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Kumar S, Senapati S, Chang HC. Extracellular vesicle and lipoprotein diagnostics (ExoLP-Dx) with membrane sensor: A robust microfluidic platform to overcome heterogeneity. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:041301. [PMID: 39056024 PMCID: PMC11272220 DOI: 10.1063/5.0218986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The physiological origins and functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and lipoproteins (LPs) propel advancements in precision medicine by offering non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic prospects for cancers, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, EV/LP diagnostics (ExoLP-Dx) face considerable challenges. Their intrinsic heterogeneity, spanning biogenesis pathways, surface protein composition, and concentration metrics complicate traditional diagnostic approaches. Commonly used methods such as nanoparticle tracking analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and nuclear magnetic resonance do not provide any information about their proteomic subfractions, including active proteins/enzymes involved in essential pathways/functions. Size constraints limit the efficacy of flow cytometry for small EVs and LPs, while ultracentrifugation isolation is hampered by co-elution with non-target entities. In this perspective, we propose a charge-based electrokinetic membrane sensor, with silica nanoparticle reporters providing salient features, that can overcome the interference, long incubation time, sensitivity, and normalization issues of ExoLP-Dx from raw plasma without needing sample pretreatment/isolation. A universal EV/LP standard curve is obtained despite their heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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2
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García-Mateo S, Martínez-Domínguez SJ, Gargallo-Puyuelo CJ, Gallego B, Alfambra E, Aso MC, Martinez-Micaelo N, Amigó N, Martínez-García J, Baptista PM, Sanz B, Ballesta S, Espinosa J, Tejero C, Gomollón F. Cardiovascular risk assessment in inflammatory bowel disease with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Med Clin (Barc) 2024; 162:409-416. [PMID: 38423940 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported to increase the risk of early atherosclerosis even in young patients. Moreover, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which has been linked to IBD, is a well-recognized but underdiagnosis entity related to cardiovascular risk. We analyze the impact of MASLD in IBD patients' cardiovascular risk through both advanced lipoprotein profile sorted by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). METHODS Cross-sectional cohort study which involves 941 IBD adult outpatients. Of them, 50 patients with IBD who met criteria for MASLD and 50 with IBD without MASLD, matched by sex and age were included. Alterations in CIMT were evaluated considering abnormal measures above the 75th percentile adjusted for sex and age. Specific advanced lipoprotein profile was also carried out. RESULTS Most of the patients had an abnormal CIMT (58%). MASLD (OR=5.05, CI 95%=1.71-14.92) and female sex (OR=3.32, CI 95%=1.03-10) were significantly associated with CIMT alterations. Dense LDL particles (with high cholesterol composition in general cohort (OR=3.62, 95% CI=1.07-12.19) and high triglycerides density in young subgroup (OR=6.25, 95% CI=1.04-50) but not total LDL cholesterol were associated with CIMT alterations. CONCLUSIONS MASLD and female sex are associated with early atherosclerosis in IBD patients. Dense LDL particle in combination with vascular imaging findings should be evaluated as non-invasive tools in the management of cardiovascular risk in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra García-Mateo
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Lozano Blesa" University Clinical Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Samuel J Martínez-Domínguez
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Lozano Blesa" University Clinical Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carla J Gargallo-Puyuelo
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Lozano Blesa" University Clinical Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gallego
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Erika Alfambra
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María C Aso
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Lozano Blesa" University Clinical Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Amigó
- School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Biosfer Teslab, Plaça del Prim 10, 2on 5a, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-García
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; University of Zaragoza, Department of Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Spain
| | - Pedro M Baptista
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Sanz
- Department of Endocrinology, Manises Hospital, 46940 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Ballesta
- Department of Neurology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Judith Espinosa
- Department of Neurology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Tejero
- Department of Neurology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Gomollón
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Lozano Blesa" University Clinical Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Tutor A, O'Keefe EL, Lavie CJ, Elagizi A, Milani R, O'Keefe J. Omega-3 fatty acids in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 84:19-26. [PMID: 38547956 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Even with substantial progress in primary and secondary prevention, cardiovascular disease (CVD) persists as a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3 PUFAs) have gained considerable attention for their ability to improve CV health and prognosis. Metanalyses of randomized controlled trials have demonstrated Ω-3 PUFAs' positive impact on CVD outcomes for both primary and secondary prevention endpoints. Marine Ω-3 PUFAs also improve CVD risk factors including blood pressure, lipids, and inflammation; however, many physicians do not recommend Ω-3 PUFAs, largely due to inconsistent results in randomized trials. In this comprehensive review article, we evaluate both historic and current data concerning primary and secondary prevention of CVD with use of Ω-3 PUFAs, delve into the potential causes for the varied results, and examine the most current recommendations on the usage of Ω-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Tutor
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Evan L O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Andrew Elagizi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Southlake Regional Health Centre, 596 Davis Drive, Newmarket, ON L3Y 2P9, Canada
| | - Richard Milani
- Center for Clinical Innovation, Sutter Health, Pier One, Bay 1A, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA
| | - James O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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4
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Kirwan R, Mazidi M, Butler T, Perez de Heredia F, Lip GYH, Davies IG. The association of appendicular lean mass and grip strength with low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein particle diameter: a Mendelian randomization study of the UK Biobank cohort. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2024; 4:oeae019. [PMID: 38595990 PMCID: PMC11003544 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Aims Reduced muscle mass and reduced strength are frequently associated with both alterations in blood lipids and poorer cardiometabolic outcomes in epidemiological studies; however, a causal association cannot be determined from such observations. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to assess the association of genetically determined appendicular lean mass (ALM) and handgrip strength (HGS) with serum lipid particle diameter. Methods and results Mendelian randomization was implemented using summary-level data from the largest genome-wide association studies on ALM (n = 450 243), HGS (n = 223 315), and lipoprotein [low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] particle diameters (n = 115 078). Inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used to calculate the causal estimates. Weighted median-based method, MR-Egger, and leave-one-out method were applied as sensitivity analysis. Greater ALM had a statistically significant positive effect on HDL particle diameter (MR-Egger: β = 0.055, SE = 0.031, P = 0.081; IVW: β = 0.068, SE = 0.014, P < 0.001) and a statistically significant negative effect on VLDL particle diameter (MR-Egger: β = -0.114, SE = 0.039, P = 0.003; IVW: β = -0.081, SE = 0.017, P < 0.001). Similarly, greater HGS had a statistically significant positive effect on HDL particle diameter (MR-Egger: β = 0.433, SE = 0.184, P = 0.019; IVW: β = 0.121, SE = 0.052, P = 0.021) and a statistically significant negative effect on VLDL particle diameter (MR-Egger: β = -0.416, SE = 0.163, P = 0.011; IVW: β = -0.122, SE = 0.046, P = 0.009). There was no statistically significant effect of either ALM or HGS on LDL particle diameter. Conclusion There were potentially causal associations between both increasing ALM and HGS and increasing HDL particle size and decreasing VLDL particle size. These causal associations may offer possibilities for interventions aimed at improving cardiovascular disease risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kirwan
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Dr., Doll Bldg, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Butler
- School of Applied Health and Social Care and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Fatima Perez de Heredia
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Danish Center for Clinical Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Valdés S, Doulatram-Gamgaram V, Maldonado-Araque C, García-Escobar E, García-Serrano S, Oualla-Bachiri W, García-Vivanco M, Garrido JL, Gil V, Martín-Llorente F, Calle-Pascual A, Castaño L, Delgado E, Menéndez E, Franch-Nadal J, Gaztambide S, Girbés J, Chaves FJ, Galán-García JL, Aguilera-Venegas G, Vallvé JC, Amigó N, Guardiola M, Ribalta J, Rojo-Martínez G. Association between exposure to air pollution and blood lipids in the general population of Spain. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14101. [PMID: 37795744 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to assess the associations of exposure to air pollutants and standard and advanced lipoprotein measures, in a nationwide sample representative of the adult population of Spain. METHODS We included 4647 adults (>18 years), participants in the national, cross-sectional, population-based di@bet.es study, conducted in 2008-2010. Standard lipid measurements were analysed on an Architect C8000 Analyzer (Abbott Laboratories SA). Lipoprotein analysis was made by an advanced 1 H-NMR lipoprotein test (Liposcale®). Participants were assigned air pollution concentrations for particulate matter <10 μm (PM10 ), <2.5 μm (PM2.5 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), corresponding to the health examination year, obtained by modelling combined with measurements taken at air quality stations (CHIMERE chemistry-transport model). RESULTS In multivariate linear regression models, each IQR increase in PM10 , PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with 3.3%, 3.3% and 3% lower levels of HDL-c and 1.3%, 1.4% and 1.1% lower HDL particle (HDL-p) concentrations (p < .001 for all associations). In multivariate logistic regression, there was a significant association between PM10 , PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations and the odds of presenting low HDL-c (<40 mg/dL), low HDL-p ( CONCLUSIONS Our study shows an association between the exposure to air pollutants and blood lipids in the general population of Spain, suggesting a link to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Valdés
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viyey Doulatram-Gamgaram
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Maldonado-Araque
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva García-Escobar
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara García-Serrano
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wasima Oualla-Bachiri
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta García-Vivanco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) - División de Contaminación Atmosférica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Garrido
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) - División de Contaminación Atmosférica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) - División de Contaminación Atmosférica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín-Llorente
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) - División de Contaminación Atmosférica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calle-Pascual
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria University Hospital S. Carlos (IdISSC), Department Medicine II, Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Castaño
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces, UPV/EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elías Delgado
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias/University of Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Edelmiro Menéndez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias/University of Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- EAP Raval Sud, Institut Català de la Salut, Red GEDAPS, Primary Care, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca (IDIAP - Fundació Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Gaztambide
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Cruces - BioCruces Bizkaia - UPV-EHU, Baracaldo, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Girbés
- Diabetes Unit, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - F Javier Chaves
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Genomic Studies and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico de Valencia - INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Joan Carles Vallvé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISRV, Reus, Spain
- Biosfer Teslab, Reus, Spain
| | - Montse Guardiola
