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Elhaes H, Ibrahim A, Osman O, Ibrahim MA. Molecular modeling analysis for functionalized graphene/sodium alginate composite. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14825. [PMID: 38937511 PMCID: PMC11211416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the functionalization of graphene with easily ionizable elements, such as lithium, and subsequently its interaction with the biopolymer sodium alginate (SA), to highlight its potential for biomedical applications. Utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT), the research comprehensively investigated the structural, electronic, and spectroscopic properties of these graphene-based composites. The electronic properties of functionalized graphene were investigated using DFT at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. Among the various configurations studied, graphene exhibited weak interaction with two lithium atoms, displaying the highest reactivity in terms of total dipole moment (TDM) at 5.967 Debye and a HOMO/LUMO energy gap (ΔE) of 0.748 eV. Electrostatic potential mapping revealed that graphene when enhanced with lithium and three units of SA, exhibited an augmented potential density on its surface, a finding corroborated by other investigated physical properties. Notably, the configuration of graphene/3SA/Li, with weak interaction occurring at two side carbons, demonstrated the highest reactivity with a TDM of 15.509 Debye and ΔE of 0.280 eV. Additionally, a shift in the spectral characteristics of graphene towards lower wavenumbers was observed as lithium and SA interacted with the graphene substrate. The PDOS plot for Graphene/3SA/Li, showed the highest contribution in the HOMO orbitals was equally from lithium, sodium, hydrogen, and oxygen, while the lowest contribution was from carbon. This computational analysis provides comprehensive insights into the functionalized graphene systems, aiding in their further development and optimization for practical biomedical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Elhaes
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11757, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ibrahim
- Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Osama Osman
- Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
- Molecular Modeling and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Medhat A Ibrahim
- Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
- Molecular Modeling and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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2
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Güncüm E, Geyik G, Işıklan N. Magnetic graphene oxide functionalized alginate-g-poly(2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) nanoplatform for near-infrared light/pH/magnetic field-sensitive drug release and chemo/phototherapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124287. [PMID: 38815638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoplatforms developed from natural polymers and graphene oxide (GO) with enhanced biological/physicochemical features have recently attracted attention in the biomedical field. Herein, a new multifunctional near-infrared (NIR) light-, pH- and magnetic field-sensitive hybrid nanoplatform (mGO@AL-g-PHPM@ICG/EP) is developed by combining iron oxide decorated graphene oxide nanosheets (mGO) and poly(2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) grafted alginate (AL-g-PHPM) copolymer loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and etoposide (EP) for chemo/phototherapy. The functional groups, specific crystal structure, size, morphology, and thermal stability of the nanoplatform were fully characterized by XRD, UV, FTIR, AFM/TEM/FE-SEM, VSM, DSC/TG, and BET analyses. In this platform, the mGO and ICG, as phototherapeutic agents, demonstrate excellent thermal effects and singlet oxygen production under NIR-light (808 nm) irradiation. The XRD and DSC analysis confirmed the amorphous state of the ICG/EP in the nanoparticles. In vitro photothermal tests proved that the mGO@AL-g-PHPM@ICG/EP nanoparticles had outstanding light stability and photothermal conversion ability. The in vitro release profiles presented NIR light-, pH- and magnetic field-controlled EP/ICG release behaviors. In vitro experiments demonstrated the excellent antitumor activity of the mGO@AL-g-PHPM@ICG/EP against H1299 tumor cells under NIR laser. Benefiting from its low-cost, facile preparation, and good dual-modal therapy, the mGO@AL-g-PHPM@ICG/EP nanoplatform holds great promise in multi-stimuli-sensitive drug delivery and chemo/phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Güncüm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, 71450 Yahşihan, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Gülcan Geyik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan, 71450 Kırıkkale, Turkey; Alaca Avni Çelik Vocational School, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Nuran Işıklan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan, 71450 Kırıkkale, Turkey.
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3
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Lin X, Shi J, Meng G, Pan Y, Liu Z. Effect of graphene oxide on sodium alginate hydrogel as a carrier triggering release of ibuprofen. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129515. [PMID: 38237826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The design and preparation of safe wound dressings with antibacterial and controlled drug release abilities is valuable in medicine. This research focuses on the fabrication of a hydrogel carrier with graphene oxide (GO)-triggered ibuprofen (IBU) release to control inflammation. The hydrogel was prepared by cross-linking the base polymer sodium alginate (SA) and functionalized GO. The morphology of the gel was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and its structure was analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared reflection (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effects of GO on swelling capacity, IBU release behavior and antibacterial activity were investigated by using the prepared GO/SA hydrogel as a drug carrier and IBU as a drug model. In vitro studies confirmed that the GO/SA hydrogel had good antimicrobial activity and excellent cytotoxicity. The analysis of cumulative IBU release rates revealed that the addition of GO could promote the release of IBU, and the change in GO content did not have a prominent effect on IBU release. At the same time, the rate of IBU release from the GO/SA hydrogel was affected by near-infrared light. Under a light source, the release rate of IBU increased, and the release amount of IBU showed a clear stepwise increase under light on-off conditions. These results suggest that the GO/SA hydrogel could be a potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Jiali Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yusong Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Zhenying Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
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Semenov KN, Ageev SV, Kukaliia ON, Murin IV, Petrov AV, Iurev GO, Andoskin PA, Panova GG, Molchanov OE, Maistrenko DN, Sharoyko VV. Application of carbon nanostructures in biomedicine: realities, difficulties, prospects. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:181-213. [PMID: 38487921 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2327053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The review systematizes data on the wide possibilities of practical application of carbon nanostructures. Much attention is paid to the use of carbon nanomaterials in medicine for the visualization of tumors during surgical interventions, in the creation of cosmetics, as well as in agriculture in the creation of fertilizers. Additionally, we demonstrate trends in research in the field of carbon nanomaterials with a view to elaborating targeted drug delivery systems. We also show the creation of nanosized medicinal substances and diagnostic systems, and the production of new biomaterials. A separate section is devoted to the difficulties in studying carbon nanomaterials. The review is intended for a wide range of readers, as well as for experts in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N Semenov
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Basic Research, A. M. Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei V Ageev
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olegi N Kukaliia
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor V Murin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey V Petrov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Gleb O Iurev
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel A Andoskin
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Gaiane G Panova
- Light Physiology of Plants, Agrophysical Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg E Molchanov
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Basic Research, A. M. Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrii N Maistrenko
- Department of Basic Research, A. M. Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Sharoyko
