1
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Yan W, Bai R, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Chen G, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Guo X, Xiao Y, Zhao F. Metagenomic insights into ecological risk of antibiotic resistome and mobilome in riverine plastisphere under impact of urbanization. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108946. [PMID: 39151267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are of increasing concern due to their role as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and pathogens. To date, few studies have explored the influence of anthropogenic activities on ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) within various riverine MPs, in comparison to their natural counterparts. Here an in-situ incubation was conducted along heavily anthropogenically-impacted Houxi River to characterize the geographical pattern of antibiotic resistome, mobilome and pathogens inhabiting MPs- and leaf-biofilms. The metagenomics result showed a clear urbanization-driven profile in the distribution of ARGs, MGEs and pathogens, with their abundances sharply increasing 4.77 to 19.90 times from sparsely to densely populated regions. The significant correlation between human fecal marker crAssphage and ARG (R2 = 0.67, P=0.003) indicated the influence of anthropogenic activity on ARG proliferation in plastisphere and natural leaf surfaces. And mantel tests and random forest analysis revealed the impact of 17 socio-environmental factors, e.g., population density, antibiotic concentrations, and pore volume of materials, on the dissemination of ARGs. Partial least squares-path modeling further unveiled that intensifying human activities not only directly boosted ARGs abundance but also exerted a comparable indirect impact on ARGs propagation. Furthermore, the polyvinylchloride plastisphere created a pathogen-friendly habitat, harboring higher abundances of ARGs and MGEs, while polylactic acid are not likely to serve as vectors for pathogens in river, with a lower resistome risk score than that in leaf-biofilms. This study highlights the diverse ecological risks associated with the dissemination of ARGs and pathogens in varied MPs, offering insights for the policymaking of usage and control of plastics within urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifu Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Rui Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuhao Jiang
- Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China
| | - Geng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
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2
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Srivastava P, Saji J, Manickam N. Biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by Brucella intermedia IITR130 and its proposed metabolic pathway. Biodegradation 2024; 35:671-685. [PMID: 38459363 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-024-10070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polyester in ecosystems across the globe is a major pollution of concern. Microbial degradation recently generated novel insights into the biodegradation of varieties of plastics. In this study, a PET degrading bacterium Brucella intermedia IITR130 was isolated from a contaminated lake ecosystem at Pallikaranai, Chennai, India. Incubation of the bacterium along with the PET sheet (0.1 mm thickness) for 60 days resulted in 26.06% degradation, indicating a half-life of 137.8 days. Considerable changes in the surface morphology of the PET sheet were found as holes, pits, and cracks on incubation with strain IITR130, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After bacterial treatment of PET, the formation of new functional groups, most notably in the area of 3326 cm-1 suggestive of O-H stretch, leading to carboxylic acid and alcohol as products were suggested by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Monomethyl terephthalate (MMT) and terephthalic acid (TPA) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis as PET degradation metabolites. Tributyrin clearance assay confirmed the presence of a lipase/esterase enzyme in the strain IITR130. In this study, a degradation pathway for PET by an isolated and identified bacterium Brucella intermedia IITR130 was characterized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Srivastava
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Joel Saji
- Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Natesan Manickam
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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3
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Vaksmaa A, Vielfaure H, Polerecky L, Kienhuis MVM, van der Meer MTJ, Pflüger T, Egger M, Niemann H. Biodegradation of polyethylene by the marine fungus Parengyodontium album. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:172819. [PMID: 38679106 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in the marine realm is a severe environmental problem. Nevertheless, plastic may also serve as a potential carbon and energy source for microbes, yet the contribution of marine microbes, especially marine fungi to plastic degradation is not well constrained. We isolated the fungus Parengyodontium album from floating plastic debris in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and measured fungal-mediated mineralization rates (conversion to CO2) of polyethylene (PE) by applying stable isotope probing assays with 13C-PE over 9 days of incubation. When the PE was pretreated with UV light, the biodegradation rate of the initially added PE was 0.044 %/day. Furthermore, we traced the incorporation of PE-derived 13C carbon into P. album biomass using nanoSIMS and fatty acid analysis. Despite the high mineralization rate of the UV-treated 13C-PE, incorporation of PE-derived 13C into fungal cells was minor, and 13C incorporation was not detectable for the non-treated PE. Together, our results reveal the potential of P. album to degrade PE in the marine environment and to mineralize it to CO2. However, the initial photodegradation of PE is crucial for P. album to metabolize the PE-derived carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vaksmaa
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, the Netherlands.
