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Zhang J, Lu Z, Feng L, Qu D, Zhu J. Identification of microbial communities and multi-species biofilms contamination in seafood processing environments with different hygiene conditions. Food Microbiol 2024; 122:104553. [PMID: 38839233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms formed by spoilage and pathogenic bacteria increase microbial persistence, causing an adverse influence on the quality of seafood. The mono-species biofilms are widely reported, however, the contamination of multi-species biofilms and their matrix in food environments are still not fully understood. Here, we assessed the contamination of multi-species biofilms in three seafood processing environments with different hygiene levels by detecting bacterial number and three biofilm matrix components (carbohydrates, extracellular DNA (eDNA), and proteins). Samples comprising seven food matrix surfaces and eight food processing equipment surfaces were collected from two seafood processing plants (XY and XC) and one seafood market (CC). The results showed that the bacterial counts ranged from 1.89 to 4.91 CFU/cm2 and 5.68 to 9.15 BCE/cm2 in these surfaces by cultivation and real-time PCR, respectively. Six biofilm hotspots were identified, including four in CC and two in XY. Among the three processing environments, the amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria decreased with improved processing hygiene, while Firmicutes showed a decrease in the four most abundant phyla. The most prevalent bacteria belonged to genera Psychrobacter, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas, demonstrating the significant differences and alteration in bacterial community composition during different environments. From the biofilm hotspots, 15 isolates with strong biofilm forming ability were identified, including 7 Pseudomonas, 7 Acinetobacter, and 1 Psychrobacter. The Pseudomonas isolates exhibited the highest production of EPS components and three strong motilities, whose characteristics were positively correlated. Thus, this study verified the presence of multi-species biofilms in seafood processing environments, offering preliminary insights into the diversity of microbial communities during processing. It highlights potential contamination sources and emphasizes the importance of understanding biofilms composition to control biofilms formation in seafood processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Zhong Lu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Lifang Feng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Daofeng Qu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Junli Zhu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
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2
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Prabhukhot GS, Eggleton CD, Vinyard B, Patel J. Using Bio-inline Reactor to Evaluate Sanitizer Efficacy in Removing Dual-species Biofilms Formed by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100314. [PMID: 38876365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of a sanitizer in biofilm removal may be influenced by a combination of factors such as sanitizer exposure time and concentration, bacterial species, surface topography, and shear stresses. We employed an inline biofilm reactor to investigate the interactions of these variables on biofilm removal with chlorine. The CDC bioreactor was used to grow E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes biofilms as a single species or with Ralstonia insidiosa as a dual-species biofilm on stainless steel, PTFE, and EPDM coupons at shear stresses 0.368 and 2.462 N/m2 for 48 hours. Coupons were retrieved from a CDC bioreactor and placed in an inline biofilm reactor and 100, 200, or 500 ppm of chlorine was supplied for 1- and 4 min. Bacterial populations in the biofilms were quantified pre- and posttreatment by plating on selective media. After chlorine treatment, reduction (Log CFU/cm2) in pathogen populations obtained from three replicates was analyzed for statistical significance. A 1-min chlorine treatment (500 ppm), on dual-species E. coli O157:H7 biofilms grown at high shear stress of 2.462 N/m2 resulted in significant E. coli O157:H7 reductions on SS 316L (2.79 log CFU/cm2) and PTFE (1.76 log CFU/cm2). Similar trend was also observed for biofilm removal after a 4-min chlorine treatment. Single species E. coli O157:H7 biofilms exhibited higher resistance to chlorine when biofilms were developed at high shear stress. The effect of chlorine in L. monocytogenes removal from dual-species biofilms was dependent primarily on the shear stress at which they were formed rather than the surface topography of materials. Besides surface topography, shear stresses at which biofilms were formed also influenced the effect of sanitizer. The removal of E. coli O157:H7 biofilms from EPDM material may require critical interventions due to difficulty in removing this pathogen. The inline biofilm reactor is a novel tool to evaluate the efficacy of a sanitizer in bacterial biofilm removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grishma S Prabhukhot
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD, USA; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental and Microbial Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Charles D Eggleton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Vinyard
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental and Microbial Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Jitendra Patel
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental and Microbial Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA.
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3
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Teixeira-Santos R, Azevedo A, Romeu MJ, Amador CI, Gomes LC, Whitehead KA, Sjollema J, Burmølle M, Mergulhão FJ. The use of biomimetic surfaces to reduce single- and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida. Biofilm 2024; 7:100185. [PMID: 38444517 PMCID: PMC10912049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to adhere to and form biofilms on food contact surfaces poses serious challenges, as these may lead to the cross-contamination of food products. Biomimetic topographic surface modifications have been explored to enhance the antifouling performance of materials. In this study, the topography of two plant leaves, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower, CF) and Brassica oleracea capitate (white cabbage, WC), was replicated through wax moulding, and their antibiofilm potential was tested against single- and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida. Biomimetic surfaces exhibited higher roughness values (SaWC = 4.0 ± 1.0 μm and SaCF = 3.3 ± 1.0 μm) than the flat control (SaF = 0.6 ± 0.2 μm), whilst the CF surface demonstrated a lower interfacial free energy (ΔGiwi) than the WC surface (-100.08 mJ m-2 and -71.98 mJ m-2, respectively). The CF and WC surfaces had similar antibiofilm effects against single-species biofilms, achieving cell reductions of approximately 50% and 60% for E. coli and P. putida, respectively, compared to the control. Additionally, the biomimetic surfaces led to reductions of up to 60% in biovolume, 45% in thickness, and 60% in the surface coverage of single-species biofilms. For dual-species biofilms, only the E. coli strain growing on the WC surface exhibited a significant decrease in the cell count. However, confocal microscopy analysis revealed a 60% reduction in the total biovolume and surface coverage of mixed biofilms developed on both biomimetic surfaces. Furthermore, dual-species biofilms were mainly composed of P. putida, which reduced E. coli growth. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the surface properties of CF and WC biomimetic surfaces have the potential for reducing biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Teixeira-Santos
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Azevedo
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Romeu
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina I. Amador
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luciana C. Gomes
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15GD, UK
| | - Jelmer Sjollema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mette Burmølle
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filipe J. Mergulhão
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Liu X, Xia X, Liu Y, Li Z, Shi T, Zhang H, Dong Q. Recent advances on the formation, detection, resistance mechanism, and control technology of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm in food industry. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114067. [PMID: 38395584 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis, a severe and fatal condition. Biofilms are communities of microorganisms nested within a self-secreted extracellular polymeric substance, and they protect L. monocytogenes from environmental stresses. Biofilms, once formed, can lead to the persistence of L. monocytogenes in processing equipment and are therefore considered to be a major concern for the food industry. This paper briefly introduces the recent advancements on biofilm formation characteristics and detection methods, and focuses on analysis of the mechanism of L. monocytogenes biofilm resistance; Moreover, this paper also summarizes and discusses the existing different techniques of L. monocytogenes biofilm control according to the physical, chemical, biological, and combined strategies, to provide a theoretical reference to aid the choice of effective control technology in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Xuejuan Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Yangtai Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhuosi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Tianqi Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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5
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Abdelhamid AG, Yousef AE. Untargeted metabolomics unveiled the role of butanoate metabolism in the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa hypoxic biofilm. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1346813. [PMID: 38435305 PMCID: PMC10904581 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1346813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile opportunistic pathogen which causes a variety of acute and chronic human infections, some of which are associated with the biofilm phenotype of the pathogen. We hypothesize that defining the intracellular metabolome of biofilm cells, compared to that of planktonic cells, will elucidate the metabolic pathways and biomarkers indicative of biofilm inception. Disc-shaped stainless-steel coupons (12.7 mm diameter) were employed as a surface for static biofilm establishment. Each disc was immersed in a well, of a 24-well microtiter plate, containing a 1-mL Lysogeny broth (LB) suspension of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, a strain known for its biofilm prolificacy. This setup underwent oxygen-depleted incubation at 37°C for 24 hours to yield hypoxic biofilms and the co-existing static planktonic cells. In parallel, another planktonic phenotype of ATCC 9027 was produced in LB under shaking (200 rpm) incubation at 37°C for 24 hours. Planktonic and biofilm cells were harvested, and the intracellular metabolites were subjected to global untargeted metabolomic analysis using LC-MS technology, where small metabolites (below 1.5 kDa) were selected. Data analysis showed the presence of 324 metabolites that differed (p < 0.05) in abundance between planktonic and biofilm cells, whereas 70 metabolites did not vary between these phenotypes (p > 0.05). Correlation, principal components, and partial least square discriminant analyses proved that the biofilm metabolome is distinctly clustered away from that of the two planktonic phenotypes. Based on the functional enrichment analysis, arginine and proline metabolism were enriched in planktonic cells, but butanoate metabolism was enriched in biofilm cells. Key differential metabolites within the butanoate pathway included acetoacetate, 2,3-butandiol, diacetyl, and acetoin, which were highly upregulated in the biofilm compared to the planktonic cells. Exogenous supplementation of acetoin (2 mM), a critical metabolite in butanoate metabolism, augmented biofilm mass, increased the structural integrity and thickness of the biofilm, and maintained the intracellular redox potential by balancing NADH/NAD+ ratio. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa hypoxic biofilm has a specialized metabolic landscape, and butanoate pathway is a metabolic preference and possibly required for promoting planktonic cells to the biofilm state. The butanoate pathway metabolites, particularly acetoin, could serve as markers for biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Abdelhamid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Yousef
