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Jana S, Dyna AL, Pal S, Mukherjee S, Bissochi IMT, Yamada-Ogatta SF, Darido MLG, Oliveira DBL, Durigon EL, Ray B, Faccin-Galhardi LC, Ray S. Anti-respiratory syncytial virus and anti-herpes simplex virus activity of chemically engineered sulfated fucans from Cystoseira indica. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122157. [PMID: 38710573 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Seaweed polysaccharides, particularly sulfated ones, exhibited potent antiviral activity against a wide variety of enveloped viruses, such as herpes simplex virus and respiratory viruses. Different mechanisms of action were suggested, which may range from preventing infection to intracellular antiviral activity, at different stages of the viral cycle. Herein, we generated two chemically engineered sulfated fucans (C303 and C304) from Cystoseira indica by an amalgamated extraction-sulfation procedure using chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine/N,N-dimethylformamide and sulfur trioxide-pyridine/N,N-dimethylformamide reagents, respectively. These compounds exhibited activity against HSV-1 and RSV with 50 % inhibitory concentration values in the range of 0.75-2.5 μg/mL and low cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 500 μg/mL. The antiviral activities of chemically sulfated fucans (C303 and C304) were higher than the water (C301) and CaCl2 extracted (C302) polysaccharides. Compound C303 had a (1,3)-linked fucan backbone and was branched. Sulfates were present at positions C-2, C-4, and C-2,4 of Fucp, and C-6 of Galp residues of this polymer. Compound C304 had a comparable structure but with more sulfates at C-4 of Fucp residue. Both C303 and C304 were potent antiviral candidates, acting in a dose-dependent manner on the adsorption and other intracellular stages of HSV-1 and RSV replication, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag campus, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | - Andre Luiz Dyna
- Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Saikat Pal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag campus, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag campus, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | | | - Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.; Albert Einstein Hospital, 05652-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag campus, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag campus, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, India.
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Beato A, Haudecoeur R, Boucherle B, Peuchmaur M. Expanding Chemical Frontiers: Approaches for Generating Diverse and Bioactive Natural Product-Like Compounds Libraries from Extracts. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304166. [PMID: 38372433 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The realms of natural products and synthetic compounds exhibit distinct chemical spaces that not only differ but also complement each other. While the convergence of these two domains has been explored through semisynthesis and conventional pharmacomodulation endeavours applied to natural frameworks, a recent and innovative approach has emerged that involves the combinatorial generation of libraries of 'natural product-like compounds' (NPLCs) through the direct synthetic derivatization of natural extracts. This has led to the production of numerous NPLCs that incorporate structural elements from both their natural (multiple saturated rings, oxygen content, chiral centres) and synthetic (aromatic rings, nitrogen and halogen content, drug-like properties) precursors. Through careful selection of extracts and reagents, specific bioactivities have been achieved, and this strategy has been deployed in various ways, showing great promise without reaching its full potential to date. This review seeks to provide an overview of reported examples involving the chemical engineering of extracts, showcasing a spectrum of natural product alterations spanning from simple substitutions to complete scaffold remodelling. It also includes an analysis of the accomplishments, perspectives and technical challenges within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Beato
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, Bâtiment E Pôle Chimie BP 53, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Romain Haudecoeur
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, Bâtiment E Pôle Chimie BP 53, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Boucherle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, Bâtiment E Pôle Chimie BP 53, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, Bâtiment E Pôle Chimie BP 53, 38000, Grenoble, France
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3
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Ali I, Chemen ME, Piccini LE, Mukherjee S, Jana S, Damonte EB, Ray B, Garcia CC, Ray S. Chemically modified galactans of Grateloupia indica: From production to in vitro antiviral activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128824. [PMID: 38103665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) have an affinity for heparan sulfate proteoglycans on cell surfaces, which is a determinant for virus entry. Herein, several sulfated galactans that mimic the active domain of the entry receptor were employed to prevent HSV infection. They were produced from Grateloupia indica using chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine (ClSO3H.Py)/N,N-dimethylformamide reagent (fraction G-402), SO3.Py/DMF reagent (G-403), or by aqueous extraction (G-401). These galactans contained varied molecular masses (33-55 kDa), and sulfate contents (12-20 %), and have different antiviral activities. Especially, the galactan (G-402) generated by using ClSO3H.Py/DMF, a novel reagent, exhibited the highest level of antiviral activity (EC50 = 0.36 μg/mL) compared to G-403 (EC50 = 15.6 μg/mL) and G-401 (EC50 = 17.9 μg/mL). This most active sulfated galactan possessed a linear chain containing β-(1 → 3)- and α-(1 → 4)-linked Galp units with sulfate group at the O-2/4/6 and O-2/3/6 positions, respectively. The HSV-1 and HSV-2 strains were specifically inhibited by this novel 33 ± 15 kDa galactan, which also blocked the virus from entering the host cell. These results highlight the significant potential of this sulfated galactan for antiviral research and drug development. Additionally, the reagent used for the effective conversion of galactan hydroxy groups to sulfate during extraction may also be useful for the chemical transformation of other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Mathias E Chemen
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales UBA, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 Piso, 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luana E Piccini
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales UBA, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 Piso, 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Elsa B Damonte
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales UBA, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 Piso, 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Cybele C Garcia
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales UBA, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 Piso, 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
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Dubashynskaya NV, Petrova VA, Sgibnev AV, Elokhovskiy VY, Cherkasova YI, Skorik YA. Carrageenan/Chitin Nanowhiskers Cryogels for Vaginal Delivery of Metronidazole. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102362. [PMID: 37242937 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of polymeric carriers based on partially deacetylated chitin nanowhiskers (CNWs) and anionic sulfated polysaccharides is an attractive strategy for improved vaginal delivery with modified drug release profiles. This study focuses on the development of metronidazole (MET)-containing cryogels based on carrageenan (CRG) and CNWs. The desired cryogels were obtained by electrostatic interactions between the amino groups of CNWs and the sulfate groups of CRG and by the formation of additional hydrogen bonds, as well as by entanglement of carrageenan macrochains. It was shown that the introduction of 5% CNWs significantly increased the strength of the initial hydrogel and ensured the formation of a homogeneous cryogel structure, resulting in sustained MET release within 24 h. At the same time, when the CNW content was increased to 10%, the system collapsed with the formation of discrete cryogels, demonstrating MET release within 12 h. The mechanism of prolonged drug release was mediated by polymer swelling and chain relaxation in the polymer matrix and correlated well with the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Peppas-Sahlin models. In vitro tests showed that the developed cryogels had a prolonged (24 h) antiprotozoal effect against Trichomonas, including MET-resistant strains. Thus, the new cryogels with MET may be promising dosage forms for the treatment of vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia V Dubashynskaya
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Valentina A Petrova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Andrey V Sgibnev
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya st. 11, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | - Vladimir Y Elokhovskiy
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Yuliya I Cherkasova
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya st. 11, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | - Yury A Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
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Ghosh K, Takahashi D, Kotake T. Plant type II arabinogalactan: Structural features and modification to increase functionality. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108828. [PMID: 37182471 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Type II arabinogalactans (AGs) are a highly diverse class of plant polysaccharides generally encountered as the carbohydrate moieties of certain extracellular proteoglycans, the so-called arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), which are found on plasma membranes and in cell walls. The basic structure of type II AG is a 1,3-β-D-galactan main chain with 1,6-β-D-galactan side chains. The side chains are further decorated with other sugars such as α-l-arabinose and β-d-glucuronic acid. In addition, AGs with 1,6-β-D-galactan as the main chain, which are designated as 'type II related AG' in this review, can also be found in several plants. Due to their diverse and heterogenous features, the determination of carbohydrate structures of type II and type II related AGs is not easy. On the other hand, these complex AGs are scientifically and commercially attractive materials whose structures can be modified by chemical and biochemical approaches for specific purposes. In the current review, what is known about the chemical structures of type II and type II related AGs from different plant sources is outlined. After that, structural analysis techniques are considered and compared. Finally, structural modifications that enhance or alter functionality are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Bidhan Chandra College, Asansol, 713304, West Bengal, India.
