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Mehta K, Guo T, van der Graaf PH, van Hasselt JGC. Model-based dose optimization framework for bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:463-474. [PMID: 37817504 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid (BPaL) combination treatment against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is promising, yet safety and adherence concerns exist that motivate exploration of alternative dosing regimens. We developed a mechanistic modelling framework to compare the efficacy of the current and alternative BPaL treatment strategies. METHODS Pharmacodynamic models for each drug in the BPaL combination treatment were developed using in vitro time-kill data. These models were combined with pharmacokinetic models, incorporating body weight, lesion volume, site-of-action distribution, bacterial susceptibility and pharmacodynamic interactions to assemble the framework. The model was qualified by comparing the simulations against the observed clinical data. Simulations were performed evaluating bedaquiline and linezolid approved (bedaquiline 400 mg once daily [QD] for 14 days followed by 200 mg three times a week, linezolid 1200 mg QD) and alternative dosing regimens (bedaquiline 200 mg QD, linezolid 600 mg QD). RESULTS The framework adequately described the observed antibacterial activity data in patients following monotherapy for each drug and approved BPaL dosing. The simulations suggested a minor difference in median time to colony forming unit (CFU)-clearance state with the bedaquiline alternative compared to the approved dosing and the linezolid alternative compared to the approved dosing. Median time to non-replicating-clearance state was predicted to be 15 days from the CFU-clearance state. CONCLUSIONS The model-based simulations suggested that comparable efficacy can be achieved using alternative bedaquiline and linezolid dosing, which may improve safety and adherence in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients. The framework can be utilized to evaluate treatment optimization approaches, including dosing regimen and duration of treatment predictions to eradicate both replicating- and non-replicating bacteria from lung and lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krina Mehta
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tingjie Guo
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Piet H van der Graaf
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Certara, Canterbury, UK
| | - J G Coen van Hasselt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Sharma S, Chikhale R, Shinde N, Khan AM, Gupta VK. Targeting dormant phenotype acquired mycobacteria using natural products by exploring its important targets: In vitro and in silico studies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1111997. [PMID: 37033483 PMCID: PMC10080046 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1111997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The dormant phenotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that develops during infection poses a major challenge in disease treatment, since these bacilli show tolerance to front-line drugs. An in vitro hypoxia dormancy model was established, which produced phenotypically dormant Mycobacterium smegmatis after prolonged incubation under conditions of low oxygen, low pH, and nutrient limitation. Bacilli in this model displayed the classical dormancy characters, including loss of acid fastness, altered morphology, and, most importantly, tolerance to front-line drugs. The dormant form of M. smegmatis was treated with drugs and phytomolecules. Three phytomolecules exhibited activity against dormant bacilli, as shown by lack of regrowth in solid and liquid media. Further investigation of dormancy-active hits was carried out using in silico approaches to understand the druggable targets of these phytomolecules in dormant bacilli. For this study, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), and molecular mechanics-generalized born solvent accessibility (MM-GBSA)-based binding energy (ΔGbind) calculations were performed. Five different targets, namely, isocitrate lyase (ICL), GMP synthase, LuxR, DosR, and serine/threonine protein kinase (STPK), from M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis were studied in details. DosR and STPK were found to be the common targets in both the species that were more prone to the phytomolecules. The standard DosR inhibitor, HC104A, showed a lower dock score and binding energy of -4.27 and -34.50 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to the natural products under study. The phytomolecule, icariin, showed better docking score (dock score = -5.92 kcal/mol with and binding energy ΔGbind= -52.96 kcal/mol) with DosR compared to known DosR inhibitor, HC104A (dock score = -4.27 kcal/mol and binding energy ΔGbind = -34.50 kcal/mol). Similarly, the known STPK inhibitor MRCT67127 showed a lower dock score and binding energy of -4.25 and -29.43 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to the phytomolecule, icariin (dock score = -5.74 kcal/mol and ΔGbind= -43.41 kcal/mol). These compounds might ultimately lead to new therapeutics or may be useful as adjuvants to the first-line drugs to reduce the lengthy anti-TB therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Rupesh Chikhale
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nivedita Shinde
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - A M Khan
- Division of Clinical Trials and Implementation Research, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
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Cioetto-Mazzabò L, Boldrin F, Beauvineau C, Speth M, Marina A, Namouchi A, Segafreddo G, Cimino M, Favre-Rochex S, Balasingham S, Trastoy B, Munier-Lehmann H, Griffiths G, Gicquel B, Guerin M, Manganelli R, Alonso-Rodríguez N. SigH stress response mediates killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by activating nitronaphthofuran prodrugs via induction of Mrx2 expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:144-165. [PMID: 36546765 PMCID: PMC9841431 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains highlights the need to discover anti-tuberculosis drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Here we discovered a mycobactericidal strategy based on the prodrug activation of selected chemical derivatives classified as nitronaphthofurans (nNFs) mediated by the coordinated action of the sigH and mrx2 genes. The transcription factor SigH is a key regulator of an extensive transcriptional network that responds to oxidative, nitrosative, and heat stresses in M. tuberculosis. The nNF action induced the SigH stress response which in turn induced the mrx2 overexpression. The nitroreductase Mrx2 was found to activate nNF prodrugs, killing replicating, non-replicating and intracellular forms of M. tuberculosis. Analysis of SigH DNA sequences obtained from spontaneous nNF-resistant M. tuberculosis mutants suggests disruption of SigH binding to the mrx2 promoter site and/or RNA polymerase core, likely promoting the observed loss of transcriptional control over Mrx2. Mutations found in mrx2 lead to structural defects in the thioredoxin fold of the Mrx2 protein, significantly impairing the activity of the Mrx2 enzyme against nNFs. Altogether, our work brings out the SigH/Mrx2 stress response pathway as a promising target for future drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire Beauvineau
- Chemical Library Institut Curie/CNRS, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196 and CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Martin Speth
- Department Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Alberto Marina
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio 48160 Spain
| | - Amine Namouchi
- Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institute Pasteur, Paris 75015, France,Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Greta Segafreddo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - Mena Cimino
- Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institute Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | | | | | - Beatriz Trastoy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio 48160 Spain,Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia 48903, Spain
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Department Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Brigitte Gicquel
- Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institute Pasteur, Paris 75015, France,Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio 48160 Spain,Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia 48903, Spain,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Riccardo Manganelli
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Riccardo Manganelli. Tel: +39 049 827 2366; Fax: +39 049 827 2355;
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4
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Kim HB, Bacik JP, Wu R, Jha RK, Hebron M, Triandafillou C, McCown JE, Baek NI, Kim JH, Kim YJ, Goulding CW, Strauss CEM, Schmidt JG, Shetye GS, Ryoo S, Jo EK, Jeon YH, Hung LW, Terwilliger TC, Kim CY. Label-free affinity screening, design and synthesis of inhibitors targeting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis L-alanine dehydrogenase. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277670. [PMID: 36395154 PMCID: PMC9671377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to persist in its host may enable an evolutionary advantage for drug resistant variants to emerge. A potential strategy to prevent persistence and gain drug efficacy is to directly target the activity of enzymes that are crucial for persistence. We present a method for expedited discovery and structure-based design of lead compounds by targeting the hypoxia-associated enzyme L-alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH). Biochemical and structural analyses of AlaDH confirmed binding of nucleoside derivatives and showed a site adjacent to the nucleoside binding pocket that can confer specificity to putative inhibitors. Using a combination of dye-ligand affinity chromatography, enzyme kinetics and protein crystallographic studies, we show the development and validation of drug prototypes. Crystal structures of AlaDH-inhibitor complexes with variations at the N6 position of the adenyl-moiety of the inhibitor provide insight into the molecular basis for the specificity of these compounds. We describe a drug-designing pipeline that aims to block Mtb to proliferate upon re-oxygenation by specifically blocking NAD accessibility to AlaDH. The collective approach to drug discovery was further evaluated through in silico analyses providing additional insight into an efficient drug development strategy that can be further assessed with the incorporation of in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung-Bok Kim
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - John-Paul Bacik
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruilian Wu
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Ramesh K. Jha
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Michaeline Hebron
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Catherine Triandafillou
- Biophysical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joseph E. McCown
- Array BioPharma Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Han Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Celia W. Goulding
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Charlie E. M. Strauss
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jurgen G. Schmidt
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Gauri S. Shetye
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sungweon Ryoo
- Clinical Research Centre, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Li-Wei Hung
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | | | - Chang-Yub Kim
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Almehmadi M, Halawi M, Asif M. Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of Some New Pyrazinamide Derivatives. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Alghamdi S, Asif M. Pyrazinamide Analogs Designed for Rational Drug Designing Strategies against Resistant Tuberculosis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Tanner L, Mashabela GT, Omollo CC, de Wet TJ, Parkinson CJ, Warner DF, Haynes RK, Wiesner L. Intracellular Accumulation of Novel and Clinically Used TB Drugs Potentiates Intracellular Synergy. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0043421. [PMID: 34585951 PMCID: PMC8557888 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00434-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic repertoire for tuberculosis (TB) remains limited despite the existence of many TB drugs that are highly active in in vitro models and possess clinical utility. Underlying the lack of efficacy in vivo is the inability of TB drugs to penetrate microenvironments inhabited by the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including host alveolar macrophages. Here, we determined the ability of the phenoxazine PhX1 previously shown to be active against M. tuberculosis in vitro to differentially penetrate murine compartments, including plasma, epithelial lining fluid, and isolated epithelial lining fluid cells. We also investigated the extent of permeation into uninfected and M. tuberculosis-infected human macrophage-like Tamm-Horsfall protein 1 (THP-1) cells directly and by comparing to results obtained in vitro in synergy assays. Our data indicate that PhX1 (4,750 ± 127.2 ng/ml) penetrates more effectively into THP-1 cells than do the clinically used anti-TB agents, rifampin (3,050 ± 62.9 ng/ml), moxifloxacin (3,374 ± 48.7 ng/ml), bedaquiline (4,410 ± 190.9 ng/ml), and linezolid (770 ± 14.1 ng/ml). Compound efficacy in infected cells correlated with intracellular accumulation, reinforcing the perceived importance of intracellular penetration as a key drug property. Moreover, we detected synergies deriving from redox-stimulatory combinations of PhX1 or clofazimine with the novel prenylated amino-artemisinin WHN296. Finally, we used compound synergies to elucidate the relationship between compound intracellular accumulation and efficacy, with PhX1/WHN296 synergy levels shown to predict drug efficacy. Collectively, our data support the utility of the applied assays in identifying in vitro active compounds with the potential for clinical development. IMPORTANCE This study addresses the development of novel therapeutic compounds for the eventual treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Tuberculosis continues to progress, with cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) resistance to first-line medications increasing. We assess new combinations of drugs with both oxidant and redox properties coupled with a third partner drug, with the focus here being on the potentiation of M. tuberculosis-active combinations of compounds in the intracellular macrophage environment. Thus, we determined the ability of the phenoxazine PhX1, previously shown to be active against M. tuberculosis in vitro, to differentially penetrate murine compartments, including plasma, epithelial lining fluid, and isolated epithelial lining fluid cells. In addition, the extent of permeation into human macrophage-like THP-1 cells and H37Rv-infected THP-1 cells was measured via mass spectrometry and compared to in vitro two-dimensional synergy and subsequent intracellular efficacy. Collectively, our data indicate that development of new drugs will be facilitated using the methods described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gabriel T. Mashabela
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles C. Omollo
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. de Wet
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Digby F. Warner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard K. Haynes
