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Feng K, Bendiwhobel Ushie B, Zhang H, Li S, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. Pathogenesis and virulence of Heartland virus. Virulence 2024; 15:2348252. [PMID: 38712703 PMCID: PMC11085952 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2348252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Heartland virus (HRTV), an emerging tick-borne pathogenic bunyavirus, has been a concern since 2012, with an increasing incidence, expanding geographical distribution, and high pathogenicity in the United States. Infection from HRTV results in fever, thrombocytopenia, and leucopenia in humans, and in some cases, symptoms can progress to severe outcomes, including haemorrhagic disease, multi-organ failure, and even death. Currently, no vaccines or antiviral drugs are available for treatment of the HRTV disease. Moreover, little is known about HRTV-host interactions, viral replication mechanisms, pathogenesis and virulence, further hampering the development of vaccines and antiviral interventions. Here, we aimed to provide a brief review of HRTV epidemiology, molecular biology, pathogenesis and virulence on the basis of published article data to better understand this virus and provide clues for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Feng
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Benjamin Bendiwhobel Ushie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Jiang N, He Y, Wu J, You Q, Zhang R, Cheng M, Liu B, Cai Y, Lyu R, Wu Z. 6-Thioguanine inhibits severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus through suppression of EGR1. Antiviral Res 2024; 227:105916. [PMID: 38777095 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel phlebovirus, recently being officially renamed as Dabie bandavirus, and a causative agent for an emerging infectious disease associated with high fatality. Effective therapeutics and vaccines are lacking and disease pathogenesis is yet to be fully elucidated. In our effort to identify new SFTSV inhibitory molecules, 6-Thioguanine (6-TG) was found to potently inhibit SFTSV infection. 6-TG has been widely used as therapeutic agent since the approval of the Food and Drug Administration in the 1960s. In the current study, we showed that 6-TG was a potent inhibitor of SFTSV infection with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 3.465 μM in VeroE6 cells, and 1.848 μM in HUVEC cells. The selectivity index (SI) was >57 in VeroE6 cells and >108 in HUVEC cells, respectively. The SFTSV RNA transcription, protein synthesis, and progeny virions were reduced in a dose dependent manner by the presence of 6-TG in the in vitro infection assay. Further study on the mechanism of the anti-SFTSV activity showed that 6-TG downregulated the production of early growth response gene-1 (EGR1). Using gene silencing and overexpression, we further confirmed that EGR1 was a host restriction factor against SFTSV. Meanwhile, treatment of infected experimental animals with 6-TG inhibited SFTSV infection and alleviated multi-organ dysfunction. In conclusion, we have identified 6-TG as an effective inhibitor of SFTSV replication via the inhibition of EGR1 expression. Further studies are needed to evaluate of 6-TG as a potential therapeutic for treating SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating He
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao You
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ruining Lyu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Niu Y, Liu Y, Huang L, Liu W, Cheng Q, Liu T, Ning Q, Chen T. Antiviral immunity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: current understanding and implications for clinical treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348836. [PMID: 38646523 PMCID: PMC11026560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Dabie Banda virus (DBV), a tick-borne pathogen, was first identified in China in 2009 and causes profound symptoms including fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and multi-organ dysfunction, which is known as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). In the last decade, global incidence and mortality of SFTS increased significantly, especially in East Asia. Though previous studies provide understandings of clinical and immunological characteristics of SFTS development, comprehensive insight of antiviral immunity response is still lacking. Here, we intensively discuss the antiviral immune response after DBV infection by integrating previous ex- and in-vivo studies, including innate and adaptive immune responses, anti-viral immune responses and long-term immune characters. A comprehensive overview of potential immune targets for clinical trials is provided as well. However, development of novel strategies for improving the prognosis of the disease remains on challenge. The current review may shed light on the establishment of immunological interventions for the critical disease SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Jin K, Dai Y, Ouyang K, Huang H, Jiang Z, Yang Z, Zhou T, Lin H, Wang C, Wang C, Sun X, Lu D, Liu X, Hu N, Zhu C, Zhu J, Li J. TRIM3 attenuates cytokine storm caused by Dabie bandavirus via promoting Toll-like receptor 3 degradation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1209870. [PMID: 37520369 PMCID: PMC10375709 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1209870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease that was caused by the Dabie bandavirus (DBV), and it has become a global public health threat. Cytokine storm is considered to be an important pathogenesis of critical SFTS. Tripartite motif-containing 3 (TRIM3), as a member of the TRIM protein family, may contribute to the regulation of the immune and inflammatory responses after viral infection. However, whether TRIM3 plays a