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep Ribalta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martínez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Flores-Guerrero JL, Been RA, Shalaurova I, Connelly MA, van Dijk PR, Dullaart RPF. Triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio and lipoprotein insulin resistance Score: Associations with subclinical atherosclerosis and incident cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117737. [PMID: 38142802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triglyceride/HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio and the Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance (LP-IR) score are lipid markers of insulin resistance. Their associations with carotid intima media thickness (cIMT; subclinical atherosclerosis) and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS In a cross-sectional cohort (89 subjects without type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 81 subjects with T2D we determined cIMT (ultrasound), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the TG/HDL-C ratio. The LP-IR score, based on 6 lipoprotein characteristics determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was measured in 123 participants. A prospective study was carried out among 6232 participants (Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd-stage Disease study). RESULTS Cross-sectionally, the adjusted associations of HOMA-IR, the TG/HDL-C ratio and the LP-IR score with cIMT were approximately similar (standardized β = 0.34 (95 % CI 0.19-0.48), 0.24 (95 % CI 0.09-039) and 0.41 (95 % CI 0.23--0.59), respectively). Prospectively, 507 new cases of CVD were observed after a median follow-up of 8.2 (interquartile range 7.5-8.8) years. HOMA-IR, the TG/HDL-C ratio and LP-IR were each associated with incident CVD independent of potential confounders (HR 1.12, 95 % CI 1.02-1.24;1.22, 95 % CI 1.11-1.35 and 1.15. 95 % CI 1.01-1.31, respectively). The association of the TG/HDL-C ratio with incident CVD was somewhat stronger than that of HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION Lipoprotein-based markers of insulin resistance are at least as strongly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and clinical atherosclerosis development as HOMA-IR, obviating the need to measure insulin to determine the impact of insulin resistance. For practical purposes, the easily obtainable TG/HDL-C ratio may suffice.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Flores-Guerrero
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research and Science Education, Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Riemer A Been
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Peter R van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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7
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Pérez Zapata AI, Varela Rodríguez C, Martín-Arriscado Arroba C, Durán Ballesteros M, Bernaldo de Quirós Fernández M, Amigo Grau N, Ferrero Herrero E, Rodríguez Cuéllar E. Advanced Lipoproteins and Lipidomic Profile in Plasma Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Before and After Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2023; 33:3981-3987. [PMID: 37897641 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is related to cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension, which increase mortality. Basic lipid determinations could underestimate the true atherogenic risk of patients and the impact of bariatric surgery. The objective of the study is to demonstrate the change in the advanced molecular profile of lipoproteins determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in plasma after bariatric surgery, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Descriptive, observational, and prospective study in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Advanced lipid profile was analyzed in plasma from the immediate preoperative period and at the 18th postoperative month by sending samples and performing plasma magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the BiosferTreslab® laboratory. RESULTS Fifty-two patients were included. Average age of 46.3 years; 63.46% were women, 36.54% men. The average BMI was 43.57; the abdominal perimeter 133.50 cm; 32.6% were diabetics under medical treatment, 44.23% hypertensive, and 19.23% smokers; 86.53% of the patients presented alterations in at least one of the analytical parameters in the lipid study. Twenty-nine (55.7%) underwent banded gastric bypass (PGB), 19.23% underwent GBP, and 17.31% vertical gastrectomy. The rest were revision surgeries, two BPG-A and two biliopancreatic diversions after GV. All patients presented some improvement in advanced molecular profile of lipoproteins. Twenty percent of the patients normalized all the parameters. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery improves advanced molecular profile of lipoproteins, decreasing CVRF. Analysis of the characteristics of lipoprotein particles by NMR spectrometry is optimal for studying lipoprotein metabolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Pérez Zapata
- Esophagogastric and Bariatric Surgery Unit, General and Digestive System Surgery Department, Royo Villanova University Hospital, Av. de San Gregorio, S/N, 50015, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Carolina Varela Rodríguez
- Healthcare Quality Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Durán Ballesteros
- General and Digestive System Surgery Department, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Labeaga Auzoa, 48960, Galdakao, , Vizkaia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Bernaldo de Quirós Fernández
- General and Digestive System Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplant Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Ferrero Herrero
- General and Digestive System Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplant Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elías Rodríguez Cuéllar
- Esophagogastric and Bariatric Surgery Unit, General and Digestive System Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplant Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Ahmad F. Dietary patterns and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Nutr Health 2023; 29:609-610. [PMID: 38038703 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231216523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Firdos Ahmad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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9
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Martín-Campos JM, Cárcel-Márquez J, Llucià-Carol L, Lledós M, Cullell N, Muiño E, Gallego-Fabrega C, Fernández-Cadenas I. Causal role of lipid metabolome on the risk of ischemic stroke, its etiological subtypes, and long-term outcome: A Mendelian randomization study. Atherosclerosis 2023; 386:117382. [PMID: 38006695 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The lipid profile is consistently associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS). However, the lipoprotein subfractions have not been deeply explored in stroke subtypes, especially in IS outcome. METHODS We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using 92 lipid traits measured by nuclear magnetic resonance in 115,000 subjects from the UK Biobank. Data for genetic associations with IS, its subtypes, and long-term outcome (LTO) were obtained from three cohorts of European ancestry: GIGASTROKE (73,652 cases, 1,234,808 controls), GODS (n = 1791) and GISCOME (n = 6165). Results obtained using CARDIoGRAMPlusC4D were used to identify differences with CAD. RESULTS Genetically determined low concentration of medium high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles (odds ratio (OR) = 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.96; p = 3.6 × 10-4) and its cholesterol content (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.96; p = 1.9 × 10-4) showed causal associations with an increased risk of stroke. Genetic predisposition to high apolipoprotein (apo)B to apoA-I ratio was causally associated with an increased risk of IS (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.06-1.18, p = 1.1 × 10-4), and a highly suggestive association was found between non-esterified cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increased risk of atherothrombotic stroke (LAS) (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.10-1.66; p = 4.0 × 10-3). Low cholesterol in small and medium LDL was suggestively associated with poor LTO. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that low medium HDL concentration was causally associated with an increased stroke risk, while high levels of non-esterified cholesterol in LDL were suggestively associated with an increased risk of LAS and with a better LTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Martín-Campos
- Stroke Pharmacogenomic and Genetics, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
| | - Jara Cárcel-Márquez
- Stroke Pharmacogenomic and Genetics, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Llucià-Carol
- Stroke Pharmacogenomic and Genetics, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), National Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Lledós
- Stroke Pharmacogenomic and Genetics, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Cullell
- Stroke Pharmacogenomic and Genetics, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa/Fundació Docència I Recerca, Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Muiño
- Stroke Pharmacogenomic and Genetics, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Gallego-Fabrega
- Stroke Pharmacogenomic and Genetics, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández-Cadenas
- Stroke Pharmacogenomic and Genetics, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Carter S, Hill AM, Mead LC, Wong HY, Yandell C, Buckley JD, Tan SY, Rogers GB, Fraysse F, Coates AM. Almonds vs. carbohydrate snacks in an energy-restricted diet: Weight and cardiometabolic outcomes from a randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2467-2481. [PMID: 37621033 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated weight and cardiometabolic outcomes after a 3-month energy-restricted diet (-30%) containing almonds (almond-enriched diet [AED]) or containing carbohydrate-rich snacks (nut-free control diet [NFD]) (Phase 1), followed by 6 months of weight maintenance (Phase 2). METHODS Participants (25-65 years old) with overweight or obesity (BMI 27.5-34.9 kg/m2 ) were randomly allocated to AED (n = 68) or NFD (n = 72). RESULTS Both groups lost weight during Phase 1 (p < 0.001) (mean [SE], -7.0 [0.5] kg AED vs. -7.0 [0.5] kg NFD, p = 0.858) and Phase 2 (p = 0.009) (-1.1 [0.5] kg AED vs. -1.3 [0.6] NFD, p = 0.756), with improvements in percentage lean mass after Phase 2 (4.8% [0.3%], p < 0.001). Reductions occurred in fasting glucose (-0.2 [0.07] mmol/L, p = 0.003), insulin (-8.1 [4.0] pmol/L, p = 0.036), blood pressure (-4.9 [0.8] mm Hg systolic, -5.0 [0.5] mm Hg diastolic, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (-0.3 [0.1] mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (-0.2 [0.1] mmol/L), very low-density lipoprotein (-0.1 [0.03] mmol/L), and triglycerides (-0.3 [0.06] mmol/L) (all p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein increased (0.1 [0.02] mmol/L, p = 0.011) by the end of Phase 2 in both groups. There were group by time interactions for lipoprotein particle concentrations: very small triglyceride-rich (-31.0 [7.7] nmol/L AED vs. -4.8 [7.9] nmol/L NFD, p = 0.007), small LDL (-109.3 [40.5] nmol/L AED vs. -20.7 [41.6] nmol/L NFD, p = 0.017), and medium LDL (-24.4 [43.4] nmol/L AED vs. -130.5 [44.4] nmol/L NFD, p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS An energy-restricted AED resulted in weight loss and weight loss maintenance comparable to an energy-restricted NFD, and both diets supported cardiometabolic health. The AED resulted in greater improvements in some lipoprotein subfractions, which may enhance reductions in cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayah Carter
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison M Hill
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren C Mead
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hoi Y Wong
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine Yandell
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Buckley
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Microbiome Research, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Francois Fraysse
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison M Coates
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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11
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Solsona EM, Johnson L, Northstone K, Buckland G. Prospective association between an obesogenic dietary pattern in early adolescence and metabolomics derived and traditional cardiometabolic risk scores in adolescents and young adults from the ALSPAC cohort. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:41. [PMID: 37715209 PMCID: PMC10504726 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake during early life may be a modifying factor for cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Metabolomic profiling may enable more precise identification of CMR in adolescence than traditional CMR scores. We aim to assess and compare the prospective associations between an obesogenic dietary pattern (DP) score at age 13 years with a novel vs. traditional CMR score in adolescence and young adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). METHODS Study participants were ALSPAC children with diet diary data at age 13. The obesogenic DP z-score, characterized by high energy-density, high % of energy from total fat and free sugars, and low fibre density, was previously derived using reduced rank regression. CMR scores were calculated by combining novel metabolites or traditional risk factors (fat mass index, insulin resistance, mean arterial blood pressure, triacylglycerol, HDL and LDL cholesterol) at age 15 (n = 1808), 17 (n = 1629), and 24 years (n = 1760). Multivariable linear regression models estimated associations of DP z-score with log-transformed CMR z-scores. RESULTS Compared to the lowest tertile, the highest DP z-score tertile at age 13 was associated with an increase in the metabolomics CMR z-score at age 15 (β = 0.20, 95% CI 0.09, 0.32, p trend < 0.001) and at age 17 (β = 0.22, 95% CI 0.10, 0.34, p trend < 0.001), and with the traditional CMR z-score at age 15 (β = 0.15, 95% CI 0.05, 0.24, p trend 0.020). There was no evidence of an association at age 17 for the traditional CMR z-score (β = 0.07, 95% CI -0.03, 0.16, p trend 0.137) or for both scores at age 24. CONCLUSIONS An obesogenic DP was associated with greater CMR in adolescents. Stronger associations were observed with a novel metabolite CMR score compared to traditional risk factors. There may be benefits from modifying diet during adolescence for CMR health, which should be prioritized for further research in trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Martínez Solsona
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, BS8 1TZ, Bristol, UK.
