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Farag A, Elfadadny A, Mandour AS, Ngeun SK, Aboubakr M, Kaneda M, Tanaka R. Potential protective effects of L-carnitine against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18813-18825. [PMID: 38349499 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a growing concern for global public health. This study seeks to explore the potential protective effects of L-carnitine (LC) against heart ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. To induce I/R injury, the rat hearts underwent a 30-min ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. We evaluated cardiac function through electrocardiography and heart rate variability (HRV) and conducted pathological examinations of myocardial structure. Additionally, the study investigated the influence of LC on myocardial apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the context of I/R injury. The results show that pretreatment with LC led to improvements in the observed alterations in ECG waveforms and HRV parameters in the nontreated ischemic reperfusion model group, although most of these changes did not reach statistical significance. Similarly, although without a significant difference, LC reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines when compared to the values in the nontreated ischemic rat group. Furthermore, LC restored the reduced expressions of SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3. Additionally, LC significantly reduced the elevated Bax expressions and showed a nonsignificant increase in Bcl-2 expression, resulting in a favorable adjustment of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. We also observed a significant enhancement in the histological appearance of cardiac muscles, a substantial reduction in myocardial fibrosis, and suppressed CD3 + cell proliferation in the ischemic myocardium. This small-scale, experimental, in vivo study indicates that LC was associated with enhancements in the pathological findings in the ischemic myocardium in the context of ischemia/reperfusion injury in this rat model. Although statistical significance was not achieved, LC exhibits potential and beneficial protective effects against I/R injury. It does so by modulating the expression of antioxidative and antiapoptotic genes, inhibiting the inflammatory response, and enhancing autonomic balance, particularly by increasing vagal tone in the heart. Further studies are necessary to confirm and elaborate on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sai Koung Ngeun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Qaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Division of Animal Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Zaher S, Soliman ME, Elsabahy M, Hathout RM. Sesamol Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles: A Boosted Protective Property in Animal Models of Oxidative Stress. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060733. [PMID: 35745652 PMCID: PMC9228363 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the ability of sesamol-loaded albumin nanoparticles to impart protection against oxidative stress induced by anthracyclines in comparison to the free drug. Albumin nanoparticles were prepared via the desolvation technique and then freeze-dried with the cryoprotectant, trehalose. Albumin concentration, pH, and type of desolvating agent were assessed as determining factors for successful albumin nanoparticle fabrication. The optimal nanoparticles were spherical in shape, and they had an average particle diameter of 127.24 ± 2.12 nm with a sesamol payload of 96.89 ± 2.4 μg/mg. The drug cellular protection was tested on rat hepatocytes pretreated with 1 µM doxorubicin, which showed a 1.2-fold higher protective activity than the free sesamol. In a pharmacokinetic study, the loading of a drug onto nanoparticles resulted in a longer half-life and mean residence time, as compared to the free drug. Furthermore, in vivo efficacy and biochemical assessment of lipid peroxidation, cardiac biomarkers, and liver enzymes were significantly ameliorated after administration of the sesamol-loaded albumin nanoparticles. The biochemical assessments were also corroborated with the histopathological examination data. Sesamol-loaded albumin nanoparticles, prepared under controlled conditions, may provide an enhanced protective effect against off-target doxorubicin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zaher
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud E. Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Pharm D Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- School of Biotechnology and Science Academy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt;
| | - Rania M. Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
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Yarmohammadi F, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Targeting PPARs Signaling Pathways in Cardiotoxicity by Natural Compounds. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:281-291. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ghanbari A, Jalili C, Abdolmaleki A, Shokri V. Effects of cisplatin and acacetin on total antioxidant status, apoptosis and expression of OCTN3 in mouse testis. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:185-191. [PMID: 33998937 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1925347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic medication that also exhibits toxic effects on normal cells. Acacetin (ACA) is an herbal compound that exhibits anticancer properties with few side effects. We investigated the use and side effects of ACA and cisplatin on the male reproductive system. Mature male mice were divided into six groups: control group treated with DMSO, cisplatin group treated with 1 mg/kg cisplatin and three ACA groups treated with 10, 25 or 50 mg/kg ACA. All treatments were applied for three days. A final experimental group was treated with 50 mg/kg ACA for 10 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), OCTN3 gene expression and apoptosis were measured in testis. TAC and OCTN3 gene expression were decreased, while ROS and apoptosis were increased in cisplatin group compared to other groups. All ACA groups exhibited decreased apoptosis and ROS levels, and increased TAC and OCTN3 gene expression compared to the cisplatin treated mice. ACA caused fewer adverse effects in testicular tissue than cisplatin. ACA appears to improve the oxidant-antioxidant system, accelerates cell regeneration and inhibits apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghanbari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Abdolmaleki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Shokri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Owumi SE, Ijadele AO, Arunsi UO, Odunola OA. Luteolin abates reproductive toxicity mediated by the oxido-inflammatory response in Doxorubicin-treated rats. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847320972040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-neoplastic use of Doxorubicin (DOX) is hampered by several limitations, including reproductive toxicity. Luteolin (LUT)–a phytochemical-biological benefits include antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Here we examined the protective effect of LUT against DOX-induced reproductive toxicity in an in vivo model—male albino Wistar rats—randomly assigned to five groups and treated as follows: Control (corn oil 2 mL/kg; per os), LUT (100 mg/kg; per os), DOX (2 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injections, co-treated groups received LUT (50 and 100 mg/kg) with DOX. Treatment with DOX alone, significantly (p > 0.05), reduced biomarkers of testicular function, reproductive hormone levels, testicular and epididymal antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory cytokine. DOX increased (p > 0.05) sperm morphological abnormalities, as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and apoptotic biomarkers. Furthermore, testicular and epididymal histological lesion complemented the observed biochemical changes in treated rats. LUT co-treatment resulted in a dosage-dependent improvement in rats’ survivability, antioxidants capacity, reduction in biomarkers of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis in rat’s testis and epididymis. Also, LUT treatment resulted in improved histological features in the testis and epididymis, relative to DOX alone treated rats. LUT co-treatment abated DOX-mediated reproductive organ injuries associated with pro-oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mechanisms. LUT supplementation may serve as a phyto-protective agent in alleviating male reproductive organ toxic injuries associated with Doxorubicin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abigail O Ijadele
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Uche O Arunsi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oyeronke A Odunola
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Okada FK, Stumpp T, Miraglia SM. Carnitine Diminishes Etoposide Toxic Action on Spermatogonial Self-renewal and Sperm Production in Adult Rats Treated in the Prepubertal Phase. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:327-342. [PMID: 32228279 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420916274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate carnitine action against negative effects of etoposide on stem/progenitor spermatogonia and on sperm production. Carnitine (250 mg/kg body weight/day) and etoposide (5 mg/kg body weight/day) were administered from 25-days postpartum to 32-days postpartum. Testes were collected at 32-days postpartum, 64-days postpartum, and 127-days postpartum, and submitted to the immuno-labeling of UTF1, SOX2, and PLZF proteins to identify undifferentiated spermatogonia populations. At 127-days postpartum, sperm were collected for analysis. Carnitine+etoposide group showed a higher numerical density of spermatogonia labeled for all studied proteins at 64-days postpartum (critical age) compared to the etoposide group. Moreover, there was an improvement of spermatic parameters and sperm DNA integrity in rats of the carnitine+etoposide group in comparison with rats of the etoposide group. The results suggest that carnitine improves the self-renewal of undifferentiated spermatogonia and promotes a partial protection on them, alleviating the etoposide harmful late effects and leading to an enhancement of the sperm parameters in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Kazue Okada
