1
|
Bautista CJ, Reyes-Castro LA, Lomas-Soria C, Ibáñez CA, Zambrano E. Late-in-life Exercise Ameliorates the Aging Trajectory Metabolism Programmed by Maternal Obesity in Rats: It is Never Too Late. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103002. [PMID: 38735235 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity (MO) has been shown to adversely affect metabolic, oxidative, reproductive, and cognitive function in offspring. However, it is unclear whether lifestyle modification can ameliorate the metabolic and organ dysfunction programmed by MO and prevent the effects of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate whether moderate voluntary exercise in the offspring of rats born to obese mothers can ameliorate the adverse effects of MO programming on metabolism and liver function in mid-adulthood. METHODS Offspring of control (CF1) and MOF1 mothers were fed with a control diet from weaning. Adult males and females participated in 15 min exercise sessions five days/week. Metabolic parameters were analyzed before and after the exercise intervention. Liver oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Males showed that CF1ex ran more than MOF1ex and increased the distance covered. In contrast, females in both groups ran similar distances and remained constant but ran more distance than males. At PND 300 and 450, male and female MOF1 had higher leptin, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels than CF1. However, male MOF1ex had lower triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels than MOF1. Improvements in liver fat and antioxidant enzymes were observed in CF1ex and MOF1ex males and females compared to their respective CF1 and MOF1 groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that moderate voluntary exercise, even when started in mid-adulthood, can improve metabolic outcomes and delay accelerated metabolic aging in MO-programmed rats in a sex-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia J Bautista
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Cátedras Investigador por México, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Ibáñez
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan X, Ma Y, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zheng W, Yang R, Zhang L, Yan X, Li G. The influence of maternal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain on the umbilical cord blood metabolome: a case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:297. [PMID: 38649888 PMCID: PMC11034091 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are frequently reported to be risk factors for obesity and other metabolic disorders in offspring. Cord blood metabolites provide information on fetal nutritional and metabolic health and could provide an early window of detection of potential health issues among newborns. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive GWG on cord blood metabolic profiles. METHODS A case control study including 33 pairs of mothers with prepregnancy overweight/obesity and their neonates, 30 pairs of mothers with excessive GWG and their neonates, and 32 control mother-neonate pairs. Untargeted metabolomic profiling of umbilical cord blood samples were performed using UHPLC‒MS/MS. RESULTS Forty-six metabolites exhibited a significant increase and 60 metabolites exhibited a significant reduction in umbilical cord blood from overweight and obese mothers compared with mothers with normal body weight. Steroid hormone biosynthesis and neuroactive ligand‒receptor interactions were the two top-ranking pathways enriched with these metabolites (P = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). Compared with mothers with normal GWG, in mothers with excessive GWG, the levels of 63 metabolites were increased and those of 46 metabolites were decreased in umbilical cord blood. Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was the most altered pathway enriched with these metabolites (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Prepregnancy overweight and obesity affected the fetal steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway, while excessive GWG affected fetal fatty acid metabolism. This emphasizes the importance of preconception weight loss and maintaining an appropriate GWG, which are beneficial for the long-term metabolic health of offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Yuan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yuru Ma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Ruihua Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Lirui Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mezo-González CE, García-Santillán JA, Kaeffer B, Gourdel M, Croyal M, Bolaños-Jiménez F. Adult rats sired by obese fathers present learning deficits associated with epigenetic and neurochemical alterations linked to impaired brain glutamatergic signaling. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14090. [PMID: 38230587 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM Offspring of obese mothers are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome and cognitive disabilities. Impaired metabolism has also been reported in the offspring of obese fathers. However, whether brain function can also be affected by paternal obesity has barely been examined. This study aimed to characterize the learning deficits resulting from paternal obesity versus those induced by maternal obesity and to identify the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Founder control and obese female and male Wistar rats were mated to constitute three first-generation (F1) experimental groups: control mother/control father, obese mother/control father, and obese father/control mother. All F1 animals were weaned onto standard chow and underwent a learning test at 4 months of age, after which several markers of glutamate-mediated synaptic plasticity together with the expression of miRNAs targeting glutamate receptors and the concentration of kynurenic and quinolinic acids were quantified in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. RESULTS Maternal obesity induced a severe learning deficit by impairing memory encoding and memory consolidation. The offspring of obese fathers also showed reduced memory encoding but not impaired long-term memory formation. Memory deficits in offspring of obese fathers and obese mothers were associated with a down-regulation of genes encoding NMDA glutamate receptors subunits and several learning-related genes along with impaired expression of miR-296 and miR-146b and increased concentration of kynurenic acid. CONCLUSION Paternal and maternal obesity impair offspring's learning abilities by affecting different processes of memory formation. These cognitive deficits are associated with epigenetic and neurochemical alterations leading to impaired glutamate-mediated synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bertrad Kaeffer
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Gourdel
- CRNH-O Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France
- CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, SFR Santé, INSERM UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- CRNH-O Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France
- CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, SFR Santé, INSERM UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kendig MD, Hasebe K, Tajaddini A, Kaakoush NO, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ. The Benefits of Switching to a Healthy Diet on Metabolic, Cognitive, and Gut Microbiome Parameters Are Preserved in Adult Rat Offspring of Mothers Fed a High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200318. [PMID: 36271770 PMCID: PMC10909468 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Maternal obesity increases the risk of health complications in children, highlighting the need for effective interventions. A rat model of maternal obesity to examine whether a diet switch intervention could reverse the adverse effects of an unhealthy postweaning diet is used. METHODS AND RESULTS Male and female offspring born to dams fed standard chow or a high-fat, high-sugar "cafeteria" (Caf) diet are weaned onto chow or Caf diets until 22 weeks of age, when Caf-fed groups are switched to chow for 5 weeks. Adiposity, gut microbiota composition, and place recognition memory are assessed before and after the switch. Body weight and adiposity fall in switched groups but remain significantly higher than chow-fed controls. Nonetheless, the diet switch improves a deficit in place recognition memory observed in Caf-fed groups, increases gut microbiota species richness, and alters β diversity. Modeling indicate that adiposity most strongly predicts gut microbiota composition before and after the switch. CONCLUSION Maternal obesity does not alter the effects of switching diet on metabolic, microbial, or cognitive measures. Thus, a healthy diet intervention lead to major shifts in body weight, adiposity, place recognition memory, and gut microbiota composition, with beneficial effects preserved in offspring born to obese dams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Kendig
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneyNSW2052Australia
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyNSW2007Australia
| | - Kyoko Hasebe
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Aynaz Tajaddini
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | | | | | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneyNSW2052Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Appetitive Motivation and Associated Neurobiology Change Differentially across the Life Course of Mouse Offspring Exposed to Peri- and Postnatal High Fat Feeding. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235161. [PMID: 36501191 PMCID: PMC9735866 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in neural pathways that regulate appetitive motivation may contribute to increased obesity risk in offspring born to mothers fed a high fat (HF) diet. However, current findings on the impact of maternal obesity on motivation in offspring are inconclusive, and there is no information about the long-lasting effects in aged animals. This study examined the longitudinal effect of perinatal and chronic postnatal HF intake on appetitive motivation in young and aged offspring. Female C57Bl/6 were fed either a control (C) or HF diet before mating through to lactation. At weaning, offspring were maintained on the C or HF diet, generating the following four diet groups: C/C, C/HF, HF/C, and HF/HF based on the pre/post weaning diet. At 6 months, motivation was higher in HF/C females, but lower in male and female C/HF and HF/HF mice. By 12 months, this difference was lost, as C-fed animals became less motivated, while motivation increased in HF-fed mice. The mRNA levels of dopamine receptor 1 and 2 increased with age, while cannabinoid receptor 1 and μ-opioid receptor expression remained stable or decreased in mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. Results from this study suggest that perinatal and chronic postnatal HF feeding produced opposite effects on appetitive motivation in young adult offspring mice, which was also reflected in the shift in motivation over time. These results have significant implications for patterns of hedonic eating across the life course and the relative risk of obesity at different time points.
