Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Pharmaceuticals. Foods 2023; 12:3642. [PMID: 37835294 PMCID: PMC10573080 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In a few Southeast Asian nations, seaweeds have been a staple of the cuisine since prehistoric times. Seaweeds are currently becoming more and more popular around the world due to their superior nutritional value and medicinal properties. This is because of rising seaweed production on a global scale and substantial research on their composition and bioactivities over the past 20 years. By reviewing several articles in the literature, this review aimed to provide comprehensive information about the primary and secondary metabolites and various classes of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and essential fatty acids, along with their bioactivities, in a single article. This review also highlights the potential of seaweeds in the development of nutraceuticals, with a particular focus on their ability to enhance human health and overall well-being. In addition, we discuss the challenges and potential opportunities associated with the advancement of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals derived from seaweeds, as well as their incorporation into different industrial sectors. Furthermore, we find that many bioactive constituents found in seaweeds have demonstrated potential in terms of different therapeutic attributes, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and other properties. In conclusion, seaweed-based bioactive compounds have a huge potential to play an important role in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors. However, future research should pay more attention to developing efficient techniques for the extraction and purification of compounds as well as their toxicity analysis, clinical efficacy, mode of action, and interactions with regular diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S. Baghel
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Panaji 403004, Goa, India;
| | - Babita Choudhary
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonika Pandey
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Manish Kumar Patel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li C, Tian Y, Pei J, Zhang Y, Hao D, Han T, Wang X, Song S, Huang L, Wang Z. Sea cucumber chondroitin sulfate polysaccharides attenuate OVA-induced food allergy in BALB/c mice associated with gut microbiota metabolism and Treg cell differentiation. Food Funct 2023; 14:7375-7386. [PMID: 37477050 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00146f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous research studies have shown that sulfated polysaccharides can inhibit food allergy, but the detailed mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, RBL-2H3 cells were used to compare the anti-allergic activities of four sulfated polysaccharides, and an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized allergic mouse experiment was used to explore their desensitization effect, with regard to the alteration in gut microbiota and immune cell differentiation. Compared with the shark, bovine and porcine chondroitin sulfate, sea cucumber chondroitin sulfate (SCCS) significantly inhibited the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. SCCS reduced allergic symptoms and protected the jejunum from injury in mice. Furthermore, SCCS increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136, decreased the relative proportion of Prevotellaceae NK3B31, and up-regulated the secretion of short chain fatty acids such as butyric acid in the feces, resulting in an increase in the mucin 2 (MUC2) secretion by goblet cells HT-29. Meanwhile, SCCS induced the differentiation of regulatory T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice. This study provides a deeper understanding of the functioning mechanism of SCCS in alleviating food allergy and may guide the development and production of anti-allergy active ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yang Tian
- Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Jiahuan Pei
- Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Daokuan Hao
- Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Tianjiao Han
- Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Shuang Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nunes DADF, Lopes GFM, Nizer WSDC, Aguilar MGD, Santos FRDS, Sousa GFD, Ferraz AC, Duarte LP, Brandão GC, Vieira-Filho SA, Magalhães CLDB, Ferreira JMS, de Magalhães JC. Virucidal antiviral activity of Maytenus quadrangulata extract against Mayaro virus: Evidence for the presence of catechins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 311:116436. [PMID: 37003399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus endemic to the Amazon region, which comprises the states of the North and Midwest region of Brazil and encompasses the largest tropical forest in the world, the Amazon Forest. The confirmation of its potential transmission by Aedes aegypti and recent cases in Brazil, mainly in large centers in the northern region, led to the classification of Mayaro fever as an emerging disease. Traditional medicine is commonly used to treat various diseases, mainly by local riverside populations. Some species of the genus Maytenus, which have similar morphologies, are popularly used to treat infections and inflammations. In this context, our research group has studied and confirmed the antiviral activity of several plant-derived compounds. However, several species of this same genus have not been studied and therefore deserve attention. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of ethyl acetate extracts of leaves (LAE) and branches (TAE) of Maytenus quadrangulata against MAYV. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mammalian cells (Vero cells) were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the extracts. After cell infection by MAYV and the treatment with the extracts, we evaluated the selectivity index (SI), the virucidal effect, viral adsorption and internalization, and the effect on viral gene expression. The antiviral action was confirmed by quantifying the viral genome using RT-qPCR and by analyzing the effect on virus yield in infected cells. The treatment was performed based on the effective concentration protective for 50% of the infected cells (EC50). RESULTS The leaves (LAE; EC50 12.0 μg/mL) and branches (TAE; EC50 101.0 μg/mL) extracts showed significative selectivity against the virus, with SI values of 79.21 and 9.91, respectively, which were considered safe. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the antiviral action was associated with the presence of catechins, mainly in LAE. This extract was chosen for the subsequent studies since it reduced the viral cytopathic effect and virus production, even at high viral loads [MOI (multiplicity of infection) 1 and 5]. The effects of LAE resulted in a marked reduction in viral gene expression. The viral title was drastically reduced when LAE was added to the virus before infection or during replication stages, reducing virus production up to 5-log units compared to infected and untreated cells. CONCLUSION Through kinetic replication, MAYV was not detected in Vero cells treated with LAE throughout the viral cycle. The virucidal effect of LAE inactivates the viral particle and can intercept the virus at the end of the cycle when it gains the extracellular environment. Therefore, LAE is a promising source of antiviral agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariana G de Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ariane Coelho Ferraz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucienir Pains Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - José Carlos de Magalhães
- Laboratory of Virology and Cellular Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioprocess Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee MF, Wu YS, Poh CL. Molecular Mechanisms of Antiviral Agents against Dengue Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030705. [PMID: 36992414 PMCID: PMC10056858 DOI: 10.3390/v15030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a major global health threat causing 390 million dengue infections and 25,000 deaths annually. The lack of efficacy of the licensed Dengvaxia vaccine and the absence of a clinically approved antiviral against dengue virus (DENV) drive the urgent demand for the development of novel anti-DENV therapeutics. Various antiviral agents have been developed and investigated for their anti-DENV activities. This review discusses the mechanisms of action employed by various antiviral agents against DENV. The development of host-directed antivirals targeting host receptors and direct-acting antivirals targeting DENV structural and non-structural proteins are reviewed. In addition, the development of antivirals that target different stages during post-infection such as viral replication, viral maturation, and viral assembly are reviewed. Antiviral agents designed based on these molecular mechanisms of action could lead to the discovery and development of novel anti-DENV therapeutics for the treatment of dengue infections. Evaluations of combinations of antiviral drugs with different mechanisms of action could also lead to the development of synergistic drug combinations for the treatment of dengue at any stage of the infection.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumari A, Garima, Bharadvaja N. A comprehensive review on algal nutraceuticals as prospective therapeutic agent for different diseases. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:44. [PMID: 36643398 PMCID: PMC9834485 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing research in the food supplement sector provides insightful information regarding algae as a new-generation nutritional supplement and is also referred to as a superfood. Due to the diverse nutritional components, algae have documented numerous health benefits like fighting microbial diseases, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Therefore, algae-derived nutraceuticals account for a rapidly expanding market in the food supplements sector. The concept of algal prebiotics and their role in modulating gut microbiota have also been a chief contributor to this. This review evaluates the use of possible algal species and their specific bioactive compounds for the management of several chronic diseases. Proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, phenolics, and vitamins give an insight into the significance of algae in boosting the immune system and improving the body's nutritional makeup. In addition, phyco-compounds such as polysaccharides and polyphenols are also receiving a lot more interest in cosmeceutical applications for protecting skin from photodamage. The incorporation of algae in the diet for the management and prevention of chronic diseases like cancer, lung, and heart disease has been discussed in this review along with their action mechanism. This review provides a brief overview of several bioactive compounds present in micro and macroalgae and their therapeutic effect on lifestyle diseases, gastrointestinal diseases as well as neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Kumari
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Garima