| | - H Vielfaure
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), Paris, France
| | - L Polerecky
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - M V M Kienhuis
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - M T J van der Meer
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, the Netherlands
| | - T Pflüger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Egger
- The Ocean Cleanup, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Egger Research and Consulting, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - H Niemann
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, the Netherlands; Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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4
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Martín-González D, de la Fuente Tagarro C, De Lucas A, Bordel S, Santos-Beneit F. Genetic Modifications in Bacteria for the Degradation of Synthetic Polymers: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5536. [PMID: 38791573 PMCID: PMC11121894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic polymers, commonly known as plastics, are currently present in all aspects of our lives. Although they are useful, they present the problem of what to do with them after their lifespan. There are currently mechanical and chemical methods to treat plastics, but these are methods that, among other disadvantages, can be expensive in terms of energy or produce polluting gases. A more environmentally friendly alternative is recycling, although this practice is not widespread. Based on the practice of the so-called circular economy, many studies are focused on the biodegradation of these polymers by enzymes. Using enzymes is a harmless method that can also generate substances with high added value. Novel and enhanced plastic-degrading enzymes have been obtained by modifying the amino acid sequence of existing ones, especially on their active site, using a wide variety of genetic approaches. Currently, many studies focus on the common aim of achieving strains with greater hydrolytic activity toward a different range of plastic polymers. Although in most cases the depolymerization rate is improved, more research is required to develop effective biodegradation strategies for plastic recycling or upcycling. This review focuses on a compilation and discussion of the most important research outcomes carried out on microbial biotechnology to degrade and recycle plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martín-González
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (A.D.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Carlos de la Fuente Tagarro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (A.D.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrea De Lucas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (A.D.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Sergio Bordel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (A.D.L.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Beneit
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (A.D.L.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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5
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Sun Y, Sun G. A natural butter glyceride as a plasticizer for improving thermal, mechanical, and biodegradable properties of poly(lactide acid). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130366. [PMID: 38401589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biobased and biodegradable thermoplastic polyester with great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics. However, its poor toughness and slow biodegradation rate affect broad applications of PLA in many areas. In this study, a glycerol triester existing in natural butter, glycerol tributyrate, was creatively explored and compared with previously investigated triacetin and tributyl citrate, as potential plasticizers of PLA for achieving improved mechanical and biodegradation performances. The compatibilities of these agents with PLA were assessed quantitively via the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) and measured by using different testing methods. The incorporation of these compounds with varied contents ranging from 1 to 30 % in PLA altered thermal, mechanical, and biodegradation properties consistently, and the relationship and impacts of chemical structures and properties of these agents were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that glycerol tributyrate is a novel excellent plasticizer for PLA and the addition of this triester not only effectively reduced the glass transition, cold crystallization, and melting temperatures and Young's modulus, but also led to a significant improvement in the enzymatic degradation rate of the plasticized PLA. This study paves a way for the development of sustainable and eco-friendly food grade plasticized PLA products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufa Sun
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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6
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Yin C, Hemstedt J, Scheuer K, Struczyńska M, Weber C, Schubert US, Bossert J, Jandt KD. The Effect of Stereocomplexation and Crystallinity on the Degradation of Polylactide Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:440. [PMID: 38470771 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) are frequently researched and used in drug delivery. The degradation of PNPs is highly dependent on various properties, such as polymer chemical structure, size, crystallinity, and melting temperature. Hence, a precise understanding of PNP degradation behavior is essential for optimizing the system. This study focused on enzymatic hydrolysis as a degradation mechanism by investigation of the degradation of PNP with various crystallinities. The aliphatic polyester polylactide ([C3H4O2]n, PLA) was used as two chiral forms, poly l-lactide (PlLA) and poly d-lactide (PdLA), and formed a unique crystalline stereocomplex (SC). PNPs were prepared via a nanoprecipitation method. In order to further control the crystallinity and melting temperatures of the SC, the polymer poly(3-ethylglycolide) [C6H8O4]n (PEtGly) was synthesized. Our investigation shows that the PNP degradation can be controlled by various chemical structures, crystallinity and stereocomplexation. The influence of proteinase K on PNP degradation was also discussed in this research. AFM did not reveal any changes within the first 24 h but indicated accelerated degradation after 7 days when higher EtGly content was present, implying that lower crystallinity renders the particles more susceptible to hydrolysis. QCM-D exhibited reduced enzyme adsorption and a slower degradation rate in SC-PNPs with lower EtGly contents and higher crystallinities. A more in-depth analysis of the degradation process unveiled that QCM-D detected rapid degradation from the outset, whereas AFM exhibited delayed changes of degradation. The knowledge gained in this work is useful for the design and creation of advanced PNPs with enhanced structures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yin
- Chair of Material Science (CMS), Otto Schott Institute for Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jenny Hemstedt
- Chair of Material Science (CMS), Otto Schott Institute for Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Karl Scheuer
- Chair of Material Science (CMS), Otto Schott Institute for Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maja Struczyńska
- Chair of Material Science (CMS), Otto Schott Institute for Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Neugasse 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Bossert
- Chair of Material Science (CMS), Otto Schott Institute for Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Chair of Material Science (CMS), Otto Schott Institute for Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Neugasse 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
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7
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Swiontek Brzezinska M, Shinde AH, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B, Jankiewicz U, Urbaniak J, Boczkowski S, Zasada L, Ciesielska M, Dembińska K, Pałubicka K, Michalska-Sionkowska M. Biodegradability Study of Modified Chitosan Films with Cinnamic Acid and Ellagic Acid in Soil. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:574. [PMID: 38475259 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, natural polymer materials with bactericidal properties are extremely popular. Unfortunately, although the biopolymer material itself is biodegradable, its enrichment with bactericidal compounds may affect the efficiency of biodegradation by natural soil microflora. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma in facilitating the degradation of chitosan film modified with cinnamic acid and ellagic acid in the soil environment. Only two strains (T.07 and T.14) used chitosan films as a source of carbon and nitrogen. However, their respiratory activity decreased with the addition of tested phenolic acids, especially cinnamic acid. Addition of Trichoderma isolates to the soil increased oxygen consumption during the biodegradation process compared with native microorganisms, especially after application of the T.07 and T.14 consortium. Isolates T.07 and T.14 showed high lipolytic (55.78 U/h and 62.21 U/h) and chitinase (43.03 U/h and 41.27 U/h) activities. Chitinase activity after incorporation of the materials into the soil was higher for samples enriched with T.07, T.14 and the consortium. The isolates were classified as Trichoderma sp. and Trichoderma koningii. Considering the outcomes derived from our findings, it is our contention that the application of Trichoderma isolates holds promise for expediting the degradation process of chitosan materials containing bactericidal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Ambika H Shinde
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Urbaniak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Sławomir Boczkowski
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Lidia Zasada
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ciesielska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dembińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pałubicka