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taiza Stumpp
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Miraglia
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Bilgic S, Ozgocmen M, Ozer MK, Asci H. Misoprostol ameliorates doxorubicin induced cardiac damage by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:514-521. [PMID: 32180467 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1727013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential cardioprotective effects of misoprostol (MP) on doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiac damage using histologic and biochemical assessment of rat heart. We used 21 male rats divided randomly into three groups: group 1, control; group 2, DOX; group 3, DOX + MP. The control group was given 0.5 ml 0.9% NaCl intraperitoneally (i.p.) and 1 ml 0.9% NaCl orally for 6 days. DOX was administered as a single dose of 20 mg/kg i.p. on day 3. MP was administered orally for 6 days. We found that treatment with MP decreased significantly serum cardiac troponin-I, brain natriuretic peptide levels, and lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB activities. DOX increased the malondialdehyde level and decreased the catalase, superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione levels; MP prevented these alterations. MP also decreased NADPH oxidase-4 and caspase-3 levels. In the DOX + MP group, oxidative stress was decreased, antioxidant activity was increased and histopathological changes were decreased compared to the DOX group. Cardiac damage caused by DOX was attenuated by MP treatment owing to the antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of MP. MP may be useful for reducing the severity of DOX induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bilgic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vocational School of Health Services, University of Adıyaman , Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - M Ozgocmen
- Department of Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta, Turkey
| | - M K Ozer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University , Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - H Asci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta, Turkey
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Boussada M, Dias TR, Crisóstomo L, Akacha AB, Ali RB, El May MV, Alves MG, Oliveira PF. A new thiocyanoacetamide (2-cyano-2-p-nitrophenyl-N-benzylthioamide) reduces doxorubicin-induced in vitro toxicity in Sertoli cells by decreasing apoptosis and autophagy. Theriogenology 2019; 140:188-200. [PMID: 31479835 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite conflicting data on doxorubicin (DOX) reproductive toxicity, its chemotherapeutic potential sustains its use to treat different types of cancer. This work was designed to study the protective effect of a newly synthesized thiocyanoacetamide (TA), in comparison with selenium (Se), against doxorubicin-induced in vitro toxicity in rat Sertoli cells (SCs). DOX was administered alone or in combination with Se or TA. The possible protective role of increased concentrations of TA (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM) or Se (12, 25 and 50 μM) on SCs was tested against 1 μM of DOX. From this screening, only the least toxic doses of TA and Se were used for further analysis. DOX cytotoxicity, as well as its impact on SCs viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), oxidative stress biomarkers, apoptosis and autophagy were assessed. Our results showed that DOX exerted its cytotoxic effect through a significant increase in cell death. DOX-mediated cell death was not related to autophagy nor to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species. It was rather due to apoptosis, as shown by the increased number of apoptotic cells and increased activity of caspase-3, or due to necrosis, as shown by the increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) extracellular activity. Still, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels, as well as ΔΨm were not altered by the different treatments. Some individual doses of Se or TA induced a significant toxicity in SCs, however, when combined with DOX, there was a decrease in cell death, LDH extracellular activity, number of apoptotic cells and caspase-3 activity. Overall, our results indicate that DOX-mediated apoptosis in cultured SCs can possibly be averted through its association with specific doses of Se or TA. Nevertheless, TA showed a higher efficiency than Se in reducing DOX-induced toxicity in SCs by decreasing not only apoptosis, but also necrosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Boussada
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Research Unit N°17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Tânia R Dias
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013, Porto, Portugal; Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE - Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís Crisóstomo
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013, Porto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Azaiez B Akacha
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Heterocyclic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ridha B Ali
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Research Unit N°17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Michèle V El May
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Research Unit N°17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013, Porto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Fink MA, Paland H, Herzog S, Grube M, Vogelgesang S, Weitmann K, Bialke A, Hoffmann W, Rauch BH, Schroeder HWS, Bien-Möller S. L-Carnitine-Mediated Tumor Cell Protection and Poor Patient Survival Associated with OCTN2 Overexpression in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2874-2886. [PMID: 30670496 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptotic dysregulation, redox adaptive mechanisms, and resilience to hypoxia are major causes of glioblastoma (GBM) resistance to therapy. Commonly known as crucial factors in energy metabolism, OCTN2 (SLC22A5) and its substrate L-carnitine (LC) are increasingly recognized as actors in cytoprotection. This study provides a comprehensive expression and survival analysis of the OCTN2/LC system in GBM and clarifies the system's impact on GBM progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OCTN2 expression and LC content were measured in 121 resected human GBM specimens and 10 healthy brain samples and analyzed for prognostic significance. Depending on LC administration, the effects of hypoxic, metabolic, and cytotoxic stress on survival and migration of LN18 GBM cells were further studied in vitro. Finally, an orthotopic mouse model was employed to investigate inhibition of the OCTN2/LC system on in vivo GBM growth. RESULTS Compared with healthy brain, OCTN2 expression was increased in primary and even more so in recurrent GBM on mRNA and protein level. High OCTN2 expression was associated with a poor overall patient survival; the unadjusted HR for death was 2.7 (95% CI, 1.47-4.91; P < 0.001). LC administration to GBM cells increased their tolerance toward cytotoxicity, whereas siRNA-mediated OCTN2 silencing led to a loss of tumor cell viability. In line herewith, OCTN2/LC inhibition by meldonium resulted in reduced tumor growth in an orthotopic GBM mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a potential role of the OCTN2/LC system in GBM progression and resistance to therapy, and suggests OCTN2 as a prognostic marker in patients with primary GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias A Fink
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Heiko Paland
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susann Herzog
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus Grube
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silke Vogelgesang
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Weitmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Angela Bialke
- Independent Trusted Third Party, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Rauch
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry W S Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Bien-Möller
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Zakzok FB, Hegazy HM, Yosef TA, Gomaa GM. Mitigating impact of l-carnitine against dimethoate induction of hepatic and testicular genotoxicity in rats: the role of oxidative stress. TOXIN REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1522645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma B. Zakzok
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M. Hegazy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Tarek A. Yosef
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ghada M. Gomaa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Zhang X, Zong W, Cheng W, Han X. Codelivery of doxorubicin and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate using multicompartmentalized vesosomes to enhance synergism and prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5243-5247. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01136b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin, one of the most effective antitumor drugs, causes serious adverse cardiac effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- China
| | - Wei Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- China
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Monash University
- Australia
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- China
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12