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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6
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Zhou G, Dong P, Luo X, Zhu L, Mao Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Combined effects of cold and acid on dual-species biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Listeria monocytogenes under simulated chilled beef processing conditions. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104394. [PMID: 37919003 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Interactions across bacterial species boundaries are usually influenced by environmental stresses, yet little has been evaluated regarding multifactorial stresses on the fate of dual-species biofilm formation in food industry. In this study, the processing conditions of chilled beef were established as a combination of cold and acid stresses (4 °C and pH 5.4), with pH 7.0 or 25 °C serving as the controls, to investigate the interaction of dual-species biofilm between Pseudomonas fluorescens and Listeria monocytogenes. Dual-species biofilms significantly increased biofilm formation at 72 h under the condition of 25°C-pH7.0 and 25°C-pH5.4 (P < 0.05). Compared with mono-species biofilms, the cell numbers of L. monocytogenes in dual-species biofilms were lower at 25 °C (P < 0.05), however, the adherent cells of L. monocytogenes was higher in dual-species biofilms at 4 °C (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the amount of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins secreted by single P. fluorescens biofilms at 4 °C was more than three times than those at 25 °C. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy further profiled the variability of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composition. Additionally, RT-qPCR results revealed an upregulation of biofilm-related and genes in co-culture species. It provides valuable insights into the strategies for removing mixed biofilms under diverse stressful conditions in practical food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yunge Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Yimin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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7
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Hua Z, Zhu MJ. Unlocking the Hidden Threat: Impacts of Surface Defects on the Efficacy of Sanitizers Against Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms on Food-contact Surfaces in Tree Fruit Packing Facilities. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100213. [PMID: 38176613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Food-contact surfaces showing signs of wear pose a substantial risk of Listeria monocytogenes contamination and may serve as persistent sources of cross-contamination in fresh produce packinghouses. This study offers a comprehensive exploration into the influence of surface defects on the efficacies of commonly used sanitizers against L. monocytogenes biofilms on major food-contact surfaces. The 7-day-old L. monocytogenes biofilms were cultivated on food-contact surfaces, including stainless steel, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, low-density polyethylene, and rubber, with and without defects and organic matter. Biofilms on those surfaces were subjected to treatments of 200 ppm chlorine, 400 ppm quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), or 160 ppm peroxyacetic acid (PAA). Results showed that surface defects significantly (P < 0.05) increased the population of L. monocytogenes in biofilms on non-stainless steel surfaces and compromised the efficacies of sanitizers against L. monocytogenes biofilms across various surface types. A 5-min treatment of 200 ppm chlorine caused 1.84-3.39 log10 CFU/coupon reductions of L. monocytogenes on worn surfaces, compared to 2.79-3.93 log10 CFU/coupon reduction observed on new surfaces. Similarly, a 5-min treatment with 400 ppm QAC caused 2.05-2.88 log10 CFU/coupon reductions on worn surfaces, compared to 2.51-3.66 log10 CFU/coupon reductions on new surfaces. Interestingly, PAA sanitization (160 ppm, 1 min) exhibited less susceptibility to surface defects, leading to 3.41-4.35 log10 CFU/coupon reductions on worn surfaces, in contrast to 3.68-4.64 log10 CFU/coupon reductions on new surfaces. Furthermore, apple juice soiling diminished the efficacy of sanitizers against L. monocytogenes biofilms on worn surfaces (P < 0.05). These findings underscore the critical importance of diligent equipment maintenance and thorough cleaning processes to effectively eliminate L. monocytogenes contamination on food-contact surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hua
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Kocurek B, Ramachandran P, Grim CJ, Morin P, Howard L, Ottesen A, Timme R, Leonard SR, Rand H, Strain E, Tadesse D, Pettengill JB, Lacher DW, Mammel M, Jarvis KG. Application of quasimetagenomics methods to define microbial diversity and subtype Listeria monocytogenes in dairy and seafood production facilities. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0148223. [PMID: 37812012 PMCID: PMC10714831 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01482-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In developed countries, the human diet is predominated by food commodities, which have been manufactured, processed, and stored in a food production facility. Little is known about the application of metagenomic sequencing approaches for detecting foodborne pathogens, such as L. monocytogenes, and characterizing microbial diversity in food production ecosystems. In this work, we investigated the utility of 16S rRNA amplicon and quasimetagenomic sequencing for the taxonomic and phylogenetic classification of Listeria culture enrichments of environmental swabs collected from dairy and seafood production facilities. We demonstrated that single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses of L. monocytogenes metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from quasimetagenomic data sets can achieve similar resolution as culture isolate whole-genome sequencing. To further understand the impact of genome coverage on MAG SNP cluster resolution, an in silico downsampling approach was employed to reduce the percentage of target pathogen sequence reads, providing an initial estimate of required MAG coverage for subtyping resolution of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Kocurek
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Padmini Ramachandran
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher J. Grim
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Morin
- Office of Regulatory Science, Northeast Food and Feed Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jamaica, New York, USA
| | - Laura Howard
- Office of Regulatory Science, Northeast Food and Feed Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jamaica, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Ottesen
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth Timme
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan R. Leonard
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Hugh Rand
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Errol Strain
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Tadesse
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - James B. Pettengill
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - David W. Lacher
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Mammel
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen G. Jarvis
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Wałecka-Zacharska E, Korkus J, Grudlewska-Buda K, Budzyńska A, Wnuk K, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. The influence of stress factors on selected phenotypic and genotypic features of Listeria monocytogenes - a pilot study. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:259. [PMID: 37716959 PMCID: PMC10504795 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes are Gram-positive rods, widespread in the environment due to their wide tolerance to changing conditions. The apilot study aimed to assess the impact of six various stresses (heat, cold, osmotic, acid, alkali, frozen) on phenotypic features: MIC of antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, meropenem, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole; gradient stripes), motility, ability to form a biofilm (crystal violet method) and growth rate (OD and quantitative method), expression level of sigB (stress induced regulator of genes), agrA, agrB (associated with biofilm formation) and lmo2230, lmo0596 (acid and alkali stress) (qPCR) for three strains of L. monocytogenes. RESULTS Applied stress conditions contributed to changes in phenotypic features and expression levels of sigB, agrA, agrB, lmo2230 and lmo0596. Stress exposure increased MIC value for penicillin (ATCC 19111 - alkaline stress), ampicillin (472CC - osmotic, acid, alkaline stress), meropenem (strains: 55 C - acid, alkaline, o smotic, frozen stress; 472CC - acid, alkaline stress), erythromycin (strains: 55 C - acid stress; 472CC - acid, alkaline, osmotic stress; ATCC 19111 - osmotic, acid, alkaline, frozen stress), co-trimoxazole (strains: 55 C - acid stress; ATCC 19111 - osmotic, acid, alkaline stress). These changes, however, did not affect antibiotic susceptibility. The strain 472CC (a moderate biofilm former) increased biofilm production after exposure to all stress factors except heat and acid. The ATCC 19111 (a weak producer) formed moderate biofilm under all studied conditions except cold and frozen stress, respectively. The strain 55 C became a strong biofilm producer after exposure to cold and produced a weak biofilm in response to frozen stress. Three tested strains had lower growth rate (compared to the no stress variant) after exposure to heat stress. It has been found that the sigB transcript level increased under alkaline (472CC) stress and the agrB expression increased under cold, osmotic (55 C, 472CC), alkali and frozen (472CC) stress. In contrast, sigB transcript level decreased in response to acid and frozen stress (55 C), lmo2230 transcript level after exposure to acid and alkali stress (ATCC 19111), and lmo0596 transcript level after exposure to acid stress (ATCC 19111). CONCLUSIONS Environmental stress changes the ability to form a biofilm and the MIC values of antibiotics and affect the level of expression of selected genes, which may increase the survival and virulence of L. monocytogenes. Further research on a large L. monocytogenes population is needed to assess the molecular mechanism responsible for the correlation of antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and resistance to stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jakub Korkus
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Kacper Wnuk
- Department of Theoretical Foundations of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Computer Science, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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10
