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Stajnko A, Palir N, Snoj Tratnik J, Mazej D, Sešek Briški A, Runkel AA, Horvat M, Falnoga I. Genetic susceptibility to low-level lead exposure in men: Insights from ALAD polymorphisms. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114315. [PMID: 38168581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The genetic susceptibility to low-level lead (Pb) exposure in general populations has been poorly investigated and is limited to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1800435 in the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase gene (ALAD). This study explored associations between ten selected ALAD SNPs with Pb concentrations in blood (BPb) and urine (UPb) among 281 men aged 18-49 years from Slovenia, including 20 individuals residing in a Pb-contaminated area. The geometric mean (range) of BPb and UPb were 19.6 (3.86-84.7) μg/L and 0.69 (0.09-3.82) μg/L SG, respectively. The possible genetic influence was assessed by examining SNP haplotypes, individual SNPs, and the combination of two SNPs using multiple linear regression analyses. While no significant associations were found for haplotypes, the presence of variant alleles of rs1800435 and rs1805312 resulted in an 11% and 13% decrease in BPb, respectively, while the presence of variant allele of rs1139488 (homozygous only) exhibited significant 20% increase in BPb, respectively. Additionally, variant allele of rs1800435 resulted in lower UPb. Individual SNPs in the model explained only around 1 additional percentage point of BPb variability. In contrast, combination analyses identified six combinations of two SNPs, which significantly explained 3-22 additional percentage points of BPb variability, with the highest explanatory power observed for the rs1800435-rs1139488 and rs1139488-rs1805313 combinations. Moreover, excluding participants from the Pb-contaminated area indicated that exposure level influenced SNPs-Pb associations. Our results confirm the importance of the ALAD gene in Pb kinetics even at low exposure levels. Additionally, we demonstrated that identifying individuals with specific combinations of ALAD SNPs explained a larger part of Pb variability, suggesting that these combinations, pending confirmation in other populations and further evaluation through mechanistic studies, may serve as superior susceptibility biomarker in Pb exposure compared to individual SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Stajnko
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Neža Palir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Sešek Briški
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agneta Annika Runkel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Jin T, Park EY, Kim B, Oh JK. Environmental exposure to lead and cadmium are associated with triglyceride glucose index. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2496. [PMID: 38291186 PMCID: PMC10827717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index was suggested as a novel reliable surrogate marker for insulin resistance and related cardiovascular-metabolic diseases. We aimed to evaluate the association between the TyG index and environmental exposure to lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd). A total of 9645 adults who enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2005, 2008-2013, and 2016 were included. Fasting plasma glucose and triglyceride levels were used to calculate the TyG index. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We noted an increasing trend in the TyG index with increment of blood Pb and Cd concentrations. Participants in the highest quartile of blood Pb and Cd concentrations had higher TyG index values than those in the lowest quartile, with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.32 (1.07-1.63) and 1.29 (1.04-1.59) for Pb and Cd, respectively. Strong associations between blood Pb and Cd concentrations and the TyG index were found in men. Blood Hg concentrations did not show a significant association with the TyG index. Our study suggests that public health strategies for cardiovascular-metabolic disorder prevention should be directed toward individuals exposed to priority heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyue Jin
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Lacerda D, Vergilio CDS, Pestana IA, Alvares da Silva AM, de Assis Pinheiro J, Freitas FV, Barbosa WM, Gomes de Almeida M, Vaz de Oliveira BC, de Rezende CE. Metal concentrations in the whole blood of farmers in southeast Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140199. [PMID: 37769919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we measured Ni, Co, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the whole blood of farmers from southeast Brazil to address the factors influencing human exposure in this population. The factors included smoking, alcohol consumption, aging, body composition, gender, and feeding preferences, which were measured through carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition. We also calculated and compared the reference values (RVs) of the measured elements to evaluate ongoing exposure levels. We observed the influence of lifestyle habits on metal exposure; Cd levels were statistically higher in smokers, and alcohol consumption affected only Pb concentrations, with an association also observed with the frequency of alcohol ingestion. The metal levels were positively associated with both isotope values, indicating that feeding may be the dominant source of these elements in this population. We also observed the effect of endogenous sources measured through age, as increased Pb concentrations in both genders and higher Cd levels in older women, which is related to bone, kidney, and liver accumulation. The body mass index was negatively associated with Ni, Co, and Cd in women and positively in men. The negative associations may indicate that body fat may act as a reservoir for metals, reducing their availability in the blood in individuals with higher body mass and possibly influencing the assessment of exposure levels. The evaluated population presented elevated RVs for all elements: Ni 36, Co 3.3, Cd 16, and Pb 149 μg L-1. These values point to higher exposure in this population compared to other studies in Brazil and worldwide. These results emphasize an urgent need for monitoring programs for toxic substances in Brazil and evaluating possible health effects, given the ongoing environmental exposure associated with endogenous exposure and lifestyle habits that promote higher metal levels in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lacerda
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Dos Santos Vergilio
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Inácio Abreu Pestana
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Adriana Madeira Alvares da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Julia de Assis Pinheiro
- Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Flavia Vitorino Freitas
- Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Wagner Miranda Barbosa
- Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes de Almeida
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Bráulio Cherene Vaz de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Rezende
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil
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Rooney JP, Rakete S, Heier M, Linkohr B, Schwettmann L, Peters A. Blood lead levels in 2018/2019 compared to 1987/1988 in the German population-based KORA study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114184. [PMID: 36041540 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lead exposure remains of continuing concern due to its known and suspected impacts on human health and has been designated as a priority substance for investigation in human biomonitoring studies by the EU. The aims of this study were to measure blood lead levels (BLL) in a population based cohort of middle-aged individuals without major current exposures to lead, and to compare these to historical blood lead levels obtained thirty years earlier. METHODS The population-based KORA study from 1984 to 2001 included inhabitants of the Augsburg Region, Germany. During 2018 to 2019, a subsample of these participants (KORA-Fit) was invited for interview regarding demographic and lifestyle factors, physical examination and blood withdrawal. Blood samples were stored at -80C prior to measurement of BLL via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS). Descriptive and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS BLLs were measured in 3033 eligible persons aged 54 to 73, establishing a geometric mean (GM) BLL of 24.8 μg/l in 2018/19. Of these, 555 (18%) had BLL above proposed 95th percentile reference values of the German Environment Agency. Only small differences were found in BLL stratified by sociodemographic categories, however regular smokers had higher GM BLL (26.1 μg/l) compared to never smokers (23.7 μg/l), and an increasing BLL with increased wine consumption was noted. For 556 individuals, BLLs (GM: 54.0 μg/l) reduced by 35% in men and 50% in women compared to levels in 1987/88 with only 1.4% of individuals having an unchanged or increased BLL. DISCUSSION KORA-Fit provided contemporary normative data for BLL in a Western European population without major current sources of lead exposure. Mean BLLs have fallen since the 1980s using historical BLL data which is likely linked to the ban of leaded gasoline. Nevertheless, BLLs in this population remain elevated at levels associated with morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Pk Rooney
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Institute and Clinic for Occupational-, Social- and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefan Rakete
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational-, Social- and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; KORA Study Centre, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Linkohr
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lars Schwettmann