Collapse
|
6
|
Comas-Armangue G, Makharadze L, Gomez-Velazquez M, Teperino R. The Legacy of Parental Obesity: Mechanisms of Non-Genetic Transmission and Reversibility. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102461. [PMID: 36289722 PMCID: PMC9599218 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While a dramatic increase in obesity and related comorbidities is being witnessed, the underlying mechanisms of their spread remain unresolved. Epigenetic and other non-genetic mechanisms tend to be prominent candidates involved in the establishment and transmission of obesity and associated metabolic disorders to offspring. Here, we review recent findings addressing those candidates, in the context of maternal and paternal influences, and discuss the effectiveness of preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Comas-Armangue
- German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lela Makharadze
- German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melisa Gomez-Velazquez
- German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.G.-V.); (R.T.)
| | - Raffaele Teperino
- German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.G.-V.); (R.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rodríguez-González GL, Vargas-Hernández L, Reyes-Castro LA, Ibáñez CA, Bautista CJ, Lomas-Soria C, Itani N, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Espejel-Nuñez A, Flores-Pliego A, Montoya-Estrada A, Reyes-Muñoz E, Taylor PD, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Resveratrol Supplementation in Obese Pregnant Rats Improves Maternal Metabolism and Prevents Increased Placental Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101871. [PMID: 36290594 PMCID: PMC9598144 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) causes maternal and fetal oxidative stress (OS) and metabolic dysfunction. We investigated whether supplementing obese mothers with resveratrol improves maternal metabolic alterations and reduces OS in the placenta and maternal and fetal liver. From weaning through pregnancy female Wistar rats ate chow (C) or a high-fat diet (MO). One month before mating until 19 days’ gestation (dG), half the rats received 20 mg resveratrol/kg/d orally (Cres and MOres). At 19dG, maternal body weight, retroperitoneal fat adipocyte size, metabolic parameters, and OS biomarkers in the placenta and liver were determined. MO mothers showed higher body weight, triglycerides and leptin serum concentrations, insulin resistance (IR), decreased small and increased large adipocytes, liver fat accumulation, and hepatic upregulation of genes related to IR and inflammatory processes. Placenta, maternal and fetal liver OS biomarkers were augmented in MO. MOres mothers showed more small and fewer large adipocytes, lower triglycerides serum concentrations, IR and liver fat accumulation, downregulation of genes related to IR and inflammatory processes, and lowered OS in mothers, placentas, and female fetal liver. Maternal resveratrol supplementation in obese rats improves maternal metabolism and reduces placental and liver OS of mothers and fetuses in a sex-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Lilia Vargas-Hernández
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, Mexico City 01090, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Reyes-Castro
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Ibáñez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia J. Bautista
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- CONACyT-Cátedras, Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Nozomi Itani
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London and King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Aurora Espejel-Nuñez
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Arturo Flores-Pliego
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Araceli Montoya-Estrada
- Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Enrique Reyes-Muñoz
- Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Paul D. Taylor
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London and King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Center for Pregnancy and Life Course Health Research, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5487-0900 (ext. 2417)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Neurobiological Mechanisms Modulating Emotionality, Cognition and Reward-Related Behaviour in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147952. [PMID: 35887310 PMCID: PMC9317076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective and substance-use disorders are associated with overweight and obesity-related complications, which are often due to the overconsumption of palatable food. Both high-fat diets (HFDs) and psychostimulant drugs modulate the neuro-circuitry regulating emotional processing and metabolic functions. However, it is not known how they interact at the behavioural level, and whether they lead to overlapping changes in neurobiological endpoints. In this literature review, we describe the impact of HFDs on emotionality, cognition, and reward-related behaviour in rodents. We also outline the effects of HFD on brain metabolism and plasticity involving mitochondria. Moreover, the possible overlap of the neurobiological mechanisms produced by HFDs and psychostimulants is discussed. Our in-depth analysis of published results revealed that HFDs have a clear impact on behaviour and underlying brain processes, which are largely dependent on the developmental period. However, apart from the studies investigating maternal exposure to HFDs, most of the published results involve only male rodents. Future research should also examine the biological impact of HFDs in female rodents. Further knowledge about the molecular mechanisms linking stress and obesity is a crucial requirement of translational research and using rodent models can significantly advance the important search for risk-related biomarkers and the development of clinical intervention strategies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fabianová K, Babeľová J, Fabian D, Popovičová A, Martončíková M, Raček A, Račeková E. Maternal High-Energy Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation Impairs Neurogenesis and Alters the Behavior of Adult Offspring in a Phenotype-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105564. [PMID: 35628378 PMCID: PMC9146615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the biggest and most costly health challenges the modern world encounters. Substantial evidence suggests that the risk of metabolic syndrome or obesity formation may be affected at a very early stage of development, in particular through fetal and/or neonatal overfeeding. Outcomes from epidemiological studies indicate that maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation has a profound impact on adult neurogenesis in the offspring. In the present study, an intergenerational dietary model employing overfeeding of experimental mice during prenatal and early postnatal development was applied to acquire mice with various body conditions. We investigated the impact of the maternal high-energy diet during pregnancy and lactation on adult neurogenesis in the olfactory neurogenic region involving the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and some behavioral tasks including memory, anxiety and nociception. Our findings show that a maternal high-energy diet administered during pregnancy and lactation modifies proliferation and differentiation, and induced degeneration of cells in the SVZ/RMS of offspring, but only in mice where extreme phenotype, such as significant overweight/adiposity or obesity is manifested. Thereafter, a maternal high-energy diet enhances anxiety-related behavior in offspring regardless of its body condition and impairs learning and memory in offspring with an extreme phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Fabianová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (A.P.); (M.M.); (A.R.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Janka Babeľová
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Dušan Fabian
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Alexandra Popovičová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (A.P.); (M.M.); (A.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Marcela Martončíková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (A.P.); (M.M.); (A.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Adam Raček
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (A.P.); (M.M.); (A.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Enikő Račeková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (A.P.); (M.M.); (A.R.); (E.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Demir EA, Gulbol-Duran G, Urhan-Kucuk M, Dogan H, Tutuk O, Cimen F, Bayirli M, Tumer C, Duran N. Behavioral and Cognitive Consequences of Obesity in Parents and Offspring in Female and Male Rats: Implications of Neuroinflammation and Neuromodulation. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3947-3968. [PMID: 35438432 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a rapidly growing public health concern that can create a family-wise burden. This study was aimed to investigate behavioral, cognitive, neuroinflammatory, and neuromodulatory consequences of the diet and parental obesity. Female and male Wistar albino rats were fed on either an obesogenic or standard diet for 12 weeks, beginning with weaning. Thereafter, the animals were matched and allowed to mate. Pups born to obese or normal parents received either the diet or standard chow to the same age. The obesogenic diet and/or parental obesity increased the locomotor activity in both females and males. The diet exhibited anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like properties, and impaired short-term object memory as well as spatial memory. Interestingly, the obesogenic diet resulted in neuroinflammation only in naïve animals, but not in the ones with parental obesity. BDNF, SIRT1, and p53 expressions were decreased, whereas RelN expression was increased in the brain with the diet, regardless of parental obesity. Multi-factor analyses demonstrated that the obesogenic diet is the prominent influencer of cognitive, neuroinflammatory, and neuromodulatory results while parental obesity has an effect on spatial memory, neuroinflammation, and hippocampal RelN and p53 expressions. Here, we provided supporting evidence for detrimental cognitive and neuroinflammatory consequences of early life consumption of the obesogenic diet which accompanies alterations in neuromodulatory factors. Surprisingly, the diet was found beneficial against anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, and additionally, parental obesity was demonstrated to impair some aspects of cognitive performance which appears unrelated to neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enver Ahmet Demir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey, 31040.