major role in the pathogenesis of SFTS has not yet been investigated. Methods TRIM3 mRNA levels were detected in PBMCs between 29 SFTS patients and 29 healthy controls by qRT-PCR. We established the pathogenic IFNAR-/- SFTS mouse model successfully by inoculating subcutaneously with DBV and testing the expression levels of TRIM3 mRNA and protein by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence in the livers, spleens, lungs, and kidneys. TRIM3OE THP-1 cells and peritoneal macrophages extracted from TRIM3-/- mice were infected with DBV. The effect of TRIM3 on cytokines was detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Then we examined Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and protein phosphorylation in the MAPK pathway after DBV infection using Western blot. Flow cytometry was used to verify TLR3 expression on peripheral blood monocytes in SFTS patients. We further explored the interaction between TRIM3 and TLR3 using CO-IP and Western blot. Results Compared to healthy controls, TRIM3 mRNA expression in PBMCs is decreased in SFTS patients, especially in severe cases. TRIM3 mRNA and protein were synchronously reduced in the livers, spleens, lungs, and kidney tissues of the IFNAR-/- SFTS mice model. In the DBV-infected cell model, TRIM3 overexpression can inhibit the DBV-induced release of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, the expression of TLR3, and protein phosphorylation in the MAPK pathway, which plays an anti-inflammatory role, while TRIM3 deficiency exacerbates the pro-inflammatory effects. We further found that TRIM3 can promote TLR3 degradation through K48-linked ubiquitination. Conclusion TRIM3 can inhibit the production of cytokines by regulating the degradation of TLR3 through K48-linked ubiquitination, which can be a therapeutic target for improving the prognosis of SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jin
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaying Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyi Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Epidemiological Department, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Epidemiological Department, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Transfusion Research, Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Epidemiological Department, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Epidemiological Department, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewei Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Dafeng Lu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nannan Hu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Epidemiological Department, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Liu Y, Tong H, He F, Zhai Y, Wu C, Wang J, Jiang C. Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on the prognosis of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and neurological complications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118039. [PMID: 37033957 PMCID: PMC10073413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been reported to exert a beneficial effect on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) patients with neurological complications. However, in clinical practice, the standard regime is unclear and there is a lack of evidence from large-scale studies. Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted to determine the influence of IVIG dosage and duration on SFTS patients with neurological complications. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, and laboratory parameters before and after IVIG treatment were measured. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed with the log-rank test according to the median IVIG dosage and IVIG duration. Besides, multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the association between the independent factors and 28-day mortality in SFTS patients. Results Overall, 36 patients (58.06%) survived, while 26 (41.9%) patients died. The median age of the included patients was 70 (55-75) years, and 46.8% (29/62) were male. A significantly higher clinical presentation of dizziness and headache was observed in the survival group. The IVIG duration in the survival group was longer than in the death group (P <0.05). Additionally, the IVIG dosage was higher in the survival group than in the death group, but there was not a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.066). The mediating effect of IVIG duration was verified through the relationship between IVIG dosage and prognosis using the Sobel test. Univariate analysis revealed that IVIG dosage (HR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-1.00; P = 0.007) and IVIG duration (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.41-0.72; P <0.001) were significantly associated with risk of death. The multivariate analysis generated an adjusted HR value of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96-1.00; P = 0.012) for IVIG dosage and 0.26 (95% CI: 0.09-0.78; P = 0.016) for dizziness and headache. Conclusion Prolonged high-dose IVIG is beneficial to the 28-day prognosis in SFTS patients with neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanwen Tong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxiao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Youdong X, Xiaofeng D, Xiyuan N, Zhengdong L. Analysis of the risk factors and prognosis for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome associated encephalopathy. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:464-468. [PMID: 36702204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is frequently associated with neurological injury, but there are currently few relevant studies. The goal of this study was to look at the risk factors for SFTA-associated encephalopathy (SFTSAE) and the short- and long-term prognosis of such patients. METHODS We retrospectively studied 145 patients with SFTS who were treated at our hospital between May 2019 and November 2021. Clinical characteristics were collected, and patients were divided into two groups based on whether there was neurological injury during the disease: SFTSAE group and non-SFTSAE group. Univariate analysis was used to compare the differences in clinical data and outcomes between two groups, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to reveal the independent risk factors for SFTSAE, and the predictive efficacy was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Furthermore, survivors of SFTSAE were contacted by phone 6 months after discharge to assess the case fatality rate and quality of life. RESULTS The prevalence of SFTSAE was 22.7% (33/145). Bleeding symptoms, D-dimer level and blood amylase level were all independent risk factors for SFTSAE (P < 0.05). The combined AUC of these three factors was 0.969. Patients with SFTSAE had a 45.4% in-hospital mortality rate, and survivors had a largely normal quality of life after discharge. CONCLUSION Patients with SFTSAE frequently have multiple organ dysfunction, a high mortality rate, and a favorable long-term prognosis for survivors. Clinical manifestations of bleeding symptoms, elevated serum amylase, and elevated D-dimer were all independent risk factors for SFTSAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Youdong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Lu'an Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, 237000, China
| | - Du Xiaofeng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Lu'an Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, 237000, China
| | - Niu Xiyuan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Lu'an Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, 237000, China
| | - Liu Zhengdong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Lu'an Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, 237000, China.
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Zong L, Yang F, Liu S, Gao Y, Xia F, Zheng M, Xu Y. CD8 + T cells mediate antiviral response in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22722. [PMID: 36571509 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201343rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by a novel Bunyavirus, has gradually become a threatening infectious disease in rural areas of Asia. Studies have identified a severe cytokine storm and impaired humoral immune response in SFTS. However, the cellular immune response to SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection remains largely unknown. Here we report that SFTS patients had a cytokine storm accompanied by high levels of chemokines. CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SFTS patients exhibited a more activated phenotype and enhanced the antiviral responses. They increased the expression of CD69 and CD25, secreted a higher level of IFN-γ and granzyme, and had a stronger proliferative ability than in healthy controls. In convalescent SFTS patients, the expression of CD69 and CD25 on CD8+ T cells was reduced. In addition, we found the ratio and cellularity of CD14+ CD16+ intermediate monocytes were increased in peripheral blood of SFTS patients. Both the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) on CD14+ CD16+ intermediate monocytes and the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) on CD8+ T cells increased dramatically in SFTS patients. Our studies reveal a potential pathway that CD8+ T cells rapidly activate and are mostly recruited by intermediate monocytes through CXCL10 in SFTSV infection. Our results may be of clinical relevance for further treatment and discharge instructions in SFTSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Hanshan County, Maanshan, China
| | - Meijuan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Huang H, Jin K, Ouyang K, Jiang Z, Yang Z, Hu N, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Han Y, Zhao J, Lin H, Wang C, Wang C, Sun X, Lu D, Zhu J, Li J. Cyclophilin A causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus-induced cytokine storm by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1046176. [PMID: 36569095 PMCID: PMC9768865 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1046176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has become a global threat to public health since its first report in China in 2009. However, the pathogenesis of SFTS virus (SFTSV) in humans remains unclear. Also, there are no effective therapeutics for SFTS. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) regulates protein folding and trafficking involved in various viral infectious diseases, but its role in SFTSV infection has not been elucidated. Methods We detected plasma CyPA levels in 29 healthy subjects and 30 SFTS patients by ELISA. In THP-1 cells and normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), SFTSV-induced extracellular CyPA (eCyPA) was also detected by ELISA. In THP-1, the effects of CyPA on Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and NF-κB were determined by Western blot. We validated the interaction between CypA and CD147 by human recombinant CyPA (hrCyPA) and the CD147 inhibitor. Effects of CyPA inhibitor Cyclosporine A (CsA) on cytokines and SFTSV replication in THP-1 cells was also detected. 8-week-old Interferon-α/β Receptor (IFNAR) knockout (IFNAR-/-) C57BL/6 mice were divided into mock group, 106TCID50 SFTSV (Untreated) group and 106TCID50 SFTSV+CsA (CsA-treated) group. The changes of body weight, animal behavior and survival time of each group were recorded. Blood samples were collected from tail vein regularly. After death, the liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain were collected for pathological HE staining and SFTSV-NP immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared to healthy subjects and SFTS patients in the febrile phase of the disease, plasma CyPA levels in SFTS patients at the multi-organ dysfunction (MOD) phase showed significantly elevated (P < 0.01). Extracellular CyPA activates the MAPK pathway by binding to CD147 in THP-1 infected with SFTSV. CsA inhibits the pro-inflammatory and promoting replication effects of CyPA after SFTSV infection in vitro. In vivo, CsA can prolong the survival time and delay the weight loss of SFTSV mice. CsA reduces multi-organ dysfunction in IFNAR-/- mice infected with SFTSV. Discussion Our results indicate that CyPA is associated with SFTSV-induced cytokine storm, which can be a potential target for SFTS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyi Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Nannan Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewei Sun