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Li K, Li J. Application of graphene oxide in tumor targeting and tumor therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2551-2576. [PMID: 37768314 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2265171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), as a kind of two-dimensional sp2 carbon nanomaterials, has attracted great attention in many fields in the past decade. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, GO is showing great promise in the field of biomedicine. For GO, all the atoms on its surface are exposed to the surface with ultra-high specific surface area, and a variety of groups on the surface, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and epoxy groups, can effectively bind/load various biomolecules. Due to the availability of these groups, GO also possesses excellent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility for the modification of the desired biocompatible molecules or polymers on the surface of GO. The nano-network structure and hydrophobicity of GO enable it to load a large number of hydrophobic drugs containing benzene rings and it has been widely used as a multi-functional nano-carrier for chemotherapeutic drug or gene delivery. This review article will give an in-depth overview of the synthesis methods of GO, the advantages and disadvantages of GO used in nano-drug delivery system, the research progress of GO as a stimulus-responsive nano-drug carrier, and the application of these intelligent systems in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yibo Yang
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
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Fathi R, Mohammadi R. Preparation of pH-responsive magnetic nanocomposite hydrogels based on k-carrageenan/chitosan/silver nanoparticles: Antibacterial carrier for potential targeted anticancer drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125546. [PMID: 37355059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development of new pH-responsive drug delivery systems that are important for the treatment of cancer. The Mentha plant extract was obtained and then used for the biosynthesis of magnetic Ag bio nanoparticles (M-Ag bio-NPs). They were added in the formulation of hybrid hydrogel of k-carrageenan (k-Cr) and chitosan (CS) toward the synthesis of magnetic nanocomposite hydrogels. Their chemical structure and morphology were characterized by different analyses. Doxorubicin (DOX) was used as a model anticancer drug to study the targeted drug release behavior of the synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels (loading capacity: about 98 %). In vitro drug release studies showed that the release profile was noticeably controlled in a pH-dependent manner (higher drug release at pH 5). The antibacterial assessment confirmed the high antibacterial activity for the synthesized hydrogel against S. aureus (MIC values 39.06 μg/mL) and E. coli (MIC values > 19.53). In-vitro cytotoxicity results (MTT assay) demonstrated good biocompatibility (higher than 88 %) for the blank nanocomposite hydrogels, while DOX-loaded nanocomposite hydrogels showed high toxicity (about 22 % in the concentration of 20 μg/mL) against HeLa cells. The results showed that the present nanocomposite hydrogels can be suggested for potential application as an antibacterial and anticancer carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Fathi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Sarwar MS, Ghaffar A, Huang Q, Khalid M, Anwar A, Alayoubi AM, Latif M. Controlled drug release contenders comprising starch/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) biodegradable composite films. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124598. [PMID: 37119890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The blending of natural polysaccharides with synthetic polymers has attracted much attention in drug delivery models owing to their remarkable biodegradable and biocompatible characteristics. This study focuses on the facile preparation of a sequence of composite films having Starch/Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (ST/PAH) in different compositions to propose a novel drug delivery system (DDS). ST/PAH blend films were developed and characterized. FT-IR evaluation confirmed the involvement of intermolecular H-bonding between the ST and PAH counterparts in blended films. The water contact angle (WCA) ranged from 71° to 100° indicating that all the films were hydrophobic. TPH-1 (90 % ST and 10 % PAH) was evaluated for in vitro controlled drug release (CDR) at 37 ± 0.5 °C in a time-dependent fashion. CDR was recorded in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and simulated gastric fluid (SGF). In the case of SGF (pH 1.2), the percentile drug release (DR) for TPH-1 was approximately 91 % in 110 min, while the maximum DR was 95 % in 80 min in PBS (pH 7.4) solution. Our results demonstrate that the fabricated biocompatible blend films can be a promising candidate for a sustained-release DDS for oral drug administration, tissue engineering, wound dressings, and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Sarwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan.
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Miraj Khalid
- Fifth Professional, Nishatr Medical University, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Anwar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, University of Engineering &Technology, KSK Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Abdulfatah M Alayoubi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42318, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42318, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Madinah 42318, Saudi Arabia.
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Fang Z, Lu C, Du W, Wang X, Yang H, Shi M, Liu T, Xie Y, Wang S, Xu X, Li H, Wang H, Zheng Y. Injectable self-assembled dual-crosslinked alginate/recombinant collagen-based hydrogel for endometrium regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123943. [PMID: 36889621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The disadvantages of mainstream therapies for endometrial injury are difficult to resolve, herein, we suggest an omnibearing improvement strategy by introducing an injectable multifunctional self-assembled dual-crosslinked sodium alginate/recombinant collagen hydrogel. The hydrogel possessed a reversible and dynamic double network based on dynamic covalent bonds and ionic interactions, which also contributed to excellent capability in viscosity and injectability. Moreover, it was also biodegradable with a suitable speed, giving off active ingredients during the degradation process and eventually disappearing completely. In vitro tests exhibited that the hydrogel was biocompatible and able to enhance endometrial stromal cells viability. These features synergistically promoted cell multiplication and maintenance of endometrial hormone homeostasis, which accelerated endometrial matrix regeneration and structural reconstruction after severe injury in vivo. Furthermore, we explored the interrelation between the hydrogel characteristics, endometrial structure, and postoperative uterine recovery, which would benefit deep research on regulation of uterine repair mechanism and optimization of hydrogel materials. The injectable hydrogel could achieve favourable therapeutic efficacy without the need of exogenous hormones or cells, which would be of clinical value in endometrium regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Fang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjun Du
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huiyi Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Miaojie Shi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yajie Xie
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haihang Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province 610065, China
| | - Hanbi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Yudong Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Release of Bioactive Molecules from Graphene Oxide-Alginate Hybrid Hydrogels: Effect of Crosslinking Method. Mol Vis 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/c9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influence of crosslinking methods on the releasing performance of hybrid hydrogels, we synthesized two systems consisting of Graphene oxide (GO) as a functional element and alginate as polymer counterpart by means of ionic gelation (physical method, HA−GOP) and radical polymerization (chemical method, HA−GOC). Formulations were optimized to maximize the GO content (2.0 and 1.15% for HA−GOP and HA−GOC, respectively) and Curcumin (CUR) was loaded as a model drug at 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% (by weight). The physico-chemical characterization confirmed the homogeneous incorporation of GO within the polymer network and the enhanced thermal stability of hybrid vs. blank hydrogels. The determination of swelling profiles showed a higher swelling degree for HA−GOC and a marked pH responsivity due to the COOH functionalities. Moreover, the application of external voltages modified the water affinity of HA−GOC, while they accelerated the degradation of HA−GOP due to the disruption of the crosslinking points and the partial dissolution of alginate. The evaluation of release profiles, extensively analysed by the application of semi-empirical mathematical models, showed a sustained release from hybrid hydrogels, and the possibility to modulate the releasing amount and rate by electro-stimulation of HA−GOC.