| | - Gulay Gulbol-Duran
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Meral Urhan-Kucuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Hatice Dogan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey, 31040
| | - Okan Tutuk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey, 31040
| | - Funda Cimen
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mucella Bayirli
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Cemil Tumer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey, 31040
| | - Nizami Duran
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Monteiro S, Nejad YS, Aucoin M. Perinatal diet and offspring anxiety: A scoping review. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:275-290. [PMID: 36128579 PMCID: PMC9449687 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Health behaviors during pregnancy have an impact on the developing offspring. Dietary factors play a role in the development of mental illness: however, less is known about the impact of diet factors during pre-conception, gestation, and lactation on anxiety levels in offspring. This scoping review sought to systematically map the available research involving human and animal subjects to identify nutritional interventions which may have a harmful or protective effect, as well as identify gaps. Studies investigating an association between any perinatal diet pattern or diet constituent and offspring anxiety were included. The number of studies reporting an association with increased or decreased levels of anxiety were counted and presented in figures. A total of 55,914 results were identified as part of a larger scoping review, and 120 articles met the criteria for inclusion. A greater intake of phytochemicals and vitamins were associated with decreased offspring anxiety whereas maternal caloric restriction, protein restriction, reduced omega-3 consumption, and exposure to a high fat diet were associated with higher levels of offspring anxiety. Results were limited by a very large proportion of animal studies. High quality intervention studies involving human subjects are warranted to elucidate the precise dietary factors or constituents that modulate the risk of anxiety in offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Monteiro
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave E, Toronto, ON, M2K 1E2, Canada
| | - Yousef Sadat Nejad
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave E, Toronto, ON, M2K 1E2, Canada
| | - Monique Aucoin
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave E, Toronto, ON, M2K 1E2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zambrano E, Rodríguez-González GL, Reyes-Castro LA, Bautista CJ, Castro-Rodríguez DC, Juárez-Pilares G, Ibáñez CA, Hernández-Rojas A, Nathanielsz PW, Montaño S, Arredondo A, Huang F, Bolaños-Jiménez F. DHA Supplementation of Obese Rats throughout Pregnancy and Lactation Modifies Milk Composition and Anxiety Behavior of Offspring. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124243. [PMID: 34959795 PMCID: PMC8706754 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated if supplementing obese mothers (MO) with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) improves milk long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) composition and offspring anxiety behavior. From weaning throughout pregnancy and lactation, female Wistar rats ate chow (C) or a high-fat diet (MO). One month before mating and through lactation, half the mothers received 400 mg DHA kg−1 d−1 orally (C+DHA or MO+DHA). Offspring ate C after weaning. Maternal weight, total body fat, milk hormones, and milk nutrient composition were determined. Pups’ milk nutrient intake was evaluated, and behavioral anxiety tests were conducted. MO exhibited increased weight and total fat, and higher milk corticosterone, leptin, linoleic, and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations, and less DHA content. MO male and female offspring had higher ω-6/ ω-3 milk consumption ratios. In the elevated plus maze, female but not male MO offspring exhibited more anxiety. MO+DHA mothers exhibited lower weight, total fat, milk leptin, and AA concentrations, and enhanced milk DHA. MO+DHA offspring had a lower ω-6/ω-3 milk intake ratio and reduced anxiety vs. MO. DHA content was greater in C+DHA milk vs. C. Supplementing MO mothers with DHA improves milk composition, especially LCPUFA content and ω-6/ω-3 ratio reducing offspring anxiety in a sex-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5487-0900 (ext. 2417)
| | - Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
| | - Luis A. Reyes-Castro
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
| | - Claudia J. Bautista
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
| | - Diana C. Castro-Rodríguez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
- CONACyT-Cátedras, Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gimena Juárez-Pilares
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
| | - Carlos A. Ibáñez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Rojas
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.L.R.-G.); (L.A.R.-C.); (C.J.B.); (D.C.C.-R.); (G.J.-P.); (C.A.I.); (A.H.-R.)
| | | | - Sara Montaño
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Armando Arredondo
- Center for Health Systems Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Bolaños-Jiménez
- INRAE, UMR1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université, 44096 Nantes, France;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kislal S, Jin W, Maesner C, Edlow AG. Mismatch between obesogenic intrauterine environment and low-fat postnatal diet may confer offspring metabolic advantage. Obes Sci Pract 2021; 7:450-461. [PMID: 34401203 PMCID: PMC8346367 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mismatch between a depleted intrauterine environment and a substrate-rich postnatal environment confers an increased risk of offspring obesity and metabolic syndrome. Maternal diet-induced obesity (MATOB) is associated with the same outcomes. These experiments tested the hypothesis that a mismatch between a nutrient-rich intrauterine environment and a low-fat postnatal environment would ameliorate offspring metabolic morbidity. METHODS C57BL6/J female mice were fed either a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) or a 10% fat control diet (CD) for 14-week pre-breeding and during pregnancy/lactation. Offspring were weaned to CD. Weight was evaluated weekly; body composition was determined using EchoMRI. Serum fasting lipids and glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. Metabolic rate, locomotor, and sleep behavior were evaluated with indirect calorimetry. RESULTS MATOB-exposed/CD-weaned offspring of both sexes had improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to controls. Males had improved fasting lipids. Females had significantly increased weight and body fat percentage in adulthood compared to sex-matched controls. Females also had significantly increased sleep duration and reduced locomotor activity compared to males. CONCLUSIONS Reduced-fat dietary switch following intrauterine and lactational exposure to MATOB was associated with improved glucose handling and lipid profiles in adult offspring, more pronounced in males. A mismatch between a high-fat prenatal and low-fat postnatal environment may confer a metabolic advantage. The amelioration of deleterious metabolic programming by strict offspring adherence to a low-fat diet may have translational potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sezen Kislal
- Vincent Center for Reproductive BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - William Jin
- Vincent Center for Reproductive BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Claire Maesner
- Vincent Center for Reproductive BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrea G. Edlow
- Vincent Center for Reproductive BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cavalcanti CCL, Da Silva Aragão R, Cadena-Burbano EV, Oliveira TRDP, Silva JM, Benjamim RDAC, Lago AB, Silva EHM, Costa TL, Manhães-De-Castro R. High-caloric or isocaloric maternal high-fat diets differently affect young-adult offspring behavior in anxiety-related tests and offspring sensitivity to acute fluoxetine. Behav Brain Res 2021; 403:113141. [PMID: 33508349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to evaluate the influence of two maternal high-fat diets with different caloric contents on anxiety-like behavior in young-adult offspring and their sensitivity to acute fluoxetine. METHODS females Wistar rats were used and divided according to diet received during gestation and lactation: Control (CTR), high-fat/isocaloric (HI) and high-fat/high-caloric (HH). Offspring were subsequently divided into three subgroups according to acute administration of vehicle or fluoxetine (1 or 10 mg/kg). To assess animals' anxiety-like behaviors, three tests were used: open field (OF), elevated plus-maze (EPM) and free-exploratory paradigm (FEP). RESULTS In OF, HI and HH showed increased hyperactivity- and anxiety-related behaviors, HI being more hyperactive than HH. In response to fluoxetine, HI offspring decreased number of quadrants entered, decreased number of central entries and spent less time in rearing in peripheral areas, while HH offspring showed less time spent in rearing in the OF peripheral area. In EPM test, HI pups spent more time in closed arms than the HH pups. Fluoxetine decreased number of open arms entries for HI offspring and increased percentage of time spent in central area for HH animals. Maternal diet did not influence FEP test, neither HI nor HH presented a response after fluoxetine acute administration. CONCLUSION Maternal high-fat diets influence offspring anxiety-like behavior in state-anxiety tests but not in trait-anxiety test. Responsiveness to acute fluoxetine depended on maternal diet, dose and which behavioral tests were being evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Da Silva Aragão
- Graduate Program of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil; Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Physical Education and Sport Science Nucleus Academic Center of Vitoria, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Jacqueline Maria Silva
- Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Amanda Braz Lago
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Thuani Lamenha Costa
- Physical Education and Sport Science Nucleus Academic Center of Vitoria, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
| | - Raul Manhães-De-Castro
- Graduate Program of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shook LL, Kislal S, Edlow AG. Fetal brain and placental programming in maternal obesity: A review of human and animal model studies. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40:1126-1137. [PMID: 32362000 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Both human epidemiologic and animal model studies demonstrate that prenatal and lactational exposure to maternal obesity and high-fat diet are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Neurodevelopmental outcomes described in offspring of obese women include cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and depression, disordered eating, and propensity for reward-driven behavior, among others. This review synthesizes human and animal data linking maternal obesity and high-fat diet consumption to abnormal fetal brain development, and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric morbidity in offspring. It highlights key mechanisms by which maternal obesity and maternal diet impact fetal and offspring development, and sex differences in offspring programming. In addition, we review placental effects of maternal obesity, and the role the placenta might play as an indicator vs mediator of fetal programming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia L Shook