- Department of Conservation and Restoration of Paper and Leather, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Sienkiewicza 30/32, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Michalska-Sionkowska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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8
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Soo XYD, Jia L, Lim QF, Chua MH, Wang S, Hui HK, See JMR, Chen Y, Li J, Wei F, Tomczak N, Kong J, Loh XJ, Fei X, Zhu Q. Hydrolytic degradation and biodegradation of polylactic acid electrospun fibers. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141186. [PMID: 38215833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Increased use of bioplastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, decreases energy consumption and lowers pollution, but its degradation efficiency has much room for improvement. The degradation rate of electrospun PLA fibers of varying diameters ranging from 0.15 to 1.33 μm is measured during hydrolytic degradation under different pH from 5.5 to 10, and during aerobic biodegradation in seawater supplemented with activated sewage sludge. In hydrolytic conditions, varying PLA fiber diameter had significant influence over percentage weight loss (W%L), where faster degradation was achieved for PLA fibers with smaller diameter. W%L was greatest for PLA-5 > PLA-12 > PLA-16 > PLA-20, with average W%L at 30.7%, 27.8%, 17.2% and 14.3% respectively. While different pH environment does not have a significant influence on PLA degradation, with W%L only slightly higher for basic environments. Similarly biodegradation displayed faster degradation for small diameter fibers with PLA-5 attaining the highest degree of biodegradation at 22.8% after 90 days. Hydrolytic degradation resulted in no significant structural change, while biodegradation resulted in significant hydroxyl end capping products on the PLA surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of degraded PLA fibers showed a deteriorated morphology of PLA-5 and PLA-12 fibers with increased adhesion structures and irregularly shaped fibers, while a largely unmodified morphology for PLA-16 and PLA-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yun Debbie Soo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Linran Jia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Qi Feng Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Suxi Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Hui Kim Hui
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Regine See
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yunjie Chen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jiuwei Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Fengxia Wei
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Nikodem Tomczak
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Junhua Kong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore; Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore.
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9
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Malunavicius V, Padaiga A, Stankeviciute J, Pakalniskis A, Gudiukaite R. Engineered Geobacillus lipolytic enzymes - Attractive polyesterases that degrade polycaprolactones and simultaneously produce esters. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127656. [PMID: 37884253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems plaguing the modern world. Polyester-based plastics contribute significantly to this ecological safety concern. In this study, lipolytic biocatalysts GD-95RM and GDEst-lip developed based on lipase/esterase produced by Geobacillus sp. 95 strain were applied for the degradation of polycaprolactone films (Mn 45.000 (PCL45000) and Mn 80.000 (PCL80000)). The degradation efficiency was significantly enhanced by the addition of short chain alcohols. Lipase GD-95RM (1 mg) can depolymerize 264.0 mg and 280.7 mg of PCL45000 and PCL80000, films respectively, in a 24 h period at 30 °C, while the fused enzyme GDEst-lip (1 mg) is capable of degrading 145.5 mg PCL45000 and 134.0 mg of PCL80000 films in 24 h. The addition of ethanol (25 %) improves the degradation efficiency ~2.5 fold in the case of GD-95RM. In the case of GDEst-lip, 50 % methanol was found to be the optimal alcohol solution and the degradation efficiency was increased by ~3.25 times. The addition of alcohols not only increased degradation speeds but also allowed for simultaneous synthesis of industrially valuable 6-hydroxyhexonic acid esters. The suggested system is an attractive approach for removing of plastic waste and supports the principles of bioeconomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilius Malunavicius
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Antanas Padaiga
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonita Stankeviciute
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Pakalniskis
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renata Gudiukaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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10
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Han G, Oh S, Yeo SJ, Lee J, Lim H. Eco-friendly polycaprolactone-bound diatomite filter for the removal of metal ions and micro/nanoplastics from water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166956. [PMID: 37717776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, pollution levels in aquatic environments due to heavy metal ions and micro/nanoplastics have increased owing to industrial development, causing adverse effects on microorganisms. Adsorbent-based filtration is a well-developed technique for removing contaminants from aquatic environments. However, this technique should be improved from the perspectives of eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness, as commercial adsorbents require energy-intensive synthesis and post-processing with chelating agents. In this study, an eco-friendly filtration system was developed. This system employs biodegradable, natural materials, such as diatomite to remove metal ions and micro/nanoplastics and polycaprolactone (PCL) to make the free-form shapes. The filter removes metal ions via adsorption and micro/nanoplastics via physical size filtration and adsorption. This PCL-bound diatomite filter was fabricated from a mixture of acetone, PCL, and diatomite, varying its size, thickness, shape, and stacking number for a particular objective and usage. The adsorption capacity, kinetics, and permeation flux of the membrane were measured, and the stacking number of the membranes were optimized to maximize the removal efficiency of the target contaminants. This filter is completely biodegradable, as indicated by the degradation of the PCL binder within 60 days in water, without any treatment. The degradable, eco-friendly PCL-bound diatomite filter is a low-cost and sustainable component that can be utilized in various applications, especially potable drinking water production from river in developing country and filtering the micro/nanoplastics from the commercially bottled drinking water in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuhyeon Han
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjong Oh
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ju Yeo
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea; Institute of Quantum Biophysics, University of Science and Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuneui Lim
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea; Department of Nano-mechatronics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Swiontek Brzezinska M, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B, Dąbrowska GB, Michalska-Sionkowska M, Dembińska K, Richert A, Pejchalová M, Kumar SB, Kalwasińska A. Application Potential of Trichoderma in the Degradation of Phenolic Acid-Modified Chitosan. Foods 2023; 12:3669. [PMID: 37835322 PMCID: PMC10572696 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the potential use of fungi of the genus Trichoderma for the degradation of phenolic acid-modified chitosan in compost. At the same time, the enzymatic activity in the compost was checked after the application of a preparation containing a suspension of the fungi Trichoderma (spores concentration 105/mL). The Trichoderma strains were characterized by high lipase and aminopeptidase activity, chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanases. T. atroviride TN1 and T. citrinoviride TN3 metabolized the modified chitosan films best. Biodegradation of modified chitosan films by native microorganisms in the compost was significantly less effective than after the application of a formulation composed of Trichoderma TN1 and TN3. Bioaugmentation with a Trichoderma preparation had a significant effect on the activity of all enzymes in the compost. The highest oxygen consumption in the presence of chitosan with tannic acid film was found after the application of the consortium of these strains (861 mg O2/kg after 21 days of incubation). Similarly, chitosan with gallic acid and chitosan with ferulic acid were found after the application of the consortium of these strains (849 mgO2/kg and 725 mg O2/kg after 21 days of incubation). The use of the Trichoderma consortium significantly increased the chitinase activity. The application of Trichoderma also offers many possibilities in sustainable agriculture. Trichoderma can not only degrade chitosan films, but also protect plants against fungal pathogens by synthesizing chitinases and β-1,3 glucanases with antifungal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (K.D.); (S.B.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (G.B.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Marta Michalska-Sionkowska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (K.D.); (S.B.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Dembińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (K.D.); (S.B.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (G.B.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Marcela Pejchalová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Sudentska 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic;
| | - Sweta Binod Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (K.D.); (S.B.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (K.D.); (S.B.K.); (A.K.)
