1
|
Shi R, Li X, Sun K, Liu F, Kang B, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhu B, Zhao X, Liu Z, Wang X. Association between severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:267. [PMID: 38773388 PMCID: PMC11107064 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) can be influenced by the degree of coronary artery stenosis. However, the association between the severity of NAFLD and MACEs in patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is unclear. METHODS A total of 341 NAFLD patients who underwent CCTA were enrolled. The severity of NAFLD was divided into mild NAFLD and moderate-severe NAFLD by abdominal CT results. The degree of coronary artery stenosis was evaluated by using Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) category. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to assess poor prognosis. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 45 of 341 NAFLD patients (13.20%) who underwent CCTA occurred MACEs. The severity of NAFLD (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.95[1.54-5.66]; p = 0.001) and CAD-RADS categories 3-5 (HR = 16.31[6.34-41.92]; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for MACEs. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that moderate to severe NAFLD patients had a worsen prognosis than mild NAFLD patients (log-rank p < 0.001). Moreover, the combined receiver operating characteristic curve of the severity of NAFLD and CAD-RADS category showed a good predicting performance for the risk of MACEs, with an area under the curve of 0.849 (95% CI = 0.786-0.911). CONCLUSION The severity of NAFLD was independent risk factor for MACEs in patients with obstructive CAD, having CAD-RADS 3-5 categories on CCTA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchao Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kui Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bing Kang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Baosen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinya Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mellemkjær A, Kjær MB, Haldrup D, Grønbæk H, Thomsen KL. Management of cardiovascular risk in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 122:28-34. [PMID: 38008609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The novel term Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is proposed to replace non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to highlight the close association with the metabolic syndrome. MASLD encompasses patients with liver steatosis and at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors which implies that these patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Indeed, the prevalence of CVD in MASLD patients is increased and CVD is recognized as the most common cause of death in MASLD patients. We here present an update on the pathophysiology of CVD in MASLD, discuss the risk factors, and suggest screening for CVD in patients with MASLD. Currently, there is no FDA-approved pharmacological treatment for MASLD, and no specific treatment recommended for CVD in patients with MASLD. Thus, the treatment strategy is based on weight loss and a reduction and treatment of CVD risk factors. We recommend screening of MASLD patients for CVD using the SCORE2 system with guidance to specific treatment algorithms. In all patients with CVD risk factors, lifestyle intervention to induce weight loss through diet and exercise is recommended. Especially a Mediterranean diet may improve hyperlipidemia and if further treatment is needed, statins should be used as first-line treatment. Further, anti-hypertensive drugs should be used to treat hypertension. With the epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the risk of MASLD and CVD is expected to increase, and preventive measures, screening, and effective treatments are highly needed to reduce morbidity and mortality in MASLD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Mellemkjær
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Breinholt Kjær
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Haldrup
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Karen Louise Thomsen
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vachliotis ID, Polyzos SA. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:191-206. [PMID: 37407724 PMCID: PMC10482776 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize experimental and clinical evidence on the association between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and discuss potential treatment considerations. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental evidence suggests that TNF-α is a cytokine with a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Although, the production of TNF-α may be an early event during the course of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), TNF-α may play a more substantial role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NAFLD-associated fibrosis. Moreover, TNF-α may potentiate hepatic insulin resistance, thus interconnecting inflammatory with metabolic signals and possibly contributing to the development of NAFLD-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and extra-hepatic malignancies. In clinical terms, TNF-α is probably associated with the severity of NAFLD; circulating TNF-α gradually increases from controls to patients with NAFL, and then, to patients with NASH. Given this potential association, various therapeutic interventions (obeticholic acid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, probiotics, synbiotics, rifaximin, vitamin E, pentoxifylline, ursodeoxycholic acid, fibroblast growth factor-21, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, statins, angiotensin receptor blockers) have been evaluated for their effect on TNF-α and NAFLD. Interestingly, anti-TNF biologics have shown favorable metabolic and hepatic effects, which may open a possible therapeutic window for the management of advanced NAFLD. The potential key pathogenic role of TNF-α in NAFLD warrants further investigation and may have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias D. Vachliotis
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios A. Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ng JJJ, Loo WM, Siah KTH. Associations between irritable bowel syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:925-938. [PMID: 37547029 PMCID: PMC10401413 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i7.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. IBS and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly prevalent entities worldwide and may share similar mechanisms including gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal mucosal barrier and immune system activation.
AIM To systematically review their association according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines.
METHODS PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for relevant papers. Manual searches were also performed.
RESULTS Six studies were included. Both IBS and NAFLD subjects had significantly more metabolic risk factors like hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Our review showed that 23.2% to 29.4% of NAFLD patients had IBS. IBS was significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared with patients without NAFLD (23.2% vs 12.5%, P < 0.01). A higher proportion of IBS patients had NAFLD (65.8% to 74.0%). IBS patients were three times more likely to have NAFLD compared with non-IBS patients (P < 0.001). Two studies showed a significant correlation between the severity of IBS and NAFLD. The proportion of NAFLD subjects with IBS increased with NAFLD severity.
CONCLUSION Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the relationship and shared pathways between IBS and NAFLD, potentially leading to the development of future therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jareth Jun Jie Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Wai Mun Loo
- AliveoMedical, Mount Alvernia and Mount Elizabeth Hospitals, Singapore 574623, Singapore
| | - Kewin Tien Ho Siah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roumans KHM, Veelen A, Andriessen C, Mevenkamp J, Kornips E, Veeraiah P, Havekes B, Peters HPF, Lindeboom L, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB. A prolonged fast improves overnight substrate oxidation without modulating hepatic glycogen in adults with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver: A randomized crossover trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:757-767. [PMID: 36756887 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing overnight fasting time seems a promising strategy to improve metabolic health in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of fasting may be related to larger fluctuations in hepatic glycogen and higher fat oxidation. This study investigated whether prolonging an overnight fast depletes hepatic glycogen stores and improves substrate metabolism in individuals with NAFL and healthy lean individuals. METHODS Eleven individuals with NAFL and ten control individuals participated in this randomized crossover trial. After a 9.5-hour or 16-hour fast, hepatic glycogen was measured by using carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and a meal test was performed. Nocturnal substrate oxidation was measured with indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Extending fasting time led to lower nocturnal carbohydrate oxidation and higher fat oxidation in both groups (intervention × time, p < 0.005 for carbohydrate and fat oxidation). In both arms, the respiratory exchange ratio measured during the night remained higher in the group with NAFL compared with the control group (population p < 0.001). No changes were observed in hepatic glycogen depletion with a prolonged overnight fast in the group with NAFL or the control group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that acutely prolonging the overnight fast can improve overnight substrate oxidation and that these alterations are not mediated by changes in hepatic glycogen depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay H M Roumans
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Veelen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Andriessen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Mevenkamp
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Kornips
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pandichelvam Veeraiah
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lucas Lindeboom