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sezen Kislal
- Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Castro-Rodríguez DC, Rodríguez-González GL, Menjivar M, Zambrano E. Maternal interventions to prevent adverse fetal programming outcomes due to maternal malnutrition: Evidence in animal models. Placenta 2020; 102:49-54. [PMID: 33218579 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies indicate that suboptimal conditions during pregnancy adversely impact both maternal health and offspring phenotype, predisposing offspring to development of later-life diseases including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and behavioral and reproductive dysfunction. Effective interventions during pregnancy and/or lactation are needed to improve both maternal and offspring health. This review addresses the relationship between adverse perinatal insults and its negative impact on offspring development and presents some maternal intervention studies in animal models, such as maternal nutrition (diet modification, antioxidants, omega-3-6 (n-3-6), probiotics) or physical activity, which can prevent or alleviate negative outcomes in both mother and offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Castro-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico; CONACyT-Cátedras, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marta Menjivar
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad Académica de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wijenayake S, Rahman MF, Lum CMW, De Vega WC, Sasaki A, McGowan PO. Maternal high-fat diet induces sex-specific changes to glucocorticoid and inflammatory signaling in response to corticosterone and lipopolysaccharide challenge in adult rat offspring. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:116. [PMID: 32293490 PMCID: PMC7158103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity as a result of high levels of saturated fat (HFD) consumption leads to significant negative health outcomes in both mother and exposed offspring. Offspring exposed to maternal HFD show sex-specific alterations in metabolic, behavioral, and endocrine function, as well as increased levels of basal neuroinflammation that persists into adulthood. There is evidence that psychosocial stress or exogenous administration of corticosterone (CORT) potentiate inflammatory gene expression; however, the response to acute CORT or immune challenge in adult offspring exposed to maternal HFD during perinatal life is unknown. We hypothesize that adult rat offspring exposed to maternal HFD would show enhanced pro-inflammatory gene expression in response to acute administration of CORT and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared to control animals, as a result of elevated basal pro-inflammatory gene expression. To test this, we examined the effects of acute CORT and/or LPS exposure on pro and anti-inflammatory neural gene expression in adult offspring (male and female) with perinatal exposure to a HFD or a control house-chow diet (CHD). METHODS Rat dams consumed HFD or CHD for four weeks prior to mating, during gestation, and throughout lactation. All male and female offspring were weaned on to CHD. In adulthood, offspring were 'challenged' with administration of exogenous CORT and/or LPS, and quantitative PCR was used to measure transcript abundance of glucocorticoid receptors and downstream inflammatory markers in the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. RESULTS In response to CORT alone, male HFD offspring showed increased levels of anti-inflammatory transcripts, whereas in response to LPS alone, female HFD offspring showed increased levels of pro-inflammatory transcripts. In addition, male HFD offspring showed greater pro-inflammatory gene expression and female HFD offspring exhibited increased anti-inflammatory gene expression in response to simultaneous CORT and LPS administration. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that exposure to maternal HFD leads to sex-specific changes that may alter inflammatory responses in the brain, possibly as an adaptive response to basal neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanoji Wijenayake
- Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mouly F Rahman
- Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine M W Lum
- Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wilfred C De Vega
- Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aya Sasaki
- Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick O McGowan
- Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Promoting DOHaD in Latin America. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:105-107. [PMID: 31937388 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
19
|
Rodríguez‐González GL, Reyes‐Castro LA, Bautista CJ, Beltrán AA, Ibáñez CA, Vega CC, Lomas‐Soria C, Castro‐Rodríguez DC, Elías‐López AL, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Maternal obesity accelerates rat offspring metabolic ageing in a sex‐dependent manner. J Physiol 2019; 597:5549-5563. [DOI: 10.1113/jp278232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis A. Reyes‐Castro
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | - Claudia J. Bautista
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | - Azucena A. Beltrán
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Ibáñez
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | - Claudia C. Vega
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lomas‐Soria
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
- CONACyT‐Cátedras, Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | - Diana C. Castro‐Rodríguez
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
- CONACyT‐Cátedras, Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | | | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Center for Pregnancy and Life Course Health ResearchDepartment of Animal ScienceUniversity Wyoming Laramie WY USA
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Simitzis P, Kiriakopoulos A, Symeon G, Goliomytis M, Kominakis A, Bizelis I, Chadio S, Pagonopoulou O, Deligeorgis S. Effect of prenatal overfeeding on the growth performance and postweaning behavioral parameters in rabbits. J Vet Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
21
|
Bölte S, Girdler S, Marschik PB. The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1275-1297. [PMID: 30570672 PMCID: PMC6420889 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition of heterogeneous etiology. While it is widely recognized that genetic and environmental factors and their interactions contribute to autism phenotypes, their precise causal mechanisms remain poorly understood. This article reviews our current understanding of environmental risk factors of ASD and their presumed adverse physiological mechanisms. It comprehensively maps the significance of parental age, teratogenic compounds, perinatal risks, medication, smoking and alcohol use, nutrition, vaccination, toxic exposures, as well as the role of extreme psychosocial factors. Further, we consider the role of potential protective factors such as folate and fatty acid intake. Evidence indicates an increased offspring vulnerability to ASD through advanced maternal and paternal age, valproate intake, toxic chemical exposure, maternal diabetes, enhanced steroidogenic activity, immune activation, and possibly altered zinc-copper cycles and treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Epidemiological studies demonstrate no evidence for vaccination posing an autism risk. It is concluded that future research needs to consider categorical autism, broader autism phenotypes, as well as autistic traits, and examine more homogenous autism variants by subgroup stratification. Our understanding of autism etiology could be advanced by research aimed at disentangling the causal and non-causal environmental effects, both founding and moderating, and gene-environment interplay using twin studies, longitudinal and experimental designs. The specificity of many environmental risks for ASD remains unknown and control of multiple confounders has been limited. Further understanding of the critical windows of neurodevelopmental vulnerability and investigating the fit of multiple hit and cumulative risk models are likely promising approaches in enhancing the understanding of role of environmental factors in the etiology of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bölte
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Sonya Girdler
- Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter B Marschik
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- iDN-interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Menting MD, van de Beek C, Mintjens S, Wever KE, Korosi A, Ozanne SE, Limpens J, Roseboom TJ, Hooijmans C, Painter RC. The link between maternal obesity and offspring neurobehavior: A systematic review of animal experiments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:107-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
23
|
Embryonic programming of heart disease in response to obesity during pregnancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165402. [PMID: 30759362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity during pregnancy programs adult-onset heart disease in the offspring. Clinical studies indicate that exposure to an adverse environment in utero during early, as compared to late, gestation leads to a higher prevalence of adult-onset heart disease. This suggests that the early developing heart is particularly sensitive to an adverse environment. Accordingly, growing evidence from clinical studies and animal models demonstrates that obesity during pregnancy alters the function of the fetal heart, programming a higher risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Moreover, gene expression patterns and signaling pathways that promote initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease are altered in the hearts in offspring born to obese mothers. However, the mechanisms mediating the long-term effects of an adverse environment in utero on the developing heart leading to adult-onset disease are not clear. Here, we review clinical and experimental evidence documenting the effects of maternal obesity during pregnancy on the fetal and post-natal heart and emphasize on the potential mechanisms of disease programming.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rodríguez-González GL, Castro-Rodríguez DC, Zambrano E. Pregnancy and Lactation: A Window of Opportunity to Improve Individual Health. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1735:115-144. [PMID: 29380310 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7614-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human and animal studies indicate that obesity during pregnancy adversely impacts both maternal health and offspring phenotype predisposing them to chronic diseases later in life including obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Effective interventions during human pregnancy and/or lactation are needed to improve both maternal and offspring health. This review addresses the relationship between adverse perinatal insults and its negative impact on offspring development and presents some maternal intervention studies such as diet modification, probiotic consumption, or maternal exercise, to prevent or alleviate the negative outcomes in both the mother and her child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana C Castro-Rodríguez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abuaish S, Spinieli RL, McGowan PO. Perinatal high fat diet induces early activation of endocrine stress responsivity and anxiety-like behavior in neonates. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 98:11-21. [PMID: 30086533 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The maternal environment has a profound effect on the development of offspring, including responses to stress mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In rodents, perinatal high fat diet (HFD) has been shown to program the HPA axis in a manner that persists throughout adulthood, however the effects of perinatal HFD on stress-related behaviors and physiology in neonates are limited. The first two weeks of life in rodents are known as the stress hyporesponsive period, during which animals do not respond to stressors that are otherwise known to elicit behavioral and physiological responses in mature animals. As neonates emerge from the hyporesponsive period, the maturing neural systems mediating the HPA axis leads to the suppression of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and movement in the presence of threatening stimuli, such as male adult rat odor. In this study, we investigated the effects of perinatal HFD exposure, spanning the maternal pregestation, gestation and lactation period, on stress-related behaviors and physiology in neonatal rat offspring throughout the stress hyporesponsive period. During the stress hyporesponsive period, postnatal day (PND) 7, HFD pups had higher corticosterone levels in response to the presence of male odor, produced fewer USVs, and had an increase in basal corticotropin releasing hormone (Crh) transcript levels in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. As pup emerged from the stress hyporesponsive period, PND 13, HFD offspring exhibited higher adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels in response to male odor, increased anxiety-like behaviors as shown by increased USVs and immobility, and lower glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1) transcript abundance in the ventral hippocampus. These results indicate an alteration in the typical physiological and behavioral responses to stress during the hyporesponsive period of the HPA axis as a function of perinatal HFD exposure, which involves changes in the regulation of key genes mediating the HPA axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Abuaish
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard L Spinieli
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada; Psychobiology Graduate Program, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrick O McGowan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Keleher MR, Zaidi R, Patel K, Ahmed A, Bettler C, Pavlatos C, Shah S, Cheverud JM. The effect of dietary fat on behavior in mice. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2018; 17:297-307. [PMID: 30918865 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-018-0373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction in humans and rodents, and its effects can be passed on to the next generation. However, the extent of these effects is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a prenatal maternal high-fat diet and an individual high-fat diet in inbred mice. Methods We varied maternal diet and offspring diet to test the hypothesis that a high-fat diet would increase anxiety, reduce activity levels, and impair nest-building. First, we fed a high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet to genetically identical female Small (SM/J) mice and mated them with LF males. We cross-fostered all offspring to LF-fed SM/J nurses and weaned them onto an HF or LF diet. We weighed the mice weekly and we tested anxiety with the Open Field Test, activity levels with instantaneous scan sampling, and nest building using the Deacon Scale. Results Diet significantly affected weight, with HF females weighing 28.2 g (± 1.4 g SE) and LF females weighing 15.1 g (± 1.6 g SE) at 17 weeks old. The offspring's own diet had major behavioral effects. HF mice produced more fecal boli and urinations in the Open Field Test, built lower-quality nests, and had lower activity in adulthood than LF mice. The only trait that a prenatal maternal diet significantly affected was whether the offspring built their nests inside or outside of a hut. Conclusions Offspring diet, but not prenatal maternal diet, affected a wide range of behaviors in these mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Rose Keleher
- 1Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Population Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA.,2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Rabab Zaidi
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Kayna Patel
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Amer Ahmed
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Carlee Bettler
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Cassondra Pavlatos
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Shyam Shah
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - James M Cheverud
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ibáñez CA, Vázquez-Martínez M, León-Contreras JC, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodríguez-González GL, Bautista CJ, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Different Statistical Approaches to Characterization of Adipocyte Size in Offspring of Obese Rats: Effects of Maternal or Offspring Exercise Intervention. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1571. [PMID: 30524294 PMCID: PMC6262415 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte size (AS) shows asymmetric distribution related to current metabolic state, e.g., adipogenesis or lipolysis. We profiled AS distribution using different statistical approaches in offspring (F1) of control (C) and obese (MO) mothers (F0) with and without F0 or F1 exercise. Offspring from F0 exercise were designated CF0ex and MOF0ex. Exercised F1 of sedentary mothers were designated CF1ex and MOF1ex. F1 retroperitoneal fat cross-sectional AS was measured by median, cumulative distributions, data dispersion and extreme values based on gamma distribution modeling. F1 metabolic parameters: body weight, retroperitoneal fat, adiposity index (AI), serum leptin, triglycerides (TG) and insulin resistance index (IRI) were measured. Male and female F1 AS showed different cumulative distribution between C and MO (p < 0.0001) therefore comparisons were performed among C, CF0ex and CF1ex groups and MO, MOF0ex and MOF1ex groups. MO AI was higher than C (p < 0.05) and male MOF1ex AI lower than MO (p < 0.05). Median AS was higher in male and female MO vs. C (p < 0.05). Male and female MOF0ex and MOF1ex reduced median AS (p < 0.05). Lower AS dispersion was observed in male CF1ex and MOF1ex vs. CF0ex and MOF0ex, respectively. MO reduced small and increased large adipocyte proportions vs. C (p < 0.05); MOF0ex increased small and MOF1ex the proportion of large adipocytes vs. MO (p < 0.05). MOF0ex reduced male IRI and female TG vs. MO (p < 0.05). MOF1ex reduced male and female leptin (p < 0.05); CF1ex reduced male leptin (p < 0.05). Conclusions: several factors, diet, physical activity and gender modify AS distribution. Conventional AS distribution methods normally do not include analyzes of extreme, large and small adipocytes, which characterize different phenotypes. Maternal high fat diet affects F1 AS distribution, which was programmed during development. F0ex and F1ex have gender specific F1 beneficial effects. AS distribution characterization helps explain adipose tissue metabolic changes in different physiological conditions and will aid design of efficacious interventions to prevent and/or recuperate adverse developmental programming outcomes. Finally, precise identification of effects of specific interventions as exercise of F0 and/or F1 are needed to improve outcomes in obese women and their obesity prone offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Ibáñez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Magaly Vázquez-Martínez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Carlos León-Contreras
- Experimental Patology Section, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia J Bautista
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie WY, United States
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gartstein MA, Skinner MK. Prenatal influences on temperament development: The role of environmental epigenetics. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1269-1303. [PMID: 29229018 PMCID: PMC5997513 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge and outlines future directions relevant to questions concerning environmental epigenetics and the processes that contribute to temperament development. Links between prenatal adversity, epigenetic programming, and early manifestations of temperament are important in their own right, also informing our understanding of biological foundations for social-emotional development. In addition, infant temperament attributes represent key etiological factors in the onset of developmental psychopathology, and studies elucidating their prenatal foundations expand our understanding of developmental origins of health and disease. Prenatal adversity can take many forms, and this overview is focused on the environmental effects of stress, toxicants, substance use/psychotropic medication, and nutrition. Dysregulation associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disruptive disorders was noted in the context of maternal substance use and toxicant exposures during gestation, as well as stress. Although these links can be made based on the existing literature, currently few studies directly connect environmental influences, epigenetic programming, and changes in brain development/behavior. The chain of events starting with environmental inputs and resulting in alterations to gene expression, physiology, and behavior of the organism is driven by epigenetics. Epigenetics provides the molecular mechanism of how environmental factors impact development and subsequent health and disease, including early brain and temperament development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Gartstein
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA-99164-4820, USA