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12
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Breslawec AP, Liang T, Deng Z, Kuperman LL, Yu Q. Strategy to combat biofilms: a focus on biofilm dispersal enzymes. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:63. [PMID: 37679355 PMCID: PMC10485009 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms, which consist of three-dimensional extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), not only function as signaling networks, provide nutritional support, and facilitate surface adhesion, but also serve as a protective shield for the residing bacterial inhabitants against external stress, such as antibiotics, antimicrobials, and host immune responses. Biofilm-associated infections account for 65-80% of all human microbial infections that lead to serious mortality and morbidity. Tremendous effort has been spent to address the problem by developing biofilm-dispersing agents to discharge colonized microbial cells to a more vulnerable planktonic state. Here, we discuss the recent progress of enzymatic eradicating strategies against medical biofilms, with a focus on dispersal mechanisms. Particularly, we review three enzyme classes that have been extensively investigated, namely glycoside hydrolases, proteases, and deoxyribonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochi Wang
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanteng Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Alexandra P Breslawec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Tingting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University Jinming Campus, 475004, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhifen Deng
- Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Laura L Kuperman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
- Mirimus Inc., 760 Parkside Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11226, USA.
| | - Qiuning Yu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
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13
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Li P, Jiang L, Lan L, Liu F, Liu Z, Huang Y, Dan Y. Sustainable polylactide materials with the function of blocking a specific wavelength of light based on aloe-emodin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125744. [PMID: 37423438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide, a biodegradable polymer, can alleviate white pollution, but the use of polylactide in food packaging is limited by high transmittance to light with a specific wavelength, UV (185-400 nm) and short-wavelength visible (400-500 nm) light. Herein, the polylactide end-capped with renewable light absorber aloe-emodin (PLA-En), is blended with commercial polylactide (PLA) to fabricate the polylactide film with the function of blocking light with a specific wavelength, PLA/PLA-En film. Only 40 % of light around 287 and 430 nm transmits through PLA/PLA-En film incorporating 3 mass% of PLA-En, while the film still maintains good mechanical properties and high transparency more than 90 % at 660 nm because of the good compatibility with PLA. The PLA/PLA-En film exhibits stable light-blocking properties under light irradiation and anti-solvent migration under the immersion of fat simulant. Almost no PLA-En migrated out of the film with the molecular weight of PLA-En only 2.89 × 104 g/mol. Compared with PLA film and commercial PE plastic wrap, the designed PLA/PLA-En film exhibits a better preservative effect on riboflavin and milk for inhibiting the production of 1O2. This study offers a green strategy for developing UV and short-wavelength light protective food package film based on renewable resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lidan Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yi Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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14
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Tertyshnaya YV, Podzorova MV, Khramkova AV, Ovchinnikov VA, Krivandin AV. Structural Rearrangements of Polylactide/Natural Rubber Composites during Hydro- and Biotic Degradation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081930. [PMID: 37112077 PMCID: PMC10145913 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the work, the impact of the biological medium and water on structural rearrangements in pure polylactide and polylactide/natural rubber film composites was studied. Polylactide/natural rubber films with a rubber content of 5, 10, and 15 wt.% were obtained by the solution method. Biotic degradation was carried out according to the Sturm method at a temperature of 22 ± 2 °C. Hydrolytic degradation was studied at the same temperature in distilled water. The structural characteristics were controlled by thermophysical, optical, spectral, and diffraction methods. Optical microscopy revealed the surface erosion of all samples after exposure to microbiota and water. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a decrease in the degree of crystallinity of polylactide by 2-4% after the Sturm test, and a tendency to an increase in the degree of crystallinity after the action of water was noted. Changes in the chemical structure were shown in the spectra recorded by infrared spectroscopy. Due to degradation, significant changes in the intensities of the bands in the regions of 3500-2900 and 1700-1500 cm-1 were shown. The X-ray diffraction method established differences in diffraction patterns in very defective and less damaged regions of polylactide composites. It was determined that pure polylactide hydrolyzed more readily under the action of distilled water than polylactide/natural rubber composites. Film composites were more rapidly subjected to biotic degradation. The degree of biodegradation of polylactide/natural rubber composites increased with the rise in the content of natural rubber in the compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Tertyshnaya
- Department of Biological and Chemical Physics of Polymers, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., Moscow 119334, Russia
- Department of Chemistry of Innovative Materials and Technologies, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny per., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Maria V Podzorova
- Department of Biological and Chemical Physics of Polymers, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., Moscow 119334, Russia
- Department of Chemistry of Innovative Materials and Technologies, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny per., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | | | - Vasily A Ovchinnikov
- Department of Chemistry of Innovative Materials and Technologies, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny per., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Krivandin
- Department of Biological and Chemical Physics of Polymers, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., Moscow 119334, Russia
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15
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Sourkouni G, Jeremić S, Kalogirou C, Höfft O, Nenadovic M, Jankovic V, Rajasekaran D, Pandis P, Padamati R, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Argirusis C. Study of PLA pre-treatment, enzymatic and model-compost degradation, and valorization of degradation products to bacterial nanocellulose. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:161. [PMID: 37067621 PMCID: PMC10110681 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
