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Chen S, Qin F, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Xiao S, Li W, Akihisa T, Jantrawut P, Ji J, Zhang J. Extraction, purification, structural characterization, and bioactivities of the genus Schisandra polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130257. [PMID: 38423904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The genus Schisandra, a member of the Magnoliaceae family, is a well-known tonic traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of traditional medicinal and functional food used in China. Polysaccharides are one of its main active constituents, which have a wide range of bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotection, anti-diabetes, hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, and anti-fatigue. In this paper, we review the extraction, isolation, purification, structural characterization, bioactivities, as well as structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from the genus Schisandra. In conclusion, we hope that this review could provide reference for the subsequent research on structural, bioactivities, development and application of the genus Schisandra polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Fang Qin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Shuyun Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Wei Li
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akihisa
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ching Mai University, Ching Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jingyu Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China.
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Wang D, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Yang L, Lou C. Recent advances in natural polysaccharides against hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126766. [PMID: 37689300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor of the digestive system that poses a serious threat to human life and health. Chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used in the clinic have limited efficacy and heavy adverse effects. Therefore, it is imperative to find effective and safe alternatives, and natural polysaccharides (NPs) fit the bill. This paper summarizes in detail the anti-HCC activity of NPs in vitro, animal and clinical trials. Furthermore, the addition of NPs can reduce the deleterious effects of chemotherapeutic drugs such as immunotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, oxidative stress, etc. The potential mechanisms are related to induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, block of angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, stimulation of immune activity and targeting of MircoRNA. And on this basis, we further elucidate that the anti-HCC activity may be related to the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight (Mw), conformational features and structural modifications of NPs. In addition, due to its good physicochemical properties, it is widely used as a drug carrier in the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and small molecule components. This review provides a favorable theoretical basis for the application of the anti-HCC activity of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhen Wang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhengfeng Zhang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - ChangJie Lou
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
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Ye D, Zhao Q, Ding D, Ma BL. Preclinical pharmacokinetics-related pharmacological effects of orally administered polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicines: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126484. [PMID: 37625759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides (TCMPs) derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), such as Ganoderma lucidum, Astragalus membranaceus, Lycium barbarum, and Panax ginseng, are considered to be the main active constituents in TCMs. However, the significant pharmacological effects of orally administered TCMPs do not align well with their poor pharmacokinetics. This article aims to review the literature published mainly from 2010 to 2022, focusing on the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects. It has been found that unabsorbed TCMPs can exert local pharmacological effects in the gut, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, regulation of intestinal flora, modulation of intestinal immunity, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. Unabsorbed TCMPs can also produce systemic pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor activity and immune system modulation, by regulating intestinal flora and immunity. Conversely, some TCMPs can be absorbed and distributed to various tissues, especially the liver, where they exhibit tissue-protecting effects against inflammation and oxidative stress-induced damage and improve glucose and lipid metabolism. In future studies, it is important to improve quality control and experimental design. Furthermore, research on enhancing the oral bioavailability of TCMPs, exploring the activity of TCMP metabolites, investigating pharmacokinetic interactions between TCMPs and oral drugs, and developing oral drug delivery systems using TCMPs holds great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jingan District Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing-Liang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Sun P, Pan YB, Ma RF, Zhao XC, Wang YY, Miao L, Zhang H. Structurally Diverse Sesquiterpenoids with NO Production and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities from the Fruits of Schisandra chinensis. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301203. [PMID: 37679302 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical fractionation of the AcOEt partition, generated from the EtOH extract of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis, afforded a series of sesquiterpenyl constituents including two new cadinanes, a new eudesmane, two new widdranes (a handling artefact and a new natural product), a new bisabolane and two new natural cuparane enantiomers, along with 15 known structurally related analogs. Structures of the new compounds were unambiguously characterized by interpretation of detailed spectroscopic data including ESI-MS and 1D/2D NMR, with their absolute configurations being established by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation and induced ECD experiment. The inhibitory effects of all the isolates against α-glucosidase and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production in murine RAW264.7 macrophages, as well as their antibacterial and cytotoxic potential, were evaluated, with selective compounds showing moderate α-glucosidase and NO inhibitory activity. Notably, canangaterpene III exhibited the most significant NO inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 31.50±1.49 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yin-Bo Pan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Ren-Fen Ma