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Yoon JP, Kim DH, Min SG, Kim HM, Choi JH, Lee HJ, Park KH, Kim SS, Chung SW, Yoon SH. Effects of a graphene oxide-alginate sheet scaffold on rotator cuff tendon healing in a rat model. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2022; 30:10225536221125950. [PMID: 36121787 DOI: 10.1177/10225536221125950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural polymer scaffolds used to promote rotator cuff healing have limitations in terms of their mechanical and biochemical properties. This animal study aimed to investigate the effects of combined graphene oxide (GO) and alginate scaffold and the toxicity of GO on rotator cuff healing in a rat model. METHODS First, the mechanical properties of a GO/alginate scaffold and a pure alginate scaffold were compared. The in vitro cytotoxicity of and proliferation of human tenocytes with the GO/alginate scaffold were evaluated by CCK-8 assay. For the in vivo experiment, 20 male rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10 each), and supraspinatus repair was performed: group 1 underwent supraspinatus repair alone, and group 2 underwent supraspinatus repair with the GO/alginate scaffold. Biomechanical and histological analyses were performed to evaluate the quality of tendon-to-bone healing 8 weeks after rotator cuff repair. RESULTS The GO/alginate scaffold exhibited an increased maximum load (p = .001) and tensile strength (p = .001). In the cytotoxicity test, the cell survival rate with the GO/alginate scaffold was 102.08%. The proliferation rate of human tenocytes was no significant difference between the GO/alginate and alginate groups for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Biomechanically, group 2 exhibited a significantly greater ultimate failure load (p < .001), ultimate stress (p < .001), and stiffness (p < .001) than group 1. The histological analysis revealed that the tendon-to-bone interface in group 2 showed more collagen fibers bridging, tendon-to-bone integration, longitudinally oriented collagen fibers, and fibrocartilage formation than in group 1. CONCLUSION A small amount of GO added to alginate improved the mechanical properties of the scaffold without evidence of cytotoxicity. At 8 weeks after rotator cuff repair, the GO/alginate scaffold improved tendon-to-bone healing without causing any signs of toxicity in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Pil Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Gi Min
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hun-Min Kim
- 65672Korea Dyeing & Finishing Technology Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Choi
- Department of Bio-Fibers and Materials Science, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyeong Hyeon Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong Soo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seok Won Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, 34986Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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11
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Rostami E. Recent achievements in sodium alginate-based nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Karton A. π–π interactions between benzene and graphene by means of large-scale DFT-D4 calculations. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arafa EG, Sabaa MW, Mohamed RR, Elzanaty AM, Abdel-Gawad OF. Preparation of biodegradable sodium alginate/carboxymethylchitosan hydrogels for the slow-release of urea fertilizer and their antimicrobial activity. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Ashrafizadeh M, Saebfar H, Gholami MH, Hushmandi K, Zabolian A, Bikarannejad P, Hashemi M, Daneshi S, Mirzaei S, Sharifi E, Kumar AP, Khan H, Heydari Sheikh Hossein H, Vosough M, Rabiee N, Thakur Kumar V, Makvandi P, Mishra YK, Tay FR, Wang Y, Zarrabi A, Orive G, Mostafavi E. Doxorubicin-loaded graphene oxide nanocomposites in cancer medicine: Stimuli-responsive carriers, co-delivery and suppressing resistance. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:355-382. [PMID: 35152815 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2041598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The application of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer therapy has been limited due to its drug resistance and poor internalization. Graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures have the capacity for DOX delivery while promoting its cytotoxicity in cancer. AREAS COVERED The favorable characteristics of GO nanocomposites, preparation method, and application in cancer therapy are described. Then, DOX resistance in cancer is discussed. The GO-mediated photothermal therapy and DOX delivery for cancer suppression are described. Preparation of stimuli-responsive GO nanocomposites, surface functionalization, hybrid nanoparticles, and theranostic applications are emphasized in DOX chemotherapy. EXPERT OPINION Graphene oxide nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy maximizes the anti-cancer activity of DOX against cancer cells. Apart from DOX delivery, GO nanomaterials are capable of loading anti-cancer agents and genetic tools to minimize drug resistance and enhance the cytolytic impact of DOX in cancer eradication. To enhance DOX accumulation in cancer cells, stimuli-responsive (redox-, light-, enzyme- and pH-sensitive) GO nanoparticles have been developed for DOX delivery. Further development of targeted delivery of DOX-loaded GO nanomaterials against cancer cells may be achieved by surface modification of polymers such as polyethylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan. Doxorubicin-loaded GO nanoparticles have demonstrated theranostic potential for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. Hybridization of GO with other nanocarriers such as silica and gold nanoparticles further broadens their potential anti-cancer therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamidreza Saebfar
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Gholami
- DVM. Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Pooria Bikarannejad
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838736 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | | | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Vijay Thakur Kumar
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, U.K.,School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interface, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHUFundación Eduardo Anitua). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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15
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Abdelhalim AO, Semenov KN, Nerukh DA, Murin IV, Maistrenko DN, Molchanov OE, Sharoyko VV. Functionalisation of graphene as a tool for developing nanomaterials with predefined properties. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Aram E, Mehdipour-Ataei S. Carbon-based nanostructured composites for tissue engineering and drug delivery. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1785456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Aram
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Babol, Iran
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17