- Basic Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Dafeng Lu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Jin Zhu, ; Jun Li,
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Jin Zhu, ; Jun Li,
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Zhao J, Ge HH, Wang G, Lin L, Yuan Y, Xu YL, Liu YN, Lu QB, Zhang XA, Cui N, Yuan C, Li JX, Lin L, Li H, Liu W. Fatal patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 125:10-16. [PMID: 36241165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease with a high case fatality rate. Key gaps remained as to the assessment of the clinical picture in fatal cases. METHODS A retrospective study was performed on 496 patients with fatal SFTS. The dynamic pattern of clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators were delineated. RESULTS The mean age of the fatal cases was 69.0 years (standard deviation: 9.3), and 52.8% were male. The median clinical course from disease onset to death was 11 (interquartile range: 10-13) days. A total of 11 laboratory indicators (neutrophil %, platelet, aspartate aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, cystatin C, D-dimer, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, glucose) persistently deviated from normality across hospitalization. The critical time points when the rapid worsening of the indicators was at 6-9 days after disease onset. Alanine transaminase, AST, lactate dehydrogenase, total bile acid, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and glucose were all elevated to a more pronounced level in fatal cases of those aged ≤70 years. CONCLUSION The fatal outcome was developed in rather a short course after the disease onset of SFTS. High vigilance should be put on the key time points when the severe worsening and severe complications occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China; General Demonstration Research Room of Aeromedicine, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Han Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Health Maintenance, the Noncommissioned Officer School of Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan-Li Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuan-Ni Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Cui
- The 990th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xinyang, China
| | - Chun Yuan
- The 990th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xinyang, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Li
- Department of cancer, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, China.
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
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10
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Song L, Zhao Y, Wang G, Huang D, Sai L. Analysis of risk factors associated with fatal outcome among severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients from 2015 to 2019 in Shandong, China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 41:1415-1420. [PMID: 36219345 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-022-04506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the progression of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), identify early predictors of mortality, and improve the cure rate, the present study aimed to analyze the demographic feature, clinical characteristics, and laboratory parameters of patients with SFTS and to explore the risk factors associated with fatal outcome. We retrospectively analyzed demographic feature, clinical characteristics, and laboratory parameters of 216 laboratory-confirmed SFTS patients in Shandong province between January 2015 and December 2019. Univariate analysis was used to assess the relevance between these factors and fatal outcome. Factors with P < 0.05 in univariate analysis were further analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the independent risk factors for mortality of SFTS. Age, five complications (including CNS symptoms, pulmonary infection, heart failure, arrhythmia, and bleeding events), and ten abnormal laboratory parameters (including serum viral load, blood platelet, ALT, AST, LDH, CK, CK-MB, Cr, serum Ca2+, and APTT) were statistically significant by univariate analysis. These factors were further analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analysis, and the results indicated that coma, pulmonary infection, high viral load, and prolonged APTT were associated with fatal outcome in SFTS patients. Our study identified four independent risk factors associated with fatal outcome for SFTS patients. The results were hoped to provide help for active treatment of SFTS. However, the identification of risk factors is not absolutely associated with fatal outcome. Patients' risk should be assessed by dynamic observation of the changes in risk factor indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Deyu Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Lintao Sai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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11