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Dos Santos DT, Arroyo LH, Alves YM, Alves LS, Berra TZ, Crispim JDA, Alves JD, Ramos DAC, Alonso JB, de Assis IS, Ramos AV, Dessunti EM, Carvalho Pinto I, Palha PF, Arcêncio RA, Nunes C. Survival time among patients who were diagnosed with tuberculosis, the precocious deaths and associated factors in southern Brazil. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:31. [PMID: 33883022 PMCID: PMC8058757 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) does not mean that the disease will be treated successfully, since death may occur even among those who are known to the health services. Here, we aimed to analyze patient survival time from the diagnosis of TB to death, precocious deaths, and associated factors in southern Brazil. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study with patients who were diagnosed with TB and who died due to the disease between 2008 and 2015 in southern Brazil. The starting point for measuring survival time was the patient’s diagnosis date. Techniques for survival analysis were employed, including the Kaplan-Meier test and Cox’s regression. A mixed-effect model was applied for identifying the associated factors to precocious deaths. Hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. We defined p value <0.05 as statistically significant for all statistics applied. Results One hundred forty-six patients were included in the survival analysis, observing a median survival time of 23.5 days. We observed that alcoholism (HR=1.55, 95% CI=1.04-2.30) and being male (HR=6.49, 95% CI=1.03-2.68) were associated with death. The chance of precocious death within 60 days was 10.48 times greater than the chance of early death within 30 days. Conclusion Most of the deaths occurred within 2 months after the diagnosis, during the intensive phase of the treatment. The use of alcohol and gender were associated with death, revealing inequality between men and women. This study advanced knowledge regarding the vulnerability associated with mortality. These findings must be addressed to fill a gap in the care cascades for active TB and ensure equity in health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41182-021-00320-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Talita Dos Santos
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (EERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Arroyo
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (EERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Yan Mathias Alves
- Postgraduate in the Public Health Nursing Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Seles Alves
- Postgraduate in the Public Health Nursing Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Zamboni Berra
- Postgraduate in the Public Health Nursing Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliane de Almeida Crispim
- Inter-institucional Doctoral Program in Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josilene Dália Alves
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Jonas Bodini Alonso
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (EERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-902, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Vieira Ramos
- Postgraduate in the Public Health Nursing Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ione Carvalho Pinto
- Postgraduate in the Public Health Nursing Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fredemir Palha
- Postgraduate in the Public Health Nursing Program, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (EERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-902, Brazil.
| | - Carla Nunes
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ignacio BJ, Bakkum T, Bonger KM, Martin NI, van Kasteren SI. Metabolic labeling probes for interrogation of the host-pathogen interaction. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2856-2870. [PMID: 33725048 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are still one of the leading causes of death worldwide; despite the near-ubiquitous availability of antibiotics. With antibiotic resistance on the rise, there is an urgent need for novel classes of antibiotic drugs. One particularly troublesome class of bacteria are those that have evolved highly efficacious mechanisms for surviving inside the host. These contribute to their virulence by immune evasion, and make them harder to treat with antibiotics due to their residence inside intracellular membrane-limited compartments. This has sparked the development of new chemical reporter molecules and bioorthogonal probes that can be metabolically incorporated into bacteria to provide insights into their activity status. In this review, we provide an overview of several classes of metabolic labeling probes capable of targeting either the peptidoglycan cell wall, the mycomembrane of mycobacteria and corynebacteria, or specific bacterial proteins. In addition, we highlight several important insights that have been made using these metabolic labeling probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob J Ignacio
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radbout Universiteit, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands
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Cantillon D, Wroblewska J, Cooper I, Newport MJ, Waddell SJ. Three-dimensional low shear culture of Mycobacterium bovis BCG induces biofilm formation and antimicrobial drug tolerance. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:12. [PMID: 33526771 PMCID: PMC7851154 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria naturally grow as corded biofilms in liquid media without detergent. Such detergent-free biofilm phenotypes may reflect the growth pattern of bacilli in tuberculous lung lesions. New strategies are required to treat tuberculosis, which is responsible for more deaths each year than any other bacterial disease. The lengthy 6-month regimen for drug-sensitive tuberculosis is necessary to remove antimicrobial drug tolerant populations of bacilli that persist through drug therapy. The role of biofilm-like growth in the generation of these sub-populations remains poorly understood despite the hypothesised clinical significance and mounting evidence of biofilms in pathogenesis. We adapt a three-dimensional Rotary Cell Culture System to model M. bovis BCG biofilm growth in low-shear detergent-free liquid suspension. Importantly, biofilms form without attachment to artificial surfaces and without severe nutrient starvation or environmental stress. Biofilm-derived planktonic bacilli are tolerant to isoniazid and streptomycin, but not rifampicin. This phenotypic drug tolerance is lost after passage in drug-free media. Transcriptional profiling reveals induction of cell surface regulators, sigE and BCG_0559c alongside the ESX-5 secretion apparatus in these low-shear liquid-suspension biofilms. This study engineers and characterises mycobacteria grown as a suspended biofilm, illuminating new drug discovery pathways for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daire Cantillon
- grid.12082.390000 0004 1936 7590Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX UK
| | - Justyna Wroblewska
- grid.12082.390000 0004 1936 7590Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX UK
| | - Ian Cooper
- grid.12477.370000000121073784School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ UK
| | - Melanie J. Newport
- grid.12082.390000 0004 1936 7590Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX UK
| | - Simon J. Waddell
- grid.12082.390000 0004 1936 7590Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX UK
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11
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Bakkum T, Heemskerk MT, Bos E, Groenewold M, Oikonomeas-Koppasis N, Walburg KV, van Veen S, van der Lienden MJC, van Leeuwen T, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM, Koster AJ, van Kasteren SI. Bioorthogonal Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages Reveals the Effect of Antituberculosis Drugs on Subcellular Bacterial Distribution. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1997-2007. [PMID: 33274277 PMCID: PMC7706097 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal correlative light-electron microscopy (B-CLEM) can give a detailed overview of multicomponent biological systems. It can provide information on the ultrastructural context of bioorthogonal handles and other fluorescent signals, as well as information about subcellular organization. We have here applied B-CLEM to the study of the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by generating a triply labeled Mtb through combined metabolic labeling of the cell wall and the proteome of a DsRed-expressing Mtb strain. Study of this pathogen in a B-CLEM setting was used to provide information about the intracellular distribution of the pathogen, as well as its in situ response to various clinical antibiotics, supported by flow cytometric analysis of the bacteria, after recovery from the host cell (ex cellula). The RNA polymerase-targeting drug rifampicin displayed the most prominent effect on subcellular distribution, suggesting the most direct effect on pathogenicity and/or viability, while the cell wall synthesis-targeting drugs isoniazid and ethambutol effectively rescued bacterial division-induced loss of metabolic labels. The three drugs combined did not give a more pronounced effect but rather an intermediate response, whereas gentamicin displayed a surprisingly strong additive effect on subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bakkum