| | - Laura Johnson
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, BS8 1TZ, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Health, NatCen Social Research, London, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Genevieve Buckland
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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12
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Andersen CJ, Huang L, Zhai F, Esposito CP, Greco JM, Zhang R, Woodruff R, Sloan A, Van Dyke AR. Consumption of Different Egg-Based Diets Alters Clinical Metabolic and Hematological Parameters in Young, Healthy Men and Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:3747. [PMID: 37686779 PMCID: PMC10490185 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs-particularly egg yolks-are a rich source of bioactive nutrients and dietary compounds that influence metabolic health, lipid metabolism, immune function, and hematopoiesis. We investigated the effects of consuming an egg-free diet, three egg whites per day, and three whole eggs per day for 4 weeks on comprehensive clinical metabolic, immune, and hematologic profiles in young, healthy adults (18-35 y, BMI < 30 kg/m2 or <30% body fat for men and <40% body fat for women, n = 26) in a 16-week randomized, crossover intervention trial. We observed that average daily macro- and micronutrient intake significantly differed across egg diet periods, including greater intake of choline during the whole egg diet period, which corresponded to increased serum choline and betaine without altering trimethylamine N-oxide. Egg white and whole egg intake increased serum isoleucine while whole egg intake reduced serum glycine-markers of increased and decreased risk of insulin resistance, respectively-without altering other markers of glucose sensitivity or inflammation. Whole egg intake increased a subset of large HDL particles (H6P, 10.8 nm) and decreased the total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio and % monocytes in female participants using combined oral contraceptive (COC) medication (n = 11) as compared to female non-users (n = 10). Whole egg intake further increased blood hematocrit whereas egg white and whole egg intake reduced blood platelet counts. Changes in clinical immune cell counts between egg white and whole egg diet periods were negatively correlated with several HDL parameters yet positively correlated with measures of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and insulin sensitivity. Overall, the intake of whole eggs led to greater overall improvements in micronutrient diet quality, choline status, and HDL and hematologic profiles while minimally-yet potentially less adversely-affecting markers of insulin resistance as compared to egg whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Andersen
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; (J.M.G.); (A.S.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Lindsey Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Fangyi Zhai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Christa Palancia Esposito
- Marion Peckham Egan School of Nursing and Health Studies, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA;
| | - Julia M. Greco
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; (J.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Rachael Woodruff
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Allison Sloan
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; (J.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Aaron R. Van Dyke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA;
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13
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Srivastava RAK. A Review of Progress on Targeting LDL Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Pathways for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia, a Major Risk Factor of ASCVD. Cells 2023; 12:1648. [PMID: 37371118 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the LDL receptor in 1973 by Brown and Goldstein as a causative protein in hypercholesterolemia, tremendous amounts of effort have gone into finding ways to manage high LDL cholesterol in familial hypercholesterolemic (HoFH and HeFH) individuals with loss-of-function mutations in the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene. Statins proved to be the first blockbuster drug, helping both HoFH and HeFH individuals by inhibiting the cholesterol synthesis pathway rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase and inducing the LDL receptor. However, statins could not achieve the therapeutic goal of LDL. Other therapies targeting LDLR include PCSK9, which lowers LDLR by promoting LDLR degradation. Inducible degrader of LDLR (IDOL) also controls the LDLR protein, but an IDOL-based therapy is yet to be developed. Among the LDLR-independent pathways, such as angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3), apolipoprotein (apo) B, apoC-III and CETP, only ANGPTL3 offers the advantage of treating both HoFH and HeFH patients and showing relatively better preclinical and clinical efficacy in animal models and hypercholesterolemic individuals, respectively. While loss-of-LDLR-function mutations have been known for decades, gain-of-LDLR-function mutations have recently been identified in some individuals. The new information on gain of LDLR function, together with CRISPR-Cas9 genome/base editing technology to target LDLR and ANGPTL3, offers promise to HoFH and HeFH individuals who are at a higher risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai Ajit K Srivastava
- Integrated Pharma Solutions LLC, Boston, MA 02101-02117, USA
- College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02101-02117, USA
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14
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Novau-Ferré N, Rojas M, Gutierrez-Tordera L, Arcelin P, Folch J, Papandreou C, Bulló M. Lipoprotein Particle Profiles Associated with Telomere Length and Telomerase Complex Components. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112624. [PMID: 37299586 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is a well-known marker of age-related diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation increase the rate of telomere shortening, triggering cellular senescence. Although lipoproteins could have anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory functional properties, the relationship between lipoprotein particles with TL and telomerase activity-related genes has not been investigated much. In this study, we assessed the associations of lipoprotein subfractions with telomere length, TERT, and WRAP53 expression in a total of 54 pre-diabetic subjects from the EPIRDEM study. We regressed TL, TERT, and WRAP53 on 12 lipoprotein subclasses, employing a Gaussian linear regression method with Lasso penalty to determine a lipoprotein profile associated with telomere-related parameters. The covariates included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), dyslipidemia, statin consumption, and physical activity leisure time. We identified a lipoprotein profile composed of four lipoprotein subfractions associated with TL (Pearson r = 0.347, p-value = 0.010), two lipoprotein subfractions associated with TERT expression (Pearson r = 0.316, p-value = 0.020), and five lipoprotein subfractions associated with WRAP53 expression (Pearson r = 0.379, p-value =0.005). After adjusting for known confounding factors, most lipoprotein profiles maintained the association with TL, TERT, and WRAP53. Overall, medium and small-sized HDL particles were associated with shorter telomeres and lower expression of TERT and WRAP53. Large HDL particles were associated with longer telomere and lower expression of WRAP53, but not with TERT. Our results suggest that the lipoprotein profiles are associated with telomere length, TERT, and WRAP53 expression and should be considered when assessing the risk of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Novau-Ferré
- Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology(TecnATox), Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Melina Rojas
- Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology(TecnATox), Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Laia Gutierrez-Tordera
- Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology(TecnATox), Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Pierre Arcelin
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Atención Básica de Salud (ABS) Reus V. Centro de Atención Primaria Marià Fortuny, SAGESSA, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology(TecnATox), Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Papandreou
- Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology(TecnATox), Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), 72300 Siteia, Greece
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology(TecnATox), Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Atención Básica de Salud (ABS) Reus V. Centro de Atención Primaria Marià Fortuny, SAGESSA, 43204 Reus, Spain
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Guixeres-Esteve T, Ponce-Zanón F, Morales JM, Lurbe E, Alvarez-Pitti J, Monleón D. Impact of Maternal Weight Gain on the Newborn Metabolome. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040561. [PMID: 37110219 PMCID: PMC10142613 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) appear to affect birth weight and the offspring's risk of obesity and disease later in life. However, the identification of the mediators of this relationship, could be of clinical interest, taking into account the presence of other confounding factors, such as genetics and other shared influences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolomic profiles of infants at birth (cord blood) and 6 and 12 months after birth to identify offspring metabolites associated with maternal GWG. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolic profiles were measured in 154 plasma samples from newborns (82 cord blood samples) and in 46 and 26 of these samples at 6 months and 12 months of age, respectively. The levels of relative abundance of 73 metabolomic parameters were determined in all the samples. We performed univariate and machine-learning analysis of the association between the metabolic levels and maternal weight gain adjusted for mother's age, Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes, diet adherence and infant sex. Overall, our results showed differences, both at the univariate level and in the machine-learning models, between the offspring, according to the tertiles of maternal weight gain. Some of these differences were resolved at 6 and 12 months of age, whereas some others remained. Lactate and leucine were the metabolites with the strongest and longest association with maternal weight gain during pregnancy. Leucine, as well as other significant metabolites, have been associated in the past with metabolic wellness in both general and obese populations. Our results suggest that the metabolic changes associated to excessive GWG are present in children from early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Guixeres-Esteve
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Ponce-Zanón
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Morales
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Empar Lurbe
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez-Pitti
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Monleón
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Alterations of NMR-Based Lipoprotein Profile Distinguish Unstable Angina Patients with Different Severity of Coronary Lesions. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020273. [PMID: 36837892 PMCID: PMC9958945 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive detection of unstable angina (UA) patients with different severity of coronary lesions remains challenging. This study aimed to identify plasma lipoproteins (LPs) that can be used as potential biomarkers for assessing the severity of coronary lesions, determined by the Gensini score (GS), in UA patients. We collected blood plasma from 67 inpatients with angiographically normal coronary arteries (NCA) and 230 UA patients, 155 of them with lowGS (GS ≤ 25.4) and 75 with highGS (GS > 25.4), and analyzed it using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify 112 lipoprotein variables. In a logistic regression model adjusted for four well-known risk factors (age, sex, body mass index and use of lipid-lowering drugs), we tested the association between each lipoprotein and the risk of UA. Combined with the result of LASSO and PLS-DA models, ten of them were identified as important LPs. The discrimination with the addition of selected LPs was evaluated. Compared with the basic logistic model that includes four risk factors, the addition of these ten LPs concentrations did not significantly improve UA versus NCA discrimination. However, thirty-two selected LPs showed notable discrimination power in logistic regression modeling distinguishing highGS UA patients from NCA with a 14.9% increase of the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve. Among these LPs, plasma from highGS patients was enriched with LDL and VLDL subfractions, but lacked HDL subfractions. In summary, we conclude that blood plasma lipoproteins can be used as biomarkers to distinguish UA patients with severe coronary lesions from NCA patients.