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim MJ, Kim MS, Lee HB, Roh JH, Jeon JH. Relationship between the High Fatty Liver Index and Risk of Fracture. Gut Liver 2023; 17:119-129. [PMID: 35892266 PMCID: PMC9840917 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased rapidly as a consequence of more sedentary lifestyles and a Westernized diet. Fracture is a major clinical problem in older people, but few large-scale cohort studies have evaluated the relationship between NAFLD and fracture. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether the fatty liver index (FLI), which represents the severity of NAFLD, can predict fracture risk. Methods We analyzed the relationship between the FLI and incident fracture using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and data for 180,519 individuals who underwent National Health check-ups in the Republic of Korea between 2009 and 2014. Results A total of 2,720 participants (1.5%) were newly diagnosed with fracture during the study period (median 4.6 years). The participants were grouped according to FLI quartiles (Q1, 0 to <5.653; Q2, 5.653 to <15.245; Q3, 15.245 to <37.199; and Q4 ≥37.199). The cumulative fracture incidence was significantly higher in the highest FLI group than in the lowest FLI group (Q4, 986 [2.2%] and Q1, 323 [0.7%]; p<0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio indicated that the highest FLI group was independently associated with a higher incidence of fracture (hazard ratio for Q4 vs Q1, 2.956; 95% confidence interval, 2.606 to 3.351; p<0.001). FLI was significantly associated with a higher incidence of fracture, independent of the baseline characteristics of the participants. Conclusions Our data imply that the higher the FLI of a Korean patient is, the higher their risk of osteoporotic fracture, independent of key confounding factors. (Gut Liver, Published online July 27, 2022).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Sejong, Korea
| | - Han-Byul Lee
- Department of Statistics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Roh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16816. [PMID: 36207385 PMCID: PMC9546893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analysed the impact of dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris and carbohydrases on general health, redox status, immune response, liver lipids and metabolites in weaned piglets. Forty-four male piglets were allocated into four diets: control (n = 11), CH (control diet with 5% CH, n = 10), CH+R (control diet with 5% CH plus 0.005% Rovabio Excel AP, n = 10), and CH+M (control diet with 5% CH plus 0.01% of a pre-selected four-CAZyme mixture, n = 11). After 15 days of trial, animals were slaughtered and samples of blood and liver collected. Spectrophotometry methods and commercial kits were used to determine blood parameters and gas and liquid chromatography for hepatic fatty acid and chlorophylls profiles, respectively. While total, LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol were increased by CH, the opposite was recorded for HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). Piglets fed CH-based diets presented an increase of IgG and a decrease of IgM (p < 0.001) which along with lymphocytes exacerbation contributed for piglets' survival after weaning. n-6 PUFA were reduced in piglets fed CH and the opposite occurred for n-3 PUFA (p < 0.001), thus benefiting n-6/n-3 ratio in the liver. Chlorophylls amount was not changed by the use of Rovabio or enzymatic mixture. The discriminant analysis applied to hepatic parameters revealed a clear separation between control and CH-based diets but failed to discriminate feed enzymes. Our findings indicate health promoting effects of CH as feed ingredient in piglets' nutrition at weaning, without negatively impacting on animals' performance.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease defined by excess fat deposition in the liver. The course of NAFLD is not fully understood, however, some pathogenic mechanisms have been identified. Accumulation of fat in liver cells is associated with insulin resistance, central obesity, triglyceride accumulation in the liver and hepatic fatty acid metabolism dysregulation that cause steatosis. The other process leads to hepatocyte inflammation and necrosis, which leads to severe hepatic disease; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Many clinical studies have underlined the link between NAFLD and atherosclerosis. NAFLD may alter the balance lipid-glucose metabolism as well as increase the risk of hypertension and systemic inflammation. This results in a greater risk of vascular events. The present review considers the link between NAFLD and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevket Balta
- Department of Cardiology, Hayat Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bentanachs R, Velázquez AM, Sánchez RM, Alegret M, Laguna JC, Roglans N. Bempedoic acid as a PPARα activator: new perspectives for hepatic steatosis treatment in a female rat experimental model. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2022; 34:57-67. [PMID: 34887111 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In its initial stages, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease presents hypertriglyceridemia and accumulation of lipids in the liver (hepatic steatosis). Bempedoic acid is an ATP:citrate lyase inhibitor that promotes a dual inhibition of the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. However, its effect in the prevention / treatment of hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia has not been investigated. The aim of our work has been to elucidate whether bempedoic acid, through a mechanism other than ATP:citrate lyase inhibition, reverses these metabolic alterations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The study was carried out in female Sprague-Dawley rats fed, for three months, with a high fat diet supplemented with fructose (10% w/v) in drinking water. During the last month, bempedoic acid (30mg/kg/day) was administered to a group of animals. Zoometric and plasmatic parameters were analyzed, gene and protein expression analysis were performed in liver samples and PPAR-PPRE binding activity was determined. RESULTS Our interventional model developed hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia. Despite an increase in total caloric intake, there was no increase in body weight of the animals. The administration of bempedoic acid significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and promoted a marked hepatocyte hypertrophy. There was a 66% increase in the liver weight of the animals treated with the drug that was not accompanied by modifications in the markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Bempedoic acid activated the peroxisome proliferator activated nuclear receptor (PPARα) and its target genes. CONCLUSIONS Bempedoic acid could be an effective therapy for the treatment of fatty liver and associated cardiovascular risk. Bempedoic acid has other mechanisms of action besides the inhibition of ATP: citrate lyase, such as the activation of PPARα, which could explain the reduction in hepatic steatosis and the increase in liver weight observed in animals treated with the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bentanachs
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Ana Magdalena Velázquez
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Rosa María Sánchez
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, España; Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Marta Alegret
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, España; Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, España; Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Núria Roglans
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, España; Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oh TJ, Kim K, Moon JH, Choi SH, Cho NH, Jang HC. Liver Fibrosis Indices for the Prediction of Mortality in Korean Subjects: A 16-Year Prospective Cohort Study. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab123. [PMID: 34396022 PMCID: PMC8358988 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to liver fibrosis are related to higher mortality. Objective We investigated whether noninvasive indices of NAFLD and liver fibrosis could predict mortality in a Korean prospective cohort study. Methods We followed 4163 subjects from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study biannually over 16 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of NAFLD or liver fibrosis indices in the total group of subjects and subgroups according to body mass index (BMI) and glucose metabolism status. Results The mean age (± SD) of the subjects was 55.7 ± 8.7 years and 39.2% were men. During a median follow-up period of 15.6 years, 643 subjects (15.4%) died. The Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index were consistently higher in deceased subjects regardless of baseline glucose metabolism status. The FIB-4 and NFS displayed acceptable discrimination power for mortality, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.686 and 0.666, respectively. The adjusted HRs for FIB-4 and NFS were 1.41 (95% CI, 1.18-1.68) and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.21-1.68), respectively. Both FIB-4 and NFS were significantly associated with liver-specific mortality but not cardiovascular mortality. The association between mortality with fibrosis indices were more prominent in subjects with a lower BMI (<25 kg/m2). Conclusion Noninvasive indices of liver fibrosis might be a significant predictor of all-cause and liver-specific mortality in Korean subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea
| | - Kyuho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea
| | - Nam H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Euh W, Lim S, Kim JW. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Ameliorate Liver Enzyme Abnormalities in Korean Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:613389. [PMID: 34177796 PMCID: PMC8222919 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.613389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are reported to reduce body fat in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and SGLT2i-induced weight reduction may help improve comorbid nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the potential benefit of SGLT2is over other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in patients with T2DM-associated NAFLD. We enrolled real-world Korean patients with T2DM-associated NAFLD in whom initial metformin therapy had been modified by stepwise addition of OAD(s) due to insufficient glucose control. Propensity score (PS) matching was used for the comparison of changes in clinical and biochemical parameters to balance potential covariates. Among the 765 enrolled patients, 663 patients received additional OADs other than SGLT2i and 102 patients received SGLT2i therapy. PS matching selected 150 and 100 patients from the control and the SGLT2i group, respectively. The SGLT2i group lost more weight than the control group at 6 months (mean -1.3 kg vs. 0.0 kg; P < 0.001). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels also decreased more in the SGLT2i group at 3 (-11 U/L vs. -1 U/L), 6 (-12 U/L vs. -1 U/L), and 12 months (-14 U/L vs. -2 U/L) (all P < 0.05). Addition of SGLT2is was an independent predictor of ALT improvement in a multivariate logistic regression model (odds ratio 1.91; P = 0.016). Compared with other OADs, addition of SGLT2is was more effective in weight reduction and ALT improvement in patients with T2DM and comorbid NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Euh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou Y, Liu Z, Lynch EC, He L, Cheng H, Liu L, Li Z, Li J, Lawless L, Zhang KK, Xie L. Osr1 regulates hepatic inflammation and cell survival in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Transl Med 2021; 101:477-489. [PMID: 33005011 PMCID: PMC7987871 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Odd-skipped related 1 (Osr1) is a novel tumor suppressor gene in several cancer cell lines. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered as a high-risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study is aimed to investigate the novel role of Osr1 in promoting the progression of hepatic steatosis to NASH. Following 12 weeks of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and high-fat diet (HFD), wildtype (WT) and Osr1 heterozygous (Osr1+/-) male mice were examined for liver injuries. Osr1+/- mice displayed worsen liver injury with higher serum alanine aminotransferase levels than the WT mice. The Osr1+/- mice also revealed early signs of collagen deposition with increased hepatic Tgfb and Fn1 expression. There was overactivation of both JNK and NF-κB signaling in the Osr1+/- liver, along with accumulation of F4/80+ cells and enhanced hepatic expression of Il-1b and Il-6. Moreover, the Osr1+/- liver displayed hyperphosphorylation of AKT/mTOR signaling, associated with overexpression of Bcl-2. In addition, Osr1+/- and WT mice displayed differences in the DNA methylome of the liver cells. Specifically, Osr1-responsible CpG islands of Ccl3 and Pcgf2, genes for inflammation and macrophage infiltration, were further identified. Taken together, Osr1 plays an important role in regulating cell inflammation and survival through multiple signaling pathways and DNA methylation modification for NAFLD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital of Sun Yat-sen Unversity), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Ernest C Lynch
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Leya He
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Henghui Cheng
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jiangyuan Li
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Lauren Lawless
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ke K Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ndevahoma F, Mukesi M, Dludla PV, Nkambule BB, Nepolo EP, Nyambuya TM. Body weight and its influence on hepcidin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06429. [PMID: 33748488 PMCID: PMC7966995 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iron profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are inconsistent. In this study, we assessed the levels of hepcidin, a regulatory protein involved in iron homoeostasis, in patients with T2D. We further evaluated the surrogate markers of hepcidin action, particularly those associated with erythropoiesis. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was reported following the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. We searched for relevant studies in electronic databases from inception until 31 October 2020 without any language restriction. The random effects model was used to calculate effect estimates, and outcomes were reported as either standardised mean difference (SMD) or mean differences (MD), 95 percent confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Eleven studies involving 2 620 participants were included in this study. Patients with T2D had a slight increase in hepcidin levels when compared to controls SMD: 0.07 [95% CI: -0.30, 0.44]. The subgroup analysis showed that studies involving patients with T2D who were overweight reported elevated hepcidin levels SMD: 0.35 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.62] whilst those with grade I obesity described reduced levels SMD: -0.42 [95% CI: -1.21, 0.38]. All T2D patients had low levels of haemoglobin MD: -0.23 g/dl [95% CI: -0.46, -0.01] irrespective of body weight. CONCLUSION The levels of hepcidin are altered in patients with T2D and are disproportionately influenced by weight. Moreover, patients with T2D present with subclinical anaemia despite elevated iron stores. The regulation of hepcidin in patients with T2D is dependent on several factors and vary greatly, thus its sole use in clinical settings may be less beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fransina Ndevahoma
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek 9000, Namibia
| | - Munyaradzi Mukesi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek 9000, Namibia
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Elina P. Nepolo
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek 9000, Namibia
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek 9000, Namibia
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Kuljiratitikal K, Aksornchanya O, Chaiyasoot K, Bandidniyamanon W, Charatcharoenwitthaya N. Moderate-Intensity Aerobic vs Resistance Exercise and Dietary Modification in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00316. [PMID: 33939383 PMCID: PMC7925136 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This randomized trial aimed to compare the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic vs resistance exercise with dietary modification in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned (1:1) to a 12-week supervised training program of moderate-intensity aerobic or resistance exercise with dietary intervention consisting of monthly individual nutritional counseling by a dietician. Transient elastography, anthropometry, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, biochemistries, and glucose tolerance were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS Eighteen subjects exercised for an average of 3.35 ± 0.30 sessions a week in the aerobic group, and 17 subjects exercised an average of 3.39 ± 0.28 sessions a week in the resistance group. After completion of the training program, hepatic fat content was similarly reduced in both groups (P < 0.001). The mean relative reduction from baseline in the aerobic group was -10.3% (95% confidence interval -18.2 to -2.40) and the resistance group was -12.6% (-20.5 to -4.69). Liver steatosis (defined as controlled attenuation parameter >248 dB/m) disappeared in 9 (50%) of the aerobic group and in 9 (53%) of the resistance group. Whole-body and muscle insulin sensitivity indexes were improved, and waist circumference was reduced comparably in both exercise groups. The number of exercise sessions per week was correlated with the absolute reduction in hepatic fat content (r = 0.52; P = 0.001). Weekly exercise training ≥3 sessions substantially attenuates liver fat accumulation independent of weight loss. DISCUSSION Moderate-intensity aerobic training and resistance training with dietary modification are equally effective for reducing intrahepatic fat and improving underlying insulin resistance among patients with NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kraisingh Kuljiratitikal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ophas Aksornchanya
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kusuma Chaiyasoot
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wimolrak Bandidniyamanon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roumans KH, Basset Sagarminaga J, Peters HP, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB. Liver fat storage pathways: methodologies and dietary effects. Curr Opin Lipidol 2021; 32:9-15. [PMID: 33234776 PMCID: PMC7810416 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonalcoholic fatty liver is the result of an imbalance between lipid storage [from meal, de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and fatty acid (FA) uptake] and disposal (oxidation and VLDL output). Knowledge on the contribution of each of these pathways to liver fat content in humans is essential to develop tailored strategies to prevent and treat nonalcoholic fatty liver. Here, we review the techniques available to study the different storage pathways and review dietary modulation of these pathways. RECENT FINDINGS The type of carbohydrate and fat could be of importance in modulating DNL, as complex carbohydrates and omega-3 FAs have been shown to reduce DNL. No effects were found on the other pathways, however studies investigating this are scarce. SUMMARY Techniques used to assess storage pathways are predominantly stable isotope techniques, which require specific expertise and are costly. Validated biomarkers are often lacking. These methodological limitations also translate into a limited number of studies investigating to what extent storage pathways can be modulated by diet. Further research is needed to elucidate in more detail the impact that fat and carbohydrate type can have on liver fat storage pathways and content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay H.M. Roumans
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht
| | | | | | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht
| | - Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mohamed DA, Fouda KA, Mohamed RS. <i>In vitro</i> Anticancer Activity of Quinoa and Safflower Seeds and Their Preventive Effects on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 22:383-392. [PMID: 31930826 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.383.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not only the most common cause of liver diseases in humans but also it may complicate and become a risk factor for liver cancer. The present work aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity (in vitro) of quinoa and safflower seeds powder and their beneficial effects against NAFLD (in vivo). MATERIALS AND METHODS Proximate analysis, fatty acids profile, total phenolic and phytic acid of quinoa and safflower seeds were assessed. Also their anticancer activities (in vitro) against liver cancer were evaluated. The preventive effect of both seeds on NAFLD was evaluated using twenty four male rats. NAFLD was induced in rats by high fructose diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. The effects of HFD and HFD supplemented with 20% quinoa or safflower powder on plasma and liver lipids, lipid peroxidation, total protein, albumin as well as liver and kidney functions were determined. RESULTS Quinoa seeds powder was promising in cytotoxicity against hepatocarcinoma cell line HEPG2 (IC50 was 14.6 μg). Feeding rats on HFD produced dyslipidemia and significant increase in liver functions and lipid peroxidation with significant elevation in liver triglycerides and total cholesterol. Quinoa and safflower seeds powder produced improvement in the biochemical parameters with different degrees. CONCLUSION Quinoa and safflower seeds powder possessed cytotoxicity against hepatocarcinoma cell line HEPG2 and afford hepato-protection against NAFLD.
