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Davis KM, Petersen KS, Matthan NR, Legro RS, Kris‐Etherton PM. Effect of Incorporating 1 Avocado per Day Versus Habitual Diet on Vascular Function in Adults With Abdominal Obesity: An Ancillary Study of HAT, a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e030497. [PMID: 38726886 PMCID: PMC11179816 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction and poorer vascular health. Avocado consumption improves postprandial endothelial function; however, the longer-term effects remain unclear. It was hypothesized that the daily addition of 1 avocado to a habitual diet for 6 months would improve flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in individuals with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥35 in for women, ≥40 in for men), compared with a habitual diet low in avocados. METHODS AND RESULTS HAT (Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial) was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel-arm study that investigated the health effects of adding 1 avocado per day to a habitual diet in individuals with abdominal obesity. At the Pennsylvania State University, University Park study center (n=134; age, 50 ± 13 years; women, 78%; body mass index, 32.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2), markers of vascular function were measured, including endothelial function, assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, and arterial stiffness, assessed via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Between-group differences in 6-month change in flow-mediated dilation and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were assessed using independent t tests. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted using linear regression. No significant between-group differences in flow-mediated dilation (mean difference=-0.62% [95% CI, -1.70 to 0.46]) or carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (0.25 m/s [95% CI, -0.13 to 0.63]) were observed. Results of the subgroup analyses were consistent with the primary analyses. CONCLUSIONS Longer-term consumption of 1 avocado per day as part of a habitual diet did not improve measures of vascular function compared with a habitual diet low in avocados in individuals with abdominal obesity. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03528031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Davis
- Department of Nutritional SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
- Department of PsychologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Kristina S. Petersen
- Department of Nutritional SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Nirupa R. Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on AgingTufts UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Richard S. Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPAUSA
- Department of Public Health SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPAUSA
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Tarabeih N, Kalinkovich A, Ashkenazi S, Cherny SS, Shalata A, Livshits G. Relationships between Circulating Biomarkers and Body Composition Parameters in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Community-Based Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:881. [PMID: 38255954 PMCID: PMC10815336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease involving multiple physiological, biochemical, and metabolic abnormalities. The search for reliable biomarkers may help to better elucidate its pathogenesis and develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies. In the present population-based study, we looked for biomarkers of MetS among obesity- and inflammation-related circulating factors and body composition parameters in 1079 individuals (with age range between 18 and 80) belonging to an ethnically homogeneous population. Plasma levels of soluble markers were measured by using ELISA. Body composition parameters were assessed using bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Statistical analysis, including mixed-effects regression, with MetS as a dependent variable, revealed that the most significant independent variables were mainly adipose tissue-related phenotypes, including fat mass/weight (FM/WT) [OR (95% CI)], 2.77 (2.01-3.81); leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio), 1.50 (1.23-1.83); growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels, 1.32 (1.08-1.62); inflammatory markers, specifically monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), 2.53 (2.00-3.15), and a few others. Additive Bayesian network modeling suggests that age, sex, MHR, and FM/WT are directly associated with MetS and probably affect its manifestation. Additionally, MetS may be causing the GDF-15 and L/A ratio. Our novel findings suggest the existence of complex, age-related, and possibly hierarchical relationships between MetS and factors associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tarabeih
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Stacey S. Cherny
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Adel Shalata
- The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
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Marzà-Florensa A, Drotos E, Gulayin P, Grobbee DE, Irazola V, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Vaartjes I. Prevalence of Cardioprotective Medication Use in Coronary Heart Disease Patients in South America: Systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Glob Heart 2022; 17:37. [PMID: 35837361 PMCID: PMC9187244 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of death globally, and clinical guidelines recommend cardioprotective medications for patients with established CHD. Suboptimal use of these medications has been reported, but information from South America is scarce. Methods We conducted a systematic review on prevalence of secondary prevention medication in South America. We pooled prevalence estimates, analysed time-trends and guideline compliance, and identified factors associated with medication use with meta-regression models. Results 73 publications were included. Medication prevalence varied by class: beta-blockers 73.4%(95%CI 66.8%-79.1%), ACEI/ARBs 55.8%(95%CI 49.7%-61.8), antiplatelets 84.6%(95%CI 79.6%-88.5%), aspirin 85.1%(95%CI 79.7%-89.3%) and statins 78.9%(95%CI 71.2%-84.9%). The use of beta-blockers, ACEI/ARBs and statins increased since 1993. Ten publications reported low medication use and nine reported adequate use. Medication use was lower in community, public and rehabilitation settings compared to tertiary centres. Conclusion Cardioprotective medication use has increased, but could be further improved particularly in community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Marzà-Florensa
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E. Drotos
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P. Gulayin
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D. E. Grobbee
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V. Irazola
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K. Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I. Vaartjes
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Higher Physical Activity Level Improves Leptin Concentrations in Spinal Cord Injury Subjects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9415253. [PMID: 34621899 PMCID: PMC8492252 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9415253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to compare the body composition and indicators of chronic inflammatory grade, such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations in irregularly active and active SCI subjects. Thirty-two male subjects participated in this study. They were divided into three groups: able-bodied control irregularly active (control, n = 11), irregularly active with SCI (SCI-IA, n = 8), and physically active with SCI (SCI-PA, n = 13). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assessed serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. All volunteers performed the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) test, 24 h total energy expenditure (TEE), and body composition by skinfold thicknesses. Leptin concentrations were higher in the SCI-IA group when compared to the other groups, while no significant differences were found between the SCI-PA and control cohorts. In addition, no significant differences were found among groups for serum adiponectin and resistin concentrations either. The SCI-PA group showed significantly higher values for TEE and VO2max when compared to the other groups. Percentages of body fat and circumference were decreased in the control and SCI-PA groups when compared to the SCI-IA cohort. Associations between leptin and cardiorespiratory capacity and anthropometric markers were also observed. Our findings highlight that the lack of physical activity in the SCI subjects leads to poor general physical fitness and higher levels of body adiposity, which may induce hyperleptinemia, an essential marker for cardiometabolic disorders.