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xue-Chun Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yin-Yin Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Lei Miao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
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Xie J, Huang H, Li X, Ouyang L, Wang L, Liu D, Wei X, Tan P, Tu P, Hu Z. The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Status and Future Directions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1627-1651. [PMID: 37638827 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2350074x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development of tumors. Immunoregulatory cells and cytokines facilitate cancer cells to avoid immune surveillance. Overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibits immune function and enables cancer cells to avoid clearance by the immune system. Thus, minimizing tumor immunosuppression could be an important strategy for cancer therapy. Currently, many immune checkpoint-targeted drugs, such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, have been approved for marketing and have shown unique advantages in the clinical treatment of cancers. The concept of "strengthening resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is consistent with the immunotherapy of cancer. According to previous studies, the role of TCM in tumor immunotherapy is mainly associated with the positive regulation of natural killer cells, CD8/CD4 T cells, dendritic cells, M2 macrophages, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text], and IFN-[Formula: see text], as well as with the negative regulation of Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, PD-1/PD-L1, transforming growth factor-[Formula: see text], and tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text]. This paper summarizes the current research on the effect of TCM targeting the TME, and further introduces the research progress on studying the effects of TCM on immune checkpoints. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that TCM can directly or indirectly affect the TME by inhibiting the overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules and enhancing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. TCM with immunomodulatory stimulation could be the key factor to achieve benefits from immunotherapy for patients with non-inflammatory, or "cold", tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Huiming Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P. R. China
| | - Lishan Ouyang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Longyan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Yan ZQ, Ding SY, Chen P, Liu HP, Chang ML, Shi SY. A water-soluble polysaccharide from Eucommia folium: the structural characterization and anti-tumor activity in vivo. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:759-772. [PMID: 36342595 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide from Eucommia folium was extracted by hot water and purified using Sephadex G-200 gel columns. The results showed that the purified fraction (EFP) has a molecular weight of 9.98 × 105 Da and consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid (molar ratio: 0.226: 1.739: 2.183: 1: 0.155: 0.321: 0.358: 0.047). The combination of infrared spectroscopy and NMR analysis proved that EFP is an acidic polysaccharide whose main chain consists of α-L-Araf-(1 → , → 3,5)-α-Araf-(1 → , → 3)-β-Galp-(1 → , → 3,6)-β-Glcp-(1 → , → 2)-α-D-Manp-(1 → , → 4)-α-GalpA-(1 → , → 2,4)-α-Rhap-(1 → . In addition, the in vivo antitumoral activity of EFP was studied using a H22 tumor-bearing mice model. EFP effectively inhibited tumor growth in mice following intragastric administration. By Combining with the results of the apoptosis assay and JC-1 staining analysis, we confirmed that EFP induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis demonstrated that EFP blocks the cell cycle at S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science &Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Yun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science &Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science &Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science &Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng-Li Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science &Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science &Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
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Khalaf HM, Hafez SMNA, Abdalla AM, Welson NN, Abdelzaher WY, Abdelbaky FAF. Role of Platelet-activating factor and HO-1 in mediating the protective effect of rupatadine against 5-fluorouracil-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40190-40203. [PMID: 35119631 PMCID: PMC9120097 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, but its hepatotoxicity challenges its clinical use. Thus, searching for a hepatoprotective agent is highly required to prevent the accompanied hepatic hazards. The current study aimed to investigate the potential benefit and mechanisms of action of rupatadine (RU), a Platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist, in the prevention of 5-FU-related hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatotoxicity was developed in male albino rats by a single 5-FU (150 mg/kg) intra-peritoneal injection on the 7th day of the experiment. RU (3 mg/kg/day) was orally administrated to the rodents for 10 days. Hepatic toxicity was assessed by measuring both liver and body weights, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST), hepatic oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide levels (NOx), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Inflammatory markers expressions (inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukins; IL-1B, IL-6), the apoptotic marker (caspase-3), and PAF were measured in the hepatic tissue. 