1
|
Pietkiewicz P, Korecka K, Salwowska N, Kohut I, Adhikari A, Bowszyc-Dmochowska M, Pogorzelska-Antkowiak A, Navarrete-Dechent C. Porokeratoses-A Comprehensive Review on the Genetics and Metabolomics, Imaging Methods and Management of Common Clinical Variants. Metabolites 2023; 13:1176. [PMID: 38132857 PMCID: PMC10744643 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Porokeratosis is a heterogeneous group of keratinising disorders characterised by the presence of particular microscopic structural changes, namely the presence of the cornoid lamella. This structure develops as a consequence of a defective isoprenoid pathway, critical for cholesterol synthesis. Commonly recognised variants include disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, disseminated superficial porokeratosis, porokeratosis of Mibelli, palmoplantar porokeratosis (including porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata and punctate porokeratosis), linear porokeratosis, verrucous porokeratosis (also known as genitogluteal porokeratosis), follicular porokeratosis and porokeratoma. Apart from the clinical presentation and epidemiology of each variant listed, this review aims at providing up-to-date information on the precise genetic background, introduces imaging methods facilitating the diagnosis (conventional and ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy and pathology), discusses their oncogenic potential and reviews the literature data on the efficacy of the treatment used, including the drugs directly targeting the isoprenoid-mevalonate pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Pietkiewicz
- Dermatology Private Practice, 61-683 Poznan, Poland
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, 61-683 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Korecka
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, 61-683 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (N.S.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Salwowska
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, 61-683 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (N.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ihor Kohut
- Skin Health Center, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine;
| | | | - Monika Bowszyc-Dmochowska
- Cutaneous Histopathology and Immunopathology Section, Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland;
| | | | - Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Verdaguer IB, Crispim M, Hernández A, Katzin AM. The Biomedical Importance of the Missing Pathway for Farnesol and Geranylgeraniol Salvage. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248691. [PMID: 36557825 PMCID: PMC9782597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprenoids are the output of the polymerization of five-carbon, branched isoprenic chains derived from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and its isomer, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). Isoprene units are consecutively condensed to form longer structures such as farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (FPP and GGPP, respectively), necessary for the biosynthesis of several metabolites. Polyprenyl transferases and synthases use polyprenyl pyrophosphates as their natural substrates; however, it is known that free polyprenols, such as farnesol (FOH), and geranylgeraniol (GGOH) can be incorporated into prenylated proteins, ubiquinone, cholesterol, and dolichols. Furthermore, FOH and GGOH have been shown to block the effects of isoprenoid biosynthesis inhibitors such as fosmidomycin, bisphosphonates, or statins in several organisms. This phenomenon is the consequence of a short pathway, which was observed for the first time more than 25 years ago: the polyprenol salvage pathway, which works via the phosphorylation of FOH and GGOH. Biochemical studies in bacteria, animals, and plants suggest that this pathway can be carried out by two enzymes: a polyprenol kinase and a polyprenyl-phosphate kinase. However, to date, only a few genes have been unequivocally identified to encode these enzymes in photosynthetic organisms. Nevertheless, pieces of evidence for the importance of this pathway abound in studies related to infectious diseases, cancer, dyslipidemias, and nutrition, and to the mitigation of the secondary effects of several drugs. Furthermore, nowadays it is known that both FOH and GGOH can be incorporated via dietary sources that produce various biological effects. This review presents, in a simplified but comprehensive manner, the most important data on the FOH and GGOH salvage pathway, stressing its biomedical importance The main objective of this review is to bring to light the need to discover and characterize the kinases associated with the isoprenoid salvage pathway in animals and pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Bofill Verdaguer
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcell Crispim
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Agustín Hernández
- Integrated Unit for Research in Biodiversity (BIOTROP-CCBS), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Miguel Katzin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-7330; Fax: +55-11-3091-7417
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pisanti S, Rimondi E, Pozza E, Melloni E, Zauli E, Bifulco M, Martinelli R, Marcuzzi A. Prenylation Defects and Oxidative Stress Trigger the Main Consequences of Neuroinflammation Linked to Mevalonate Pathway Deregulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159061. [PMID: 35897423 PMCID: PMC9332440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol biosynthesis represents a crucial metabolic pathway for cellular homeostasis. The end products of this pathway are sterols, such as cholesterol, which are essential components of cell membranes, precursors of steroid hormones, bile acids, and other molecules such as ubiquinone. Furthermore, some intermediates of this metabolic system perform biological activity in specific cellular compartments, such as isoprenoid molecules that can modulate different signal proteins through the prenylation process. The defects of prenylation represent one of the main causes that promote the activation of inflammation. In particular, this mechanism, in association with oxidative stress, induces a dysfunction of the mitochondrial activity. The purpose of this review is to describe the pleiotropic role of prenylation in neuroinflammation and to highlight the consequence of the defects of prenylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ′Scuola Medica Salernitana′, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Pozza