| | - Michael K. Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA-99164-4236, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lomas-Soria C, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodríguez-González GL, Ibáñez CA, Bautista CJ, Cox LA, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Maternal obesity has sex-dependent effects on insulin, glucose and lipid metabolism and the liver transcriptome in young adult rat offspring. J Physiol 2018; 596:4611-4628. [PMID: 29972240 DOI: 10.1113/jp276372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Maternal high-fat diet consumption predisposes to metabolic dysfunction in male and female offspring at young adulthood. Maternal obesity programs non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a sex-dependent manner. We demonstrate sex-dependent liver transcriptome profiles in rat offspring of obese mothers. In this study, we focused on pathways related to insulin, glucose and lipid signalling. These results improve understanding of the mechanisms by which a maternal high-fat diet affects the offspring. ABSTRACT Maternal obesity (MO) predisposes offspring (F1) to obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MO's effects on the F1 liver transcriptome are poorly understood. We used RNA-seq to determine the liver transcriptome of male and female F1 of MO and control-fed mothers. We hypothesized that MO-F1 are predisposed to sex-dependent adult liver dysfunction. Female Wistar rat mothers ate a control (C) or obesogenic (MO) diet from the time they were weaned through breeding at postnatal day (PND) 120, delivery and lactation. After weaning, all male and female F1 ate a control diet. At PND 110, F1 serum, liver and fat were collected to analyse metabolites, histology and liver differentially expressed genes. Male and female MO-F1 showed increased adiposity index, triglycerides, insulin and homeostatic model assessment vs. C-F1 with similar body weight and glucose serum concentrations. MO-F1 males presented greater physiological and histological NAFLD characteristics than MO-F1 females. RNA-seq revealed 1365 genes significantly changed in male MO-F1 liver and only 70 genes in female MO-F1 compared with controls. GO and KEGG analysis identified differentially expressed genes related to metabolic processes. Male MO-F1 liver showed the following altered pathways: insulin signalling (22 genes), phospholipase D signalling (14 genes), NAFLD (13 genes) and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (7 genes). In contrast, few genes were altered in these pathways in MO-F1 females. In summary, MO programs sex-dependent F1 changes in insulin, glucose and lipid signalling pathways, leading to liver dysfunction and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, México, D.F., 14080, México.,CONACyT, Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, México
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, México, D.F., 14080, México
| | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, México, D.F., 14080, México
| | - Carlos A Ibáñez
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, México, D.F., 14080, México
| | - Claudia J Bautista
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, México, D.F., 14080, México
| | - Laura A Cox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, México, D.F., 14080, México
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The biological changes that occur during pregnancy in the female mammal include shifts in hormonal regulation in preparation for parturition and lactation, and changes in energy metabolism. In women, studies have also shown that during pregnancy there is a reduction in bacterial species richness in the gut. In the current experiment rats were used to model the interaction of diet, reproductive status, and intestinal bacterial microbiota during pregnancy and lactation. In Experiment 1 rats were exposed to either standard chow or high-fat chow (60%) and were divided into two groups: unmated (NULL) or mated (RE). In Experiment 2, both NULL and RE rats were exposed to high-fat chow for a 30-day period. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that pregnancy impacted the gut microbiota in a similar manner to humans. The impact of reproductive status on microbiota composition, however, was stronger in rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Diet-induced changes replicated some of the changes observed in humans, such as increasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. However, in contrast to humans, pregnancy in rats did not increase β-diversity between microbiota from different animals. These results indicate that during pregnancy in rats, the gut microbiota is altered in a similar manner to that which occurs in women, and that these changes are further exaggerated by exposure to a HF diet. Thus, the rat may allow modelling the effects of consumption of HF food during pregnancy and enable future studies to determine the risks of HF diets during pregnancy and its consequences on the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis E. Mann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA,CONTACT Phyllis E. Mann Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Evelo Biosciences, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Widmer
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zambrano E, Nathanielsz PW. Relative contributions of maternal Western-type high fat, high sugar diets and maternal obesity to altered metabolic function in pregnancy. J Physiol 2017; 595:4573-4574. [PMID: 28513863 DOI: 10.1113/jp274392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
32
|
A Review of the Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Cognitive Function and Mental Health of the Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051093. [PMID: 28534818 PMCID: PMC5455002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, more than 20% of women of reproductive age are currently estimated to be obese. Children born to obese mothers are at higher risk of developing obesity, coronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and asthma in adulthood. Increasing clinical and experimental evidence suggests that maternal obesity also affects the health and function of the offspring brain across the lifespan. This review summarizes the current findings from human and animal studies that detail the impact of maternal obesity on aspects of learning, memory, motivation, affective disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and neurodegeneration in the offspring. Epigenetic mechanisms that may contribute to this mother–child interaction are also discussed.
Collapse
|
33
|
Bruce-Keller AJ, Fernandez-Kim SO, Townsend RL, Kruger C, Carmouche R, Newman S, Salbaum JM, Berthoud HR. Maternal obese-type gut microbiota differentially impact cognition, anxiety and compulsive behavior in male and female offspring in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175577. [PMID: 28441394 PMCID: PMC5404786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is known to predispose offspring to metabolic and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. While the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are unclear, high fat diets dramatically alter intestinal microbiota, and gut microbiota can impact physiological function. To determine if maternal diet-induced gut dysbiosis can disrupt offspring neurobehavioral function, we transplanted high fat diet- (HFD) or control low fat diet-associated (CD) gut microbiota to conventionally-housed female mice. Recipient mice were then bred and the behavioral phenotype of male and female offspring was tracked. While maternal behavior was unaffected, neonatal offspring from HFD dams vocalized less upon maternal separation than pups from CD dams. Furthermore, weaned male offspring from HFD dams had significant and selective disruptions in exploratory, cognitive, and stereotypical/compulsive behavior compared to male offspring from CD dams; while female offspring from HFD dams had increases in body weight and adiposity. 16S metagenomic analyses confirmed establishment of divergent microbiota in CD and HFD dams, with alterations in diversity and taxonomic distribution throughout pregnancy and lactation. Likewise, significant alterations in gut microbial diversity and distribution were noted in offspring from HFD dams compared to CD dams, and in males compared to females. Regression analyses of behavioral performance against differentially represented taxa suggest that decreased representation of specific members of the Firmicutes phylum predict behavioral decline in male offspring. Collectively, these data establish that high fat diet-induced maternal dysbiosis is sufficient to disrupt behavioral function in murine offspring in a sex-specific manner. Thus these data reinforce the essential link between maternal diet and neurologic programming in offspring and suggest that intestinal dysbiosis could link unhealthy modern diets to the increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental and childhood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annadora J. Bruce-Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Sun-Ok Fernandez-Kim
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - R. Leigh Townsend
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Claudia Kruger
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Richard Carmouche
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Susan Newman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - J. Michael Salbaum
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hatanaka Y, Kabuta T, Wada K. Disturbance in Maternal Environment Leads to Abnormal Synaptic Instability during Neuronal Circuitry Development. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:35. [PMID: 28220059 PMCID: PMC5292599 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse maternal environment during gestation and lactation can have negative effects on the developing brain that persist into adulthood and result in behavioral impairment. Recent studies of human and animal models suggest epidemiological and experimental association between disturbances in maternal environments during brain development and the occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the effects of maternal metabolic and hormonal abnormalities on the developing brain by focusing on the dynamics of dendritic spine, an excitatory postsynaptic structure. We discuss the abnormal instability of dendritic spines that is common to developmental disorders and neurological diseases. We also introduce our recent studies that demonstrate how maternal obesity and hyperandrogenism leads to abnormal development of neuronal circuitry and persistent synaptic instability, which results in the loss of synapses. The aim of this review is to highlight the links between abnormal maternal environment, behavioral impairment in offspring, and the dendiric spine pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hatanaka
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kabuta
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Edlow AG. Maternal obesity and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring. Prenat Diagn 2016; 37:95-110. [PMID: 27684946 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence from both human epidemiologic and animal studies that prenatal and lactational exposure to maternal obesity and high-fat diet are associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring. These disorders include cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, anxiety and depression, schizophrenia, and eating disorders. This review synthesizes human and animal data linking maternal obesity and high-fat diet consumption to abnormal fetal brain development and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric morbidity in offspring. In addition, it highlights key mechanisms by which maternal obesity and maternal diet might impact fetal and offspring neurodevelopment, including neuroinflammation; increased oxidative stress, dysregulated insulin, glucose, and leptin signaling; dysregulated serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling; and perturbations in synaptic plasticity. Finally, the review summarizes available evidence regarding investigational therapeutic approaches to mitigate the harmful effects of maternal obesity on fetal and offspring neurodevelopment. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Edlow