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Lake FB, van Overbeek LS, Baars JJP, Abee T, den Besten HMW. Growth performance of Listeria monocytogenes and background microbiota from mushroom processing environments. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 395:110183. [PMID: 37001480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between Listeria monocytogenes and resident background microbiota may occur in food processing environments and may influence the survival of this pathogen in a factory environment. Therefore the aim of this study was to characterize the growth performance of microbiota isolated from the processing environments of frozen sliced mushrooms, and to investigate the competitive performance of L. monocytogenes when co-cultured with accompanying environmental microbiota. Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus and Pseudomonas were the most prominent background microbiota isolated from the processing environment of frozen sliced mushrooms. All individual microbiota strains were able to grow and form biofilm in filter-sterilized mushroom medium, with the mannitol-consumers Raoultella and Ewingella as top performers, reaching up to 9.6 and 9.8 log CFU/mL after 48 h incubation at room temperature. When L. monocytogenes mushroom isolates were co-cultured with the microbiota strains, L. monocytogenes counts ranged from 7.6 to 8.9 log CFU/mL after 24 h of incubation, while counts of the microbiota strains ranged from 5.5 to 9.0 log CFU/mL. Prolonged incubation up to 48 h resulted in further increase of L. monocytogenes counts when co-cultured with non-acidifying species Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter reaching 9.1 to 9.2 log CFU/mL, while a decrease of L. monocytogenes counts reaching 5.8 to 7.7 log CFU/mL was observed in co-culture with Enterobacteriaceae and acidifying Lactococcus representatives. In addition, L. monocytogenes grew also in spent mushroom media of the microbiota strains, except in acidified spent media of Lactococcus strains. These results highlight the competitive ability of L. monocytogenes during co-incubation with microbiota in fresh and in spent mushroom medium, indicative of its invasion and persistence capacity in food processing factory environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B Lake
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo S van Overbeek
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan J P Baars
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidy M W den Besten
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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11
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Doulgeraki AI, Kamarinou CS, Nychas GJE, Argyri AA, Tassou CC, Moulas G, Chorianopoulos N. Role of Microbial Interactions across Food-Related Bacteria on Biofilm Population and Biofilm Decontamination by a TiO 2-Nanoparticle-Based Surfactant. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040573. [PMID: 37111459 PMCID: PMC10141041 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions play an important role in initial cell adhesion and the endurance of biofilm toward disinfectant stresses. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of microbial interactions on biofilm formation and the disinfecting activity of an innovative photocatalytic surfactant based on TiO2 nanoparticles. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Leuconostoc spp., Latilactobacillus sakei, Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia proteomaculans, Citrobacter freundii, Hafnia alvei, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas fragi, and Brochothrix thermosphacta left to form mono- or dual-species biofilms on stainless steel (SS) coupons. The effectiveness of the photocatalytic disinfectant after 2 h of exposure under UV light on biofilm decontamination was evaluated. The effect of one parameter i.e., exposure to UV or disinfectant, was also determined. According to the obtained results, the microbial load of a mature biofilm depended on the different species or dual species that had adhered to the surface, while the presence of other species could affect the biofilm population of a specific microbe (p < 0.05). The disinfectant strengthened the antimicrobial activity of UV, as, in most cases, the remaining biofilm population was below the detection limit of the method. Moreover, the presence of more than one species affected the resistance of the biofilm cells to UV and the disinfectant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study confirms that microbial interactions affected biofilm formation and decontamination, and it demonstrates the effectiveness of the surfactant with the photocatalytic TiO2 agent, suggesting that it could be an alternative agent with which to disinfect contaminated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agapi I Doulgeraki
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | - Christina S Kamarinou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George-John E Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anthoula A Argyri
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | - Chrysoula C Tassou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | | | - Nikos Chorianopoulos
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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12
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High biofilm-forming Pseudomonas strains isolated from poultry slaughterhouse surfaces: Their importance in the persistence of Salmonella enteritidis in slaughterhouses. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 390:110126. [PMID: 36791517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The surfaces of poultry slaughterhouse equipment are significant sources of contamination with Pseudomonas strains, which leads to spoilage of poultry meat during subsequent refrigerated storage. In this study, Pseudomonas strains with high biofilm-forming ability were isolated from different surfaces of the poultry slaughterhouse equipment, identified based on molecular data, and characterized their biofilm-forming ability. After 24 h of incubation at 25 °C, 54 out of 58 Pseudomonas strains produced biofilm in vitro on polystyrene microplates. Seven isolates with high-ability to produce biofilm were identified as P. fragi (three strains), P. fluorescens (two strains), P. lundensis and P. cedrina. Despite their differences, these strains produced high amounts of biofilm in pure- and dual-species cultures with S. enteritidis on stainless steel surfaces. However, their ability to produce dual-species biofilms with S. enteritidis depends on whether S. enteritidis form the biofilm simultaneously with the Pseudomonas strains or whether Pseudomonas strains have already formed a biofilm. In concurrent inoculation, S. enteritidis participated in biofilm formation with all seven Pseudomonas strains with varying percent contributions. However, in delayed inoculation, S. enteritidis did not contribute in the biofilm formed by P. lundensis R26, P. fragi R39, and P. fluorescens R47. In addition to highlighting the complexity of bacterial interactions associated with Pseudomonas strains, these results showed that Pseudomonas strains can be implicated in Salmonella persistence in poultry slaughterhouses.
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13
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Fernández-Gómez P, Oliveira M, Cobo-Díaz JF, González-Raurich M, Múgica-Vidal R, Alba-Elías F, Prieto M, Alvarez-Ordóñez A, López M. The background microbiota and sanitization agent drive the fate of Listeria monocytogenes in multispecies biofilms formed on a plasma-polymerized coating applied on stainless steel. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 386:110017. [PMID: 36435098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the anti-biofilm activity of a coating applied with an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet system on AISI 316 stainless steel (SS) against multispecies biofilms containing Listeria monocytogenes (using background microbiota from three different meat industries) using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Also, the disinfection effectiveness and biofilm evolution after sanitization with two food industry biocides were assessed. The anti-biofilm activity of the coating against L. monocytogenes, observed on mono-species biofilms (p < 0.05), was lost on the multispecies biofilms developed for 7 days at 12 °C (p > 0.05), with L. monocytogenes counts ranging from 5.5 ± 0.7 to 6.1 ± 0.5 CFU/cm2 on the uncoated SS and from 4.4 ± 0.2 to 6.4 ± 0.5 CFU/cm2 on the coated SS. The taxonomic composition of the formed biofilms was highly dependent on the industry but not affected by the artificial inoculation with L. monocytogenes and the nature of the surface (coated vs uncoated SS). When L. monocytogenes was artificially inoculated, its growth was partially controlled in the biofilms developed, with the magnitude of this effect being lower (p < 0.05 on coated SS) for the industry with the lowest taxonomy richness and diversity (3.8 ± 0.2 CFU/cm2), as compared the other two sampled industries (2.4 ± 0.4 and 1.6 ± 0.2 CFU/cm2). The 15-min disinfection treatments with either sodium hypochlorite or peracetic acid at 0.5 % resulted in total viable and L. monocytogenes counts below the limit of detection in most cases, immediately after treatment. The subsequent incubation of the sanitized plates for another 7 days at 12 °C in fresh BHI media led to the development of biofilms with lower bacterial richness and alpha diversity, and higher beta diversity. Even though sodium hypochlorite was in general slightly less effective than peracetic acid immediately after application, it caused a stronger growth control (p < 0.05) of the naturally present L. monocytogenes on the multispecies biofilms developed. This finding highlights the importance of understanding the interspecific competitive relationships between the members of the background microbiota and L. monocytogenes for the long-term control of this pathogen in food processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcia Oliveira
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - José F Cobo-Díaz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando Alba-Elías
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Miguel Prieto
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes López
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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14
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Zarei M, Rahimi S, Saris PEJ, Yousefvand A. Pseudomonas fluorescens group bacterial strains interact differently with pathogens during dual-species biofilm formation on stainless steel surfaces in milk. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1053239. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1053239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to develop strategies for preventing biofilm formation in the dairy industry, a deeper understanding of the interaction between different species during biofilm formation is necessary. Bacterial strains of the P. fluorescens group are known as the most important biofilm-formers on the surface of dairy processing equipment that may attract and/or shelter other spoilage or pathogenic bacteria. The present study used different strains of the P. fluorescens group as background microbiota of milk, and evaluated their interaction with Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Typhimurium during dual-species biofilm formation on stainless steel surfaces. Two separate scenarios for dual-species biofilms were considered: concurrent inoculation of Pseudomonas and pathogen (CI), and delayed inoculation of pathogen to the pre-formed Pseudomonas biofilm (DI). The gram-positive pathogens used in this study did not form dual-species biofilms with P. fluorescens strains unless they were simultaneously inoculated with Pseudomonas strains. E. coli O157:H7 was able to form dual-species biofilms with all seven P. fluorescens group strains, both in concurrent (CI) and delayed (DI) inoculation. However, the percentage of contribution varied depending on the P. fluorescens strains and the inoculation scenario. S. Typhimurium contributed to biofilm formation with all seven P. fluorescens group strains under the CI scenario, with varying degrees of contribution. However, under the DI scenario, S. Typhimurium did not contribute to the biofilm formed by three of the seven P. fluorescens group strains. Overall, these are the first results to illustrate that the strains within the P. fluorescens group have significant differences in the formation of mono-or dual-species biofilms with pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the possibility of forming dual-species biofilms with pathogens depends on whether the pathogens form the biofilm simultaneously with the P. fluorescens group strains or whether these strains have already formed a biofilm.