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Zuo J, Chao H, Tang B, Avolio AP, Schlaich MP, Nolde JM, Adji A, Carnagarin R. Female Gender Is Associated with Higher Susceptibility of Weight Induced Arterial Stiffening and Rise in Blood Pressure. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163479. [PMID: 34441775 PMCID: PMC8396951 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular events, independent of traditional risk factors. Stiffening of arteries, though an adaptive process to hemodynamic load, results in substantial increase in the pulsatile hemodynamic forces that detrimentally affects the microcirculation perfusing the vital organs such as the brain, heart and kidneys. Studies have proposed that arterial stiffness precedes and may contribute to the development of hypertension in individuals with obesity. Our study sought to determine the gender-based effects on arterial stiffening in obesity which may predispose to the development of hypertension. We found female sex is associated with higher susceptibility of weight-related arterial stiffening and rise in blood pressure in obesity. Women had significantly higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) with higher body mass index (BMI) status (normal: 7.9 ± 2 m/s; overweight: 9.1 ± 2 m/s; obese: 9 ± 2 m/s, p < 0.001), whereas it was similar in males across all BMI categories. The linear association between arterial stiffness and BMI following adjustment for age and brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), remained significant in females (β = 0.06; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.1; p < 0.05) but not in males (β = 0.04; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.1; p > 0.05). The mean CF-PWV values increased by 0.1 m/s for every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI in the female subjects in the age adjusted linear model, while such effect was not seen in the male subjects. In line with arterial stiffening, the overweight and obese females demonstrated significantly higher systolic brachial BP. (BP difference: ΔBP 9-11 mmHg, p < 0.01) and central systolic pressure (ΔBP 8-10 mmHg, p < 0.05) compared to their lean counterparts, unlike the male subjects. Our results suggest that female gender is associated with higher susceptibility of weight-related arterial stiffening and rise in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zuo
- Department of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Centre, Ruijin Hospital/Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.Z.); (H.C.); (B.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Huijuan Chao
- Department of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Centre, Ruijin Hospital/Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.Z.); (H.C.); (B.T.)
| | - Biwen Tang
- Department of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Centre, Ruijin Hospital/Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.Z.); (H.C.); (B.T.)
| | - Alberto P. Avolio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Markus P. Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (M.P.S.); (J.M.N.)
- Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Neurovascular Hypertension & Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Janis Marc Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (M.P.S.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Audrey Adji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- St Vincent’s Hospital and Clinical School UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (R.C.); Tel.: +61-2-8382-1111 (A.A.); +61-8-9224-0316 (R.C.)
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (M.P.S.); (J.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (R.C.); Tel.: +61-2-8382-1111 (A.A.); +61-8-9224-0316 (R.C.)
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Bagnato G, Pigatto E, Bitto A, Pizzino G, Irrera N, Abignano G, Ferrera A, Sciortino D, Wilson M, Squadrito F, Buch MH, Emery P, Zanatta E, Gangemi S, Saitta A, Cozzi F, Roberts WN, Del Galdo F. The PREdictor of MAlnutrition in Systemic Sclerosis (PREMASS) Score: A Combined Index to Predict 12 Months Onset of Malnutrition in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:651748. [PMID: 33816531 PMCID: PMC8010181 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.651748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Malnutrition is a severe complication in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) and it is associated with significant mortality. Notwithstanding, there is no defined screening or clinical pathway for patients, which is hampering effective management and limiting the opportunity for early intervention. Here we aim to identify a combined index predictive of malnutrition at 12 months using clinical data and specific serum adipokines. Methods: This was an international, multicentre observational study involving 159 SSc patients in two independent discovery (n = 98) and validation (n = 61) cohorts. Besides routine clinical and serum data at baseline and 12 months, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) score and serum concentration of leptin and adiponectin were measured for each participant at baseline. The endpoint of malnutrition was defined according to European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) recommendation. Significant parameters from univariate analysis were tested in logistic regression analysis to identify the predictive index of malnutrition in the derivation cohort. Results: The onset of malnutrition at 12 months correlated with adiponectin, leptin and their ratio (A/L), MUST, clinical subset, disease duration, Scl70 and Forced Vital Capaciy (FVC). Logistic regression analysis defined the formula: -2.13 + (A/L*0.45) + (Scl70*0.28) as the best PREdictor of MAlnutrition in SSc (PREMASS) (AUC = 0.96; 95% CI 0.93, 0.99). PREMASS < -1.46 had a positive predictive value (PPV) > 62% and negative predictive value (NPV) > 97% for malnutrition at 12 months. Conclusion: PREMASS is a feasible index which has shown very good performance in two independent cohorts for predicting malnutrition at 12 months in SSc. The implementation of PREMASS could aid both in clinical management and clinical trial stratification/enrichment to target malnutrition in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bagnato
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Erika Pigatto
- Department of Medicine, Villa Salus Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pizzino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Abignano
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IReL), Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonino Ferrera
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Sciortino
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Wilson
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maya H. Buch
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Emery
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Franco Cozzi
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Del Galdo