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan; Green Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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Carvajal-Barriga EJ, Fields RD. Sulfated polysaccharides as multi target molecules to fight COVID 19 and comorbidities. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13797. [PMID: 36811015 PMCID: PMC9936785 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of research to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection exploits the adaptive immune system, but innate immunity, the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes, is equally important in understanding and controlling infectious diseases. Various cellular mechanisms provide physiochemical barriers to microbe infection in mucosal membranes and epithelia, with extracellular polysaccharides, particularly sulfated polysaccharides, being among the most widespread and potent extracellular and secreted molecules blocking and deactivating bacteria, fungi, and viruses. New research reveals that a range of polysaccharides effectively inhibits COV-2 infection of mammalian cells in culture. This review provides an overview of sulfated polysaccharides nomenclature, its significance as immunomodulators, antioxidants, antitumors, anticoagulants, antibacterial, and as potent antivirals. It summarizes current research on various interactions of sulfated polysaccharide with a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and their application for potential treatments for COVID-19. These molecules interact with biochemical signaling in immune cell responses, by actions in oxidative reactions, cytokine signaling, receptor binding, and through antiviral and antibacterial toxicity. These properties provide the potential for the development of novel therapeutic treatments for SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious diseases from modified polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Javier Carvajal-Barriga
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Ecuador, Neotropical Center for the Biomass Research, Quito, Ecuador.,The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Children and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Douglas Fields
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Children and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Wouk J, Celestino GG, Rodrigues BCD, Malfatti CRM, Cunha MAA, Orsato A, Barbosa-Dekker AM, Dekker RFH, Lonni AASG, Reis Tavares E, Faccin-Galhardi LC. Sulfonated (1 → 6)-β-d-Glucan (Lasiodiplodan): A Promising Candidate against the Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Strain. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4041-4052. [PMID: 36173245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a persistent human pathogen, and the emergence of strains resistant to Acyclovir (ACV, reference drug) shows the urgency to develop new treatments. We report the antiherpetic mechanism of the action of lasiodiplodan (LAS-N, (1 → 6)-β-d-glucan) and its sulfonated derivative (LAS-S3) in vitro and in vivo. LAS-S3 showed anti-HSV-1 action with high selectivity indices for HSV-1 KOS (88.1) and AR (189.2), sensitive and resistant to ACV, respectively. LAS-S3 inhibited >80% of HSV-1 infection in different treatment protocols (virucidal, adsorption inhibition, and post-adsorption effects), even at low doses, and showed a preventive effect and DNA and protein synthesis inhibition. The antiherpetic effect was confirmed in vivo by the cosmetic LAS-S3-CRÈME decreasing cutaneous lesions of HSV-1, including the AR strain. LAS-S3 possessed a broad-spectrum mechanism of action acting in the early and post-adsorption stages of HSV-1 infection, and LAS-S3-CRÈME is a potential antiherpetic candidate for patients infected by HSV-1-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos R M Malfatti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Campus CEDETEG, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Mário A A Cunha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco 85503-390, Brazil
| | | | - Aneli M Barbosa-Dekker
- β-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos EIRELI, Lote 24A, Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 731 Avenida João Miguel Caram, Londrina 86036-700, Brazil
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- β-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos EIRELI, Lote 24A, Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 731 Avenida João Miguel Caram, Londrina 86036-700, Brazil
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Mukherjee S, Jana S, Khawas S, Kicuntod J, Marschall M, Ray B, Ray S. Synthesis, molecular features and biological activities of modified plant polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Huang W, Tan H, Nie S. Beneficial effects of seaweed-derived dietary fiber: Highlights of the sulfated polysaccharides. Food Chem 2022; 373:131608. [PMID: 34815114 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds and their derivatives are important bioresources of natural bioactive compounds. Nutritional studies indicate that dietary fibers derived from seaweeds have great beneficial potentials in human health and can be developed as functional food. Moreover, sulfated polysaccharides are more likely to be the main bioactive components which are widely distributed in various species of seaweeds including Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae and Chlorophyceae. The catabolism by gut microbiota of the seaweeds-derived dietary fibers (DFs) may be one of the pivotal pathways of their physiological functions. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the latest results of the physiological characteristics of seaweed-derived dietary fiber and highlighted the roles of sulfated polysaccharides in the potential regulatory mechanisms against disorders. Meanwhile, the effects of different types of seaweed-derived dietary fiber on gut microbiota were discussed. The analysis of the structure-function correlations and gut microbiota related mechanisms and will contribute to further better applications in food and biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Huizi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Kang J, Jia X, Wang N, Xiao M, Song S, Wu S, Li Z, Wang S, Cui SW, Guo Q. Insights into the structure-bioactivity relationships of marine sulfated polysaccharides: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Influence of the Structural Features of Carrageenans from Red Algae of the Far Eastern Seas on Their Antiviral Properties. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010060. [PMID: 35049914 PMCID: PMC8779503 DOI: 10.3390/md20010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural diversity and unique physicochemical properties of sulphated polysaccharides of red algae carrageenans (CRGs), to a great extent, determine the wide range of their antiviral properties. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of different structural types of CRGs: against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and enterovirus (ECHO-1). We found that CRGs significantly increased the resistance of Vero cells to virus infection (preventive effect), directly affected virus particles (virucidal effect), inhibited the attachment and penetration of virus to cells, and were more effective against HSV-1. CRG1 showed the highest virucidal effect on HSV-1 particles with a selective index (SI) of 100. CRG2 exhibited the highest antiviral activity by inhibiting HSV-1 and ECHO-1 plaque formation, with a SI of 110 and 59, respectively, when it was added before virus infection. CRG2 also significantly reduced the attachment of HSV-1 and ECHO-1 to cells compared to other CRGs. It was shown by molecular docking that tetrasaccharides—CRGs are able to bind with the HSV-1 surface glycoprotein, gD, to prevent virus–cell interactions. The revealed differences in the effect of CRGs on different stages of the lifecycle of the viruses are apparently related to the structural features of the investigated compounds.