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Wang X, Han X, Li C, Chen Z, Huang H, Chen J, Wu C, Fan T, Li T, Huang W, Al-Hartomy OA, Al-Ghamdi A, Wageh S, Zheng F, Al-Sehemi AG, Wang G, Xie Z, Zhang H. 2D materials for bone therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113970. [PMID: 34509576 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to their prominent physicochemical properties, 2D materials are broadly applied in biomedicine. Currently, 2D materials have achieved great success in treating many diseases such as cancer and tissue engineering as well as bone therapy. Based on their different characteristics, 2D materials could function in various ways in different bone diseases. Herein, the application of 2D materials in bone tissue engineering, joint lubrication, infection of orthopedic implants, bone tumors, and osteoarthritis are firstly reviewed comprehensively together. Meanwhile, different mechanisms by which 2D materials function in each disease reviewed below are also reviewed in detail, which in turn reveals the versatile functions and application of 2D materials. At last, the outlook on how to further broaden applications of 2D materials in bone therapies based on their excellent properties is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjiang Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianjing Han
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaozhou Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenshuo Wu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Taojian Fan
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Weichun Huang
- Nantong Key Lab of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Omar A Al-Hartomy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swelm Wageh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fei Zheng
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guiqing Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, PR China; Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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18
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Magne TM, de Oliveira Vieira T, Alencar LMR, Junior FFM, Gemini-Piperni S, Carneiro SV, Fechine LMUD, Freire RM, Golokhvast K, Metrangolo P, Fechine PBA, Santos-Oliveira R. Graphene and its derivatives: understanding the main chemical and medicinal chemistry roles for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF NANOSTRUCTURE IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 12:693-727. [PMID: 34512930 PMCID: PMC8419677 DOI: 10.1007/s40097-021-00444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a growing potential use of graphene and its derivatives in several biomedical areas, such as drug delivery systems, biosensors, and imaging systems, especially for having excellent optical, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. Therefore, nanomaterials in the graphene family have shown promising results in several areas of science. The different physicochemical properties of graphene and its derivatives guide its biocompatibility and toxicity. Hence, further studies to explain the interactions of these nanomaterials with biological systems are fundamental. This review has shown the applicability of the graphene family in several biomedical modalities, with particular attention for cancer therapy and diagnosis, as a potent theranostic. This ability is derivative from the considerable number of forms that the graphene family can assume. The graphene-based materials biodistribution profile, clearance, toxicity, and cytotoxicity, interacting with biological systems, are discussed here, focusing on its synthesis methodology, physicochemical properties, and production quality. Despite the growing increase in the bioavailability and toxicity studies of graphene and its derivatives, there is still much to be unveiled to develop safe and effective formulations. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais Monteiro Magne
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Rio de Janeiro, 21941906 Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Magalhães Rebelo Alencar
- Biophysics and Nanosystems Laboratory, Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão 65080805 Brazil
| | - Francisco Franciné Maia Junior
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN 59625-900 Brazil
| | - Sara Gemini-Piperni
- Laboratory of Advanced Science, Universidade Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25071-202 Brazil
| | - Samuel V. Carneiro
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat)-Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic-Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará-Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará 60451-970 Brazil
| | - Lillian M. U. D. Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat)-Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic-Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará-Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará 60451-970 Brazil
| | - Rafael M. Freire
- Institute of Applied Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 8910060 Santiago, Chile
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, School of Engineering, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico Di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierre B. A. Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat)-Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic-Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará-Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará 60451-970 Brazil
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Rio de Janeiro, 21941906 Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy and Synthesis of Radiopharmaceuticals, Zona Oeste State University, Av Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 200, Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, 2100000 Brazil
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19
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Liu L, Ma Q, Cao J, Gao Y, Han S, Liang Y, Zhang T, Song Y, Sun Y. Recent progress of graphene oxide-based multifunctional nanomaterials for cancer treatment. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the last decade, graphene oxide-based nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have attracted more and more attention in the field of biomedicine. Due to the versatile surface functionalization, ultra-high surface area, and excellent biocompatibility of graphene oxide-based nanomaterials, which hold better promise for potential applications than among other nanomaterials in biomedical fields including drug/gene delivery, biomolecules detection, tissue engineering, especially in cancer treatment.
Results
Here, we review the recent progress of graphene oxide-based multifunctional nanomaterials for cancer treatment. A comprehensive and in-depth depiction of unique property of graphene oxide-based multifunctional nanomaterials is first interpreted, with particular descriptions about the suitability for applying in cancer therapy. Afterward, recently emerging representative applications of graphene oxide-based multifunctional nanomaterials in antitumor therapy, including as an ideal carrier for drugs/genes, phototherapy, and bioimaging, are systematically summarized. Then, the biosafety of the graphene oxide-based multifunctional nanomaterials is reviewed.
Conclusions
Finally, the conclusions and perspectives on further advancing the graphene oxide-based multifunctional nanomaterials toward potential and versatile development for fundamental researches and nanomedicine are proposed.