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ′Scuola Medica Salernitana′, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silva EK, Anthero AGDS, Emerick LB, Zabot GL, Hubinger MD, Meireles MAA. Low-frequency ultrasound-assisted esterification of Bixa orellana L. seed starch with octenyl succinic anhydride. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:1-8. [PMID: 35196570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the ultrasound intensity (0, 5, 10, and 20 W/cm2) on the esterification of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seed starch with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) employing a short processing time (5 min) to produce a novel emulsifier. OSA-esterified annatto seed starches were examined according to their degree of substitution (DS), amylose content, granule size distribution, microstructure, and X-ray diffractogram. Also, the performance of the OSA-modified annatto seed starch to stabilize colloidal systems was compared to commercial samples of OSA-modified starches. For this, annatto seed oil-in-water emulsions were produced and characterized according to their droplet size distribution, microstructure, and kinetic stability. Increasing ultrasound intensity from 5 W/cm2 to 20 W/cm2, DS values reached up to 0.139 ± 0.031. Likewise, these treatments yielded approximately 1.24-1.36 times more amylose content than the sample without ultrasound application. Most of the starch granules presented smooth surfaces without visible fissures. The higher ultrasound intensity hindered the aggregation of starch granules, thus forming well-defined elliptical particles. On the other hand, the increase of the ultrasound intensity did not change Brouckere mean diameter of the starch granules. No significant qualitative differences were seen in the X-ray diffractograms in terms of diffraction angle and peak intensity, indicating that the main functional characteristics of starches were not altered with ultrasound treatment. Furthermore, modified annatto starch was able to stabilize annatto seed oil-in-water emulsions. When compared to two commercial modified starches, OSA-esterified annatto starch produced a colloidal system with a larger Sauter mean diameter (14 ± 2 μm). However, the emulsion stabilized with modified annatto starch was more kinetically stable during the storage time in comparison to those stabilized with commercial starches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Keven Silva
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Gabriela da S Anthero
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Emerick
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovani L Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Sete de Setembro St., 1040, Cachoeira do Sul, RS, 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Miriam D Hubinger
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Angela A Meireles
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pająk B, Kania E, Gołaszewska A, Orzechowski A. Preliminary Study on Clusterin Protein (sCLU) Expression in PC-12 Cells Overexpressing Wild-Type and Mutated (Swedish) AβPP genes Affected by Non-Steroid Isoprenoids and Water-Soluble Cholesterol. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1481. [PMID: 30909654 PMCID: PMC6470582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we attempted to verify the hypothesis that the mevalonate pathway affects amyloid beta precursor protein (AβPP) processing and regulates clusterin protein levels. AβPP expression was monitored by green fluorescence (FL) and Western blot (WB). WB showed soluble amyloid protein precursor alpha (sAβPPα) presence in AβPP-wt cells and Aβ expression in AβPP-sw cells. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated rat neuronal pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells were untreated/treated with statins alone or together with non-sterol isoprenoids. Co-treatment with mevalonate, dolichol, ubiquinol, farnesol, geranylgeraniol, or water-soluble cholesterol demonstrated statin-dependent neurotoxicity resulted from the attenuated activity of mevalonate pathway rather than lower cholesterol level. Atorvastatin (50 μM) or simvastatin (50 μM) as well as cholesterol chelator methyl-β-cyclodextrin (0.2 mM) diminished cell viability (p < 0.05) and clusterin levels. Interestingly, co-treatment with mevalonate, dolichol, ubiquinol, farnesol, geranylgeraniol, or water-soluble cholesterol stimulated (p < 0.05) clusterin expression. Effects of non-sterol isoprenoids, but not water soluble cholesterol (Chol-PEG), were the most significant in mock-transfected cells. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) overcame atorvastatin (ATR)-dependent cytotoxicity. This effect does not seem to be dependent on clusterin, as its level became lower after GGOH. The novelty of these findings is that they show that the mevalonate (MEV) pathway rather than cholesterol itself plays an important role in clusterin expression levels. In mock-transfected, rather than in AβPP-overexpressing cells, GGOH/farnesol (FOH) exerted a protective effect. Thus, protein prenylation with GGOH/FOH might play substantial role in neuronal cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pająk
- Independent Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kania
- Tumor Cell Death Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Anita Gołaszewska
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences ⁻ SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Orzechowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences ⁻ SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu T, Tian D, Zhang L, Xu X, Xia K, Hu Z, Xiong Z, Tan J. Novel mutations in mevalonate kinase cause disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:304-313. [PMID: 30597534 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Zhu
- Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - D. Tian
- Department of Stomatology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - L. Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology the Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - X. Xu
- The Reproductive Medicine Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - K. Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Z. Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Z. Xiong
- The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - J. Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leite GAA, Sanabria M, Cavariani MM, Anselmo-Franci JA, Pinheiro PFF, Domeniconi RF, Kempinas WDG. Lower sperm quality and testicular and epididymal structural impairment in adult rats exposed to rosuvastatin during prepuberty. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:914-929. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
- Department of Morphology; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences; Botucatu Brazil
| | - Marciana Sanabria
- Department of Morphology; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences; Botucatu Brazil
| | - Marilia Martins Cavariani
- Department of Morphology; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences; Botucatu Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, School of Dentistry; USP - University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Fantin Domeniconi
- Department of Anatomy; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences; Botucatu Brazil
| | - Wilma De Grava Kempinas
- Department of Morphology; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences; Botucatu Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Santos MMS, Elsztein C, De Souza RB, Paiva SDSL, Silva JA, Crovella S, De Morais MA. Respiratory deficiency in yeast mevalonate kinase deficient may explain MKD-associate metabolic disorder in humans. Curr Genet 2018; 64:871-881. [PMID: 29374778 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) an orphan drug rare disease affecting humans with different clinical presentations, is still lacking information about its pathogenesis; no animal or cell model mimicking the genetic defect, mutations at MVK gene, and its consequences on the mevalonate pathway is available. Trying to clarify the effects of MVK gene impairment on the mevalonate pathway we used a yeast model, the erg12-d mutant strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae (orthologous of MKV) retaining only 10% of mevalonate kinase (MK) activity, to describe the effects of reduced MK activity on the mevalonate pathway. Since shortage of isoprenoids has been described in MKD, we checked this observation using a physiologic approach: while normally growing on glucose, erg12-d showed growth deficiency in glycerol, a respirable carbon source, that was not rescued by supplementation with non-sterol isoprenoids, such as farnesol, geraniol nor geranylgeraniol, produced by the mevalonate pathway. Erg12-d whole genome expression analysis revealed specific downregulation of RSF2 gene encoding general transcription factor for respiratory genes, explaining the absence of growth on glycerol. Moreover, we observed the upregulation of genes involved in sulphur amino acids biosynthesis that coincided with the increasing in the amount of proteins containing sulfhydryl groups; upregulation of ubiquinone biosynthesis genes was also detected. Our findings demonstrated that the shortage of isoprenoids is not the main mechanism involved in the respiratory deficit and mitochondrial malfunctioning of MK-defective cells, while the scarcity of ubiquinone plays an important role, as already observed in MKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Maria Silva Santos
- Interdepartmental Research Group in Metabolic Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Moraes Rego, No. 1235, Recife, PE, 50760-901, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Moraes Rego, No. 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50760-901, Brazil
| | - Carolina Elsztein
- Interdepartmental Research Group in Metabolic Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Moraes Rego, No. 1235, Recife, PE, 50760-901, Brazil
- Department of virology/CPqAM, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Avenida Moraes Rego, N/S, Recife, PE, 50760-901, Brazil
| | - Rafael Barros De Souza
- Interdepartmental Research Group in Metabolic Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Moraes Rego, No. 1235, Recife, PE, 50760-901, Brazil
- Institute for Biologial Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Agamenon Magalhães, s/n, Recife, PE, 50100-010, Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Sá Leitão Paiva
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Biology, Federal Rural University Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Azevêdo Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Moraes Rego, No. 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50760-901, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Moraes Rego, No. 1235, Recife, PE, 50760-901, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Moraes Rego, No. 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50760-901, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Moraes Rego, No. 1235, Recife, PE, 50760-901, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio De Morais
- Interdepartmental Research Group in Metabolic Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Moraes Rego, No. 1235, Recife, PE, 50760-901, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Moraes Rego, No. 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50760-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vardanega R, Dalmolin IA, Nogueira GC, Hatami T, Meireles MAA. Phase behaviour and mathematical modelling for the system annatto seed oil in compressed carbon dioxide + ethanol as co-solvent. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
10
|