5-FU-induced hepatotoxicity was proved by the biochemical along with histopathological assessments. RU ameliorated 5-FU-induced liver damage as proved by the improved serum ALT, AST, and hepatic oxidative stress parameters, the attenuated expression of hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines and PAF, and the up-regulation of HO-1. Therefore, it can be concluded that RU pretreatment exerted a hepatoprotective effect against 5-FU-induced liver damage through both its powerful anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nermeen N. Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Muvhulawa N, Dludla PV, Ziqubu K, Mthembu SX, Mthiyane F, Nkambule BB, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. Rutin ameliorates inflammation and improves metabolic function: A comprehensive analysis of scientific literature. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yang K, Qiu J, Huang Z, Yu Z, Wang W, Hu H, You Y. A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114759. [PMID: 34678416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (called bei-wuweizi in Chinese, S. chinensis) and Schisandra sphenanthera (called nan-wuweizi in Chinese, S. sphenanthera) are two highly similar plants in the Magnoliaceae family. Their dried ripe fruits are commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of coughs, palpitation, spermatorrhea, and insomnia. They also are traditionally used as tonics in Russia, Japan, and Korea. AIM OF THE REVIEW S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera are similar in appearance, traditional applications, ingredient compositions, and therapeutic effects. This review, therefore, aims to provide a systematic insight into the botanical background, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicology of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, and to explore and present the similarities and differences between S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search regarding S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera was collected by using electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Web of Science, CNKI, and the online ethnobotanical database. RESULTS In the 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP), there were 100 prescriptions containing S. chinensis, while only 11 contained S. sphenanthera. Totally, 306 and 238 compounds have been isolated and identified from S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, respectively. Among these compounds, lignans, triterpenoids, essential oils, phenolic acid, flavonoids, phytosterols are the major composition. Through investigation of pharmacological activities, S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have similar therapeutic effects including hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and hypoglycemic effect. Besides, S. chinensis turns out to have more effects including reproductive regulation and immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antitussive and antiasthmatic, anti-fatigue, antiarthritic, and bone remodeling effects. Both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have inhibitory effects on CYP3A and P-gp, which can mediate metabolism or efflux of substrates, and therefore interact with many drugs. CONCLUSIONS S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have great similarities. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are regarded to contribute to most of the bioactivities. Schisandrin A-C, schisandrol A-B, and schisantherin A, existing in both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera but differing in the amount, are the main active components, which may contribute to the similarities and differences. Study corresponding to the traditional use is needed to reveal the deep connotation of the use of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera as traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, a joint study of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera can better show the difference between them, which can provide a reference for clinical application. It is worth mentioning that the inhibition of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera on CYP3A and P-gp may lead to undesirable drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zecheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yu You
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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10
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Advances in dietary polysaccharides as anticancer agents: Structure-activity relationship. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Extraction and characterization of xylan from sugarcane tops as a potential commercial substrate. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:647-654. [PMID: 33676868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Xylan is the major hemicellulose present in sugarcane stem secondary cell walls. Xylan is composed of xylose backbone with a high degree of substitutions, which affects its properties. In the present study, the xylan from sugarcane tops (SCT) was extracted and characterized. Compositional analysis of xylan extracted from SCT (SCTx) displayed the presence of 74% of d-xylose residues, 16% of d-glucuronic acid residues and 10% of l-arabinose. High performance size exclusion chromatographic analysis of SCTx displayed a single peak corresponding to a molecular mass of ∼57 kDa. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of SCTx displayed the peaks corresponding to those obtained from commercial xylan. FESEM analysis of SCTx showed the granular and porous surface structure. Differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) of SCTx displayed two thermal degradation temperatures (Td) of 228°C, due to breakdown of the side chains of glucuronic acid and arabinose and 275°C, due to breakdown of xylan back bone. The presence of arabinose and glucuronic acid as a side chains was confirmed by the DTG and thermogravimetric analysis. The CHNS analysis of SCTx showed the presence of only carbon and hydrogen supporting its purity. The recombinant xylanase (CtXyn11A) from Clostridium thermocellum displayed a specific activity of 1394 ± 51 U/mg with SCTx, which was higher than those with commercial xylans. The thin layer chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy analyses of CtXyn11A hydrolysed SCTx contained a series of linear xylo-oligosaccharides ranging from degree of polymerization 2-6 and no substituted xylo-oligosaccharides because of the endolytic activity of enzyme. The extracted xylan from SCT can be used as an alternative commercial substrate and for oligo-saccharide production.