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma D, Sharma S, Akojwar N, Dondulkar A, Yenorkar N, Pandita D, Prasad SK, Dhobi M. An Insight into Current Treatment Strategies, Their Limitations, and Ongoing Developments in Vaccine Technologies against Herpes Simplex Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020206. [PMID: 36851084 PMCID: PMC9966607 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, the most prevalent viral infection that typically lasts for a lifetime, is associated with frequent outbreaks of oral and genital lesions. Oral herpes infection is mainly associated with HSV-1 through oral contact, while genital herpes originates due to HSV-2 and is categorized under sexually transmitted diseases. Immunocompromised patients and children are more prone to HSV infection. Over the years, various attempts have been made to find potential targets for the prevention of HSV infection. Despite the global distress caused by HSV infections, there are no licensed prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines available on the market against HSV. Nevertheless, there are numerous promising candidates in the pre-clinical and clinical stages of study. The present review gives an overview of two herpes viruses, their history, and life cycle, and different treatments adopted presently against HSV infections and their associated limitations. Majorly, the review covers the recent investigations being carried out globally regarding various vaccine strategies against oral and genital herpes virus infections, together with the recent and advanced nanotechnological approaches for vaccine development. Consequently, it gives an insight to researchers as well as people from the health sector about the challenges and upcoming solutions associated with treatment and vaccine development against HSV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Natasha Akojwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Ayusha Dondulkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Nikhil Yenorkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi 110017, India
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (S.K.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Satyendra K. Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (S.K.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi 110017, India
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (S.K.P.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lopes GFM, Lima WG, Santos FRS, Nunes DAF, Passos MJF, Fernandes SOA, de Magalhães JC, Dos Santos LL, Ferreira JMS. Anti-Mayaro virus activity of a hydroethanolic extract from Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L. G. Lohmann leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 299:115685. [PMID: 36067840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mayaro fever is a neglected tropical disease. The region of the most significant circulation of the Mayaro virus (MAYV) is the Amazon rainforest, situated in remote areas that are difficult to access and where medicine is scarce. Thus, the regional population uses plants as an alternative for the treatment of various diseases. Fridericia chica is an endemic plant of tropical regions used in traditional medicine to treat fever, malaise, inflammation, and infectious diseases such as hepatitis B. However, its antiviral activity is poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-MAYV activity of the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of Fridericia chica (HEFc) in mammalian cells and its possible mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiviral activity of HEFc was studied using Vero cell lines against MAYV. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of the extract were evaluated by the 3-(4, 5- dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The overall antiviral activity was confirmed by the plaque forming units (PFU) method. Then, the effects of HEFc on MAYV multiplication kinetics, virus adsorption, penetration, and post-penetration, and its virucidal activity were determined in Vero cells using standard experimental procedures. RESULTS HEFc exerted a effect against viral infection in Vero cells at a non-cytotoxic concentration, and no virion was detected in the supernatant in a dose-dependent and selective manner. HEFc inhibited MAYV in the early and late stages of the viral multiplication cycle. The extract showed significant virucidal activity at low concentrations and did not affect adsorption or viral internalization stages. In addition, HEFc reduced virions at all post-infection times investigated. CONCLUSIONS HEFc has good antiviral activity against MAYV, acting directly on the viral particles. This plant extract possesses an excellent and promising potential for developing effective herbal antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F M Lopes
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Willam G Lima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe R S Santos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Damiana A F Nunes
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria J F Passos
- Multi-User Analytical Center, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone O A Fernandes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José C de Magalhães
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Technology, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana L Dos Santos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline M S Ferreira
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li F, Liu K. Research progress in the preparation, structural characterization, bioactivities, and potential applications of sulfated agarans from the genus Gracilaria. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14401. [PMID: 36136060 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Gracilaria produces 80% of the world's industrial agar. Agar of this genus is a promising biologically active polymer, which has been used in the human diet and folk medicine, alternative for weight loss, treatment of diarrhea, etc. With more attention paid to the genus Gracilaria-sulfated agarans (GSAs), they exhibited multitudinous health benefits in antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, prebiotics, anti-tumor, anticoagulant, and antidiabetic. Various preparation procedures of GSAs making the diversities of structure and biological activity. Therefore, this review summarized the isolation, identification, bioactivity potentials, and applications of GSAs, providing a reference to the development of GSAs in functional food and pharmaceutical industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The genus Gracilaria is known as a raw material for agar extraction. GSAs are food-grade agaran with the properties of thermoreversible gels at low concentrations, which are commonly used as an additive for making candies as well as raw material for making soup and snacks. They are used in folk medicine to treat diarrhea and other diseases. As an important bioactive macromolecule, GSAs have various biological activities (such as antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, probiotic, anti-tumor, anticoagulant, and antidiabetic activities), and have the potential to be developed as functional food and medicine. They could also be used to create innovative agar-based products such as antibacterial films and drug carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kehai Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mettwally WS, Gamal AA, Shams El-Din NG, Hamdy AA. Biological activities and structural characterization of sulfated polysaccharide extracted from a newly Mediterranean Sea record Grateloupia gibbesii Harvey. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
12
|
Wouk J, Celestino GG, Rodrigues BCD, Malfatti CRM, Cunha MAA, Orsato A, Barbosa-Dekker AM, Dekker RFH, Lonni AASG, Reis Tavares E, Faccin-Galhardi LC. Sulfonated (1 → 6)-β-d-Glucan (Lasiodiplodan): A Promising Candidate against the Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Strain. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4041-4052. [PMID: 36173245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a persistent human pathogen, and the emergence of strains resistant to Acyclovir (ACV, reference drug) shows the urgency to develop new treatments. We report the antiherpetic mechanism of the action of lasiodiplodan (LAS-N, (1 → 6)-β-d-glucan) and its sulfonated derivative (LAS-S3) in vitro and in vivo. LAS-S3 showed anti-HSV-1 action with high selectivity indices for HSV-1 KOS (88.1) and AR (189.2), sensitive and resistant to ACV, respectively. LAS-S3 inhibited >80% of HSV-1 infection in different treatment protocols (virucidal, adsorption inhibition, and post-adsorption effects), even at low doses, and showed a preventive effect and DNA and protein synthesis inhibition. The antiherpetic effect was confirmed in vivo by the cosmetic LAS-S3-CRÈME decreasing cutaneous lesions of HSV-1, including the AR strain. LAS-S3 possessed a broad-spectrum mechanism of action acting in the early and post-adsorption stages of HSV-1 infection, and LAS-S3-CRÈME is a potential antiherpetic candidate for patients infected by HSV-1-resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos R M Malfatti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Campus CEDETEG, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Mário A A Cunha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco 85503-390, Brazil
| | | | - Aneli M Barbosa-Dekker
- β-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos EIRELI, Lote 24A, Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 731 Avenida João Miguel Caram, Londrina 86036-700, Brazil
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- β-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos EIRELI, Lote 24A, Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 731 Avenida João Miguel Caram, Londrina 86036-700, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pouyan P, Cherri M, Haag R. Polyglycerols as Multi-Functional Platforms: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132684. [PMID: 35808728 PMCID: PMC9269438 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable and unique characteristics of polyglycerols (PG) have made them an attractive candidate for many applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. The presence of multiple hydroxy groups on the flexible polyether backbone not only enables the further modification of the PG structure but also makes the polymer highly water-soluble and results in excellent biocompatibility. In this review, the polymerization routes leading to PG with different architectures are discussed. Moreover, we discuss the role of these polymers in different biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, protein conjugation, and surface modification.
Collapse
|
14
|
Panggabean JA, Adiguna SP, Rahmawati SI, Ahmadi P, Zainuddin EN, Bayu A, Putra MY. Antiviral Activities of Algal-Based Sulfated Polysaccharides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041178. [PMID: 35208968 PMCID: PMC8874489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An antiviral agent is urgently needed based on the high probability of the emergence and re-emergence of future viral disease, highlighted by the recent global COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence may be seen in the discovery of the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and recently discovered Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. The need for strategies besides testing and isolation, social distancing, and vaccine development is clear. One of the strategies includes searching for an antiviral agent that provides effective results without toxicity, which is well-presented by significant results for carrageenan nasal spray in providing efficacy against human coronavirus-infected patients. As the primary producer of sulfated polysaccharides, marine plants, including macro- and microalgae, offer versatility in culture, production, and post-isolation development in obtaining the needed antiviral agent. Therefore, this review will describe an attempt to highlight the search for practical and safe antiviral agents from algal-based sulfated polysaccharides and to unveil their features for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ardhianto Panggabean
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (J.A.P.); (S.P.A.)
