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Han MM, Fan YK, Zhang Y, Dong ZQ. Advances in herbal polysaccharides-based nano-drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. J Drug Target 2024; 32:311-324. [PMID: 38269853 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2309661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The boom in cancer immunotherapy has provided many patients with a better chance of survival, but opportunities often come with challenges. Single immunotherapy is not good enough to eradicate tumours, and often fails to achieve the desired therapeutic effect because of the low targeting of immunotherapy drugs, and causes more side effects. As a solution to this problem, researchers have developed several nano Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) to deliver immunotherapeutic agents to achieve good therapeutic outcomes. However, traditional drug delivery systems (DDS) have disadvantages such as poor bioavailability, high cytotoxicity, and difficulty in synthesis, etc. Herbal Polysaccharides (HPS), derived from natural Chinese herbs, inherently possess low toxicity. Furthermore, the biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, ease of modification, and immunomodulatory activities of HPS offer unique advantages in substituting traditional DDS. This review initially addresses the current developments and challenges in immunotherapy. Subsequently, it focuses on the immunomodulatory mechanisms of HPS and their design as nanomedicines for targeted drug delivery in tumour immunotherapy. Our findings reveal that HPS-based nanomedicines exhibit significant potential in enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, providing crucial theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Kai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicinal Herbs, IMPLAD, ABRC & ACCL, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Qi Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicinal Herbs, IMPLAD, ABRC & ACCL, Beijing, China
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2
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Liu J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wu Z, Cui Z, Pan X, Zheng Y, Wang J, Wang K, Zhang Y. Intestinal lymphatic transport of Smilax china L. pectic polysaccharide via Peyer's patches and its uptake and transport mechanisms in mononuclear phagocytes. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122256. [PMID: 38823922 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the intestinal lymphatic transport based on Peyer's patches (PPs) is emerging as a promising absorption pathway for natural polysaccharides. Herein, the aim of this study is to investigate the PP-based oral absorption of a pectic polysaccharide from Smilax china L. (SCLP), as well as its uptake and transport mechanisms in related immune cells. Taking advantages of the traceability of fluorescently labeled SCLP, we confirmed that SCLP could be absorbed into PPs and captured by their mononuclear phagocytes (dendritic cells and macrophages) following oral administration. Subsequently, the systematic in vitro study suggested that the endocytic mechanisms of SCLP by model mononuclear phagocytes (BMDCs and RAW264.7 cells) mainly involved caveolae-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis and phagocytosis. More importantly, SCLP directly binds and interacts with toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and galectin 3 (Gal-3) receptor, and was taken up by mononuclear phagocytes in receptor-mediated manner. After internalization, SCLP was intracellularly transported primarily through endolysosomal pathway and ultimately localized in lysosomes. In summary, this work reveals novel information and perspectives about the in vivo fate of SCLP, which will contribute to further research and utilization of SCLP and other pectic polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglin Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Yuheng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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Abubakar AS, Ahmad B, Ahmad N, Liu L, Liu B, Qu Y, Chen J, Chen P, Zhao H, Chen J, Chen K, Gao G, Zhu A. Physicochemical evaluation, structural characterization, in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of water-soluble polysaccharides from Luobuma (Apocynum L.) tea. Food Chem 2024; 460:140453. [PMID: 39067428 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Luobuma tea is made from the leaves of Apocynum hendersonii (Bt) and A. venetum (Ht) and has been used for a very long time in China and Japan as herbal tea. This study isolated water-soluble polysaccharides from the two species` teas. Physicochemical properties, structural properties, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were determined for the first time. The results showed that the Bt and Ht polysaccharides with molecular weights of 31.21 and 49.11 kDa, respectively, composed of arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, glucose, xylose, fucose, and mannose. A dose-dependent nitric oxide production and interleukin-6 inhibitory effects were obtained. Also, they suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 mRNA in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Likewise, Bt and Ht have significantly reduced edema in the paws of mice after carrageenan injection. These results suggested that the Luobuma teas polysaccharides can be explored as potential antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, PMB, 3011, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Nabi Ahmad
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yatong Qu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Haohan Zhao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China.
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Zou M, Lei C, Huang D, Liu L, Han Y. Application of plant-derived products as adjuvants for immune activation and vaccine development. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00756-4. [PMID: 38987109 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most important means to prevent and control the epidemic of infectious diseases. Commercial vaccines not only include corresponding antigens, but also need vaccine adjuvants. Immune adjuvants play an increasingly important role in the research, development and manufacture of vaccines. Adjuvants combined with antigens can improve the stability, safety and immune efficiency of vaccines. Some substances that can enhance the immune response have been found in nature(mainly plants) and used as adjuvants in vaccines to improve the immune effect of vaccines. These plant-derived immune adjuvants often have the advantages of low toxicity, high stability, low price, etc., providing more possibilities for vaccine development. We summarized and analyzed the advantages, application research, particulate delivery systems, existing problems and future research focus of botanical adjuvant. It is hoped to provide new ideas for the research and development of immune adjuvants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manshu Zou
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Chang Lei
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yuanshan Han
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha 410007, China.