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Ob/Gyn, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Effects of a maternal high-fat diet on offspring behavioral and metabolic parameters in a rodent model. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 8:75-88. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diet-induced obesity can cause detrimental developmental origins of health and disease in offspring. Perinatal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to later behavioral and metabolic disturbances, but it is not clear which behaviors and metabolic parameters are most vulnerable. To address this critical gap, biparental and monogamous oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus), which may better replicate most human societies, were used in the current study. About 2 weeks before breeding, adult females were placed on a control or HFD and maintained on the diets throughout gestation and lactation. F1 offspring were placed at weaning (30 days of age) on the control diet and spatial learning and memory, anxiety, exploratory, voluntary physical activity, and metabolic parameters were tested when they reached adulthood (90 days of age). Surprisingly, maternal HFD caused decreased latency in initial and reverse Barnes maze trials in male, but not female, offspring. Both male and female HFD-fed offspring showed increased anxiogenic behaviors, but decreased exploratory and voluntary physical activity. Moreover, HFD offspring demonstrated lower resting energy expenditure (EE) compared with controls. Accordingly, HFD offspring weighed more at adulthood than those from control fed dams, likely the result of reduced physical activity and EE. Current findings indicate a maternal HFD may increase obesity susceptibility in offspring due to prenatal programming resulting in reduced physical activity and EE later in life. Further work is needed to determine the underpinning neural and metabolic mechanisms by which a maternal HFD adversely affects neurobehavioral and metabolic pathways in offspring.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hatanaka Y, Wada K, Kabuta T. Maternal high-fat diet leads to persistent synaptic instability in mouse offspring via oxidative stress during lactation. Neurochem Int 2016; 97:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
38
|
Clouard C, Gerrits WJJ, Kemp B, Val-Laillet D, Bolhuis JE. Perinatal Exposure to a Diet High in Saturated Fat, Refined Sugar and Cholesterol Affects Behaviour, Growth, and Feed Intake in Weaned Piglets. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154698. [PMID: 27191853 PMCID: PMC4871475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased consumption of diets high in saturated fats and refined sugars is a major public health concern in Western human societies. Recent studies suggest that perinatal exposure to dietary fat and/or sugar may affect behavioural development. We thus investigated the effects of perinatal exposure to a high-fat high-sugar diet (HFS) on behavioural development and production performance of piglets. Thirty-two non-obese sows and their piglets were allocated to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design, with 8-week prenatal (gestation) and 8-week postnatal (lactation and post-weaning) exposure to a HFS diet (12% saturated fat, 18.5% sucrose, 1% cholesterol) or control low-fat low-sugar high-starch diets as factors. From weaning onwards (4 weeks of age), piglets were housed in group of 3 littermates (n = 8 groups/treatment) and fed ad libitum. After the end of the dietary intervention (8 weeks of age), all the piglets were fed a standard commercial diet. Piglet behaviours in the home pens were scored, and skin lesions, growth, feed intake and feed efficiency were measured up to 8 weeks after the end of the dietary treatment, i.e. until 16 weeks of age. At the end of the dietary treatment (8 weeks of age), response to novelty was assessed in a combined open field and novel object test (OFT/NOT). During the weeks following weaning, piglets fed the postnatal HFS diet tended to be less aggressive (p = 0.06), but exhibited more oral manipulation of pen mates (p = 0.05) than controls. Compared to controls, piglets fed the prenatal or postnatal HFS diet walked more in the home pen (p ≤ 0.05), and tended to have fewer skin lesions (p < 0.10). Several behavioural effects of the postnatal HFS diet depended on the prenatal diet, with piglets subjected to a switch of diet at birth being more active, and exploring feeding materials, pen mates, and the environment more than piglets that remained on the same diet. Behaviours during the OFT/NOT were not affected by the diet. The intake of the postnatal HFS diet drastically reduced feed intake, but improved feed efficiency up to 8 weeks after the end of the dietary intervention, i.e. 16 weeks of age (p < 0.0001 for both). Our study highlights the key role of prenatal and postnatal nutritional interactions for early behavioural development, and reveals programming effects of early life nutrition on voluntary feed intake of piglets later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Clouard
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Walter J. J. Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - J. Elizabeth Bolhuis
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Clouard C, Kemp B, Val‐Laillet D, Gerrits WJJ, Bartels AC, Bolhuis JE. Prenatal, but not early postnatal, exposure to a Western diet improves spatial memory of pigs later in life and is paired with changes in maternal prepartum blood lipid levels. FASEB J 2016; 30:2466-75. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500208r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Clouard
- Department of Animal SciencesAdaptation Physiology GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bas Kemp
- Department of Animal SciencesAdaptation Physiology GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - David Val‐Laillet
- Department of Animal SciencesAnimal Nutrition GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Walter J. J. Gerrits
- Unité de Recherche 1341, Alimentation et Adaptations Digestives, Nerveuses et ComportementalesInstitut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueSaint GillesFrance
| | - Andrea C. Bartels
- Department of Animal SciencesAdaptation Physiology GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - J. Elizabeth Bolhuis
- Department of Animal SciencesAdaptation Physiology GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Maternal Obesity: Lifelong Metabolic Outcomes for Offspring from Poor Developmental Trajectories During the Perinatal Period. Arch Med Res 2016; 47:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
41
|
Abstract
AbstractMaternal obesity programmes offspring development. We addressed maternal obesity effects induced by high-fat diets on maternal mammary gland (MG) structure and function and offspring brain, liver and fat outcomes. Mothers were fed control (C, n 5) or obesogenic (MO, n 5) diet from the time they were weaned through pregnancy beginning at 120 d, through lactation. At offspring postnatal day (PND) 20, milk leptin and nutrients were determined. At the end of lactation, maternal liver and MG fatty acid profile were measured. Desaturase (Δ6D and Δ5D) and elongase (ELOVL 5 and ELOVL 2) protein was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting (WB) in the liver and WB in the MG. In mothers, liver, MG and milk fat content were higher in MO than in C. Liver arachidonic acid (AA) and EPA and MG EPA were lower in MO than in C. Liver desaturases were higher in MO. The MG was heavier in MO than in C, with decreased Δ5D expression in MO. Desaturases and elongases were immunolocalised in parenchymal cells of both groups. Milk yield, water, carbohydrate content, EPA and DHA were lower, whereas milk leptin and AA were higher in MO than in C. At PND 21 and 36, brain weight was less and fat depots were greater in MO offspring than in C. MO decreased male absolute brain weight but not female absolute brain weight. In conclusion, maternal obesity induced by an obesogenic diet negatively affects maternal liver and MG function with the production of significant changes in milk composition. Maternal obesity adversely affects offspring metabolism and development.
Collapse
|
42
|
Penfold NC, Ozanne SE. Developmental programming by maternal obesity in 2015: Outcomes, mechanisms, and potential interventions. Horm Behav 2015; 76:143-52. [PMID: 26145566 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "SBN 2014". Obesity in women of child-bearing age is a growing problem in developed and developing countries. Evidence from human studies indicates that maternal BMI correlates with offspring adiposity from an early age and predisposes to metabolic disease in later life. Thus the early life environment is an attractive target for intervention to improve public health. Animal models have been used to investigate the specific physiological outcomes and mechanisms of developmental programming that result from exposure to maternal obesity in utero. From this research, targeted intervention strategies can be designed. In this review we summarise recent progress in this field, with a focus on cardiometabolic disease and central control of appetite and behaviour. We highlight key factors that may mediate programming by maternal obesity, including leptin, insulin, and ghrelin. Finally, we explore potential lifestyle and pharmacological interventions in humans and the current state of evidence from animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C Penfold
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Besson AA, Lagisz M, Senior AM, Hector KL, Nakagawa S. Effect of maternal diet on offspring coping styles in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:1065-1080. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne A. Besson
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Biological Science Building; University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 New South Wales Australia
| | - Alistair M. Senior
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney; Johns Hopkins Drive, Sydney 2009 New South Wales Australia
| | - Katie L. Hector
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Biological Science Building; University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zambrano E, Reyes-Castro LA, Nathanielsz PW. Aging, glucocorticoids and developmental programming. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9774. [PMID: 25953670 PMCID: PMC4424198 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are pleiotropic regulators of multiple cell types with critical roles in physiological systems that change across the life-course. Although glucocorticoids have been associated with aging, available data on the aging trajectory in basal circulating glucocorticoids are conflicting. A literature search reveals sparse life-course data. We evaluated (1) the profile of basal circulating corticosterone across the life-course from weaning (postnatal day-PND 21), young adult PND 110, adult PND 450, mature adult PND 650 to aged phase PND 850 in a well-characterized homogeneous rat colony to determine existence of significant changes in trajectory in the second half of life; (2) sex differences; and (3) whether developmental programming of offspring by exposure to maternal obesity during development alters the later-life circulating corticosterone trajectory. We identified (1) a fall in corticosterone between PND 450 and 650 in both males and females (p < 0.05) and (2) higher female than male concentrations (p < 0.05). (3) Using our five life-course time-point data set, corticosterone fell at a similar age but from higher levels in male and female offspring of obese mothers. In all four groups studied, there was a second half of life fall in corticosterone. Higher corticosterone levels in offspring of obese mothers may play a role in their shorter life-span, but the age-associated fall occurs at a similar time to control offspring. Although even more life-course time-points would be useful, a five life-course time-point analysis provides important new information on normative and programmed aging of circulating corticosterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Zambrano