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Guo LX, Tong Y, Wang J, Yin G, Huang HS, Zeng L, Wang P, Li JP, Bi KS, Wang TJ. Determination and Comparison of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Serum and Colon Content Samples: Alzheimer's Disease Rat as a Case Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235739. [PMID: 33291848 PMCID: PMC7729479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main microbial fermentation products from dietary fibers in the colon, and it has been speculated that they play a key role in keeping healthy in the whole-body. However, differences in SCFAs concentration in the serum and colon samples had attracted little attention. In this study, we have optimized the extract and analysis methods for the determination of ten SCFAs in both serum and colon content samples. Methanol and acetonitrile were chosen for extraction of SCFAs from serum and colon content samples, respectively. Biological samples were collected from Alzheimer's disease rats treated by extract of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SC-extract) were taken as research objects. The results showed that, the relative peak intensities of SCFAs in the colon content from all groups were quite similar, and the trend was identical in the serum samples. Compared with the values in humans, the ratio of ten SCFAs in rat's colon was similar, while the percent of acetate in rat's serum was significantly higher. For therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD), SC-extract decreased the concentration of butyrate, 3-Methyvalerate, and caproate in the serum samples towards the trend of normal rats. This study may help our understanding of how SCFAs are transported across colonic epithelium in healthy and diseased organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xiu Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (L.-X.G.); (Y.T.); (J.W.); (G.Y.); (H.-S.H.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (J.-P.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yue Tong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (L.-X.G.); (Y.T.); (J.W.); (G.Y.); (H.-S.H.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (J.-P.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (L.-X.G.); (Y.T.); (J.W.); (G.Y.); (H.-S.H.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Guo Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (L.-X.G.); (Y.T.); (J.W.); (G.Y.); (H.-S.H.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Hou-Shuang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (L.-X.G.); (Y.T.); (J.W.); (G.Y.); (H.-S.H.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Long Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (L.-X.G.); (Y.T.); (J.W.); (G.Y.); (H.-S.H.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Ping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (L.-X.G.); (Y.T.); (J.W.); (G.Y.); (H.-S.H.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Jun-Peng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (L.-X.G.); (Y.T.); (J.W.); (G.Y.); (H.-S.H.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Kai-Shun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (K.-S.B.); (T.-J.W.); Tel.: +86-024-4352-0012 (K.-S.B.); +86-755-2603-1728 (T.-J.W.)
| | - Tie-Jie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China; (L.-X.G.); (Y.T.); (J.W.); (G.Y.); (H.-S.H.); (L.Z.); (P.W.); (J.-P.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (K.-S.B.); (T.-J.W.); Tel.: +86-024-4352-0012 (K.-S.B.); +86-755-2603-1728 (T.-J.W.)