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He Z, Liu X, Qin S, Yang Q, Na J, Xue Z, Zhong L. Anticancer Mechanism of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Its Application in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:636. [PMID: 38794206 PMCID: PMC11124422 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) derived from A. membranaceus plays a crucial role in traditional Chinese medicine. These polysaccharides have shown antitumor effects and are considered safe. Thus, they have become increasingly important in cancer immunotherapy. APS can limit the spread of cancer by influencing immune cells, promoting cell death, triggering cancer cell autophagy, and impacting the tumor microenvironment. When used in combination with other therapies, APS can enhance treatment outcomes and reduce toxicity and side effects. APS combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, relay cellular immunotherapy, and cancer vaccines have broadened the application of cancer immunotherapy and enhanced treatment effectiveness. By summarizing the research on APS in cancer immunotherapy over the past two decades, this review elaborates on the anticancer mechanism of APS and its use in cancer immunotherapy and clinical trials. Considering the multiple roles of APS, this review emphasizes the importance of using APS as an adjunct to cancer immunotherapy and compares other polysaccharides with APS. This discussion provides insights into the specific mechanism of action of APS, reveals the molecular targets of APS for developing effective clinical strategies, and highlights the wide application of APS in clinical cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Simin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Qun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Jintong Na
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Zhigang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Liping Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Liu W, Li K, Zhang H, Li Y, Lin Z, Xu J, Guo Y. An antitumor arabinan from Glehnia littoralis activates immunity and inhibits angiogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130242. [PMID: 38368974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Glehnia littoralis is an edible plant with significant medicinal value. To further elucidate the potential functional components for developing antitumor agents or functional foods, the polysaccharides in this plant were investigated, and a homogeneous polysaccharide, GLP90-2, was obtained through extraction and ethanol precipitation. By employing methylation, GC-MS, FT-IR, and NMR analysis, GLP90-2 was identified as an arabinan having a molecular weight of 7.76 × 103 g/mol and consisting of three types of residues: α-l-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, and →3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→. The subsequent functional analysis revealed that GLP90-2 suppressed tumor development and metastasis in a zebrafish model. Mechanistic studies have shown that GLP90-2 promoted the maturation of DC2.4 cells and macrophages and enhanced the expression of immune-related cytokines, which may be attributed to the interaction between GLP90-2 and TLR-4. Additionally, GLP90-2 exhibited a strong interaction with PD-1, contributing to the activation of immunity. Furthermore, GLP90-2 suppressed angiogenesis in the transgenic zebrafish model, and this impact may be ascribed to the modulation of the VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway. All the results indicate that GLP90-2 demonstrates a strong tumor immunotherapy effect in vivo and has high potential for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
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Cheng M, Shi Y, Cheng Y, Hu H, Liu S, Xu Y, He L, Hu S, Lu Y, Chen F, Li J, Si H. Mulberry leaf polysaccharide improves cyclophosphamide-induced growth inhibition and intestinal damage in chicks by modulating intestinal flora, enhancing immune regulation and antioxidant capacity. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1382639. [PMID: 38577686 PMCID: PMC10991686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1382639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are generally considered to have immune enhancing functions, and mulberry leaf polysaccharide is the main active substance in mulberry leaves, while there are few studies on whether mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) has an effect on immunosuppression and intestinal damage caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX), we investigated whether MLP has an ameliorative effect on intestinal damage caused by CTX. A total of 210 1-day-old Mahuang cocks were selected for this experiment. Were equally divided into six groups and used to evaluate the immune effect of MLP. Our results showed that MLP significantly enhanced the growth performance of chicks and significantly elevated the secretion of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), immunoglobulins and antioxidant enzymes in the serum of immunosuppressed chicks. It attenuated jejunal damage and elevated the expression of jejunal tight junction proteins Claudin1, Zo-1 and MUC2, which protected intestinal health. MLP activated TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway and enhanced the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB, which served to protect the intestine. 16S rDNA gene high-throughput sequencing showed that MLP increased species richness, restored CTX-induced gut microbiome imbalance, and enhanced the abundance of probiotic bacteria in the gut. MLP improves cyclophosphamide-induced growth inhibition and intestinal damage in chicks by modulating intestinal flora and enhancing immune regulation and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, this study provides a scientific basis for MLP as an immune enhancer to regulate chick intestinal flora and protect chick intestinal mucosal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongbin Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yumeng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongjie Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Song Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lingzhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fengmin Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Liu G, Ma N, Cheng K, Feng Q, Ma X, Yue Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Gao X, Liang J, Zhang L, Wang X, Ren Z, Fu YX, Zhao X, Nie G. Bacteria-derived nanovesicles enhance tumour vaccination by trained immunity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:387-398. [PMID: 38052943 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Trained immunity enhances the responsiveness of immune cells to subsequent infections or vaccinations. Here we demonstrate that pre-vaccination with bacteria-derived outer-membrane vesicles, which contain large amounts of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, can be used to potentiate, and enhance, tumour vaccination by trained immunity. Intraperitoneal administration of these outer-membrane vesicles to mice activates inflammasome signalling pathways and induces interleukin-1β secretion. The elevated interleukin-1β increases the generation of antigen-presenting cell progenitors. This results in increased immune response when tumour antigens are delivered, and increases tumour-antigen-specific T-cell activation. This trained immunity increased protection from tumour challenge in two distinct cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Keman Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yale Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhuo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- IGDB-NCNST Joint Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Luo L, Feng F, Zhong A, Guo N, He J, Li C. The advancement of polysaccharides in disease modulation: Multifaceted regulation of programmed cell death. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129669. [PMID: 38272424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD), also known as regulatory cell death (RCD), is a process that occurs in all organisms and is closely linked to both normal physiological processes and disease states. Various signaling pathways, such as TP53, KRAS, NOTCH, hypoxia, and metabolic reprogramming, have been found to regulate RCD. Polysaccharides, which are essential natural products, have been the subject of extensive research in the fields of food, nutrition, and medicine due to their wide range of pharmacological effects. Studies have shown that polysaccharides have biological activities and the potential to target signal transduction pathways for the treatment of diseases. This paper provides a review of the mechanisms through which polysaccharides exert their therapeutic effects at different levels and explores the relationship between different types of RCD and human diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a theoretical basis for the further clinical use and application of polysaccharide bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine. Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
| | - Fuhai Feng
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Ai Zhong
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Nuoqing Guo
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiake He
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenying Li
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
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10
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Pang G, Wei S, Zhao J, Wang FJ. Improving nanochemoimmunotherapy efficacy by boosting "eat-me" signaling and downregulating "don't-eat-me" signaling with Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide-based drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11562-11577. [PMID: 37982298 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