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias T. Heemskerk
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bos
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Groenewold
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Oikonomeas-Koppasis
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley V. Walburg
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. C. van der Lienden
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Tyrza van Leeuwen
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle C. Haks
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham J. Koster
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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12
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13
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Development of inhaled formulation of modified clofazimine as an alternative to treatment of tuberculosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Singh VK, Mishra A, Bark S, Mani A, Subbian S, Hunter RL, Jagannath C, Khan A. Human mesenchymal stem cell based intracellular dormancy model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:423-431. [PMID: 32562667 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the biology of the tuberculosis pathogen during dormant asymptomatic infection, called latent tuberculosis is crucial to decipher a resilient therapeutic strategy for the disease. Recent discoveries exhibiting presence of pathogen's DNA and bacilli in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of human and mouse despite completion of antitubercular therapy, indicates that these specific cells could be one of the niches for dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans. To determine if in vitro infection of human MSCs could recapitulate the in vivo characteristics of dormant M. tuberculosis, we examined survival, phenotype, and drug susceptibility of the pathogen in MSCs. When a very low multiplicity of infection (1:1) was used, M. tuberculosis could survive in human bone marrow derived MSCs for more than 22 days without any growth. At this low level of infection, the pathogen did not cause any noticeable host cell death. During the later phase of infection, MSC-residing M. tuberculosis exhibited increased expression of HspX (a 16-kDa alpha-crystallin homolog) with a concurrent increase in tolerance to the frontline antitubercular drugs Rifampin and isoniazid. These results present a human MSC-based intracelllular model of M. tuberculosis infection to dissect the mechanisms through which the pathogen acquires and maintains dormancy in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Steven Bark
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Science & Engineering Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Arunmani Mani
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Robert L Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Arrey F, Löwe D, Kuhlmann S, Kaiser P, Moura-Alves P, Krishnamoorthy G, Lozza L, Maertzdorf J, Skrahina T, Skrahina A, Gengenbacher M, Nouailles G, Kaufmann SHE. Humanized Mouse Model Mimicking Pathology of Human Tuberculosis for in vivo Evaluation of Drug Regimens. Front Immunol 2019; 10:89. [PMID: 30766535 PMCID: PMC6365439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immune system mice are highly valuable for in vivo dissection of human immune responses. Although they were employed for analyzing tuberculosis (TB) disease, there is little data on the spatial organization and cellular composition of human immune cells in TB granuloma pathology in this model. We demonstrate that human immune system mice, generated by transplanted human fetal liver derived hematopoietic stem cells develop a continuum of pulmonary lesions upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis aerosol infection. In particular, caseous necrotic granulomas, which contribute to prolonged TB treatment time, developed, and had cellular phenotypic spatial-organization similar to TB patients. By comparing two recommended drug regimens, we confirmed observations made in clinical settings: Adding Moxifloxacin to a classical chemotherapy regimen had no beneficial effects on bacterial eradication. We consider this model instrumental for deeper understanding of human specific features of TB pathogenesis and of particular value for the pre-clinical drug development pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Arrey
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Delia Löwe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuhlmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peggy Kaiser
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pedro Moura-Alves
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laura Lozza
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeroen Maertzdorf
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Skrahina
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alena Skrahina
- Republican Scientific and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Martin Gengenbacher
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Geraldine Nouailles
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Kendall LV, Owiny JR, Dohm ED, Knapek KJ, Lee ES, Kopanke JH, Fink M, Hansen SA, Ayers JD. Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction in Animal Studies With Biohazardous Agents. ILAR J 2019; 59:177-194. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Animal models are critical to the advancement of our knowledge of infectious disease pathogenesis, diagnostics, therapeutics, and prevention strategies. The use of animal models requires thoughtful consideration for their well-being, as infections can significantly impact the general health of an animal and impair their welfare. Application of the 3Rs—replacement, refinement, and reduction—to animal models using biohazardous agents can improve the scientific merit and animal welfare. Replacement of animal models can use in vitro techniques such as cell culture systems, mathematical models, and engineered tissues or invertebrate animal hosts such as amoeba, worms, fruit flies, and cockroaches. Refinements can use a variety of techniques to more closely monitor the course of disease. These include the use of biomarkers, body temperature, behavioral observations, and clinical scoring systems. Reduction is possible using advanced technologies such as in vivo telemetry and imaging, allowing longitudinal assessment of animals during the course of disease. While there is no single method to universally replace, refine, or reduce animal models, the alternatives and techniques discussed are broadly applicable and they should be considered when infectious disease animal models are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lon V Kendall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, and Laboratory Animal Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - James R Owiny
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Erik D Dohm
- Animal Resources Program, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Katie J Knapek
- Comparative Medicine Training Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Erin S Lee
- Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jennifer H Kopanke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Michael Fink
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sarah A Hansen
- Office of Animal Resources, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jessica D Ayers
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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17