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Sharma K, Morla S, Khaire KC, Thakur A, Moholkar VS, Kumar S, Goyal A. Extraction, characterization of xylan from Azadirachta indica (neem) sawdust and production of antiproliferative xylooligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1897-1907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Wang C, Wang S, Peng D, Yu Z, Guo P, Wei J. Agarwood Extract Mitigates Intestinal Injury in Fluorouracil-Induced Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1112-1119. [PMID: 31257287 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Agarwood is used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. Although our previous studies demonstrated that agarwood ethanol extract produced by the whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique (WTAAE) improves intestinal peristalsis, the intestinal protective effect of WTAAE remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of WTAAE on the intestinal injury induced by fluorouracil (5-FU) and explore its potential mechanism. Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were given agarwood ethanol extracts (AAEs) (details in materials part), including WTAAE (0.71, 1.42 and 2.84 g/kg), wild agarwood ethanol extract (WAAE) and burning-chisel-drilling agarwood ethanol extract (FBAAE) (2.84 g/kg). A colon injury model was induced by 5-FU. After 14 d of treatment, the histopathology and biochemical and molecular parameters were measured. Our results indicated that WTAAE enhanced the intestinal advancing rate and alleviated the severity of colon injury similar the WAAE and better than FBAAE. Simultaneously, WTAAE reduced the nitric oxide (NO) concentration and increased the glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. WTAAE also reduced the levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-33 and elevated the level of IL-10. Furthermore, WTAAE upregulated the mRNA expression of the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) pathway and downregulated the mRNA levels of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway. WTAAE had a mitigating effect on intestinal damage, suggesting that it could be used as an intestinal protective and adjuvant therapy drug for intestinal injury induced by chemical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhong Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Shuai Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | | | - Zhangxin Yu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Peng Guo
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
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Antiproliferative xylan from corn cobs induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:245-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Seo EJ, Klauck SM, Efferth T, Panossian A. Adaptogens in chemobrain (Part I): Plant extracts attenuate cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment - Transcriptome-wide microarray profiles of neuroglia cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:80-91. [PMID: 30668446 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments are presumably associated with undesirable effects of chemotherapy on physiological functions of brain cells. Adaptogens are natural compounds or plant extracts increasing an organism's adaptability and survival in stress. They exhibited neuroprotective effects and increased cognitive functions in clinical studies in human beings. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that selected adaptogenic plant extracts attenuate or prevent cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments. AIM We assessed the effects of selected adaptogenic herbal extracts on FEC (fixed combination 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) induced changes in transcriptome-wide RNA microarray profiles of neuroglia cells. The aim of the study was to predict potential effects of andrographolide, Andrographis herb, Eleutherococcus root genuine extracts, their fixed combination (AE) and the combination of Rhodiola roots, Schisandra berries and Eleutherococcus roots (RSE) on cellular and physiological, mostly cognitive functions. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed by transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray in the human T98G neuroglia cells after treatment with adaptogens. Interactive pathways downstream analysis was performed with data sets of significantly up- or down-regulated genes and predicted effects on cellular functions and diseases were identified by Ingenuity IPA database software. RESULTS FEC deregulated 67 genes involved in decrease of neuronal development, 37 genes involved in development of the sensory system, 12 genes in extension of axons, and 3 genes in migration of neurons. Co-incubation with Andrographis paniculata (AP) suppressed FEC-induced deregulation of a large number of genes involved in predicted activation of neuronal death and inhibition of neurogenesis, and 16 genes related to inhibition of several functions in the nervous system. Co-incubation with AE suppressed FEC-induced deregulation of a number of genes involved in predicted inhibition of axon extension, migration of T98G neuroglia cells, conduction of nerves and other genes related to regulations of some other functions in the nervous system. CONCLUSION Application of cytostatic drugs in combination with apoptogenic plant extracts induced significant changes in transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray profiles of neuroglial cells. These changes indicate on potential beneficial effects on neuronal functions associated with mild cognitive impairments in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460 Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Alexander Panossian
- EuroPharma USA Inc., 955 Challenger Dr., Green Bay, Wisconsin 54311 United States; Phytomed AB, Vaxtorp, Sweden.