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15
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Daeschel D, Pettengill JB, Wang Y, Chen Y, Allard M, Snyder AB. Genomic analysis of Listeria monocytogenes from US food processing environments reveals a high prevalence of QAC efflux genes but limited evidence of their contribution to environmental persistence. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:488. [PMID: 35787787 PMCID: PMC9252043 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) efflux genes increase the minimum inhibitory concentration of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) to benzalkonium chloride sanitizer, but the contribution of these genes to persistence in food processing environments is unclear. The goal of this study was to leverage genomic data and associated metadata for 4969 Lm isolates collected between 1999 and 2019 to: (1) evaluate the prevalence of QAC efflux genes among Lm isolates from diverse US food processors, (2) use comparative genomic analyses to assess confounding factors, such as clonal complex identity and stress tolerance genotypes, and (3) identify patterns in QAC efflux gene gain and loss among persistent clones within specific facilities over time. Results The QAC efflux gene cassette bcrABC was present in nearly half (46%) of all isolates. QAC efflux gene prevalence among isolates was associated with clonal complex (𝛘2 < 0.001) and clonal complex was associated with the facility type (𝛘2 < 0.001). Consequently, changes in the prevalence of QAC efflux genes within individual facilities were generally attributable to changes in the prevalence of specific clonal complexes. Additionally, a GWAS and targeted BLAST search revealed that clonal complexes with a high prevalence of QAC efflux genes commonly possessed other stress tolerance genes. For example, a high prevalence of bcrABC in a clonal complex was significantly associated with the presence of the SSI-1 gene cluster (p < 0.05). QAC efflux gene gain and loss were both observed among persistent populations of Lm in individual facilities, suggesting a limited direct role for QAC efflux genes as predictors of persistence. Conclusion This study suggests that although there is evidence that QAC efflux genes are part of a suite of adaptations common among Lm isolated from some food production environments, these genes may be neither sufficient nor necessary to enhance persistence. This is a crucial distinction for decision making in the food industry. For example, changes to sanitizer regimen targeting QAC tolerance would not address other contributing genetic or non-genetic factors, such as equipment hygienic design which physically mediates sanitizer exposure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08695-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Daeschel
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - James B Pettengill
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Staff, Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Staff, Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marc Allard
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Abigail B Snyder
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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16
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Zhu J, Liu J, Hong X, Sun Y. Synergism With ε-Polylysine Hydrochloride and Cinnamon Essential Oil Against Dual-Species Biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas lundensis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:885502. [PMID: 35756071 PMCID: PMC9226771 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.885502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathogenic and spoilage bacteria frequently coexist in meat processing environments and can form multispecies biofilms, causing significant health and economic issues. Despite the prevalence and coexistence, only less is known about possible interactions between Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and spoilers like Pseudomonas species, and their community-wide resistance against natural preservatives. This study evaluates the interactions between mono- or dual-species biofilms formed by LM and Pseudomonas lundensis (PL), as well as the sensitivity of these bacteria in dual-species biofilms to ε-polylysine hydrochloride (ε-PLH) alone or combined with cinnamon essential oil (CEO). The results showed that the biofilm cell density of P. lundensis in dual species was higher (p < 0.05) than LM, constituting about 85% of the total population. More biofilms and exopolysaccharide both in mono- or dual species of the two psychrotrophic strains were greatly produced at 15°C than at 30°C. The biomass, biovolume, and thickness of dual-species biofilms were significantly lower than single PL biofilm when tested using crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, indicating the competitive interactions between them prevail. Additionally, ε-PLH significantly reduced the biofilm development as mono- and dual species in a concentration-dependent manner, especially single LM biofilm, which was consistent with the decrease in autoinducer-2 (AI-2) activity. LM as dual-species biofilms exhibited lower sensitivity to ε-PLH than its mono-biofilm probably due to protective effect conferred by PL. ε-PLH in combination with CEO, at the maximum sublethal concentrations (MSCs), showed enhanced inhibitory activity against dual-species biofilm formation, as evidenced by thin spare spatial structures and reduced AI-2 activity. In addition, the preformed dual biofilms were dramatically eradicated following treatment with ε-PLH combined with CEO at higher than minimum inhibitory concentration in comparison with either of the compounds used alone, indicating the synergistic antibiofilm of the two preservatives. This study reveals the competitive interactions between the two strains in dual-species biofilms, in which the dominant PL significantly contributed toward the tolerance of LM to ε-PLH, and the use of combined preservatives shows it is an effective strategy to control the multispecies biofilms in meat processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingcong Liu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Hong
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Sun
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Dong Q, Sun L, Fang T, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang X, Wu M, Zhang H. Biofilm Formation of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Simulated Chicken Processing Environment. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131917. [PMID: 35804733 PMCID: PMC9265453 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mono- and dual-species biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa incubated in different culture mediums, inoculum ratios, and incubation time. The planktonic cell population and motility were examined to understand the correlation with biofilm formation. The results showed that chicken juice significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes (p < 0.05). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the dominant bacteria in the dual-species biofilm formation in the trypticase soy broth medium. The dynamic changes in biofilm formation were not consistent with the different culture conditions. The growth of planktonic L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa in the suspension was inconsistent with their growth in the biofilms. There was no significant correlation between motility and biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed that the biofilm structure of L. monocytogenes was loose. At the same time, P. aeruginosa formed a relatively dense network in mono-species biofilms in an initial adhesion stage (24 h). SEM results also showed that P. aeruginosa was dominant in the dual-species biofilms. Overall, these results could provide a theoretical reference for preventing and controlling the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa in the food processing environment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.D.); (L.S.); (T.F.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Linjun Sun
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.D.); (L.S.); (T.F.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (M.W.)
- School of Food and Drug, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai 201514, China;
| | - Taisong Fang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.D.); (L.S.); (T.F.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Food and Drug, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai 201514, China;
| | - Zhuosi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.D.); (L.S.); (T.F.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.D.); (L.S.); (T.F.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Mengjie Wu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.D.); (L.S.); (T.F.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-02162758710
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18
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Wang Y, Sun L, Hu L, Wang Z, Wang X, Dong Q. Adhesion and kinetics of biofilm formation and related gene expression of Listeria monocytogenes in response to nutritional stress. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Milhan NVM, Chiappim W, Sampaio ADG, Vegian MRDC, Pessoa RS, Koga-Ito CY. Applications of Plasma-Activated Water in Dentistry: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084131. [PMID: 35456947 PMCID: PMC9029124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of water by non-thermal plasma creates a liquid with active constituents referred to as plasma-activated water (PAW). Due to its active constituents, PAW may play an important role in different fields, such as agriculture, the food industry and healthcare. Plasma liquid technology has received attention in recent years due to its versatility and good potential, mainly focused on different health care purposes. This interest has extended to dentistry, since the use of a plasma–liquid technology could bring clinical advantages, compared to direct application of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas (NTAPPs). The aim of this paper is to discuss the applicability of PAW in different areas of dentistry, according to the published literature about NTAPPs and plasma–liquid technology. The direct and indirect application of NTAPPs are presented in the introduction. Posteriorly, the main reactors for generating PAW and its active constituents with a role in biomedical applications are specified, followed by a section that discusses, in detail, the use of PAW as a tool for different oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noala Vicensoto Moreira Milhan
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (M.R.d.C.V.); (C.Y.K.-I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-12-991851206
| | - William Chiappim
- Plasma and Processes Laboratory, Department of Physics, Aeronautics Institute of Technology, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes 50, São José dos Campos 12228-900, Brazil; (W.C.); (R.S.P.)
| | - Aline da Graça Sampaio
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (M.R.d.C.V.); (C.Y.K.-I.)
| | - Mariana Raquel da Cruz Vegian
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (M.R.d.C.V.); (C.Y.K.-I.)
| | - Rodrigo Sávio Pessoa
- Plasma and Processes Laboratory, Department of Physics, Aeronautics Institute of Technology, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes 50, São José dos Campos 12228-900, Brazil; (W.C.); (R.S.P.)
| | - Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (M.R.d.C.V.); (C.Y.K.-I.)
- Department of Environment Engineering, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12247-016, Brazil
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20
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Nature-Inspired Antimicrobial Surfaces and Their Potential Applications in Food Industries. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060844. [PMID: 35327267 PMCID: PMC8949295 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern and has called for the integration of different areas of expertise for designing robust solutions. One such approach is the development of antimicrobial surfaces to combat the emerging resistance in microbes against drugs and disinfectants. This review is a compressive summary of the work done in the field of material science, chemistry, and microbiology in the development of antimicrobial materials and surfaces that are inspired by examples in nature. The focus includes examples of natural antimicrobial surfaces, such as cicada wings or nanopillars, dragonfly wings, shrimp shells, taro leaves, lotus leaves, sharkskin, gecko skin, and butterfly wings, along with their mechanism of action. Techniques, compositions, and combinations that have been developed to synthetically mimic these surfaces against bacterial/viral and fungal growth in food-processing areas have also been discussed. The applications of synthetic mimics of natural antimicrobial surfaces in food-processing environments is still a naïve area of research. However, this review highlights the potential applications of natural antimicrobial surfaces in the food-processing environment as well as outlines the challenges that need mitigations.