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Xue M, Chen X, Guo Z, Liu X, Bi Y, Yin J, Hu H, Zhu P, Zhuang J, Cates C, Rousselle T, Li J. L-Carnitine Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction by Ischemic Insults Through Akt Signaling Pathway. Toxicol Sci 2017; 160:341-350. [PMID: 28973678 PMCID: PMC5837463 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to investigate the cardioprotective effects of L-carnitine (LC) on cardiac function during ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and contractile function of single cardiomyocyte. C57BL/6 J mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups: sham group; vehicle group, LC preconditioning group, LC preconditioning + LY294002 (a PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor) group (LC + LY), and LY294002 group (LY). The sham group was exposed to the open heart operation but not I/R, the other groups received 45 min ischemia/48 h reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, echocardiography was performed on every mouse. In order to determine whether LC's cardioprotection could act directly at the level of cardiomyocytes, we also tested its effects on isolated cardiomyocytes under hypoxia condition. The expressions of p-PI3K, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were detected by immunoblotting. The results showed that LC preconditioning remarkably improved cardiac function after I/R, but the cardioprotective effect of LC was significantly weakened after the application of LY294002. We also found that LC could directly improve the contractile function of cardiomyocytes under hypoxia condition. The immunoblotting results showed that LC administration restrained myocardial apoptosis as evidenced by decreasing the level of Bax expression, increasing the levels of phosphorylation of Akt, PI3K, and Bcl-2 protein expression, but these were blocked by LYC94002. Thus, the cardioprotective effects of LC against myocardial ischemic damage and its effect on single cardiomyocyte under hypoxia may be associated with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, China
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Zhija Guo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Yanping Bi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Courtney Cates
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Thomas Rousselle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
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Cabral REL, Mendes TB, Vendramini V, Miraglia SM. Carnitine partially improves oxidative stress, acrosome integrity, and reproductive competence in doxorubicin-treated rats. Andrology 2017; 6:236-246. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. E. L. Cabral
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - T. B. Mendes
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - V. Vendramini
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - S. M. Miraglia
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
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Zhao M, Jiang Q, Wang W, Geng M, Wang M, Han Y, Wang C. The Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide in Perfluorooctanoic Acid-Induced Developmental Cardiotoxicity and l-Carnitine Mediated Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061229. [PMID: 28594376 PMCID: PMC5486052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an environmental contaminant that could induce developmental cardiotoxicity in a chicken embryo, which may be alleviated by l-carnitine. To explore the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in such changes and the potential effects of l-carnitine, fertile chicken eggs were exposed to PFOA via an air cell injection, with or without l-carnitine co-treatment. The ROS and NO levels in chicken embryo hearts were determined with electron spin resonance (ESR), and the protein levels of the nuclear factor κ-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in chicken embryo hearts were assessed with western blotting. The results of ESR indicated that PFOA exposure induced an elevation in the ROS levels in ED19 chicken embryo hearts and hatchling chicken hearts, while l-carnitine could alleviate such changes. Meanwhile, increased NO levels were observed in ED19 embryo hearts and hatchling hearts following PFOA exposure, while l-carnitine co-treatment exerted modulatory effects. Western blotting revealed that p65 translocation in ED19 embryo hearts and hatchling hearts was enhanced by PFOA, while l-carnitine co-treatment alleviated such changes. iNOS expression levels in ED19 embryo hearts followed the same pattern as NO levels, while a suppression of expression was observed in hatchling hearts exposed to PFOA. ROS/NF-κB p65 and iNOS/NO seem to be involved in the late stage (ED19 and post hatch) of PFOA-induced developmental cardiotoxicity in a chicken embryo. l-carnitine could exert anti-oxidant and NO modulatory effects in the developing chicken embryo hearts, which likely contribute to its cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ning Xia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ning Xia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Wencheng Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Min Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ning Xia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ning Xia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yantao Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ning Xia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ning Xia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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15
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Mustafa HN, Hegazy GA, Awdan SAE, AbdelBaset M. Protective role of CoQ10 or L-carnitine on the integrity of the myocardium in doxorubicin induced toxicity. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:410-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Boussada M, Ali RB, Said AB, Bokri K, Akacha AB, Dziri C, El May MV. Selenium and a newly synthesized Thiocyanoacetamide reduce Doxorubicin gonadotoxicity in male rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1005-1017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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17
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Fujisawa K, Takami T, Fukui Y, Quintanilha LF, Matsumoto T, Yamamoto N, Sakaida I. Evaluating effects of L-carnitine on human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:301-310. [PMID: 28197778 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells showing potential for use in regenerative medicine. Culture techniques that are more stable and methods for the more efficient production of MSCs with therapeutic efficacy are needed. We evaluate the effects of growing bone marrow (Bm)-derived MSCs in the presence of L-carnitine, which is believed to promote lipid metabolism and to suppress apoptosis. The presence of L-carnitine decreased the degree of drug-induced apoptosis and suppressed adipogenic differentiation. Metabolomic analysis by means of the exhaustive investigation of metabolic products showed that, in addition to increased β-oxidation and the expression of all carnitine derivatives other than deoxycarnitine (an intermediate in carnitine synthesis), polysaturated and polyunsaturated acids were down-regulated. An integrated analysis incorporating both serial analysis of gene expression and metabolomics revealed increases in cell survival, suggesting the utility of carnitine. The addition of carnitine elevated the oxygen consumption rate by BmMSCs that had been cultured for only a few generations and those that had become senescent following repeated replication indicating that mitochondrial activation occurred. Our exhaustive analysis of the effects of various carnitine metabolites thus suggests that the addition of L-carnitine to BmMSCs during expansion enables efficient cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Fujisawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Yumi Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Luiz Fernando Quintanilha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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18
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Pei F, Jiang J, Bai S, Cao H, Tian L, Zhao Y, Yang C, Dong H, Ma Y. Chemical-defined and albumin-free generation of human atrial and ventricular myocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 19:94-103. [PMID: 28110125 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most existing culture media for cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) contain significant amounts of albumin. For clinical transplantation applications of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs), culturing cells in an albumin containing environment raises the concern of pathogen contamination and immunogenicity to the recipient patients. In addition, batch-to-batch variation of albumin may cause the inconsistent of hPSC cardiac differentiation. Here, we demonstrated that antioxidants l-ascorbic acid, trolox, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and sodium pyruvate could functionally substitute albumin in the culture medium, and formulated an albumin-free, chemical-defined medium (S12 medium). We showed that S12 medium could support efficient hPSC cardiac differentiation with significantly improved reproducibility, and maintained long-term culture of hPSC-CMs. Furthermore, under chemical-defined and albumin-free conditions, human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were established, and differentiated into highly homogenous atrial and ventricular myocytes in a scalable fashion with normal electrophysiological properties. Finally, we characterized the activity of three typical cardiac ion channels of those cells, and demonstrated that hPSC-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes (hPSC-vCMs) were suitable for drug cardiac safety evaluation. In summary, this simplified, chemical-defined and albumin-free culture medium supports efficient generation and maintaining of hPSC-CMs and facilitates both research and clinical applications of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuyun Bai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Henghua Cao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Luyang Tian
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chuanxiu Yang
- Biology Unit, Research Division, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Haiheng Dong
- Biology Unit, Research Division, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yue Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China..