To address the challenges posed by low immunogenicity and immune checkpoints during cancer treatment, we propose an alternative strategy that combines immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects with CD47/SIRPα blockade to reactivate phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages with polysaccharide-based drug delivery. In this study, the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib was identified as a novel CD47 modulator, which promoted the translocation of CD47 molecules from the cell membrane to endosomes through the EGFR-Rab5 pathway, leading to reduced cell surface CD47 levels and limiting interaction with SIRPα. Based on this finding, we developed prophagocytic mixed nanodrugs to enhance macrophage phagocytosis by encapsulating ICD inducer doxorubicin and CD47 inhibitor gefitinib with immunostimulatory polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum. This approach downregulated cell surface CD47 expression to attenuate "don't-eat-me" signaling, while increasing doxorubicin accumulation in tumors by inhibiting drug-resistance proteins, leading to more exposure of calreticulin and amplifying the "eat-me" signaling. In vivo experiments demonstrated that this approach significantly suppressed intraperitoneal tumor dissemination, reversed doxorubicin-induced weight loss, and effectively induced macrophage polarization, dendritic cell maturation, and CD8+ T cell activation. These findings highlighted the significant potential of our macrophage-centered therapeutic strategy using polysaccharide-based nanocarriers and provided new perspectives for chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Siqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Jun Wang
- New Drug R&D Center, Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co., Ltd., 209 West Hulian Road, Dongyang 322100, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
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11
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Ye D, Zhao Q, Ding D, Ma BL. Preclinical pharmacokinetics-related pharmacological effects of orally administered polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicines: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126484. [PMID: 37625759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides (TCMPs) derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), such as Ganoderma lucidum, Astragalus membranaceus, Lycium barbarum, and Panax ginseng, are considered to be the main active constituents in TCMs. However, the significant pharmacological effects of orally administered TCMPs do not align well with their poor pharmacokinetics. This article aims to review the literature published mainly from 2010 to 2022, focusing on the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects. It has been found that unabsorbed TCMPs can exert local pharmacological effects in the gut, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, regulation of intestinal flora, modulation of intestinal immunity, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. Unabsorbed TCMPs can also produce systemic pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor activity and immune system modulation, by regulating intestinal flora and immunity. Conversely, some TCMPs can be absorbed and distributed to various tissues, especially the liver, where they exhibit tissue-protecting effects against inflammation and oxidative stress-induced damage and improve glucose and lipid metabolism. In future studies, it is important to improve quality control and experimental design. Furthermore, research on enhancing the oral bioavailability of TCMPs, exploring the activity of TCMP metabolites, investigating pharmacokinetic interactions between TCMPs and oral drugs, and developing oral drug delivery systems using TCMPs holds great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jingan District Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing-Liang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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12
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Heng X, Shan F, Yang H, Hu J, Feng R, Tian W, Chen G, Chen H. Glycopolymers With On/Off Anchors: Confinement Effect on Regulating Dendritic Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301536. [PMID: 37590030 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient activation or over-activation of T cells due to the dendritic cells (DCs) state can cause negative effects on immunotherapy, making it crucial for DCs to maintain different states in different treatments. Polysaccharides are one of the most studied substances to promote DCs maturation. However, in many methods, optimizing the spatial dimension of the interaction between polysaccharides and cells is often overlooked. Therefore, in this study, a new strategy from the perspective of spatial dimension is proposed to regulate the efficacy of polysaccharides in promoting DCs maturation. An anchoring molecule (DMA) is introduced to existing glycopolymers for the confinement effect, and the effect can be turned off by oxidation of DMA. Among the prepared on-confined (PMD2 ), off-confined (PMD2 -O), and norm (PM2 ) glycopolymers, PMD2 and PMD2 -O show the best and worst results, respectively, in terms of the amount of binding to DCs and the effect on promoting DCs maturation. This sufficiently shows that the turn-on and off of confinement effect can regulate the maturation of DCs by polysaccharides. Based on the all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the mechanism of difference in the confinement effect is explained. This simple method can also be used to regulate other molecule-cell interactions to guide cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Heng
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fangjian Shan
- Soochow University, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - He Yang
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Soochow University, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Ruyan Feng
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wende Tian
- Soochow University, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Soochow University, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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Xu Q, Cheng W, Wei J, Ou Y, Xiao X, Jia Y. Synergist for antitumor therapy: Astragalus polysaccharides acting on immune microenvironment. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:179. [PMID: 37741920 PMCID: PMC10517906 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Various new treatments are emerging constantly in anti-tumor therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, the efficacy is still not satisfactory. Astragalus polysaccharide is an important bioactive component derived from the dry root of Radix astragali. Studies found that astragalus polysaccharides have gained great significance in increasing the sensitivity of anti-tumor treatment, reducing the side effects of anti-tumor treatment, reversing the drug resistance of anti-tumor drugs, etc. In this review, we focused on the role of astragalus polysaccharides in tumor immune microenvironment. We reviewed the immunomodulatory effect of astragalus polysaccharides on macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. We found that astragalus polysaccharides can promote the activities of macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes and induce the expression of a variety of cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, we summarized the clinical applications of astragalus polysaccharides in patients with digestive tract tumors. We summarized the effective mechanism of astragalus polysaccharides on digestive tract tumors, including apoptosis induction, proliferation inhibition, immunoactivity regulation, enhancement of the anticancer effect and chemosensitivity. Therefore, in view of the multiple functions of astragalus polysaccharides in tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical efficacy, the combination of astragalus polysaccharides with antitumor therapy such as immunotherapy may provide new sparks to the bottleneck of current treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinrui Wei
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Ou
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xian Xiao
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of Scutellaria baicalensis root polysaccharide and its hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:134-145. [PMID: 36535347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis is a medicinal plant possessing abundant bioactive polysaccharides. This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of S. baicalensis root polysaccharide (SRP) and investigate its hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory activities. The optimal extraction conditions found in this study were as follows: cellulase concentration 165.6 U/mL, temperature 57.3 °C, liquid-solid ratio 44.8 mL/g, time 50 min, and ultrasonic power 225 W; with the yield reached up to 12.27 %. The ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies were used to obtain a purified SRP. The carbohydrate content of SRP was 85.09 %, with a relatively high content of uronic acids (11.27 %). The SRP had a molecular weight of 89.7 kDa and was composed of eight monosaccharides. The inhibitory activity of SRP against α-amylase and α-glucosidase was determined. It was revealed that SRP could effectively inhibit these two enzymes with IC50 values of 1.23 and 0.63 mg/mL, respectively. Finally, the immunomodulatory effect of SRP on the dendritic cell activation was investigated, and the expressions of MHC II, CD80, CD86, and CD40 increased by 1.56, 1.96, 1.75, and 1.70 times, respectively, by the SRP treatment. This work will provide a foundation for SRP's efficient extraction and utilization for diabetes and immune therapy.