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | - Sya’ban Putra Adiguna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (J.A.P.); (S.P.A.)
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | - Siti Irma Rahmawati
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | - Peni Ahmadi
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (E.N.Z.); (A.B.); (M.Y.P.)
| | - Elmi Nurhaidah Zainuddin
- Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Center of Excellent for Development and Utilization of Seaweed, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (E.N.Z.); (A.B.); (M.Y.P.)
| | - Asep Bayu
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (E.N.Z.); (A.B.); (M.Y.P.)
| | - Masteria Yunovilsa Putra
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (E.N.Z.); (A.B.); (M.Y.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kang J, Jia X, Wang N, Xiao M, Song S, Wu S, Li Z, Wang S, Cui SW, Guo Q. Insights into the structure-bioactivity relationships of marine sulfated polysaccharides: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
16
|
Xu L, He D, Zhang C, Bai Y, Zhang C. The regulate function of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides that with sulfate group on immune-related disease. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
17
|
Ray B, Ali I, Jana S, Mukherjee S, Pal S, Ray S, Schütz M, Marschall M. Antiviral Strategies Using Natural Source-Derived Sulfated Polysaccharides in the Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Major Human Pathogenic Viruses. Viruses 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 35062238 PMCID: PMC8781365 DOI: 10.3390/v14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a mere fraction of the huge variety of human pathogenic viruses can be targeted by the currently available spectrum of antiviral drugs. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has highlighted the urgent need for molecules that can be deployed quickly to treat novel, developing or re-emerging viral infections. Sulfated polysaccharides are found on the surfaces of both the susceptible host cells and the majority of human viruses, and thus can play an important role during viral infection. Such polysaccharides widely occurring in natural sources, specifically those converted into sulfated varieties, have already proved to possess a high level and sometimes also broad-spectrum antiviral activity. This antiviral potency can be determined through multifold molecular pathways, which in many cases have low profiles of cytotoxicity. Consequently, several new polysaccharide-derived drugs are currently being investigated in clinical settings. We reviewed the present status of research on sulfated polysaccharide-based antiviral agents, their structural characteristics, structure-activity relationships, and the potential of clinical application. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of sulfated polysaccharides involved in viral infection or in antiviral activity, respectively, are discussed, together with a focus on the emerging methodology contributing to polysaccharide-based drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Saikat Pal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lu W, Yang Z, Chen J, Wang D, Zhang Y. Recent advances in antiviral activities and potential mechanisms of sulfated polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118526. [PMID: 34420760 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides derived from plants, fungi and animals are well known as ideal functional products with multiple biological activities and few side effects. Among them, natural occurring sulfated polysaccharides and those from synthetic origin are increasingly causing more attention worldwide, as they have been proved to possess broad-spectrum antiviral activities. The focus of this review is on analyzing the current state of knowledge about the origin of sulfated polysaccharides, more importantly, the potential connection between the structure and their antiviral mechanisms. Sulfated polysaccharide may interfere with a few steps in the virus life cycle (i.e. adsorption, invasion, transcription and replication) and/or improve the host antiviral immune response. Moreover, their antiviral activity was affected by degree of substitution, substitution position, molecular weight, and spatial conformation. This review may provide approach for the development of novel and potent therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China.
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Di Wang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cao MX, Xie XD, Wang XR, Hu WY, Zhao Y, Chen Q, Ji L, Wei YY, Yu ML, Hu TJ. Separation, Purification, Structure Analysis, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network on PRV-Infected RAW264.7 Cells of a Polysaccharide Derived from Arthrospira platensis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1689. [PMID: 34829559 PMCID: PMC8615255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the structure of Arthrospira platensis polysaccharide (PAP) (intracellular polysaccharide) and the antioxidant activity of the first component of PAP (PAP-1) on pseudorabies virus (PRV) -infected RAW264.7 cells. The PAP was separated and purified by the Cellulose DE-52 chromatography column and Sephacryl S-200 high-resolution gel column to obtain PAP-1. The antioxidant activity and regulation of PAP-1 on PRV-infected RAW264.7 cells of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network were investigated by chemical kit, Q-PCR, and ce-RNA seq. The results indicated that the molecular weight (Mw) of PAP-1, which was mainly composed of glucose and eight other monosaccharides, was 1.48 × 106 Da. The main glycosidic bond structure of PAP-1 was →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→. PAP-1 may be increased the antioxidant capacity by regulating the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in PRV-infected RAW264.7 cells. This study provided a scientific foundation for further exploring the antioxidant activity of PAP-1 based on its structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Xia Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Dong Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Xin-Rui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Wen-Yue Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Lu Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Ying-Yi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Mei-Ling Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Ting-Jun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Salles TS, Meneses MDF, Caldas LA, Sá-Guimarães TE, de Oliveira DM, Ventura JA, Azevedo RC, Kuster RM, Soares MR, Ferreira DF. Virucidal and antiviral activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract against the mosquito-borne Mayaro virus. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:443. [PMID: 34479605 PMCID: PMC8414858 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arthropod-borne Mayaro virus (MAYV) causes "Mayaro fever," a disease of medical significance, primarily affecting individuals in permanent contact with forested areas in tropical South America. Recently, MAYV has attracted attention due to its likely urbanization. There are currently no licensed drugs against most mosquito-transmitted viruses. Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruits cultivated in Brazil have been subjected to phytochemical investigation for the identification and isolation of antiviral compounds. In the present study, we explored the antiviral activity of pomegranate extracts in Vero cells infected with Mayaro virus. METHODS The ethanol extract and punicalagin of pomegranate were extracted solely from the shell and purified by chromatographic fractionation, and were chemically identified using spectroscopic techniques. The cytotoxicity of the purified compounds was measured by the dye uptake assay, while their antiviral activity was evaluated by a virus yield inhibition assay. RESULTS Pomegranate ethanol extract (CC50 = 588.9, IC50 = 12.3) and a fraction containing punicalagin as major compound (CC50 = 441.5, IC50 = 28.2) were shown to have antiviral activity (SI 49 and 16, respectively) against Mayaro virus, an alphavirus. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the virucidal effect of pomegranate extract, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed damage in viral particles treated with this extract. CONCLUSIONS The P. granatum extract is a promising source of antiviral compounds against the alphavirus MAYV and represents an excellent candidate for future studies with other enveloped RNA viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Souza Salles
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Lucio Ayres Caldas
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, INBEB, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure Hertha Meyer, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle M de Oliveira
- Natural Products Research Institute, IPPN, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José A Ventura
- Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension, Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Renata Campos Azevedo
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Kuster
- Natural Products Research Institute, IPPN, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Chemistry Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Soares
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Davis Fernandes Ferreira
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, INBEB, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Salih AEM, Thissera B, Yaseen M, Hassane ASI, El-Seedi HR, Sayed AM, Rateb ME. Marine Sulfated Polysaccharides as Promising Antiviral Agents: A Comprehensive Report and Modeling Study Focusing on SARS CoV-2. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:406. [PMID: 34436245 PMCID: PMC8401819 DOI: 10.3390/md19080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) is a novel coronavirus strain that emerged at the end of 2019, causing millions of deaths so far. Despite enormous efforts being made through various drug discovery campaigns, there is still a desperate need for treatments with high efficacy and selectivity. Recently, marine sulfated polysaccharides (MSPs) have earned significant attention and are widely examined against many viral infections. This article attempted to produce a comprehensive report about MSPs from different marine sources alongside their antiviral effects against various viral species covering the last 25 years of research articles. Additionally, these reported MSPs were subjected to molecular docking and dynamic simulation experiments to ascertain potential interactions with both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS CoV-2's spike protein (S-protein) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). The possible binding sites on both S-protein's RBD and ACE2 were determined based on how they bind to heparin, which has been reported to exhibit significant antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 through binding to RBD, preventing the virus from affecting ACE2. Moreover, our modeling results illustrate that heparin can also bind to and block ACE2, acting as a competitor and protective agent against SARS CoV-2 infection. Nine of the investigated MSPs candidates exhibited promising results, taking into consideration the newly emerged SARS CoV-2 variants, of which five were not previously reported to exert antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2, including sulfated galactofucan (1), sulfated polymannuroguluronate (SPMG) (2), sulfated mannan (3), sulfated heterorhamnan (8), and chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E) (9). These results shed light on the importance of sulfated polysaccharides as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla E. M. Salih