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Sadighara M, Joktaji JP, Hajhashemi V, Minaiyan M. Protective effects of coenzyme Q 10 and L-carnitine against statin-induced pancreatic mitochondrial toxicity in rats. Res Pharm Sci 2017; 12:434-443. [PMID: 29204172 PMCID: PMC5691570 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.217424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are widely used in patients with hyperlipidemia and whom with high risk of cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, statins also exert some adverse effects on the liver and pancreas and enhance the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of the present research was to investigate the protective effects of coenzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) and L-carnitine (LC) on statins induced toxicity on pancreatic mitochondria in vivo. Seven groups of male Wistar rats received atorvastatin (20 mg/kg, p.o.), atorvastatin + Co-Q10 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), atorvastatin + LC (500 mg/kg, i.p.), lovastatin (80 mg/kg, p.o), lovastatin + Co-Q10 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), and lovastatin + LC (500 mg/kg, i.p.). Serum glucose and insulin levels were measured before and after two weeks of treatment, while the pancreas was removed and toxic effects of statins, as well as the protective effects of Co-Q10 and LC were assessed. The results showed that atorvastatin and lovastatin significantly increased glucose level and decreased insulin secretion. The glucose level in Co-Q10 and LC groups was significantly lower than statins alone groups. The findings also showed that statin groups had higher rate of pancreatic toxicity including higher level of reactive oxygen species production, decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and swelling in comparison to controls. These factors were significantly diminished by co-administration of Co-Q10 or LC compared to statin groups alone. Additionally, supplements caused a significant increase in serum insulin and succinate dehydrogenase activity. Our study provided new evidence supporting beneficial effects of Co-Q10 and LC on statin-induced pancreatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Sadighara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahamad Joktaji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Valiollah Hajhashemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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20
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Exercise during pregnancy decreases doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxic effects on neonatal hearts. Toxicology 2016; 368-369:46-57. [PMID: 27565713 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment with Doxorubicin (DOX) is limited due its dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, mainly related to the oxidative stress production. In experimental models of DOX treatment exercise can be used as a beneficial adjuvant therapy. This work aimed to investigate the effects of exercise during pregnancy on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in cardiomyocytes of progeny, examining the possible intergenerational cardioprotective effects of maternal exercise. For this purpose pregnant rats were divided in control and exercise groups and pre-treated during gestational days. Hearts of newborns were used to obtain a culture of cardiomyocytes to be treated with DOX for analyses of cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis; ROS production; DNA damage; SOD and CAT activities; and Sirt6 protein expression. The results showed that exercise during pregnancy induced an increase in the viability of neonatal cardiomyocytes and a decrease in DOX-induced apoptotic and necrotic death which were correlated to the decrease in ROS production and an increase in antioxidant defenses. Exercise also protected neonatal cardiomyocytes from DOX-induced DNA damage, demonstrating a reduction in the oxidative DNA breaks. Likewise, exercise induced an increase in expression of Sirt6 in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Therefore, these results demonstrate for the first time that exercise performed by mothers protects the neonatal heart against DOX-induced toxicity. Our data demonstrate the intergenerational effect of exercise in cardiomyocytes of progeny, where the modulation of oxidative stress through antioxidant enzymes, and DNA integrity via Sirt6, were induced due to exercise in mothers, increasing the resistance of the neonatal heart against DOX toxicity.
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21
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Gröber U, Holzhauer P, Kisters K, Holick MF, Adamietz IA. Micronutrients in Oncological Intervention. Nutrients 2016; 8:163. [PMID: 26985904 PMCID: PMC4808891 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplements are widely used among patients with cancer who perceive them to be anticancer and antitoxicity agents. Depending on the type of malignancy and the gender 30%-90% of the cancer patients supplement their diets with antioxidant and immuno-stabilizing micronutrients, such as selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin D, often without the knowledge of the treating physician. From the oncological viewpoint, there are justifiable concerns that dietary supplements decrease the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent studies, however, have provided increasing evidence that treatment is tolerated better-with an increase in patient compliance and a lower rate of treatment discontinuations-when micronutrients, such as selenium, are added as appropriate to the patient's medication. Nutritional supplementation tailored to an individual's background diet, genetics, tumor histology, and treatments may yield benefits in subsets of patients. Clinicians should have an open dialogue with patients about nutritional supplements. Supplement advice needs to be individualized and come from a credible source, and it is best communicated by the physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Gröber
- Akademie für Mikronährstoffmedizin, Essen, Zweigertstrasse 55, 45130 Essen, Germany.
| | - Peter Holzhauer
- Akademie für Mikronährstoffmedizin, Essen, Zweigertstrasse 55, 45130 Essen, Germany.
- Interdisziplinäres onkologisches Zentrum (IOZ), München, Nußbaumstrasse 12, München 80336, Germany.
- Klinik Bad Trissl, Innere Medizin II-Onkologie und Komplementärmedizin, Oberaudorf 83080, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kisters
- Akademie für Mikronährstoffmedizin, Essen, Zweigertstrasse 55, 45130 Essen, Germany.
- St. Anna Hospital, Medizinische Klinik I, Herne, Hospitalstrasse 19, Herne 44649, Germany.
| | - Michael F Holick
- Boston University Medical Center, 85 East Newton Street M-1033, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Irenäus A Adamietz
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radio-Onkologie, Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB), Hölkeskampring 40, Herne 44625, Germany.