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Economics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Markiv B, Ruiz-Azcona L, Expósito A, Santibáñez M, Fernández-Olmo I. Short- and long-term exposure to trace metal(loid)s from the production of ferromanganese alloys by personal sampling and biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4595-4618. [PMID: 35190915 PMCID: PMC8860625 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The environmental exposure to trace metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) was assessed near a ferromanganese alloy plant using filters from personal particulate matter (PM) samplers (bioaccessible and non-bioaccessible fine and coarse fractions) and whole blood as short-term exposure markers, and scalp hair and fingernails as long-term biomarkers, collected from volunteers (n = 130) living in Santander Bay (northern Spain). Bioaccessible and non-bioaccessible metal(loid) concentrations in coarse and fine PM from personal samplers were determined by ICP-MS after extraction/digestion. Metal(loid) concentration in biomarkers was measured after alkaline dilution (whole blood) and acid digestion (fingernails and scalp hair) by ICP-MS as well. Results were discussed in terms of exposure, considering the distance to the main Mn source, and sex. In terms of exposure, significant differences were found for Mn in all the studied fractions of PM, As in whole blood, Mn and Cu in scalp hair and Mn and Pb in fingernails, with all concentrations being higher for those living closer to the Mn source, with the exception of Cu in scalp hair. Furthermore, the analysis of the correlation between Mn levels in the studied biomarkers and the wind-weighted distance to the main source of Mn allows us to conclude that scalp hair and mainly fingernails are appropriate biomarkers of long-term airborne Mn exposure. This was also confirmed by the significant positive correlations between scalp hair Mn and bioaccessible Mn in coarse and fine fractions, and between fingernails Mn and all PM fractions. This implies that people living closer to a ferromanganese alloy plant are exposed to higher levels of airborne metal(loid)s, mainly Mn, leading to higher levels of this metal in scalp hair and fingernails, which according to the literature, might affect some neurological outcomes. According to sex, significant differences were observed for Fe, Cu and Pb in whole blood, with higher concentrations of Fe and Pb in males, and higher levels of Cu in females; and for Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in scalp hair, with higher concentrations in males for all metal(loid)s except Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Markiv
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| | - L Ruiz-Azcona
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - A Expósito
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - M Santibáñez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - I Fernández-Olmo
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Oleko A, Pecheux M, Saoudi A, Zeghnoun A, Hulin M, Le Barbier M, Menard C, Denys S, Fillol C. Estimation of blood lead levels in the French population using two complementary approaches: Esteban (2014-2016) as part of the human biomonitoring program and the national surveillance system for childhood lead poisoning (2015-2018). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113630. [PMID: 35679905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Used widely for centuries, lead is a common environmental pollutant. As a cumulative toxic, its presence in the body is always evidence of exposure, and health effects occur without threshold. Though regulated by European directives, lead requires close monitoring due to its environmental persistence and toxicity. METHODS The first data source was the French surveillance system for monitoring childhood lead poisoning, which records the screening results of children (-18 years), providing data on their temporal and geographical distribution, characteristics, and risk factors. The second data source was Esteban, a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014-2016 on a random sample of the French population as part of the human biomonitoring program. The Esteban lead study concerns 904 children (6-17 years) and 999 adults (18-74 years), providing data on biological samples, sociodemographic characteristics, occupational exposure, environmental and dietary factors. RESULTS The surveillance system highlighted that lead poisoning affected 10% of children screened between 2015 and 2018. The main risk factor remains housing. Esteban confirmed this observation, finding a general mean of blood lead level (BLL) at 9.9 and 18.5 μg/L for children and adults, respectively. In children, parents' occupation increased BLLs. In adults, the greatest exposure factors were smoking, age, place of residence, alcohol, bread-based products, and homegrown livestock products. In both, drinking tap water and year of housing construction increased BLLs. CONCLUSIONS The surveillance system showed a high number of children with lead poisoning despite the implementation of prevention measures, which mainly concern lead paints in old and degraded homes. To help identify children at risk, healthcare providers need to know about exposure from housing and the emerging sources identified in the Esteban survey. Despite lower BLLs, the well-known risk factors of lead exposure persist, meaning prevention efforts must continue in order to limit their impact on the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amivi Oleko
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France.
| | - Marie Pecheux
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Abdesattar Saoudi
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Zeghnoun
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Marion Hulin
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Mélina Le Barbier
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Céline Menard
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Denys
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Clémence Fillol
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
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Bramwell L, Morton J, Harding AH, Lin N, Entwistle J. Determinants of blood and saliva lead concentrations in adult gardeners on urban agricultural sites. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3493-3513. [PMID: 34622415 PMCID: PMC9522656 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil Pb concentrations at urban agriculture sites (UAS) commonly exceed recommended safe levels. There is a lack of evidence regarding uptake of Pb by gardeners using such sites for food crops. Our study aimed to elucidate whether gardening in soil with raised Pb levels results in Pb body burdens of concern to health, and to assess confounding factors influencing Pb body burden. Our cross-sectional case study measured Pb in saliva and blood of UAS gardeners (n = 43), soil and produce samples from their UAS, and home tap water. Blood and saliva Pb concentrations were compared with those from non-UAS gardener controls (n = 29). A health risk threshold of 5 µg dL-1 blood Pb level (BLL) was selected in keeping with international guidance. Detailed surveys investigated individuals' anthropometrics and potential Pb exposures from diet, and historic and everyday activities. Saliva was not found to be a suitable biomarker of adult Pb exposure in this context. Predictors of higher BLLs were being older, being male and eating more root vegetables and shrub fruit. Eating more green vegetables predicted a lower BLL, suggesting a protective effect against Pb uptake. UAS gardeners' BLLs (geometric mean 1.53; range 0.6-4.1 µg dL-1) were not significantly higher (p = 0.39) than the control group (geometric mean 1.43; range 0.7-2.9 µg dL-1). All BLLs were below 5 µg dL-1 except one resulting from occupational exposure. Having paired the UAS gardeners with closely matched controls, we found Pb in UAS soils (with range 62-1300 mg kg-1from common urban sources) unlikely to pose an additional risk to adult health compared to their neighbours who did not access UAS. As such, other Pb sources may be the dominant factor controlling BLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Bramwell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX Tyne and Wear UK
- Present Address: Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST Tyne and Wear UK
| | - Jackie Morton
- Health and Safety Executive Science and Research Centre, Buxton, SK17 9JN Derbyshire UK
| | - Anne-Helen Harding
- Health and Safety Executive Science and Research Centre, Buxton, SK17 9JN Derbyshire UK
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST Tyne and Wear UK
| | - Jane Entwistle
- Present Address: Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST Tyne and Wear UK
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Mota PJ, Alonzo HGA, André LC, Câmara VDM, Campolina D, Santos ADSE, Fróes-Asmus CIR, Peixoto SV. Prevalence of metal levels above the reference values in a municipality affected by the collapse of a mining tailings dam: Brumadinho Health Project. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 25:e220014. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220014.supl.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the prevalence of levels of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and manganese above the reference values (RV) in the population of Brumadinho, after the rupture of the mining tailings dam and to verify the factors associated with these levels. Methods: Baseline study of a prospective cohort, in a representative sample of 3,080 residents (aged 12 and over) in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. Exploratory variables (age, sex, skin color, household income, smoking and place of residence) were collected using a questionnaire and the levels of As, Cd and Hg in urine and Pb and Mn in blood were evaluated using the technique of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The distribution of prevalence of levels above the reference for metals was made, according to the exploratory variables. Multiple logistic regression analyzes were used to investigate the association between altered levels of metals and characteristics evaluated. Results: Concentrations above RV were found in 38.08% of the population for Mn, 33.37% for As, 5.04% for Pb, 0.76% for Hg and 0.17% for Cd. There was a significant association between age group and levels of Mn and Pb; and between place of residence and As level. Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence of levels above the reference for Mn, As and Pb, with small differences in relation to the other variables, suggesting that it is an exposure distributed throughout the municipality.