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Kumar S, Maniya N, Wang C, Senapati S, Chang HC. Quantifying PON1 on HDL with nanoparticle-gated electrokinetic membrane sensor for accurate cardiovascular risk assessment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:557. [PMID: 36732521 PMCID: PMC9895453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease-related deaths (one-third of global deaths) can be reduced with a simple screening test for better biomarkers than the current lipid and lipoprotein profiles. We propose using a highly atheroprotective subset of HDL with colocalized PON1 (PON1-HDL) for superior cardiovascular risk assessment. However, direct quantification of HDL proteomic subclasses are complicated by the peroxides/antioxidants associated with HDL interfering with redox reactions in enzymatic calorimetric and electrochemical immunoassays. Hence, we developed an enzyme-free Nanoparticle-Gated Electrokinetic Membrane Sensor (NGEMS) platform for quantification of PON1-HDL in plasma within 60 min, with a sub-picomolar limit of detection, 3-4 log dynamic range and without needing sample pretreatment or individual-sample calibration. Using NGEMS, we report our study on human plasma PON1-HDL as a cardiovascular risk marker with AUC~0.99 significantly outperforming others (AUC~0.6-0.8), including cholesterol/triglycerides tests. Validation for a larger cohort can establish PON1-HDL as a biomarker that can potentially reshape cardiovascular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Nalin Maniya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Ceming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
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Teis A, Castelblanco E, Cediel G, Amigó N, Julve J, Ribalta J, Guardiola M, Franch J, Bermúdez-López M, Codina P, Lupón J, Mauricio D, Alonso N, Bayés-Genís A. 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy lipoprotein profile in patients with chronic heart failure versus matched controls. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 75:864-873. [PMID: 34716123 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Advanced lipoprotein phenotyping is a better predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk than cholesterol concentration alone. Lipoprotein profiling in heart failure (HF) is incompletely characterized. We aimed to describe the lipoprotein profile in patients with chronic HF compared with a matched control population. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed from May 2006 to April 2014 and included ambulatory patients with chronic HF. Lipid concentrations and the size of main lipoprotein fractions (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and very low-density lipoprotein) and the particle concentration of their 3 subfractions (large, medium and small) were assessed using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS The 429 included patients with chronic HF were compared with 428 matched controls. Patients with chronic HF had lower total cholesterol and lower mean LDL (1115 vs 1352 nmol/L; P<.001) and HDL (25.7 vs 27.9μmol/L; P <.001) particle concentrations, with this last difference being mediated by a significantly lower concentration of the small subfraction of HDL (15.2 vs 18.6μmol/L; P <.001). Mean very low-density lipoprotein, LDL, and HDL particle size was significantly higher in patients with HF vs controls. All HDL-related differences from controls persisted after adjustment for New York Heart Association functional class or body mass index. We found strong negative correlations of known cardiac biomarkers (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and interleukin-1 receptor-like 1) with total and small LDL and HDL fractions and HDL particle size. CONCLUSIONS Patients with chronic HF significantly differ in their lipoprotein profile compared with unaffected controls. Further research is needed to better understand the pathogenic relevance of this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Teis
- Institut del Cor, Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Institut de Recerca i d'Investigació Biomèdica de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Departament d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Germán Cediel
- Institut del Cor, Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut del Cor, Unitat d'Insuficiència Cardiaca, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Amigó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Biosfer Teslab SL, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Institut de Recerca i d'Investigació Biomèdica de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Ribalta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Aterosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montse Guardiola
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Aterosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Franch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelino Bermúdez-López
- Grupo Investigación Translacional Vascular y Renal, IRBLleida, Red de Investigación Renal (RedInRen-ISCIII), Lleida, Spain
| | - Pau Codina
- Institut del Cor, Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut del Cor, Unitat d'Insuficiència Cardiaca, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lupón
- Institut del Cor, Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut del Cor, Unitat d'Insuficiència Cardiaca, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Institut de Recerca i d'Investigació Biomèdica de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida Dr. Pifarré (IRB Lleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Departament d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- Institut del Cor, Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
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Phenotypic and Genetic Evidence for a More Prominent Role of Blood Glucose than Cholesterol in Atherosclerosis of Hyperlipidemic Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172669. [PMID: 36078077 PMCID: PMC9455034 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Apoe-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice on certain genetic backgrounds develop hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and T2D when fed a Western diet. Here, we sought to dissect phenotypic and genetic relationships of blood lipids and glucose with atherosclerotic plaque formation when the vasculature is exposed to high levels of cholesterol and glucose. Male F2 mice were generated from LP/J and BALB/cJ Apoe−/− mice and fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. Three significant QTL Ath51, Ath52 and Ath53 on chromosomes (Chr) 3 and 15 were mapped for atherosclerotic lesions. Ath52 on proximal Chr15 overlapped with QTL for plasma glucose, non-HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride. Atherosclerotic lesion sizes showed significant correlations with fasting, non-fasting glucose, non-fasting triglyceride, and body weight but no correlation with HDL, non-HDL cholesterol, and fasting triglyceride levels. Ath52 for atherosclerosis was down-graded from significant to suggestive level after adjustment for fasting, non-fasting glucose, and non-fasting triglyceride but minimally affected by HDL, non-HDL cholesterol, and fasting triglyceride. Adjustment for body weight suppressed Ath52 but elevated Ath53 on distal Chr15. These results demonstrate phenotypic and genetic connections of blood glucose and triglyceride with atherosclerosis, and suggest a more prominent role for blood glucose than cholesterol in atherosclerotic plaque formation of hyperlipidemic mice.
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Cardiac telerehabilitation with long-term follow-up reduces GlycA and improves lipoprotein particle profile: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Cardiol 2022; 369:60-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lipoprotein Profile in Immunological Non-Responders PLHIV after Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158071. [PMID: 35897644 PMCID: PMC9330003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based advanced lipoprotein tests have demonstrated that LDL and HDL particle numbers (LDL-P and HDL-P) are more powerful cardiovascular (CV) risk biomarkers than conventional cholesterol markers. Of interest, in people living with HIV (PLHIV), predictors of preclinical atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction may be associated with impaired immune function. We previously stated that immunological non-responders (INR) were at higher CV risk than immunological responders (IR) before starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). Using Liposcale® tests, we characterized the lipoprotein profile from the same cohort of PLHIV at month 12 and month 36 after starting ART, intending to explore what happened with these indicators of CV risk during viral suppression. ART initiation dissipates the differences in lipoprotein-based CV risk markers between INR and IR, and only an increase in the number of HDL-P was found in INR + IR when compared to controls (p = 0.047). Interestingly, CD4+ T-cell counts negatively correlated with medium HDL-P concentrations at month 12 in all individuals (ρ = −0.335, p = 0.003). Longitudinal analyses showed an important increase in LDL-P and HDL-P at month 36 when compared to baseline values in both IR and INR. A proper balance between a proatherogenic and atherogenic environment may be related to the reconstitution of CD4+ T-cell count in PLHIV.
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Algaba-Chueca F, Maymó-Masip E, Ballesteros M, Guarque A, Majali-Martínez A, Freixes O, Amigó N, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J, Megía A. Cord Blood Advanced Lipoprotein Testing Reveals an Interaction between Gestational Diabetes and Birth-Weight and Suggests a New Early Biomarker of Infant Obesity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051033. [PMID: 35625770 PMCID: PMC9138640 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal lipid metabolism is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and is observed in neonates with abnormal fetal growth. However, the underlying specific changes in the lipoprotein profile remain poorly understood. Thus, in the present study we used a novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based approach to profile the umbilical cord serum lipoproteins. Two-dimensional diffusion-ordered 1H-NMR spectroscopy showed that size, lipid content, number and concentration of particles within their subclasses were similar between offspring born to control (n = 74) and GDM (n = 62) mothers. Subsequent data stratification according to newborn birth-weight categories, i.e., small (n = 39), appropriate (n = 50) or large (n = 49) for gestational age (SGA, AGA and LGA, respectively), showed an interaction between GDM and birth-weight categories for intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL)-cholesterol content and IDL- and low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-triglyceride content, and the number of medium very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and LDL particles specifically in AGA neonates. Moreover, in a 2-year follow-up study, we observed that small LDL particles were independently associated with offspring obesity at 2 years (n = 103). Collectively, our data demonstrate that GDM disturbs triglyceride and cholesterol lipoprotein content across birth-weight categories, with AGA neonates born to GDM mothers displaying a profile more similar to that of adults with dyslipidemia. Furthermore, an altered fetal lipoprotein pattern was associated with the development of obesity at 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Algaba-Chueca
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Dr. Mallafre Guasch, 4, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (F.A.-C.); (E.M.-M.); (O.F.); (S.F.-V.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)—Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Departament of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Elsa Maymó-Masip
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Dr. Mallafre Guasch, 4, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (F.A.-C.); (E.M.-M.); (O.F.); (S.F.-V.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)—Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mónica Ballesteros
- Departament of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.B.); (A.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Dr. Mallafre Guasch, 4, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Albert Guarque
- Departament of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.B.); (A.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Dr. Mallafre Guasch, 4, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Olga Freixes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Dr. Mallafre Guasch, 4, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (F.A.-C.); (E.M.-M.); (O.F.); (S.F.-V.)
| | - Núria Amigó
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)—Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Departament of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.B.); (A.G.)
- Biosfer Teslab SL Plaça del Prim, 10 2on 5a, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Dr. Mallafre Guasch, 4, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (F.A.-C.); (E.M.-M.); (O.F.); (S.F.-V.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)—Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Departament of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Dr. Mallafre Guasch, 4, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (F.A.-C.); (E.M.-M.); (O.F.); (S.F.-V.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)—Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Departament of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.B.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-977-29-58-00 (A.M.)
| | - Ana Megía
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Dr. Mallafre Guasch, 4, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (F.A.-C.); (E.M.-M.); (O.F.); (S.F.-V.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)—Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Departament of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.B.); (A.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-977-29-58-00 (A.M.)