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22
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Cabral REL, Okada FK, Stumpp T, Vendramini V, Miraglia SM. Carnitine partially protects the rat testis against the late damage produced by doxorubicin administered during pre-puberty. Andrology 2014; 2:931-42. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. E. L. Cabral
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - F. K. Okada
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - T. Stumpp
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - V. Vendramini
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - S. M. Miraglia
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Paulo Brazil
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Chen YL, Tsai YT, Lee CY, Lee CH, Chen CY, Liu CM, Chen JJ, Loh SH, Tsai CS. Urotensin II inhibits doxorubicin-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell death by modulating ATF expression and via the ERK and Akt pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106812. [PMID: 25268131 PMCID: PMC4182104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Regulation of the homeostasis of vascular endothelium is critical for the processes of vascular remodeling and angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. Urotensin II (U-II), a potent vasoactive peptide, participates in vascular and myocardial remodeling after injury. We investigated the protective effect of U-II on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced apoptosis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the potential mechanisms involved in this process. Experimental Approach Cultured HUVECs were treated with vehicle, DOX (1 µM), U-II, or U-II plus DOX. Apoptosis was evaluated by DNA strand break level with TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Western blot analysis was employed to determine the related protein expression and flow cytometry assay was used to determine the TUNEL positive cells. Key Results U-II reduced the quantity of cleaved caspase-3 and cytosol cytochrome c and increased Bcl-2 expression, which results in protecting HUVECs from DOX-induced apoptosis. U-II induced Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) at both mRNA and protein levels in U-II-treated cells. Knockdown of ATF3 with ATF3 siRNA significantly reduced ATF3 protein levels and U-II protective effect under DOX-treated condition. U-II downregulated p53 expression in DOX-induced HUVECs apoptosis, and it rapidly activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and Akt. The DOX induced change of p53 was not affected by U-II antagonist (urantide) under ATF-3 knockdown. The inhibitory effect of U-II on DOX-increased apoptosis was attenuated by inhibitors of ERK (U0126) and PI3K/Akt (LY294002). Conclusion and Implications Our observations provide evidence that U-II protects HUVECs from DOX-induced apoptosis. ERK-Akt phosphorylation, ATF3 activation, and p53 downregulation may play a signal-transduction role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Yi Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Ming Liu
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jer Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Hurng Loh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (C-ST); (S-HL)
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (C-ST); (S-HL)
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Mao CY, Lu HB, Kong N, Li JY, Liu M, Yang CY, Yang P. Levocarnitine protects H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:1107-15. [PMID: 25170293 PMCID: PMC4147636 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.9153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the protective effects of levocarnitine in patients with ischemic heart disease are related to the attenuation of oxidative stress injury, the exact mechanisms involved have yet to be fully understood. Our aim was to investigate the potential protective effects of levocarnitine pretreatment against oxidative stress in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes. METHODS Cardiomyocytes were exposed to H2O2 to create an oxidative stress model. The cells were pretreated with 50, 100, or 200 μM levocarnitine for 1 hour before H2O2 exposure. RESULTS H2O2 exposure led to significant activation of oxidative stress in the cells, characterized by reduced viability, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and reduced intracellular antioxidant activity. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also observed following H2O2 exposure, reflected by the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and intracellular adenosine triphosphate. These pathophysiological processes led to cardiomyocyte apoptosis through activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. More importantly, the levocarnitine pretreatment attenuated the H2O2-induced oxidative injury significantly, preserved mitochondrial function, and partially prevented cardiomyocyte apoptosis during the oxidative stress reaction. Western blotting analyses suggested that levocarnitine pretreatment increased plasma protein levels of Bcl-2, reduced Bax, and attenuated cytochrome C leakage from the mitochondria in the cells. CONCLUSION Our in vitro study indicated that levocarnitine pretreatment may protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-related damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ying Mao
- 1. Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Bin Lu
- 2. College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Kong
- 2. College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Yu Li
- 1. Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao Liu
- 1. Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yang
- 1. Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Yang
- 1. Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Li J, Tie CR, Li QX, Zheng F. Amlodipine prevents adriamycin-induced toxicity in cultured rat mesangial cells by up-regulation of Smad6, Smad7 expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:251-256. [PMID: 24975445 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies have demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays an important role in the progression of renal diseases. A central component of TGF-β is the TGF-β family-specific Smad signal transduction pathway. TGF-β signals through Smad2, 4 to mediate renal fibrosis, whereas induction of Smad6, 7 inhibits renal fibrosis and inflammation. Amlodipine is the most frequently used antihypertensive drug among dihydropyridines. It is beneficial to the kidney and is widely used in treating kidney diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of amlodipine on adriamycin-induced changes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and expression of Smad6, 7 in rat mesangial cells. Results showed that amlodipine (10(-8) to 10(-5)mol/l) significantly decreased LDH activity in rat mesangial cells when given in combination with TGF-β₁ (P<0.01); amlodipine (10(-7), 10(-6)mol/l) significantly increased Smad6, 7 mRNA and protein expression in cells treated with adriamycin and TGF-β₁ (P<0.01). In conclusion, amlodipine protects against adriamycin-induced toxicity in rat mesangial cells by up-regulation of Smad6, 7 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-rong Tie
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China.
| | - Qi-xiong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China.