Graphic abstract
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20
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Formation and Investigation of Physicochemical, Biological and Bacteriostatic Properties of Nanocomposite Foils Containing Silver Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide in Hyaluronic Acid Matrix. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123377. [PMID: 34207190 PMCID: PMC8234901 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides, including hyaluronic acid, find a wide range of applications in biomedical sciences. There is a growing interest in nanocomposites containing hyaluronic acid and nanoparticles such as nanometals or graphene. In this study, we prepared foils of pure sodium hyaluronate and sodium hyaluronate containing nanosilver, graphene oxide, nanosilver/graphene oxide and characterized their properties. UV-vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of 10–20 nm silver nanoparticles. The structural changes were investigated using Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectra and size exclusion chromatography. The obtained results suggest changes in molecular weights in the samples containing nanoparticles, which was highest in a sample containing nanosilver/graphene oxide. We also assessed the mechanical properties of the foils (thickness, tensile strength and elongation at break) and their wettability. The foils containing nanosilver and nanosilver/graphene oxide presented bacteriostatic activity against E. coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp., which was not observed in the control and sample containing graphene oxide. The composites containing graphene oxide and nanosilver/graphene oxide exhibited a cytotoxic effect on human melanoma WM266-4 cell lines (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).
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21
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Carboxymethylcellulose/polyacrylic acid/starch-modified Fe3O4 interpenetrating magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel beads as pH-sensitive carrier for oral anticancer drug delivery system. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Lakkakula JR, Gujarathi P, Pansare P, Tripathi S. A comprehensive review on alginate-based delivery systems for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agent: Doxorubicin. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117696. [PMID: 33673985 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline drug, is widely used for the treatment of several cancers like osteosarcoma, cervical carcinoma, breast cancer, etc. DOX lacks target specificity; thereby it also affects normal cells thus resulting in several side-effects. A drug delivery system (DDS) can be used to deliver the drug in a controlled and sustained manner at a targeted site within the body. Various DDS like nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, and liposomes are used for loading DOX. Alginate, a polysaccharide is widely used for fabricating DDS due to its biodegradable and bio-compatible properties. Alginates, in combination with other biomaterials, have been extensively used as a novel drug delivery carrier for DOX. Alginate provides a platform for drug delivery in different forms like hydrogels, nanogels, nanoparticles, microparticles, graphene oxide systems, magnetic systems, etc. Herein, we briefly describe alginate in combination with other materials as a nanocarrier for targeted delivery of DOX for anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya R Lakkakula
- Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai - Pune Expressway, Bhatan Post - Somathne, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410206, India.
| | - Pratik Gujarathi
- Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai - Pune Expressway, Bhatan Post - Somathne, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410206, India
| | - Prachi Pansare
- Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai - Pune Expressway, Bhatan Post - Somathne, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410206, India
| | - Swastika Tripathi
- Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai - Pune Expressway, Bhatan Post - Somathne, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410206, India
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Pooresmaeil M, Namazi H, Salehi R. Simple method for fabrication of metal-organic framework within a carboxymethylcellulose/graphene quantum dots matrix as a carrier for anticancer drug. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2301-2311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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Yun TH, Ahn G, Choi I, Bae Y, Hwang K, Kang S, Choi S. Fabrication of nanodiamonds modified with hyaluronic acid and chlorin e6 for selective photothermal and photodynamic tumor therapy. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Yun
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Guk‐Young Ahn
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Inseong Choi
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon‐Ju Bae
- Nano Oil‐chemical Division DAT Advanced Material Co. Ltd. Dangjin‐si Chungcheongnam‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Keum‐Cheol Hwang
- Nano Oil‐chemical Division DAT Advanced Material Co. Ltd. Dangjin‐si Chungcheongnam‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Suk‐Hoon Kang
- Nuclear Materials Division Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Wook Choi
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
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Ghalkhani M, Kaya SI, Bakirhan NK, Ozkan Y, Ozkan SA. Application of Nanomaterials in Development of Electrochemical Sensors and Drug Delivery Systems for Anticancer Drugs and Cancer Biomarkers. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:481-503. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1808442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Ghalkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sariye Irem Kaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurgul K. Bakirhan
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Ozkan
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhang H, Fan T, Chen W, Li Y, Wang B. Recent advances of two-dimensional materials in smart drug delivery nano-systems. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:1071-1086. [PMID: 32695937 PMCID: PMC7363990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart drug delivery nano-systems show significant changes in their physical or chemical properties in response to slight change in environmental physical and/or chemical signals, and further releasing drugs adjusted to the progression of the disease at the right target and rate intelligently. Two-dimensional materials possess dramatic status extend all over various scientific and technological disciplines by reason of their exceptional unique properties in application of smart drug delivery nano-systems. In this review, we summarized current progress to highlight various kinds of two-dimensional materials drug carriers which are widely explored in smart drug delivery systems as well as classification of stimuli responsive two-dimensional materials and the advantages and disadvantages of their applications. Consequently, we anticipate that this review might inspire the development of new two-dimensional materials with smart drug delivery systems, and deepen researchers' understanding of smart nano-carries based on two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Taojian Fan
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science &Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science &Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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27
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Carboxymethylcellulose-coated 5-fluorouracil@MOF-5 nano-hybrid as a bio-nanocomposite carrier for the anticancer oral delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:876-882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Eckhart KE, Holt BD, Laurencin MG, Sydlik SA. Covalent conjugation of bioactive peptides to graphene oxide for biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:3876-3885. [PMID: 31309944 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00867e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a valuable material in biomedical implant applications due to its mechanical integrity, long-range order, and conductivity; but graphene must be chemically modified to increase biocompatibility and maximize functionality in the body. Here, we developed a foundational synthetic method for covalently functionalizing a reduced GO with bioactive molecules, focusing on synthetic peptides that have shown osteogenic or neurogenic capability as a prototypical example. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy provides evidence that the peptide is covalently linked to the graphenic backbone. These peptide-graphene (Pep-G) conjugate materials can be processed into mechanically robust, three-dimensional constructs. Differences in their electrostatic charges allow the Pep-G conjugates to form self-assembled, layer-by-layer coatings. Further, the Pep-G conjugates are cytocompatible and electrically conductive, leading us to investigate their potential as regenerative scaffolds, as conductive surfaces can stimulate bone and nerve regeneration. Notably, PC12 cells grown on an electrically stimulated Pep-G scaffold demonstrated enhanced adhesion and neurite outgrowth compared to the control. The functionalization strategy developed here can be used to conjugate a wide variety of bioactive molecules to graphene oxide to create cell-instructive surfaces for biomedical scaffold materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline E Eckhart