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Jee B, Kumar S, Yadav R, Singh Y, Kumar A, Sharma N. Ursolic acid and carvacrol may be potential inhibitors of dormancy protein small heat shock protein16.3 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 36:3434-3443. [PMID: 28984500 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1389305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock protein16.3 (sHSP16.3) is a crucial protein for survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in its host. Besides, this protein acts as a molecular chaperone during stress and is indispensable for MTB's growth, virulence and cell-wall thickening. sHSP16.3 is also a promising candidate for vaccine, serodiagnosis and drug design as well. In the present study, we have targeted sHSP16.3 with two phytochemicals, namely ursolic acid and carvacrol using in silico approach. Molecular docking analysis showed that both phytochemicals (ursolic acid and carvacrol) have docked with sHSP16.3 and shown tendency to inhibit the function of this vital protein of MTB. In addition, both compounds have exhibited strong compatibility with sHSP16.3 during whole 60 ns duration of molecular dynamics simulation. Further, the molecular mechanic/generalized Born/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/G/P/BSA) free energies were calculated which showed that both phytocompounds have stable and favourable binding energies causing strong binding with binding site of sHSP16.3. Taking together, the data of present study suggest that both phytocompounds may be potential inhibitor of sHSP16.3 of MTB and a best alternative to standard anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babban Jee
- a Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare , Government of India , New Delhi 110001 , India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- b Molecular and Structural Biology Division , Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Renu Yadav
- c Department of Biotechnology , Acharya Nagarjuna University , Guntur 522510 , India
| | - Yogesh Singh
- d Institute of Physiology I , Eberhard-Karls-Tübingen University , Gmelinstraße5, Tübingen D-72076 , Germany
| | - Anuj Kumar
- e Advance Center for Computational and Applied Biotechnology, Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB) , Dehradun 248007 , India
| | - Naveen Sharma
- a Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare , Government of India , New Delhi 110001 , India
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18
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Tanner L, Denti P, Wiesner L, Warner DF. Drug permeation and metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Prioritising local exposure as essential criterion in new TB drug development. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:926-937. [PMID: 29934964 PMCID: PMC6129860 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs possess diverse abilities to penetrate the different host tissues and cell types in which infecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli are located during active disease. This is important since there is increasing evidence that the respective "lesion-penetrating" properties of the front-line TB drugs appear to correlate well with their specific activity in standard combination therapy. In turn, these observations suggest that rational efforts to discover novel treatment-shortening drugs and drug combinations should incorporate knowledge about the comparative abilities of both existing and experimental anti-TB agents to access bacilli in defined physiological states at different sites of infection, as well as avoid elimination by efflux or inactivation by host or bacterial metabolism. However, while there is a fundamental requirement to understand the mode of action and pharmacological properties of any current or experimental anti-TB agent within the context of the obligate human host, this is complex and, until recently, has been severely limited by the available methodologies and models. Here, we discuss advances in analytical models and technologies which have enabled investigations of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) for new TB drug development. In particular, we consider the potential to shift the focus of traditional pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses away from plasma to a more specific "site of action" drug exposure as an essential criterion for drug development and the design of dosing strategies. Moreover, in summarising approaches to determine DMPK data for the "unit of infection" comprising host macrophage and intracellular bacillus, we evaluate the potential benefits of including these analyses at an early stage in the preclinical drug development algorithm. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(9):926-937, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Paolo Denti
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Digby F. Warner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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19
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Wilburn KM, Fieweger RA, VanderVen BC. Cholesterol and fatty acids grease the wheels of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4931720. [PMID: 29718271 PMCID: PMC6251666 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a distinctive disease in which the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, can persist in humans for decades by avoiding clearance from host immunity. During infection, M. tuberculosis maintains viability by extracting and utilizing essential nutrients from the host, and this is a prerequisite for all of the pathogenic activities that are deployed by the bacterium. In particular, M. tuberculosis preferentially acquires and metabolizes host-derived lipids (fatty acids and cholesterol), and the bacterium utilizes these substrates to cause and maintain disease. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of lipid utilization by M. tuberculosis, and we describe how these pathways promote pathogenesis to fuel metabolic processes in the bacillus. Finally, we highlight weaknesses in these pathways that potentially can be targeted for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaley M Wilburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Rachael A Fieweger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Brian C VanderVen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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20
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Salami MA, Sanusi AA, Adegboye VO. Current Indications and Outcome of Pulmonary Resections for Tuberculosis Complications in Ibadan, Nigeria. Med Princ Pract 2018; 27:80-85. [PMID: 29156450 PMCID: PMC5968272 DOI: 10.1159/000485382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the current indications and outcome of pulmonary resections for tuberculosis (TB) at the Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A retrospective case series review of patients who had lung resections from January 2014 to January 2017 was performed. Data obtained from medical records included demographics, presenting symptoms, indication for surgery, preoperative evaluation and preparation, operative procedure, postoperative complications, and follow-up. The presence of TB in the patients was confirmed by detecting pathological changes suggestive of TB and/or past history of pulmonary TB associated with its anatomical complications such as cavitation and bronchiectasis. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Ten patients had pulmonary resections during this study period. The median age was 33.5 years (range: 3-50). The indication for lung resection was massive or persistent haemoptysis, and 2 patients also had aspergilloma. Six patients (60%) had lobectomy, 1 had a bilobectomy, and the remaining 3 had pneumonectomy. Complications included partial wound dehiscence in 2 patients, 1 of whom also had postoperative empyema thoracis. One patient died immediately due to haemorrhage. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 37 months. CONCLUSION This study showed that the factors for a good outcome in patients presenting with massive or recurrent haemoptysis from TB complications were initial stabilization and multidisciplinary care. Hence, improved awareness of high-standard care to encourage inclusion of patients with TB complications in the surgical care protocol as part of national control programmes is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasiru A. Salami
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- *Dr. Mudasiru A. Salami, Department of Surgery, University College Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PO Box 29225, Secretariat Post Office, Ibadan 200212 (Nigeria), E-Mail
| | - Arinola A. Sanusi
- Department of Anaesthesia, University College Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Victor O. Adegboye