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12
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Ray B, Ali I, Jana S, Mukherjee S, Pal S, Ray S, Schütz M, Marschall M. Antiviral Strategies Using Natural Source-Derived Sulfated Polysaccharides in the Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Major Human Pathogenic Viruses. Viruses 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 35062238 PMCID: PMC8781365 DOI: 10.3390/v14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a mere fraction of the huge variety of human pathogenic viruses can be targeted by the currently available spectrum of antiviral drugs. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has highlighted the urgent need for molecules that can be deployed quickly to treat novel, developing or re-emerging viral infections. Sulfated polysaccharides are found on the surfaces of both the susceptible host cells and the majority of human viruses, and thus can play an important role during viral infection. Such polysaccharides widely occurring in natural sources, specifically those converted into sulfated varieties, have already proved to possess a high level and sometimes also broad-spectrum antiviral activity. This antiviral potency can be determined through multifold molecular pathways, which in many cases have low profiles of cytotoxicity. Consequently, several new polysaccharide-derived drugs are currently being investigated in clinical settings. We reviewed the present status of research on sulfated polysaccharide-based antiviral agents, their structural characteristics, structure-activity relationships, and the potential of clinical application. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of sulfated polysaccharides involved in viral infection or in antiviral activity, respectively, are discussed, together with a focus on the emerging methodology contributing to polysaccharide-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Saikat Pal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Ahmad MM. Recent trends in chemical modification and antioxidant activities of plants-based polysaccharides: A review. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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14
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Lu W, Yang Z, Chen J, Wang D, Zhang Y. Recent advances in antiviral activities and potential mechanisms of sulfated polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118526. [PMID: 34420760 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides derived from plants, fungi and animals are well known as ideal functional products with multiple biological activities and few side effects. Among them, natural occurring sulfated polysaccharides and those from synthetic origin are increasingly causing more attention worldwide, as they have been proved to possess broad-spectrum antiviral activities. The focus of this review is on analyzing the current state of knowledge about the origin of sulfated polysaccharides, more importantly, the potential connection between the structure and their antiviral mechanisms. Sulfated polysaccharide may interfere with a few steps in the virus life cycle (i.e. adsorption, invasion, transcription and replication) and/or improve the host antiviral immune response. Moreover, their antiviral activity was affected by degree of substitution, substitution position, molecular weight, and spatial conformation. This review may provide approach for the development of novel and potent therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China.