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Fang CW, Ning HC, Huang YC, Chiang YS, Chuang CW, Wang IK, Fan NC, Weng CH, Huang WH, Hsu CW, Yen TH. Trend in blood lead levels in Taiwanese adults 2005-2017. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260744. [PMID: 34855854 PMCID: PMC8638909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the trend of blood lead levels (BLLs) in Taiwanese adults and analyzed the variations in the BLL between Linkou (northern) and Kaohsiung (southern) hospital branches. Between 2005 and 2017, 3,804 adult participants received blood lead tests at the Linkou (n = 2,674) and Kaohsiung (n = 1,130) branches of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The geometric mean of BLL was 2.77 μg/dL. The adult participants from the Kaohsiung branch were not only age older (49.8±14.1 versus 39.4±14.2 years; P<0.001) and male predominant (65.8 versus 41.7%; P<0.001) but also showed a higher BLL (4.45±3.93 versus 2.82±2.42 μg/dL; P<0.001) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (87.62±25.94 versus 93.67±23.88; P<0.001) than those from the Linkou branch. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the Kaohsiung branch [odds ratio (OR): 7.143; 95% confident interval (CI): 5.682–8.929; P<0.001], older age (OR: 1.008; 95% CI: 1.000–1.015; P = 0.043) and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR: 1.009; 95% CI: 1.004–1.014; P = 0.001) were significant predictors for BLL > 5 μg/dL. Therefore, this study confirmed a continuous decreasing trend in the BLL in Taiwan after banning leaded petrol in 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wan Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chen Ning
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shao Chiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chia Fan
- Division of Pediatric General Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Weng
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Hsu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lv Y, Wei Y, Zhou J, Xue K, Guo Y, Liu Y, Ju A, Wu B, Zhao F, Chen C, Xiong J, Li C, Gu H, Cao Z, Ji JS, Shi X. Human biomonitoring of toxic and essential metals in younger elderly, octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians: Analysis of the Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS) in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106717. [PMID: 34153888 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metals can be either toxic or essential to health, as they play different role in oxidative stress and metabolic homeostasis during the ageing process. Population-based biomonitoring have documented levels and ranges in concentrations among general population of 0-79 years of age. In people aged 80 and above, toxic metals and essential metals may have different risk profiles, and thus need to be better studied. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to investigate concentrations of toxic metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury) and essential metals (chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, nickel and selenium) and their role in diseases, nutritional status among younger elderly, octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians. METHODS A total of 932 younger elderly, 643 octogenarians, 540 nonagenarians, 386 centenarians were included from the cross-sectional Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in 2017-2018. Blood or urine biological substrates were collected from each participant to determine the concentrations of toxic metals and essential metals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Random forest was constructed to rank the importance of toxic metals and essential metals in longevity. LASSO penalized regressions were performed to select the most significant metals associated with diseases and nutritional status, of which simultaneously included all metals and adjusted for the confounding factors. RESULTS Compared to women, we found higher biomarker concentrations in men for toxic metals (41.2 µg/L vs 34.4 µg/L for blood lead, 1.56 µg/L vs 1.19 µg/L for blood mercury) and lower concentration of essential metals (0.48 µg/L vs 0.58 µg/L for blood molybdenum, 10.0 µg/L vs 11.1 µg/L for blood manganese). These factors may contribute to gender difference observed in longevity, that women live longer than men. Blood lead and urine cadmium tended to increase with age (P <0.001); blood cobalt, molybdenum, manganese increased with age, blood selenium decreased with age while the prevalence of selenium deficiency was extremely low in centenarians. Among toxic metals and essential metals, LASSO penalized regression identified the most significant metals associated with chronic kidney disease was cadmium and arsenic; and it was manganese, cobalt, and selenium for diabetes; it was selenium, molybdenum, lead for anemia; it was mercury for underweight. In random forest model, the top four important metals in longevity were selenium, arsenic, lead and manganese both in men and women. CONCLUSIONS Generally, toxic metals levels were significantly higher while essential metals were relatively sufficient in Chinese centenarians. Toxic metals and essential metals played different role in diseases, nutritional status and longevity in the process of aging. Our research provided real world evidence of biomonitoring reference values to be used for the ongoing population health surveillance in longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xue
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanbo Guo
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Aipeng Ju
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Wu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Xiong
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Gu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojin Cao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - John S Ji
- Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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11
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Hoet P, Jacquerye C, Deumer G, Lison D, Haufroid V. Reference values of trace elements in blood and/or plasma in adults living in Belgium. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:729-742. [PMID: 33085632 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trace elements (TEs) from natural and anthropogenic sources are ubiquitous. Essential or not, their relevance for human health and disease is constantly expanding. Biological monitoring is a widely integrated tool in risk assessment both in occupational and environmental settings. However, the determination of appropriate and accurate reference values in the (specific) population is a prerequisite for a correct interpretation of biomonitoring data. This study aimed at determining the reference distribution for TEs (Al, As, Sb, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Tl, Sn, V, Zn) in the blood and/or plasma of the adult population in Belgium. METHODS Blood and plasma samples were analyzed for 178 males and 202 females, recruited according to an a priori selection procedure, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS Reference values were established with high confidence for AsT, Cd, Cu, HgT, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sn, Se, Tl and Zn. Compared to previously published data in the Belgian population, a decreasing time trend is observed for Zn, Cd and Pb. Globally, the results also indicate that the current exposure levels to TEs in the Belgian population are similar to those from other recent national surveys. CONCLUSIONS These reference values and limits obtained through validated analytical and statistical methods will be useful for future occupational and/or environmental surveys. They will contribute to decision-making concerning both public health policies but also exposure assessments on an individual scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Hoet
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Gladys Deumer
- and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Haufroid
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Brussels, Belgium.,and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Lermen D, Weber T, Göen T, Bartel-Steinbach M, Gwinner F, Mueller SC, Conrad A, Rüther M, von Briesen H, Kolossa-Gehring M. Long-term time trend of lead exposure in young German adults - Evaluation of more than 35 Years of data of the German Environmental Specimen Bank. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 231:113665. [PMID: 33221633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a ubiquitous pollutant with well-known effects on human health. As there is no lower toxicological threshold for lead in blood and since data gaps on lead exposure still exist in many European countries, HBM data on lead is of high importance. To address this, the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative HBM4EU classified lead as a priority substance. The German Environmental Specimen Bank (German ESB) has monitored lead exposure since more than 35 years. Using data from the early 1980s to 2019 we reveal and discuss long-term trends in blood lead levels (BLLs) and current internal exposure of young adults in Germany. BLLs in young adults decreased substantially in the investigated period. As results from the ESB sampling site Muenster demonstrate, the geometric mean of BLLs of young adults decreased from 1981 (78,7 μg/L) to 2019 (10.4 μg/L) by about 87%. Trends in human exposure closely correlate with air lead levels (ALLs) provided by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). Hence, the decrease of BLLs largely reflects the drop in air lead pollution. Known associations of sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and housing situation with BLLs are confirmed with data of the German ESB. Although internal lead exposure in Germany decreased substantially, the situation might be different in other European countries. Since 2010, BLLs of young adults in Germany levelled out at approximately 10 μg/L. The toxicity of lead even at low levels is known to cause adverse health effects especially in children following exposure of the child or the mother during pregnancy. To identify current exposure sources and to minimize future lead exposure, continuous monitoring of lead intake and exposure levels is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lermen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany.
| | - Till Weber
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Frederik Gwinner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Sabine C Mueller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - André Conrad
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Rüther
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
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Debebe D, Behulu F, Getaneh Z. Predicting children's blood lead levels from exposure to school drinking water in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:595-601. [PMID: 32833685 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human beings could be exposed to impacts associated with heavy metals such as lead (Pb) through drinking water. The objective of this study was to evaluate quality of water consumed by kindergarten school children in Addis Ababa city, who are highly susceptible to issues related to heavy metals in water. Through conducting chemical analysis, using microwave plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry (MP-AES), the level of lead (Pb) was measured at 38 selected schools in the city. Drinking water samples were taken from three water supply sub-systems: Akaki, Legedadi, and Gefersa. Results revealed the average Pb concentration in the city was 62.37 μg/L which is significantly higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended threshold value of 10 μg/L. The children's blood lead levels and exposure to Pb were also calculated using the integrated exposure uptake bio-kinetic (IEUBK) model as per USEPA guidelines. Estimated geometric mean blood lead levels (BLLs) for each school ranged from 4.4 to 13.2 μg/dL. On average, the model predicted that 20% of children in the city will have blood lead levels above the WHO recommended 10 μg/dL. The study can be considered as an unprecedented piece of work as it addresses critical issues and methods to mitigate problems caused by high concentration of Pb in water supply distribution infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Debebe
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia E-mail:
| | - Fiseha Behulu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia E-mail:
| | - Zerihun Getaneh
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia E-mail:
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14
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Freire C, Vrhovnik P, Fiket Ž, Salcedo-Bellido I, Echeverría R, Martín-Olmedo P, Kniewald G, Fernández MF, Arrebola JP. Adipose tissue concentrations of arsenic, nickel, lead, tin, and titanium in adults from GraMo cohort in Southern Spain: An exploratory study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137458. [PMID: 32112946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue has been acknowledged as a potential target for obesogenic pollutants, including toxic metal(loid)s. However, the presence of these chemicals in the adipose tissue has been poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE To examine the distributions of adipose tissue concentrations of five toxic metal(loid)s (i.e., arsenic [As], nickel [Ni], lead [Pb], tin [Sn], and titanium [Ti]) in adults, and potential socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with metal(loid) concentrations. METHODS The study population consisted of a subsample of 228 subjects from GraMo cohort in Southern Spain (N = 387). Adipose tissue samples were intra-operatively collected from adults recruited in 2003-2004 in two public hospitals, and concentrations of metal(loid)s in adipose tissue were analyzed in 2015 by High-Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Data on socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were obtained by baseline questionnaire completion. Linear and multinomial regression was used to identify factors associated with metal(loid) levels. RESULTS Ni, Pb, Sn, and Ti were detected in all adipose tissue samples, and As in 51% of them. Ni was the metal showing the highest median concentration (0.56 μg/g), followed by Ti (0.31 μg/g), Pb (0.08 μg/g), Sn (0.06 μg/g), and As (0.003 μg/g). Predictors of As levels included area of residence, social class, and oily fish intake; for Ni: area of residence and consumption of cheese, meat, eggs, and canned food; for Pb: vegetables intake and industrial occupation; for Sn: age, body mass index, and consumption of lean fish, eggs, and milk; and cheese intake for Ti. Some of these predictors were sex-specific, particularly those regarding dietary intake. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study provides the first evidence of the occurrence of Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti, and As in adipose tissue from adult population, and highlights the potential of this tissue as a biological matrix for studying exposure levels and chronic health effects of toxic metal(loid)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Petra Vrhovnik
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG), SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Željka Fiket
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Ruth Echeverría
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Piedad Martín-Olmedo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health, 18011 Granada, Spain.