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Ibrahim AB, Mansour HH, Shouman SA, Eissa AA, Abu El Nour SM. Modulatory effects of l-carnitine on tamoxifen toxicity and oncolytic activity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:968-79. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113506237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of l-carnitine (l-CAR) in tamoxifen (TAM)-induced toxicity and antitumor activity. Adult female rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I was served as control, groups II and III were treated with TAM (10 mg/kg, periorally) and l-CAR (300 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), respectively, while group IV was treated with both compounds. The treatment continued daily for 28 days. Administration of TAM resulted in significant increase in serum lipid profiles, liver enzymes, and bilirubin level. TAM produced a significant increase in lipid peroxides (LPO) level and nonsignificant change in nitrogen oxide (NO( x)) level accompanied with significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of hepatic and uterus tissues and significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) content of uterus tissue. Administration of l-CAR for 1 h prior to TAM treatment decreased serum lipids and liver enzymes significantly and significantly increased SOD activity in liver and uterus tissues compared with TAM-treated group. Furthermore, it restored LPO and GSH levels and increased NO( x) level in uterus tissue. DNA fragmentation and the apoptotic marker, caspase-3, were not detected in the liver of all treated groups. Histopathologically, alterations in the liver and uterus structures after TAM treatment, which was attenuated after l-CAR administration. The antitumor effect and survival of the combined treatment of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice was less than each one alone. l-CAR interestingly increased survival rate of EAC-bearing mice more than TAM-treated group. In conclusion, l-CAR has beneficial effects regarding TAM toxicity; however, it interferes with its antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- AB Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zawia University, Libya
| | - HH Mansour
- Department of Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - SA Shouman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Pharmacology unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - AA Eissa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - SM Abu El Nour
- Department of Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Demirel M, Kaya B, Cerkez C, Ertunc M, Sara Y. L-carnitine pretreatment protects slow-twitch skeletal muscles in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2013; 47:540-5. [PMID: 23873671 DOI: 10.1177/1538574413496481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury negatively affects the outcome of surgical interventions for amputated or severely traumatized extremities. This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of l-carnitine on the contractile properties of fast-twitch (extensor digitorum longus [EDL]) and slow-twitch (soleus [SOL]) skeletal muscles following I/R-induced injury in a rat model. Rats were divided into 4 groups (1) saline pretreatment, (2) l-carnitine pretreatment, (3) saline pretreatment and I/R, and (4) l-carnitine pretreatment and I/R. Twitch and tetanic contractions in the EDL and SOL muscles in each group were recorded. Additionally, a fatigue protocol was performed in these muscles. Twitch and tetanic contraction amplitudes were lower in the EDL and SOL muscles in which I/R was induced (P < .01). l-Carnitine pretreatment significantly increased tetanic contraction amplitude in the SOL muscles following I/R (P < .01) but not in the EDL muscles. l-Carnitine pretreatment did not alter the fatigue response in any of the muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Demirel
- 1Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Lokman Hekim Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Cernecka H, Ochodnicka-Mackovicova K, Kucerova D, Kmecova J, Nemcekova V, Doka G, Kyselovic J, Krenek P, Ochodnicky P, Klimas J. Enalaprilat increases PPARβ/δ expression, without influence on PPARα and PPARγ, and modulate cardiac function in sub-acute model of daunorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 714:472-7. [PMID: 23834779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anthracycline therapy is limited by a cardiotoxicity that may eventually lead to chronic heart failure which is thought to be prevented by ACE inhibitors (ACEi). However, the protective effect of ACEi in early stages of this specific injury remains elusive. Activated nuclear transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) regulate cellular metabolism, but their involvement in anthracycline cardiomyopathy has not been investigated yet. For this purpose, Wistar rats were administered with daunorubicin (i.p., 3 mg/kg, in 48 h intervals) or co-administered with daunorubicine and enalaprilat (i.p., 5 mg/kg in 12 h intervals). Control animals received vehicle. Left ventricular function was measured invasively under anesthesia. Cell-shortening was measured by videomicroscopy in isolated cardiomyocytes. Expression of PPARs mRNA in cardiac tissue was measured by Real-Time PCR. Although the hemodynamic parameters of daunorubicin-treated rats remained altered upon ACEi co-administration, ACEi normalized daunorubicin-induced QT prolongation. On cellular level, ACEi normalized altered basal and isoproterenol-stimulated cardiac cell shortening in daunorubicine-treated group. Moreover, anthracycline administration significantly up-regulated heart PPARα mRNA and its expression remained increased after ACEi co-administration. On the other hand, the expression of cardiac PPARβ/δ was not altered in anthracycline-treated animals, whereas co-administration of ACEi increased its expression. Conclusively, effect of ACEi can be already detected in sub-acute phase of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Altered expression of heart PPARs may suggest these nuclear receptors as a novel target in anthracycline cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cernecka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Strilakou AA, Lazaris AC, Perelas AI, Mourouzis IS, Douzis IC, Karkalousos PL, Stylianaki AT, Pantos CI, Liapi CA. Heart dysfunction induced by choline-deficiency in adult rats: The protective role of l-carnitine. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 709:20-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Enzyme-activated nanoconjugates for tunable release of doxorubicin in hepatic cancer cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4655-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chan P, Chen YC, Lin LJ, Cheng TH, Anzai K, Chen YH, Liu ZM, Lin JG, Hong HJ. Tanshinone IIA Attenuates H₂O₂ -induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 40:1307-19. [PMID: 23227799 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The injury of endothelial cell is the critical event of vascular disease. In endothelial cell, oxidative stress is regarded as critical to pathogenic factors in endothelial cell injury and apoptosis. Tanshinone IIA is the main effective component of Salvia miltiorrhiza known as "Danshen" in traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular disorders, but the mechanism by which it exerts the protective effect is not well established. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that tanshinone IIA can inhibit hydrogen peroxide ( H(2)O(2) )-induced injury and unravel its intracellular mechanism in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study, HUVECs were treated with tanshinone IIA in the presence/absence of H(2)O(2) . The protective effects of tanshinone IIA against H(2)O(2) were evaluated. Our results show that HUVECs incubated with 200 μM H(2)O(2) had significantly decreased the viability of endothelial cells, which was accompanied with apparent cell apoptosis, the activation of caspase-3 and the upregulation of p53 expression, which was known to play a key role in H(2)O(2) -induced cell apoptosis. However, pretreatment with tanshinone IIA (3-10 μM) resulted in a significant resistance to H(2)O(2) -induced apoptosis. In addition, pretreatment with tanshinone IIA decreased the activity of caspase-3 and p53 expression. Tanshinone IIA also induced activating transcription factor (ATF) 3 expression; while knockdown of ATF-3 with ATF-3 siRNAsignificantly reduced tanshinone IIA's protective effect. In conclusion, the present study shows that tanshinone IIA can protect endothelial cells against oxidative injury induced by H(2)O(2) , suggesting that this compound may constitute a promising intervention against cardiovascular disorders and ATF-3 may play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Jo SH, Kim LS, Kim SA, Kim HS, Han SJ, Park WJ, Choi YJ. Evaluation of Short-Term Use of N-Acetylcysteine as a Strategy for Prevention of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy: EPOCH Trial - A Prospective Randomized Study. Korean Circ J 2013; 43:174-81. [PMID: 23613694 PMCID: PMC3629243 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2013.43.3.