Collapse
|
17
|
Roumans KHM, Lindeboom L, Veeraiah P, Remie CME, Phielix E, Havekes B, Bruls YMH, Brouwers MCGJ, Ståhlman M, Alssema M, Peters HPF, de Mutsert R, Staels B, Taskinen MR, Borén J, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB. Hepatic saturated fatty acid fraction is associated with de novo lipogenesis and hepatic insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1891. [PMID: 32312974 PMCID: PMC7170906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is associated with poor cardiometabolic health, with de novo lipogenesis (DNL) contributing to hepatic steatosis and subsequent insulin resistance. Hepatic saturated fatty acids (SFA) may be a marker of DNL and are suggested to be most detrimental in contributing to insulin resistance. Here, we show in a cross-sectional study design (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03211299) that we are able to distinguish the fractions of hepatic SFA, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in healthy and metabolically compromised volunteers using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). DNL is positively associated with SFA fraction and is elevated in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver and type 2 diabetes. Intriguingly, SFA fraction shows a strong, negative correlation with hepatic insulin sensitivity. Our results show that the hepatic lipid composition, as determined by our 1H-MRS methodology, is a measure of DNL and suggest that specifically the SFA fraction may hamper hepatic insulin sensitivity. Hepatic steatosis is associated with poor cardiometabolic health, with de novo lipogenesis (DNL) contributing to hepatic steatosis and subsequent insulin resistance. Here, the authors use 1H-MRS methodology to show hepatic SFA fraction is a measure of DNL and specifically may hamper hepatic insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay H M Roumans
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Lindeboom
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pandichelvam Veeraiah
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn M E Remie
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M H Bruls
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, P.O. Box 428, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marjan Alssema
- Unilever Food Innovation Center, Plantage 14, 6708, WJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry P F Peters
- Unilever Food Innovation Center, Plantage 14, 6708, WJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program, Unit Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, P.O box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, P.O. Box 428, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jun SH, Shin WK, Kim Y. Association of Soybean Food Intake and Cardiometabolic Syndrome in Korean Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007 to 2011). Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:143-157. [PMID: 31950771 PMCID: PMC7043982 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean food consumption has been considered as a possible way to lower incidence of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) among Asians. However, results from studies investigating its efficacy on CMS in Asians have been inconsistent. METHODS We analyzed the association between soybean intake frequency and prevalence of CMS based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2011. Data of 9,287 women aged 20 to 64 years were analyzed. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess soybean food consumption frequency. General linear model and multivariable logistic regression model were used to examine the association of soybean intake quintile with CMS and its risk factors. Least square means of metabolic factors mostly showed no significant relevance except liver indexes. RESULTS Compared to participants in the 1st quintile (<2 times/week of soybean food), odds ratios (OR) for CMS and abdominal obesity (AO) in the 4th quintile (8.5 times/week<soybean food≤17 times/week) were 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.95) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.90), respectively. After excluding Tofu products, ORs of CMS, AO, high blood pressure, and hypertriglyceridemia were lower than those without excluding Tofu products. However, results still did not show significant inverse linear trend across frequency quintiles. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that soybean intake of 8.5 to 17 times/week was inversely associated with CMS in Korean women. The relation between soybean intake >17 times/week and CMS varied depending on soybean food items.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sook Hyun Jun
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Kyoung Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yookyung Kim
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stahl EP, Dhindsa DS, Lee SK, Sandesara PB, Chalasani NP, Sperling LS. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Heart: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 73:948-963. [PMID: 30819364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are both manifestations of end-organ damage of the metabolic syndrome. Through multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, CVD and NAFLD are associated with each other. Systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hepatic insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and altered lipid metabolism are some of the mechanisms by which NAFLD increases the risk of CVD. Patients with NAFLD develop increased atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia, which clinically result in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Defining the mechanisms linking these 2 diseases offers the opportunity to further develop targeted therapies. The aim of this comprehensive review is to examine the association between CVD and NAFLD and discuss the overlapping management approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Stahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Devinder S Dhindsa
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suegene K Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pratik B Sandesara
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Naga P Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Laurence S Sperling
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kwon HM, Jeong Y, Kim KS, Jung KW, Moon YJ, Hwang GS. Preoperative echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac systolic and diastolic function in liver transplant recipients with diabetes mellitus: a propensity-score matched analysis. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2019; 14:465-473. [PMID: 33329779 PMCID: PMC7713801 DOI: 10.17085/apm.2019.14.4.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Mee Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngil Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeo-Woon Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Moon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyu-Sam Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Méndez-Gutiérrez A, Aguilera CM, Plaza-Díaz J. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling of Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194888. [PMID: 31581657 PMCID: PMC6801592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of different proteins and proteoglycans that controls differentiation, migration, repair, survival, and development, and it seems that its remodeling is required for healthy adipose tissue expansion. Obesity drives an excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes, which provokes immune cells infiltration, fibrosis (an excess of deposition of ECM components such as collagens, elastin, and fibronectin) and inflammation, considered a consequence of local hypoxia, and ultimately insulin resistance. To understand the mechanism of this process is a challenge to treat the metabolic diseases. This review is focused at identifying the putative role of ECM in adipose tissue, describing its structure and components, its main tissue receptors, and how it is affected in obesity, and subsequently the importance of an appropriate ECM remodeling in adipose tissue expansion to prevent metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- RG Adipocytes and metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea Méndez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción María Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ahmed O, Pramfalk C, Pedrelli M, Olin M, Steffensen KR, Eriksson M, Parini P. Genetic depletion of Soat2 diminishes hepatic steatosis via genes regulating de novo lipogenesis and by GLUT2 protein in female mice. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:1016-1022. [PMID: 30630736 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of the cholesterol esterifying enzyme acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2, encoded by Soat2) protects mice from atherosclerosis, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, and hepatic steatosis when fed high-cholesterol diet. The glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) represents the main gate of glucose uptake by the liver. Lipid synthesis from glucose (de novo lipogenesis; DNL) plays a pivotal role in the development of hepatic steatosis. Inhibition of DNL is a successful approach to reverse hepatic steatosis, as shown by different studies in mice and humans. Here we aimed to investigate whether depletion of Soat2 per se can reduce hepatic steatosis, also in the presence of very low levels of cholesterol in the diet, and the underlying mechanisms. Female Soat2-/- and wild type mice were either fed high-fat or high-carbohydrate diet and both contained <0.05% (w/w) cholesterol. Analysis in serum, liver, muscles and adipose tissues were performed. We found Soat2-/- mice fed high-fat, low-cholesterol diet to have less hepatic steatosis, decreased expression of genes involved in DNL and lower hepatic GLUT2. Similar findings were found in Soat2-/- mice fed high-carbohydrate, low-cholesterol diet. CONCLUSION: Depletion of Soat2 reduces hepatic steatosis independently of the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the diet. Our study provides a link between hepatic cholesterol esterification, DNL, and GLUT2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Ahmed
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - C Pramfalk
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Pedrelli
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Olin
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K R Steffensen
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Eriksson
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Patient Area Nephrology and Endocrinology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Parini