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15
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An EK, Zhang W, Kwak M, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus elicit T cell immunity by activation of human peripheral blood dendritic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:370-377. [PMID: 36368354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is a widely used herbal medicine in Asia. It has been recognized as possessing various biological properties, however, studies on the activity of the A. membranaceus polysaccharide (AMP), a major component of A. membranaceus, on human peripheral blood dendritic cells (PBDCs) have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we found that AMP induced changes in dendritic morphology and the upregulation of activation marker expression and inflammatory cytokine production in human blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). The AMP promoted the activation of both blood dendritic cell antigen 1+ (BDCA1+) and BDCA3+ PBDCs. AMP-induced secretion of cytokines in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was mainly due to PBDCs. Finally, activated BDCA1+ and BDCA3+ PBDCs by AMP elicited proliferation and activation of autologous T cells, respectively. Hence, these data demonstrated that AMPs could activate dendritic and T cells in human blood, and may provide a new direction for the application of AMPs in the regulation of human immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Koung An
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ophiopogon Polysaccharide Liposome Regulated the Immune Activity of Kupffer Cell through miR-4796. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314659. [PMID: 36498983 PMCID: PMC9735683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the effects and mechanism of miR-4796 in the process of ophiopogon polysaccharide liposome (OPL) regulation of the immune activity of Kupffer cells (KCs). In this study, KCs were used as cell models, and were treated with OPL in different concentrations after being transfected with miR-4796 mimic or miR-4796 inhibitor. Firstly, the secretion of NO and iNOS, phagocytic activity, the expression of surface molecules CD14 and MHC II, apoptosis and ROS secretion were measured by Griess, flow cytometry, fluorescence staining and ELISA. Then, real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of TLR4, IKKβ, MyD88 and NF-κB in the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway. The results showed that after transfection with miR-4796 mimic, the secretion of NO and iNOS, cell migration, cell phagocytosis and expression levels of CD14 and MHC II in the OPL group were significantly higher than those in the miR-4796 mimic control group (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB were significantly higher than those in miR-4796 mimic control group (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). After transfection with miR-4796 inhibitor, the secretion of NO and iNOS, cell migration, cell phagocytosis, expression of CD14 and MHCII in OPL group were significantly higher than those in the miR-4796 inhibitor control group (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). These results indicated that OPL could regulate the immune activity of KCs by regulating miR-4796 and activating the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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17
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Fermented Psidium guajava leaves regulate the gut microbiota and improve metabolic alterations in diabetic mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Xia Y, Yang R, Zhu J, Wang H, Li Y, Fan J, Fu C. Engineered nanomaterials trigger abscopal effect in immunotherapy of metastatic cancers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:890257. [PMID: 36394039 PMCID: PMC9643844 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.890257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer treatment, metastatic cancer is still the main cause of death in cancer patients. At present, the treatment of metastatic cancer is limited to palliative care. The abscopal effect is a rare phenomenon in which shrinkage of metastatic tumors occurs simultaneously with the shrinkage of a tumor receiving localized treatment, such as local radiotherapy or immunotherapy. Immunotherapy shows promise for cancer treatment, but it also leads to consequences such as low responsiveness and immune-related adverse events. As a promising target-based approach, intravenous or intratumoral injection of nanomaterials provides new opportunities for improving cancer immunotherapy. Chemically modified nanomaterials may be able to trigger the abscopal effect by regulating immune cells. This review discusses the use of nanomaterials in killing metastatic tumor cells through the regulation of immune cells and the prospects of such nanomaterials for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiawei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Changfeng Fu,
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Quality Evaluation of Ophiopogon japonicus from Two Authentic Geographical Origins in China Based on Physicochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Their Polysaccharides. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101491. [PMID: 36291700 PMCID: PMC9599291 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiopogon japonicus is widely used as a tonic herb in China. According to the origins, MaiDong of Chinese materia medica can be classified as Zhe MaiDong (Ophiopogon japonicus in Zhejiang), Chuan MaiDong (Ophiopogon japonicus in Sichuan), Duanting Shan MaiDong (Liriope muscari), and Hubei MaiDong (Liriope spicata). In terms of quality control, polysaccharides-based evaluations have not yet been conducted. In this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used for the preparation of polysaccharides from 29 batches of MaiDong. HPSEC-MALLS-RID and HPAEC-PAD were employed to investigate their molecular parameters and compositional monosaccharides, respectively. The ability to scavenge ABTS radicals and immune promotion abilities, in terms of nitric oxide releasing and phagocytosis on RAW 264.7 macrophages, were also compared. The results showed that polysaccharides in different MaiDong varied in molecular parameters. All polysaccharides mainly contained fructose and glucose with small amounts of arabinose, mannose, galactose, and xylose. For polysaccharides of Zhe MaiDong and Chuan MaiDong, the molar ratio of Fru to Glc was roughly 15:1 and 14:1, respectively. Zhe MaiDong exhibited better antioxidant and immune promotion activity, and so did that of fibrous roots. The pharmacological activity, however, did not account for the variation in growth years. Finally, indicators for quality control based on multivariate statistical analysis included: yield, antioxidant activity, the content of fructose, and RI signal. It was concluded that MaiDong’s fibrous roots had similar components to the root, and their quality was not significantly affected by growth age. This may provide some guidance for the cultivation and use of MaiDong.
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20
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Overexpression of phosphomannomutase increases the production and bioactivities of Ganoderma exopolysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119828. [PMID: 35868775 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored a novel approach to enhancing the production and bioactivities of Ganoderma exopolysaccharides. The homologous phosphomannomutase gene (PMM1) was cloned and overexpressed in Ganoderma for the first time. As a result, the maximum production of exopolysaccharides by the PMM1 transformant was 1.53 g/L, which was 1.41-fold higher than of a wild-type (WT) strain in a 5-L bioreactor. The transcription levels of PMM1 and PMM2 increased 40.5- and 2.4-fold, respectively, whereas the value of the GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase gene did not change significantly in this transgenic strain. Furthermore, the major exopolysaccharide fractions from PMM1 transformants contained higher amounts of mannose (56.5 % and 21.1 %) than those from a WT strain (26.7 % and 9.3 %). Moreover, the major fractions from PMM1 transformants exhibited stronger regulation effects on macrophage. In conclusion, this study is helpful for the efficient production and application of Ganoderma exopolysaccharides and facilitates an understanding of polysaccharide biosynthesis regulation.
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21
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The impact of the methyl esters of homogalacturonan on cellular uptake dependent hypoglycemic activity in IR-HepG2 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 293:119741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Li X, Wichai N, Wang J, Liu X, Yan H, Wang Y, Luo M, Zhou S, Wang K, Li L, Miao L. Regulation of innate and adaptive immunity using herbal medicine: benefits for the COVID-19 vaccination. ACUPUNCTURE AND HERBAL MEDICINE 2022; 2:196-206. [PMID: 37808346 PMCID: PMC9746255 DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is a major achievement that has become an effective prevention strategy against infectious diseases and active control of emerging pathogens worldwide. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several diverse vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been developed and deployed for use in a large number of individuals, and have been reported to protect against symptomatic COVID-19 cases and deaths. However, the application of vaccines has a series of limitations, including protective failure for variants of concern, unavailability of individuals due to immune deficiency, and the disappearance of immune protection for increasing infections in vaccinated individuals. These aspects raise the question of how to modulate the immune system that contributes to the COVID-19 vaccine protective effects. Herbal medicines are widely used for their immune regulatory abilities in clinics. More attractively, herbal medicines have been well accepted for their positive role in the COVID-19 prevention and suppression through regulation of the immune system. This review presents a brief overview of the strategy of COVID-19 vaccination and the response of the immune system to vaccines, the regulatory effects and mechanisms of herbal medicine in immune-related macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes T and B cells, and how they help vaccines work. Later in the article, the potential role and application of herbal medicines in the most recent COVID-19 vaccination are discussed. This article provides new insights into herbal medicines as promising alternative supplements that may benefit from COVID-19 vaccination. Graphical abstract http://links.lww.com/AHM/A31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Nuttapong Wichai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Jiabao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingchi Luo
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyuan Zhou
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Li CX, Liu Y, Zhang YZ, Li JC, Lai J. Astragalus polysaccharide: a review of its immunomodulatory effect. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:367-389. [PMID: 35713852 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Astragalus polysaccharide is an important bioactive component derived from the dry root of Astragalus membranaceus. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research progress on the immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide and provide valuable reference information. We review the immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on central and peripheral immune organs, including bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal tissues. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on a variety of immune cells is summarized. Studies have shown that Astragalus polysaccharide can promote the activities of macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and microglia and induce the expression of a variety of cytokines and chemokines. The immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide makes it promising for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer, infection, type 1 diabetes, asthma, and autoimmune disease. Among them, the anticancer effect is the most prominent. In short, Astragalus polysaccharide is a valuable immunomodulatory medicine, but further high-quality studies are warranted to corroborate its clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Chun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jiang Lai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China.