It is well acknowledged that microplastics are a major environmental problem and that the use of plastics, both petro- and bio- based, should be reduced. Nevertheless, it is also a necessity to reduce the amount of the already spread plastics. These cannot be easily degraded in the nature and accumulate in the food supply chain with major danger for animals and human life. It has been shown in the literature that advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) modify the surface of polylactic acid (PLA) materials in a way that bacteria more efficiently dock on their surface and eventually degrade them. In the present work we investigated the influence of different AOPs (ultrasounds, ultraviolet irradiation, and their combination) on the biodegradability of PLA films treated for different times between 1 and 6 h. The pre-treated samples have been degraded using a home model compost as well as a cocktail of commercial enzymes at mesophilic temperatures (37 °C and 42 °C, respectively). Degradation degree has been measured and degradation products have been identified. Excellent degradation of PLA films has been achieved with enzyme cocktail containing commercial alkaline proteases and lipases of up to 90% weight loss. For the first time, we also report valorization of PLA into bacterial nanocellulose after enzymatic hydrolysis of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Sourkouni
- Clausthal Centre for Materials Technology (CZM), Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 9, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
| | - Sanja Jeremić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade (UB), Vojvode Stepe 444a,, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Charalampia Kalogirou
- Clausthal Centre for Materials Technology (CZM), Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 9, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou St., Zografou Campus, 15773, Athens, Greece
| | - Oliver Höfft
- Institute for Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Marija Nenadovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade (UB), Vojvode Stepe 444a,, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Vukasin Jankovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade (UB), Vojvode Stepe 444a,, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Divya Rajasekaran
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pavlos Pandis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou St., Zografou Campus, 15773, Athens, Greece
| | - Ramesh Padamati
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade (UB), Vojvode Stepe 444a,, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Christos Argirusis
- Clausthal Centre for Materials Technology (CZM), Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 9, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou St., Zografou Campus, 15773, Athens, Greece
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16
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Richert A, Kalwasińska A, Jankiewicz U, Brzezinska MS. Effect of birch tar embedded in polylactide on its biodegradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124226. [PMID: 36996957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The plasticized film was made of polylactide and birch tar, which was used in a concentration of 1, 5 and 10 % by weight. Tar was added to the polymer to obtain materials with antimicrobial properties. The main purpose of this work is to characterize and biodegradation of this film after the end of its use. Therefore, the following analyzes were performed: enzymatic activity of microorganisms in the presence of polylactide (PLA) film containing birch tar (BT), biodegradation process in compost, barrier changes and structural properties of the film before and after biodegradation and bioaugmentation. Biological oxygen demand BOD21, water vapor permeability (Pv), oxygen permeability (Po), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and enzymatic activity of microorganisms were assessed. Microorganism strains Bacillus toyonensis AK2 and Bacillus albus AK3 were isolated and identified, which constituted an effective consortium increasing the susceptibility of polylactide polymer material with tar to biodegradation in compost. Analyses with the use of the above-mentioned strains had an impact on the change of physicochemical properties, e.g. the presence of biofilm on the surface of the analyzed films and the reduction of the barrier properties of the film, which translates into the recorded susceptibility to biodegradation of these materials. The analyzed films can be used in the packaging industry, and after use, subjected to intentional biodegradation processes, including bioaugmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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17
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Tayouri MI, Estaji S, Mousavi SR, Salkhi Khasraghi S, Jahanmardi R, Nouranian S, Arjmand M, Khonakdar HA. Degradation of polymer nanocomposites filled with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles: A review of current status. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Li X, Lin Y, Liu M, Meng L, Li C. A review of research and application of polylactic acid composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihua University Jilin China
| | - Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihua University Jilin China
| | - Mingli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihua University Jilin China
| | - Lipeng Meng
- Forestry Resource Utilization Institute Jilin Forestry Scientific Research Institute Jilin China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihua University Jilin China
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19
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Mouhoubi R, Lasschuijt M, Ramon Carrasco S, Gojzewski H, Wurm FR. End-of-life biodegradation? how to assess the composting of polyesters in the lab and the field. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 154:36-48. [PMID: 36209717 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aerobic composting of biodegradable plastics can be a promising solution to the growing issue of waste accumulation. Therefore, this article offers a review of papers investigating the biodegradability of polyesters (PLA, PHB, PBS and PCL) in home- and industrial composting. Not only the thermal and biodegradation properties are discussed, but also a comparison is made between the different polyesters under the same composting conditions. From this review, it becomes clear that composting shows promise for polyester waste management. However, although several methods for assessing the composting properties of polyester have been developed, the fact that they rarely follow the same standards does not allow for a comparative analysis that would clearly define composting as the most viable solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakine Mouhoubi
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Lasschuijt
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Salma Ramon Carrasco
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Hubert Gojzewski
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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20
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Mironov VV, Trofimchuk ES, Zagustina NA, Ivanova OA, Vanteeva AV, Bochkova EA, Ostrikova VV, Zhang S. Solid-Phase Biodegradation of Polylactides (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822060102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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21