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Patient Area Nephrology and Endocrinology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu J, Shao H, Zhang J, Ying Y, Cheng Y, Zhao D, Dou X, Lv H, Li S, Liu F, Ling P. Mussel polysaccharide α-D-glucan (MP-A) protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via maintaining the homeostasis of gut microbiota and regulating related gut-liver axis signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:68-78. [PMID: 30797009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We isolated and characterized a Mussel polysaccharide, α-D-glucan (MP-A), from Mytilus coruscus earlier. In this work, the pharmacological activity and mechanisms of MP-A as an oral supplement for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were explored. High fat diet (HFD) was utilized to induce NAFLD in Sprague Dawley male rats and MP-A (0.6 g/kg) was supplemented for 4 weeks. The results showed that MP-A supplementation reduced blood lipid levels, intrahepatic lipid accumulation and NAFLD activity score in HFD-fed rats. Additionally, the analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing on gut microbiota samples revealed that HFD could induce microbial dysbiosis. However, MP-A supplementation could remodel gut microbiota structure, inhibit LPS-TLR4-NF-κB pathway activation, and restrain subsequent inflammation factors secretion. Furthermore, MP-A regulated the lipid metabolism by promoting the production of short chain fatty acids and suppressing PPAR γ and SREBP-1c expression. Our results support that MP-A can prevent against NAFLD and act as an oral supplementation for hepatoprotection via modulating gut microbiota and related gut-liver axis signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jixu Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yong Ying
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xixi Dou
- Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Company, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Huimin Lv
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Shuaiguang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Peixue Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Company, Jinan 250101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hammarstedt A, Gogg S, Hedjazifar S, Nerstedt A, Smith U. Impaired Adipogenesis and Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue in Human Hypertrophic Obesity. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:1911-1941. [PMID: 30067159 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the largest and best storage site for excess lipids. However, it has a limited ability to expand by recruiting and/or differentiating available precursor cells. When inadequate, this leads to a hypertrophic expansion of the cells with increased inflammation, insulin resistance, and a dysfunctional prolipolytic tissue. Epi-/genetic factors regulate SAT adipogenesis and genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes is associated with markers of an impaired SAT adipogenesis and development of hypertrophic obesity also in nonobese individuals. We here review mechanisms for the adipose precursor cells to enter adipogenesis, emphasizing the role of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and its endogenous antagonist gremlin-1, which is increased in hypertrophic SAT in humans. Gremlin-1 is a secreted and a likely important mechanism for the impaired SAT adipogenesis in hypertrophic obesity. Transiently increasing BMP-4 enhances adipogenic commitment of the precursor cells while maintained BMP-4 signaling during differentiation induces a beige/brown oxidative phenotype in both human and murine adipose cells. Adipose tissue growth and development also requires increased angiogenesis, and BMP-4, as a proangiogenic molecule, may also be an important feedback regulator of this. Hypertrophic obesity is also associated with increased lipolysis. Reduced lipid storage and increased release of FFA by hypertrophic SAT are important mechanisms for the accumulation of ectopic fat in the liver and other places promoting insulin resistance. Taken together, the limited expansion and storage capacity of SAT is a major driver of the obesity-associated metabolic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hammarstedt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Silvia Gogg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Annika Nerstedt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The GLP-1 Analogs Liraglutide and Semaglutide Reduce Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- and LDLr -/- Mice by a Mechanism That Includes Inflammatory Pathways. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:844-857. [PMID: 30623143 PMCID: PMC6314963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The GLP-1RAs liraglutide and semaglutide reduce cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients. In ApoE−/− mice and LDLr−/− mice, liraglutide and semaglutide treatment significantly attenuated plaque lesion development, in part independently of body weight and cholesterol lowering. Semaglutide decreased levels of plasma markers of systemic inflammation in an acute inflammation model (lipopolysaccharide), and transcriptomic analysis of aortic atherosclerotic tissue revealed that multiple inflammatory pathways were down-regulated by semaglutide.
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) liraglutide and semaglutide reduce cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients. The mode of action is suggested to occur through modified atherosclerotic progression. In this study, both of the compounds significantly attenuated plaque lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice and low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLr−/−) mice. This attenuation was partly independent of weight and cholesterol lowering. In aortic tissue, exposure to a Western diet alters expression of genes in pathways relevant to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, including leukocyte recruitment, leukocyte rolling, adhesion/extravasation, cholesterol metabolism, lipid-mediated signaling, extracellular matrix protein turnover, and plaque hemorrhage. Treatment with semaglutide significantly reversed these changes. These data suggest GLP-1RAs affect atherosclerosis through an anti-inflammatory mechanism.
Collapse
Key Words
- CD163, cluster of differentiation 163 molecule
- GLP, glucagon-like peptide
- GLP-1
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- OPN, osteopontin
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- WD, Western diet
- atherosclerosis
- diabetes
- inflammation
- obesity
Collapse
|
26
|
Pitha J. Improved management of patients after acute coronary syndrome: using nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score and ezetimibe? Int J Cardiol 2018; 270:260-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
27
|
Gao Y, Wang YC, Lu CQ, Zeng C, Chang D, Ju S. Correlations between the abdominal fat-related parameters and severity of coronary artery disease assessed by computed tomography. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:579-587. [PMID: 30140620 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.07.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is considered a challenging public problem, which has been proven to be closely associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Each risk factor of CAD has been separately studied many times in the past, but very few have comprehensively and quantitatively evaluated the relationship between the abdominal fat-related parameters and severity of CAD. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the abdominal fat-related parameters were associated with severity of CAD using abdominal non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT). Methods Patients who went through both abdominal NECT and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were included and retrospectively analyzed. The abdominal fat-related parameters [the ratio of visceral adipose tissue to subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT ratio)] and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated in the participants with or without obstructive CAD. The correlations between the abdominal fat-related parameters and severity of CAD were assessed, and the multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the parameters that could be used to predict the severity of CAD. Results A total of 223 consecutive subjects (obstructive CAD group, n=117; non-obstructive CAD group, n=106) were analyzed. The VAT/SAT ratio was significantly higher (0.95±0.33 vs. 0.70±0.25, P<0.001) in obstructive CAD (O-CAD) patients than that in non-obstructive CAD (NO-CAD) patients. There was a trend to having nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the O-CAD patients than that of NO-CAD (P=0.002); the abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) score in O-CAD patients were higher than that in NO-CAD patients (P<0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that VAT/SAT ratio, NAFLD, and AAC score were independent predictors of O-CAD after adjusting the traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The area under the curve (AUC) of the combination of the above risk factors is 0.85, which leads to an increase in AUC than each risk factor alone in differentiating patients with or without O-CAD. Conclusions VAT/SAT ratio, NAFLD, and AAC score are correlated with the severity of CAD, indicating their characteristics of being independent risk factors for O-CAD, irrespective of the traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Those CT-derived parameters may make positive contributions to the differentiation of the patients with increased risk of O-CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Gao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chun-Qiang Lu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chuhui Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Chang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cherkas A, Golota S, Guéraud F, Abrahamovych O, Pichler C, Nersesyan A, Krupak V, Bugiichyk V, Yatskevych O, Pliatsko M, Eckl P, Knasmüller S. A Helicobacter pylori-associated insulin resistance in asymptomatic sedentary young men does not correlate with inflammatory markers and urine levels of 8-iso-PGF 2-α or 1,4-dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:275-285. [PMID: 29105496 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1396346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A potential contribution of H. pylori contamination to low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress (OS) and insulin resistance as well as correlations between these parameters in asymptomatic sedentary males was analysed. We enrolled 30 apparently healthy asymptomatic young subjects (18 H. pylori negative and 12 positive) and measured whole blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, insulin, C-peptide, cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone, C-reactive protein, interleukins 6 and 10, TNF-alpha and comet assay. As markers of OS, we used urine levels of iso-PGF2-α and 1,4-dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid (DHN-MA). Twofold elevation of fasting insulin level and HOMA index in H. pylori-positive subjects (p < .05) was shown. Inflammatory parameters and monocyte DNA damage, urine levels of DHN-MA and iso-PGF2-α did not show significant differences between the groups. The early stage of H. pylori-triggered metabolic derangements in sedentary subjects include development of insulin resistance in H. pylori-positive subjects; however, there is no evidence of systemic inflammatory and OS-related changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Cherkas
- a Department of Internal Medicine №1 , Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