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Yang H, Wang L, Zhang J. Leukocyte modulation by natural products from herbal medicines and potential as cancer immunotherapy. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:185-200. [PMID: 35612275 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru0222-087rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes a kind of life-threatening disease that is prevalent throughout the world. In light of limitations in conventional chemotherapies or radiotherapies, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a potent strategy in treating cancer. In cancer immunotherapy, preliminary studies have demonstrated that cancer immune surveillance serves a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Herbal medicines and natural products, which serve as alternative medicines, are involved in the modulation of tumor immunosurveillance to enhance antitumor activity. Accordingly, this review aimed to summarize the modulation function of herbal medicines and natural products on tumor immunosurveillance while providing scientific insight into further research on its molecular mechanism and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihai Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Department of Chinese medicine, College of Medicine, Changchun Science-Technology University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Chinese medicine, College of Medicine, Changchun Science-Technology University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Chen XY, Yung LYL, Tan PH, Bay BH. Harnessing the Immunogenic Potential of Gold Nanoparticle-Based Platforms as a Therapeutic Strategy in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy: A Mini Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865554. [PMID: 35432376 PMCID: PMC9008216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Although the implementation of mammography has dramatically increased the early detection rate, conventional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, have significantly improved the prognosis for breast cancer patients. However, about a third of treated breast cancer patients are known to suffer from disease recurrences and progression to metastasis. Immunotherapy has recently gained traction due to its ability to establish long-term immune surveillance, and response for the prevention of disease recurrence and extension of patient survival. Current research findings have revealed that gold nanoparticles can enhance the safety and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, through their unique intrinsic properties of good biocompatibility, durability, convenient surface modification, as well as enhanced permeability and retention effect. Gold nanoparticles are also able to induce innate immune responses through the process of immunogenic cell death, which can lead to the establishment of lasting adaptive immunity. As such gold nanoparticles are considered as good candidates for next generation immunotherapeutic strategies. This mini review gives an overview of gold nanoparticles and their potential applications in breast cancer immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Yue Lanry Yung
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Cui Y, Sun W, Li Q, Wang K, Wang Y, Lv F, Chen X, Peng X, Wang Y, Li J, Si H. Effects of Caulis Spatholobi Polysaccharide on Immunity, Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function, and Intestinal Microbiota in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressive Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:833842. [PMID: 35372558 PMCID: PMC8972122 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.833842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of Caulis Spatholobi polysaccharide (CSP) on immune function, intestinal mucosal barrier, and intestinal microflora in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressed chickens have been rarely reported. This study was designed to investigate the cecal microbiota in chickens and to elucidate the immune mechanism involved in the CSP effect on CY induced-immunosuppressed chickens. A total of 288 cocks were equally divided into six groups and used to evaluate the immune effect of CSP. Results showed that the CSP increased the body weight and immune organ index of immunosuppressed chickens, significantly increased the secretion of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM) in sera of chickens, and restored the body immune function. The CSP reduced intestinal injury of the jejunum and ileum, increased the ratio of the intestinal villus height to crypt depth (V/C), improved the expression of tight junction protein, and protected intestinal health. The CSP activated the toll-like receptor (TLR)/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and enhanced the expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, Claudin1, and Zo-1, protecting the intestinal tract. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that CSP increased species richness, restored CY-induced intestinal microbiome imbalance, and enhanced the abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestinal tract. In conclusion, our study provided a scientific basis for CSP as an immune enhancer to regulate intestinal microflora and protect intestinal mucosal damage in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Ranaweera BVLR, Edward D, Abeysekera AM, Weerasena OVDSJ, Handunnetti SM. Increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules and enhancement of the IgG response in rats orally administered with a polyherbal formulation. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100528. [PMID: 35063357 PMCID: PMC8814394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Link Samahan® (LS) is a standardized modern formulation of a polyherbal preparation used in the indigenous system of medicine in Sri Lanka. Objective Evaluation of the immunostimulatory activity of LS and the molecular mechanisms that modulate the humoral immune response. Material and methods Immunostimulatory activity of LS was tested in rats following oral administration on days 1-5 and 15-19 and immunization with bovine serum albumin (BSA) on day 1 and 15. Anti-BSA IgM and IgG response in rats treated with LS, water and sugar (as controls) were compared on days 0-35, using ELISA. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules on lymphocytes was assessed on days 0-8 and days 14-22 using RT-qPCR. Results IgM and IgG levels of LS-treated rats were increased significantly by day 7 and 21 respectively compared to controls (p < 0.05). IgG response of LS-treated group reached a higher magnitude compared to its IgM response. Gene expression of CD28 and CD40L on T cells (4.9-5.1 fold) and CD80, CD86 and CD40 on APCs (2.4-3.1 fold) were induced significantly by day 2 compared to their expression on day 0 (p < 0.05). The expression levels of CD28 and CD40L on day 2-4 and 16-18 were similar while the expression of CD80, CD86 and CD40 on day 16-18 was higher (3.7-5.1 folds) compared to their levels on day 2-4 (2.4-3.2). Conclusions These findings support an adjuvant effect of LS contributing to its immunostimulatory activity and increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules that contribute to boosting immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniya Edward
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IBMBB), University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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Feng S, Yang X, Weng X, Wang B, Zhang A. Aqueous extracts from cultivated Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma as polysaccharide adjuvant promote immune responses via facilitating dendritic cell activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114256. [PMID: 34062250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbal polysaccharides have exhibited great immune-enhancing potential. Adjuvants are a key tool for developing efficacious vaccines. In our previous study, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from wild Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma showed potent immunostimulatory activity. AIM OF STUDY In this study, the immune profiles and efficacy of aqueous extracts of cultivated Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma (AECCD) on ICR mice against ovalbumin (OVA) were investigated. In vitro experiments, the possible DC activation mechanism by AECCD was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS AECCD were extracted using hot water after which the crude polysaccharides were precipitated by ethanol. Mice were firstly immunized subcutaneously with OVA (10 μg per mouse) alone or OVA (10 μg per mouse) respectively containing different dose of AECCD (200, 400 and 800 μg per mouse) on Days 1 and 14 and the magnitude and kinetics of antibodies and cell-mediated responses were then assessed. RESULTS AECCD elicited vigorous and long-term IgG responses with mixed Th1/Th2 responses and up-regulated levels of Th-associated cytokines (CD4+IL-4, CD4+IFN-γ and CD8+IFN-γ). Moreover, AECCD induced the strong cellular immune response characterized by increased splenocyte proliferation as well as the activated T cell response. Notably, AECCD significantly enhanced the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and inhibited Tregs. In vitro experiments, Preliminary tests indicated that AECCD induced DC activation by promoting phenotypic maturation, cytokine section and allostimulatory activity. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was an essential receptor for DCs to directly bind AECCD. The inhibitors of NF-κB decreased the expression levels of CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC-II and the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 through DCs. CONCLUSIONS Finally, these findings suggested that AECCD could elicit potent and durable antigen specific immune responses through DC activation, which was involved in the regulation of maturation markers and cytokine expression via TLR4-related NF-κB pathway. The study indicates that AECCD is a potential immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Feng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiumei Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiang Weng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ailian Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, China.