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| | - Bathini Thissera
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| | - Mohammed Yaseen
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| | - Ahmed S. I. Hassane
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Box 591, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Andrew M, Jayaraman G. Marine sulfated polysaccharides as potential antiviral drug candidates to treat Corona Virus disease (COVID-19). Carbohydr Res 2021; 505:108326. [PMID: 34015720 PMCID: PMC8091805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has increased the mortality rate and engaged several adverse effects on the affected individuals. Currently available antiviral drugs have found to be unsuccessful in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The demand for efficient antiviral drugs has created a huge burden on physicians and health workers. Plasma therapy seems to be less accomplishable due to insufficient donors to donate plasma and low recovery rate from viral infection. Repurposing of antivirals has been evolved as a suitable strategy in the current treatment and preventive measures. The concept of drug repurposing represents new experimental approaches for effective therapeutic benefits. Besides, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits several complications such as lung damage, blood clot formation, respiratory illness and organ failures in most of the patients. Based on the accumulation of data, sulfated marine polysaccharides have exerted successful inhibition of virus entry, attachment and replication with known or unknown possible mechanisms against deadly animal and human viruses so far. Since the virus entry into the host cells is the key process, the prevention of such entry mechanism makes any antiviral strategy effective. Enveloped viruses are more sensitive to polyanions than non-enveloped viruses. Besides, the viral infection caused by RNA virus types embarks severe oxidative stress in the human body that leads to malfunction of tissues and organs. In this context, polysaccharides play a very significant role in providing shielding effect against the virus due to their polyanionic rich features and a molecular weight that hinders their reactive surface glycoproteins. Significantly the functional groups especially sulfate, sulfate pattern and addition, uronic acids, monosaccharides, glycosidic linkage and high molecular weight have greater influence in the antiviral activity. Moreover, they are very good antioxidants that can reduce the free radical generation and provokes intracellular antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, polysaccharides enable a host-virus immune response, activate phagocytosis and stimulate interferon systems. Therefore, polysaccharides can be used as candidate drugs, adjuvants in vaccines or combination with other antivirals, antioxidants and immune-activating nutritional supplements and antiviral materials in healthcare products to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monic Andrew
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cordero-Rivera CD, De Jesús-González LA, Osuna-Ramos JF, Palacios-Rápalo SN, Farfan-Morales CN, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Del Ángel RM. The importance of viral and cellular factors on flavivirus entry. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 49:164-175. [PMID: 34171540 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The flavivirus are emerging and re-emerging arthropod-borne pathogens responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The genus comprises more than 70 viruses, and despite genomic and structural similarities, infections by different flaviviruses result in different clinical presentations. In the absence of a safe and effective vaccine against these infections, the search for new strategies to inhibit viral infection is necessary. The life cycle of arboviruses begins with the entry process composed of multiple steps: attachment, internalization, endosomal escape and capsid uncoating. This mini-review describes factors and mechanisms involved in the viral entry as events required to take over the cellular machinery and host factors and cellular pathways commonly used by flaviviruses as possible approaches for developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - Selvin Noé Palacios-Rápalo
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
S AH, Pujar GV, Sethu AK, Bhagyalalitha M, Singh M. Dengue structural proteins as antiviral drug targets: Current status in the drug discovery & development. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113527. [PMID: 34020338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus belongs to the class of RNA viruses and subclass of enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. It causes dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), where DHF and DSS are life-threatening. Even though dengue is an age-old disease, it is still a mystery and continues to be a global threat. Numerous attempts have been carried out in the past few decades to eradicate the virus through vaccine and antiviral drugs, but still battle continues. In this review, the possible drug targets for discovery and development of potential antiviral drugs against structural proteins of dengue virus, the current development status of the antiviral drugs against dengue around the world, and challenges that need to be addressed to overcome the shortcomings in the process of drug discovery have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha H S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Gurubasavaraj V Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India.
| | - Arun Kumar Sethu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Meduri Bhagyalalitha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Important Roles of Oligo- and Polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2: Recent Advances. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-initiated outbreak of COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world, posing a huge threat to public health. Natural oligo- and polysaccharides with low toxicity, good sustainability, high biocompatibility, respectable safety, immune regulation, and antiviral activity can be employed as promising candidates for the prevention and inhibition of viral infections, especially COVID-19. Glycosaminoglycans, marine polysaccharides, terrestrial plant polysaccharides, and some others have exhibited potential antiviral activity against pathogenic viruses, in the format of polysaccharide-centered vaccine adjuvants, nano-based structures, drug conveyance platforms, etc. In this review, significant recent advancements pertaining to the antiviral applications of oligo- and polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2 are highlighted, including important challenges and future perspectives.
Collapse
|
26
|
A review on antiviral and immunomodulatory polysaccharides from Indian medicinal plants, which may be beneficial to COVID-19 infected patients. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:462-470. [PMID: 33794238 PMCID: PMC8006514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has pushed forward the world to experience the first pandemic of this century. Any specific drug against this RNA virus is yet to be discovered and presently, the COVID-19 infected patients are being treated symptomatically. During the last few decades, a number of polysaccharides with potential biological activities have been invented from Indian medicinal plants. Many polysaccharides, such as sulfated xylomannan, xylan, pectins, fucoidans, glucans, glucoarabinan, and arabinoxylan from Indian medicinal plants, have been shown to exhibit antiviral and immunomodulating activities. Plant polysaccharides exhibit antiviral activities through interference with the viral life cycle and inhibition of attachment of virus to host cell. Intake of certain immune stimulating plant polysaccharides may also protect from the virus to a certain extent. In process of continuous search for most potent drug, Indian plant polysaccharides may emerge as significant biomaterial to combat COVID-19. This review explores a number of polysaccharides from Indian medicinal plants which showed antiviral and immunomodulating activities. It is aimed to provide an overview about the composition, molecular mass, branching configuration and related bioactivities of polysaccharides which is crucial for their classification as possible drug to induce immune response in viral diseases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Antioxidative study of polysaccharides extracted from red (Kappaphycus alvarezii), green (Kappaphycus striatus) and brown (Padina gymnospora) marine macroalgae/seaweed. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractSterile and fresh tissues of three marine macroalgae red, green and brown (Kappaphycus alvarezii, Kappaphycus striatus and Padina gymnospora) collected from Malaysia east costal seas were compared for the antioxidants and polysaccharide composition of sugars as well as the active components. Results obtained showed that polysaccharides isolated from Kappaphycus alvarezii, Kappaphycus striatus and Padina gymnospora) can be used as a source of natural antioxidant compounds as they possess antioxidant potential in which the Padina gymnospora showed 15.56 ± 0.12 mg/mL to be the best antioxidants among all the polysaccharides studied. The hot water extraction method is effective in isolating polysaccharides from studied seaweeds. The GC–MS analysis revealed that there is presence of chemical compounds such as furfural was 25.53% in Kappaphycus alvarezii and 21.04% in Kappaphycus striatus also Padina gymnospora incorporates n- Hexadecanoic acid about 26.31% in seaweed polysaccharides that contribute to their antioxidant activities. Further studies can be done on determining the seaweed species that are available abundantly with the best source of natural antioxidant compounds.