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Wang T, Xu L, Zhu B, Wang J, Zheng X. Immune escape mechanisms of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937684. [PMID: 35967309 PMCID: PMC9366518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), poses a serious threat to global public health, with high fatalities and an increasing prevalence. As effective therapies and prevention strategies are limited, there is an urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis of SFTS. SFTSV has evolved several mechanisms to escape from host immunity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms through which SFTSV escapes host immune responses, including the inhibition of innate immunity and evasion of adaptive immunity. Understanding the pathogenesis of SFTS will aid in the development of new strategies for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Junzhong Wang, ; Xin Zheng,
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Junzhong Wang, ; Xin Zheng,
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12
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Wang Y, Song Z, Wei X, Yuan H, Xu X, Liang H, Wen H. Clinical laboratory parameters and fatality of Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010489. [PMID: 35714138 PMCID: PMC9246219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease with high case fatality rate. Unfortunately, no vaccine or antiviral specifically targeting SFTS virus (SFTSV) are available for the time being. Our objective was to investigate the association between clinical laboratory parameters and fatality of SFTS patients.
Methods
The systematic review was conducted in accordance with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. We searched (from inception to 24th February 2022) Web of Science, PubMed, National Knowledge Infrastructure databases and Wan Fang Data for relevant researchers on SFTS. Studies were eligible if they reported on laboratory parameters of SFTS patients and were stratified by clinical outcomes. A modified version of Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to evaluate the association between laboratory parameters and outcomes. The between-study heterogeneity was evaluated quantitatively by standard Chi-square and the index of heterogeneity (I2). Heterogeneity was explored by subgroup and sensitivity analyses, and univariable meta-regression. Publication bias was determined using funnel plots and Egger’s test.
Results
We identified 34 relevant studies, with over 3300 participants across three countries. The following factors were strongly (SMD>1 or SMD<-0.5) and significantly (P<0.05) associated mortality: thrombin time (TT) (SMD = 1.53), viral load (SMD = 1.47), activated partial-thromboplastin time (APTT) (SMD = 1.37), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (SMD = 1.19), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (SMD = 1.13), platelet count (PLT) (SMD = -0.47), monocyte percentage (MON%) (SMD = -0.47), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%) (SMD = -0.46) and albumin (ALB) (SMD = -0.43). Alanine aminotransferase, AST, creatin phosphokinase, LDH, PLT, partial-thromboplastin time and viral load contributed to the risk of dying of SFTS patients in each subgroup analyses. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results above were robust.
Conclusions/significance
The abnormal levels of viral load, PLT, coagulation function and liver function, significantly increase the risk of SFTS mortality, suggesting that SFTS patients with above symptoms call for special concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zexuan Song
- National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Wei
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haowen Yuan
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongling Wen
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Wang M, Tan W, Li J, Fang L, Yue M. The Endless Wars: Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus, Host Immune and Genetic Factors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:808098. [PMID: 35782112 PMCID: PMC9240209 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.808098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging arboviral infectious disease with a high rate of lethality in susceptible humans and caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV). Currently, neither vaccine nor specific antiviral drugs are available. In recent years, given the fact that both the number of SFTS cases and epidemic regions are increasing year by year, SFTS has become a public health problem. SFTSV can be internalized into host cells through the interaction between SFTSV glycoproteins and cell receptors and can activate the host immune system to trigger antiviral immune response. However, SFTSV has evolved multiple strategies to manipulate host factors to create an optimal environment for itself. Not to be discounted, host genetic factors may be operative also in the never-ending winning or losing wars. Therefore, the identifications of SFTSV, host immune and genetic factors, and their interactions are critical for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of SFTSV infection. This review summarizes the updated pathogenesis of SFTS with regard to virus, host immune response, and host genetic factors to provide some novel perspectives of the prevention, treatment, as well as drug and vaccine developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Department of Infection Disease, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liqun Fang
- State Key Lab Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Fang, ; Ming Yue,
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Fang, ; Ming Yue,
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14