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Behling-Kelly E, Haak CE, Carney P, Waffle J, Eaton K, Goggs R. Acute phase protein response and changes in lipoprotein particle size in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:993-1004. [PMID: 35420224 PMCID: PMC9151453 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Improved methodology to measure acute phase proteins and determination of lipoprotein particle‐size distribution (PSD) could be clinically useful in dogs with systemic inflammatory processes. Objectives Evaluate an immunoturbidometric assay for serum amyloid A (SAA) and lipoprotein PSD in dogs with sepsis, nonseptic systemic inflammation, and in healthy controls. Correlate dyslipidemic changes with SAA and C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. Animals Twenty‐five dogs with sepsis, 15 dogs with nonseptic systemic inflammation, and 22 healthy controls. Methods Prospective, case‐control study. Variables included SAA, CRP, and electrophoretic subfractionation of high‐ and low‐density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL). Continuous variables were compared using ANOVA or Kruskal‐Wallis tests with linear regression or Spearman's rank correlation used to assess relationships between variables. Results Median SAA and CRP concentrations were greater in dogs with sepsis (SAA 460 mg/L, interquartile range [IQR] 886 mg/L; CRP 133.2 mg/L, IQR 91.6 mg/L) and nonseptic inflammation (SAA 201 mg/L, IQR 436 mg/L; CRP 91.1 mg/L, IQR 88.6 mg/L) compared to healthy dogs (SAA 0.0 mg/L, IQR 0.0 mg/L; CRP 4.9 mg/L, IQR 0.0 mg/L) P < .0001. A cutoff of >677.5 mg/L SAA was 43.2% sensitive and 92.3% specific for sepsis. Low‐density lipoprotein was higher in dogs with sepsis 29.6%, (mean, SD 14.6) compared to 14.4% (mean, SD 5.6) of all lipoproteins in healthy controls (P = .005). High‐density lipoprotein was not associated with CRP but was negatively correlated with SAA (rs −0.47, P < .0001). Subfractions of LDL and HDL differed between groups (all P < .05). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Measurement of SAA using the immunoturbidometric assay evaluated in this study and lipoprotein PSD in dogs with inflammation might help distinguish septic from nonseptic causes of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Behling-Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Carol E Haak
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Carney
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Waffle
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kelly Eaton
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Delgado-Velandia M, Gonzalez-Marrachelli V, Domingo-Relloso A, Galvez-Fernandez M, Grau-Perez M, Olmedo P, Galan I, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Amigo N, Briongos-Figuero L, Redon J, Martin-Escudero JC, Monleon-Salvado D, Tellez-Plaza M, Sotos-Prieto M. Healthy lifestyle, metabolomics and incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort from Spain. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:8. [PMID: 35086546 PMCID: PMC8793258 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The contribution of metabolomic factors to the association of healthy lifestyle with type 2 diabetes risk is unknown. We assessed the association of a composite measure of lifestyle with plasma metabolite profiles and incident type 2 diabetes, and whether relevant metabolites can explain the prospective association between healthy lifestyle and incident type 2 diabetes. Methods A Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS) (5-point scale including diet, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption and BMI) was estimated in 1016 Hortega Study participants, who had targeted plasma metabolomic determinations at baseline examination in 2001–2003, and were followed-up to 2015 to ascertain incident type 2 diabetes. Results The HLS was cross-sectionally associated with 32 (out of 49) plasma metabolites (2.5% false discovery rate). In the subset of 830 participants without prevalent type 2 diabetes, the rate ratio (RR) and rate difference (RD) of incident type 2 diabetes (n cases = 51) per one-point increase in HLS was, respectively, 0.69 (95% CI, 0.51, 0.93), and − 8.23 (95% CI, − 16.34, − 0.13)/10,000 person-years. In single-metabolite models, most of the HLS-related metabolites were prospectively associated with incident type 2 diabetes. In probit Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression, these prospective associations were mostly driven by medium HDL particle concentration and phenylpropionate, followed by small LDL particle concentration, which jointly accounted for ~ 50% of the HLS-related decrease in incident type 2 diabetes. Conclusions The HLS showed a strong inverse association with incident type 2 diabetes, which was largely explained by plasma metabolites measured years before the clinical diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01219-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Delgado-Velandia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vannina Gonzalez-Marrachelli
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Galvez-Fernandez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Grau-Perez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Olmedo
- Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology. School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Iñaki Galan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Amigo
- Biosfer Teslab, Av. Universitat, 1 43204, Reus, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBERDEM (CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josep Redon
- Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Monleon-Salvado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain. .,Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Siurana JM, Sabaté-Rotés A, Amigó N, Martínez-Micaelo N, Arciniegas L, Riaza L, Mogas E, Rosés-Noguer F, Ventura PS, Yeste D. Different profiles of lipoprotein particles associate various degrees of cardiac involvement in adolescents with morbid obesity. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:887771. [PMID: 36483472 PMCID: PMC9723388 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.887771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyslipidemia secondary to obesity is a risk factor related to cardiovascular disease events, however a pathological conventional lipid profile (CLP) is infrequently found in obese children. The objective is to evaluate the advanced lipoprotein testing (ALT) and its relationship with cardiac changes, metabolic syndrome (MS) and inflammatory markers in a population of morbidly obese adolescents with normal CLP and without type 2 diabetes mellitus, the most common scenario in obese adolescents. METHODS Prospective case-control research of 42 morbidly obese adolescents and 25 normal-weight adolescents, whose left ventricle (LV) morphology and function had been assessed. The ALT was obtained by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the results were compared according to the degree of cardiac involvement - normal heart, mild LV changes, and severe LV changes (specifically LV remodeling and systolic dysfunction) - and related to inflammation markers [highly-sensitive C-reactive protein and glycoprotein A (GlycA)] and insulin-resistance [homeostatic model assessment for insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR)]. A second analysis was performed to compare our results with the predominant ALT when only body mass index and metabolic syndrome criteria were considered. RESULTS The three cardiac involvement groups showed significant increases in HOMA-IR, inflammatory markers and ALT ratio LDL-P/HDL-P (40.0 vs. 43.9 vs. 47.1, p 0.012). When only cardiac change groups were considered, differences in small LDL-P (565.0 vs. 625.1 nmol/L, p 0.070), VLDL size and GlycA demonstrated better utility than just traditional risk factors to predict which subjects could present severe LV changes [AUC: 0.79 (95% CI: 0.54-1)]. In the second analysis, an atherosclerotic ALT was detected in morbidly obese subjects, characterized by a significant increase in large VLDL-P, small LDL-P, ratio LDL-P/HDL-P and ratio HDL-TG/HDL-C. Subjects with criteria for MS presented overall worse ALT (specially in triglyceride-enriched particles) and remnant cholesterol values. CONCLUSIONS ALT parameters and GlycA appear to be more reliable indicators of cardiac change severity than traditional CV risk factors. Particularly, the overage of LDL-P compared to HDL-P and the increase in small LDL-P with cholesterol-depleted LDL particles appear to be the key ALT's parameters involved in LV changes. Morbidly obese adolescents show an atherosclerotic ALT and those with MS present worse ALT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Siurana
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital HM Nens, HM Hospitales, Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sabaté-Rotés
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab, Reus, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Martínez-Micaelo
- Biosfer Teslab, Reus, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Larry Arciniegas
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Riaza
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Mogas
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Rosés-Noguer
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula S Ventura
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital HM Nens, HM Hospitales, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Diego Yeste
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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26
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Abstract
Bone mineral mass, geometry and microstructure, hence determinants of fracture risk, result bone accrual during growth and bone loss later in life. Peak bone mass, which is reached by the end of the second decade of life, is mainly determined by genetic factors. Among other factors influencing bone capital, dietary intakes, particularly calcium and protein, play a significant role in peak bone mass attainment. Both nutrients are provided in dairy products, which accounts for 50-60% and 20-30% of the daily calcium and protein intakes, respectively. Children avoiding dairy products are at higher risk of fracture, as are adults or older individuals following a diet devoid of dairy products, like vegans. Various intervention trials have shown some beneficial effects of dairy products on bone capital accumulation during growth and on bone turnover in adults. In observational studies, dairy products intake, particularly the fermented ones, which also provide probiotics in addition to calcium, phosphorus and protein, appear to be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture.
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27
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Perfil lipoproteico por espectroscopia nuclear magnética en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica comparado con controles apareados. Rev Esp Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Bermudez-Lopez M, Perpiñan H, Amigo N, Castro E, Alonso N, Mauricio D, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Advanced lipoprotein parameters could better explain atheromatosis in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:2591-2599. [PMID: 34950470 PMCID: PMC8690051 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have a high burden of atheromatous cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) not fully explained by traditional lipid parameters. Lipoprotein composition and subclass particle number information could improve ASCVD risk assessment. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of advanced lipoprotein parameters with the risk of atheromatosis in a subpopulation of the NEFRONA study. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in 395 non-diabetic individuals (209 CKD and 186 non-diabetic and non-CKD) without statin therapy. Vascular ultrasound examination assessing 10 territories was combined with advanced lipoprotein testing performed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) per 1 standard deviation increment. Results Atheromatosis was more prevalent in CKD patients (33.9% versus 64.6%). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking habit and CKD stage, the amount of triglycerides (TGs) within low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lipoproteins was independently and positively associated with atheromatosis [OR 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.74; P = 0.03]. Similarly, total and medium LDL particles (LDL-Ps) showed a positive association (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.00–1.68; P = 0.05 and OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.04–1.75; P = 0.03, respectively). TG-loaded medium LDL-Ps were higher in CKD patients compared with controls and showed an adjusted OR of 1.40 (95% CI 1.09–1.82; P = 0.01) in non-diabetic patients (CKD and non-CKD individuals). In contrast, non-diabetic CKD patients showed a similar coefficient but the significance was lost (OR 1.2; 95% CI 0.8–1.7; P = 0.359). Conclusions Non-diabetic CKD patients showed a higher amount of TG-loaded medium LDL-Ps compared with controls. These particles were independently associated with atheromatosis in non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (REDINREN del ISCIII), IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Hector Perpiñan
- Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eva Castro
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (REDINREN del ISCIII), IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Fernandez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (REDINREN del ISCIII), IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose M Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (REDINREN del ISCIII), IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
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Rojo-López MI, Castelblanco E, Real J, Hernández M, Falguera M, Amigó N, Julve J, Alonso N, Franch-Nadal J, Granado-Casas M, Mauricio D. Advanced Quantitative Lipoprotein Characteristics Do Not Relate to Healthy Dietary Patterns in Adults from a Mediterranean Area. Nutrients 2021; 13:4369. [PMID: 34959921 PMCID: PMC8706087 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the potential relationship between dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet and healthy eating) and the advanced lipoprotein profile (ALP) in a representative cohort of the Mediterranean population. Thus, ALP data from 1142 participants, including 222 with type 1 (19.4%) and 252 type 2 diabetes (22.1%), and 668 subjects without diabetes were used to study cross-sectional associations between quantitative characteristics of lipoproteins and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED) and the alternate healthy eating index (aHEI) were calculated. The ALP was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. Participants in the third tertile of the aMED showed higher levels of low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (LDL-TG) (mean (SD) 17.5 (5.0); p = 0.037), large high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL-P) (0.3 (0.1); p = 0.037), and medium low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL-P) (434.0 (143.0); p = 0.037). In comparison with participants in the second and first tertiles of the aHEI, participants in the third tertile had higher levels of LDL-TG (17.7 (5.0); p = 0.010), and large HDL-P (0.3 (0.1); p = 0.002), IDL-C (11.8 (5.0); p = 0.001), intermediate-density lipoprotein triglycerides (IDL-TG) (13.2 (4.2); p < 0.001), LDL-TG (17.7(5.0); p = 0.010), high-density lipoprotein triglycerides (HDL-TG) (14.5 (4.4); p = 0.029,) large HDL-P (0.3 (0.1); p = 0.002) and very-low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL-P) size (42.1 (0.2); p = 0.011). The adjusted-multivariable analysis for potential confounding variables did not show any association between the lipoproteins and dietary patterns (i.e., aMED and aHEI). In conclusion, none of the quantitative characteristics of lipoproteins were concomitantly associated with the extent of adherence to the Mediterranean diet measured using the aMED or aHEI scores in the studied population. Our findings also revealed that people with the highest adherence were older, had a higher body mass index (BMI) and more frequently had dyslipidemia, hypertension, or diabetes than those with the lowest adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MDiet). Thus, further research may be needed to assess the potential role of the dietary pattern on the ALP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Idalia Rojo-López
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (J.J.)