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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29
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Ziaaddini V, Saeidifar M, Eslami-Moghadam M, Saberi M, Mozafari M. Improvement of efficacy and decrement cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin anticancer drug using bovine serum albumin nanoparticles: synthesis, characterisation and release behaviour. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:105-111. [PMID: 31935686 PMCID: PMC8676461 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2019.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
To sustained release of an anticancer drug, oxaliplatin (OX), a non-toxic and biocompatible nanocarrier based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) were synthesised by desolvation method and characterised using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering. The results showed that the BSA nanoparticles (BSANPs) with a mean magnitude of 187.9 ± 1.2 nm have spherical morphology with a smooth surface and a uniform distribution. Furthermore, OX was loaded onto the BSANPs and the loading was confirmed by FTIR, AFM and FESEM techniques. The percentage of encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were determined by absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis). The drug release studies showed that release of OX from BSANPs exhibited slower release rate. However, the release kinetics followed the first-order kinetic for both of them with the non-Fickian release behaviour. The electrochemical analysis showed stability of OX loaded onto the BSANPs (OX@BSANPs) and confirmed the diffusion mechanism. Furthermore, the results of MTT assay revealed increasing of normal cell viability and cancer cell death in the OX@BSANPs compared to only OX. It was shown that the BSANPs could be safely used as a biocompatible nanocarrier for the sustained release of OX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ziaaddini
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Saeidifar
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | - Mandana Saberi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
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30
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Biomedical application of graphene: From drug delivery, tumor therapy, to theranostics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Yun Y, Wu H, Gao J, Dai W, Deng L, Lv O, Kong Y. Facile synthesis of Ca 2+-crosslinked sodium alginate/graphene oxide hybrids as electro- and pH-responsive drug carrier. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110380. [PMID: 31924053 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The design of stimuli-responsive drug carrier for controlled drug release is of significant importance in pharmaceutics, medicine and biology. Here, sodium alginate (SA) was integrated with graphene oxide (GO) by using Ca2+ as the crosslinker. The resultant SA-Ca2+-GO composites were freeze-dried to produce SA-Ca2+-GO hybrids, which were then examined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The SA-Ca2+-GO hybrids were used as the drug carrier of methotrexate (MTX), and electro- and pH-responsive release of MTX was successfully achieved due to the excellent conductive ability of GO and the pH-sensitive property of SA. Finally, Higuchi model was employed to investigate the release kinetics of MTX from the SA-Ca2+-GO hybrids, and the results indicate that the release of MTX is controlled by Fickian diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Yun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213011, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ouyang Lv
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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32
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Chen G, Luo J, Cai M, Qin L, Wang Y, Gao L, Huang P, Yu Y, Ding Y, Dong X, Yin X, Ni J. Investigation of Metal-Organic Framework-5 (MOF-5) as an Antitumor Drug Oridonin Sustained Release Carrier. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183369. [PMID: 31527488 PMCID: PMC6767262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oridonin (ORI) is a natural active ingredient with strong anticancer activity. But its clinical use is restricted due to its poor water solubility, short half-life, and low bioavailability. The aim of this study is to utilize the metal organic framework material MOF-5 to load ORI in order to improve its release characteristics and bioavailability. Herein, MOF-5 was synthesized by the solvothermal method and direct addition method, and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), respectively. MOF-5 prepared by the optimal synthesis method was selected for drug-loading and in vitro release experiments. HepG2 cells were model cells. MTT assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and Annexin V/PI assay were used to detect the biological safety of blank carriers and the anticancer activity of drug-loaded materials. The results showed that nano-MOF-5 prepared by the direct addition method had complete structure, uniform size and good biocompatibility, and was suitable as an ORI carrier. The drug loading of ORI@MOF-5 was 52.86% ± 0.59%. The sustained release effect was reliable, and the cumulative release rate was about 87% in 60 h. ORI@MOF-5 had significant cytotoxicity (IC50:22.99 μg/mL) and apoptosis effect on HepG2 cells. ORI@MOF-5 is hopeful to become a new anticancer sustained release preparation. MOF-5 has significant potential as a drug carrier material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongsen Chen
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Juyuan Luo
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Mengru Cai
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Liuying Qin
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Yibo Wang
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Lili Gao
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Pingqing Huang
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Yingchao Yu
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Yangming Ding
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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33
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Purohit SD, Bhaskar R, Singh H, Yadav I, Gupta MK, Mishra NC. Development of a nanocomposite scaffold of gelatin–alginate–graphene oxide for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:592-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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34
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Puvirajesinghe TM, Zhi ZL, Craster RV, Guenneau S. Tailoring drug release rates in hydrogel-based therapeutic delivery applications using graphene oxide. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2017.0949. [PMID: 29445040 PMCID: PMC5832740 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is increasingly used for controlling mass diffusion in hydrogel-based drug delivery applications. On the macro-scale, the density of GO in the hydrogel is a critical parameter for modulating drug release. Here, we investigate the diffusion of a peptide drug through a network of GO membranes and GO-embedded hydrogels, modelled as porous matrices resembling both laminated and ‘house of cards’ structures. Our experiments use a therapeutic peptide and show a tunable nonlinear dependence of the peptide concentration upon time. We establish models using numerical simulations with a diffusion equation accounting for the photo-thermal degradation of fluorophores and an effective percolation model to simulate the experimental data. The modelling yields an interpretation of the control of drug diffusion through GO membranes, which is extended to the diffusion of the peptide in GO-embedded agarose hydrogels. Varying the density of micron-sized GO flakes allows for fine control of the drug diffusion. We further show that both GO density and size influence the drug release rate. The ability to tune the density of hydrogel-like GO membranes to control drug release rates has exciting implications to offer guidelines for tailoring drug release rates in hydrogel-based therapeutic delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Puvirajesinghe