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Melian C, Bentencourt E, Castellano P, Ploper D, Vignolo G, Mendoza LM. Biofilm genes expression of Listeria monocytogenes exposed to Latilactobacillus curvatus bacteriocins at 10 °C. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 370:109648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Pang X, Song X, Chen M, Tian S, Lu Z, Sun J, Li X, Lu Y, Yuk HG. Combating biofilms of foodborne pathogens with bacteriocins by lactic acid bacteria in the food industry. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1657-1676. [PMID: 35181977 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most foodborne pathogens have biofilm-forming capacity and prefer to grow in the form of biofilms. Presence of biofilms on food contact surfaces can lead to persistence of pathogens and the recurrent cross-contamination of food products, resulting in serious problems associated with food safety and economic losses. Resistance of biofilm cells to conventional sanitizers urges the development of natural alternatives to effectively inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate preformed biofilms. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce bacteriocins which are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides, providing a great source of nature antimicrobials with the advantages of green and safe properties. Studies on biofilm control by newly identified bacteriocins are increasing, targeting primarily onListeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. This review systematically complies and assesses the antibiofilm property of LAB bacteriocins in controlling foodborne bacterial-biofilms on food contact surfaces. The bacteriocin-producing LAB genera/species, test method (inhibition and eradication), activity spectrum and surfaces are discussed, and the antibiofilm mechanisms are also argued. The findings indicate that bacteriocins can effectively inhibit biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, but are difficult to disrupt preformed biofilms. Synergistic combination with other antimicrobials, incorporation in nanoconjugates and implementation of bioengineering can help to strengthen their antibiofilm activity. This review provides an overview of the potential and application of LAB bacteriocins in combating bacterial biofilms in food processing environments, assisting in the development and widespread use of bacteriocin as a promising antibiofilm-agent in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoye Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuhua Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Hyun-Gyun Yuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Papatzimos G, Kotzamanidis C, Kyritsi M, Malissiova E, Economou V, Giantzi V, Zdragas A, Hadjichristodoulou C, Sergelidis D. Prevalence and characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in meat, meat products, food handlers and the environment of the meat processing and the retail facilities of a company in Northern Greece. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:367-376. [PMID: 34850423 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in the receiving meat, the meat products, the personnel and the environment of a vertically integrated company in Northern Greece owing a processing plant and three trading facilities. A total of 303 samples were examined from the receiving raw meat, raw meat preparations, ready-to-eat meat products, processing surfaces and the environment of these facilities as well as the food handlers' hands and nasal cavities. MALDI-TOF MS was used for Listeria identification; from the 22 (7·26%) positive to Listeria spp. isolates, 12 (3·96%) identified as L. monocytogenes, eight (2·64%) as Listeria innocua and two (0·66%) as Listeria welshimeri. Molecular serotyping of L. monocytogenes isolates by multiplex PCR revealed 11 strains belonging to serogroup IIa (1/2a and 3a) and one to IIc (1/2c and 3c). The assay for the detection of the virulence-associated genes revealed eight isolates carrying all the examined genes (inlA, inlB, inlC, plcA, prfA, actA, hlyA and iap) and four carrying all except the actA gene. Eleven (91·7%) of the isolates showed a strong ability to form biofilm. All isolates were multidrug resistant. The MALDI-TOF Main Spectrum Profile (MSPs), revealed three clusters: one with five isolates (four from environmental samples and one from a food handler), one with five isolates (all from environmental samples) and one with two isolates (both from raw meat products). MALDI-TOF MS seems to be a reliable tool for the identification of niches and contamination routes in processing plants, contributing also to the evaluation and improvement of the applied preventive measures to control L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Papatzimos
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin - Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Kotzamanidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - M Kyritsi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - E Malissiova
- Food of Animal Origin Laboratory, Animal Science Department, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - V Economou
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin - Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Giantzi
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - A Zdragas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - C Hadjichristodoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - D Sergelidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin - Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Shedleur-Bourguignon F, Thériault WP, Longpré J, Thibodeau A, Fravalo P. Use of an Ecosystem-Based Approach to Shed Light on the Heterogeneity of the Contamination Pattern of Listeria monocytogenes on Conveyor Belt Surfaces in a Swine Slaughterhouse in the Province of Quebec, Canada. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111368. [PMID: 34832524 PMCID: PMC8625388 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the accompanying microbiota in the presence of Listeria monocytogenes on meat processing surfaces is not yet understood, especially in industrial production conditions. In this study, 300 conveyor belt samples from the cutting room of a swine slaughterhouse were collected during production. The samples were subjected to the detection of L. monocytogenes. Recovered strains were characterized by serogrouping-PCR, InlA Sanger sequencing and for their ability to form biofilm. A selection of isolates was compared with core genome multi-locus sequence typing analysis (cgMLST). The sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S RNA gene of the microorganisms harvested from each sample was carried out in parallel using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Diversity analyses were performed and MaAsLin analysis was used to assess the link between L. monocytogenes detection and the surrounding bacteria. The 72 isolates collected showed a low genetic diversity and important persistence characteristics. L. monocytogenes isolates were not stochastically distributed on the surfaces: the isolates were detected on three out of six production lines, each associated with a specific meat cut: the half carcasses, the bostons and the picnics. MaAsLin biomarker analysis identified the taxa Veillonella (p ≤ 0.0397) as a bacterial determinant of the presence of L. monocytogenes on processing surfaces. The results of this study revealed a heterogenous contamination pattern of the processing surfaces by L. monocytogenes and targeted a bacterial indicator of the presence of the pathogen. These results could lead to a better risk assessment of the contamination of meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanie Shedleur-Bourguignon
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (F.S.-B.); (W.P.T.); (A.T.)
| | - William P. Thériault
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (F.S.-B.); (W.P.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Jessie Longpré
- F. Ménard, Division d’Olymel s.e.c., Ange-Gardien, QC J0E 1E0, Canada;
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (F.S.-B.); (W.P.T.); (A.T.)
- CRIPA Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (F.S.-B.); (W.P.T.); (A.T.)
- F. Ménard, Division d’Olymel s.e.c., Ange-Gardien, QC J0E 1E0, Canada;
- CRIPA Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Pôle Agroalimentaire, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam), 75003 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Motavaf F, Mirvaghefi A, Farahmand H, Hosseini SV. Effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil and potassium sorbate on inoculated Listeria monocytogenes, microbial and chemical quality of raw trout fillet during refrigerator storage. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3015-3025. [PMID: 34136167 PMCID: PMC8194907 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human listeriosis is predominantly associated with contaminated food consumption, including seafood, shrimp, and RTE foods. Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that is mainly found in freshwater, seawater, and fish mucus. Seafood contamination can occur during food processing. L.monocytogenes levels of below 100 cfu/g can be found in seafood samples. The present study was conducted to investigates the effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO) and potassium sorbate (PS) on microbial and chemical changes in raw rainbow trout at 4°C to extent shelf life and improve food safety. First, the chemical compositions of ZEO were identified. Then, different percentage of ZEO (1.5, 0.8, and 0.5%) and PS (2%) were inoculated in raw fish fillets and analyzed for TVC, TBA, TVB-N, pH, sensory attributes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and inoculated L. monocytogenes (1 × 105 cfu/g) survival at 4°C for 12 days. The best sensory evaluation score was observed for the samples treated with 0.8% and 1.5% ZEO. Overall, this study results indicated that the treatment of rainbow trout fillet with 1.5% ZEO is the best method for controlling the growth of L. monocytogenes at refrigerator temperature without any undesirable sensory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Motavaf
- Department of FisheriesFaculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranKarajIran
| | - Alireza Mirvaghefi
- Department of FisheriesFaculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranKarajIran
| | - Hamid Farahmand
- Department of FisheriesFaculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranKarajIran
| | - Seyed Vali Hosseini
- Department of FisheriesFaculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranKarajIran
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Wales AD, Gosling RJ, Bare HL, Davies RH. Disinfectant testing for veterinary and agricultural applications: A review. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:361-375. [PMID: 33939312 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Disinfectants for veterinary and livestock use, plus skin antiseptics, are critical elements for the control of infectious agents, including zoonotic and antimicrobial-resistant micro-organisms, in managed animal species. Such agents impact animal welfare, economic performance and human health. Testing of disinfectants is needed for safety, efficacy and quality control. The present review examines the principal types of test (carrier, suspension, surface and field) that have been developed or attempted, plus the features inherent in the respective tests, particularly with respect to variability. Elements of testing that have to be controlled, or which can be manipulated, are discussed in the context of real-world scenarios and anticipated applications. Current national and international testing regimes are considered, with an emphasis on the UK, continental Europe and North America, and with further detail provided in the Supporting Information. Challenges to disinfectant efficacy include: the nature of the biological targets (bacteria, fungi, yeasts, spores, viruses and prions), the need for economical and safe working concentrations, the physical and chemical nature of contaminated surfaces, constraints on contact times and temperatures, the presence of organic soil and other barrier or neutralising substances (including biofilms), and thoroughness of pre-cleaning and disinfectant application. The principal challenges with veterinary disinfectant testing are the control of test variability, and relating test results to likely performance in variable field conditions. Despite some ambitions to develop standardised field tests for disinfectants, aside from skin antiseptic trials the myriad problems such tests pose with respect to cost, reproducibility and generalisability remain intractable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Wales
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Rebecca J Gosling
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA - Weybridge), Addlestone, UK
| | - Harriet L Bare
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA - Weybridge), Addlestone, UK
| | - Robert H Davies
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA - Weybridge), Addlestone, UK
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Haddad S, Elliot M, Savard T, Deschênes L, Smith T, Ells T. Variations in biofilms harbouring Listeria monocytogenes in dual and triplex cultures with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Lactobacillus plantarum produced under a model system of simulated meat processing conditions, and their resistance to benzalkonium chloride. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Kostoglou D, Tsaklidou P, Iliadis I, Garoufallidou N, Skarmoutsou G, Koulouris I, Giaouris E. Advanced Killing Potential of Thymol against a Time and Temperature Optimized Attached Listeria monocytogenes Population in Lettuce Broth. Biomolecules 2021; 11:397. [PMID: 33800308 PMCID: PMC7998208 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh vegetables and salads are increasingly implicated in outbreaks of foodborne infections, such as those caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a dangerous pathogen that can attach to the surfaces of the equipment creating robust biofilms withstanding the killing action of disinfectants. In this study, the antimicrobial efficiency of a natural plant terpenoid (thymol) was evaluated against a sessile population of a multi-strain L. monocytogenes cocktail developed on stainless steel surfaces incubated in lettuce broth, under optimized time and temperature conditions (54 h at 30.6 °C) as those were determined following response surface modeling, and in comparison, to that of an industrial disinfectant (benzalkonium chloride). Prior to disinfection, the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of each compound were determined against the planktonic cells of each strain. The results revealed the advanced killing potential of thymol, with a concentration of 625 ppm (= 4 × MBC) leading to almost undetectable viable bacteria (more than 4 logs reduction following a 15-min exposure). For the same degree of killing, benzalkonium chloride needed to be used at a concentration of at least 20 times more than its MBC (70 ppm). Discriminative repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) also highlighted the strain variability in both biofilm formation and resistance. In sum, thymol was found to present an effective anti-listeria action under environmental conditions mimicking those encountered in the salad industry and deserves to be further explored to improve the safety of fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Efstathios Giaouris
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (D.K.); (P.T.); (I.I.); (N.G.); (G.S.); (I.K.)