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives We investigate to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can prevent anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Subjects and Methods A total of 103 patients were enrolled in this prospective randomized open label controlled trial. They are patients first diagnosed with breast cancer or lymphoma, who require chemotherapy, including anthracycline like adriamycine or epirubicine. Patients were randomized to the NAC group {n=50; 1200 mg orally every 8 hours starting before and ending after the intravenous infusion of anthracycline in all chemotherapy cycles (3-6)} or the control group (n=53). Primary outcome was the decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) absolutely ≥10% from the baseline and concomitantly <50% at 6-month. Composite of all-cause death, heart failure and readmission were compared. Results The primary outcome was not significantly different in the NAC and control groups {3/47 (6.4%) vs. 1/52 (1.9%), p=0.343}. The mean LVEF significantly decreased in both the NAC (from 64.5 to 60.8%, p=0.001) and control groups (from 64.1 to 61.3%, p<0.001) after the completion of whole chemotherapy. The mean LVEF change did not differ between the two groups (-3.64% in NAC vs. -2.78% in control group, p=0.502). Left ventricular (LV) end systolic dimension increased with higher trend in NAC by 3.08±4.56 mm as compared with 1.47±1.83 mm in the control group (p=0.064). LV end diastolic dimension did not change in each group and change does not differ in both. Peak E, A and E/A ratio change and cardiac enzymes were comparable in two groups. Cumulative 12-month event rate was 6% and 3.8% in the NAC group and the control group, respectively, with no difference (p=0.672). Conclusion We cannot prove that NAC prevents anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Jo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
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Ringseis R, Keller J, Eder K. Mechanisms underlying the anti-wasting effect of l-carnitine supplementation under pathologic conditions: evidence from experimental and clinical studies. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:1421-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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The renoprotective effect of l-carnitine in hypertensive rats is mediated by modulation of oxidative stress-related gene expression. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:1649-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Yin H, Zhou Y, Zhu M, Hou S, Li Z, Zhong H, Lu J, Meng T, Wang J, Xia L, Xu Y, Wu Y. Role of mitochondria in programmed cell death mediated by arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids. Mitochondrion 2012; 13:209-24. [PMID: 23063711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids from cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450 are important lipid mediators involved in numerous homeostatic and pathophysiological processes. Most eicosanoids act primarily on their respective cell surface G-protein coupled receptors to elicit downstream signaling in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. Emerging evidence indicates that these hormones are also critical in apoptosis in a cell/tissue specific manner. In this review, we summarize the formation of eicosanoids and their roles as mediators in apoptosis, specifically on the roles of mitochondria in mediating these events and the signaling pathways involved. The biological relevance of eicosanoid-mediated apoptosis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Yin
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism in Human Nutrition and Related Diseases, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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36
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Kaya MG, Ozkan M, Gunebakmaz O, Akkaya H, Kaya EG, Akpek M, Kalay N, Dikilitas M, Yarlioglues M, Karaca H, Berk V, Ardic I, Ergin A, Lam YY. Protective effects of nebivolol against anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy: a randomized control study. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:2306-10. [PMID: 22727976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the effect of prophylactic nebivolol use on prevention of antracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients. METHODS In this small, prospective, double-blind study, we randomly assigned 45 consecutive patients with breast cancer and planned chemotheraphy to receive nebivolol 5mg daily (n=27) or placebo (n=18). Echocardiographic measurements and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels were obtained at baseline and at 6-month of chemotherapy. RESULTS Both studied groups had comparable echocardiographic variables and NT-pro-BNP levels at baseline. At 6-month, the left ventricular (LV) end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters increased in the placebo group (LVESD: 29.7 ± 3.4 to 33.4 ± 4.5mm; LVEDD: 47.2 ± 3.8 to 52.0 ± 4.6mm, p=0.01 for both) but remained unchanged in the nebivolol group (LVESD: 30.4 ± 3.5 to 31.0 ± 3.6mm, p=0.20; LVEDD: 47.0 ± 4.4 to 47.1 ± 4.0mm, p=0.93). The placebo group also had lower LVEF than the nebivolol group (57.5 ± 5.6% vs. 63.8 ± 3.9%, p=0.01) at 6-month. NT-pro-BNP level remained static in the nebivolol group (147 ± 57 to 152 ± 69 pmol/l, p=0.77) while it increased in the placebo group (144 ± 66 to 204 ± 73 pmol/l, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic use of nebivolol treatment may protect the myocardium against antracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet G Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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Chen YL, Loh SH, Chen JJ, Tsai CS. Urotensin II prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by doxorubicin via Akt and ERK. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 680:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Shi Y, Moon M, Dawood S, McManus B, Liu PP. Mechanisms and management of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Herz 2012; 36:296-305. [PMID: 21656050 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-011-3470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an effective anti-tumor agent with a cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. In addition to its principal toxic mechanisms involving iron and redox reactions, recent studies have described new mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cell death, including abnormal protein processing, hyper-activated innate immune responses, inhibition of neuregulin-1 (NRG1)/ErbB(HER) signalling, impaired progenitor cell renewal/cardiac repair, and decreased vasculogenesis. Although multiple mechanisms involved in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity have been studied, there is presently no clinically proven treatment established for doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. Iron chelator dexrazoxane, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and β-blockade have been proposed as potential preventive strategies for doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Novel approaches such as anti-miR-146 or recombinant NRG1 to increase cardiomyocyte resistance to toxicity may be of interest in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Cai B, Gong D, Chen N, Li J, Wang G, Lu Y, Yang B. The negative inotropic effects of homocysteine were prevented by matrine via the regulating intracellular calcium level. Int J Cardiol 2011; 150:113-5. [PMID: 21596451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Cardioprotective Effects of Hesperetin against Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Rat. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2011; 11:215-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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Nan WQ, Shan TQ, Qian X, Ping W, Bing GA, Ying LL. PPARα agonist prevented the apoptosis induced by glucose and fatty acid in neonatal cardiomyocytes. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:271-5. [PMID: 20354356 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of peroxisome proliferator activator receptors α (PPARα) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by glucose and fatty acid, and if high glucose levels could increase fatty acid-induced apoptosis. METHODS Cardiomyocytes were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium and divided into 5 groups: Group N (control Group); Group G (exposed to 25.5 mmol/l glucose); Group L (exposed to 5 mmol/l glucose, fatty acid); Group H (exposed to 25.5 mmol/l glucose and fatty acid); Group I (exposed to 25.5 mmol/l glucose, fatty acid and Wy14643). Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling. Immunocytochemistry staining detected PPARα's expressing, and western blotting detected PPARα and nuclear factor κB's (NF-κB) protein level. RESULTS Exposure to fatty acid resulted in a significant increase of cardiomyocytes apoptosis, with the extension of NF-κB formation, whereas exposure to 25.5 mmol/l glucose had no influence on the apoptosis rate. However, combination with fatty acid and high glucose concentration had induced more apoptosis with the up-regulation of NF-κB formation. The fatty acid and glucose-induced effects were improved by Wy14643, with down-regulation of NF-κB formation. CONCLUSION These results suggested that in neonatal cardiomyocytes, fatty acid and glucose in combination with fatty acid induced apoptosis via NF-κB formation and activation of apoptosis pathways; glucose in combination with fatty acid induce more apoptosis rate for the more NF- κB formation, activation of the PPARα can reverse such apoptosis effect. The results also suggest that gluco-lipotoxicity may play a central role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, and PPARα-agonist may be an effective drug in treating the diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Nan