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Z L Zhi
- Diabetes Research Group, King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - R V Craster
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK.,CNRS-Imperial "Abraham de Moivre" Unité Mixte Internationale, London, UK
| | - S Guenneau
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
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35
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Malekimusavi H, Ghaemi A, Masoudi G, Chogan F, Rashedi H, Yazdian F, Omidi M, Javadi S, Haghiralsadat BF, Teimouri M, Faal Hamedani N. Graphene oxide‐
l
‐arginine nanogel: A pH‐sensitive fluorouracil nanocarrier. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:772-780. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Malekimusavi
- Department of Biotechnology School of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - AmirHossein Ghaemi
- Department of Life Science Engineering Faculty of New Science and Technologies University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Ghasem Masoudi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Faraz Chogan
- Department of Life Science Engineering Faculty of New Science and Technologies University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Rashedi
- Department of Biotechnology School of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering Faculty of New Science and Technologies University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Meisam Omidi
- Protein Research Centre Shahid Beheshti University Velenjak Tehran Iran
- Marquette University School of Dentistry Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Shohreh Javadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Bibi Fatemeh Haghiralsadat
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies School of Paramedicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Masoumeh Teimouri
- Department of Life Science Engineering Faculty of New Science and Technologies University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Naghmeh Faal Hamedani
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Valisar Tehran Branch Technical and Vocational University Tehran Iran
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36
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Lagoa R, Silva J, Rodrigues JR, Bishayee A. Advances in phytochemical delivery systems for improved anticancer activity. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 38:107382. [PMID: 30978386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds have significant anticancer pharmacological activities, but often suffer from low bioavailability and selectivity that limit therapeutic use. The present work critically analyzes the latest advances on drug delivery systems designed to enhance pharmacokinetics, targeting, cellular uptake and efficacy of anticancer phytoconstituents. Various phytochemicals, including flavonoids, resveratrol, celastrol, curcumin, berberine and camptothecins, carried by liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions and films showed promising results. Strategies to avoid drug metabolism, overcome physiological barriers and achieve higher concentration at cancer sites through skin, buccal, nasal, vaginal, pulmonary and colon targeted delivery are presented. Current limitations, challenges and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lagoa
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal.
| | - João Silva
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Rui Rodrigues
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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37
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Chen J, Lv L, Li Y, Ren X, Luo H, Gao Y, Yan H, Li Y, Qu Y, Yang L, Li X, Zeng R. Preparation and evaluation of Bletilla striata polysaccharide/graphene oxide composite hemostatic sponge. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:827-835. [PMID: 30807800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled bleeding is an important cause of military and civilian casualties. GO has received more attention in the field of hemostasis. However, pure GO has various limitation in application due to its potential thrombosis, hemolytic and cytotoxicity. Herein, we present a simple, rapid and low-cost method to combine GO and natural polysaccharides by hydrogen bonding to prepare a new material Bletilla striata polysaccharide/graphene oxide composite sponge (BGCS). The BGCS was successfully synthesized and characterized by SEM, IR, RAMAN, XRD and Zeta potential analyzer analysis. The BGCS exhibited favorable biocompatibility. Besides, the porosity of BGCS was higher than 90% and showed good water absorption capacity. The results of whole blood coagulation evaluation showed that the BGCS can promote blood coagulation within 30 s without anticoagulant, showing excellent hemostatic effect. Further coagulation mechanism studies indicated that the surface of the BGCS possessed a high charge (-27.3 ± 0.9 mV) and showed strong platelet stimulation, the BGCS can also induce red blood cell aggregation, accelerate fibrin formation and accelerate blood coagulation. Therefore, the BGCS can stop bleeding within 50 s in rat-tail amputation models. The BGCS provides a new perspective for the safe application of GO in the field of trauma hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luyang Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hao Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanping Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hengxiu Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Rui Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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38
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Zhang J, Chen L, Chen J, Zhang Q, Feng J. Stability, Cellular Uptake, and in Vivo Tracking of Zwitterion Modified Graphene Oxide as a Drug Carrier. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1495-1502. [PMID: 30089359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel kind of zwitterion modified graphene oxide (GO) for promoting stability and reducing aggregation of GO as a drug carrier was proposed and demonstrated. Specifically, the GO was functionalized with a kind of zwitterion based silane, 3-(dimethyl(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-ammonio)propane-1-sulfonate (SBS). After zwitterion modification, the SBS functionalized GO (GO-SB) shows significantly enhanced stability in both serum-free and serum-containing solution, especially after loading doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). According to drug release profiles, the drug-loaded GO-SB exhibits thermosensitive and sustained release behavior. Meanwhile, in vitro studies show that the DOX loaded GO-SB could be easily internalized by HepG2 cells and exhibit obvious cytotoxicity on the cells. And, in vivo studies demonstrate that the GO-SB drug carrier is capable of being taken by the larvae of zebrafish and can be eliminated from the body within several days.
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Green one-pot synthesis of carboxymethylcellulose/Zn-based metal-organic framework/graphene oxide bio-nanocomposite as a nanocarrier for drug delivery system. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 208:294-301. [PMID: 30658803 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present work is to improve the solubility, surface charged and capacity of drug loading of graphene oxide (GO) by modification of GO with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and Zinc-based metal-organic framework (MOF-5) to realize and control accurately the release manner. To achieve this aim, carboxymethylcellulose/Zinc-based metal-organic framework/graphene oxide bio-nanocomposite (CMC/MOF-5/GO) as a new drug delivery system was synthesized in one-pot through the solvothermal technique. The prepared CMC/MOF-5/GO was characterized and used as a carrier to encapsulate the doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug. The obtained compounds were characterized using SEM, AFM, XRD, FTIR, EDX spectroscopy, BET and Zeta potentials-DLS analysis. The AFM images of GO and CMC/MOF-5/GO illustrated that the sheet thickness of GO was around 30 nm, which increased to ˜80 nm after modification with CMC and MOF-5.In addition, the drug delivery evaluation showed that the DOX-loaded bio-nanocomposites enhanced anticancer properties. Under tumor cell microenvironment at pH 5, the DOX release rate was significantly higher than that under physiological conditions at pH 7.4. The MTT results showed that DOX@CMC/MOF-5/GO exhibits notable cytotoxicity to K562 cells. The resulted bio-nanocomposite showed that this carrier system could be potentially used in anticancer drug delivery systems.