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Jordi Real
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (N.A.); (N.A.); (J.F.-N.)
- DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Mireia Falguera
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Primary Health Care Centre Cervera, Gerència d’Atenció Primaria, Institut Català de la Salut, 25200 Lleida, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (N.A.); (N.A.); (J.F.-N.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat RoviraiVirgili, IISPV, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Biosfer Teslab, SL., 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (J.J.)
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (N.A.); (N.A.); (J.F.-N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (N.A.); (N.A.); (J.F.-N.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (N.A.); (N.A.); (J.F.-N.)
- DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Primary Health Care Centre Raval Sud, Gerència d’Atenció Primaria Barcelona, InstitutCatalà de la Salut, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Minerva Granado-Casas
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (J.J.)
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (N.A.); (N.A.); (J.F.-N.)
- DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (J.J.)
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (N.A.); (N.A.); (J.F.-N.)
- DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic (UVIC/UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
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Castelblanco E, Hernández M, Ortega E, Amigó N, Real J, Granado-Casas M, Miñambres I, López C, Lecube A, Bermúdez-López M, Alonso N, Julve J, Mauricio D. Outstanding improvement of the advanced lipoprotein profile in subjects with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus after achieving optimal glycemic control. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 182:109145. [PMID: 34785302 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The impact of glycemic optimization on lipoprotein subfraction parameters in apparently normolipidemic subjects with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) was examined. METHODS We evaluated the serum lipid and advanced lipoprotein profiles in twenty subjects at onset of T1D and twenty non-diabetic controls by laboratory methods and 1H NMR spectroscopy shortly after diabetes diagnosis (baseline), and after achieving optimal glycemic control (HbA1c ≤ 7.0%). RESULTS Advanced lipoprotein analysis revealed a significant reduction from baseline in serum concentrations of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (C), and apolipoprotein (Apo)B-containing lipoproteins of treated subjects (VLDL-TG: -21%, IDL-TG: -30%, LDL-TG: -34%, LDL-TG: -36%, P < 0.05; VLDL-C: -23%, IDL-C: -44%, LDL-C: -16%; p < 0.05). Decreased VLDL and LDL lipids were mainly attributed to concomitant reductions in the concentration of medium-sized VLDL (-36%) and medium-sized LDL (-31%) and, to a lesser extent, to large-sized LDL (-14%). Notably, proatherogenic IDL characteristics and related surrogates of atherogenicity were resolved upon achievement of optimal glycemic status. Moreover, the concentration of HDL-TG was also reduced (-18%) at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that the achievement of optimal glycemic control after T1D onset corrected hidden derangements in ApoB-containing lipoproteins (particularly IDL) and HDL-TG that are related to higher cardiovascular risk in poorly controlled T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova & Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Emilio Ortega
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28028 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab, SL, Reus, Spain; Metabolomics Platform, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Pere Virigili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Real
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28022 Madrid, Spain
| | - Minerva Granado-Casas
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova & Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28022 Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inka Miñambres
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28022 Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina López
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova & Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Albert Lecube
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova & Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28022 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcelino Bermúdez-López
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida and RedinRen RETIC, ISCIII, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28022 Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28022 Madrid, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28022 Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic (UVIC/UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain.
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31
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Arrobas Velilla T, Bonet Estruch E, Roa Garrido J, Romero Jiménez M, Varo Sánchez GM, Vázquez Rico I. Incorporation of biochemical parameters and diagnostic algorithms in the laboratory computer system for the early detection of lipid abnormalities from the lipid units. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2021; 33:273-281. [PMID: 33820672 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The combination of biochemical markers, together with the design and implementation of diagnostic algorithms in laboratory computer systems could become very powerful tools in the stratification of cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVES To implement new biochemical markers and diagnostic algorithms not yet available, in order to provide an estimation of cardiovascular risk and the diagnostic orientation of lipid alterations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study of the implementation of apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein (a), as well as the inclusion of different diagnostic algorithms. This was carried out jointly by the different Lipid Units of the Spanish Society of Atherosclerosis, Hospital Virgen Macarena in Seville, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Hospital Infanta Elena, and Hospital de Río Tinto during 2018 and 2019. RESULTS The 4diagnostic algorithms entered into the Laboratory Information System, showed a total of 9,985 patients with c-LDL>200mg/dl. The diagnostic algorithm was extended to include Apo B, with 8,182 determinations showing an apolipoprotein B>100mg/dl). A total of 747 lipoprotein (a) were determined, of which 30.65% were> 50mg/dl. More than 2/3 (71.80%) showed results compatible with small and dense LDL particles. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of new analytical parameters and algorithms in Primary Care laboratory results can identify a considerable number of patients with different alterations in lipid metabolism. This, together with the classic risk factors, could contribute to a correct risk stratification in preventing the progression of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Arrobas Velilla
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Unidad de Lípidos, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España.
| | - Elena Bonet Estruch
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Unidad de Lípidos, Hospital Infanta Elena, Huelva, España
| | - Jessica Roa Garrido
- Servicio de Cardiología, Unidad de Lípidos, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, España
| | - Manuel Romero Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Unidad de Lípidos, Hospital Infanta Elena, Huelva, España
| | | | - Ignacio Vázquez Rico
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Unidad de Lípidos, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, España
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Ma S, Xia M, Gao X. Biomarker Discovery in Atherosclerotic Diseases Using Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:681444. [PMID: 34395555 PMCID: PMC8356911 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.681444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great progress in the management of atherosclerosis (AS), its subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This is probably due to insufficient risk detection using routine lipid testing; thus, there is a need for more effective approaches relying on new biomarkers. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) metabolomics is able to phenotype holistic metabolic changes, with a unique advantage in regard to quantifying lipid-protein complexes. The rapidly increasing literature has indicated that qNMR-based lipoprotein particle number, particle size, lipid components, and some molecular metabolites can provide deeper insight into atherogenic diseases and could serve as novel promising determinants. Therefore, this article aims to offer an updated review of the qNMR biomarkers of AS and CVD found in epidemiological studies, with a special emphasis on lipoprotein-related parameters. As more researches are performed, we can envision more qNMR metabolite biomarkers being successfully translated into daily clinical practice to enhance the prevention, detection and intervention of atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
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O’Brien ST, Neylon OM, O’Brien T. Dyslipidaemia in Type 1 Diabetes: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070826. [PMID: 34356890 PMCID: PMC8301346 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). The molecular basis for atherosclerosis in T1D is heavily influenced by hyperglycaemia and its atherogenic effects on LDL. Ongoing research into the distinct pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in T1D offers exciting opportunities for novel approaches to calculate CVD risk in patients with T1D and to manage this risk appropriately. Currently, despite the increased risk of CVD in the T1D population, there are few tools available for estimating the risk of CVD in younger patients. This poses significant challenges for clinicians in selecting which patients might benefit from lipid-lowering therapies over the long term. The current best practice guidance for the management of dyslipidaemia in T1D is generally based on evidence from patients with T2D and the opinion of experts in the field. In this review article, we explore the unique pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in T1D, with a specific focus on hyperglycaemia-induced damage and atherogenic LDL modifications. We also discuss the current clinical situation of managing these patients across paediatric and adult populations, focusing on the difficulties posed by a lack of strong evidence and various barriers to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. O’Brien
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Limerick, V94 F858 Limerick, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Orla M. Neylon
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Limerick, V94 F858 Limerick, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Timothy O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Duran MJ, Kannampuzha-Francis J, Nydam D, Behling-Kelly E. Characterization of Particle Size Distribution of Plasma Lipoproteins in Dairy Cattle Using High-Resolution Polyacrylamide Electrophoresis. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.678085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma lipoproteins play critical roles in energy metabolism and inflammation. Concentrations of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are linked to reproductive outcomes and milk yields in dairy cattle. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which are enzymatically formed in the blood from very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) following secretion by the liver, have been used as a surrogate marker of liver function due to the rapid influx of circulating VLDL into the lactating mammary gland. In humans, the composition of plasma lipoproteins is reflected in lipoprotein particle size distribution, and both of these parameters are highly predictive of disease development and related health outcomes. Bovine HDL are overall larger, less dense particles compared to human HDL. Lipoprotein particle size distribution in both health and disease is understudied in the bovine. We hypothesize that a more detailed analysis of lipoproteins could hold diagnostic and/or prognostic value in the study of dairy cattle health and production. In this study, we took the first steps in this characterization and used a high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic assay to better define LDL and HDL at the subfraction level in Holstein cows at different stages of lactation. We extensively characterized the lipoprotein particle size distribution in healthy lactating dairy cattle. We identified subfractions of LDL that were prominent only in the dry period and subfractions of HDL that were highest in cows during mid-lactation. Use of this method could be informative in the study of multiple herds and management strategies, including longitudinal evaluation of animals and production parameters.