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Kim H, Kang JH, Jung DI, Kang BT, Chang D, Yang MP. A preliminary evaluation of the circulating leptin/adiponectin ratio in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and concurrent diabetes mellitus. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106506. [PMID: 32920447 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leptin and adiponectin are thought to modulate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function, but there is limited information regarding the adipokine status of hyperglycemic dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. This study aimed to determine whether alterations in the leptin/adiponectin ratio, insulin sensitivity, and/or pancreatic β-cell function are associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). A total of 48 client-owned dogs were included in this prospective observational study: 20 dogs with PDH (10 normoglycemic and 10 with DM), 15 dogs with DM, and 13 healthy dogs. The serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured, and homeostatic model assessment indices (HOMAs) were calculated and compared among the groups. Serum leptin was significantly higher in PDH dogs with and without DM than in healthy and DM dogs, and it was lower in DM dogs than in PDH dogs without DM. Serum adiponectin was significantly lower in PDH dogs with DM than in healthy and PDH dogs, and it was significantly lower in DM dogs than in healthy dogs. Serum IL-10 was significantly higher in PDH dogs with DM than in healthy and PDH dogs without DM. The leptin/adiponectin ratio was significantly higher in PDH dogs with DM than in normoglycemic PDH dogs. Serum IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in DM dogs than in healthy dogs. Serum IL-1β concentration was significantly higher in DM dogs than in healthy dogs and PDH dogs with DM and without DM. Serum TNF-α and IL-18 concentrations were not different among groups. The HOMAβ-cell function was significantly lower in PDH dogs with DM than in normoglycemic PDH dogs, while HOMAinsulin sensitivity was significantly lower in PDH dogs with DM than in healthy dogs. These results suggest that adipokine dysregulation, a reduction in insulin sensitivity, and a further impairment in pancreatic β-cell function might predispose PDH dogs to DM. Further longitudinal study will be necessary to confirm this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Kang
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - D-I Jung
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - B-T Kang
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - D Chang
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - M-P Yang
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
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Bonakdari H, Tardif G, Abram F, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J. Serum adipokines/related inflammatory factors and ratios as predictors of infrapatellar fat pad volume in osteoarthritis: Applying comprehensive machine learning approaches. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9993. [PMID: 32561782 PMCID: PMC7305166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) has been associated with knee osteoarthritis onset and progression. This study uses machine learning (ML) approaches to predict serum levels of some adipokines/related inflammatory factors and their ratios on knee IPFP volume of osteoarthritis patients. METHODS Serum and MRI were from the OAI at baseline. Variables comprised the 3 main osteoarthritis risk factors (age, gender, BMI), 6 adipokines, 3 inflammatory factors, and their 36 ratios. IPFP volume was assessed on MRI with a ML methodology. The best variables and models were identified in Total-cohort (n = 678), High-BMI (n = 341) and Low-BMI (n = 337), using a selection approach based on ML methods. RESULTS The best model for each group included three risk factors and adipsin/C-reactive protein combined for Total-cohort, adipsin/chemerin; High-BMI, chemerin/adiponectin HMW; and Low-BMI, interleukin-8. Gender separation improved the prediction (13-16%) compared to the BMI-based models. Reproducibility with osteoarthritis patients from a clinical trial was excellent (R: female 0.83, male 0.95). Pseudocodes based on gender were generated. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates for the first time that the combination of the serum levels of adipokines/inflammatory factors and the three main risk factors of osteoarthritis could predict IPFP volume with high reproducibility, with the superior performance of the model accounting for gender separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Bonakdari
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Soils and Agri-Food Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ginette Tardif
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Abram
- Medical Imaging, ArthroLab Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Liu W, Zhou X, Li Y, Zhang S, Cai X, Zhang R, Gong S, Han X, Ji L. Serum leptin, resistin, and adiponectin levels in obese and non-obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19052. [PMID: 32028423 PMCID: PMC7015632 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in adipocytokine profiles can contribute to peripheral insulin resistance and impairment of insulin production, which are 2 primary pathophysiological mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies of disturbed adipocytokine profiles have resulted in ambiguous findings; therefore, we conducted the current study comparing leptin, resistin, and adiponectin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM who had normal body mass index (BMI) and those who were obese.We studied a population-based cohort of healthy participants and those with newly diagnosed T2DM. A normal BMI group was randomly selected; age- and sex-matched obese participants were recruited. Circulating leptin, resistin, and adiponectin concentrations were measured and compared between groups using analysis of variance; binary logistic regression analysis was then performed to compare the normal BMI and obese groups.In total, 85 healthy participants and 38 patients with diabetes (19 with normal BMI and 17 who were obese) were enrolled. After adjustment for BMI and waist circumference, the median leptin concentration was higher in the obese group (6.77 (3.89-10.73) ng/mL) than in the normal BMI group (1.69 (0.80-3.89) ng/mL) (P = .007), whereas the median adiponectin concentration was lower in the obese group (1.03 (0.75-2.36) μg/mL vs 3.36 (0.59-7.63) μg/mL, P = .03). In addition, the adiponectin/leptin ratio was higher in the normal BMI group (145.6 (41.3-495.9) ng/mL) than in the obese group (20.55 (8.74-36.94) ng/mL, P = .002).Compared with the normal BMI T2DM group, the obese T2DM group exhibited a disturbed adipocytokine profile in the form of a significantly increased leptin concentration and reduced adiponectin level. Further studies are needed to determine the causal relationship for this difference and evaluate its importance for personalized diabetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Siqian Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Xueyao Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
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Relationship between BMI and aortic stiffness: influence of anthropometric indices in hypertensive men and women. J Hypertens 2019; 38:249-256. [PMID: 31460994 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased aortic stiffness could be one of the mechanisms by which obesity increases cardiovascular risk independently of traditional risk factors. Studies have suggested that anthropometric indices may be predictors of cardiovascular risk but few studies have investigated their relations with aortic stiffness in high cardiovascular risk population. We investigated the strength of correlation between different anthropometric indices with aortic stiffness in hypertensive and diabetic patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 474 hypertensive patients. Anthropometric indices were calculated: BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio (WHtR). Aortic stiffness was assessed by measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). Correlations between indices and PWV were investigated by linear regression analyses and hierarchical analyses after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Regional anthropometric indices were more strongly correlated with PWV than BMI in both sexes. In linear regression analyses, WHtR presented the highest correlation with PWV than other indices in our study population. In adjusted hierarchical regression used, WHtR had the highest additive value on top of BMI while there no additive value of BMI on top of WHtR. These differences remained after adjustment on cardiovascular events. In men WHtR was more closely correlated with PWV than others. In women, waist-hip ratio and WHtR were equally correlated with PWV compared with BMI. CONCLUSION Regional anthropometric indices are more closely correlated with PWV than BMI in hypertensive patients. WHtR presents the highest correlation with PWV beyond BMI. REGISTRATION The study was registered in the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (No. 2013-A00227-38) and was approved by the Advisory Committee for Protection of Persons in Biomedical Research.