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Mao GH, Zhang ZH, Fei F, Ding YY, Zhang WJ, Chen H, Ali SS, Zhao T, Feng WW, Wu XY, Yang LQ. Effect of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide on anti-tumor activity in combination with 5-Fu in Heps-bearing mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:930-935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Cheng L, Chen L, Yang Q, Wang Y, Wei X. Antitumor activity of Se-containing tea polysaccharides against sarcoma 180 and comparison with regular tea polysaccharides and Se-yeast. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:853-858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Li YZ, Ren S, Yan XT, Li HP, Li W, Zheng B, Wang Z, Liu YY. Improvement of Cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction by Schisandra chinensis stems via anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 217:228-237. [PMID: 29421595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill is a frequently used traditional Chinese medicine, and modern pharmacological research has proven that S. chinensis has antioxidant, anti-hepatotoxity, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nephrotoxic effects. Cisplatin is widely used as antineoplastic drug at present, but the clinical application is limited owing to its nephrotoxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY To demonstrate the renoprotective activity of the extract of the stems of S. chinensis (SCE) in mice established by cisplatin-triggering acute kidney injury (AKI). The possible molecular mechanism of nephroprotection exhibited by SCE was evaluated for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice in SCE groups were pre-treated with SCE for 10 consecutive days, and on 7th day 1 h after final administration, following intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin with 20 mg/kg was treated to cisplatin group and SCE groups. On the 10th day, renal function, histopathological change, and oxidative stress markers were investigated. RESULTS Renal oxidative stress level characterized by elevated heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), cytochrome P450 E1 (CYP2E1) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) expression was obviously reduced by SCE pre-treatment. In addition, SCE was found to suppress inflammatory response through the reduction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activation. SCE treatment also inhibited activation of apoptotic pathways through down-regulating Bax, cleaved caspase-3, 8, 9 and up-regulating Bcl-2 expression levels. CONCLUSION These findings illustrated that SCE possessed powerful protective effect on AKI caused by cisplatin via amelioration of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zi Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Yan
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hui-Ping Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bing Zheng
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
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Li Z, He X, Liu F, Wang J, Feng J. A review of polysaccharides from Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera: Properties, functions and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:178-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Mao G, Li Q, Deng C, Wang Y, Ding Y, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhao T, Wei F, Yang L, Wu X. The synergism and attenuation effect of Selenium (Se)-enriched Grifola frondosa (Se)-polysaccharide on 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) in Heps-bearing mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2211-2216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Zhang W, Zhong Y, Cui H, Wang L, Yang R, Su Z, Xiang B, Wei Q. Combination of calcineurin B subunit (CnB) and 5-fluorouracil reverses 5-fluorouracil-induced immunosuppressive effect and enhances the antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6135-6142. [PMID: 29113258 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Five-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for digestive system tumors; however, continuous use of 5-FU may cause severe side effects, including myelosuppression and immunosuppression. Our previous study revealed that calcineurin B subunit (CnB), an innovative genetic engineering antitumor protein, possesses tumor-suppressive effects with low toxicity. CnB can bind to and activate integrin αM on macrophages, subsequently promoting the expression, and secretion of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, a specific proapoptotic cytokine. In the present study, whether the combined use of CnB and 5-FU can reverse the myelosuppression, and immunosuppressive effects of 5-FU by reactivating the immune system thus increasing antitumor efficacy, was investigated. It was demonstrated that combined treatment of 5-FU and CnB led to increased tumor-suppressive effects, as indicated by reduced tumor volume and weight when compared with 5-FU or CnB treatment alone in a hepatoma xenograph model. In addition, it was demonstrated that combined treatment inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells. Notably, the addition of CnB to 5-FU-based therapy completely reversed the immunosuppressive effect of 5-FU. The spleen index and total number of white blood cells in the combination group were higher compared with that of the 5-FU alone group. Furthermore, pathological examinations indicated that CnB attenuated 5-FU-induced organ damage. Based on these findings, it is proposed that CnB may serve as a novel and