- />Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000 Mexico
| | - L. A. Reyes-Castro
- />Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000 Mexico
| | - P. W. Nathanielsz
- />Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071-3684 USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Santos M, Rodríguez-González GL, Ibáñez C, Vega CC, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Adult exercise effects on oxidative stress and reproductive programming in male offspring of obese rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 308:R219-25. [PMID: 25502750 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00398.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise improves health but few data are available regarding benefits of exercise in offspring exposed to developmental programming. There is currently a worldwide epidemic of obesity. Obesity in pregnant women predisposes offspring to obesity. Maternal obesity has well documented effects on offspring reproduction. Few studies address ability of offspring exercise to reduce adverse outcomes. We observed increased oxidative stress and impaired sperm function in rat offspring of obese mothers. We hypothesized that regular offspring exercise reverses adverse effects of maternal obesity on offspring sperm quality and fertility. Female Wistar rats ate chow (C) or high-energy, obesogenic diet (MO) from weaning through lactation, bred at postnatal day (PND) 120, and ate their pregnancy diet until weaning. All offspring ate C diet from weaning. Five male offspring (different litters) ran on a wheel for 15 min, 5 times/week from PND 330 to 450 and were euthanized at PND 450. Average distance run per session was lower in MO offspring who had higher body weight, adiposity index, and gonadal fat and showed increases in testicular oxidative stress biomarkers. Sperm from MO offspring had reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, lower sperm quality, and fertility. Exercise in MO offspring decreased testicular oxidative stress, increased sperm antioxidant activity and sperm quality, and improved fertility. Exercise intervention has beneficial effects on adiposity index, gonadal fat, oxidative stress markers, sperm quality, and fertility. Thus regular physical exercise in male MO offspring recuperates key male reproductive functions even at advanced age: it's never too late.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mery Santos
- Reproductive Biology Department, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico; and
| | | | - Carlos Ibáñez
- Reproductive Biology Department, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico; and
| | - Claudia C Vega
- Reproductive Biology Department, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico; and
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, Texas
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico; and
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Impact of cafeteria feeding during lactation in the rat on novel object discrimination in the offspring. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1933-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514003134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that hyperenergetic diets have an impact on memory in rodents. However, it is largely unknown how diets, such as a cafeteria diet (CD), that mimic a Western-type diet act on learning and memory, in particular when fed during early stages of development. Here, we fed lactating dams a CD and exposed both male and female offspring to a novel object discrimination (NOD) task, a two-trial test of recognition memory in which rats exposed to two identical objects during a training/familiarisation trial can discriminate a novel from a familiar object during the subsequent choice trial. The choice trial was performed following inter-trial interval (ITI) delays of up to 4 h. Maternal diet did not have an impact on exploration of the objects by either sex during the familiarisation trial. Control males discriminated the novel from the familiar object, indicating intact memory with an ITI of 1 h, but not 2 or 4 h. The CD delayed this natural forgetting in male rats such that discrimination was also evident after a 2 h ITI. In contrast, control females exhibited discrimination following both 1 and 2 h ITI, but the CD impaired performance. In summary, the present study shows that maternal exposure to the CD programmes NOD in the adult. In better-performing females, dietary programming interferes with NOD, whereas NOD was improved in males after lactational CD feeding.
Collapse
|
47
|
Desai M, Jellyman JK, Han G, Beall M, Lane RH, Ross MG. Maternal obesity and high-fat diet program offspring metabolic syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 211:237.e1-237.e13. [PMID: 24631702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined the potential programming effects of maternal obesity and high-fat (HF) diet during pregnancy and/or lactation on offspring metabolic syndrome. STUDY DESIGN A rat model of maternal obesity was created using an HF diet prior to and throughout pregnancy and lactation. At birth, pups were cross-fostered, thereby generating 4 paradigms of maternal diets during pregnancy/lactation: (1) control (Con) diet during pregnancy and lactation (Con/Con), (2) HF during pregnancy and lactation (HF/HF), (3) HF during pregnancy alone (HF/Con), and (4) HF during lactation alone (Con/HF). RESULTS Maternal phenotype during pregnancy and the end of lactation evidenced markedly elevated body fat and plasma corticosterone levels in HF dams. In the offspring, the maternal HF diet during pregnancy alone programmed increased offspring adiposity, although with normal body weight, whereas the maternal HF diet during lactation increased both body weight and adiposity. Metabolic disturbances, particularly that of hyperglycemia, were apparent in all groups exposed to the maternal HF diet (during pregnancy and/or lactation), although differences were apparent in the manifestation of insulin resistant vs insulin-deficient phenotypes. Elevated systolic blood pressure was manifest in all groups, implying that exposure to an obese/HF environment is disadvantageous for offspring health, regardless of pregnancy or lactation periods. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism may differ because offspring that experienced in utero HF exposure had increased corticosterone levels. CONCLUSION Maternal obesity/HF diet has a marked impact on offspring body composition and the risk of metabolic syndrome was dependent on the period of exposure during pregnancy and/or lactation.
Collapse
|
48
|
Perani CV, Slattery DA. Using animal models to study post-partum psychiatric disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4539-55. [PMID: 24527704 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-partum period represents a time during which all maternal organisms undergo substantial plasticity in a wide variety of systems in order to ensure the well-being of the offspring. Although this time is generally associated with increased calmness and decreased stress responses, for a substantial subset of mothers, this period represents a time of particular risk for the onset of psychiatric disorders. Thus, post-partum anxiety, depression and, to a lesser extent, psychosis may develop, and not only affect the well-being of the mother but also place at risk the long-term health of the infant. Although the risk factors for these disorders, as well as normal peripartum-associated adaptations, are well known, the underlying aetiology of post-partum psychiatric disorders remains poorly understood. However, there have been a number of attempts to model these disorders in basic research, which aim to reveal their underlying mechanisms. In the following review, we first discuss known peripartum adaptations and then describe post-partum mood and anxiety disorders, including their risk factors, prevalence and symptoms. Thereafter, we discuss the animal models that have been designed in order to study them and what they have revealed about their aetiology to date. Overall, these studies show that it is feasible to study such complex disorders in animal models, but that more needs to be done in order to increase our knowledge of these severe and debilitating mood and anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C V Perani
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Martin SAL, Jameson CH, Allan SM, Lawrence CB. Maternal high-fat diet worsens memory deficits in the triple-transgenic (3xTgAD) mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99226. [PMID: 24918775 PMCID: PMC4053375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not normally diagnosed until later in life, although evidence suggests that the disease starts at a much earlier age. Risk factors for AD, such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity, are known to have their affects during mid-life, though events very early in life, including maternal over-nutrition, can predispose offspring to develop these conditions. This study tested whether over-nutrition during pregnancy and lactation affected the development of AD in offspring, using a transgenic AD mouse model. Female triple-transgenic AD dam mice (3xTgAD) were exposed to a high-fat (60% energy from fat) or control diet during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning (at 3 weeks of age), female offspring were placed on a control diet and monitored up until 12 months of age during which time behavioural tests were performed. A transient increase in body weight was observed in 4-week-old offspring 3xTgAD mice from dams fed a high-fat diet. However, by 5 weeks of age the body weight of 3xTgAD mice from the maternal high-fat fed group was no different when compared to control-fed mice. A maternal high-fat diet led to a significant impairment in memory in 2- and 12-month-old 3xTgAD offspring mice when compared to offspring from control fed dams. These effects of a maternal high-fat diet on memory were accompanied by a significant increase (50%) in the number of tau positive neurones in the hippocampus. These data demonstrate that a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation increases memory impairments in female 3xTgAD mice and suggest that early life events during development might influence the onset and progression of AD later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. L. Martin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stuart M. Allan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine B. Lawrence
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zambrano E, Nathanielsz PW. Mechanisms by which maternal obesity programs offspring for obesity: evidence from animal studies. Nutr Rev 2014; 71 Suppl 1:S42-54. [PMID: 24147924 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity can profoundly affect offspring phenotype and predisposition to obesity and metabolic disease. Carefully controlled studies in precocial and altricial mammalian species provide insights into the involved mechanisms. These include programming of hypothalamic appetite-regulating centers to increase orexigenic relative to anorexigenic drive; increasing maternal, fetal, and offspring adrenal and peripheral tissue glucocorticoid production; and increasing maternal oxidative stress. Outcomes often show offspring sex differences that may play a role in the differential susceptibility of males and females to later-life obesity and other related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zambrano
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|