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Martel-Pelletier J, Tardif G, Rousseau Trépanier J, Abram F, Dorais M, Raynauld JP, Pelletier JP. The ratio adipsin/MCP-1 is strongly associated with structural changes and CRP/MCP-1 with symptoms in obese knee osteoarthritis subjects: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1163-1173. [PMID: 31102776 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need to identify reliable biomarkers that can predict knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression. We investigated a panel of adipokines and some related inflammatory factors alone and their ratios for their associative value at assessing cartilage volume loss over time and symptoms in obese [High body mass index (BMI)] and non-obese (Low BMI) OA subjects. DESIGN Human OA serum was from the Osteoarthritis Initiative Progression subcohort. Baseline levels of adiponectin (high and low molecular weight forms), adipsin, chemerin, leptin, visfatin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were evaluated with specific assays. Cartilage volume was assessed at baseline and 48 months by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and symptoms using baseline Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores. Data were analysed by linear regression with confounding factors at baseline, followed by multiple comparison adjustment. RESULTS The levels of the nine biomarkers and their ratios (36) were studied. Among High BMI subjects, only the ratio adipsin/MCP-1 was associated with cartilage volume loss over time in the lateral compartment [β, -2.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), -4.42, -1.49; P = 0.010], whereas MCP-1 was associated with WOMAC pain (-1.74; -2.75, -0.73; P = 0.030) and the ratio CRP/MCP-1 with WOMAC pain (0.76; 0.37, 1.14; P = 0.023), function (2.43; 1.20, 3.67; P = 0.020) and total (3.29; 1.58, 5.00; P = 0.027). No associations were found for biomarkers or ratios in Low BMI OA. CONCLUSION In this study, the ratio adipsin/MCP-1 was found to be associated with the knee structural changes and that of CRP/MCP-1 with symptoms in obese OA subjects. Our data further underline the relevance of ratios as biomarkers to a stronger association to OA progression and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - G Tardif
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - J Rousseau Trépanier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - F Abram
- Medical Imaging Research & Development, ArthroLab Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - M Dorais
- StatSciences Inc., Notre-Dame-de-l'Île-Perrot, Quebec, Canada.
| | - J-P Raynauld
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - J-P Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Risk Factors for Unhealthy Weight Gain and Obesity among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133285. [PMID: 31277383 PMCID: PMC6650879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by social and communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Children with ASD are also at a higher risk for developing overweight or obesity than children with typical development (TD). Childhood obesity has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including insulin resistance, diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. Importantly some key factors that play a mediating role in these higher rates of obesity include lifestyle factors and biological influences, as well as secondary comorbidities and medications. This review summarizes current knowledge about behavioral and lifestyle factors that could contribute to unhealthy weight gain in children with ASD, as well as the current state of knowledge of emerging risk factors such as the possible influence of sleep problems, the gut microbiome, endocrine influences and maternal metabolic disorders. We also discuss some of the clinical implications of these risk factors and areas for future research.
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Hristov I, Mocanu V, Zugun-Eloae F, Labusca L, Cretu-Silivestru I, Oboroceanu T, Tiron C, Tiron A, Burlacu A, Pinzariu AC, Armasu I, Neagoe RM, Covic A, Scripcariu V, Timofte DV. Association of intracellular lipid accumulation in subcutaneous adipocyte precursors and plasma adipokines in bariatric surgery candidates. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:141. [PMID: 31189474 PMCID: PMC6563373 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipocyte expansion is a critical process with implications in the pathogenesis of obesity associated metabolic syndrome. Impaired adipogenesis leads to dysfunctional, hypertrophic adipocytes, local inflammation and peripheric insulin resistance. METHODS We assessed the relationship between the adipogenic differentiation capacity of the subcutaneous adipose derived stem cells (ASCs), evaluated by total lipid accumulation, and the metabolic and hormonal profile in a group of obese female patients proposed for bariatric surgery (N = 20) versus normal weight female controls (N = 7). RESULTS The lipid accumulation (measured as optical density at 492 nm) of ASCs during their differentiation to adipocytes was significantly lower in ASCs isolated from obese patients as compared to ASCs isolated from normal weight patients (0.49 ± 0.1 vs. 0.71 ± 0.1, p < 0.001). Significant negative correlations between lipid accumulation in adipogenic differentiated ASCs and plasma concentrations of triglycerides (p < 0.01), insulin (p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (p < 0.01), adiponectin (p < 0.05) and leptin/adiponectin ratio (p < 0.05) were found in obese group. CONCLUSIONS In severely obese female patients, the abnormal adipogenesis is related to insulin resistance and leptin/adiponectin ratio. The abnormal lipid accumulation in the mature adipocyte derived from obese ASCs could possible predict the further development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in severely obese patients and influence the selection of patients for bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Hristov
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica Mocanu
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Florin Zugun-Eloae
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
- TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Luminita Labusca
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics (NIRDTP), Iasi, Romania
| | - Iustina Cretu-Silivestru
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Teodor Oboroceanu
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Crina Tiron
- TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Tiron
- TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Burlacu
- "Nicolae Simionescu" Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alin Constantin Pinzariu
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Armasu
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Mircea Neagoe
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tg Mures, Romania
| | - Adrian Covic
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Scripcariu
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Vasile Timofte
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