Cecatto C, Amaral AU, da Silva JC, Wajner A, Godoy KDS, Ribeiro RT, Gonçalves ADM, Vargas CR, Wajner M. Mevalonolactone disrupts mitochondrial functions and induces permeability transition pore opening in rat brain mitochondria: Implications for the pathogenesis of mevalonic aciduria. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:133-145. [PMID: 28284974 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mevalonic aciduria (MVA) is caused by severe deficiency of mevalonic kinase activity leading to tissue accumulation and high urinary excretion of mevalonic acid (MA) and mevalonolactone (ML). Patients usually present severe neurologic symptoms whose pathophysiology is poorly known. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the major accumulating metabolites are toxic by investigating the in vitro effects of MA and ML on important mitochondrial functions in rat brain and liver mitochondria. ML, but not MA, markedly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), NAD(P)H content and the capacity to retain Ca2+ in the brain, besides inducing mitochondrial swelling. These biochemical alterations were totally prevented by the classical inhibitors of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) cyclosporine A and ADP, as well as by ruthenium red in Ca2+-loaded mitochondria, indicating the involvement of MPT and an important role for mitochondrial Ca2+ in these effects. ML also induced lipid peroxidation and markedly inhibited aconitase activity, an enzyme that is highly susceptible to free radical attack, in brain mitochondrial fractions, indicating that lipid and protein oxidative damage may underlie some of ML-induced deleterious effects including MTP induction. In contrast, ML and MA did not compromise oxidative phosphorylation in the brain and all mitochondrial functions evaluated in the liver, evidencing a selective toxicity of ML towards the central nervous system. Our present study provides for the first time evidence that ML impairs essential brain mitochondrial functions with the involvement of MPT pore opening. It is therefore presumed that disturbance of brain mitochondrial homeostasis possibly contributes to the neurologic symptoms in MVA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Cecatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Janaína Camacho da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kálita Dos Santos Godoy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline de Mello Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Silva EK, Zabot GL, Bargas MA, Meireles MAA. Microencapsulation of lipophilic bioactive compounds using prebiotic carbohydrates: Effect of the degree of inulin polymerization. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:775-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
12
|
Pabst AM, Krüger M, Sagheb K, Ziebart T, Jacobs C, Blatt S, Goetze E, Walter C. The influence of geranylgeraniol on microvessel sprouting after bisphosphonate substitution in an in vitro 3D-angiogenesis assay. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:771-778. [PMID: 27170294 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies focused on angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BP-ONJ) and identified geranylgeraniol (GGOH) as a feasible option for BP-ONJ therapy. This study investigated the influence of GGOH on microvessel sprouting after BP-incubation in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten experimental set-ups were randomly designed in an in vitro 3D-angiogenesis assay. Two groups included HUVEC cell spheroids with and without (±) GGOH substitution as controls and eight groups pairwise contained either clodronate or the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BP) ibandronate, pamidronate, and zoledronate ± GGOH. The size of the cell spheroids including the outbranching sprouts (SpS) as well as the density (SpD) and length of the sprouts (SpL) were analyzed by a grid system after 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. RESULTS For controls and NN-BP clodronate, no significant differences at any tested parameter and any point of measurement could be detected within the experimental set-ups ± GGOH (p each ≥0.05). For N-BP ibandronate, the experimental set-ups +GGOH showed a significantly increased SpS, SpD, and SpL after 48 and 72 h (p each ≤0.002) compared to the experimental set-ups -GGOH. For N-BPs pamidronate and zoledronate, the experimental set-ups + GGOH demonstrated a significantly increased SpS, SpD, and SpL after 24, 48, and 72 h (p each ≤0.001) compared to the experimental set-ups -GGOH. CONCLUSIONS The strong negative influence of N-BPs on microvessel sprouting could be significantly reversed by GGOH. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Since supportive therapeutic options for BP-ONJ are lacking, GGOH might be a promising substitute for BP-ONJ prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Pabst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Armed Forces Hospital, Rübenacherstr, 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - M Krüger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - K Sagheb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - T Ziebart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic, Georg-Voigt-Straße 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - C Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Blatt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - E Goetze
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Walter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ultrasound-assisted encapsulation of annatto seed oil: Whey protein isolate versus modified starch. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
14
|