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Weng X, Li Q, Feng S, Wang B, Zhang A. Adjuvant activities of crude polysaccharides from cultivated Artemisia rupestris L. on TH1-biased response with the induction of DC activation. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1970722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Weng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanxiao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangshaung Feng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ailian Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
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Hwang J, Zhang W, Dhananjay Y, An EK, Kwak M, You S, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides potentiate the growth-inhibitory activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors against pulmonary metastatic melanoma in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1292-1300. [PMID: 34000307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) is commonly used in various herbal formulations to treat several human and animal diseases. Polysaccharides, which are the major bioactive components in the A. membranaceus, exhibit various bioactive properties. However, the ability of A. membranaceus polysaccharides (APS) to activate the mucosal immune response has not been examined. We examined the effect of intranasal administration of APS on mucosal immune cell activation and the growth-inhibitory activity against pulmonary metastatic melanoma in mice by combination treatment with immune checkpoint blockade. The intranasal treatment of APS increased the number of lineage-CD11c+ dendritic cell (DCs) in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) through the upregulation of CC-chemokine receptor 7 expression. Moreover, intranasal treatment of APS activated DCs, which further stimulated natural killer (NK) and T cells in the mLN. The APS/anti-PD-L1 antibody combination inhibited the pulmonary infiltration of B16 melanoma cells. The depletion of NK cells and CD8 T cells in mice mitigated the anti-cancer effect of this combination, thereby highlighting the critical role of NK cells and CD8 T cells in mediating anti-cancer immunity. These findings demonstrated that APS could be used as a topical mucosal adjuvant to enhance the immune check point inhibitor anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Hwang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yadav Dhananjay
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Koung An
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung Daehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, South Korea
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Du L, Sun Y, Wang Q, Wang L, Zhang Y, Li S, Jin H, Yan S, Xiao X. Integrated metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing to investigate the mechanism of immune-enhancing effect of health Tonic oral liquid. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110323. [PMID: 34053528 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Health Tonic oral liquid (HT) is a popular functional food in China and is used to enhance host immune response. However, its mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. In this work, we combined ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS) serum metabolomics with 16S rDNA sequencing to evaluate the effects of HT on metabolomics profiling and microbial community signatures. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contents in fecal were quantified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that HT use leads to a significant increase in IgG, IgM and IgA. Thirty-four metabolites were identified and quantified using metabolomics, most were aromatic amino acids and metabolites involved in glucose metabolism. HT intervention significantly increased the abundance of Alloprevotella, which may contribute to intestinal barrier integrity and inflammatory response inhabitation. Most SCFAs were highly expressed following HT intake. In summary, HT use maintains glucose and lipid metabolism balance, promotes high expressions of beneficial bacteria, and exerts promising immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yuanfang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Leqi Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Huizi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shikai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Xue Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Lim SM, Park HB, Jin JO. Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus promotes the activation of human peripheral blood and mouse spleen dendritic cells. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:56-62. [PMID: 33516452 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) is a widely used traditional herb in China and Korea. A. membranaceus polysaccharides (AMP), which make up a major part of the root extract, have been shown to modulate immune modulations, especially activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and T cells. However, the immune stimulatory effect of AMP in the mouse in vivo and human peripheral blood DCs (PBDCs) has not been well investigated. In this study, we found that intravenous (i.v.) injection of AMP in C57BL/6 mice induced remarkable elevations in co-stimulatory and MHC class I and II molecule levels in the splenic DCs and its subsets. The stimulatory effect of DCs by AMP was elevated 6 h after treatment, which rapidly decreased 18 h after injection. Furthermore, AMP promoted intracellular production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in spleen DC subsets, which contributed elevation of serum cytokine levels. Finally, the AMP promoted PBDC activation. Thus, these results demonstrate that AMP can be used as an immune stimulatory molecules in human and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Hae-Bin Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides Promote Maturity of Murine Dendritic Cells through Toll-Like Receptor 4-Erk1/2-Blimp1 Signaling Pathway. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:1751793. [PMID: 33344654 PMCID: PMC7725586 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1751793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), a traditional Chinese medicine, can promote immature dendritic cells (DCs) to mature. However, the molecular mechanisms by which LBP works are not yet elucidated. Here, we found that LBP can induce DCs maturation, which is mainly characterized by the upregulation of MHCII and costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86), and increase the production of IL-6 and IL-4. Furthermore, we found that LBP could increase the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4, p38, Erk1/2, JNK, and Blimp1 signal molecules. More interestingly, after blocking by Toll-like receptor 4 inhibitor, Resatorvid (TAK 242), the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4, Erk1/2, and Blimp1 was significantly decreased while the expression of p38 and JNK has not changed. Then, we found that after blocking by p38 inhibitor (SB203580), Erk inhibitor (PD98059), and JNK inhibitor (SP603580) separately, Blimp1 protein expression was significantly reduced; after downregulating Blimp1 by Blimp1-siRNA, the production of IL-6 was reduced. In conclusion, our results indicate that LBP can induce maturation of DCs through the TLR4-Erk1/2-Blimp1 signal pathway instead of the JNK/p38-Blimp1 pathway. Our findings may provide a novel evidence for understanding the molecular mechanisms of LBP on activating murine DCs.