| | - Goran Kniewald
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.
| | - Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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15
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Reference values for heavy metals in the urine and blood of Saudi women derived from two human biomonitoring studies. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 225:113473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mannetje A', Coakley J, Douwes J. Where are we at with lead? Current levels, time trend, and determinants of blood lead in New Zealand children and adults. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 225:113468. [PMID: 32007778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A national biomonitoring survey was conducted in 2014-2016, to determine current blood lead levels (BLL) in New Zealand children and adults and identify determinants of BLL. METHODS Blood samples were provided by 191 children (age 5-18) and 304 adults (age 20-65) and analysed for BLL using inductively coupled mass spectroscopy. Linear regression on log-transformed BLL was used to assess associations between BLL and demographic and lifestyle factors collected via questionnaire. RESULTS The geometric mean (GM) BLL was 0.86 μg/dl (95%CI 0.80-0.92) for children and 1.31 μg/dl (1.23-1.39) for adults, representing a 90% reduction in BLL over the past 36 years. For children, shellfish consumption was associated with 20% higher BLL. Adult BLLs were positively associated with age, beer consumption, spirits consumption, having roof water as the home's water supply, and having worked in glass manufacturing. Determinants of reduced BLL were tofu and canned food consumption. For women, menopause was associated with 34% higher BLL. CONCLUSIONS Although significant reductions in New Zealanders' BLL have been achieved in the past decades, this study identified several additional opportunities to reduce further background exposure to lead. In particular, consideration needs to be given to reducing lead levels in New Zealand roof water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea 't Mannetje
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University. PO Box 756, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan Coakley
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University. PO Box 756, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University. PO Box 756, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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Repić A, Bulat P, Antonijević B, Antunović M, Džudović J, Buha A, Bulat Z. The influence of smoking habits on cadmium and lead blood levels in the Serbian adult people. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:751-760. [PMID: 31811606 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, in 2015, the Serbian population ranked among the highest ones in Europe in terms of smoking habit: 44.3% males and 36.2% females aged 18-64 smoked tobacco. In the last 7 years, 25% of total mortality in men and 9% in women from Serbia were associated with smoking. Tobacco smoking is one of the most important sources of exposure to many toxic substances in general population. Our study confirmed higher blood levels of two toxic metals, cadmium and lead, in the blood of smokers (3.5 and 1.5 times higher than in non-smokers, respectively). Furthermore, smoking habits, such as number of smoked cigarettes per day, smoking period and cigarette type, along with age, were shown to influence these metals' blood concentration. Higher blood levels of Cd and Pb were found in smokers consuming more than 10 cigarettes per day for more than 10 years. The present study also highlighted the importance of the controlled tobacco production, since it was shown that consumption of illicit tobacco could manifold the exposure to toxic metals that can subsequently increase the frequency of related diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Repić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajović", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Bulat
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajović", Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marko Antunović
- National Poison Control Center, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Džudović
- National Poison Control Center, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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Li MM, Gao ZY, Dong CY, Wu MQ, Yan J, Cao J, Ma WJ, Wang J, Gong YL, Xu J, Cai SZ, Chen JY, Xu SQ, Tong S, Tang D, Zhang J, Yan CH. Contemporary blood lead levels of children aged 0-84 months in China: A national cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105288. [PMID: 31765862 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the global abundance of studies on children's lead (Pb) exposure, the magnitude of Pb exposure among children across China remains unclear, especially for rural areas. In 2000, Pb was removed from petrol, marking a change in the sources of Pb exposure in China. To better understand children's Pb exposure and inform potential approaches to exposure reduction, we conducted a national blood Pb survey of 31,373 children (0-84 months old) from May 2013 to March 2015, using a multi-stage and multi-strata sampling method. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were tested using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with a detection limit of 1 µg/L. The results show that Chinese children had a contemporary geometric mean (GM) BLL of 26.7 μg/L, with 8.6% of BLLs exceeding 50 µg/L. Boys had higher BLLs (GM 27.2 μg/L) compared to girls (GM: 25.9 μg/L) (p < 0.001). Children at the age of 0-36 months had a lower PbB (GM 25.7 μg/L) level compared with those aged 36-84 months (GM 27.9 μg/L) (p < 0.001). When taking into account sociodemographic factors, a multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that the odds ratios (OR) of having a BLL of 27 µg/dL (i.e., median BLL of this study) or higher were 1.88 (95% CI: 1.76, 2.02) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.49) for homes using coal and biomass fuels, respectively, compared to those using gas or electricity. Meanwhile, children in homes close to roads were more likely to have BLLs exceeding 27 µg/dL (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.20). In China, rural children had higher BLLs compared to urban children. As a result of pediatric exposure to Pb, there were approximately 144 million and 36 million IQ points lost for rural children and urban children, respectively, revealing a disparity of Pb exposure between rural and urban areas in China. Cleaner domestic fuels and improved cooking/heating equipment will reduce contemporary Pb exposure in rural areas. In addition, the association between contemporary BLLs and distance away from roads further suggests that resuspension of legacy soil/dust Pb should not be neglected in future remediation programs and household interventions. As a large scale survey, this study provides evidence for revising the reference value of BLL, improving the guideline for clinical and public health management, and implementing interventions to prevent adverse health outcomes associated with low-level Pb exposure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ming Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Children's Health Department, Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yan Gao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Chen-Yin Dong
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Mei-Qin Wu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jin Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jia Cao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Ma
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ju Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ying-Liang Gong
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shi-Zhong Cai
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Shun-Qing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Shilu Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Pudong, Shanghai 200127, PR China; Institute of Environment and Population Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, 4056 QLD, Australia
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chong-Huai Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Son BC, Lee CK, Suh CH, Kim KH, Kim JH, Jeong SU, Kim DH, Ryu JY, Lee SW, Kim SJ, Kwon YM, Park YB. Blood lead concentration and exposure related factors in Korea from the National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) II (2012-2014). JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2019; 16:763-774. [PMID: 31613717 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2019.1668000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated lead concentrations in blood and related factors among the South Korean population based on data from the Korea National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) II (2012-2014) conducted by the National Institute of Environmental Research and the Ministry of Environment. Personal data were obtained from non-institutionalized civilian Korean individuals in an interview with trained community surveyors using a structured questionnaire (n = 6,455, aged 19 or older, mean age 49.7 years). The lead concentrations in whole blood were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) with a Zeeman-effect-based background corrector. The precision and accuracy of the analytical methods were verified by internal and external quality controls (G-EQUAS, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed using weighted KoNEHS II data separated by sex, and the lead concentration was expressed as a geometric mean (GM). Multiple linear regression was performed using the SPSS 23.0 software package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The total GM of lead concentrations was 19.5 µg/L. Lead concentrations increased with age and were higher in males (22.8 µg/L) than in females (16.6 µg/L). Smokers and drinkers had higher concentrations than non-smokers and non-drinkers of both sexes. People who used herbal medications had higher concentrations than those who did not among females. People of both sexes living in rural areas had higher lead concentrations than those in urban areas. Lead concentrations also varied with educational level, total family income, the type of water regularly consumed, and occupation. The average lead concentration of the general adult population in Korea has rapidly decreased over time from 45.8 µg/L (1999) to 19.45 µg/L (2012-2014); however, it remains higher than that of the United States, Germany, and Canada. The factors significantly related to lead concentration in South Korea were age, sex, smoking and alcohol drinking status, herbal medication usage by females, residential area, drinking water at home, and occupation. These factors could be used to improve occupational and environmental hygiene among the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Son
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chae Kwan Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chun Hui Suh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kun Hyung Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jeong Ho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seong Uook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ji Young Ryu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Soo-Woong Lee
- Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea (the Republic of)
- Innovative Therapeutics Research Institute, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Sue Jin Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Inchon, South Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Inchon, South Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yeong Beom Park
- Department of Food Processing and Bakery, Gangwon Provincial College, Gangnung, South Korea (the Republic of)
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20