- b Department of Medicine , Lviv College of Physical Culture , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Sergii Golota
- c Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry , Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- d Research Center in Food Toxicology Toxalim UMR1331, Toulouse University, INRA , Team 9 "Prevention, Promotion of Carcinogenesis by Food" , Toulouse , France
| | - Orest Abrahamovych
- a Department of Internal Medicine №1 , Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Christoph Pichler
- e Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- e Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Volodymyr Krupak
- f Institute of Cell Biology , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Vira Bugiichyk
- a Department of Internal Medicine №1 , Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
- g Lviv Regional Phtysiopulmonological Centrum , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Ostap Yatskevych
- a Department of Internal Medicine №1 , Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Mykhaylo Pliatsko
- a Department of Internal Medicine №1 , Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Peter Eckl
- h Department of Cell Biology and Physiology , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- e Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chlorogenic acid alleviates autophagy and insulin resistance by suppressing JNK pathway in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
30
|
Randomized clinical trial: benefits of aerobic physical activity for 24 weeks in postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Menopause 2018; 23:876-83. [PMID: 27458060 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic physical activity in reducing the frequency of hepatic steatosis and metabolic and cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Forty sedentary postmenopausal women (mean age 55.3 ± 8.0 y) with biopsy-proven NAFLD were randomly divided into two groups: an exercising group (19 participants) and a control group (nonexercising, 21 participants). The exercise group underwent a supervised aerobic physical activity program of 120 min/wk for 24 weeks. The anthropometric parameters; body composition; hepatic, lipid, and glycemic profiles; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; cytokines; transient elastography (FibroScan; liver stiffness/controlled attenuation parameter); and cardiopulmonary exercise test were evaluated at baseline and after 24 weeks of protocol. RESULTS At baseline there were no significant differences in anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters-stiffness and liver fat content by FibroScan between the groups. After 24 weeks, we observed a decrease of waist circumference, an increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.05), and improved cardiopulmonary functional capacity in the exercise group. In addition, the controlled attenuation parameter analysis showed no significant decrease of hepatic steatosis in the exercise group. With regard to the systemic inflammation, there were, however, no significant differences in the cytokines between the groups. CONCLUSIONS An aerobic physical activity program of 24 weeks in NAFLD postmenopausal women showed improvement in some variables such as waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and cardiopulmonary performance that may be beneficial in improving cardiovascular risk factors in this population.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ndrepepa G, Colleran R, Kastrati A. Gamma-glutamyl transferase and the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 476:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
32
|
Kumar V, Hsueh WA, Raman SV. Multiorgan, Multimodality Imaging in Cardiometabolic Disease. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:CIRCIMAGING.117.005447. [PMID: 29122843 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.117.005447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease, spanning conditions such as obesity to type 2 diabetes mellitus with excess cardiovascular risk, represents a major public health burden. Advances in preclinical translational science point to potential targets across multiple organ systems for early intervention to improve cardiometabolic health. Validation in clinical trials and translation to care would benefit from in vivo diagnostic techniques that facilitate therapeutic advancements. This review provides a state-of-the-art, multimodality perspective spanning the multiple organ systems that contribute to cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Kumar
- From the Ohio State University Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (V.K., W.A.H., S.V.R.); and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus (W.A.H.)
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- From the Ohio State University Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (V.K., W.A.H., S.V.R.); and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus (W.A.H.)
| | - Subha V Raman
- From the Ohio State University Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (V.K., W.A.H., S.V.R.); and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus (W.A.H.).
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zou Y, Li X, Wang C, Wang J, Wang F, Ma L, You W, Li C. Association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and peripheral artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Intern Med J 2017; 47:1147-1153. [PMID: 28696562 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaowu Zou
- Gout Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University Qingdao China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Heze Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Heze China
| | - Xinde Li
- The Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Can Wang
- Gout Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Fei Wang
- The Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Lidan Ma
- The Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Wenjun You
- Jining First People's Hospital Jining China
| | - Changgui Li
- Gout Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Madeira MSMDS, Rolo ESA, Pires VMR, Alfaia CMRPM, Coelho DFM, Lopes PAAB, Martins SIV, Pinto RMA, Prates JAM. Arginine supplementation modulates pig plasma lipids, but not hepatic fatty acids, depending on dietary protein level with or without leucine. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:145. [PMID: 28558680 PMCID: PMC5450298 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study, the effect of arginine and leucine supplementation, and dietary protein level, were investigated in commercial crossbred pigs to clarify their individual or combined impact on plasma metabolites, hepatic fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of lipid sensitive factors. The experiment was conducted on fifty-four entire male pigs (Duroc × Pietrain × Large White × Landrace crossbred) from 59 to 92 kg of live weight. Each pig was randomly assigned to one of six experimental treatments (n = 9). The treatments followed a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, providing two levels of arginine supplementation (0 vs. 1%) and three levels of basal diet (normal protein diet, NPD; reduced protein diet, RPD; reduced protein diet with 2% of leucine, RPDL). Results Significant interactions between arginine supplementation and protein level were observed across plasma lipids. While dietary arginine increased total lipids, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols in NPD, the inverse effect was observed in RPD. Overall, dietary treatments had a minor impact on hepatic fatty acid composition. RPD increased 18:1c9 fatty acid while the combination of leucine and RPD reduced 18:0 fatty acid. Arginine supplementation increased the gene expression of FABP1, which contributes for triacylglycerols synthesis without affecting hepatic fatty acids content. RPD, with or without leucine addition, upregulated the lipogenic gene CEBPA but downregulated the fat oxidation gene LPIN1. Conclusions Arginine supplementation was responsible for a modulated effect on plasma lipids, which is dependent on dietary protein level. It consistently increased lipaemia in NPD, while reducing the correspondent metabolites in RPD. In contrast, arginine had no major impact, neither on hepatic fatty acids content nor on fatty acid composition. Likewise, leucine supplementation of RPD, regardless the presence of arginine, promoted no changes on total fatty acids in the liver. Ultimately, arginine, leucine and dietary protein reduction seem to be unrelated with fatty liver development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sofia Morgado Dos Santos Madeira
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eva Sofia Alves Rolo
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Virgínia Maria Rico Pires
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Diogo Francisco Maurício Coelho
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Antunes Brás Lopes
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Isabel Vargas Martins
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Amaro Pinto
- iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José António Mestre Prates
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Amato A, Caldara GF, Nuzzo D, Baldassano S, Picone P, Rizzo M, Mulè F, Di Carlo M. NAFLD and Atherosclerosis Are Prevented by a Natural Dietary Supplement Containing Curcumin, Silymarin, Guggul, Chlorogenic Acid and Inulin in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050492. [PMID: 28505074 PMCID: PMC5452222 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) confers an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. NAFDL is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia, inflammation and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance, which in turn lead to atherosclerotic lesions. In the present study, the impact of a natural dietary supplement (NDS) containing Curcuma longa, silymarin, guggul, chlorogenic acid and inulin on NAFLD and atherosclerosis was evaluated, and the mechanism of action was examined. C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD for 16 weeks; half of the mice were simultaneously treated with a daily oral administration (os) of the NDS. NAFLD and atherogenic lesions in aorta and carotid artery (histological analysis), hepatic expression of genes involved in the NAFLD (PCR array), hepatic angiotensinogen (AGT) and AT1R mRNA expression (real-time PCR) and plasma angiotensin (ANG)-II levels (ELISA) were evaluated. In the NDS group, steatosis, aortic lesions or carotid artery thickening was not observed. PCR array showed upregulation of some genes involved in lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory activity (Cpt2, Ifng) and downregulation of some genes involved in pro-inflammatory response and in free fatty acid up-take (Fabp5, Socs3). Hepatic AGT, AT1R mRNA and ANG II plasma levels were significantly lower with respect to the untreated-group. Furthermore, NDS inhibited the dyslipidemia observed in the untreated animals. Altogether, these results suggest that NDS prevents NAFLD and atherogenesis by modulating the expression of different genes involved in NAFLD and avoiding RAS imbalance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Amato
- Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy.