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Manoharan B, Bobby Z, Dorairajan G, Vinayagam V, Packirisamy RM. Adipokine levels and their association with insulin resistance and fetal outcomes among the newborns of Indian gestational diabetic mothers. Saudi Med J 2019; 40:353-359. [PMID: 30957128 PMCID: PMC6506657 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.4.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the cord blood levels of adipokine and to assess their association with the fetal insulin resistance and fetal outcomes in newborns of gestational diabetic women (GDM). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 40 GDM women and 40 healthy pregnant women (HPW) in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) hospital in Puducherry, India, during the period from May 2016 to December 2017. Cord blood samples were collected at delivery from GDM and HPW groups. Cord plasma biochemical parameters such as insulin, C-peptide, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin concentrations were measured. Leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) and beta cell function (HOMA2-%B) were calculated. The pregnancy outcomes such as birth weight (BW), Ponderal index and Apgar scores of the baby were measured. Results: The BW and Ponderal index of the baby were found to be significantly higher in GDM newborns compared to HPW newborns. Cord plasma insulin, C-peptide, HOMA2 -IR, visfatin, leptin, and L/A ratio were significantly higher whereas adiponectin level was lower in GDM compared to HPW. A significant positive correlation was observed between L/A ratio and fetal HOMA2-IR. Conclusion: Altered adipokine levels with increased L/A ratio was observed among the new-borns of Indian gestational diabetic mothers. There was an association between increased L/A ratio, insulin resistance and increased Ponderal index among the new-borns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandiran Manoharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. E-mail.
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Lopez-Jaramillo P, Barajas J, Rueda-Quijano SM, Lopez-Lopez C, Felix C. Obesity and Preeclampsia: Common Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1838. [PMID: 30618843 PMCID: PMC6305943 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a disorder specific of the human being that appears after 20 weeks of pregnancy, characterized by new onset of hypertension and proteinuria. Abnormal placentation and reduced placental perfusion associated to impaired trophoblast invasion and alteration in the compliance of uterine spiral arteries are the early pathological findings that are present before the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia. Later on, the endothelial and vascular dysfunction responsible of the characteristic vasoconstriction of preeclampsia appear. Different nutritional risk factors such as a maternal deficit in the intake of calcium, protein, vitamins and essential fatty acids, have been shown to play a role in the genesis of preeclampsia, but also an excess of weight gain during pregnancy or a pre-pregnancy state of obesity and overweight, which are associated to hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance and maternal systemic inflammation, are proposed as one of the mechanism that conduce to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, proteinuria, thrombotic responses, multi-organ damage, and high maternal mortality and morbidity. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that pregnant women that suffer preeclampsia will have an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease and related mortality in their later life. In this article we will discuss the results of studies performed in different populations that have shown an interrelationship between obesity and overweight with the presence of preeclampsia. Moreover, we will review some of the common mechanisms that explain this interrelationship, particularly the alterations in the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway as a crucial mechanism that is common to obesity, preeclampsia and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Clinic of Metabolic Syndrome, Prediabetes, and Diabetes, Research Department, FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia.,Masira Institute, Medical School, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad Tecnologica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan Barajas
- Clinic of Metabolic Syndrome, Prediabetes, and Diabetes, Research Department, FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Sandra M Rueda-Quijano
- Clinic of Metabolic Syndrome, Prediabetes, and Diabetes, Research Department, FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | | | - Camilo Felix
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad Tecnologica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
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Sex differences in fat distribution influence the association between BMI and arterial stiffness. J Hypertens 2017; 35:1219-1225. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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¿Existe un espacio para los análogos de la incretina como terapia para el sobrepeso, la obesidad y la prevención de la enfermedad cardio-metabólica? REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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The Link between Fetal Programming, Inflammation, Muscular Strength, and Blood Pressure. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:710613. [PMID: 26491235 PMCID: PMC4600564 DOI: 10.1155/2015/710613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension affects one billion individuals worldwide and is considered the leading cause of cardiovascular death, stroke, and myocardial infarction. This increase in the burden of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is principally driven by lifestyle changes such as increased hypercaloric diets and reduced physical activity producing an increase of obesity, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation. Visceral adipocytes are the principal source of proinflammatory cytokines and systemic inflammation participates in several steps in the development of CVD. However, maternal and infant malnutrition also persists as a major public health issue in low- to middle-income regions such as Latin America (LA). We propose that the increased rates of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in these countries could be the result of the discrepancy between a restricted nutritional environment during fetal development and early life, and a nutritionally abundant environment during adulthood. Maternal undernutrition, which may manifest in lower birth weight offspring, appears to accentuate the relative risk of chronic disease at lower levels of adiposity. Therefore, LA populations may be more vulnerable to the pathogenic consequences of obesity than individuals with similar lifestyles in high-income countries, which may be mediated by higher levels of proinflammatory markers and lower levels of muscle mass and strength observed in low birth weight individuals.