promising drug candidate for the improvement of 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Youxiu Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Benqiong Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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Hu X, Zhang R, Xie Y, Wang H, Ge M. The Protective Effects of Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill Against Cadmium-Induced Oxidant Stress and Inflammatory Damage in Chicken Livers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 178:117-126. [PMID: 27943028 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the protective roles of polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill (ABP) against cadmium (Cd)-induced damage in chicken livers. A total of 80 Hy-Line laying chickens (7 days old) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20). Group I (control) was fed with a basic diet and 0.2 ml saline per day, group II (Cd-treated group) was fed with a basic diet containing 140 mg/kg cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and 0.2 ml saline per day, group III (Cd + ABP-treated group) was fed with a basic diet containing 140 mg/kg CdCl2 and 0.2-ml ABP solution (30 mg/ml) per day via oral gavage, and group IV (ABP-treated group) was fed with 0.2-ml ABP solution (30 mg/ml) per day via oral gavage. The contents of Cd and malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of inflammatory cytokines and heat shock proteins (HSPs), the protein levels of HSPs, and the histopathological changes of livers were evaluated on days 20, 40, and 60. The results showed that Cd exposure resulted in Cd accumulating in livers and inhibiting the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-PX). Cd exposure caused histopathological damage and increased the MDA content, the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and HSPs (HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) and the protein levels of HSPs (HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90). ABP supplementation during dietary exposure to Cd reduced the histopathological damage and decreased the contents of Cd and MDA and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and HSPs and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The results indicated that ABP could partly ameliorate the toxic effects of Cd on chicken livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequan Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ming Ge
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Carboxymethyl Pachyman in Fluorouracil-Treated CT26-Bearing Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050756. [PMID: 28481246 PMCID: PMC6153744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the chemotherapeutic agent of first choice for the treatment ofcolorectal cancer, however, treatment-related liver toxicity remains a major concern. Thereby, it is desirable to search for novel therapeutic approaches that can effectively enhance curative effects and reduce the toxic side effects of 5-FU. Carboxymethyl Pachyman (CMP) exhibits strong antitumor properties, but the antitumor and hepatoprotective effects of CMP and the molecular mechanisms behind these activities, are however poorly explored. Thereby, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of CMP in 5-FU-treated CT26-bearing mice, and further explore the underlying mechanism(s) of action. Initially, a CT26 colon carcinoma xenograft mice model was established. The immune organ indexes, blood indicators, liver tissue injury, and indicators associated with inflammation, antioxidant and apoptosis were then measured. Our results showed that CMP administration increased the tumor inhibitory rates of 5-FU and, meanwhile, it reversed reduction of peripheral white blood cells (WBC) and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC), increase of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), GSH-Px and glutathione(GSH) induced by 5-FU. Moreover, CMP in combination with 5-FU alleviated severe liver injury induced by 5-FU via reducing the levels of ROS, IL-1β, and IL-6, decreasing expression of p-IκB-α, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, pp38 and Bax, and elevating levels of Nrf2, GCL, HO-1 and Bcl-2. Collectively, these outcomes suggested that CMP effectively enhanced the curative effects of 5-FU and simultaneously reduced the liver injuries induced by 5-FU in CT26-bearing mice, and the mechanism may be associated with regulation of NF-κB, Nrf2-ARE and MAPK/P38/JNK pathways.
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MiR-21 is required for anti-tumor immune response in mice: an implication for its bi-directional roles. Oncogene 2017; 36:4212-4223. [PMID: 28346427 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we show that miR-21, a microRNA known for its oncogenic activity, is also essential for mediating immune responses against tumor. Knockout of miR-21 in mice slowed the proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells, reduced their cytokine production and accelerated the grafted tumor growth. Further investigations indicated that miR-21 could activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells via the PTEN/Akt pathway in response to stimulations. Taken together, these data suggest the key functions of miR-21 in mediating anti-tumor immune response and thereby uncover a bi-directional role of this traditionally known 'oncomiR' in tumorigenesis. Our study may provide new insights for the design of cancer therapies targeting microRNAs, with an emphasis on the dynamic and possibly unexpected role of these molecules.