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The Effect of Various Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes on Viscoelastic, Thermal Properties and Crystallization of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235078. [PMID: 36501477 PMCID: PMC9737336 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane POSS nanoparticles can be applied as reinforcing additives modifying various properties of biodegradable polymers. The effects of aminopropylisobutyl POSS (amine-POSS), trisilanolisooctyl-POSS (HO-POSS) and glycidyl-POSS (Gly-POSS) on the viscoelastic, thermal properties and crystallization of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL were studied. The analysis of the viscoelastic properties at ambient temperature indicated that aminopropylisobutyl POSS (amine-POSS) and glycidyl-POSS (Gly-POSS) enhanced the dynamic mechanical properties of PCL. The increase in the storage shear modulus G' and loss modulus G″ was observed. The plasticizing effect of trisilanolisooctyl POSS (HO-POSS) due to the presence of long isoctyl groups was confirmed. As a result, the crystallization of PCL was facilitated and the degree of crystallinity of χc increased up to 50.9%. The damping properties and the values of tan δ for PCL/HO-POSS composition increased from 0.052 to 0.069. The TGA results point out the worsening of the PCL thermal stability, with lower values of T0.5%, T1% and T3%. Both HO-POSS and Gly-POSS facilitated the relaxation of molten PCL. The presence of Gly-POSS influenced the changes that occurred in the viscoelastic properties of the molten PCL due to the thermo-mechanical degradation of the material; a positive impact was observed.
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22
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Bher A, Mayekar PC, Auras RA, Schvezov CE. Biodegradation of Biodegradable Polymers in Mesophilic Aerobic Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12165. [PMID: 36293023 PMCID: PMC9603655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding alternatives to diminish plastic pollution has become one of the main challenges of modern life. A few alternatives have gained potential for a shift toward a more circular and sustainable relationship with plastics. Biodegradable polymers derived from bio- and fossil-based sources have emerged as one feasible alternative to overcome inconveniences associated with the use and disposal of non-biodegradable polymers. The biodegradation process depends on the environment's factors, microorganisms and associated enzymes, and the polymer properties, resulting in a plethora of parameters that create a complex process whereby biodegradation times and rates can vary immensely. This review aims to provide a background and a comprehensive, systematic, and critical overview of this complex process with a special focus on the mesophilic range. Activity toward depolymerization by extracellular enzymes, biofilm effect on the dynamic of the degradation process, CO2 evolution evaluating the extent of biodegradation, and metabolic pathways are discussed. Remarks and perspectives for potential future research are provided with a focus on the current knowledge gaps if the goal is to minimize the persistence of plastics across environments. Innovative approaches such as the addition of specific compounds to trigger depolymerization under particular conditions, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and the addition of natural and/or modified enzymes are state-of-the-art methods that need faster development. Furthermore, methods must be connected to standards and techniques that fully track the biodegradation process. More transdisciplinary research within areas of polymer chemistry/processing and microbiology/biochemistry is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal Bher
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones, CONICET-UNaM, Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pooja C. Mayekar
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rafael A. Auras
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Carlos E. Schvezov
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones, CONICET-UNaM, Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
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23
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Urtaza U, Guaresti O, Gorroñogoitia I, Zubiarrain-Laserna A, Muiños-López E, Granero-Moltó F, Lamo de Espinosa JM, López-Martinez T, Mazo M, Prósper F, Zaldua AM, Anakabe J. 3D printed bioresorbable scaffolds for articular cartilage tissue engineering: a comparative study between neat polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactide-b-ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) block copolymer. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35700720 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac78b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work identifies and describes different material-scaffold geometry combinations for cartilage tissue engineering (CTE). Previously reported potentially interesting scaffold geometries were tuned and printed using bioresorbable polycaprolactone and poly(lactide-b-ethylene) block copolymer. Medical grades of both polymers were 3D printed with fused filament fabrication technology within an ISO 7 classified cleanroom. Resulting scaffolds were then optically, mechanically and biologically tested. Results indicated that a few material-scaffold geometry combinations present potential for excellent cell viability as well as for an enhance of the chondrogenic properties of the cells, hence suggesting their suitability for CTE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Emma Muiños-López
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J M Lamo de Espinosa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Mazo
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Jon Anakabe
- Leartiker S. Coop., Markina-Xemein 48270, Spain
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24
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Tokajuk J, Deptuła P, Chmielewska SJ, Skłodowski K, Mierzejewska ŻA, Grądzka-Dahlke M, Tołstoj A, Daniluk T, Paprocka P, Savage PB, Bucki R. Ceragenin CSA-44 as a Means to Control the Formation of the Biofilm on the Surface of Tooth and Composite Fillings. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050491. [PMID: 35631012 PMCID: PMC9143991 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent oral infections, as manifested by endodontic and periodontal disease, are often caused by Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Candida albicans (C. albicans). Here, we assessed the anti-biofilm activity of ceragenin CSA-44 against these microbes growing as a biofilm in the presence of saliva on the surface of human teeth and dental composite (composite filling) subjected to mechanical stresses. Methods: Biofilm mass analysis was performed using crystal violet (CV) staining. The morphology, viscoelastic properties of the biofilm after CSA-44 treatment, and changes in the surface of the composite in response to biofilm presence were determined by AFM microscopy. Results: CSA-44 prevented biofilm formation and reduced the mass of biofilm formed by tested microorganisms on teeth and dental composite. Conclusion: The ability of CSA-44 to prevent the formation and to reduce the presence of established biofilm on tooth and composite filling suggests that it can serve as an agent in the development of new methods of combating oral pathogens and reduce the severity of oral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tokajuk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.T.); (P.D.); (S.J.C.); (K.S.); (T.D.)