Geranylgeraniol and Neurological Impairment: Involvement of Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Morphology. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:365. [PMID: 26978350 PMCID: PMC4813225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the cholesterol pathway is an anomaly observed in human diseases, many of which have in common neurological involvement and unknown pathogenesis. In this study we have used Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency (MKD) as a disease-model in order to investigate the link between the deregulation of the mevalonate pathway and the consequent neurodegeneration. The blocking of the mevalonate pathway in a neuronal cell line (Daoy), using statins or mevalonate, induced an increase in the expression of the inflammasome gene (NLRP3) and programmed cell death related to mitochondrial dysfunction. The morphology of the mitochondria changed, clearly showing the damage induced by oxidative stress and the decreased membrane potential associated with the alterations of the mitochondrial function. The co-administration of geranylgeraniol (GGOH) reduced the inflammatory marker and the damage of the mitochondria, maintaining its shape and components. Our data allow us to speculate about the mechanism by which isoprenoids are able to rescue the inflammatory marker in neuronal cells, independently from the block of the mevalonate pathway, and about the fact that cell death is mitochondria-related.
Collapse
|
15
|
Marcuzzi A, Vozzi D, Girardelli M, Tricarico PM, Knowles A, Crovella S, Vuch J, Tommasini A, Piscianz E, Bianco AM. Putative modifier genes in mevalonate kinase deficiency. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3181-9. [PMID: 26935981 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is an autosomal recessive auto‑inflammatory disease, caused by impairment of the mevalonate pathway. Although the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated, there is clinical evidence suggesting that other regulatory genes may be involved in determining the phenotype. The identification of novel target genes may explain non‑homogeneous genotype‑phenotype correlations, and provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that novel regulatory genes predispose or amplify deregulation of the mevalonate pathway in this orphan disease. In the present study, DNA samples were obtained from five patients with MKD, which were then analyzed using whole exome sequencing. A missense variation in the PEX11γ gene was observed in homozygosis in P2, possibly correlating with visual blurring. The UNG rare gene variant was detected in homozygosis in P5, without correlating with a specific clinical phenotype. A number of other variants were found in the five analyzed DNA samples from the MKD patients, however no correlation with the phenotype was established. The results of the presents study suggested that further analysis, using next generation sequencing approaches, is required on a larger sample size of patients with MKD, who share the same MVK mutations and exhibit 'extreme' clinical phenotypes. As MVK mutations may be associated with MKD, the identification of specific modifier genes may assist in providing an earlier diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health‑IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste I‑34137, Italy
| | - Diego Vozzi
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health‑IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste I‑34137, Italy
| | - Martina Girardelli
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health‑IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste I‑34137, Italy
| | - Paola Maura Tricarico
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste I‑34128, Italy
| | - Alessandra Knowles
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health‑IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste I‑34137, Italy
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health‑IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste I‑34137, Italy
| | - Josef Vuch
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste I‑34128, Italy
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health‑IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste I‑34137, Italy
| | - Elisa Piscianz
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health‑IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste I‑34137, Italy
| | - Anna Monica Bianco
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health‑IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste I‑34137, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Silva EK, Zabot GL, A. Meireles MA. Ultrasound-assisted encapsulation of annatto seed oil: Retention and release of a bioactive compound with functional activities. Food Res Int 2015; 78:159-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
Silva EK, Meireles MAA. Influence of the degree of inulin polymerization on the ultrasound-assisted encapsulation of annatto seed oil. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 133:578-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
18
|
Marcuzzi A, Piscianz E, Valencic E, Monasta L, Vecchi Brumatti L, Tommasini A. To Extinguish the Fire from Outside the Cell or to Shutdown the Gas Valve Inside? Novel Trends in Anti-Inflammatory Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:21277-93. [PMID: 26370962 PMCID: PMC4613252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160921277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are the most important soluble mediators of inflammation. Rare pediatric diseases provided exemplar conditions to study the anti-inflammatory efficacy of new generation therapies (biologics/biopharmaceuticals) selectively targeting single cytokines. Monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins have revolutionized anti-inflammatory therapies in the last two decades, allowing the specific targeting of single cytokines. They are very effective in extinguishing inflammation from outside the cell, even with the risk of an excessive and prolonged immunosuppression. Small molecules can enter the cell and shutdown the valve of inflammation by directly targeting signal proteins involved in cytokine release or in response to cytokines. They are orally-administrable drugs whose dosage can be easily adjusted to obtain the desired anti-inflammatory effect. This could make these drugs more suitable for a wide range of diseases as stroke, gout, or neurological impairment, where inflammatory activation plays a pivotal role as trigger. Autoinflammatory diseases, which have previously put anti-cytokine proteins in the limelight, can again provide a valuable model to measure the real potential of small inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste 34128, Italy.