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Di Wang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
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15
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Antioxidant activity of sulfated Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharides and their regulating effect on calcium oxalate crystal growth. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112338. [PMID: 34474889 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The nucleation, growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals and the oxidative damage of renal tubular epithelial cells are the key factors to induce kidney stones. In this study, degraded Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharide (PYP0) with 14.14% sulfate group (-OSO3-) content was modified via the sulfur trioxide-pyridine method to obtain three kinds of sulfated P. yezoensis polysaccharides (PYPs), namely, PYPS1, PYPS2, and PYPS3, with -OSO3- group contents of 17.11%, 20.28%, and 27.14% respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses showed that the -OSO3- groups replaced the hydroxyl groups at the C2, C4, and C6 positions on (1 → 3)-linked β-D-galactose, the basic structural skeleton unit of PYP0. The antioxidant activity of the PYPSs increased after sulfation, and their scavenging capacity for OH and DPPH free radicals was enhanced with the increase in their -OSO3- group content. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal growth experiments showed that sulfated PYPs promoted the conversion of the thermodynamically stable and sharp CaOx monohydrate (COM) crystals into the thermodynamically unstable and round CaOx dihydrate crystals. With the increase in the -OSO3- group content of the polysaccharides, the concentration of soluble Ca2+ ions in the supernatant increased and the amount of CaOx precipitate decreased. PYPs were nontoxic to human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and could protect HK-2 from oxidative damage caused by nano-COM and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species in cells. PYPS3, which had the highest degree of sulfation, had the best protective capability. The results of this work showed that sulfation improved the biological activity of PYPs. This study could provide inspiration for the development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.
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16
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Luo M, Zhang X, Wu J, Zhao J. Modifications of polysaccharide-based biomaterials under structure-property relationship for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118097. [PMID: 34044964 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are well accepted biomaterials that have attracted considerable attention. Compared with other materials under research, polysaccharides show unique advantages: they are available in nature and are normally easily acquired, those acquired from nature show favorable immunogenicity, and are biodegradable and bioavailable. The bioactivity and possible applications are based on their chemical structure; however, naturally acquired polysaccharides sometimes have unwanted flaws that limit further applications. For this reason, carefully summarizing the possible modifications of polysaccharides to improve them is crucial. Structural modifications can not only provide polysaccharides with additional functional groups but also change their physicochemical properties. This review based on the structure-property relation summarizes the common chemical modifications of polysaccharides, the related bioactivity changes, possible functionalization methods, and major possible biomedical applications based on modified polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moucheng Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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17
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Zhao Y, Tian N, Wang H, Yan H. Chemically Sulfated Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill: Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-HIV Activity. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100338. [PMID: 34296822 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIDS, caused by HIV-1, is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new drugs with more potent bioactivities, less toxicity and higher tolerability for controlling the viral load, particularly by using the raw materials that are widely available. Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), known in China as jisongrong, is of great importance as a food source and as a health-promoting supplement for immunomodulation. The polysaccharides of AbM exhibit various biological activities, such as regulating cellular immunity and providing anti-oxidative, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory effects. At present, to our knowledge, no report has explored the chemically sulfated and anti-HIV-1 activity of AbM polysaccharides. Herein, the sulfated AbM polysaccharides with different sulfur contents were prepared by the chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. The characteristics of sulfated derivatives were established by the determination of the sulfur content, the relative molecular weight, and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The anti-HIV activities of the sulfated AbM polysaccharides were evaluated by CCK-8 and the single-cycle pseudovirus infection (TZM-bl) assay. The sulfated AbM polysaccharides had strong antiviral properties, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations approached that of the positive control, azidothymidine. Sulfated modification of AbM polysaccharides can increase their anti-HIV pharmacological activity, which makes them promising alternative candidates as bioactive macromolecules for biomedical applications in HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhao
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing Economic Technological Development Area (BDA), No. 8 East Rongjing Street, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Nana Tian
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing Economic Technological Development Area (BDA), No. 8 East Rongjing Street, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing Economic Technological Development Area (BDA), No. 8 East Rongjing Street, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
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Salih AEM, Thissera B, Yaseen M, Hassane ASI, El-Seedi HR, Sayed AM, Rateb ME. Marine Sulfated Polysaccharides as Promising Antiviral Agents: A Comprehensive Report and Modeling Study Focusing on SARS CoV-2. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:406. [PMID: 34436245 PMCID: PMC8401819 DOI: 10.3390/md19080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) is a novel coronavirus strain that emerged at the end of 2019, causing millions of deaths so far. Despite enormous efforts being made through various drug discovery campaigns, there is still a desperate need for treatments with high efficacy and selectivity. Recently, marine sulfated polysaccharides (MSPs) have earned significant attention and are widely examined against many viral infections. This article attempted to produce a comprehensive report about MSPs from different marine sources alongside their antiviral effects against various viral species covering the last 25 years of research articles. Additionally, these reported MSPs were subjected to molecular docking and dynamic simulation experiments to ascertain potential interactions with both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS CoV-2's spike protein (S-protein) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). The possible binding sites on both S-protein's RBD and ACE2 were determined based on how they bind to heparin, which has been reported to exhibit significant antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 through binding to RBD, preventing the virus from affecting ACE2. Moreover, our modeling results illustrate that heparin can also bind to and block ACE2, acting as a competitor and protective agent against SARS CoV-2 infection. Nine of the investigated MSPs candidates exhibited promising results, taking into consideration the newly emerged SARS CoV-2 variants, of which five were not previously reported to exert antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2, including sulfated galactofucan (1), sulfated polymannuroguluronate (SPMG) (2), sulfated mannan (3), sulfated heterorhamnan (8), and chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E) (9). These results shed light on the importance of sulfated polysaccharides as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla E. M. Salih
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| | - Bathini Thissera
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| | - Mohammed Yaseen
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
| | - Ahmed S. I. Hassane
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Box 591, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.E.M.S.); (B.T.); (M.Y.); (A.S.I.H.)