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Liu X, Ren Z, Yu R, Chen S, Zhang J, Xu Y, Meng Z, Luo Y, Zhang W, Huang Y, Qin T. Structural characterization of enzymatic modification of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide and its immune-enhancement activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1396-1408. [PMID: 33166554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the enzyme degradation of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide (HEP) was successfully modified with endo-rhamnosidase to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysis of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide product (EHEP). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic particle microscopy (AFM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and particle size distribution were used to characterize polysaccharides. In vitro, EHEP significantly enhanced the phagocytosis, NO, CD40 and CD86 by macrophage than HEP. In vivo, female Balb/c mice were injected respectively with EHEP and HEP after administrated with cyclophosphamide, once a day for 7 days. On days 11, the morphology and structure of jejunal sections, immunofluorescence of spleen and peritoneal macrophages were determined. These results indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis product could enhance the activation of peritoneal macrophages, and enhance the immunomodulation function of HEP. This study demonstrated that enzymatic modification was an effective method to improve the activities of HEP, and could be developed as a potential technology for use in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Shixiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yongde Xu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Tao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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Structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng residue and its immunomodulatory activity on bone marrow dendritic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:797-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pang G, Chen C, Liu Y, Jiang T, Yu H, Wu Y, Wang Y, Wang FJ, Liu Z, Zhang LW. Bioactive Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Improve Radiation-Induced Abscopal Effect through Manipulation of Dendritic Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42661-42670. [PMID: 31638366 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy was considered to induce an abscopal effect initiated through antigen release and presented by dendritic cells (DC), while the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TEM) attenuated the effects. Herein, we utilized bioactive polysaccharides extracted from the natural herb Astragalus membranaceus and developed polysaccharide nanoparticles (ANPs) that can reverse TEM and, accordingly, enhance the radiation-induced abscopal effect. ANP showed ability to prolong the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice. In addition, ANP dramatically inhibited the growth of the primary tumor subjected to radiation as well as the secondary tumor distant from the primary lesion. Mechanistic study demonstrated that an ANP-induced immune response was mainly reflected by DC activation, represented by phenotypic maturation and enhanced antigen presentation through the TLR4 signaling pathway. Mature DC induced by ANP migrated to the tumor-draining lymph node and initiated T-cell expansion. Specifically, DC activation was successfully translated into an increase in CD4+ T/Treg and CD8+ T/Treg ratios within both primary (irradiated) and secondary (unirradiated) tumors. Our results also indicated that the systemic antitumor immune response and immune memory were enhanced with the increase in IFN-γ production and effector memory T-cell population. Our work provided a novel strategy to facilitate the incorporation of immunoactive macromolecules purified from natural herbs into modern nanotechnology in the era of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Changshu Second People's Hospital , Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University , Changshu 215500 , China
| | - Yun Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Tianyan Jiang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Huan Yu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yanxian Wu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yangyun Wang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Fu-Jun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
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Liu YT, Lv WL. Research Progress in Astragalus Membranaceus and Its Active Components on Immune Responses in Liver Fibrosis. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:794-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Yu H, Yang Y, Jiang T, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Pang G, Feng Y, Zhang S, Wang F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang LW. Effective Radiotherapy in Tumor Assisted by Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide-Conjugated Bismuth Sulfide Nanoparticles through Radiosensitization and Dendritic Cell Activation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:27536-27547. [PMID: 31294958 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a traditional method for cancer therapy but may become ineffective likely due to the radiation-induced immunosuppression. Instead of simply increasing the radiation dose, reactivation of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment is an alternative strategy for successful cancer treatment. In this work, we synthesized bismuth sulfide nanoparticles (BiNP) and conjugated with immunoactive Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP). GLP-BiNP were able to increase the sensitivity of radiotherapy, attributing to the efficient X-ray absorption of bismuth element. BiNP alone can mildly activate dendritic cells (DC) in vitro, while GLP-BiNP further enhanced the level of DC maturation, shown as the increase in phenotypic maturation markers, cytokine release, acid phosphatase activity, and T cell proliferation in DC/T cell co-culture. Compared to BiNP, GLP-BiNP altered the tissue distribution with faster accumulation in the tumor. Meanwhile, mature DC greatly increased in both tumor and spleen by GLP-BiNP within 24 h. GLP-BiNP combination with radiation achieved remarkable inhibition of tumor growth through apoptosis. Alternatively, lung metastasis was largely prohibited by GLP-BiNP, shown as a reduced amount of tumor nodules and cancer cell invasion by pathological findings. Mechanistically, GLP-BiNP altered the tumor immunosuppression microenvironment by preferably increasing the number of intratumor CD8+ T cell proliferation, as well as the improved immunobalance shown as the increased serum interferon-γ/interleukin-4 ratio. Specifically, GLP conjugation seemed to protect the kidney from injury occasionally introduced by bare BiNP. As a result, GLP-BiNP play a dual role in tumor treatment through radiosensitization and immunoactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Tianyan Jiang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Guibin Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Yahui Feng
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Hunan University of Technology , Zhuzhou 412007 , China
| | - Shulei Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yangyun Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
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Pang G, Zhang S, Zhou X, Yu H, Wu Y, Jiang T, Zhang X, Wang F, Wang Y, Zhang LW. Immunoactive polysaccharide functionalized gold nanocomposites promote dendritic cell stimulation and antitumor effects. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1291-1306. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the immune responses and antitumor efficacy of immunoactive polysaccharide functionalized gold nanocomposites (APS-AuNP). Materials & methods: Immunoregulation of APS-AuNP on dendritic cells/T cells in vitro was evaluated by flow cytometry and their inhibitions against primary/metastatic tumors were determined on 4T1-bearing mice model. Results & conclusion: APS-AuNP exhibited remarkable capability to induce dendritic cells maturation through phenotypic markers with functional changes, which further promoted T-cell proliferation and enhanced cytotoxicity against 4T1 tumor cells. The inhibitory rate of APS-AuNP against 4T1 primary tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in mice was higher than paclitaxel-treated group. In addition, APS-AuNP exhibited strong capability to increase the population of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes as well as effector memory cells rather than central memory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - Shulei Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - Xiapeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Huan Yu
- School for Radiological & Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine & Protection, School of Radiation Medicine & Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yanxian Wu
- School for Radiological & Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine & Protection, School of Radiation Medicine & Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Tianyan Jiang
- School for Radiological & Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine & Protection, School of Radiation Medicine & Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- School for Radiological & Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine & Protection, School of Radiation Medicine & Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, PR China
- Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongyang, Zhejiang, 322100, PR China
| | - Yangyun Wang
- School for Radiological & Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine & Protection, School of Radiation Medicine & Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School for Radiological & Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine & Protection, School of Radiation Medicine & Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
- Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongyang, Zhejiang, 322100, PR China
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Zhang S, Pang G, Chen C, Qin J, Yu H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Song Z, Zhao J, Wang F, Wang Y, Zhang LW. Effective cancer immunotherapy by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide-gold nanocomposites through dendritic cell activation and memory T cell response. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:192-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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41
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Immunomodulating Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) and Possible Mechanism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1182:1-37. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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42
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Meng F, Li Q, Qi Y, He C, Wang C, Zhang Q. Characterization and immunoregulatory activity of two polysaccharides from the root of Ilex asprella. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 197:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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43
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Kikete S, Luo L, Jia B, Wang L, Ondieki G, Bian Y. Plant-derived polysaccharides activate dendritic cell-based anti-cancer immunity. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1097-1110. [PMID: 29556897 PMCID: PMC6081929 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, cancers pose a major public health burden. Although a myriad of cancer treatments are available, only a few have achieved clinical efficacy. This is partly attributed to cancers capability to evade host immunity by converting dendritic cells (DCs) from potent stimulators to negative modulators of immunity. Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy attempts to resolve this problem by manipulating the functional characteristics of DCs. Plant-derived polysaccharides (PDPs) can stimulate the maturation of DCs conferring on them the capacity to present internalised tumorigenic antigens to naïve T cells and subsequently priming T cells to eliminate tumours. PDPs have been used as immune modulators and later as anti-cancer agents by Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners for centuries. They are abundant in nature and form a large group of heterogeneous though structurally related macromolecules that exhibit diverse immunological properties. They can induce antigen pulsed DCs to acquire functional characteristics in vitro which can subsequently be re-introduced into cancer patients. They can also be used as adjuvants in DC-based vaccines or independently for their intrinsic anti-tumour activities. Clinically, some in vitro generated DCs have been shown to be both safe and immunogenic although their clinical application is limited in part by unsatisfactory functional maturation as well as impaired migration to draining lymph nodes where T cells reside. We review the relative potencies of individual PDPs to induce both phenotypic and functional maturation in DCs, their relative abilities to activate anti-cancer immunity, the possible mechanisms by which they act and also the challenges surrounding their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siambi Kikete
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830000, People's Republic of China
| | - Beitian Jia
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Gregory Ondieki
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.