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Stojsavljević A, Rovčanin B, Krstić Đ, Borković-Mitić S, Paunović I, Kodranov I, Gavrović-Jankulović M, Manojlović D. Evaluation of trace metals in thyroid tissues: Comparative analysis with benign and malignant thyroid diseases. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109479. [PMID: 31365889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of trace metals at level of solid tissue can provide better information than blood or urine and, therefore, could highlight the role of metals in the etiology of organ-specific disease. The current study aimed to establish the baseline content of four essential (Mn, Cu, Zn, Se) and four toxic metals (As, Cd, Pb, U) in the healthy thyroid tissues (HTTs) by considering sex, age and smoking habits. A further aim was to examine whether differences in the content of metals exist in regard to the thyroid diseases, such as benign tumor (BT), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), multinodular goiter (MNG) and thyroid cancer (TC). A total number of investigated tissue samples were 423. All metals were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was found that the content of Cu and U was higher in HTTs of women, while the content of Zn was higher in HTTs of men. Increased content of Zn and decreased content of U was found in the group of HTTs above 50 years compared to a younger group (<50 years). Increased content of Cd, Pb and U distinguish smokers from the non-smokers. In comparison with other population groups worldwide, investigated Serbian population had up to 15 times reduced content of Se. Despite the difference in metal's profile according to biological variables, this study also demonstrated, for the first time, that each thyroid disease has its unique metal's profile. The most altered metal's content was found in tissues with HT. Contrarily, the greatest similarity in metal's content with HTTs was found in BT tissues. Based on the increased content, metal's that dominantly discriminated HTTs from the HT, MNG and TC was As, Pb and Cd, respectively. Reported results could highlight the role of toxic and essential trace metals in the not very well clarified etiology of thyroid diseases and, moreover, could provide a molecular basis for pathophysiological changes of metal's hazardous effects on thyroid health at the tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Branislav Rovčanin
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotića 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đurđa Krstić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Borković-Mitić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
| | - Ivan Paunović
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotića 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Kodranov
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dragan Manojlović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Lenin Prospect 76, 454080, Russia
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21
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Bocca B, Ruggieri F, Pino A, Rovira J, Calamandrei G, Martínez MÁ, Domingo JL, Alimonti A, Schuhmacher M. Human biomonitoring to evaluate exposure to toxic and essential trace elements during pregnancy. Part A. concentrations in maternal blood, urine and cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108599. [PMID: 31374401 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to toxic elements or deficiencies of essential elements during pregnancy may be associated to various birth complications or even diseases in early life. The aim of this paper was to assess the concentrations of selected toxic (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb) and essential trace elements (Co, Cu, Mn, Se and Zn) in blood and urine samples of delivering women at different periods of gestation and cord blood, as well as to evaluate the placental permeability for these elements. A total of 53 women participating in the HEALS-EXHES study were enrolled. In particular, 48 blood samples from 1st trimester of pregnancy, 40 blood samples at delivery, and 31 cord blood at delivery were collected. Moreover, mothers' urine were sampled at the 1st (53 samples), 2nd (53 samples) and 3rd trimester (49 samples) of pregnancy. Results showed that Hg and Mn levels in cord blood were about 2.0 times higher than in maternal blood, suggesting that these elements may be transferred from mother to fetus. The cord blood levels of As and Pb were lower (ca. the 65%) than those in maternal blood, showing that the placenta modulates the rate of transfer for these elements. Essential elements as Cu and Zn showed significantly lower levels in cord than in maternal blood suggesting that the transplacental transfer of these nutrients was very limited. In addition, correlation between paired maternal and cord blood samples for As, Hg and Pb was statistically significant indicating that the fetal body burden may reflect the maternal exposure. Cadmium, Co, Cr, Ni and Se levels did not show significant correlations between maternal and cord blood. Maternal urinary concentrations of trace elements, including As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Se and Zn decreased along pregnancy, which may cause variations in fetal exposure. The levels of toxic and essential elements in maternal blood and urine, as well as in cord blood, were for most elements at the lower end of the ranges found in the scientific literature not being of special concern for pregnant women and the unborn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Pino
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament D'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament D'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament D'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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22
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Almeida Lopes ACBD, Martins AC, Urbano MR, Buzzo ML, Camargo AEI, Peixe TS, Aschner M, Barbosa F, Silva AMR, Paoliello MMB. Blood reference values for metals in a general adult population in southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108646. [PMID: 31446091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Bertin de Almeida Lopes
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, CEP 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Airton Cunha Martins
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Mariana Ragassi Urbano
- Department of Statistics, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, s/no, Campus Universitário, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Liane Buzzo
- Inorganic Contaminants Department, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 355, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alissana Ester Iakmiu Camargo
- Center of Health Sciences, Pitagoras Unopar University, Avenida Paris, 675, Jardim Piza, CEP 86083-070 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Severo Peixe
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Science, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, CEP 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Rigo Silva
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, CEP 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Monica Maria Bastos Paoliello
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, CEP 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, New York, USA.
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23
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Stojsavljević A, Borković-Mitić S, Vujotić L, Grujičić D, Gavrović-Jankulović M, Manojlović D. The human biomonitoring study in Serbia: Background levels for arsenic, cadmium, lead, thorium and uranium in the whole blood of adult Serbian population. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:402-409. [PMID: 30469025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish reference values (RVs) for the occupationally- and environmentally-important toxic elements in the whole blood of adult Serbian population for the first time. Contaminated drinking water with arsenic, high share of smokers in the country, removing tetraethyl lead from the gasoline and war attack at the end of the twentieth century were some of the reasons to provide background information for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) in the blood of the Serbian population. The whole blood samples were collected from the healthy respondents living in the Belgrade and surrounding areas of the capital (n = 305; w/m ratio = 154/151; mean age: 41 ± 2). The concentrations of toxic metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Reference values were estimated as the lower limit (LL) and upper limit (UL) of the 95% confidence interval (CI), together with the selected percentiles (P2.5-P97.5). The obtained geometric mean (GM) for As, Cd, Pb, Th, and U were: 0.50 ng/g, 0.32 ng/g, 20.94 ng/g, 0.30 ng/g, and 0.06 ng/g, respectively. The influences of age, sex and lifestyle on results were considered. Women have significantly higher levels of Cd and Th than men. The increased level of Th was observed in the aged group below 40 years, while smokers had significantly higher levels of Pb and double higher level of Cd in the blood than non-smokers (p < 0.05). In comparison with other population groups worldwide, the Serbian population had significantly higher levels of Th and U (up to 100 times higher). These findings could contribute to better understanding of the molecular basis for the development of various health hazards, including the increased incidence of cancer among the Serbian population which need be confirmed by clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Slavica Borković-Mitić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Vujotić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinical Center of Serbia, Neurosurgery Division, Dr Koste Torodorića 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Grujičić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinical Center of Serbia, Neurosurgery Division, Dr Koste Torodorića 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dragan Manojlović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; South Ural State University, Lenin prospect 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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24
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Arrebola JP, Ramos JJ, Bartolomé M, Esteban M, Huetos O, Cañas AI, López-Herranz A, Calvo E, Pérez-Gómez B, Castaño A. Associations of multiple exposures to persistent toxic substances with the risk of hyperuricemia and subclinical uric acid levels in BIOAMBIENT.ES study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:512-521. [PMID: 30622076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is becoming a serious public health issue, which is highly influenced by environmental factors, although there is still controversial information on the potential influence of the exposure to Persistent Toxic Substances (PTSs) in the general population. In this study we aimed to assess the association. PTS exposure with uric acid homeostasis in a sample of the Spanish population. Participants were recruited during 2009-2010 in all the main geographical areas of Spain. Exposure to 34 PTSs was estimated by chemical analyses of serum levels of 6 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs, n = 950), 13 Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs, n = 453), 6 Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAs, n = 755), 7 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs, n = 365), urinary Cadmium (n = 926), and Lead in whole blood (n = 882). The two study outcomes were defined as the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the study population and uric acid levels, the latter only in individuals with no previous diagnosis of hyperuricemia. Statistical analyses were performed by means of binomial logistic regression and linear regression, and mixture effects were screened using Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQS). Serum concentrations of γ-HCH, o,p´-DDE, PCB-138, PCB-153, PFOA, and urinary Cadmium were associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia, while PBDE-153 showed an inverse association with the effect. Furthermore, exposure to Cadmium, PCB-138, and to PCB-153 was positively associated with uric acid levels. Results were consistent after lipid adjustment or standardization. WQS analyses revealed a major contribution of PCB-153 within the PCB mixture on both the risk of hyperuricemia and uric acid levels. Sensitivity analyses were performed by adjusting for dietary habits, fasting glucose and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Overall, we found novel associations between human exposure to mixtures of PTSs and disturbances in uric acid homeostasis. However, we cannot completely rule out potential residual confounding effect or reversed-causality related to the cross-sectional design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Oncology Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Bartolomé
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Huetos
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Cañas
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana López-Herranz
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Calvo
- Ibermutuamur, Ramirez de Arellano 27, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Argelia Castaño