| | - Gaetano-Felice Caldara
- Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy.
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy" (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Sara Baldassano
- Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Picone
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy" (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy.
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy.
| | - Marta Di Carlo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy" (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Peters HPF, Schrauwen P, Verhoef P, Byrne CD, Mela DJ, Pfeiffer AFH, Risérus U, Rosendaal FR, Schrauwen-Hinderling V. Liver fat: a relevant target for dietary intervention? Summary of a Unilever workshop. J Nutr Sci 2017; 6:e15. [PMID: 28630692 PMCID: PMC5468740 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently it is estimated that about 1 billion people globally have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition in which liver fat exceeds 5 % of liver weight in the absence of significant alcohol intake. Due to the central role of the liver in metabolism, the prevalence of NAFLD is increasing in parallel with the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance and other risk factors of metabolic diseases. However, the contribution of liver fat to the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD, relative to other ectopic fat depots and to other risk markers, is unclear. Various studies have suggested that the accumulation of liver fat can be reduced or prevented via dietary changes. However, the amount of liver fat reduction that would be physiologically relevant, and the timeframes and dose-effect relationships for achieving this through different diet-based approaches, are unclear. Also, it is still uncertain whether the changes in liver fat per se or the associated metabolic changes are relevant. Furthermore, the methods available to measure liver fat, or even individual fatty acids, differ in sensitivity and reliability. The present report summarises key messages of presentations from different experts and related discussions from a workshop intended to capture current views and research gaps relating to the points above.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry P. F. Peters
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Verhoef
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher D. Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton & Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David J. Mela
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam and German Center for Diabetes Research, DZD, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Frits R. Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Han JH, Oh TJ, Lee G, Maeng HJ, Lee DH, Kim KM, Choi SH, Jang HC, Lee HS, Park KS, Kim YB, Lim S. The beneficial effects of empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice fed a western diet. Diabetologia 2017; 60:364-376. [PMID: 27866224 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A recent large clinical study has shown that empagliflozin has a lower rate of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality when compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effect of empagliflozin (compared with glimepiride) on the progression of atherosclerosis, and its possible mechanisms of action. METHODS Forty-eight 5-week-old male ApoE -/- mice were fed a western diet for 20 weeks and divided into four groups: control (saline, 154 mmol/l NaCl), glimepiride 0.1 mg/kg, empagliflozin 1 mg/kg and empagliflozin 3 mg/kg (n = 12/group). Plaque size and composition in the aortic arch/valve areas and cardiovascular risk variables in the blood and tissues were evaluated. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA and adiponectin levels. Body composition was determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS After 8 weeks of treatment, the empagliflozin and glimepiride groups exhibited decreased blood glucose levels. Atherosclerotic plaque areas in the aortic arch/valve were significantly smaller in the empagliflozin groups than in the control or glimepiride groups. Insulin resistance and circulating concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), serum amyloid A and urinary microalbumin decreased after empagliflozin treatment, and this significantly correlated with plaque size. Empagliflozin treatment reduced weight and fat mass, lipid droplets in the liver, fat cell size, mRNA expression of Tnf, Il6 and Mcp-1 (also known as Ccl2) and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in plaque and adipose tissue compared with the control or glimepiride group. Empagliflozin treatment increased adiponectin levels. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Improvements in inflammation and insulin resistance seem to be mechanisms involved in the mitigation of atherosclerosis by empagliflozin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-city, South Korea, 463-070
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-city, South Korea, 463-070
| | - Ghayoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-city, South Korea, 463-070
| | - Hyo Jin Maeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-city, South Korea, 463-070
| | - Dong Hwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-city, South Korea, 463-070
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-city, South Korea, 463-070
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-city, South Korea, 463-070
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-city, South Korea, 463-070
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-city, South Korea, 463-070.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Effects of Turmeric on Homocysteine and Fetuin-A in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.43193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
39
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED Non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) is associated with atherosclerosis, increased cardiovascular risks and mortality. We investigated if, independently of insulin resistance, diet, physical activity and obesity, fatty liver involvement has any relationship with echocardiographic measurements in NAFLD. PATIENTS AND METHODS 660 NAFLD and 791 non-NAFLD subjects, referred to the same out-patients medical unit for lifestyle-nutritional prescription, were studied. Congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, malignancies, diabetes mellitus, extreme obesity, underweight-bad-nourished subjects and renal insufficiency were exclusion criteria. Liver steatosis was assessed by Ultrasound-Bright-Liver-Score (BLS), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), trans-mitral E/A doppler ratio (diastolic relaxation) and left ventricular myocardial mass (LVMM/m(2)) by echocardiography. Doppler Renal artery Resistive Index (RRI), insulin resistance (HOMA) and lifestyle profile were also included in the clinical assessment. RESULTS LVMM/m(2) is significantly greater in NAFLD, 101.62±34.48 vs. 88.22±25.61, p<0.0001 both in men and in women. Ejection fraction is slightly smaller only in men with NAFLD; no significant difference was observed for the E/A ratio. BMI (30.42±5.49 vs. 24.87±3.81; p<0.0001) and HOMA (2.90±1.70 vs. 1.85±1.25; p: 0.0001) were significantly greater in NAFLD patients. By Multiple-Linear-Regression, NAFLD and unhealthy dietary profile are associated also in lean non-diabetic subjects with lower systolic function, independently of BMI, dietary profile, physical activity, RRI and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION NAFLD may be a meaningful early clue suggestive of diminishing heart function, with similar determining factors. NAFLD is amenable to management and improvement by lifestyle change counseling, addressing a dual target: reducing fatty liver, which is easily monitored by ultrasound, and, independently, maintaining a normal heart function.