Collapse
|
28
|
Antiviral Potential of Algal Metabolites-A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020094. [PMID: 33562153 PMCID: PMC7914423 DOI: 10.3390/md19020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, algae have stimulated significant economic interest particularly as a source of fertilizers, feeds, foods and pharmaceutical precursors. However, there is increasing interest in exploiting algal diversity for their antiviral potential. Here, we present an overview of 50-years of scientific and technological developments in the field of algae antivirals. After bibliometric analysis of 999 scientific references, a survey of 16 clinical trials and analysis of 84 patents, it was possible to identify the dominant algae, molecules and viruses that have been shaping and driving this promising field of research. A description of the most promising discoveries is presented according to molecule class. We observed a diverse range of algae and respective molecules displaying significant antiviral effects against an equally diverse range of viruses. Some natural algae molecules, like carrageenan, cyanovirin or griffithsin, are now considered prime reference molecules for their outstanding antiviral capacity. Crucially, while many algae antiviral applications have already reached successful commercialization, the large spectrum of algae antiviral capacities already identified suggests a strong potential for future expansion of this field.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ray B, Schütz M, Mukherjee S, Jana S, Ray S, Marschall M. Exploiting the Amazing Diversity of Natural Source-Derived Polysaccharides: Modern Procedures of Isolation, Engineering, and Optimization of Antiviral Activities. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E136. [PMID: 33396933 PMCID: PMC7794815 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring polysaccharide sulfates are highly diverse, owning variations in the backbone structure, linkage pattern and stereochemistry, branching diversity, sulfate content and positions of sulfate group(s). These structural characteristics bring about diverse sulfated polymers with dissimilar negative charge densities and structure-activity relationships. Herein, we start with a short discussion of techniques needed for extraction, purification, chemical sulfation, and structural characterization of polysaccharides. Processes of isolation and sulfation of plant-derived polysaccharides are challenging and usually involve two steps. In this context, we describe an integrated extraction-sulfation procedure that produces polysaccharide sulfates from natural products in one step, thereby generating additional pharmacological activities. Finally, we provide examples of the spectrum of natural source-derived polysaccharides possessing specific features of bioactivity, in particular focusing on current aspects of antiviral drug development and drug-target interaction. Thus, the review presents a detailed view on chemically engineered polysaccharides, especially sulfated derivatives, and underlines their promising biomedical perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen X, Han W, Wang G, Zhao X. Application prospect of polysaccharides in the development of anti-novel coronavirus drugs and vaccines. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:331-343. [PMID: 32679328 PMCID: PMC7358770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it has spread rapidly worldwide and poses a great threat to public health. This is the third serious coronavirus outbreak in <20 years, following SARS in 2002-2003 and MERS in 2012. So far, there are almost no specific clinically effective drugs and vaccines available for COVID-19. Polysaccharides with good safety, immune regulation and antiviral activity have broad application prospects in anti-virus, especially in anti-coronavirus applications. Here, we reviewed the antiviral mechanisms of some polysaccharides, such as glycosaminoglycans, marine polysaccharides, traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides, and their application progress in anti-coronavirus. In particular, the application prospects of polysaccharide-based vaccine adjuvants, nanomaterials and drug delivery systems in the fight against novel coronavirus were also analyzed and summarized. Additionally, we speculate the possible mechanisms of polysaccharides anti-SARS-CoV-2, and propose the strategy of loading S or N protein from coronavirus onto polysaccharide capped gold nanoparticles vaccine for COVID-19 treatment. This review may provide a new approach for the development of COVID-19 therapeutic agents and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Antibody-independent and dependent infection of human myeloid cells with dengue virus is inhibited by carrageenan. Virus Res 2020; 290:198150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
32
|
Antiviral effect of silymarin against Zika virus in vitro. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105613. [PMID: 32621935 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic and its association with severe neurological syndromes have raised worldwide concern. Despite the great clinical relevance of this infection, no vaccine or specific treatment is available and the search for antiviral compounds against ZIKV is extremely necessary. Several natural compounds, such as silymarin, exhibit antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and antiviral properties; however, the antiviral potential of this compound remains partially investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antiviral activity of silymarin against ZIKV infection. Global antiviral activity, dose-dependent, plaque reduction, and time-of-drug-addition assays were used to determine the anti-ZIKV activity of silymarin. Additionally, to start characterizing the mechanisms of action we determined whether silymarin could have a virucidal effect and inhibit viral adsorption and penetration stages. Regarding its global antiviral activity, silymarin showed significant inhibition of ZIKV infection, protecting cells infected with EC50 equal to 34.17μg/mL, with a selectivity index greater than 17 and 4x greater than that of the positive control (ribavirin). Its greatest efficiency was achieved at 125μg/mL, whose cell viability did not differ from the control without infection and treatment. Furthermore, treatment with silymarin reduced viral load by up to two logs (> 90%) concerning viral control, when evaluating virucidal activity and the precocious times of infection. Thus, our results set to show the promising anti-ZIKV activity of silymarin, which does not seem to have a single inhibition mechanism, acting at different times of infection, and still has the advantage of silymarin be a phytotherapy already available on the market.
Collapse
|
33
|
Biris-Dorhoi ES, Michiu D, Pop CR, Rotar AM, Tofana M, Pop OL, Socaci SA, Farcas AC. Macroalgae-A Sustainable Source of Chemical Compounds with Biological Activities. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3085. [PMID: 33050561 PMCID: PMC7601163 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the most important research directions that concerns the scientific world is to exploit the earth's resources in a sustainable way. Considering the increasing interest in finding new sources of bioactive molecules and functional products, many research studies focused their interest on demonstrating the sustainability of exploiting marine macroalgal biomass as feedstock for wastewater treatment and natural fertilizer, conversion into green biofuels, active ingredients in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, or even for the production of functional ingredients and integration in the human food chain. The objective of the present paper was to provide an overview on the recent progress in the exploitation of different macroalgae species as a source of bioactive compounds, mainly emphasizing the latter published data regarding their potential bioactivities, health benefits, and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Suzana Biris-Dorhoi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Delia Michiu
- Department of Food Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen R. Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Ancuta M. Rotar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Maria Tofana
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Oana L. Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Sonia A. Socaci
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Anca C. Farcas
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liang L, Ahamed A, Ge L, Fu X, Lisak G. Advances in Antiviral Material Development. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2105-2128. [PMID: 32881384 PMCID: PMC7461489 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rise in human pandemics demands prudent approaches in antiviral material development for disease prevention and treatment via effective protective equipment and therapeutic strategy. However, the current state of the antiviral materials research is predominantly aligned towards drug development and its related areas, catering to the field of pharmaceutical technology. This review distinguishes the research advances in terms of innovative materials exhibiting antiviral activities that take advantage of fast-developing nanotechnology and biopolymer technology. Essential concepts of antiviral principles and underlying mechanisms are illustrated, followed with detailed descriptions of novel antiviral materials including inorganic nanomaterials, organic nanomaterials and biopolymers. The biomedical applications of the antiviral materials are also elaborated based on the specific categorization. Challenges and future prospects are discussed to facilitate the research and development of protective solutions and curative treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liang
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate ProgramNanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Ashiq Ahamed
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and EngineeringJohan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre Åbo Akademi UniversityFI-20500Turku/ÅboFinland
| | - Liya Ge
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Deep Eutectic Solvents Based Ultrasonic Extraction of Polysaccharides from Edible Brown Seaweed Sargassum horneri. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8060440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a method for ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri using deep eutectic solvents was proposed. The studied deep eutectic solvents were composed of choline chloride, 1,2-propanediol and water. Based on the single-factor experiment results, four experimental factors were systematically evaluated, giving the optimal extraction conditions as follows: molar ratio of choline chloride to 1,2-propanediol of 1:2, water content of 30% (v/v), solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g/mL), and the extraction temperature of 70 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were utilized to investigate changes in the chemical characteristic of extracted polysaccharides. The results indicated that deep eutectic solvents had stronger protein and calcium carbonate removal ability than that of a conventional hot water extraction method. Moreover, in vitro antioxidant activity tests exhibited that the obtained polysaccharides had significant inhibition effects on DPPH and ABTS radicals. The proposed deep eutectic solvents assisted ultrasonic extraction protocol was considered to be a green, fast and effective protocol for extracting polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri.