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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21
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Perrone F, De Siena B, Muscariello L, Kendall SL, Waddell SJ, Sacco M. A Novel TetR-Like Transcriptional Regulator Is Induced in Acid-Nitrosative Stress and Controls Expression of an Efflux Pump in Mycobacteria. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2039. [PMID: 29109706 PMCID: PMC5660060 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has the ability to survive inside macrophages under acid-nitrosative stress. M. tuberculosis Rv1685c and its ortholog in M. smegmatis, MSMEG_3765, are induced on exposure to acid-nitrosative stress. Both genes are annotated as TetR transcriptional regulators, a family of proteins that regulate a wide range of cellular activities, including multidrug resistance, carbon catabolism and virulence. Here, we demonstrate that MSMEG_3765 is co-transcribed with the upstream genes MSMEG_3762 and MSMEG_3763, encoding efflux pump components. RTq-PCR and GFP-reporter assays showed that the MSMEG_3762/63/65 gene cluster, and the orthologous region in M. tuberculosis (Rv1687c/86c/85c), was up-regulated in a MSMEG_3765 null mutant, suggesting that MSMEG_3765 acts as a repressor, typical of this family of regulators. We further defined the MSMEG_3765 regulon using genome-wide transcriptional profiling and used reporter assays to confirm that the MSMEG_3762/63/65 promoter was induced under acid-nitrosative stress. A putative 36 bp regulatory motif was identified upstream of the gene clusters in both M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis and purified recombinant MSMEG_3765 protein was found to bind to DNA fragments containing this motif from both M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis upstream regulatory regions. These results suggest that the TetR repressor MSMEG_3765/Rv1685c controls expression of an efflux pump with an, as yet, undefined role in the mycobacterial response to acid-nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Perrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Barbara De Siena
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Lidia Muscariello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Sharon L Kendall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Waddell
- Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Margherita Sacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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22
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Gupta VK, Kumar MM, Singh D, Bisht D, Sharma S. Drug targets in dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: can the conquest against tuberculosis become a reality? Infect Dis (Lond) 2017; 50:81-94. [DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1377346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - M. Madhan Kumar
- Department of Immunology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Deepa Bisht
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
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23
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Activity of human beta defensin-1 and its motif against active and dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7239-7248. [PMID: 28856417 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The ineffectiveness of anti-tuberculous therapy against dormant and drug-resistant mycobacteria demands scrutiny of alternative candidates like antimicrobial peptides having different mechanisms of action. The present study was designed to explore the activity of human beta defensin-1 (HBD-1) and its in silico identified short motif Pep-B against active and dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) H37Rv. Activity of HBD-1 and Pep-B was determined against actively growing M. tb in vitro, inside monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and dormant bacilli in in vitro potassium deficiency and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) granuloma models using colony-forming unit enumeration. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of HBD-1 and Pep-B were found to be 2 and 20 μg/ml, respectively. These peptides also inhibited intracellular mycobacterial growth at concentrations lower than in vitro MICs along with increased IFN-γ levels. Although at higher concentration, HBD-1 (× 2 MIC) and Pep-B (× 2 MIC) led to decrease in in vitro dormant mycobacterial load as compared to rifampicin (× 25 MIC) and isoniazid (× 16 MIC). Similarly, both peptides showed higher killing efficacy against dormant mycobacteria inside granuloma as compared to rifampicin. Thus, the present study indicates that HBD-1 and its motif are effective antimicrobial players against both actively growing and dormant mycobacteria.
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Te Brake LHM, de Knegt GJ, de Steenwinkel JE, van Dam TJP, Burger DM, Russel FGM, van Crevel R, Koenderink JB, Aarnoutse RE. The Role of Efflux Pumps in Tuberculosis Treatment and Their Promise as a Target in Drug Development: Unraveling the Black Box. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 58:271-291. [PMID: 28715978 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insight into drug transport mechanisms is highly relevant to the efficacious treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Major problems in TB treatment are related to the transport of antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs across human and mycobacterial membranes, affecting the concentrations of these drugs systemically and locally. Firstly, transporters located in the intestines, liver, and kidneys all determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-TB drugs, with a high risk of drug-drug interactions in the setting of concurrent use of antimycobacterial, antiretroviral, and antidiabetic agents. Secondly, human efflux transporters limit the penetration of anti-TB drugs into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, which is especially important in the treatment of TB meningitis. Finally, efflux transporters located in the macrophage and Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell membranes play a pivotal role in the emergence of phenotypic tolerance and drug resistance, respectively. We review the role of efflux transporters in TB drug disposition and evaluate the promise of efflux pump inhibition from a novel holistic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey H M Te Brake
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J de Knegt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan E de Steenwinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis J P van Dam
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David M Burger
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan B Koenderink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob E Aarnoutse
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic modelling of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth and kill rates is predictive of clinical treatment duration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:502. [PMID: 28356552 PMCID: PMC5428680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is long and complex, typically involving a combination of drugs taken for 6 months. Improved drug regimens to shorten and simplify treatment are urgently required, however a major challenge to TB drug development is the lack of predictive pre-clinical tools. To address this deficiency, we have adopted a new high-content imaging-based approach capable of defining the killing kinetics of first line anti-TB drugs against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) residing inside macrophages. Through use of this pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) approach we demonstrate that the killing dynamics of the intracellular Mtb sub-population is critical to predicting clinical TB treatment duration. Integrated modelling of intracellular Mtb killing alongside conventional extracellular Mtb killing data, generates the biphasic responses typical of those described clinically. Our model supports the hypothesis that the use of higher doses of rifampicin (35 mg/kg) will significantly reduce treatment duration. Our described PK-PD approach offers a much needed decision making tool for the identification and prioritisation of new therapies which have the potential to reduce TB treatment duration.