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Nigam S, Singh R, Bhardwaj SK, Sami R, Nikolova MP, Chavali M, Sinha S. Perspective on the Therapeutic Applications of Algal Polysaccharides. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2021; 30:785-809. [PMID: 34305487 PMCID: PMC8294233 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-021-02231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Algae are an enormous source of polysaccharides and have gained much interest in human flourishing as organic drugs. Algal polysaccharides have aroused interest in the health sector owing to the various bioactivities namely anticancer, antiviral, immunoregulation, antidiabetic and antioxidant effects. The research community has comprehensively described the importance of algal polysaccharides regarding their extraction, purification, and potential use in various sectors. However, regardless of all the intriguing properties and potency in the health sector, these algal polysaccharides deserve detailed investigation. Hence, the present review emphasizes extensively on the previous and latest developments in the extraction, purification, structural properties and therapeutic bioactivities of algal polysaccharides to upgrade the knowledge for further advancement in this area of research. Moreover, the review also addresses the challenges, prospective research gaps and future perspective. We believe this review can provide a boost to upgrade the traditional methods of algal polysaccharide production for the development of efficacious drugs that will promote human welfare. Graphic Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Nigam
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, 201 313 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rachana Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, 201313 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sheetal Kaushik Bhardwaj
- Vant Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rokkayya Sami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria P. Nikolova
- Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Ruse “A. Kanchev”, 8 Studentska Str, 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria
| | - Murthy Chavali
- Nano Technology Research Centre (NTRC), MCETRC, and Aarshanano Composite Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522 201 India
| | - Surbhi Sinha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, 201313 Uttar Pradesh India
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20
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Andrew M, Jayaraman G. Marine sulfated polysaccharides as potential antiviral drug candidates to treat Corona Virus disease (COVID-19). Carbohydr Res 2021; 505:108326. [PMID: 34015720 PMCID: PMC8091805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has increased the mortality rate and engaged several adverse effects on the affected individuals. Currently available antiviral drugs have found to be unsuccessful in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The demand for efficient antiviral drugs has created a huge burden on physicians and health workers. Plasma therapy seems to be less accomplishable due to insufficient donors to donate plasma and low recovery rate from viral infection. Repurposing of antivirals has been evolved as a suitable strategy in the current treatment and preventive measures. The concept of drug repurposing represents new experimental approaches for effective therapeutic benefits. Besides, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits several complications such as lung damage, blood clot formation, respiratory illness and organ failures in most of the patients. Based on the accumulation of data, sulfated marine polysaccharides have exerted successful inhibition of virus entry, attachment and replication with known or unknown possible mechanisms against deadly animal and human viruses so far. Since the virus entry into the host cells is the key process, the prevention of such entry mechanism makes any antiviral strategy effective. Enveloped viruses are more sensitive to polyanions than non-enveloped viruses. Besides, the viral infection caused by RNA virus types embarks severe oxidative stress in the human body that leads to malfunction of tissues and organs. In this context, polysaccharides play a very significant role in providing shielding effect against the virus due to their polyanionic rich features and a molecular weight that hinders their reactive surface glycoproteins. Significantly the functional groups especially sulfate, sulfate pattern and addition, uronic acids, monosaccharides, glycosidic linkage and high molecular weight have greater influence in the antiviral activity. Moreover, they are very good antioxidants that can reduce the free radical generation and provokes intracellular antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, polysaccharides enable a host-virus immune response, activate phagocytosis and stimulate interferon systems. Therefore, polysaccharides can be used as candidate drugs, adjuvants in vaccines or combination with other antivirals, antioxidants and immune-activating nutritional supplements and antiviral materials in healthcare products to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monic Andrew
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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21