Collapse
|
36
|
Li Y, Qin G, Cheng C, Yuan B, Huang D, Cheng S, Cao C, Chen G. Purification, characterization and anti-tumor activities of polysaccharides from Ecklonia kurome obtained by three different extraction methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1000-1010. [PMID: 31751739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate and compare the effects of different extraction methods on the structure and anti-tumor activity of Ecklonia kurome polysaccharides (EP), three techniques, namely hot water extraction (HW), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UA) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EA), were used to extract EP, and three crude EPs were purified by DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration chromatography. The significant antitumor active components in each method were screened by MTT assay and named as HW-EP5, UA-EP4 and EA-EP3, respectively. The molecular weight, FT-IR assay and NMR showed that HW-EP5, UA-EP4 and EA-EP3 were pyran polysaccharides with a molecular weight of 14,466, 15,922 and 16,947 Da, respectively. HW-EP5 contained the most monosaccharides and the highest content of sulfate and uronic acid. HW-EP5 had an even and smooth sheet-like appearance, while UA-EP4 and EA-EP3 exhibited irregular and rough fragments. All three polysaccharides can inhibit the migration of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and promote its apoptosis. All three polysaccharides promoted caspase activity during apoptosis. HW-EP5 and UA-EP4 up-regulated the expression of proapoptotic proteins Bax and p53, while EA-EP3 only up-regulated the expression of p53. These experimental results indicate that Ecklonia kurome polysaccharides, especially HW-EP5, have great potential as a natural medicine for the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gaoyixin Qin
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Biao Yuan
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shujie Cheng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chongjiang Cao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guitang Chen
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Souza CRM, Bezerra WP, Souto JT. Marine Alkaloids with Anti-Inflammatory Activity: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18030147. [PMID: 32121638 PMCID: PMC7142576 DOI: 10.3390/md18030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are nitrogenous compounds with various biological activities. Alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activity are commonly found in terrestrial plants, but there are few records of the identification and characterization of the activity of these compounds in marine organisms such as fungi, bacteria, sponges, ascidians, and cnidarians. Seaweed are a source of several already elucidated bioactive compounds, but few studies have described and characterized the activity of seaweed alkaloids with anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we have gathered the current knowledge about marine alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activity and suggest future perspectives for the study and bioprospecting of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janeusa T. Souto
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-84-99908-7027; Fax: +55-84-3215-3311
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Álvarez DM, Castillo E, Duarte LF, Arriagada J, Corrales N, Farías MA, Henríquez A, Agurto-Muñoz C, González PA. Current Antivirals and Novel Botanical Molecules Interfering With Herpes Simplex Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:139. [PMID: 32117158 PMCID: PMC7026011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are highly prevalent within the human population and are characterized by lifelong infections and sporadic recurrences due to latent neuron infection. Upon reactivations, HSVs may manifest either, symptomatically or asymptomatically and be shed onto others through mucosae body fluids. Although, HSVs can produce severe disease in humans, such as life-threatening encephalitis and blindness, the most common symptoms are skin and mucosal lesions in the oro-facial and the genital areas. Nucleoside analogs with antiviral activity can prevent severe HSV infection, yet they are not very effective for treating skin manifestations produced by these viruses, as they only reduce in a few days at most the duration of lesions. Additionally, HSV variants that are resistant to these antivirals may arise, especially in immunosuppressed individuals. Thus, new antivirals that can reduce the severity and duration of these cutaneous manifestations would certainly be welcome. Here, we review currently available anti-herpetic therapies, novel molecules being assessed in clinical trials and new botanical compounds reported in the last 20 years with antiviral activities against HSVs that might represent future treatments against these viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Álvarez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Estefanía Castillo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa F. Duarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Arriagada
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Corrales
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica A. Farías
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adolfo Henríquez
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Agurto-Muñoz
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ciancia M, Fernández PV, Leliaert F. Diversity of Sulfated Polysaccharides From Cell Walls of Coenocytic Green Algae and Their Structural Relationships in View of Green Algal Evolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:554585. [PMID: 33133113 PMCID: PMC7550628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.554585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds biosynthesize sulfated polysaccharides as key components of their cell walls. These polysaccharides are potentially interesting as biologically active compounds. Green macroalgae of the class Ulvophyceae comprise sulfated polysaccharides with great structural differences regarding the monosaccharide constituents, linearity of their backbones, and presence of other acidic substituents in their structure, including uronic acid residues and pyruvic acid. These structures have been thoroughly studied in the Ulvales and Ulotrichales, but only more recently have they been investigated with some detail in ulvophytes with giant multinucleate (coenocytic) cells, including the siphonous Bryopsidales and Dasycladales, and the siphonocladous Cladophorales. An early classification of these structurally heterogeneous polysaccharides was based on the presence of uronic acid residues in these molecules. In agreement with this classification based on chemical structures, sulfated polysaccharides of the orders Bryopsidales and Cladophorales fall in the same group, in which this acidic component is absent, or only present in very low quantities. The cell walls of Dasycladales have been less studied, and it remains unclear if they comprise sulfated polysaccharides of both types. Although in the Bryopsidales and Cladophorales the most important sulfated polysaccharides are arabinans and galactans (or arabinogalactans), their major structures are very different. The Bryopsidales produce sulfated pyruvylated 3-linked β-d-galactans, in most cases, with ramifications on C6. For some species, linear sulfated pyranosic β-l-arabinans have been described. In the Cladophorales, also sulfated pyranosic β-l-arabinans have been found, but 4-linked and highly substituted with side chains. These differences are consistent with recent molecular phylogenetic analyses, which indicate that the Bryopsidales and Cladophorales are distantly related. In addition, some of the Bryopsidales also biosynthesize other sulfated polysaccharides, i.e., sulfated mannans and sulfated rhamnans. The presence of sulfate groups as a distinctive characteristic of these biopolymers has been related to their adaptation to the marine environment. However, it has been shown that some freshwater algae from the Cladophorales also produce sulfated polysaccharides. In this review, structures of sulfated polysaccharides from bryopsidalean, dasycladalean, and cladophoralean green algae studied until now are described and analyzed based on current phylogenetic understanding, with the aim of unveiling the important knowledge gaps that still exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ciancia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Cátedra de Química de Biomoléculas, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Marina Ciancia, ; Frederik Leliaert,
| | - Paula Virginia Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Cátedra de Química de Biomoléculas, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Frederik Leliaert
- Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
- Ghent University, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Marina Ciancia, ; Frederik Leliaert,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang CC, Hu HS, Lin HM, Wu PS, Wu RH, Tian JN, Wu SH, Tsou LK, Song JS, Chen HW, Chern JH, Chen CT, Yueh A. A novel flavivirus entry inhibitor, BP34610, discovered through high-throughput screening with dengue reporter viruses. Antiviral Res 2019; 172:104636. [PMID: 31654671 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a global health problem that affects approximately 3.9 billion people worldwide. Since safety concerns were raised for the only licensed vaccine, Dengvaxia, and since the present treatment is only supportive care, the development of more effective therapeutic anti-DENV agents is urgently needed. In this report, we identified a potential small-molecule inhibitor, BP34610, via cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS) of 12,000 compounds using DENV-2 reporter viruses. BP34610 reduced the virus yields of type 2 DENV-infected cells with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) and selectivity index value of 0.48 ± 0.06 μM and 197, respectively. Without detectable cytotoxicity, the compound inhibited not only all four serotypes of DENV but also Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Time-of-addition experiments suggested that BP34610 may act at an early stage of DENV virus infection. Sequencing analyses of several individual clones derived from BP34610-resistant viruses revealed a consensus amino acid substitution (S397P) in the N-terminal stem region of the E protein. Introduction of S397P into the DENV reporter viruses conferred an over 14.8-fold EC90 shift for BP34610. Importantly, the combination of BP34610 with a viral replication inhibitor, ribavirin, displayed synergistic enhancement of anti-DENV-2 activity. Our results identify an effective small-molecule inhibitor, BP34610, which likely targets the DENV E protein. BP34610 could be developed as an anti-flavivirus agent in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Shu Hu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Mei Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ren-Huang Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Ni Tian