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Schaaf K, Smith SR, Hayley V, Kutsch O, Sun J. A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28362407 DOI: 10.3791/55453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The early drug development process for anti-tuberculosis drugs is hindered by the inefficient translation of compounds with in vitro activity to effectiveness in the clinical setting. This is likely due to a lack of consideration for the physiologically relevant cellular penetration barriers that exist in the infected host. We recently established an alternative infection model that generates large macrophage aggregate structures containing densely packed M. tuberculosis (Mtb) at its core, which was suitable for drug susceptibility testing. This infection model is inexpensive, rapid, and most importantly BSL-2 compatible. Here, we describe the experimental procedures to generate Mtb/macrophage aggregate structures that would produce macrophage-passaged Mtb for drug susceptibility testing. In particular, we demonstrate how this infection system could be directly adapted to the 96-well plate format showing throughput capability for the screening of compound libraries against Mtb. Overall, this assay is a valuable addition to the currently available Mtb drug discovery toolbox due to its simplicity, cost effectiveness, and scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Schaaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Samuel R Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Olaf Kutsch
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jim Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham;
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Giovagnoli S, Schoubben A, Ricci M. The long and winding road to inhaled TB therapy: not only the bug’s fault. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:347-363. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1272119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Aurelie Schoubben
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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de Keijzer J, Mulder A, de Ru AH, van Soolingen D, van Veelen PA. Parallel reaction monitoring of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages reveals pre-existent markers of rifampicin tolerance in the emerging Beijing lineage. J Proteomics 2016; 150:9-17. [PMID: 27576137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spread of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the major challenges in tuberculosis control. In Eurasia, the spread of multidrug resistant tuberculosis is driven by the M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype. In this study, we examined whether selective advantages are present in the proteome of Beijing isolates that contribute to the emergence of this genotype. To this end, we compared the proteome of M. tuberculosis Beijing to that of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, both in the presence and absence of the first-line antibiotic rifampicin. During rifampicin exposure, both M. tuberculosis genotypes express proteins belonging to the DosR dormancy regulon, which induces a metabolically hypoactive-, drug tolerant phenotype. However, these markers of rifampicin tolerance were already more abundant in the M. tuberculosis Beijing isolate prior to drug exposure. To determine whether the a priori high abundance of specific proteins contribute to the formation of antibiotic resistance in M. tuberculosis Beijing, we quantified the abundance of 33 selected proteins in 27 clinical isolates from the five most common M. tuberculosis lineages using parallel reaction monitoring. The observed pre-existing high abundance of dormancy proteins in Beijing strains provides an evolutionary advantage that allows these strains to persist for prolonged periods during rifampicin treatment. SIGNIFICANCE M. tuberculosis is the leading cause of death by a bacterial infection worldwide. Treatment-regimen to eradicate this pathogen make use of the first-line antibiotic rifampicin, which is considered to be the cornerstone of modern day anti-tuberculosis treatment. Despite the potency of rifampicin, there is an increasing occurrence of rifampicin resistant mutants in a specific cluster of M. tuberculosis, the Beijing genotype. Using both a data dependent acquisition and a targeted proteomic approach we identified markers of rifampicin tolerance to be high abundant in members of the M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype, already prior drug exposure. The identification of this M. tuberculosis Beijing specific trait will contribute to improved diagnostics and treatment of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen de Keijzer
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands.
| | - Arnout Mulder
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3720, BA, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H de Ru
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
| | - Dick van Soolingen
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3720, BA, The Netherlands; Departments of Pulmonary Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500, HB, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
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Schaaf K, Hayley V, Speer A, Wolschendorf F, Niederweis M, Kutsch O, Sun J. A Macrophage Infection Model to Predict Drug Efficacy Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:345-54. [PMID: 27327048 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 40 years, only a single new antituberculosis drug was FDA approved. New tools that improve the drug development process will be essential to accelerate the development of next-generation antituberculosis drugs. The drug development process seems to be hampered by the inefficient transition of initially promising hits to candidate compounds that are effective in vivo. In this study, we introduce an inexpensive, rapid, and BSL-2 compatible infection model using macrophage-passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that forms densely packed Mtb/macrophage aggregate structures suitable for drug efficacy testing. Susceptibility to antituberculosis drugs determined with this Mtb/macrophage aggregate model differed from commonly used in vitro broth-grown single-cell Mtb cultures. Importantly, altered drug susceptibility correlated well with the reported ability of the respective drugs to generate high tissue and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations relative to their serum concentrations, which seems to be the best predictors of in vivo efficacy. Production of these Mtb/macrophage aggregates could be easily scaled up to support throughput efforts. Overall, its simplicity and scalability should make this Mtb/macrophage aggregate model a valuable addition to the currently available Mtb drug discovery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Schaaf
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Virginia Hayley
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Alexander Speer
- 2 Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,3 Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank Wolschendorf
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael Niederweis
- 2 Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jim Sun