Collapse
|
40
|
Breimer LH, Mikhailidis DP. Does bilirubin protect against developing diabetes mellitus? J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:728-37. [PMID: 26922581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
After 25 years of evaluating bilirubin as a possible protective agent in neonatal and cardiovascular disease, interest has moved on to a exploring a possible protective role in diabetes mellitus (DM). This review finds conflicting prospective data for a protective relationship though there are retrospective, case-controlled data, that can only show association, which is not causality. Only prospective studies can show causality. Also, it would appear that the underlying biochemical assumptions do not readily translate from the animal to the human setting. Given that many factors impact on circulating bilirubin levels, it is not surprising that a clear-cut answer is not available; the jury is still out. Any relationship between DM and bilirubin might relate to intermediates in bilirubin metabolism, including relationships involving the genes for the enzymes participating in those steps. Nevertheless, the pursuit of bilirubin in disease causation is opening new avenues for research and if it is established that serum bilirubin can predict risks, much will have been achieved. The answer may have to come from molecular genetic analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Breimer
- Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro University Hospital, SE-701 85, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, NW3 2QG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu W, Baker RD, Bhatia T, Zhu L, Baker SS. Pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1969-87. [PMID: 26894897 PMCID: PMC11108381 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and a risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathological features of NASH include steatosis, hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and various degrees of fibrosis. Steatosis reflects disordered lipid metabolism. Insulin resistance and excessive fatty acid influx to the liver are two important contributing factors. Steatosis is also likely associated with lipotoxicity and cellular stresses such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which result in hepatocyte injury. Inflammation and fibrosis are frequently triggered by various signals such as proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, released by injuried hepatocytes and activated Kupffer cells. Although much progress has been made, the pathogenesis of NASH is not fully elucidated. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding of NASH pathogenesis, mainly focusing on factors contributing to steatosis, hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Robert D Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Tavleen Bhatia
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Susan S Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bouchi R, Nakano Y, Ohara N, Takeuchi T, Murakami M, Asakawa M, Sasahara Y, Numasawa M, Minami I, Izumiyama H, Hashimoto K, Yoshimoto T, Ogawa Y. Clinical relevance of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a simultaneous evaluation of fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:64. [PMID: 27075212 PMCID: PMC4831180 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can simultaneously measure both regional fat and non-fat mass. Android-to-gynoid (A/G) ratio measured by DXA has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular risks and visceral adiposity; however, little is known regarding its relationship with fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis among patients with diabetes. This study was designed to investigate the association of android and gynoid fat mass measured by DXA with fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 259 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 64 ± 13 years; 40.2 % female). Android and gynoid fat mass (kg) were measured by DXA. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated as appendicular non-fat mass (kg) divided by height (m2). Visceral fat area (VFA, cm2), subcutaneous fat area (SFA, cm2), and liver attenuation index (LAI) were assessed by abdominal computed tomography. Intima media thickness (IMT, mm) in common carotid arteries was determined by carotid ultrasonography. Results A/G ratio was significantly correlated with VFA (r = 0.72, p < 0.001), SFA (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) and LAI (r = −0.26, p < 0.001). A/G ratio (standardized β −0.223, p = 0.002) as well as VFA (standardized β −0.226, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with LAI in the univariate model. A/G ratio remained to be significantly associated with LAI (standardized β −0.224, p = 0.005) after adjusting for covariates including body mass index and transaminases. Among patients with low SMI (SMI < 7.0 in male and < 5.4 in female), A/G ratio was significantly associated with carotid IMT in the multivariate model (standardized β 0.408, p = 0.014). Conclusions DXA can be used to simultaneously estimate the risks for both fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Bouchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Yujiro Nakano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ohara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takato Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masanori Murakami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Asakawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sasahara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Numasawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Isao Minami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hajime Izumiyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Center for Medical Welfare and Liaison Services, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koshi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Department of Preemptive Medicine and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen MJ, Ho HN. Hepatic manifestations of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 37:119-128. [PMID: 27107966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a higher prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) than the general population. The link between NAFLD/NASH and PCOS is not just a coincidence. Indeed, both of these disorders comprise common risk factors, including central obesity, insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, and hyperandrogenemia. The characteristics of hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS include elevated total and free testosterone levels and low sex hormone-binding globulin levels and are reported to be associated with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes; however, not all elevated androgen levels in women with PCOS have the same adverse effects on the liver. With the exception of weight loss and encouraging exercise in obese women, few evidence-based effective treatments target NAFLD/NASH in women with PCOS. Selective antiandrogens and insulin sensitizers might be beneficial in treating NAFLD/NASH in women with PCOS, but further elucidation is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jou Chen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Trovato GM. Clinical research and methodology. The paradigm of fatty liver and atherosclerosis behind the chicken or the egg dilemma. Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:228-9. [PMID: 27012655 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
45
|
Abstract
The influence of genotype (lean v. fatty) and dietary protein level (normal v. reduced) on plasma metabolites, hepatic fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of lipid-sensitive factors is reported for the first time, using the pig as an experimental model. The experiment was conducted on forty entire male pigs (twenty lean pigs of Large White×Landrace×Pietrain cross-breed and twenty fatty pigs of Alentejana purebreed) from 60 to 93 kg of live weight. Each pig genotype was divided into two subgroups, which were fed the following diets: a normal protein diet (NPD) equilibrated for lysine (17·5 % crude protein and 0·7 % lysine) and a reduced protein diet (RPD) not equilibrated for lysine (13·1 % crude protein and 0·4 % lysine). The majority of plasma metabolites were affected by genotype, with lean pigs having higher contents of lipids, whereas fatty pigs presented higher insulin, leptin and urea levels. RPD increased plasma TAG, free fatty acids and VLDL-cholesterol compared with NPD. Hepatic total lipids were higher in fatty pigs than in the lean genotype. RPD affected hepatic fatty acid composition but had a slight influence on gene expression levels in the liver. Sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 was down-regulated by RPD, and fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were affected by the interaction between genotype and diet. In pigs fed RPD, FADS1 was up-regulated in the lean genotype, whereas FABP4 increased in the fatty genotype. Although there is a genotype-specific effect of dietary protein restriction on hepatic lipid metabolism, lipogenesis is not promoted in the liver of lean or fatty pigs.
Collapse
|
46
|
Vonghia L, Magrone T, Verrijken A, Michielsen P, Van Gaal L, Jirillo E, Francque S. Peripheral and Hepatic Vein Cytokine Levels in Correlation with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)-Related Metabolic, Histological, and Haemodynamic Features. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143380. [PMID: 26599575 PMCID: PMC4658042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemodynamic impairment, inflammatory mediators and glucose metabolism disturbances have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). AIM To investigate the cytokine profile in NAFLD patients in peripheral (P) and hepatic venous (HV) blood and to compare with histology, haemodynamic and metabolic parameters. METHODS 40 obese patients with an indication for a transjugular liver biopsy were enrolled. Besides an extended liver and metabolic work-up, interleukin (IL) 1B, IL4, IL6, IL10, IL23, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α and interferon (INF) γ were measured in plasma obtained from P and HV blood by means of multiplex immunoassay. The T helper (Th)1/Th2, the macrophage M1/M2 and the IL10/IL17a ratios were calculated. RESULTS A decrease of the P-IL10/IL17-ratio and an increase of the P-M1/M2-ratio (p<0.05) were observed in NASH versus no-NASH patients. A P-M1/M2-ratio increase was detected also in patients with portal hypertension in comparison with patients without it (p<0.05). Moreover diabetic patients showed an increase of the P-Th1/Th2-ratio in comparison with non-diabetic ones (p<0.05). The P-M1/M2 ratio positively correlated with steatosis grade (r = 0.39, p = 0.02) and insulin (r = 0.47, p = 0.003). The HV-M1/M2 ratio positively correlated with fasting insulin and Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient (r = 0.47, p = 0.003). IL6 correlated with the visceral fat amount (r = 0.36, p = 0.02). The P- and HV-IL10/IL17 ratios negatively correlated with fasting insulin (respectively r = -0.4, p = 0.005 and r = 0.4, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A proinflammatory cytokine state is associated with more disturbed metabolic, histological, and haemodynamic features in NAFLD obese patients. An increase of the M1/M2 ratio and a decrease of the IL10/IL17 ratio play a key role in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Vonghia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - An Verrijken
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Michielsen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|