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Identification of genes underlying the enhancement of immunity by a formula of lentinan, pachymaran and tremelia polysaccharides in immunosuppressive mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10082. [PMID: 29973708 PMCID: PMC6031631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of polysaccharides is widespread, especially in immune regulation. However, the genetic basis of the changes in polysaccharides regulating immunity is unclear. To obtain genome-wide insights into transcriptome changes and regulatory networks, we designed a polysaccharide formula, comprising lentinan, pachymaran and tremelia, to increase the availability of their optimized active sites. In this case, we focused on a model of immunosuppression to investigate genes by digital gene expression (DGE) tag profiling in T and B cells. These genes were further validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot experiments. Consequently, polysaccharide formula treatment helped to recover the expression of immune-related genes, including CADM1, CCR2, IGLL1, LIGP1, and FCGR3, FCGR2 in B cells, as well as S100A8, S100A9, ChIL3, MMP8 and IFITM3 in T cells. These results suggest that treatment with polysaccharides improves the immunity of immunosuppressive mice by regulating genes associated with T and B cell functions.
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Pang G, Wang F, Zhang LW. Dose matters: Direct killing or immunoregulatory effects of natural polysaccharides in cancer treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:243-256. [PMID: 29804974 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from natural resources possess anti-tumor activities for decades, but the efficacy of polysaccharides as the adjuvant drugs for cancer treatment at prescribed doses remains open for debate. In this review, molecular mechanisms involved in direct killing effects of polysaccharides, including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and mitochondria/DNA damage were described. However, the concentrations/doses used to reach the direct killing effects are too high to be applicable. Polysaccharides can also exert anti-tumor effects through immunoregulation at lower doses, and the effects of polysaccharides on natural killer cells, dendritic cells and other lymphocytes for tumor destruction, along with the receptor recognition and downstream signaling pathways, were delineated. Unfortunately, the prescribed doses of polysaccharides are too low to stimulate immunoresponse, resulting in the failure of some clinical trials. Therefore, understanding the sophisticated mechanisms of the immunoregulatory function of natural polysaccharides with refined doses for clinical use will help the standardization of traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zhejiang, 322100, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zhejiang, 322100, China.
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46
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Chen GT, Fu YX, Yang WJ, Hu QH, Zhao LY. Effects of polysaccharides from the base of Flammulina Velutipes stipe on growth of murine RAW264.7, B16F10 and L929 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2150-2156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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47
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Digestive behavior of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharides in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:825-832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Yu Y, Shen M, Song Q, Xie J. Biological activities and pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharide from natural resources: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 183:91-101. [PMID: 29352896 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 719] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy using natural substances can be currently regarded as a very promising future alternative to conventional therapy. As biological macromolecules, polysaccharide together with protein and polynucleotide, are extremely important biomacromoleules which play important roles in the growth and development of living organism. Polysaccharide is important component of higher plants, membrane of the animal cell and the cell wall of microbes. It is also closely related to the physiological functions. Recently, increasing attention has been paid on polysaccharides as an important class of bioactive natural products. Numerous researches have demonstrated the bioactivities of natural polysaccharides, which lead to the application of polysaccharides in the treatment of disease. In this paper, the various aspects of the investigation results of the bioactivities of polysaccharides were summarized, including its diversity pharmacological applications, such as immunoregulatory, anti-tumor, anti-virus, antioxidation, and hypoglycemic activity, and their application of polysaccharides in the treatment of disease are also discussed. We hope this review can offer some theoretical basis and inspiration for the mechanism study of the bioactivity of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Tian M, Huang H. The therapeutic effect of modified Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang for multiple myeloma: An 18-year follow-up case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9074. [PMID: 29245321 PMCID: PMC5728936 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. The median survival has increased to 6 years in recent years. But MM remains incurable. Some studies about the effects of Chinese herb medicine on MM have been carried out. Long survival in MM patients through Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapies has been reported rarely before. PATIENT CONCERNS We report a case of a female patient who was diagnosed with MM in 2000 at the age of 49. She received 9 cycles of multiple chemotherapeutic regimens mainly based on melphalan from September 2000 to May 2001. Though her condition was under control in some degree, she discontinued treatment due to significant side effects such as fatigue, hyperhidrosis, fever, chill, larynx mucosa ulcers, pharynx mucosa ulcers, and poor appetite. Instead, she sought treatment with TCM alone. DIAGNOSES Based on the TCM theory, the patient's condition was categorized as Xue Bi. INTERVENTIONS Up to the present, the patient has been using modified Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang (HGWT) continuously for 18 years. In this prescription, Radix Astragali is an important herb. When the patient's condition worsened, its dosage was increased from 30 to 120g. Besides, she has been eating Radix Astragali porridge or drinking Radix Astragali tea for almost 18 years at the same time. OUTCOMES Throughout the period, no obvious side effects have been observed and her health condition remains stable. LESSONS Polysaccharides isolated from Astragalus membranaceus (Radix Astragali) and Polyporus umbellatus could promote maturation of dendritic cells. Polysaccharides and flavonoids isolated from Astragalus membranaceus could regulate bone marrow microenvironment by inhibiting secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12 p40 and bidirectionally regulating the osteogenic capacity of osteoblasts. Besides, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, another important component of the prescription, has inhibitory effects on osteolytic bone lesions. This case suggests TCM treatment may have a positive therapeutic effect on MM. Modified HGWT, especially the Chinese herb medicine Radix Astragali could potentially be an alternative option for the treatment of MM. Both pharmacological studies and randomized clinical trials are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huang Huang
- International Jingfang Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ma Y, Liu C, Qu D, Chen Y, Huang M, Liu Y. Antibacterial evaluation of sliver nanoparticles synthesized by polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus roots. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:351-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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