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29
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Fagerlund A, Langsrud S, Møretrø T. Microbial diversity and ecology of biofilms in food industry environments associated with Listeria monocytogenes persistence. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Maggio F, Rossi C, Chaves-López C, Serio A, Valbonetti L, Pomilio F, Chiavaroli AP, Paparella A. Interactions between L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens in Dual-Species Biofilms under Simulated Dairy Processing Conditions. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010176. [PMID: 33467189 PMCID: PMC7829993 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In dairy processing environments, many bacterial species adhere and form biofilms on surfaces and equipment, leading to foodborne illness and food spoilage. Among them, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas spp. could be present in mixed-species biofilms. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions between L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens in biofilms simulating dairy processing conditions, as well as the capability of P. fluorescens in co-culture to produce the blue pigment in a Ricotta-based model system. The biofilm-forming capability of single- and mixed-cultures was evaluated on polystyrene (PS) and stainless steel (SS) surfaces at 12 °C for 168 h. The biofilm biomass was measured, the planktonic and sessile cells and the carbohydrates in biofilms were quantified. The biofilms were also observed through Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy analysis. Results showed that only P. fluorescens was able to form biofilms on PS. Moreover, in dual-species biofilms at the end of the incubation time (168 h at 12 °C), a lower biomass compared to P. fluorescens mono-species was observed on PS. On SS, the biofilm cell population of L. monocytogenes was higher in the dual-species than in mono-species, particularly after 48 h. Carbohydrates quantity in the dual-species system was higher than in mono-species and was revealed also at 168 h. The production of blue pigment by P. fluorescens was revealed both in single- and co-culture after 72 h of incubation (12 °C). This work highlights the interactions between the two species, under the experimental conditions studied in the present research, which can influence biofilm formation (biomass and sessile cells) but not the capability of P. fluorescens to produce blue pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maggio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Clemencia Chaves-López
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Annalisa Serio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Food Hygiene Unit, NRL for L. monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Alessio Pio Chiavaroli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Antonello Paparella
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861-266944
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31
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Clean-in-place disinfection of dual-species biofilm (Listeria and Pseudomonas) by a green antibacterial product made from citrus extract. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Charoux CMG, Patange AD, Hinds LM, Simpson JC, O'Donnell CP, Tiwari BK. Antimicrobial effects of airborne acoustic ultrasound and plasma activated water from cold and thermal plasma systems on biofilms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17297. [PMID: 33057158 PMCID: PMC7560612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are difficult to inactivate due to their high antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, new approaches are required for more effective bacterial biofilm inactivation. Airborne acoustic ultrasound improves bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity which is safe and environmentally friendly. While, plasma activated water (PAW) is attracting increasing attention due to its strong antimicrobial properties. This study determined efficacy of combined airborne acoustic ultrasound and plasma activated water from both cold and thermal plasma systems in inactivating Escherichia coli K12 biofilms. The application of airborne acoustic ultrasound (15 min) alone was significantly more effective in reducing E. coli counts in 48 and 72 h biofilms compared to 30 min treatment with PAW. The effect of airborne acoustic ultrasound was more pronounced when used in combination with PAW. Airborne acoustic ultrasound treatment for 15 min of the E. coli biofilm followed by treatment with PAW significantly reduced the bacterial count by 2.2-2.62 Log10 CFU/mL when compared to control biofilm treated with distilled water. This study demonstrates that the synergistic effects of airborne acoustic ultrasound and PAW for enhanced antimicrobial effects. These technologies have the potential to prevent and control biofilm formation in food and bio-medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine M G Charoux
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Apurva D Patange
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Laura M Hinds
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm P O'Donnell
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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33
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Yuan L, Sadiq FA, Wang N, Yang Z, He G. Recent advances in understanding the control of disinfectant-resistant biofilms by hurdle technology in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3876-3891. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1809345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Faizan A. Sadiq
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ni Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Genetic Subtyping, Biofilm-Forming Ability and Biocide Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from a Ready-to-Eat Food Industry. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070416. [PMID: 32708754 PMCID: PMC7400149 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of special concern for ready-to-eat food producers. The control of its presence is a critical step in which food-grade sanitizers play an essential role. L. monocytogenes is believed to persist in food processing environments in biofilms, exhibiting less susceptibility to sanitizers than planktonic cells. This study aimed to test the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes in planktonic culture and biofilm to three commercial food-grade sanitizers and to benzalkonium chloride; together with the genetic subtyping of the isolates. L. monocytogenes isolates were collected from raw materials, final products and food-contact surfaces during a 6-year period from a ready-to-eat meat-producing food industry and genetically characterized. Serogrouping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed genetic variability and differentiated L. monocytogenes isolates in three clusters. The biofilm-forming ability assay revealed that the isolates were weak biofilm producers. L. monocytogenes strains were susceptible both in the planktonic and biofilm form to oxidizing and ethanol-based compounds and to benzalkonium chloride, but not to quaternary ammonium compound. A positive association of biofilm-forming ability and LD90 values for quaternary ammonium compound and benzalkonium chloride was found. This study highlights the need for preventive measures improvement and for a conscious selection and use of sanitizers in food-related environments to control Listeria monocytogenes.