| | - Elisa Piscianz
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" - , via dell'Istria, 65/1, Trieste 34137, Italy.
| | - Erica Valencic
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" - , via dell'Istria, 65/1, Trieste 34137, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" - , via dell'Istria, 65/1, Trieste 34137, Italy.
| | - Liza Vecchi Brumatti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" - , via dell'Istria, 65/1, Trieste 34137, Italy.
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" - , via dell'Istria, 65/1, Trieste 34137, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tricarico PM, Crovella S, Celsi F. Mevalonate Pathway Blockade, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Autophagy: A Possible Link. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:16067-84. [PMID: 26184189 PMCID: PMC4519939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160716067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway, crucial for cholesterol synthesis, plays a key role in multiple cellular processes. Deregulation of this pathway is also correlated with diminished protein prenylation, an important post-translational modification necessary to localize certain proteins, such as small GTPases, to membranes. Mevalonate pathway blockade has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction: especially involving lower mitochondrial membrane potential and increased release of pro-apoptotic factors in cytosol. Furthermore a severe reduction of protein prenylation has also been associated with defective autophagy, possibly causing inflammasome activation and subsequent cell death. So, it is tempting to hypothesize a mechanism in which defective autophagy fails to remove damaged mitochondria, resulting in increased cell death. This mechanism could play a significant role in Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency, an autoinflammatory disease characterized by a defect in Mevalonate Kinase, a key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. Patients carrying mutations in the MVK gene, encoding this enzyme, show increased inflammation and lower protein prenylation levels. This review aims at analysing the correlation between mevalonate pathway defects, mitochondrial dysfunction and defective autophagy, as well as inflammation, using Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency as a model to clarify the current pathogenetic hypothesis as the basis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maura Tricarico
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34128 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34128 Trieste, Italy.
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Celsi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tricarico PM, Piscianz E, Monasta L, Kleiner G, Crovella S, Marcuzzi A. Microglia activation and interaction with neuronal cells in a biochemical model of mevalonate kinase deficiency. Apoptosis 2015; 20:1048-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
21
|
Hyper-IgD syndrome/mevalonate kinase deficiency: what is new? Semin Immunopathol 2015; 37:371-6. [PMID: 25990874 PMCID: PMC4491100 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Mevalonate kinase deficiency or hyper-IgD syndrome is a hereditary autoinflammatory syndrome caused by mutations in the mevalonate kinase gene. In this review, we will discuss new findings in this disorder that have been published in the last 2 years. This includes new insights into pathophysiology, treatment, and the clinical phenotype linked to the genetic defect.