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P. Classification, structure and mechanism of antiviral polysaccharides derived from edible and medicinal fungus. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1753-1773. [PMID: 34048833 PMCID: PMC8144117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The deficiency of chemical-synthesized antiviral drugs when applied in clinical therapy, such as drug resistance, and the lack of effective antiviral drugs to treat some newly emerging virus infections, such as COVID-19, promote the demand of novelty and safety anti-virus drug candidate from natural functional ingredient. Numerous studies have shown that some polysaccharides sourcing from edible and medicinal fungus (EMFs) exert direct or indirect anti-viral capacities. However, the internal connection of fungus type, polysaccharides structural characteristics, action mechanism was still unclear. Herein, our review focus on the two aspects, on the one hand, we discussed the type of anti-viral EMFs and the structural characteristics of polysaccharides to clarify the structure-activity relationship, on the other hand, the directly or indirectly antiviral mechanism of EMFs polysaccharides, including virus function suppression, immune-modulatory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of population balance of gut microbiota have been concluded to provide a comprehensive theory basis for better clinical utilization of EMFs polysaccharides as anti-viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Product Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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22
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Jabeen M, Dutot M, Fagon R, Verrier B, Monge C. Seaweed Sulfated Polysaccharides against Respiratory Viral Infections. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:733. [PMID: 34065660 PMCID: PMC8156470 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections have been a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite massive advancements in the virology field, no specific treatment exists for most respiratory viral infections. Approved therapies against respiratory viruses rely almost exclusively on synthetic drugs that have potential side effects, restricting their use. This review aims to present natural marine sulfated polysaccharides possessing promising antiviral activity against respiratory viruses that could be a safe alternative to synthetic broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. The antiviral properties of marine sulfated polysaccharides are presented according to their mechanism of action on different types and strains of respiratory viruses, and the potential limits of their use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Jabeen
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France;
| | - Mélody Dutot
- Recherche & Développement, Yslab, 29000 Quimper, France; (M.D.); (R.F.)
| | - Roxane Fagon
- Recherche & Développement, Yslab, 29000 Quimper, France; (M.D.); (R.F.)
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France;
| | - Claire Monge
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France;
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23
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Chemically sulfated arabinoxylans from Plantago ovata seed husk: Synthesis, characterization and antiviral activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Jin M, Shi J, Zhu W, Yao H, Wang DA. Polysaccharide-Based Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering: A Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 27:604-626. [PMID: 33267648 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to proteins and nucleic acids, polysaccharides are an important type of biomacromolecule widely distributed in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Polysaccharides are considered as promising biomaterials due to their significant bioactivities, natural abundance, immunoactivity, and chemical modifiability for tissue engineering (TE) applications. Due to the similarities of the biochemical properties of polysaccharides and the extracellular matrix of human bodies, polysaccharides are increasingly recognized and accepted. Furthermore, the degradation behavior of these macromolecules is generally nontoxic. Certain delicate properties, such as remarkable mechanical properties and tunable tissue response, can be obtained by modifying the functional groups on the surface of polysaccharide molecules. The applications of polysaccharide-based biomaterials in the TE field have been growing intensively in recent decades, for example, bone/cartilage regeneration, cardiac regeneration, neural regeneration, and skin regeneration. This review summarizes the main essential properties of polysaccharides, including their chemical properties, crosslinking mechanisms, and biological properties, and focuses on the association between their structures and properties. The recent progress in polysaccharide-based biomaterials in various TE applications is reviewed, and the prospects for future studies are addressed as well. We intend this review to offer a comprehensive understanding of and inspiration for the research and development of polysaccharide-based materials in TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Junli Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, P.R. China.,Karolinska Institute Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR
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25