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Vazquez-Armenta FJ, Hernandez-Oñate MA, Martinez-Tellez MA, Lopez-Zavala AA, Gonzalez-Aguilar GA, Gutierrez-Pacheco MM, Ayala-Zavala JF. Quercetin repressed the stress response factor (sigB) and virulence genes (prfA, actA, inlA, and inlC), lower the adhesion, and biofilm development of L. monocytogenes. Food Microbiol 2019; 87:103377. [PMID: 31948618 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the effect of quercetin on the expression of virulence genes actA, inlA, inlC, and their regulatory components, sigB and prfA, in L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, the physicochemical changes on the surface, membrane permeability, and biofilm formation of quercetin-treated bacteria were evaluated. An inhibitory dose-dependent effect of quercetin (0.1-0.8 mM) was observed on the cell attachment on stainless steel at 2 and 6 h at 37 °C. Quercetin at 0.8 mM prevented the biofilm formation on stainless steel surfaces after 6 h of incubation at 37 °C, while the untreated bacteria formed biofilms with a cell density of 5.1 Log CFU/cm2. The microscopic analysis evidenced that quercetin at 0.2 mM decreased the biovolume and covered area of the attached micro-colonies. Also, sigB, prfA, inlA, inlC, and actA genes were downregulated by 7-29 times lower compared to untreated bacteria. In addition, quercetin decreased the superficial cell charge, increased the membrane permeability, and its surface hydrophobicity. These results demonstrated that quercetin prevented biofilm formation, repressed the genes of stress and virulence of L. monocytogenes and also altered the physicochemical cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Vazquez-Armenta
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46 Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - M A Hernandez-Oñate
- CONACYT - Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46 Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - M A Martinez-Tellez
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46 Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - A A Lopez-Zavala
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Rosales y Luis Encinas, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83000, Mexico
| | - G A Gonzalez-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46 Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - M M Gutierrez-Pacheco
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46 Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - J F Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46 Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
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Hua Z, Korany AM, El-Shinawy SH, Zhu MJ. Comparative Evaluation of Different Sanitizers Against Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms on Major Food-Contact Surfaces. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2462. [PMID: 31787935 PMCID: PMC6853887 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Contaminated food-contact surfaces are recognized as the primary reason for recent L. monocytogenes outbreaks in caramel apples and cantaloupes, highlighting the significance of cleaning and sanitizing food-contact surfaces to ensure microbial safety of fresh produce. This study evaluated efficacies of four commonly used chemical sanitizers at practical concentrations against L. monocytogenes biofilms on major food-contact surfaces including stainless steel, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester (PET), and rubber. In general, efficacies against L. monocytogenes biofilms were enhanced by increasing concentrations of quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), chlorine, and chlorine dioxide, or extending treating time from 1 to 5 min. The 5-min treatments of 400 ppm QAC, 5.0 ppm chlorine dioxide, and 200 ppm chlorine reduced 3.0-3.7, 2.4-2.7, and 2.6-3.8 log10 CFU/coupon L. monocytogenes biofilms depending on surfaces. Peroxyacetic acid (PAA) at 160 and 200 ppm showed similar antimicrobial efficacies against biofilms either at 1- or 5-min contact. The 5-min treatment of 200 ppm PAA caused 4.0-4.5 log10 CFU/coupon reduction of L. monocytogenes biofilms on tested surfaces. Surface material had more impact on the efficacies of QAC and chlorine, less influence on those of PAA and chlorine dioxide, while organic matter soiling impaired sanitizer efficacies against L. monocytogenes biofilms independent of food-contact surfaces. Data from this study provide practical guidance for effective disinfection of food-contact surfaces in food processing/packing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hua
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Korany
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Saadia Helmy El-Shinawy
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Rodríguez-López P, Rodríguez-Herrera JJ, Cabo ML. Tracking bacteriome variation over time in Listeria monocytogenes-positive foci in food industry. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 315:108439. [PMID: 31710972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The variation in microbial composition over time was assessed in biofilms formed in situ on selected non-food and food contact surfaces of meat and fish industries, previously identified as Listeria monocytogenes-positive foci. First, all samples were analysed for the detection and quantification of L. monocytogenes using ISO 11290-1 and ISO 11290-2 norms, respectively. Although the pathogen was initially detected in all samples, direct quantification was not possible. Psychrotrophic bacteria counts were among resident microbiota in meat industry samples (Meanmax = 6.14 log CFU/cm2) compared to those form fish industry (Meanmax = 5.85 log CFU/cm2). Visual analysis of the biofilms using epifluorescence microscopy revealed a trend to form microcolonies in which damaged/dead cells would act as anchoring structures. 16S rRNA gene metagenetic analysis demonstrated that, although Proteobacteria (71.37%) initially dominated the bacterial communities at one meat industry location, there was a dramatic shift in composition as the biofilms matured, where Actinobacteria (79.72%) became the major phylum present in later samples. This change was largely due to an increase of Nocardiaceae, Micrococcaceae and Microbacteriaceae. Nevertheless, for the other sampling location, the relative abundance of the dominating phylum (Firmicutes) remained consistent over the entire sampling period (Mean = 63.02%). In fish industry samples, Proteobacteria also initially dominated early on (90.69%) but subsequent sampling showed a higher diversity in which Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla accounting for the 48.04 and 37.98%, respectively by the last sampling period. Regardless of the location, the community profiles of the endpoint samples were similar to those reported previously. This demonstrated that in a given industrial setting there is a trend to establish a determinate biofilm structure due to the environmental factors and the constant incoming microbiota. This information could be used to improve the existing sanitisation protocols or for the design of novel strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodríguez-López
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, (Pontevedra), Spain; Department of Food and Drug, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, (PR), Italy
| | - Juan José Rodríguez-Herrera
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - Marta López Cabo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, (Pontevedra), Spain.
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Facultative Anaerobes Shape Multispecies Biofilms Composed of Meat Processing Surface Bacteria and Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01123-19. [PMID: 31253683 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01123-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the microbial dynamics in multispecies biofilms of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 1934 (O157) or Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (ST) and 40 strains of meat processing surface bacteria (MPB). Biofilms of O157 or ST with/without MPB were developed on stainless steel coupons at 15°C for up to 6 days. Bacteria in suspensions (inoculum, days 2 and 6) and biofilms (days 2 and 6) were enumerated by plating. The composition of multispecies cultures was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In suspensions, levels of O157 and ST were ∼2 log higher in single-species than in multispecies cultures on both sampling days. ST was 3 log higher in single-species than in multispecies biofilms. A similar trend, though to a lesser extent, was observed for O157 in biofilms on day 2 but not on day 6. No difference (P > 0.05) in bacterial counts was noted for the two MPB-pathogen cocultures at any time during incubation. Bacterial diversity in multispecies cultures decreased with incubation time, irrespective of the pathogen or culture type. The changes in the relative abundance of MPB were similar for the two MPB-pathogen cocultures, though different interbacterial interactions were noted. Respective fractions of ST and O157 were 2.1% and 0.97% initially and then 0.10% and 0.07% on day 2, and 0.60% and 0.04% on day 6. The relative proportions of facultative anaerobes in both multispecies cultures were greater in both suspensions and biofilms than in the inoculum. Citrobacter, Hafnia, Aeromonas, and Carnobacterium predominated in biofilms but not always in the planktonic cultures.IMPORTANCE Results of this study demonstrate that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 can integrate into biofilms when cocultured with bacteria from meat plant processing surfaces. However, the degree of biofilm formation for both pathogens was substantially reduced in the presence of the competing microbiota, with S. Typhimurium more greatly affected than E. coli O157:H7. The expression of extracellular determinants such as curli and cellulose appears to be less important for biofilm formation of the pathogens in multispecies cultures than in monoculture. In contrast to previous reports regarding food processing surface bacteria, data collected here also demonstrate that facultative anaerobes may have a competitive edge over strict aerobes in establishing multispecies biofilms. It would be important to take into account the presence of background bacteria when evaluating the potential persistence of a pathogen in food processing facilities.
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Ripolles-Avila C, Hascoët A, Martínez-Suárez J, Capita R, Rodríguez-Jerez J. Evaluation of the microbiological contamination of food processing environments through implementing surface sensors in an iberian pork processing plant: An approach towards the control of Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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40
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Biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes and its resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in a simulated salmon processing environment. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Patange A, Boehm D, Ziuzina D, Cullen PJ, Gilmore B, Bourke P. High voltage atmospheric cold air plasma control of bacterial biofilms on fresh produce. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 293:137-145. [PMID: 30711711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) offers great potential for decontamination of food borne pathogens. This study examined the antimicrobial efficacy of ACP against a range of pathogens of concern to fresh produce comparing planktonic cultures, monoculture biofilms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas fluorescens) and mixed culture biofilms (Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens). Biotic and abiotic surfaces commonly occurring in the fresh food industry were investigated. Microorganisms showed varying susceptibility to ACP treatment depending on target and process factors. Bacterial biofilm populations treated with high voltage (80 kV) ACP were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in both mono- and mixed species biofilms after 60 s of treatment and yielded non-detectable levels after extending treatment time to 120 s. However, an extended time was required to reduce the challenge mixed culture biofilm of L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens inoculated on lettuce, which was dependent on biofilm formation conditions and substrate. Contained treatment for 120 s reduced L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens inoculated as mixed cultures on lettuce (p < 0.05) by 2.2 and 4.2 Log10 CFU/ml respectively. When biofilms were grown at 4 °C on lettuce, there was an increased resistance to ACP treatment by comparison with biofilm grown at temperature abuse conditions of 15 °C. Similarly, L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens exposed to cold stress (4 °C) for 1 h demonstrated increased tolerance to ACP treatment compared to non-stressed cells. These finding demonstrates that bacterial form, mono versus mixed challenges as well as environmental stress conditions play an important role in ACP inactivation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Patange
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - D Boehm
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Dana Ziuzina
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - P J Cullen
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Brendan Gilmore
- Biofilm Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT97BL, UK
| | - Paula Bourke
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 1, Ireland.