Collapse
|
22
|
McFarland AJ, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Arora DS, Grant GD, McDermott CM, Perkins AV, Davey AK. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of statins in the central nervous system. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20607-37. [PMID: 25391045 PMCID: PMC4264186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, commonly referred to as statins, are widely used in the treatment of dyslipidaemia, in addition to providing primary and secondary prevention against cardiovascular disease and stroke. Statins’ effects on the central nervous system (CNS), particularly on cognition and neurological disorders such as stroke and multiple sclerosis, have received increasing attention in recent years, both within the scientific community and in the media. Current understanding of statins’ effects is limited by a lack of mechanism-based studies, as well as the assumption that all statins have the same pharmacological effect in the central nervous system. This review aims to provide an updated discussion on the molecular mechanisms contributing to statins’ possible effects on cognitive function, neurodegenerative disease, and various neurological disorders such as stroke, epilepsy, depression and CNS cancers. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic differences between statins and how these may result in statin-specific neurological effects are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Devinder S Arora
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Gary D Grant
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | | | - Anthony V Perkins
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Andrew K Davey
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Statins in oncological research: from experimental studies to clinical practice. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 92:296-311. [PMID: 25220658 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors are commonly used drugs in the treatment of dyslipidemias, primarily raised cholesterol. Recently, many epidemiological and preclinical studies pointed to anti-tumor properties of statins, including anti-proliferative activities, apoptosis, decreased angiogenesis and metastasis. These processes play an important role in carcinogenesis and, therefore, the role of statins in cancer disease is being seriously discussed among oncologists. Anti-neoplastic properties of statins combined with an acceptable toxicity profile in the majority of individuals support their further development as anti-tumor drugs. The mechanism of action, current preclinical studies and clinical efficacy of statins are reviewed in this paper. Moreover, promising results have been reported regarding the statins' efficacy in some cancer types, especially in esophageal and colorectal cancers, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Statins' hepatotoxicity has traditionally represented an obstacle to the prescription of this class of drugs and this issue is also discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
24
|
Habis M, Wroblewski K, Bradaric M, Ismail N, Yamada SD, Litchfield L, Lengyel E, Romero IL. Statin therapy is associated with improved survival in patients with non-serous-papillary epithelial ovarian cancer: a retrospective cohort analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104521. [PMID: 25118694 PMCID: PMC4131884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether statin use is associated with improved epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) survival. METHODS This is a single-institution retrospective cohort review of patients treated for OvCa between 1992 and 2013. Inclusion criteria were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I-IV OvCa. The primary exposures analyzed were hyperlipidemia and statin use. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). RESULTS 442 patients met inclusion criteria. The cohort was divided into three groups: patients with hyperlipidemia who used statins (n = 68), patients with hyperlipidemia who did not use statins (n = 28), and patients without hyperlipidemia (n = 346). OvCa outcomes were evaluated. When we analyzed the entire cohort, we found no significant differences in PFS or DSS among the groups. The median PFS for hyperlipidemics using statins, hyperlipidemics not using statins, and non-hyperlipidemics was 21.7, 13.6, and 14.7 months, respectively (p = 0.69). Median DSS for hyperlipidemics using statins, hyperlipidemics not using statins, and non-hyperlipidemics was 44.2, 75.7, and 41.5 months, respectively (p = 0.43). These findings did not change after controlling for confounders. However, a secondary analysis revealed that, among patients with non-serous-papillary subtypes of OvCa, statin use was associated with a decrease in hazards of both disease recurrence (adjusted HR = 0.23, p = 0.02) and disease-specific death (adjusted HR = 0.23, p = 0.04). To augment the findings in the retrospective cohort, the histology-specific effects of statins were also evaluated in vitro using proliferation assays. Here, statin treatment of cell lines resulted in a variable level of cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Statin use among patients with non-serous-papillary OvCa was associated with improvement in both PFS and DSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Habis
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kristen Wroblewski
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael Bradaric
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nadia Ismail
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - S. Diane Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lacey Litchfield
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Iris L. Romero