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Ray B, Schütz M, Mukherjee S, Jana S, Ray S, Marschall M. Exploiting the Amazing Diversity of Natural Source-Derived Polysaccharides: Modern Procedures of Isolation, Engineering, and Optimization of Antiviral Activities. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E136. [PMID: 33396933 PMCID: PMC7794815 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring polysaccharide sulfates are highly diverse, owning variations in the backbone structure, linkage pattern and stereochemistry, branching diversity, sulfate content and positions of sulfate group(s). These structural characteristics bring about diverse sulfated polymers with dissimilar negative charge densities and structure-activity relationships. Herein, we start with a short discussion of techniques needed for extraction, purification, chemical sulfation, and structural characterization of polysaccharides. Processes of isolation and sulfation of plant-derived polysaccharides are challenging and usually involve two steps. In this context, we describe an integrated extraction-sulfation procedure that produces polysaccharide sulfates from natural products in one step, thereby generating additional pharmacological activities. Finally, we provide examples of the spectrum of natural source-derived polysaccharides possessing specific features of bioactivity, in particular focusing on current aspects of antiviral drug development and drug-target interaction. Thus, the review presents a detailed view on chemically engineered polysaccharides, especially sulfated derivatives, and underlines their promising biomedical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
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IMU-838, a Developmental DHODH Inhibitor in Phase II for Autoimmune Disease, Shows Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Efficacy In Vitro. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121394. [PMID: 33291455 PMCID: PMC7762174 DOI: 10.3390/v12121394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) demands skillful strategies for novel drug development, drug repurposing and cotreatments, in particular focusing on existing candidates of host-directed antivirals (HDAs). The developmental drug IMU-838, currently being investigated in a phase 2b trial in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases, represents an inhibitor of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) with a recently proven antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo. Here, we established an analysis system for assessing the antiviral potency of IMU-838 and DHODH-directed back-up drugs in cultured cell-based infection models. By the use of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunofluorescence, Western blot, in-cell ELISA, viral yield reduction and RT-qPCR methods, we demonstrated the following: (i) IMU-838 and back-ups show anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity at several levels of viral replication, i.e., protein production, double-strand RNA synthesis, and release of infectious virus; (ii) antiviral efficacy in Vero cells was demonstrated in a micromolar range (IMU-838 half-maximal effective concentration, EC50, of 7.6 ± 5.8 µM); (iii) anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was distinct from cytotoxic effects (half-cytotoxic concentration, CC50, >100 µM); (iv) the drug in vitro potency was confirmed using several Vero lineages and human cells; (v) combination with remdesivir showed enhanced anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity; (vi) vidofludimus, the active determinant of IMU-838, exerted a broad-spectrum activity against a selection of major human pathogenic viruses. These findings strongly suggest that developmental DHODH inhibitors represent promising candidates for use as anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
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Yang J, Cao MX, Hu WY, Wei YY, Hu TJ. Sophorasubprosrate polysaccharide suppress the inflammatory reaction of RAW264.7 cells infected with PCV2 via regulation NF-κB/MAPKs/c-Jun signal pathway and histone acetylation modification. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:957-965. [PMID: 32442564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of Sophorasubprosrate polysaccharide (SSP) on inflammatory response and histone acetylation modification of RAW264.7 cells (mouse mononuclear macrophage cell line) infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). We further explored the role of inflammatory response and histone acetylation modification on the basis of the original study. The results showed that SSP decreased the secretion levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and the intracellular iNOS, COX-2 enzyme activities and their mRNA expression levels in PCV2 infected RAW264.7 cells, but increased the level of IL-10 secretion and its mRNA expression. SSP inhibited the phosphorylation levels of proteins of p65, ERK1/2, p38 and c-Jun in RAW264.7 cells infected with PCV2. The activities of HAT and HDAC enzymes and the mRNA expression levels of HAT1 and HDAC1 were increased when the PCV2-infected RAW264.7 cells were treated by SSP. Meanwhile, the expression of acetylation modification of histones both H3 and H4 was obviously inhibited. In conclusion, SSP may reduce the acetylation levels of both H3 and H4 and activate NF-κB/MAPKs/c-Jun signaling pathway by increasing the activity of HADC enzyme and the expression of HDAC mRNA, further inhibiting inflammatory response by regulating the gene expression levels of inflammatory factors. The findings indicated that the molecular mechanism of how traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide regulates inflammatory signal pathways and inflammatory factors by regulating histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, PR China
| | - Mi-Xia Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Wen-Yue Hu
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Ying-Yi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ting-Jun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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Li S, Li N, Qin S, Xue L, Chen Y, Li H. Purification, Characterization and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides from the Stalk of <i>Abelmoschus manihot</i> (L.) Medic. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Shaoshuang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Lingyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Heyu Li
- Yibeijian Biotechnology co. LTD
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