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40
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Farnaz R, Maryam S, Masoumeh J, Parvaneh S. Colloidal HSA – Graphene oxide nanosheets for sustained release of oxaliplatin: Preparation, release mechanism, cytotoxicity and electrochemical approaches. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Ren L, Pan S, Li H, Li Y, He L, Zhang S, Che J, Niu Y. Effects of aspirin-loaded graphene oxide coating of a titanium surface on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15143. [PMID: 30310118 PMCID: PMC6181949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted considerable attention for biomedical applications such as drug delivery because of its two-dimensional structure, which provides a large surface area on both sides of the nanosheet. Here, a new method for titanium (Ti) surface modification involving a GO coating and aspirin (A) loading (A/Ti-GO) was developed, and the bioactive effects on mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were preliminarily studied. The X-ray photoelectron spectrometry indicated new C-O-N, C-Si-O-C, and C-N=C bond formation upon GO coating. Remarkably, the torsion test results showed stable bonding between the GO coating and Ti under a torsional shear force found in clinical settings, in that, there was no tearing or falling off of GO coating from the sample surface. More importantly, through π-π stacking interactions, the release of aspirin loaded on the surface of Ti-GO could sustain for 3 days. Furthermore, the A/Ti-GO surface displayed a significantly higher proliferation rate and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells into osteoblasts, which was confirmed by a water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 (WST-8) assay and alkaline phosphatase activity test. Consequently, Ti surface modification involving GO coating and aspirin loading might be a useful contribution to improve the success rate of Ti implants in patients, especially in bone conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shuang Pan
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.,Oral Biomedical Research institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Haiqing Li
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, No. 82 Zhongshan Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150036, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lina He
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jingyi Che
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yumei Niu
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China. .,Oral Biomedical Research institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 143 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
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42
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Liu J, Dong J, Zhang T, Peng Q. Graphene-based nanomaterials and their potentials in advanced drug delivery and cancer therapy. J Control Release 2018; 286:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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43
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Abureesh MA, Oladipo AA, Mizwari ZM, Berksel E. Engineered mixed oxide-based polymeric composites for enhanced antimicrobial activity and sustained release of antiretroviral drug. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:417-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gopi S, Amalraj A, Sukumaran NP, Haponiuk JT, Thomas S. Biopolymers and Their Composites for Drug Delivery: A Brief Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201800114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreeraj Gopi
- R&D Centre; Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd, Kolenchery; Cochin 682311 Kerala India
- Chemical Faculty; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdańsk Poland
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Priyadarshini Hills P. O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
| | - Augustine Amalraj
- R&D Centre; Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd, Kolenchery; Cochin 682311 Kerala India
| | | | | | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Priyadarshini Hills P. O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
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Development of biopolymers based interpenetrating polymeric network of capecitabine: A drug delivery vehicle to extend the release of the model drug. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:907-919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Nanocomposite Bead (NCB) Based on Bio-polymer Alginate Caged Magnetic Graphene Oxide Synthesized for Adsorption and Preconcentration of Lead(II) and Copper(II) Ions from Urine, Saliva and Water Samples. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-018-0900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Doxorubicin loaded carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene quantum dot nanocomposite hydrogel films as a potential anticancer drug delivery system. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 87:50-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Li D, Gao D, Qi J, Chai R, Zhan Y, Xing C. Conjugated Polymer/Graphene Oxide Complexes for Photothermal Activation of DNA Unzipping and Binding to Protein. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Korucu H, Şimşek B, Yartaşı A. A TOPSIS-Based Taguchi Design to Investigate Optimum Mixture Proportions of Graphene Oxide Powder Synthesized by Hummers Method. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-3184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Veerla SC, Kim DR, Yang SY. Fabrication of a microfluidic device for studying the in situ drug-loading/release behavior of graphene oxide-encapsulated hydrogel beads. Biomater Res 2018; 22:7. [PMID: 29564150 PMCID: PMC5851251 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-018-0119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controlled drug delivery system is highly important for not only prolonged the efficacy of drug but also cellular development for tissue engineering. A number of biopolymer composites and nanostructured carriers behave been used for the controlled drug delivery of therapeutics. Recently, in vitro microfluidic devices that mimic the human body have been developed for drug-delivery applications. Methods A microfluidic channel was fabricated via a two-step process: (i) polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) and curing agent were poured with a 10:2 mass ratio onto an acrylic mold with two steel pipes, and (ii) calcium alginate beads were synthesized using sodium alginate and calcium chloride solutions. Different amounts (10, 25, 50 μg) of graphene oxide (GO) were then added by Hummers method, and studies on the encapsulation and release of the model drug, risedronate (Ris), were performed using control hydrogel beads (pH 6.3), GO-containing beads (10GO, 25GO and 50GO), and different pH conditions. MC3T3 osteoblastic cells were cultured in a microchannel with Ris-loaded GO-hydrogel beads, and their proliferation, viability, attachment and spreading were assessed for a week. Results The spongy and textured morphology of pristine hydrogel beads was converted to flowery and rod-shaped structures in drug-loaded hydrogel beads at reduced pH (6.3) and at a lower concentration (10 μg) of GO. These latter 10GO drug-loaded beads rapidly released their cargo owing to the calcium phosphate deposited on the surface. Notably, beads containing a higher amount of GO (50GO) exhibited an extended drug-release profile. We further found that MC3T3 cells proliferated continuously in vitro in the microfluidic channel containing the GO-hydrogel system. MTT and live/dead assays showed similar proliferative potential of MC3T3 cells. Therefore, a microfluidic device with microchannels containing hydrogel beads formulated with different amounts of GO and tested under various pH conditions could be a promising system for controlled drug release. Conclusions The GO and drug (risedronate, Rig) were directed loaded into a hydrogel placed in a microchannel. Through interactions such as hydrogen bonding between Go and the Rig-loaded GO-hydrogel beads, the bead-loaded microfluidic device supported MC3T3 proliferation and development as osteoblast without additional osteogenic differentiation supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Chandra Veerla
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Da Reum Kim
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Sung Yun Yang
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
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