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42
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Pang X, Yuk HG. Effects of the colonization sequence of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens on survival of biofilm cells under food-related stresses and transfer to salmon. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:142-150. [PMID: 31027768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated how the colonization sequence of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens affects biofilm formation and biofilm cell response to food-related stress (desiccation or disinfection) as well as the transferability of L. monocytogenes to salmon products. The results showed that the colonization sequence did not affect the population of dual species biofilms. Furthermore, survival number of L. monocytogenes was 0.8 log CFU/cm2 higher when P. fluorescens was the first colonizer during desiccation or disinfectant treatment in comparison with dual-species biofilms with other colonization sequences. A lower transfer rate of L. monocytogenes biofilm cells from dual-species biofilms was observed as compared to single species biofilms. In particular, L. monocytogenes cells detached at a slower rate during transfer to 10 slices of salmon from dual-species biofilms first established by P. fluorescens. Confocal images revealed more exopolysaccharide production in dual-speciesbiofilms first established by P. fluorescens than in biofilms generated via other sequences. These results indicate that preexisting P. fluorescens biofilms on stainless steel can enhance resistance of L. monocytogenes to desiccation and disinfection, although this setup decreased the transfer rate of L. monocytogenes to salmon slices. Thus, this study highlights the risk of L. monocytogenes contamination in pre-formed Pseudomonas biofilms at salmon processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Pang
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hyun-Gyun Yuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, 27909, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Alvarez-Ordóñez A, Coughlan LM, Briandet R, Cotter PD. Biofilms in Food Processing Environments: Challenges and Opportunities. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:173-195. [PMID: 30653351 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the impact of microbial communities colonizing food processing environments in the form of biofilms on food safety and food quality. The focus is both on biofilms formed by pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms and on those formed by harmless or beneficial microbes, which are of particular relevance in the processing of fermented foods. Information is presented on intraspecies variability in biofilm formation, interspecies relationships of cooperativism or competition within biofilms, the factors influencing biofilm ecology and architecture, and how these factors may influence removal. The effect on the biofilm formation ability of particular food components and different environmental conditions that commonly prevail during food processing is discussed. Available tools for the in situ monitoring and characterization of wild microbial biofilms in food processing facilities are explored. Finally, research on novel agents or strategies for the control of biofilm formation or removal is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Laura M Coughlan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Romain Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350 France
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
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Meireles A, Faia S, Giaouris E, Simões M. Antimicrobial susceptibility and sessile behaviour of bacteria isolated from a minimally processed vegetables plant. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:1150-1160. [PMID: 30663892 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1554742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 20 heterotrophic bacteria from a minimally processed vegetables (MPV) plant were tested for their susceptibilities to five antibiotics (tetracycline, erythromycin, ampicillin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin), their (co)aggregation abilities and their survival under gastric simulated conditions. Peracetic acid (PA) and sodium hypochlorite (SH), both at 50 ppm, were evaluated for their abilities to control biofilms of these bacteria. In general, the Gram-negative bacteria were found to be more resistant to the selected antibiotics. Two isolates, Rhanella aquatilis and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, demonstrated multidrug resistance. Only Rhodococcus erythropolis presented aggregation potential, while no bacterium survived under the gastric conditions. The biofilm experiments showed PA as less efficient than SH in killing biofilms and neither of the disinfectants was able to fully eliminate the biofilms. Significant regrowth was observed for most of the biofilms. The results indicate that alternative and/or complementary disinfection strategies are required to guarantee food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Meireles
- a LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Sílvia Faia
- a LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Efstathios Giaouris
- b Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of the Environment , University of the Aegean , Myrina , Lemnos , Greece
| | - Manuel Simões
- a LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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45
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Korany AM, Hua Z, Green T, Hanrahan I, El-Shinawy SH, El-kholy A, Hassan G, Zhu MJ. Efficacy of Ozonated Water, Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Peroxyacetic Acid Against Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm on Polystyrene Surfaces. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2296. [PMID: 30369909 PMCID: PMC6194171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes contaminated processing equipment and the general packing environment have been implicated in deadly foodborne listeriosis outbreaks, highlighting the significance of proper sanitization and disinfection of food contact surfaces. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available, economical sanitizers at practical concentrations against L. monocytogenes biofilm formed on polystyrene surfaces under different conditions. Ozonated water 1-min treatment at 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 ppm resulted in ∼0.9, 3.4, and 4.1 log reduction of L. monocytogenes single strain biofilm grown on polystyrene surfaces, respectively. However, its efficacy was dramatically diminished in multi-strain L. monocytogenes biofilm and was further compromised by aged biofilm and in the presence of organic matter. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) at 100/400 ppm, chlorine at 100/200 ppm, chlorine dioxide at 2.5/5.0 ppm and peroxyacetic acid (PAA) at 80/160 ppm resulted in 2.4/3.6, 2.0/3.1, 2.4/3.8, and 3.6/4.8 log reduction of L. monocytogenes single strain biofilm, respectively. Antimicrobial efficacies of all tested sanitizers against 7-day-old biofilm were much lower when compared to 2-day-old biofilm, with PAA being the least influenced by the age of the biofilm. Organic matter conditioning with diluted milk or apple juice dramatically impacted the antimicrobial efficacy of all sanitizers. PAA treatment of 1 min at 160-200 ppm resulted in a 3.2-3.5 log reduction against 7-day-old biofilm in the presence of organic matter, thus showing its effectiveness in eradicating L. monocytogenes biofilm on polystyrene surface. Collectively, data highlight the importance of timely and thoroughly cleaning food contact surfaces before disinfection and provides practical information and guidance for the food industry in selecting the most effective sanitizer in their sanitizing regimes to eliminate L. monocytogenes biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mahmoud Korany
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Zi Hua
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Tonia Green
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Ines Hanrahan
- Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission, Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - Saadia Helmy El-Shinawy
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Adel El-kholy
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Gamal Hassan
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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46
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Puga CH, Dahdouh E, SanJose C, Orgaz B. Listeria monocytogenes Colonizes Pseudomonas fluorescens Biofilms and Induces Matrix Over-Production. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1706. [PMID: 30108564 PMCID: PMC6080071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In food facilities, biofilms or their debris might act as helpers for attracting free floating microorganisms. In this sense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, a dense biofilm producer frequently isolated from food contact surfaces, could be a good candidate for sheltering other microorganisms, such as Listeria monocytogenes. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of L. monocytogenes to colonize pre-established Pseudomonas biofilms. For this, the movement throughout mature Pseudomonas biofilms of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) - tagged strain of L. monocytogenes was tracked for 24 h by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Moreover, in order to check the effect of the incorporation of Listeria on the overall matrix production, attached populations of both microorganisms and total biomass (cells + matrix) of the resulting biofilms were measured over time. Planktonic cells of L. monocytogenes efficiently migrated to preformed P. fluorescens biofilms. Moreover, they moved preferentially toward the bottom layers of these structures, suggesting some kind of tropism. When preformed P. fluorescens biofilms were conditioning the surfaces, the L. monocytogenes attached population was on average, 1-2 Log higher than when this organism grew on bare coupons. Furthermore, the arrival of L. monocytogenes to the already established P. fluorescens biofilms led to a matrix over-production. Indeed, biomass values [optical density (OD595nm)] of the resulting biofilms were double those of the ordinary L. monocytogenes-P. fluorescens mixed biofilms (1.40 vs. 0.6). The fact that L. monocytogenes cells accumulate in the bottom layers of preformed biofilms provides this microorganism an extra protection toward physical-chemical damages. This might partly explain why this microorganism can persist in food industry environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen H. Puga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elias Dahdouh
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen SanJose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belen Orgaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Rodríguez-López P, Rodríguez-Herrera JJ, Vázquez-Sánchez D, López Cabo M. Current Knowledge on Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms in Food-Related Environments: Incidence, Resistance to Biocides, Ecology and Biocontrol. Foods 2018; 7:E85. [PMID: 29874801 PMCID: PMC6025129 DOI: 10.3390/foods7060085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to control Listeria monocytogenes in the food industry, growing pervasiveness amongst the population over the last decades has made this bacterium considered to be one of the most hazardous foodborne pathogens. Its outstanding biocide tolerance capacity and ability to promiscuously associate with other bacterial species forming multispecies communities have permitted this microorganism to survive and persist within the industrial environment. This review is designed to give the reader an overall picture of the current state-of-the-art in L. monocytogenes sessile communities in terms of food safety and legislation, ecological aspects and biocontrol strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodríguez-López
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), 6, Eduardo Cabello, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Juan José Rodríguez-Herrera
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), 6, Eduardo Cabello, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Daniel Vázquez-Sánchez
- "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 11, Av. Pádua Dias, 13418-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marta López Cabo
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), 6, Eduardo Cabello, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
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48
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Heir E, Møretrø T, Simensen A, Langsrud S. Listeria monocytogenes strains show large variations in competitive growth in mixed culture biofilms and suspensions with bacteria from food processing environments. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 275:46-55. [PMID: 29631210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Interactions and competition between resident bacteria in food processing environments could affect their ability to survive, grow and persist in microhabitats and niches in the food industry. In this study, the competitive ability of L. monocytogenes strains grown together in separate culture mixes with other L. monocytogenes (L. mono mix), L. innocua (Listeria mix), Gram-negative bacteria (Gram- mix) and with a multigenera mix (Listeria + Gram- mix) was investigated in biofilms on stainless steel and in suspensions at 12 °C. The mixed cultures included resident bacteria from processing surfaces in meat and salmon industry represented by L. monocytogenes (n = 6), L. innocua (n = 5) and Gram-negative bacteria (n = 6; Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas fragi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia liquefaciens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia). Despite hampered in growth in mixed cultures, L. monocytogenes established in biofilms with counts at day nine between 7.3 and 9.0 log per coupon with the lowest counts in the Listeria + G- mix that was dominated by Pseudomonas. Specific L. innocua inhibited growth of L. monocytogenes strains differently; inhibition that was further enhanced by the background Gram-negative microbiota. In these multispecies and multibacteria cultures, the growth competitive effects lead to the dominance of a strong competitor L. monocytogenes strain that was only slightly inhibited by L. innocua and showed strong competitive abilities in mixed cultures with resident Gram-negative bacteria. The results indicates complex patterns of bacterial interactions and L. monocytogenes inhibition in the multibacteria cultures that only partially depend on cell contact and likely involve various antagonistic and bacterial tolerance mechanisms. The study indicates large variations among L. monocytogenes in their competitiveness under multibacterial culture conditions that should be considered in further studies towards understanding of L. monocytogenes persistence in food processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Heir
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway.
| | - Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway
| | - Andreas Simensen
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway
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