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Bede-Ojimadu O, Amadi CN, Orisakwe OE. Blood Lead Levels in Women of Child-Bearing Age in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2018; 6:367. [PMID: 30619808 PMCID: PMC6305709 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reported available studies on blood lead level of childbearing age in Sub-Saharan African women. PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched for original articles reporting blood lead levels of women of childbearing age in Sub-Saharan Africa. Searches were not limited to year of study but limited to studies published in English Language. Data were extracted and synthesized by estimating the weighted mean of the reported blood lead levels. Fifteen papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Mean blood lead levels of women in the studies ranged from 0.83 to 99 μg/dl. The overall weighted mean of blood lead levels was 24.73 μg/dl. The weighted mean from analyses of data on blood lead levels of pregnant women alone was 26.24 μg/dl. Identified sources of lead exposure included lead mine, informal lead-acid battery recycling, leaded gasoline and piped water. Elevated BLLs were associated with incidence of preeclampsia, hypertension, and malaria. Important contributing factors for elevated blood lead levels (BLL) in these women include poverty, high environmental lead burden, low awareness on lead exposure hazards and lack of regulation for lead in consumer products. BLLs of women of childbearing age in SSA are unacceptably high. There is need therefore, for aggressive programs to address lead exposure in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinyechi Bede-Ojimadu
- Department of Chemical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
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Henríquez-Hernández LA, González-Antuña A, Boada LD, Carranza C, Pérez-Arellano JL, Almeida-González M, Camacho M, Zumbado M, Fernández-Fuertes F, Tapia-Martín M, Luzardo OP. Pattern of blood concentrations of 47 elements in two populations from the same geographical area but with different geological origin and lifestyles: Canary Islands (Spain) vs. Morocco. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:709-716. [PMID: 29727838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Canary Islands are one of the outermost regions of the European Union (EU), which are located barely 100 km from the coasts of Morocco. Although these islands are located in Africa, the degree of socioeconomic development and lifestyle in this archipelago is comparable to that of any other region of Europe. It is well established that the main determinants of human exposure to elements have to do both, with their place of residence and with habits related to their lifestyle. For this reason, we wanted to study the pattern of contamination by elements of these two populations so geographically close, but so different both in their lifestyle, and the geological origin of the territory where they live. Thus, we have determined the blood concentrations of 47 elements (including 25 rare earth elements (REE) and other minority elements (ME) widely employed in the hi-tech industry) in a paired sample of Moroccans (n = 124) and Canary Islands inhabitants (n = 120). We found that the levels of iron, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, strontium, and specially lead, were significantly higher in Moroccans than in Canarians, probably due to the intensive mining activity in this country. We also found significantly higher levels of the sum of REE and ME in Moroccans than in Canarians, possibly related to the inappropriate management of e-waste in this country. On the other hand, in the inhabitants of the Canary Islands we found higher levels of manganese, probably related to a higher degree of exposure to heavy traffic and exposure to Saharan dust of the people living in this region, and niobium and bismuth, probably related to the higher economic development in these islands. Our results indicate that the vicinity of both territories is not a major determinant of each other's contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Ana González-Antuña
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Cristina Carranza
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Medical Sciences and Surgery Department, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez-Arellano
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Medical Sciences and Surgery Department, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maira Almeida-González
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Tapia-Martín
- Haematology Service, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
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Arrebola JP, Castaño A, Esteban M, Bartolomé M, Pérez-Gómez B, Ramos JJ. Differential contribution of animal and vegetable food items on persistent organic pollutant serum concentrations in Spanish adults. Data from BIOAMBIENT.ES project. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:235-242. [PMID: 29627546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Diet is considered the main source of Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exposure in the general population, although there are still several gaps of knowledge regarding the differential contribution of main food groups. The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns that contribute to human exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs). Study population (n=1880, 18-65years old) was recruited during 2009-2010 in all the main geographical areas of Spain. For this work, exposure was estimated by chemical analyses of serum levels of 6 PCBs (n=1880), 13 OCPs (n=934), and 6 (PFASs) in a subsample of 755 (n=755). Dietary habits and covariates were gathered via self-administered questionnaires. Data analyses were performed by means of multivariable linear regression and weighted quantile sum regression. Both the consumption of animal-based and plant-based food were positively associated with the individual concentrations of p,p´-DDE, hexachlorobenzene, and PCB-congeners -138, -153, and-180. The contribution of animal-based products was 2.1-4.0× stronger except in p,p´-DDE, to which both patterns had similar contributions. In PFASs only animal food was positively associated with the exposure levels. The main animal-based contributors to PCB exposure were fish (49-64%) and eggs (19-36%), while OCP concentrations were mainly influenced by dairy products (32-48%) and fish (47-48%). PFOA and PFHxS were mainly explained by cold-meat (34-37%), fish (25-26%), and eggs (19-21%), while PFOS and PFDA were primarily influenced by fish consumption (44-77%). In the case of plant-based items, fruits (25-82%) and vegetables (18-63%) accounted for the majority of the variability of PCB and OCP concentrations. Our results highlight the relevance of dietary POP exposure as well as the need for the consideration of nutritional interventions in public health programs aiming to reduce POP exposure in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; Oncology Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Argelia Castaño
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Bartolomé
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Bartolomé M, Gallego-Picó A, Cutanda F, Huetos O, Esteban M, Pérez-Gómez B, Castaño A. Perfluorinated alkyl substances in Spanish adults: Geographical distribution and determinants of exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017. [PMID: 28633112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely found in humans and the environment. Their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity make them a source of increasing public health concern. In this study, we analyzed the concentrations and geographical distribution of six PFAS in the serum of 755 Spanish adults aged 18-65. The geometric mean concentrations (and P95 values) for PFOS (perfluoroctane sulfonate), PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid), PFHxS (perfluorohexane sulfonate), PFNA (perfluorononanoic acid) and PFDA (perfluorodecanoic acid) were 7.67 (19.3), 1.99 (5.48), 0.91 (2.84), 0.96 (2.44) and 0.42 (0.99) μg/L, respectively. N-Methylperfluorooctane sulfonamide (N-MeFOSAA) was detected in only 3.3% of samples. Residents in northeast (Catalonia) and northwest of Spain (Galicia) were found to have the highest serum values, whereas residents in the Canary Islands had the lowest values for almost all PFAS. Men presented higher levels than women, and we confirm that lactation (breastfeeding) contributes to a reduced body burden for all PFAS in women. Our data provide new information on exposure to PFAS in a national cross section sample of Spanish adults, thus providing a proxy for reference values for the Spanish population and forming the base for following temporal trends in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Bartolomé
- Environmental Toxicology, National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandrina Gallego-Picó
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Distance Education (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Cutanda
- Environmental Toxicology, National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Huetos
- Environmental Toxicology, National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban
- Environmental Toxicology, National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- National Center for Epidemiology & CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado, 6, Madrid, Spain
| | - Argelia Castaño
- Environmental Toxicology, National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Takeda SHK, Kuno R, Barbosa F, Gouveia N. Trace element levels in blood and associated factors in adults living in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 44:307-314. [PMID: 28965592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated blood arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) levels in a group of residents (n=374) in the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP) and investigated the association between trace element levels in blood and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Trace elements were measured in specimens by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Geometric means were 3.6μg/L, 0.13μg/L, 23.9μg/L, 1.4μg/L, 999μg/L, and 12.5μg/L for As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, and Mn, respectively. As, Pb and Hg levels were associated with education level. Men presented higher blood lead levels (PbB) and lower blood copper levels (CuB) than women. Fish consumption was primarily related to increased blood Hg levels (HgB). Smokers exhibited 1.8 times more blood cadmium levels (CdB) than non-smokers. Only 4% of the study samples exceeded the Pb reference values for the MASP population, and 12% had Hg levels higher than the German HBM-I value (5μg/L for adults).The study group showed slightly higher exposure to As, Hg and Mn and lower Cd than those of European and North American studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Harue Kimura Takeda
- São Paulo State Environmental Agency, CETESB, Av. Professor Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, CEP 05459-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rúbia Kuno
- São Paulo State Environmental Agency, CETESB, Av. Professor Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, CEP 05459-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, CEP 14049-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Gouveia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, CEP 01246903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Xing R, Li Y, Zhang B, Li H, Liao X. Indicative and complementary effects of human biological indicators for heavy metal exposure assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:1031-1043. [PMID: 27599975 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although human biological indicators have been widely utilized for biomonitoring environmental pollutants in health exposure assessment, the relationship between internal and external exposure has not yet been adequately established. In this study, we collected and analyzed 61 rice, 56 pepper, and 58 soil samples, together with 107 hair, 107 blood, and 107 urine samples from residents living in selected intensive mining areas in China. Concentrations of most of the four elements considered (Pb, Cd, Hg, and Se) exceeded national standards, implying high exposure risk in the study areas. Regression analysis also revealed a correlation (0.33, P < 0.001) between the concentration of Pb in soil and that in human hair (as well as in human blood); to some extent, Pb content in hair and blood could therefore be used to characterize external Pb exposure. The correlation between Hg in rice and in human hair (up to 0.5, P < 0.001) further confirmed a significant indicative effect of human hair for Hg exposure. A significant correlation was also noted between concentrations of some elements in different human samples, for example, between Hg in hair and blood (0.641, P < 0.01) and between Cd in urine and blood (0.339, P < 0.01). To some extent, there could thus be mutual reflectance of the same heavy metal in different samples, with the possibility for complementary use in assessing heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiya Xing
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing, China.