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing City, China
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Hong HJ, Liu JC, Chen PY, Chen JJ, Chan P, Cheng TH. Tanshinone IIA prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through Akt-dependent pathway. Int J Cardiol 2010; 157:174-9. [PMID: 21190747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin, one of the original anthracyclines, remains among the most effective anticancer drugs ever developed. Clinical use of doxorubicin is, however, greatly limited by its serious adverse cardiac effects that may ultimately lead to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Tanshinone IIA is the main effective component of Salvia miltiorrhiza known as 'Danshen' in traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular disorders. The objective of this study was set to evaluate the protective effect of tanshinone IIA on doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and to explore its intracellular mechanism(s). METHODS Primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with the vehicle, doxorubicin (1 μM), tanshinone IIA (0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 μM), or tanshinone IIA plus doxorubicin. RESULTS We found that tanshinone IIA (1 and 3 μM) inhibited doxorubicin-induced reactive oxygen species generation, reduced the quantity of cleaved caspase-3 and cytosol cytochrome c, and increased BcL-x(L) expression, resulting in protecting cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. In addition, Akt phosphorylation was enhanced by tanshinone IIA treatment in cardiomyocytes. The wortmannin (100 nM), LY294002 (10 nM), and siRNA transfection for Akt significantly reduced tanshinone IIA-induced protective effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that tanshinone IIA protects cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in part through Akt-signaling pathways, which may potentially protect the heart from the severe toxicity of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jye Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Tanshinone IIA attenuates angiotensin II-induced apoptosis via Akt pathway in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:1569-75. [PMID: 21102479 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM to examine the effects of tanshinone IIA, the main effective component of Salvia miltiorrhiza (known as 'Danshen' in traditional Chinese medicine) on angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. METHODS rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were primarily cultured with Ang II or Ang II plus tanshinone IIA. Myocyte apoptosis was evaluated by caspase-3 activity and DNA strand break level with TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Western blot analysis was employed to determine the related protein expression and flow cytometry assay was used to determine the TUNEL positive cells and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. SiRNA targeted to Akt was used. RESULTS ang II (0.1 micromol/L) remarkably increased caspase-3 activity, TUNEL positive cells, and cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c expression, but reduced Bcl-X(L) expression. These effects were effectively antagonized by pretreatment with tanshione IIA (1-3 micromol/L). Tanshinone IIA had no effect on basal ROS level, while attenuated the ROS production by Ang II. Interestingly, tanshione IIA significantly increased the phosphorylated Akt level, which was countered by the PI3K antagonist wortmannin or LY294002. Knockdown of Akt with Akt siRNA significantly reduced Akt protein levels and tanshinone IIA protective effect. CONCLUSION tanshinone IIA prevents Ang II-induced apoptosis, thereby suggesting that tanshinone IIA may be used for the prevention of the cardiac remodeling process.
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Sikkink LA, Ramirez-Alvarado M. Cytotoxicity of amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains in cell culture. Cell Death Dis 2010; 1:e98. [PMID: 21368874 PMCID: PMC3032327 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is a devastating protein-misfolding disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow that secrete monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains that misfold and form amyloid fibrils, thus causing organ failure and death. Numerous reports on different protein-misfolding diseases show that soluble oligomeric species populated by amyloidogenic proteins can be quite toxic to cells. However, it is not well established whether the soluble immunoglobulin light-chain species found in circulation in patients with AL are toxic to cells in target organs. We determined the cellular toxicity of two well-characterized light-chain variable domain proteins from cardiac AL patients and their corresponding germline protein, devoid of somatic mutations. Our results show that the soluble form of the AL proteins we characterized are toxic to cardiomyocytes, and that the species found in cell culture correspond, for the most part, to the species present in circulation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Sikkink
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Holbeck S, Chang J, Best AM, Bookout AL, Mangelsdorf DJ, Martinez ED. Expression profiling of nuclear receptors in the NCI60 cancer cell panel reveals receptor-drug and receptor-gene interactions. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:1287-96. [PMID: 20375240 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We profiled the expression of the 48 human nuclear receptors (NRs) by quantitative RT-PCR in 51 human cancer cell lines of the NCI60 collection derived from nine different tissues. NR mRNA expression accurately classified melanoma, colon, and renal cancers, whereas lung, breast, prostate, central nervous system, and leukemia cell lines exhibited heterogeneous receptor expression. Importantly, receptor mRNA levels faithfully predicted the growth-inhibitory qualities of receptor ligands in nonendocrine tumors. Correlation analysis using NR expression profiles and drug response information across the cell line panel uncovered a number of new potential receptor-drug interactions, suggesting that in these cases, individual receptor levels may predict response to chemotherapeutic interventions. Similarly, by cross-comparing receptor levels within our expression dataset and relating these profiles to existing microarray gene expression data, we defined interactions among receptors and between receptors and other genes that can now be mechanistically queried. This work supports the strategy of using NR expression profiling to classify various types of cancer, define NR-drug interactions and receptor-gene networks, predict cancer-drug sensitivity, and identify druggable targets that may be pharmacologically manipulated for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Holbeck
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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Jung R, Wendeler MW, Danevad M, Himmelbauer H, Geßner R. Phylogenetic origin of LI-cadherin revealed by protein and gene structure analysis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2004; 61:1157-66. [PMID: 15141301 PMCID: PMC11138757 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-004-3470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestine specific LI-cadherin differs in its overall structure from classical and desmosomal cadherins by the presence of seven instead of five cadherin repeats and a short cytoplasmic domain. Despite the low sequence similarity, a comparative protein structure analysis revealed that LI-cadherin may have originated from a five-repeat predecessor cadherin by a duplication of the first two aminoterminal repeats. To test this hypothesis, we cloned the murine LI-cadherin gene and compared its structure to that of other cadherins. The intron-exon organization, including the intron positions and phases, is perfectly conserved between repeats 3-7 of LI-cadherin and 1-5 of classical cadherins. Moreover, the genomic structure of the repeats 1-2 and 3-4 is identical for LI-cadherin and highly similar to that of the repeats 1-2 of classical cadherins. These findings strengthen our assumption that LI-cadherin originated from an ancestral cadherin with five domains by a partial gene duplication event.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Jung
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, Virchow-Hospital of Charité Medical School, Humboldt University of Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Schering AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. W. Wendeler
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, Virchow-Hospital of Charité Medical School, Humboldt University of Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Danevad
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, Virchow-Hospital of Charité Medical School, Humboldt University of Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Himmelbauer
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Geßner
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, Virchow-Hospital of Charité Medical School, Humboldt University of Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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