- Dentistry and Medicine Tokajuk, Żelazna 9/7, 15-297 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Deptuła
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.T.); (P.D.); (S.J.C.); (K.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Sylwia J Chmielewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.T.); (P.D.); (S.J.C.); (K.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Karol Skłodowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.T.); (P.D.); (S.J.C.); (K.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Żaneta A Mierzejewska
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Grądzka-Dahlke
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (M.G.-D.); (A.T.)
| | - Adam Tołstoj
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (M.G.-D.); (A.T.)
| | - Tamara Daniluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.T.); (P.D.); (S.J.C.); (K.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Paulina Paprocka
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Paul B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.T.); (P.D.); (S.J.C.); (K.S.); (T.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-54-83
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25
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Dadashi P, Babaei A, Abdolrasouli MH. Investigating the hydrolytic degradation of
PLA
/
PCL
/
ZnO
nanocomposites by using viscoelastic models. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Dadashi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymer Engineering Golestan University Gorgan Iran
| | - Amir Babaei
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymer Engineering Golestan University Gorgan Iran
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26
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dos Santos Filho EA, Luna CBB, Siqueira DD, Ferreira EDSB, Araújo EM. Tailoring Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Properties: Effect of the Impact Modifiers EE-g-GMA and POE-g-GMA. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:136. [PMID: 35012156 PMCID: PMC8747380 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene-octene) grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (POE-g-GMA) and ethylene elastomeric grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (EE-g-GMA) were used as impact modifiers, aiming for tailoring poly(lactic acid) (PLA) properties. POE-g-GMA and EE-g-GMA was used in a proportion of 5; 7.5 and 10%, considering a good balance of properties for PLA. The PLA/POE-g-GMA and PLA/EE-g-GMA blends were processed in a twin-screw extruder and injection molded. The FTIR spectra indicated interactions between the PLA and the modifiers. The 10% addition of EE-g-GMA and POE-g-GMA promoted significant increases in impact strength, with gains of 108% and 140%, respectively. These acted as heterogeneous nucleating agents in the PLA matrix, generating a higher crystallinity degree for the blends. This impacted to keep the thermal deflection temperature (HDT) and Shore D hardness at the same level as PLA. By thermogravimetry (TG), the blends showed increased thermal stability, suggesting a stabilizing effect of the modifiers POE-g-GMA and EE-g-GMA on the PLA matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed dispersed POE-g-GMA and EE-g-GMA particles, as well as the presence of ligand reinforcing the systems interaction. The PLA properties can be tailored and improved by adding small concentrations of POE-g-GMA and EE-g-GMA. In light of this, new environmentally friendly and semi-biodegradable materials can be manufactured for application in the packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Antonio dos Santos Filho
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (C.B.B.L.); (D.D.S.); (E.d.S.B.F.); (E.M.A.)
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27
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Richert A, Olewnik-Kruszkowska E, Dąbrowska GB, Dąbrowski HP. The Role of Birch Tar in Changing the Physicochemical and Biocidal Properties of Polylactide-Based Films. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010268. [PMID: 35008694 PMCID: PMC8745625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to produce bactericidal polymer films containing birch tar (BT). The produced polymer films contain PLA, plasticiser PEG (5% wt.) and birch tar (1, 5 and 10% wt.). Compared to plasticised PLA, films with BT were characterised by reduced elongation at break and reduced water vapour permeability, which was the lowest in the case of film with 10% wt. BT content. Changes in the morphology of the produced materials were observed by performing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis; the addition of BT caused the surface of the film to be non-uniform and to contain recesses. FTIR analysis of plasticised PLA/BT films showed that the addition of birch tar did not change the crystallinity of the obtained materials. According to ISO 22196: 2011, the PLA film with 10% wt. BT content showed the highest antibacterial effect against the plant pathogens A. tumefaciens, X. campestris, P. brassicacearum, P. corrugata, P. syringae. It was found that the introduction of birch tar to plasticised PLA leads to a material with biocidal effect and favourable physicochemical and structural properties, which classifies this material for agricultural and horticultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-566114576
| | - Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Henryk P. Dąbrowski
- Laboratory of Dendrochronology, Archaeological Museum in Biskupin, 88-410 Gasawa, Poland;
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28
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Richert A, Kalwasińska A, Brzezinska MS, Dąbrowska GB. Biodegradability of Novel Polylactide and Polycaprolactone Materials with Bacteriostatic Properties Due to Embedded Birch Tar in Different Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10228. [PMID: 34638570 PMCID: PMC8508706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial biodegradation of new PLA and PCL materials containing birch tar (1-10% v/v) was investigated. Product of dry distillation of birch bark (Betula pendula Roth) was added to polymeric materials to obtain films with antimicrobial properties. The subject of the study was the course of enzymatic degradation of a biodegradable polymer with antibacterial properties. The results show that the type of the material, tar concentration, and the environment influenced the hydrolytic activity of potential biofilm degraders. In the presence of PCL films, the enzyme activities were higher (except for α-D-glucosidase) compared to PLA films. The highest concentration of birch tar (10% v/v) decreased the activity of hydrolases produced by microorganisms to the most significant extent; however, SEM analysis showed the presence of a biofilm even on plastics with the highest tar content. Based on the results of the biological oxygen demand (BOD), the new materials can be classified as biodegradable but, the biodegradation process was less efficient when compared to plastics without the addition of birch tar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.K.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.K.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
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29
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Biodegradable and renewable UV-shielding polylactide composites containing hierarchical structured POSS functionalized lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:323-332. [PMID: 34375661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The demand for biodegradable and renewable UV-shielding materials is ever increasing due to the rising concern for the environment. In this paper, biobased lignin was functionalized by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with an epoxy substituent. Then the POSS decorated lignin (lignin-POSS) was mixed with polylactide (PLA) to act as UV-shielding filler by melt compounding. The SEM observation revealed that the presence of POSS contributed to improving the homogeneous dispersion of lignin-POSS in the PLA matrix with good compatibility when the content of lignin-POSS was lower than 5 wt%. The synergistic effects of lignin and POSS endowed PLA composite films with a good balance of UV-shielding ability and transparency in the visible light region. With the addition of 5 wt% lignin-POSS, the PLA composite film absorbed almost all UV irradiation across the entire UV spectrum. In addition, the presence of lignin-POSS could serve as a nucleating agent to increase the degree of crystallinity of PLA. The dynamical rheological tests revealed that the lignin-POSSS reduced the complex viscosity and storage modulus of PLA composites, improving the flowability of PLA composites. This work presents a viable pathway to prepare biodegradable and renewable UV-shielding materials for potential packaging applications.