| | - Biao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hairong Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing, China
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31
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Lee S, Shin M, Hong YC, Kim JH. Temporal variability of blood lead, mercury, and cadmium levels in elderly panel study (2008–2014). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:407-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Nisse C, Tagne-Fotso R, Howsam M, Richeval C, Labat L, Leroyer A. Blood and urinary levels of metals and metalloids in the general adult population of Northern France: The IMEPOGE study, 2008–2010. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:341-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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33
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Organochlorinated pesticides levels in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population: The Bioambient.es project. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:217-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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34
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Saravanabhavan G, Werry K, Walker M, Haines D, Malowany M, Khoury C. Human biomonitoring reference values for metals and trace elements in blood and urine derived from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007–2013. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:189-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Zanjani SY, Eskandari MR, Kamali K, Mohseni M. The effect of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis) on the accumulation of lead in rat brains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1700-1705. [PMID: 27796979 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a toxic metal present in different concentrations in a wide variety of food products. Exposure to lead, even to low levels, causes acute and chronic toxicities. Lead can cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the nervous system. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when used in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Although a recent study demonstrated that the studied bacteria have a protective effect against acute lead toxicity, no research has been found that shows the long-term impact of these bacteria in vivo. The current study surveyed the protective effects of two species of probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, that are most widely used in many functional foods against oral lead exposure (4 weeks) in rat brains. The results revealed that, at the end of the second week of chronic exposure to lead and probiotic bacteria, the lowest level of lead belonged to the Lactobacillus group. At the end of the fourth week, the lowest amount of lead was related to the group receiving both types of probiotics. With the physiological benefits of probiotic consumption, the bacterial solution in this study did not show high efficacy in reducing brain lead concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Yahyavi Zanjani
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eskandari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehran Mohseni
- Department of Food and Drug Control, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran.
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36
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Identification of exposure to environmental chemicals in children and older adults using human biomonitoring data sorted by age: Results from a literature review. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 220:282-298. [PMID: 28159478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring (HBM) provides the tools for exposure assessment by direct measurements of biological specimens such as blood and urine. HBM can identify new chemical exposures, trends and changes in exposure, establish distribution of exposure among the general population, and identify vulnerable groups and populations with distinct exposures such as children and older adults. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the use of HBM to identify environmental chemicals that might be of concern for children or older adults due to higher body burden. To do so, an extensive literature search was performed, and using a set of defined criteria, ten large-scale, cross-sectional national HBM programs were selected for data review and evaluation. A comparative analysis of the age-stratified data from these programs and other relevant HBM studies indicated twelve chemicals/classes of chemicals with potentially higher body burden in children or older adults. Children appear to have higher body burden of bisphenol A (BPA), some phytoestrogens, perchlorate, and some metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene. On the other hand, older adults appear to have higher body burden of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides. For perfluoroalkyl substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, parabens, and phthalates, both children and older adults have higher body burden depending on the specific biomarkers analyzed, and this might be due to the exposure period and/or sources from different countries. Published data from the DEMOCOPHES project (a pilot study to harmonize HBM efforts across Europe) also showed elevated exposures to BPA and some phthalate metabolites in children across several European countries. In summary, age-stratified HBM data can provide useful knowledge of identifying environmental chemicals that might be of concern for children and older adults, which, combined with additional efforts to identify potential sources of exposure, could assist policy makers in prioritizing their actions in order to reduce chemical exposure and potential risks of adverse health effects.
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Waseem A, Arshad J. A review of Human Biomonitoring studies of trace elements in Pakistan. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:153-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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38
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López-Herranz A, Cutanda F, Esteban M, Pollán M, Calvo E, Pérez-Gómez B, Victoria Cortes M, Castaño A. Cadmium levels in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population: The BIOAMBIENT.ES project. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016; 26:471-480. [PMID: 25899448 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Urinary cadmium levels (U-Cd) were measured in 1770 adults (aged 18-65 years) as a representative sample of the Spanish workforce. The geometric mean (GM) was 0.28 μg/l with 95% CI: 0.27-0.32 μg/l (GM: 0.20 μg/g 95% CI: 0.18-022 μg/g creatinine). The 95% percentile was 1.03 μg/l. U-Cd increased with age, with women showing higher U-Cd than men (p<0.001; 0.24 μg/g vs 0.17 μg/g). A multivariate analysis confirmed that sex, age and smoking habit significantly influence U-Cd. Smoking habit increases U-Cd by ∼90% per 10 years of age, almost twice the increase observed for non-smoking. Female smokers had 85% higher U-Cd than non-smokers, whereas the corresponding value for male smokers and non-smokers was 45%. No regional differences were observed with respect to the national reference level. The Spanish population studied here exhibits similar urinary cadmium levels to its European counterparts in Germany and slightly lower levels than in France, the Czech Republic, Italy and the United Kingdom. This paper provides the first baseline information concerning cadmium exposure in the Spanish adult population on a national scale. As such, these findings will help us to establish reference levels, follow temporal trends and identify high-exposure groups, thereby enabling comparisons with other countries and contributing to the improvement of public health and environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana López-Herranz
- Environmental Toxicology, National Centre for Environmental Health (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Cutanda
- Environmental Toxicology, National Centre for Environmental Health (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban
- Environmental Toxicology, National Centre for Environmental Health (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Calvo
- Ibermutuamur, Ramirez de Arellano 4, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Argelia Castaño
- Environmental Toxicology, National Centre for Environmental Health (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Eid A, Zawia N. Consequences of lead exposure, and it’s emerging role as an epigenetic modifier in the aging brain. Neurotoxicology 2016; 56:254-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tagne-Fotso R, Leroyer A, Howsam M, Dehon B, Richeval C, Nisse C. Current sources of lead exposure and their relative contributions to the blood lead levels in the general adult population of Northern France: The IMEPOGE Study, 2008-2010. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:245-265. [PMID: 27074096 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1149131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is justification for limiting lead (Pb) exposure as much as possible, given its impact on health at low concentrations. Consequently, the aim of this study was to measure blood lead levels (BLL) and examine exposure factors related to BLL variations in the general adult population of northern France, a current and past industrial area. Two thousand inhabitants of northern France, aged between 20 and 59 years, were recruited using the quota method with caution. Blood lead levels were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and variation factors were studied separately in men and women using multivariate stepwise linear and logistic regression models. The geometric mean of the BLL was 18.8 μg/L (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.3-19.3). Occupational factors affected BLL only in men and represented 14% of total explained variance of BLL. External occupational factors significantly increasing mean levels of BLL were tobacco, consumption of some beverages (wine, coffee, tea, and/or tap water), raw vegetables, housing characteristics (built prior to 1948, Pb piping in the home) and do-it-yourself or leisure activities (paint stripping or rifle shooting). Consumption habits accounted together for 25% and 18% of the total explained variance, respectively, in men and women. Industrial environment did not significantly contribute to BLL variations. Blood lead levels observed in the general population of this industrial part of France did not appear to be excessively elevated compared to values found internationally. Nonetheless, these BLL remain a public health issue in regard to nonthreshold toxicity attributed to Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Tagne-Fotso