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Mocan A, Zengin G, Crişan G, Mollica A. Enzymatic assays and molecular modeling studies of Schisandra chinensis lignans and phenolics from fruit and leaf extracts. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:200-210. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1222585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, and
| | - Gianina Crişan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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A Homogeneous Polysaccharide from Fructus Schisandra chinensis (Turz.) Baill Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis through the Hsp90/AKT Signalling Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071015. [PMID: 27367669 PMCID: PMC4964391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the potential anti-hepatoma therapeutic effect of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides presented in previous studies, a bioactive constituent, homogeneous Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide-0-1 (SCP-0-1), molecular weight (MW) circa 69.980 kDa, was isolated and purified. We assessed the efficacy of SCP-0-1 against human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells to investigate the effects of its antitumour activity and molecular mechanisms. Anticancer activity was evaluated using microscopy, 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, acridine orange (AO) staining, flow cytometry (FCM), and cell-cycle analysis. SCP-0-1 inhibited the HepG2 cells’ growth via inducing apoptosis and second gap/mitosis (G2/M) arrest dose-dependently, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 479.63 µg/mL. Western blotting of key proteins revealed the apoptotic and autophagic potential of SCP-0-1. Besides, SCP-0-1 upregulated Bcl-2 Associated X Protein (Bax) and downregulated B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in the HepG2 cells. The expression of caspase-3, -8, and -9; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP); cytochrome c (Cyt C); tumor protein 53 (p53); survivin; sequestosome 1 (p62); microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3B (LC3B); mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38); extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK); c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK); protein kinase B (AKT); and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) were evaluated using Western blotting. Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism through which SCP-0-1 exerts its antiproliferative activity and induces mitochondrial apoptosis rather than autophagy. The induction of mitochondrial apoptosis was attributed to the inhibition of the Hsp90/AKT signalling pathway in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-independent manner. The results also provide initial evidence on a molecular basis that SCP-0-1 can be used as an anti-hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic agent in the future.
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Mocan A, Schafberg M, Crișan G, Rohn S. Determination of lignans and phenolic components of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. using HPLC-ESI-ToF-MS and HPLC-online TEAC: Contribution of individual components to overall antioxidant activity and comparison with traditional antioxidant assays. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Mocan A, Crișan G, Vlase L, Crișan O, Vodnar DC, Raita O, Gheldiu AM, Toiu A, Oprean R, Tilea I. Comparative studies on polyphenolic composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Schisandra chinensis leaves and fruits. Molecules 2014; 19:15162-79. [PMID: 25247685 PMCID: PMC6270802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190915162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and the polyphenolic content of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. leaves and fruits. The leaves are an important source of flavonoids (35.10 ± 1.23 mg RE/g plant material). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the polyphenolic compounds were achieved using a HPLC-UV-MS method. The main flavonoid from the leaves was isoquercitrin (2486.18 ± 5.72 μg/g plant material), followed by quercitrin (1645.14 ± 2.12 μg/g plant material). Regarding the fruit composition, the dominant compound there was rutin (13.02 ± 0.21 μg/g plant material), but comparing with the leaves, fruits can be considered a poor source of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, TEAC, hemoglobin ascorbate peroxidase activity inhibition (HAPX), inhibition of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c and EPR spectroscopic assays, revealing a better antioxidant activity for the S. chinensis leaves extract. In the antimicrobial assay, S. chinensis leaves extract showed efficient activities against the targeted bacteria, being more active than the fruits extract. The results suggest the leaves of S. chinensis as a valuable source of antioxidant compounds with significant antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Crișan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj- Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manăştur Street, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania.
| | - Oana Raita
- Department of Physics of Nanostructured Materials, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies 65-103, Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Anca Toiu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Radu Oprean
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 L. Pasteur Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Ioan Tilea
- Family Medicine, Department M3 Clinical Sciences Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 38 G. Marinescu Street, Târgu Mures 540139, Romania.
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Zheng W, Zhao T, Feng W, Wang W, Zou Y, Zheng D, Takase M, Li Q, Wu H, Yang L, Wu X. Purification, characterization and immunomodulating activity of a polysaccharide from flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 106:335-42. [PMID: 24721087 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (OFPS11) was obtained from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) flowers using aqueous extraction and purification with DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl™ S-500 column. Its preliminary characterization and immunomodulating activity were investigated. Results showed that OFPS11 is mainly composed of galactose and rhamnose in a molar ratio of 2.23:1 with molecular mass of 1,700 kDa. RAW264.7 cells pretreated with OFPS11 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG-2 cells. Additionally, OFPS11 enhanced the phagocytic ability and induced the elevation of NO production, TNF-α and IL-1β secretion of RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, OFPS11 promoted both the expression of iNOS protein and of iNOS and TNF-α mRNA. OFPS11 can strongly increase NF-κB levels in nucleuses, which is an important transcription factor that can modulate expressions of iNOS, NO and TNF-α. These outcomes support that OFPS11 exerts its antitumor activity by probably stimulating macrophage activities through nuclear NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ye Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daheng Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mohammed Takase
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiyu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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