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30
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Swiontek Brzezinka M, Richert A, Kalwasińska A, Świątczak J, Deja-Sikora E, Walczak M, Michalska-Sionkowska M, Piekarska K, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B. Microbial degradation of polyhydroxybutyrate with embedded polyhexamethylene guanidine derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:309-318. [PMID: 34310995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate biofilm-forming bacteria that are capable of degrading polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) with polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) derivatives. The three types of derivatives incorporated in PHB and their concentration affected the biodegradability of the tested films in both water and compost. The PHMG derivative granular polyethylene wax at the highest concentration significantly inhibited BOD in both environments. At the same time, in water, PHB with PHMG stearate at 1% concentration was also found to inhibit biodegradation but to a lesser extent than PHMG polyethylene wax granulate. Analyzing the values of biofilm abundance and their hydrolytic activity in water, low concentrations of PHMG derivatives (0.2 and 0.6%) slightly inhibited biofilm abundance on the surface of the tested composites. Only granular polyethylene wax PHMG (at 1% concentration) significantly reduced biofilm formation and hydrolase activity in the compost to the greatest extent. Bacteria from biofilm were isolated and identified. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strains belong to Bacillus toyonensis HW1 and Variovorax boronicumulans HK3. Introduction of the tested isolates to the environment can enhance composites degradation. However, this requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinka
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Edyta Deja-Sikora
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Maciej Walczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Marta Michalska-Sionkowska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piekarska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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31
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Li P, Zhu X, Kong M, Lv Y, Huang Y, Yang Q, Li G. Fully biodegradable polylactide foams with ultrahigh expansion ratio and heat resistance for green packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:222-234. [PMID: 33930441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Long chain branching (LCB) structures are efficiently introduced into polylactide (PLA) by employing sustainable soybean oil (SO) under the initiation of trace amount of cyclic peroxide, which displays robust foamability and heat resistance. It is discovered that with the introduction of 0.6 wt% SO, the expansion ratio and Vicat softening temperature of LCB PLA are sharply raised to 75.2-fold and 155.8 °C, respectively, which is about 17.9 and 2.6 times those of linear PLA. This is because that the amounts of LCB structures are significantly increased in LCB PLA by the addition of SO with low reactivity of internal CC bonds, which can avoid the oligomerization reaction, resulting in more dramatically improved melting strength and crystallization performance of LCB PLA. Moreover, the hydrolytic degradation of LCB PLA is largely expedited as compared to linear PLA, owing to the more rapid water permeation caused by the loose packing of LCB structures. Finally, the PLA foam tray with light weight and good heat resistance is successfully developed by using LCB PLA with 0.6 wt% SO through extrusion foaming with supercritical carbon oxide and thermoforming techniques. Hence, this research offers a green route to produce eco-friendly light-weight and high-heat-resistance LCB-PLA foam with full biodegradability, which is an ideal alternative to the non-degradable oil-based plastics in the field of disposable packaging products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Yadong Lv
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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32
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Dąbrowska GB, Janczak K, Richert A. Combined use of Bacillus strains and Miscanthus for accelerating biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene terephthalate). PeerJ 2021; 9:e10957. [PMID: 33850642 PMCID: PMC8018249 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to verify whether the presence of Bacillus strains and of miscanthus influence biodegradation and formed of biofilm of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Methods The experiment conducted in compost soil showed that strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus isolated from heavy metal contaminated environment have biochemical activity and accelerate biodegradation of both plastic materials. Results For PLA film it was found that the carbonyl index dropped by over 15% in the presence of B. subtilis, while the film tensile strength decreased by 35% and the oxygen to carbon O/C ratio was higher by 3% in the presence of B. cereus, and the presence of miscanthus resulted in a loss of weight. For PET film, a decrease in the carbonyl index by 16% was observed following inoculation with B. cereus. The metabolic activity of this strain contributed to the reduction of the film’s tensile strength by 17% and to the increase in the permeability to O2 and CO2. The most intense degradation of PET film was observed in the presence of bacteria and plants. B. subtilis strain combined with miscanthus plantings may be a promising method for accelerating PLA and PET degradation in compost soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna B Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Janczak
- Research Network Łukasiewicz, Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, Research Network Łukasiewicz, Toruń, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Poland
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