- a Univ. Lille, EA 4483 -IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine , Département Universitaire de Médecine et Santé au Travail , Lille , France
| | - Ariane Leroyer
- a Univ. Lille, EA 4483 -IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine , Département Universitaire de Médecine et Santé au Travail , Lille , France
- b CHU Lille, Pôle de Santé Publique , Lille , France
| | - Mike Howsam
- c Univ. Lille, Centre Universitaire de Mesures et d'Analyses , Lille , France
| | - Betty Dehon
- d CHU Lille , Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Génopathies , Lille , France
| | - Camille Richeval
- d CHU Lille , Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Génopathies , Lille , France
| | - Catherine Nisse
- a Univ. Lille, EA 4483 -IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine , Département Universitaire de Médecine et Santé au Travail , Lille , France
- b CHU Lille, Pôle de Santé Publique , Lille , France
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Outzen M, Tjønneland A, Larsen EH, Hansen M, Andersen KK, Christensen J, Overvad K, Olsen A. Effect of increased intake of fish and mussels on exposure to toxic trace elements in a healthy, middle-aged population. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1858-66. [PMID: 26284299 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1072878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fish and shellfish are rich in essential nutrients, but are also a source of exposure to environmental contaminants. We aimed to investigate the effect of increased fish and mussel intake on mercury, arsenic, lead and cadmium blood concentrations. We randomly assigned 102 healthy men and women (all non-smokers) aged 48-76 years to an intervention group (n = 51) or a control group (n = 51). Intervention participants received a high amount of fish and mussels for 26 weeks (1 kg week(-1)). Controls received no intervention and were expected to eat less than 300 g of fish and mussels per week. Whole-blood concentrations of mercury, arsenic, lead and cadmium were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. All available observations were included in linear multiple regression analysis to evaluate the effect of the intervention. The difference in mean change for intervention compared with control persons was 5.1 ng ml(-1) (95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.4, 5.8) for mercury, 7.1 ng ml(-1) (95% CI = 5.0, 9.2) for arsenic, and 2.6 ng ml(-1) (95% CI = 0.0, 5.2) for lead. For cadmium, the majority (65%) of the measured concentrations were below the limit of detection of 0.4 ng ml(-1), and the results are therefore not presented. In conclusion, whole-blood concentrations of mercury, arsenic and lead were significantly increased after 26 weeks intervention in this healthy, middle-aged population. The concentrations were not of health concern in this population, except for lead. For lead both the baseline and the post-intervention concentrations were high and exceeded the tolerable concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Outzen
- a Diet, Genes, and Environment , Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- a Diet, Genes, and Environment , Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Erik H Larsen
- b Division of Food Chemistry , National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg , Denmark
| | - Max Hansen
- c Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment , National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg , Denmark
| | - Klaus K Andersen
- d Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry , Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jane Christensen
- d Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry , Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- e Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,f Department of Cardiology , Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- a Diet, Genes, and Environment , Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Černá M, Malý M, Rudnai P, Középesy S, Náray M, Halzlová K, Jajcaj M, Grafnetterová A, Krsková A, Antošová D, Forysová K, Den Hond E, Schoeters G, Joas R, Casteleyn L, Joas A, Biot P, Aerts D, Angerer J, Bloemen L, Castaño A, Esteban M, Koch HM, Kolossa-Gehring M, Gutleb AC, Pavloušková J, Vrbík K. Case study: Possible differences in phthalates exposure among the Czech, Hungarian, and Slovak populations identified based on the DEMOCOPHES pilot study results. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 141:118-124. [PMID: 25532669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phthalates and their metabolites are classified as endocrine modulators. They affect the hormonal balance in both children and adults. The aim of this publication was to compare the urinary levels of phthalate metabolites in selected populations of the Czech Republic (CZ), Slovakia (SK), and Hungary (HU) in relation to the sources of phthalate exposure identified by means of questionnaire (personal care products, floor and wall coverings, plastic toys, and some kinds of foods). METHODS Data were obtained through the twin projects COPHES (COnsortium to Perform Human biomonitoring on a European Scale) and DEMOCOPHES (DEMOnstration of a study to COordinate and Perform Human biomonitoring on a European Scale) from 2009 to 2012. The target groups were children aged 6-11 years old and their mothers up to 45 years of age. The metabolites of phthalates (monomethyl phthalate (MMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-cyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (5OH-MEHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (5OXO-MEHP)) were analysed in first morning urine samples. After enzymatic glucuronide cleavage, the urine sample analyses were performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) in one laboratory that qualified in the External Quality Assessment exercises organised by COPHES. RESULTS Significant differences in phthalate exposure between countries were revealed for children only but not for mothers. The concentrations of 5-OH-MEHP (P<0.001), 5OXO-MEHP (P<0.001), and their sum (P<0.001) were the highest in SK compared to CZ and HU. The health based guidance values for the sum of DEHP metabolites 5-OH MEHP and 5OXO-MEHP established by the German Commission for biomonitoring of 300 µg/L and 500 µg/L for women adults and children, respectively, were only exceeded in one mother and three boys. A significant difference was also found for MEP (P=0.0149), with the highest concentrations detected in HU. In all countries, the increasing frequency of using personal care products significantly elevated the concentrations of MEP. CONCLUSION Some differences were observed between countries in the concentrations of individual urinary phthalate metabolites in children. However, the questionnaire results give no direct explanation for the differences between the countries except the variation in using personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Černá
- National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 10 100 42, Czech Republic; Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Malý
- National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 10 100 42, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Rudnai
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Miklós Náray
- National Labour Office, Department for Occupational Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katarina Halzlová
- Authority of Public Health of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Jajcaj
- Authority of Public Health of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Grafnetterová
- National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 10 100 42, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Krsková
- National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 10 100 42, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Antošová
- National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 10 100 42, Czech Republic
| | | | - Elly Den Hond
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Environmental Risk and Health, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO, Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Biot
- Federal Public Service Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment-DG Environment, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Aerts
- Federal Public Service Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment-DG Environment, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Angerer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance-Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Germany
| | - Louis Bloemen
- Environmental Health Sciences International, Hulst, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance-Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Germany
| | | | - Arno C Gutleb
- Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jana Pavloušková
- National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 10 100 42, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vrbík
- National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 10 100 42, Czech Republic
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Choi J, Aarøe Mørck T, Polcher A, Knudsen LE, Joas A. Review of the state of the art of human biomonitoring for chemical substances and its application to human exposure assessment for food safety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.en-724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judy Choi
- Judy Choi Alexandra Polcher Anke Joas
| | | | | | | | - Anke Joas
- Judy Choi Alexandra Polcher Anke Joas
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Getaneh Z, Mekonen S, Ambelu A. Exposure and health risk assessment of lead in communities of Jimma town, southwestern Ethiopia. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:245-250. [PMID: 24859516 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Human beings could be exposed to lead arising from different environmental sources, such as air, water and soil. Tap water, air and soil samples were collected from four quadrants of Jimma town in southwestern Ethiopia. Eighty samples from each environmental source: water, air and soil samples were collected and analyzed for lead concentration. Prediction of the blood lead level and risk characterization was made using integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model and lead risk was calculated using USEPA guideline. Average concentration of lead in water, air and soils were 24.55 ± 10.01, 1.01 ± 0.41 µg/m(3), and 220.08 ± 135.95 µg/g respectively. Uptake of lead by children is significantly higher than the adults. The total risk value was 1.41 for children and 0.37 for adults. The finding revealed that children are more at risk than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerihun Getaneh
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,
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