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Szu-Huei Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lun Kelvin Tsou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Shin Song
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jyh-Haur Chern
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Andrew Yueh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ellan K, Thayan R, Raman J, Hidari KIPJ, Ismail N, Sabaratnam V. Anti-viral activity of culinary and medicinal mushroom extracts against dengue virus serotype 2: an in-vitro study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:260. [PMID: 31533688 PMCID: PMC6751638 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that has become a major public health concern worldwide. Presently, there is no specific vaccine or treatment available for dengue viral infection. METHODS Lignosus rhinocerotis, Pleurotus giganteus, Hericium erinaceus, Schizophyllum commune and Ganoderma lucidium were selected for evaluation of their in-vitro anti-dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) activities. Hot aqueous extracts (HAEs), ethanol extracts (EEs), hexane soluble extracts (HSEs), ethyl acetate soluble extracts (ESEs) and aqueous soluble extracts (ASEs) were prepared from the selected mushrooms. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were evaluated by the MTT assay. The anti-DENV-2 activities of the extracts were evaluated in three different assays: simultaneous, attachment and penetration assays were perfomed using plaque reduction assays and RT-qPCR assays. The effect of the addition time on viral replication was assessed by the time of addition assay, and a virucidal assay was carried out to evaluate the direct effect of each mushroom extract on DENV-2. The chemical composition of glucans, and the protein and phenolic acid contents in the extracts were estimated. RESULTS We found that the HAEs and ASEs of L. rhinocerotis, P. giganteus, H. erinaceus and S. commune were the least toxic to Vero cells and showed very prominent anti-DENV2 activity. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the ASEs ranged between 399.2-637.9 μg/ml, while for the HAEs the range was 312.9-680.6 μg/ml during simultaneous treatment. Significant anti-dengue activity was also detected in the penetration assay of ASEs (IC50: 226.3-315.4 μg/ml) and HAEs (IC50: 943.1-2080.2 μg/ml). Similarly, we observed a marked reduction in the expression levels of the ENV and NS5 genes in the simultaneous and penetration assays of the ASEs and HAEs. Time-of-addition experiments showed that the highest percent of anti-DENV2 activity was observed when the mushroom extracts were added immediately after virus adsorption. None of the extracts exhibited virucidal effect. Chemical composition analysis showed that the major components in the mushroom HAEs and ASEs were glucan (beta D-glucan) and proteins, however, there was no significant correlation between the anti-dengue activity and the concentration of glucans and proteins. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated the potential of mushroom extracts as anti-dengue therapeutic agents with less toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavithambigai Ellan
- 0000 0001 0690 5255grid.415759.bVirology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 0000 0001 2308 5949grid.10347.31Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Thayan
- 0000 0001 0690 5255grid.415759.bVirology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jegadeesh Raman
- 0000 0004 0636 2782grid.420186.9Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuya I. P. J. Hidari
- 0000 0004 1763 0236grid.265880.1Department of Food and Nutrition, Junior College Division, University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Norizah Ismail
- 0000 0001 0690 5255grid.415759.bVirology Unit, Disease Department, National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- 0000 0001 2308 5949grid.10347.31Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ferraz AC, Moraes TDFS, Nizer WSDC, Santos MD, Tótola AH, Ferreira JMS, Vieira-Filho SA, Rodrigues VG, Duarte LP, de Brito Magalhães CL, de Magalhães JC. Virucidal activity of proanthocyanidin against Mayaro virus. Antiviral Res 2019; 168:76-81. [PMID: 31125633 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a sublethal arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes with possible installation of an urban cycle in the Americas. Its infection causes disabling arthralgia, and still, there is no vaccine or treatment to it. We recently investigated nearly 600 compounds by molecular docking and identified epicatechin as a potent antiviral against MAYV. The root extract of Maytenus imbricata showed anti-MAYV activity and two isolated compounds from this plant were also evaluated in vitro. Proanthocyanidin (PAC), a dimer containing epicatechin, showed an effective concentration for 50% of the cells infected by MAYV (EC50) of 37.9 ± 2.4 μM and a selectivity index (SI) above 40. PAC showed significant virucidal activity, inhibiting 100% of the virus proliferation (7 log units), and caused moderate effect during adsorption and virus internalization stage. However, PAC was unable to block the infection when only the cells were pretreated. It was observed a reduction in virus yields when adding PAC at different moments after infection. The set of results indicates that PAC binds to viral and non-cellular elements and may inactivate the MAYV. The inactivation occurs before infection or when the virus reaches the extracellular environment from the 2nd cycle of infection that could block its progression cell-to-cell or to tissues not yet infected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Coelho Ferraz
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Campus Alto Paraopeba, Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Federal University of São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís de Fátima Silva Moraes
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Campus Alto Paraopeba, Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Waleska Stephanie da Cruz Nizer
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Campus Alto Paraopeba, Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Federal University of São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Michelli Dos Santos
- Federal University of São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio Helvécio Tótola
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Campus Alto Paraopeba, Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Sidney Augusto Vieira-Filho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacy's School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lucienir Pains Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cintia Lopes de Brito Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Carlos de Magalhães
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Campus Alto Paraopeba, Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Adrien A, Bonnet A, Dufour D, Baudouin S, Maugard T, Bridiau N. Anticoagulant Activity of Sulfated Ulvan Isolated from the Green Macroalga Ulva rigida. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E291. [PMID: 31091758 PMCID: PMC6562387 DOI: 10.3390/md17050291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Brown and red algal sulfated polysaccharides have been widely described as anticoagulant agents. However, data on green algae, especially on the Ulva genus, are limited. This study aimed at isolating ulvan from the green macroalga Ulva rigida using an acid- and solvent-free procedure, and investigating the effect of sulfate content on the anticoagulant activity of this polysaccharide. (2) Methods: The obtained ulvan fraction was chemically sulfated, leading to a doubling of the polysaccharide sulfate content in a second ulvan fraction. The potential anticoagulant activity of both ulvan fractions was then assessed using different assays, targeting the intrinsic and/or common (activated partial thromboplastin time), extrinsic (prothrombin time), and common (thrombin time) pathways, and the specific antithrombin-dependent pathway (anti-Xa and anti-IIa), of the coagulation cascade. Furthermore, their anticoagulant properties were compared to those of commercial anticoagulants: heparin and Lovenox®. (3) Results: The anticoagulant activity of the chemically-sulfated ulvan fraction was stronger than that of Lovenox® against both the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. (4) Conclusion: The chemically-sulfated ulvan fraction could be a very interesting alternative to heparins, with different targets and a high anticoagulant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Adrien
- Equipe BCBS (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France.
- SEPROSYS, Séparations, Procédés, Systèmes, 12 Rue Marie-Aline Dusseau, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
| | - Antoine Bonnet
- Equipe BCBS (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France.
| | - Delphine Dufour
- SEPROSYS, Séparations, Procédés, Systèmes, 12 Rue Marie-Aline Dusseau, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
| | - Stanislas Baudouin
- SEPROSYS, Séparations, Procédés, Systèmes, 12 Rue Marie-Aline Dusseau, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
| | - Thierry Maugard
- Equipe BCBS (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France.