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Sarray S, Madan S, Saleh LR, Mahmoud N, Almawi WY. Validity of adiponectin-to-leptin and adiponectin-to-resistin ratios as predictors of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:460-6. [PMID: 26051098 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of changes in adipokine ratios with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and related features as altered levels of the adipokines adiponectin, leptin, and resistin were linked with the pathogenesis of PCOS. DESIGN Case-control retrospective study. SETTING Outpatient obstetrics/gynecology and adult endocrinology clinics. PATIENT(S) Unrelated women with PCOS (n = 211) and age-matched control women (n = 215). INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Utility of adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/resistin ratios as potential biomarkers of PCOS and associated features. RESULT(S) Significant differences in adiponectin but not leptin or resistin serum levels were seen between women with PCOS and control women. Ratios of adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/resistin, but not leptin/resistin ratios, were statistically significantly different between PCOS cases and control women. Receiver operated characteristics area under the curve demonstrated sensitivity and specificity for adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/resistin but not leptin/resistin ratios or individual adipokines as predictors of PCOS. Adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/resistin ratios negatively correlated with body mass index, homeostatic model assessment, insulin resistance, and free insulin, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin. In addition, adiponectin/resistin ratio negatively correlated with menarche. CONCLUSION(S) Ratios of adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/resistin constitute novel predictor factors to explain PCOS and associated features and thus may present target for novel therapeutics in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Sarray
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
| | - Samira Madan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Layal R Saleh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Naeema Mahmoud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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Lopez-Jaramillo P, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Sotomayor-Rubio A, Mantilla-Garcia D, Lopez-Lopez J. Maternal undernutrition and cardiometabolic disease: a Latin American perspective. BMC Med 2015; 13:41. [PMID: 25858591 PMCID: PMC4346113 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current epidemic of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in developing countries is described as being driven by socioeconomic inequalities. These populations have a greater vulnerability to cardiometabolic diseases due to the discrepancy between the maternal undernutrition and its consequence, low-birth weight progeny, and the subsequent modern lifestyles which are associated with socioeconomic and environmental changes that modify dietary habits, discourage physical activity and encourage sedentary behaviors. Maternal undernutrition can generate epigenetic modifications, with potential long-term consequences. Throughout life, people are faced with the challenge of adapting to changes in their environment, such as excessive intake of high energy density foods and sedentary behavior. However, a mismatch between conditions experienced during fetal programming and current environmental conditions will make adaptation difficult for them, and will increase their susceptibility to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. It is important to conduct research in the Latin American context, in order to define the best strategies to prevent the epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases in the region.
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López-Jaramillo P, Velandia-Carrillo C, Gómez-Arbeláez D, Aldana-Campos M. Is the present cut-point to define type 2 diabetes appropriate in Latin-Americans? World J Diabetes 2014; 5:747-755. [PMID: 25512777 PMCID: PMC4265861 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is based either on increased plasma glucose or Glycated hemoglobin levels. Since these measures are the only means for diagnosis of DM2, they must be well adapted to each population according to their metabolic characteristics, given that these may vary in each population. The World Health Organization (WHO) determined the cut-points of plasma glucose levels for the diagnosis of DM2 by associating hyperglycemia with the risk of a specific microvascular complication-retinopathy. Cardiovascular diseases are however the principal causes of mortality in patients with DM2 and we reported that in the Colombo-Ecuadorian population impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance are both risk markers for myocardial infarction. We propose that the current cut-points accepted by the WHO need to be revaluated in populations such as Latin America and that there should be lower cut points for glycaemia in this population, to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular complications associated with DM2.
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López-Jaramillo P, Camacho PA, Forero-Naranjo L. The role of environment and epigenetics in hypertension. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 11:1455-7. [PMID: 24160576 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2013.846217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Toda N, Okamura T. Obesity impairs vasodilatation and blood flow increase mediated by endothelial nitric oxide: an overview. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 53:1228-39. [PMID: 24030923 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Obesity dramatically increases the risk of development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Endothelial dysfunction induced by obesity is an important risk factor that impairs blood flow controls in various organs. Impaired endothelial function occurs early in life in obese children. Obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) production due to impaired endothelial NO synthase activity and expression and increased production of superoxide anion and the endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA, together with increased vasoconstrictor factors, such as endothelin-1 and sympathetic nerve activation. Decreased endothelial progenitor cells are also involved in endothelial cell senescence in obese individuals. Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus augment obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction. Adipokines liberated from adipose tissues play roles in modulating endothelial function; adiponectin and ghrelin have beneficial effects on endothelial cells. Effects of leptin on endothelial function are controversial. Decreased body weight by physical exercise, dietary interventions, and bariatric surgery are effective measures that reverse endothelial dysfunction; however, the weight control is not only the reason for improving of endothelia function. Pharmacological therapies with β-adrenoceptor antagonists, resveratolol, anti-obesity agents, nifedipine, and NADPH oxidase inhibitors may also be effective; however, these treatments have to be utilized under the basis of exercise and dietary controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Toda
- Toyama Institute for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Pacchioni A, Rossi A, Benfari G, Cicoira M, Pellegrini P, Bonapace S, Vassanelli C. A higher body mass index is associated with reduced prevalence of unstable atherosclerotic plaque: a possible explanation of the obesity paradox. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:2912-3. [PMID: 23608399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pacchioni
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
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Inflammation and hypertension: are there regional differences? Int J Hypertens 2013; 2013:492094. [PMID: 23573414 PMCID: PMC3618944 DOI: 10.1155/2013/492094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a chronic disease with global prevalence and incidence rapidly increasing in low and medium income countries. The surveillance of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, is a global health priority in order to estimate the burden and trends, to appropriately direct resources, and to measure the effect of interventions. We propose here that the adoption of Western lifestyles in low and middle incomes countries has dramatically increased the prevalence of abdominal obesity, which is the main source of proinflammatory cytokines, and that the vascular systemic inflammation produced by adipose tissue contributes to the development of hypertension. The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines is higher in the Latin American population than that reported in developed countries, suggesting a higher susceptibility to develop systemic low-degree inflammation at a given level of abdominal obesity. These particularities are important to be considered when planning resources for health care programs. Moreover, studying these singularities may provide a better understanding of the causes of the burden of cardiovascular risk factors and the remarkable variability in the prevalence of these medical conditions within and between countries.