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Viktorinova A, Malickova D, Svitekova K, Choudhury S, Krizko M. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-apolipoprotein B ratio as a potential indicator of LDL particle size and plasma atherogenicity in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 176:108858. [PMID: 34015391 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Atherogenic dyslipidemia, associated with small, dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (S-LDL) particles and impaired metabolism of triglycerides (TGs) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), leads to the development of atherosclerosis-related complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on the hypothesis that an LDL-c-to-apolipoprotein B ratio (LDL/ApoB) < 1.2 may predict the prevalence of S-LDL, this study aimed to evaluate the LDL/ApoB ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes with moderately elevated TG levels. METHODS The study population consisted of 121 outpatients with type 2 diabetes (S-LDL group, LDL/ApoB < 1.2, n = 79; L-LDL group, LDL/ApoB > 1.2, n = 42) and 58 healthy subjects. The LDL/ApoB ratio was calculated from the measured LDL-c and ApoB levels in participants with TG levels lower than 4.5 mmol/L. Since TGs and HDL-c are included in the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), we evaluated the relationship between LDL/ApoB and the AIP. RESULTS Higher levels of AIP, TG (both P < 0.0001), and lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) (P < 0.001) and lower levels of HDL-c, total cholesterol, and non-HDL-c (P < 0.001, <0.01, <0.05, respectively) were found in the S-LDL group compared to the L-LDL group. There were significant relationships between the LDL/ApoB ratio and the AIP, TG (both P < 0.0001), LOOH (P < 0.0005), and HDL-c levels (P < 0.05) in the S-LDL group. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of S-LDL particles (65%) and the close association of LDL/ApoB with the AIP suggest that this ratio may be a potential indicator of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Viktorinova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Danica Malickova
- University Hospital - St. Michael's Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klara Svitekova
- National Blood Transfusion Service of Slovak Republic, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sawkat Choudhury
- National Blood Transfusion Service of Slovak Republic, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Krizko
- University Hospital - St. Michael's Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
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37
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Assessment of endogenous fibrinolysis in clinical practice using novel tests: ready for clinical roll-out? SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe occurrence of thrombotic complications, which can result in excess mortality and morbidity, represent an imbalance between the pro-thrombotic and fibrinolytic equilibrium. The mainstay treatment of these complications involves the use of antithrombotic agents but despite advances in pharmacotherapy, there remains a significant proportion of patients who continue to remain at risk. Endogenous fibrinolysis is a physiological counter-measure against lasting thrombosis and may be measured using several techniques to identify higher risk patients who may benefit from more aggressive pharmacotherapy. However, the assessment of the fibrinolytic system is not yet accepted into routine clinical practice. In this review, we will revisit the different methods of assessing endogenous fibrinolysis (factorial assays, turbidimetric lysis assays, viscoelastic and the global thrombosis tests), including the strengths, limitations, correlation to clinical outcomes of each method and how we might integrate the assessment of endogenous fibrinolysis into clinical practice in the future.
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Pallarés-Carratalá V, Quesada JA, Orozco-Beltrán D, Amigó-Grau N, Lopez-Pineda A, Fernández Giménez A, Gil-Guillén VF, Correig X, Masana L, Monleón D, Redón J, Pascual R, Carratalá-Munuera C. Analysis of LDL and HDL size and number by nuclear magnetic resonance in a healthy working population: The LipoLab Study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13610. [PMID: 32648987 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Atherosclerosis is the underlying process in cardiovascular disease (CVD), the first cause of death in developed countries. We aimed to identify people with no known CVD and normal values of LDL-C and HDL-C, but with alterations in the number and size of lipoprotein particles (as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]) and to analyse their sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics. METHODS Cross-sectional study in occupational risks prevention centre in Castellón (Spain) in 2017 and 2018, in consecutively recruited adults (18-65 years) with no known CVD. Sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical variables were collected. Lipid profiles were analysed (Liposcale test), along with the concentration, size and number of the main types of lipoprotein particles, determined by 2D diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. Using contingency tables, we analysed the characteristics of people with normal LDL and HDL cholesterol but abnormal levels of LDL and HDL particles. The magnitude of association between explanatory variables and abnormal levels of each kind of lipoprotein was assessed with multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Of the 400 total participants (31.3% women; age 46.4 ± 4.3 years), 169 had normal LDL and HDL cholesterol. Abnormal lipoprotein particle values depended on the subtype: prevalence of abnormal LDL levels ranged from 8.3% to 36.7%; and of HDL, from 28.4% to 42.6%. High systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol were significantly associated with abnormal LDL levels. Male sex and high systolic blood pressure were associated with abnormalities in HDL. CONCLUSIONS An extended lipids profile, obtained by NMR, enables the identification of people with normal HDL-C and LDL-C levels who present abnormal levels of LDL-P and/or HDL-P. Higher total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, BMI and male sex were significantly associated with these abnormal values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Pallarés-Carratalá
- Health Surveillance Unit, Castellón Mutual Insurance Union, Castellon, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University, Castellón, Spain
| | - Jose A Quesada
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Domingo Orozco-Beltrán
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Nuria Amigó-Grau
- Biosfer Teslab, Reus, SL, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Lopez-Pineda
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Vicente F Gil-Guillén
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Research Unit General University Hospital of Elda, Elda, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus-Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis Masana
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of research in lipids and arteriosclerosis (URLA), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Daniel Monleón
- Department of Pathology, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep Redón
- INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Reyes Pascual
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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Khandouzi N, Zahedmehr A, Nasrollahzadeh J. Effect of polyphenol-rich extra-virgin olive oil on lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in patients undergoing coronary angiography: a randomised, controlled, clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:548-558. [PMID: 33121297 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1841123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to compare the effects of high polyphenol extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) with low polyphenol refined olive oil (ROO) on some cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing coronary angiography. In a randomised, controlled, parallel-arm, clinical trial, 40 patients with at least one classic cardiovascular risk factor who referred to coronary angiography were randomly allocated to two groups and receied 25 mL EVOO or ROO daily for 6 weeks. Plasma LDL-cholesterol significantly reduced in EVOO group (-9.52 ± 20.44 vs 8.68 ± 18.77 mg/dL, p = .007 for EVOO and ROO respectively). EVOO resulted in a significant reduction in plasma CRP (-0.40 ± 0.52 vs 0.007 ± 0.42 mg/L, p = .01 for EVOO and ROO respectively) and increased ex-vivo whole blood LPS-stimulated IL-10 production (12.13 ± 33.64 vs -17.47 ± 49.04 pg/mL, p = .035 for EVOO and ROO respectively). Daily consumption of polyphenol-rich EVOO in subjects who have been under medical treatment with risk-reducing agents could additionally improve LDL-C and selected inflammatory markers. Trial Registration Number: NCT03796780.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Khandouzi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zahedmehr
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Consensus document of an expert group from the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis (SEA) on the clinical use of nuclear magnetic resonance to assess lipoprotein metabolism (Liposcale®). CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2020; 32:219-229. [PMID: 32798078 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The assessment and prevention of cardiovascular risk (CVR) that persists in patients with dyslipidaemia despite treatment and achievement of goals specific to the plasma concentration of cholesterol linked to low density (c-LDL) is a clinical challenge today, and suggests that conventional lipid biomarkers are insufficient for an accurate assessment of CVR. Apart from their lipid content, there are other lipid particle characteristics. The results of this study show that there are a number of lipoprotein compounds that determine atherogenic potential and its influence on the CVR. However, such additional characteristics cannot be analysed by the techniques commonly used in clinical laboratories. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a technique that allows a detailed analysis to be made of the amount, composition, and size of lipoproteins, as well as providing more information about the detailed status of lipid metabolism and CVR in dyslipidaemia patients. In this article a group of lipidologists from the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis review the existing evidence on the atherogenic mechanisms of particles and describe the technical basis and interpretation of the profiles lipoproteins obtained by MRI, with special reference to the test available in Spain (Liposcale®). Likewise, the main patient profiles are defined as such that an analysis would provide information of greater clinical interest. These include: a) Suspected mismatch between lipid concentrations and particles, a common situation in diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome; b) Early atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (ECVA) or recurrent without CVR factors to justify it; c) Lipid disorders, rare or complex, such as extreme concentrations of c-HDL, and d) Clinical situations where classical analytical techniques cannot be applied, such as very low c-LDL values.