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tricarico PM, Kleiner G, Valencic E, Campisciano G, Girardelli M, Crovella S, Knowles A, Marcuzzi A. Block of the mevalonate pathway triggers oxidative and inflammatory molecular mechanisms modulated by exogenous isoprenoid compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6843-56. [PMID: 24758928 PMCID: PMC4013665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the mevalonate pathway is known to be involved in a number of diseases that exhibit a systemic inflammatory phenotype and often neurological involvements, as seen in patients suffering from a rare disease called mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD). One of the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology could depend on the shortage of isoprenoid compounds and the subsequent mitochondrial damage, leading to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines’ release. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that cellular death results from the balance between apoptosis and pyroptosis, both driven by mitochondrial damage and the molecular platform inflammasome. In order to rescue the deregulated pathway and decrease inflammatory markers, exogenous isoprenoid compounds were administered to a biochemical model of MKD obtained treating a murine monocytic cell line with a compound able to block the mevalonate pathway, plus an inflammatory stimulus. Our results show that isoprenoids acted in different ways, mainly increasing the expression of the evaluated markers [apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain protein-like receptors 3 (NALP3), cytokines and nitric oxide (NO)]. Our findings confirm the hypothesis that inflammation is triggered, at least partially, by the shortage of isoprenoids. Moreover, although further studies are necessary, the achieved results suggest a possible role for exogenous isoprenoids in the treatment of MKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maura Tricarico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34128 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giulio Kleiner
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Erica Valencic
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Campisciano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34128 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Martina Girardelli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34128 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Knowles
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Delayed reproductive development in pubertal male rats exposed to the hypolipemiant agent rosuvastatin since prepuberty. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 44:93-103. [PMID: 24440231 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemias are frequently found in children due to obesity, bad eating habits and the lack of physical exercises. Rosuvastatin acts as an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, decreasing total cholesterol and triglycerides. This study aimed to investigate initial sexual development and morphological aspect of the testis and epididymis in juvenile rats exposed to rosuvastatin since pre-puberty. Three groups were formed with newly weaned rats: control, whose rats received saline solution 0.9%, rosuvastatin at doses of 3 or 10 mg/kg daily by gavage, since post-natal day 21 until puberty onset. In the rosuvastatin-treated groups, the results demonstrated a trend toward a decrease in testosterone concentration, but below the significance level, as well as delays in both the age of puberty onset and in epididymal development. There were also testicular alterations that might be related to delayed puberty and decrease of serum testosterone. In conclusion, rosuvastatin administration to juvenile rats not only delayed puberty onset and epididymal development, but also impaired testicular and epididymal morphology.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mevalonate kinase deficiency and neuroinflammation: balance between apoptosis and pyroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23274-88. [PMID: 24287904 PMCID: PMC3876043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mevalonic aciduria, a rare autosomal recessive disease, represents the most severe form of the periodic fever, known as Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency. This disease is caused by the mutation of the MVK gene, which codes for the enzyme mevalonate kinase, along the cholesterol pathway. Mevalonic aciduria patients show recurrent fever episodes with associated inflammatory symptoms, severe neurologic impairments, or death, in early childhood. The typical neurodegeneration occurring in mevalonic aciduria is linked both to the intrinsic apoptosis pathway (caspase-3 and -9), which is triggered by mitochondrial damage, and to pyroptosis (caspase-1). These cell death mechanisms seem to be also related to the assembly of the inflammasome, which may, in turn, activate pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Thus, this particular molecular platform may play a crucial role in neuroinflammation mechanisms. Nowadays, a specific therapy is still lacking and the pathogenic mechanisms involving neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction have not yet been completely understood, making mevalonic aciduria an orphan drug disease. This review aims to analyze the relationship among neuroinflammation, mitochondrial damage, programmed cell death, and neurodegeneration. Targeting inflammation and degeneration in the central nervous system might help identify promising treatment approaches for mevalonic aciduria or other diseases in which these mechanisms are involved.
Collapse
|
28
|
Marcuzzi A, Tricarico PM, Piscianz E, Kleiner G, Vecchi Brumatti L, Crovella S. Lovastatin induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in an undifferentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e585. [PMID: 23579272 PMCID: PMC3641335 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
29
|
Clinical genetic testing of periodic fever syndromes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:501305. [PMID: 23484126 PMCID: PMC3581266 DOI: 10.1155/2013/501305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodic fever syndromes (PFSs) are a wide group of autoinflammatory diseases. Due to some clinical overlap between different PFSs, differential diagnosis can be a difficult challenge. Nowadays, there are no universally agreed recommendations for most PFSs, and near half of patients may remain without a genetic diagnosis even after performing multiple-gene analyses. Molecular analysis of periodic fevers' causative genes can improve patient quality of life by providing early and accurate diagnosis and allowing the administration of appropriate treatment. In this paper we focus our discussion on effective usefulness of genetic diagnosis of PFSs. The aim of this paper is to establish how much can the diagnostic system improve, in order to increase the success of PFS diagnosis. The mayor expectation in the near future will be addressed to the so-called next generation sequencing approach. Although the application of bioinformatics to high-throughput genetic analysis could allow the identification of complex genotypes, the complexity of this definition will hardly result in a clear contribution for the physician. In our opinion, however, to obtain the best from this new development a rule should always be kept well in mind: use genetics only to answer specific clinical questions.
Collapse
|