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Aged garlic extract improves adiponectin levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:285795. [PMID: 23533302 PMCID: PMC3603419 DOI: 10.1155/2013/285795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic (Allium sativum) has been shown to have important benefits in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of aged garlic extract (AGE) on the risk factors that constitute the cluster of metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS AND DESIGN Double-blind, crossover, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of 1.2 g/day of AGE (Kyolic), for 24 weeks of treatment (12 weeks of AGE and 12 weeks of placebo), on subjects with MS. RESULTS The administration of AGE increased the plasma levels of adiponectin (P = 0.027). No serious side effects associated with the intervention were reported. CONCLUSION The present results have shown for the first time that the administration of AGE for 12 weeks increased plasma adiponectin levels in patients with MS. This suggests that AGE might be a useful, novel, nonpharmacological therapeutic intervention to increase adiponectin and to prevent cardiovascular (CV) complications in individuals with MS.
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Aguilar MJ, González-Jiménez E, Antelo A, Perona JS. Insulin resistance and inflammation markers: correlations in obese adolescents. J Clin Nurs 2012; 22:2002-10. [PMID: 23216620 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To ascertain whether inflammation markers also correlate with parameters related to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in a group of adolescents. BACKGROUND Obesity is now considered a chronic low-grade inflammatory process, characterised by alterations in the systemic concentrations of some inflammation markers. Adiponectin, leptin and other inflammatory proteins have been shown to correlate with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study in two groups of obese and normal weight adolescents. METHODS Serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, ceruloplasmin and insulin levels were determined and correlated among them and with anthropometric parameters, blood pressure body mass index and body mass index z-score. RESULTS Waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure values correlated significantly with both homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and insulin levels. Ceruloplasmin also correlated with both parameters with a high level of significance. However, leptin levels did not correlate with either homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance or insulin, and adiponectin correlated with homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance but not insulin. All inflammation markers studied correlated with the body mass index z-score. These correlations were stronger in the group of obese individuals compared to lean ones. CONCLUSIONS We found a relationship between insulin resistance and some inflammation in adolescents, which was particularly strong in obese individuals and was associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. Among the inflammation markers studied, ceruloplasmin revealed as a potential string marker of insulin resistance in obese adolescents. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results obtained in this study imply a significant advance in the field of clinical practice of nursing. The adequate understanding by nursing personnel of the inflammatory processes inherent to obesity constitutes a key factor for the prevention of the disease and its complications in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Aguilar
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Budimir D, Jeroncic A, Gunjaca G, Rudan I, Polasek O, Boban M. Sex-specific association of anthropometric measures of body composition with arterial stiffness in a healthy population. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:CR65-71. [PMID: 22293879 PMCID: PMC3560590 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthropometric measures of body composition and arterial stiffness are commonly used as indicators of cardiovascular risk. Little is known, however, about the association of the anthropometric measures with arterial stiffness, especially in a healthy, generally non-obese population. Material/Methods In a sample of 352 healthy subjects (200 premenopausal women), 3 arterial stiffness indices were analyzed (pulse wave velocity, augmentation index and central systolic blood pressure) in relation to 5 anthropometric measures of body composition (body mass index – BMI, body fat percentage by skinfold measurements –%BF, waist circumference – WC, waist-hip ratio – WHpR, and waist-height ratio – WHtR). Data were analyzed using correlation and regression analyses, with adjustment for the following confounders: age, blood pressures, height, heart rate, blood lipids and smoking. Results Most correlations between anthropometric measures and arterial stiffness indices were significant and positive in both sex groups (r=0.14–0.40, P<0.05). After adjustment for confounding effects, BMI, WC and WHtR remained significant (but inverse) predictors of arterial stiffness (β from −0.06 to −0.16; P<0.05) in the females, while in the males BMI was the only measure inversely predicting arterial stiffness (β from −0.09 to −0.13; P<0.05). Conclusions Measures of body composition are weak and inverse predictors of arterial stiffness and their influence is sex-dependent. BMI, WC and WHtR were key predictors of arterial stiffness in the females, while BMI was the principal predictor in the males. The associations of anthropometric measures with arterial stiffness are strongly and differently confounded by various factors that have to be taken into account when explaining results of similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Budimir
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Mah E, Matos MD, Kawiecki D, Ballard K, Guo Y, Volek JS, Bruno RS. Vitamin C status is related to proinflammatory responses and impaired vascular endothelial function in healthy, college-aged lean and obese men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:737-43. [PMID: 21515122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C supplementation has been suggested to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. However, no studies have examined the relationship between vitamin C status and vascular dysfunction in lean and obese individuals in the absence of supplementation. We examined whether vascular function is interrelated with vitamin C status and inflammation in healthy, college-aged lean and obese men with no history of dietary supplementation. A cross-sectional study was conducted during winter 2008 in lean and obese men aged 21±3 years (n=8/group). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured to determine vascular endothelial function. Plasma antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, and thiols), inflammatory proteins (C-reactive protein [CRP], myeloperoxidase [MPO], and cytokines), and cellular adhesion molecules were measured. Participants also completed 3-day food records on the days preceding their vascular testing. Group differences were evaluated by t tests, and correlation coefficients were determined by linear regression. FMD was 21% lower (P<0.05) in obese men. They also had 51% lower vitamin C intakes and 38% lower plasma vitamin C concentrations. Obese men had greater plasma concentrations of CRP, MPO, inflammatory cytokines, and cellular adhesion molecules. Participants' CRP and MPO were each inversely related (P<0.05) to FMD (r=-0.528 and -0.625) and plasma vitamin C (r=-0.646 and -0.701). These data suggest that low vitamin C status is associated with proinflammatory responses and impaired vascular function in lean and obese men. Additional study is warranted to determine whether improving dietary vitamin C intakes from food attenuate vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Blanco-Rivero J, de las Heras N, Martín-Fernández B, Cachofeiro V, Lahera V, Balfagón G. Rosuvastatin restored adrenergic and nitrergic function in mesenteric arteries from obese rats. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:271-85. [PMID: 20840472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated whether high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity was associated with changed function of components of the mesenteric innervation (adrenergic, sensory and nitrergic), the mechanisms involved and the possible effects of rosuvastatin on these changes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. (i) rats fed a standard diet (control group); (ii) rats fed a HFD (33.5% fat) for 7 weeks; and (iii) rats fed a HFD and treated with rosuvastatin (15 mg·kg(-1) ·day(-1) ) for 7 weeks. Segments of isolated mesenteric arteries were exposed to electric field stimulation (EFS) with or without tetrodotoxin, phentolamine, 7-nitroindazole (7NI) or N(ω) nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Noradrenaline, ATP and NO release, and nNOS expression were also measured. KEY RESULTS EFS induced a greater frequency-dependent contraction in obese than in control rats. In HFD rats, phentolamine reduced contractions elicited by EFS, but noradrenaline release was greater and ATP release decreased. L-NAME and 7NI increased contractions to EFS in segments from control rats, but not in those from HFD rats. NO release and nNOS expression were lower in arterial segments from HFD rats than in control rats. All these changes in HFD rats were reversed by treatment with rosuvastatin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Neural control of mesenteric vasomotor tone was altered in HFD rats. Enhanced adrenergic and diminished nitrergic components both contributed to increased vasoconstrictor responses to EFS. All these changes were reversed by rosuvastatin, indicating novel mechanisms of statins in neural regulation of vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lahera V, Lopez-Lopez J. Epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases: a Latin American point of view. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 5:119-31. [PMID: 21406494 DOI: 10.1177/1753944711403189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor early nutrition has varying effects on subsequent cardiometabolic disease (CMD) rates. Fetal and neonatal periods are critical for the development and growth of the systems involved in CMD. The increased rates of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2, renal failure and heart failure observed nowadays in Latin America could be the result of the discrepancy between the nutritional environment during fetal and early life and the adult environment. This discrepancy causes a mismatch between the fetal programming of the subject and its adult circumstances created by the imposition of new life styles. The two largest international studies on cardiovascular risk factors for a first myocardial infarction (INTERHEART) and stroke (INTERSTROKE) demonstrated that in Latin America the factor with the highest attributable population risk was abdominal obesity. The conflict between the earlier programming and the later presence of abdominal obesity produced a higher sensitivity of this population to develop a state of low-degree inflammation, insulin resistance and the epidemic of CMD to lower levels of abdominal adiposity. The relative roles played by genetic and environmental factors and the interaction between the two are the still subjects of great debate. We have reviewed the relationship between maternal malnutrition, early growth restriction, epigenetic adaptations, and the later occurrence of abdominal obesity and CMD in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Research Direction, Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander-Clinica Carlos Ardila-Lulle, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia.
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Turoni CJ, Marañón RO, Proto V, Herrera R, de Bruno MP. Nitric Oxide Modulates Reactivity to Angiotensin II in Internal Mammary Arterial Grafts in Hytertensive Patients Without Associated Risk Factors. Clin Exp Hypertens 2011; 33:27-33. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2010.503297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fetal programming and cardiometabolic diseases: the role of angiotensin II and inflammation. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0214-9168(10)70030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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López-Jaramillo P, López-López J. Lecciones aprendidas de dos grandes estudios epidemiológicos de enfermedades cardio-cerebrovasculares en las que ha participado colombia. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0120-5633(10)70240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Manzur F, Alvear C, Alayón AN. Adipocitos, obesidad visceral, inflamación y enfermedad cardiovascular. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0120-5633(10)70243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Adipocinas y síndrome metabólico: múltiples facetas de un proceso fisiopatológico complejo. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0120-5633(10)70236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Hyperinsulinemia is a predictor of new cardiovascular events in Colombian patients with a first myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2009; 148:85-90. [PMID: 19923024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is one of the main causes of mortality and disability in Colombia. The factors associated to a new event in surviving subjects to a first AMI in our population have not yet been fully identified. METHODS Two hundred and ninety five surviving subjects to a first AMI (58.8±12.6 years) were included in a prospective cohort study between 2000 and 2006. Lipid profile, glycemia and plasma insulin levels were measured. Deaths of cardiovascular origin, a new AMI, unstable angina, heart failure, stroke, new myocardial revascularization or angioplasty were considered new cardiovascular events. RESULTS The study included 61 (20.6%) women and 234 (79.4%) men. The mean follow up time was 50±30 months with a 38.9% incidence of new events. Fifty five patients (18.6%) were diabetic. Bi-varied analysis identified as risk factors for a new cardiovascular event the presence of: hypertension, anterior descending coronary artery stenosis, intrahospital cardiac failure, age over 55, low income, lack of education, Killip III-IV, heart rate over 76 bpm, pulse pressure over 80 mmHg, total cholesterol over 200 mg/dl and insulin over 10 IU/ml. After logistic regression analysis, the log values of insulin remained as the only significant predictor for new cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinism was the most important factor associated to the occurrence of new cardiovascular events in Colombian patients with AMI, which emphasizes the pivotal role of insulin resistance in the physiopathologic mechanisms of atherosclerosis, especially in undeveloped countries.
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