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Amor AJ, Castelblanco E, Hernández M, Gimenez M, Granado-Casas M, Blanco J, Soldevila B, Esmatjes E, Conget I, Alonso N, Ortega E, Mauricio D. Advanced lipoprotein profile disturbances in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a focus on LDL particles. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:126. [PMID: 32772924 PMCID: PMC7416413 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein disturbances have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We assessed the advanced lipoprotein profile in T1DM individuals, and analysed differences with non-diabetic counterparts. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 508 adults with T1DM and 347 controls, recruited from institutions in a Mediterranean region of Spain. Conventional and advanced (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] spectroscopy) lipoprotein profiles were analysed. Crude and adjusted (by age, sex, statin use, body mass index and leukocyte count) comparisons were performed. Results The median (interquartile range) age of the study participants was 45 (38–53) years, 48.2% were men. In the T1DM group, the median diabetes duration was 23 (16–31) years, and 8.1% and 40.2% of individuals had nephropathy and retinopathy, respectively. The proportion of participants with hypertension (29.5 vs. 9.2%), and statin use (45.7% vs. 8.1%) was higher in the T1DM vs. controls (p < 0.001). The T1DM group had a better conventional (all parameters, p < 0.001) and NMR-lipid profile than the control group. Thus, T1DM individuals showed lower concentrations of atherogenic lipoproteins (VLDL-particles and LDL-particles) and higher concentrations of anti-atherogenic lipoproteins (HDL-particles) vs. controls, even after adjusting for several confounders (p < 0.001 for all). While non-diabetic women had a more favourable lipid profile than non-diabetic men, women with T1DM had a similar concentration of LDL-particles compared to men with T1DM (1231 [1125–1383] vs. 1257 [1128–1383] nmol/L, p = 0.849), and a similar concentration of small-LDL-particles to non-diabetic women (672.8 [614.2–733.9] vs. 671.2 [593.5–761.4] nmol/L, respectively; p = 0.790). Finally, T1DM individuals showed higher discrepancies between NMR-LDL-particles and conventional LDL-cholesterol than non-diabetic subjects (prevalence of LDL-cholesterol < 100 mg/dL & LDL-particles > 1000 nmol/L: 38 vs. 21.2%; p < 0.001). All these differences were largely unchanged in participants without lipid-lowering drugs (T1DM, n = 275; controls, n = 317). Conclusions Overall, T1DM participants showed a more favourable conventional and NMR-lipid profile than controls. However, the NMR-assessment identified several lipoprotein derangements in LDL-particles among the T1DM population (higher discrepancies in NMR-LDL-particles vs. conventional LDL-cholesterol; a worse profile in T1DM women) that were overlooked in the conventional analysis. Further studies are needed to elucidate their role in the development of CVD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Amor
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.,DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08006, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova & Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Marga Gimenez
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Minerva Granado-Casas
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.,DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08006, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida & University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jesús Blanco
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Soldevila
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute & University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Enric Esmatjes
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Conget
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute & University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ortega
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Research on Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida & University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
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Singh H, Thakur S, Sahajpal NS, Singh H, Singh A, Sohal HS, Jain SK. Recent Advances in the Novel Formulation of Docosahexaenoic Acid for Effective Delivery, Associated Challenges and Its Clinical Importance. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:483-504. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200512103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an essential polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid, and a fundamental structural component of the phospholipid membranes, especially of neural and retinal cells. DHA is found to be critical for the normal development and functioning of neurons and synaptogenesis in the brain, and is required during pre- and post-natal stages of life. DHA has also been observed to exhibit neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, geographical dietary variations and poor economic conditions lead to insufficient DHA levels resulting in various health deficits like improper brain development, cognitive disorders, and other clinical complications. Thus, to prevent its deficiency-induced derangements, several authorities recommend DHA as a supplement during pregnancy, infancy, and throughout adulthood. In past decades, the soft gelatin capsule was only feasible resolute of DHA, but due to their limitations and invention of new technologies; it led to the development of new dosage forms with improved physicochemical characteristics of DHA. This article will discuss in detail about the role of DHA in brain development, microalgae oil as an emerging source of DHA, clinical- and pharmacological-activities of DHA, issues related to DHA oil, current formulation of DHA along with their application, limitations, and strategies used for improvement and future prospectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Nikhil Shri Sahajpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Harjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Amrinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Harminder Singh Sohal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
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Geiker NRW, Mølgaard C, Iuliano S, Rizzoli R, Manios Y, van Loon LJC, Lecerf JM, Moschonis G, Reginster JY, Givens I, Astrup A. Impact of whole dairy matrix on musculoskeletal health and aging-current knowledge and research gaps. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:601-615. [PMID: 31728607 PMCID: PMC7075832 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dairy products are included in dietary guidelines worldwide, as milk, yoghurt, and cheese are good sources of calcium and protein, vital nutrients for bones and muscle mass maintenance. Bone growth and mineralization occur during infancy and childhood, peak bone mass being attained after early adulthood. A low peak bone mass has consequences later in life, including increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Currently, more than 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, with approximately 9 million fractures yearly. This poses a tremendous economic burden on health care. Between 5% and 10% of the elderly suffer from sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and strength, further increasing the risk of fractures due to falls. Evidence from interventional and observational studies support that fermented dairy products in particular exert beneficial effects on bone growth and mineralization, attenuation of bone loss, and reduce fracture risk. The effect cannot be explained by single nutrients in dairy, which suggests that a combined or matrix effect may be responsible similar to the matrix effects of foods on cardiometabolic health. Recently, several plant-based beverages and products have become available and marketed as substitutes for dairy products, even though their nutrient content differs substantially from dairy. Some of these products have been fortified, in efforts to mimic the nutritional profile of milk, but it is unknown whether the additives have the same bioavailability and beneficial effect as dairy. We conclude that the dairy matrix exerts an effect on bone and muscle health that is more than the sum of its nutrients, and we suggest that whole foods, not only single nutrients, need to be assessed in future observational and intervention studies of health outcomes. Furthermore, the importance of the matrix effect on health outcomes argues in favor of making future dietary guidelines food based.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R W Geiker
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - C Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - S Iuliano
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - L J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J-M Lecerf
- Department of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - G Moschonis
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J-Y Reginster
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - I Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Fernández-Cidón B, Candás-Estébanez B, Ribalta J, Rock E, Guardiola-Guionnet M, Amigó N, Padró-Miquel A, Alía-Ramos P, Pintó-Sala X. Precipitated sdLDL: An easy method to estimate LDL particle size. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23282. [PMID: 32198796 PMCID: PMC7370712 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LDL‐C lowering is the main measure in cardiovascular disease prevention but a residual risk of ischemic events still remains. Alterations of lipoproteins, specially, increase in small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles are related to this risk. Objective To investigate the potential use of sdLDL cholesterol concentration (sdLDL‐C) isolated by an easy precipitation method and to assess the impact of a set of clinical and biochemical variables determined by NMR on sdLDL concentration. Methods sdLDL‐C and NMR lipid profile were performed in 85 men samples. Association among them was evaluated using Pearson coefficients (rxy). A multivariate regression was performed to identify the influence of NMR variables on sdLDL‐C. Results A strong association between sdLDL‐C and LDLLDL‐P (rxy = 0.687) and with LDL‐Z (rxy = −0.603) was found. The multivariate regression explained a 56.8% in sdLDL‐C variation (P = 8.77.10‐12). BMI, ApoB, triglycerides, FFA, and LDL‐Z showed a significant contribution. The most important ones were ApoB and LDL‐Z; a 1nm increase (LDL‐Z) leads to decrease 126 nmol/L in sdLDL‐C. Conclusion The association between sdLDL‐C, LDL‐Z, and LDL‐P is clear. From a large number of variables, especially LDL‐Z and apoB influence on sdLDL‐C. Results show that the smaller the LDL size, the higher their cholesterol concentration. Therefore, sdLDL‐C determination by using this easy method would be useful to risk stratification and to uncover cardiovascular residual risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Fernández-Cidón
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Ribalta
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Edmond Rock
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Paris, France
| | | | - Núria Amigó
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Alía-Ramos
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó-Sala
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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45
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Rancourt-Bouchard M, Gigleux I, Guay V, Charest A, Saint-Gelais D, Vuillemard JC, Lamarche B, Couture P. Effects of regular-fat and low-fat dairy consumption on daytime ambulatory blood pressure and other cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled feeding trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:42-51. [PMID: 31584063 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent to which dairy products and their fat content influence cardiovascular health remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess how consumption of low-fat milk and regular-fat cheese enriched in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) influences daytime ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and other cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS In this crossover controlled feeding study, 55 healthy men and women with high-normal daytime BP were randomly assigned to sequences of three 6-wk isoenergetic diets, each comprising 1) no dairy (control diet), 2) 3 daily servings of 1% fat milk, and 3) 1 daily serving of 31% fat cheddar cheese naturally enriched in GABA. Total proteins, carbohydrates, and fats were matched across all 3 diets. The additional 2% of energy from SFAs in the cheese diet was replaced by n-6 PUFAs in the other diets. RESULTS Comparison of postdiet ambulatory systolic BP revealed no difference (P = 0.34), which was also the case for ambulatory diastolic BP (P = 0.45). The cheese diet increased serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared with the control and milk diets (+5.8%, P = 0.006 and +7.0%, P = 0.0008, respectively) and increased LDL particle size compared with the milk diet (P = 0.02). HDL-cholesterol concentrations after the milk diet were lower than after the control diet (-4.1%; P = 0.009). The milk and cheese diets increased triglycerides compared with the control diet (+9.9%, P = 0.01 and +10.5%, P = 0.007, respectively). There was no significant difference between all diets for C-reactive protein concentrations and markers of glucose/insulin homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that short-term consumption of dairy products, whether low or regular in fat, has no overall effect on daytime ambulatory BP compared with a dairy-free diet. Other cardiometabolic risk factors may be differently modified according to the fat content of the dairy product. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02763930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryka Rancourt-Bouchard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iris Gigleux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Guay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amélie Charest
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Saint-Gelais
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Short-term treatment with high dose liraglutide improves lipid and lipoprotein profile and changes hormonal mediators of lipid metabolism in obese patients with no overt type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over, double-blind clinical trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:141. [PMID: 31672146 PMCID: PMC6823961 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term treatment with up to 1.8 mg liraglutide improves cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is currently under investigation in subjects without diabetes. Aim of our study was to investigate whether high dose (3 mg) short-term (5 weeks) treatment with liraglutide in obese patients with no overt type 2 diabetes affects metabolites, lipid and lipoprotein profile and components of activin-follistatin axis in cardiovascular beneficial or detrimental way. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty obese patients participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over, double-blind study and were administrated liraglutide 3 mg or placebo for 5 weeks. Metabolites, fatty acids, lipid-lipoprotein profile and concentrations of activins and follistatins (250 parameters) were assessed in serum at start and completion of each treatment. RESULTS Concentrations of important cardiovascular markers such as total, free and remnant cholesterol were reduced with liraglutide before and after adjusting for weight loss. Similarly, reductions in number of small and medium size LDL particles and in their total lipid concentration were observed with liraglutide and partially weight-loss related. Tyrosine levels were reduced and behenic acid levels were increased whereas only minor changes were observed in HDL, VLDL and IDL. Concentrations of activin AB and follistatin were significantly reduced in liraglutide-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of obese patients without overt type 2 diabetes with high dose of liraglutide for a short period of time induces changes in lipid-lipoprotein and hormonal profile that are suggestive of lower risk of atherosclerosis and CVD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02944500. Study ID Number 2015P000327. Registered November 2016.
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Astrup A, Bertram HC, Bonjour JP, de Groot LC, de Oliveira Otto MC, Feeney EL, Garg ML, Givens I, Kok FJ, Krauss RM, Lamarche B, Lecerf JM, Legrand P, McKinley M, Micha R, Michalski MC, Mozaffarian D, Soedamah-Muthu SS. WHO draft guidelines on dietary saturated and trans fatty acids: time for a new approach? BMJ 2019; 366:l4137. [PMID: 31270106 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lisette Cp de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Netherlands
| | | | - Emma L Feeney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Manohar L Garg
- Nutraceutricals Research Programme, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, UK
| | - Frans J Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Netherlands
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- INRA, INSERM, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN laboratory, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Oullins, France
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Netherlands
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