- 2 Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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Kim HW, Kwon SR, Jung KH, Kim SK, Baek HJ, Seo MR, Bang SY, Lee HS, Suh CH, Jung JY, Son CN, Shim SC, Lee SH, Lee SG, Lee YA, Lee EY, Kim TH, Kim YG. Safety of Resuming Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients Concomitant with the Treatment of Active Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Nationwide Registry of the Korean Society of Spondyloarthritis Research. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153816. [PMID: 27101309 PMCID: PMC4839632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Patients who develop an active tuberculosis infection during tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor treatment typically discontinue TNF inhibitor and receive standard anti-tuberculosis treatment. However, there is currently insufficient information on patient outcomes following resumption of TNF inhibitor treatment during ongoing anti- tuberculosis treatment. Our study was designed to investigate the safety of resuming TNF inhibitors in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients who developed tuberculosis as a complication of the use of TNF inhibitors. Methods Through the nationwide registry of the Korean Society of Spondyloarthritis Research, 3929 AS patients who were prescribed TNF inhibitors were recruited between June 2003 and June 2014 at fourteen referral hospitals. Clinical information was analyzed about the patients who experienced tuberculosis after exposure to TNF inhibitors. The clinical features of resumers and non-resumers of TNF inhibitors were compared and the outcomes of tuberculosis were surveyed individually. Findings Fifty-six AS patients were treated for tuberculosis associated with TNF inhibitors. Among them, 23 patients resumed TNF inhibitors, and these patients were found to be exposed to TNF inhibitors for a longer period of time and experienced more frequent disease flare-up after discontinuation of TNF inhibitors compared with those who did not resume. Fifteen patients resumed TNF inhibitors during anti-tuberculosis treatment (early resumers) and 8 after completion of anti-tuberculosis treatment (late resumers). Median time to resuming TNF inhibitor from tuberculosis was 3.3 and 9.0 months in the early and late resumers, respectively. Tuberculosis was treated successfully in all resumers and did not relapse in any of them during follow-up (median 33.8 [IQR; 20.8–66.7] months). Conclusions Instances of tuberculosis were treated successfully in our AS patients, even when given concomitantly with TNF inhibitors. We suggest that early resumption of TNF inhibitors in AS patients could be safe under effective coverage of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Ryul Kwon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyong-Hee Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Han Joo Baek
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi Ryung Seo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - So-Young Bang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Hye-Soon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ju Yang Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chang-Nam Son
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Arthritis and Rheumatism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Geun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ah Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: . (YGK); (THK)
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: . (YGK); (THK)
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Chavarria D, Silva T, Magalhães e Silva D, Remião F, Borges F. Lessons from black pepper: piperine and derivatives thereof. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 26:245-64. [PMID: 26560940 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1118057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Piperine is a simple and pungent alkaloid found in the seeds of black pepper (Piper nigrum). Following its isolation and full characterization, the biological properties of piperine have been extensively studied, and piperine-like derivatives have shown an interesting range of pharmacological activities. In this context, significant advances have been made in the discovery of new chemical entities based on the piperine scaffold endowed with therapeutic potential. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to provide a thorough inquiry on the therapeutic potential of piperine and related derivatives. It provides an overview of recent developments in patented processes and applications thereof between 2000 and 2015. EXPERT OPINION Cumulative evidence shows that piperine is currently paving its way to become a privileged scaffold for the development of bioactive compounds with therapeutic application in multiple human diseases. In particular, piperine derivatives were shown to modulate the activity of several targets related to neurological disorders, including epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, depression and pain related disorders. Moreover, the efflux pump inhibitory ability of piperine and its analogues tackles important drug resistance mechanisms and may improve the clinical efficacy of antibiotic and anticancer drugs. Although the use of piperine as a scaffold for bioactive compounds is still in its early stages, the continuous exploration of this structure may lead to remarkable advances in drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chavarria
- a CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - T Silva
- a CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - D Magalhães e Silva
- a CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - F Remião
- b UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - F Borges
- a CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Krämer CEM, Singh A, Helfrich S, Grünberger A, Wiechert W, Nöh K, Kohlheyer D. Non-Invasive Microbial Metabolic Activity Sensing at Single Cell Level by Perfusion of Calcein Acetoxymethyl Ester. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141768. [PMID: 26513257 PMCID: PMC4625966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase contrast microscopy cannot give sufficient information on bacterial metabolic activity, or if a cell is dead, it has the fate to die or it is in a viable but non-growing state. Thus, a reliable sensing of the metabolic activity helps to distinguish different categories of viability. We present a non-invasive instantaneous sensing method using a fluorogenic substrate for online monitoring of esterase activity and calcein efflux changes in growing wild type bacteria. The fluorescent conversion product of calcein acetoxymethyl ester (CAM) and its efflux indicates the metabolic activity of cells grown under different conditions at real-time. The dynamic conversion of CAM and the active efflux of fluorescent calcein were analyzed by combining microfluidic single cell cultivation technology and fluorescence time lapse microscopy. Thus, an instantaneous and non-invasive sensing method for apparent esterase activity was created without the requirement of genetic modification or harmful procedures. The metabolic activity sensing method consisting of esterase activity and calcein secretion was demonstrated in two applications. Firstly, growing colonies of our model organism Corynebacterium glutamicum were confronted with intermittent nutrient starvation by interrupting the supply of iron and carbon, respectively. Secondly, bacteria were exposed for one hour to fatal concentrations of antibiotics. Bacteria could be distinguished in growing and non-growing cells with metabolic activity as well as non-growing and non-fluorescent cells with no detectable esterase activity. Microfluidic single cell cultivation combined with high temporal resolution time-lapse microscopy facilitated monitoring metabolic activity of stressed cells and analyzing their descendants in the subsequent recovery phase. Results clearly show that the combination of CAM with a sampling free microfluidic approach is a powerful tool to gain insights in the metabolic activity of growing and non-growing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhijeet Singh
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefan Helfrich
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katharina Nöh
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Kohlheyer
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Zumla A, Maeurer M, Marais B, Chakaya J, Wejse C, Lipman M, McHugh TD, Petersen E. Commemorating World Tuberculosis Day 2015. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 32:1-4. [PMID: 25809748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and NIHR BRC at University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Center for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (CAST), Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Marais
- Centre for Research Excellence in Tuberculosis (TB-CRE) and the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Christian Wejse
- GloHAU Center for Global Health, Dept of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark. Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark and Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea Bissau
| | - Marc Lipman
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, and University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D McHugh
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eskild Petersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark.
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