| | - Nicolas Bridiau
- Equipe BCBS (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bruno de Sousa C, Cox CJ, Brito L, Pavão MM, Pereira H, Ferreira A, Ginja C, Campino L, Bermejo R, Parente M, Varela J. Improved phylogeny of brown algae Cystoseira (Fucales) from the Atlantic-Mediterranean region based on mitochondrial sequences. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210143. [PMID: 30699208 PMCID: PMC6364706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystoseira is a common brown algal genus widely distributed throughout the Atlantic and Mediterranean regions whose taxonomical assignment of specimens is often hampered by intra- and interspecific morphological variability. In this study, three mitochondrial regions, namely cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI), 23S rDNA (23S), and 23S-tRNAVal intergenic spacer (mt-spacer) were used to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of 22 Cystoseira taxa (n = 93 samples). A total of 135 sequences (48 from COI, 43 from 23S and 44 from mt-spacer) were newly generated and analysed together with Cystoseira sequences (9 COI, 31 23S and 35 mt-spacer) from other authors. Phylogenetic analysis of these three markers identified 3 well-resolved clades and also corroborated the polyphyletic nature of the genus. The resolution of Cystoseira taxa within the three clades improves significantly when the inclusion of specimens of related genera was minimized. COI and mt-spacer markers resolved the phylogeny of some of the Cystoseira taxa, such as the C. baccata, C. foeniculacea and C. usneoides. Furthermore, trends between phylogeny, embryonic development and available chemotaxonomic classifications were identified, showing that phylogenetic, chemical and morphological data should be taken into account to study the evolutionary relationships among the algae currently classified as Cystoseira. The resolution of Cystoseira macroalgae into three well supported clades achieved here is relevant for a more accurate isolation and identification of natural compounds and the implementation of conservation measures for target species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cymon J. Cox
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro,
Portugal
| | - Luís Brito
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro,
Portugal
| | | | - Hugo Pereira
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro,
Portugal
| | - Ana Ferreira
- Universidade dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Ponta
Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Catarina Ginja
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos
Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão,
Portugal
| | - Lenea Campino
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina
Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Bermejo
- Departamento de Biología- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar
y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Irish Seaweed Research Group & Earth and Ocean Sciences Department,
Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland,
Galway, Ireland
| | - Manuela Parente
- CIBIO-Açores, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos
Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Departamento de
Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro,
Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
There remains today a critical need for new antiviral agents, particularly in view of the alarming increase in drug resistance and associated issues. The marine environment has been a prolific contributor towards the identification of novel therapeutic agents in the recent few decades. Added to this, glycans (or carbohydrate- or sugar-based compounds) have in very recent decades made outstanding contributions to the development of novel therapeutics. This review brings together these significant facets of modern drug discovery by presenting the reported literature on glycans derived from marine organisms that possess antiviral activity.The glycans have been grouped together based on the marine organism they were isolated from, namely, (1) bacteria, (2) chromists, (3) plants and (4) animals. For chromists, glycans are further subsectioned into Ochrophyta (brown algae), Miozoa (according to www.algaebase.org ; also called Myzozoa according to WoRMS, www.marinespecies.org ) (dinoflagellates) and Bacillariophyta (diatoms). For plants, glycans are further subsectioned into Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Tracheophyta. Glycans isolated to date are reported as alginates, chitosan, extracellular polysaccharides, fucans (e.g. fucoidans), galactans (e.g. carrageenans), glycolipids, glycosaminoglycans, glycosides, glycosylated haemocyanin, laminarans, mannans, polysaccharides (not defined), rhamnans and xylomannans. Interestingly, many of the glycans displaying antiviral properties are sulfated.Reports indicate that marine-sourced glycans have exhibited antiviral activity against African swine fever virus, cytomegalovirus, dengue virus, Epstein-Barr virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, human papilloma virus, human rhino virus, influenza virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, murine leukaemia virus, murine sarcoma virus, Newcastle disease virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Semliki Forest virus, tobacco mosaic virus, vaccinia virus, varicella zoster virus, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. Selected representative glycan structures are presented in Fig. 20.1.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The persistence of West Nile virus (WNV) infections throughout the USA since its inception in 1999 and its continuous spread throughout the globe calls for an urgent need of effective treatments and prevention measures. Although the licensing of several WNV vaccines for veterinary use provides a proof of concept, similar efforts on the development of an effective vaccine for humans remain still unsuccessful. Increased understanding of biology and pathogenesis of WNV together with recent technological advancements have raised hope that an effective WNV vaccine may be available in the near future. In addition, rapid progress in the structural and functional characterization of WNV and other flaviviral proteins have provided a solid base for the design and development of several classes of inhibitors as potential WNV therapeutics. Moreover, the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies demonstrate an excellent efficacy against WNV in animal models and represent a promising class of WNV therapeutics. However, there are some challenges as to the design and development of a safe and efficient WNV vaccine or therapeutic. In this chapter, we discuss the current approaches, progress, and challenges toward the development of WNV vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and antiviral drugs.
Collapse
|
47
|
Yue Y, Li Z, Li P, Song N, Li B, Lin W, Liu S. Antiviral activity of a polysaccharide from Laminaria japonica against enterovirus 71. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:256-262. [PMID: 28987950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study investigated the antiviral activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Laminaria japonica against enterovirus 71 (EV71) as well as its mechanism of action. The LJ04 polysaccharide was purified from Laminaria japonica by affinity chromatography. To investigate its antiviral activity, an MTT assay, q-PCR, immunofluorescent staining and western-blot analysis were performed. To define its mechanism of action, ELISA, q-PCR and flow cytometry were conducted. LJ04 had a low EC50, high CC50 and high SI. LJ04 inhibited not only JN200804, but also JN200803 in RD cells, and viral proliferation was strongly inhibited, whereas LJ04 suppressed viral-induced apoptosis as detected by flow cytometry. In conclusion, LJ04 was found to have robust antiviral activity by inhibiting apoptosis and inducing IFN-β expression. Our findings indicate that LJ04 is a good candidate for the treatment of EV71.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yue
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Nannan Song
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bingqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuntao Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cystoseira algae (Fucaceae): update on their chemical entities and biological activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
49
|
Chew MF, Poh KS, Poh CL. Peptides as Therapeutic Agents for Dengue Virus. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1342-1359. [PMID: 29200948 PMCID: PMC5707751 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.21875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an important global threat caused by dengue virus (DENV) that records an estimated 390 million infections annually. Despite the availability of CYD-TDV as a commercial vaccine, its long-term efficacy against all four dengue virus serotypes remains unsatisfactory. There is therefore an urgent need for the development of antiviral drugs for the treatment of dengue. Peptide was once a neglected choice of medical treatment but it has lately regained interest from the pharmaceutical industry following pioneering advancements in technology. In this review, the design of peptide drugs, antiviral activities and mechanisms of peptides and peptidomimetics (modified peptides) action against dengue virus are discussed. The development of peptides as inhibitors for viral entry, replication and translation is also described, with a focus on the three main targets, namely, the host cell receptors, viral structural proteins and viral non-structural proteins. The antiviral peptides designed based on these approaches may lead to the discovery of novel anti-DENV therapeutics that can treat dengue patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaw-Fang Chew
- Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Keat-Seong Poh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chit-Laa Poh
- Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Adrien A, Dufour D, Baudouin S, Maugard T, Bridiau N. Evaluation of the anticoagulant potential of polysaccharide-rich fractions extracted from macroalgae. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2126-2136. [PMID: 28147712 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1278595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anticoagulant activity of sulphated polysaccharide-containing extracts of six french edible marine macroalgae. Aqueous extracts of brown (Himanthalia elongata, Laminaria digitata, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus), green (Ulva lactuca) and red (Chondrus crispus) macroalgae were prepared and their biochemical properties were determined, including major biomolecules, sulphate and ash contents. The anticoagulant activity of each extract was investigated using different scales from the specific antithrombin-dependent pathway (anti-Xa and anti-IIa) to the intrinsic and/or common (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, APTT), extrinsic (Prothrombin Time, PT) or common (Thrombin Time, TT) anticoagulant pathways, and compared with those of commercial anticoagulants, heparin and Lovenox®. Laminaria digitata, Fucus vesiculosus and Chondrus crispus extracts showed a significant APTT anticoagulant capacity, only 5-fold lower than that of Lovenox®, which is a pure low molecular weight heparin used as an anticoagulant agent to prevent pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Adrien
- a Département de Biotechnologies , UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSS, Equipe Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle , La Rochelle , France
- b SEPROSYS, Séparations, Procédés, Systèmes , La Rochelle , France
| | - Delphine Dufour
- b SEPROSYS, Séparations, Procédés, Systèmes , La Rochelle , France
| | | | - Thierry Maugard
- a Département de Biotechnologies , UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSS, Equipe Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle , La Rochelle , France
| | - Nicolas Bridiau
- a Département de Biotechnologies , UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSS, Equipe Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle , La Rochelle , France
| |
Collapse
|