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Bryden SR, Dunlop JI, Clarke AT, Fares M, Pingen M, Wu Y, Willett BJ, Patel AH, Gao GF, Kohl A, Brennan B. Exploration of immunological responses underpinning severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection reveals IL-6 as a therapeutic target in an immunocompromised mouse model. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac024. [PMID: 35529317 PMCID: PMC9071185 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dabie bandavirus (previously severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus; SFTSV), is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus responsible for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a disease with high case fatality that is characterized by high fever, thrombocytopenia, and potentially lethal hemorrhagic manifestations. Currently, neither effective therapeutic strategies nor approved vaccines exist for SFTS. Therefore, there remains a pressing need to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease and to identify therapeutic strategies to ameliorate SFTS outcomes. Using a type I interferon (IFN)-deficient mouse model, we investigated the viral tropism, disease kinetics, and the role of the virulence factor nonstructural protein (NSs) in SFTS. Ly6C+ MHCII+ cells in the lymphatic tissues were identified as an important target cell for SFTSV. Advanced SFTS was characterized by significant migration of inflammatory leukocytes, notably neutrophils, into the lymph node and spleen, however, these cells were not required to orchestrate the disease phenotype. The development of SFTS was associated with significant upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, including high levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 in the serum, lymph node, and spleen. Humoral immunity generated by inoculation with delNSs SFTSV was 100% protective. Importantly, NSs was critical to the inhibition of the host IFNɣ response or downstream IFN-stimulated gene production and allowed for the establishment of severe disease. Finally, therapeutic but not prophylactic use of anti-IL-6 antibodies significantly increased the survival of mice following SFTSV infection and, therefore, this treatment modality presents a novel therapeutic strategy for treating severe SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Bryden
- Medical Research Council–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - James I Dunlop
- Medical Research Council–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew T Clarke
- Medical Research Council–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Mazigh Fares
- Medical Research Council–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Marieke Pingen
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Pathogen Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Brian J Willett
- Medical Research Council–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Arvind H Patel
- Medical Research Council–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Alain Kohl
- Medical Research Council–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
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Wang L, Xu Y, Zhang S, Bibi A, Xu Y, Li T. The AST/ALT Ratio (De Ritis Ratio) Represents an Unfavorable Prognosis in Patients in Early-Stage SFTS: An Observational Cohort Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:725642. [PMID: 35211422 PMCID: PMC8861437 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.725642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a widely prevalent infectious disease caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) that carries with it a high mortality rate, has emerged to be a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients infected with SFTSV, seeking novel prognostic risk factors for SFTS. Methods In this retrospective and cross-sectional study, confirmed SFTS patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were enrolled from September 1, 2019, to December 12, 2020. Cases were analyzed for epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between predictors and outcome variables. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was conducted to analyze the trending shift of aspartate aminotransferase/alanine transaminase-ratio (AST/ALT-ratio) and platelet (PLT) in SFTS patients treated with ribavirin. p values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Clinical and laboratory results of 107 hospitalized patients with SFTSV infection were retrospectively described. The mean age at onset of disease was 60.38 ± 11.29 years old and the ratio between male and female was 1:1.2. Fever and thrombocytopenia are hallmark features of SFTS. Furthermore, multiple cases also experienced neurological complications, gastrointestinal/skeletal muscle symptoms together with other non-specific clinical manifestations; laboratory dataset outcomes reported dysregulated levels for routine blood biomarkers, coagulation function, and biochemistry. Overall, 107 patients were segregated into two groups according to patient condition at the clinical endpoint (survivors/non-survivors). SFTS survivors had a higher level of PLT- counts, total protein (TP), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while levels of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), D-dimer (D-D), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), ALT, AST, AST/ALT-ratio, creatinine (Cr), creatine phosphokinase (CK) and procalcitonin (PCT) was higher in non-survivors. Results from univariate Cox regression revealed that elevated levels of FDP, TT, AST/ALT-ratio, PCT, as well as decreased eGFR level and presence of central nervous system symptoms (CNS), were significant predictors for SFTS prognostic, results from multivariate logistic regression analysis in three adjusted models showed AST/ALT-ratio and PCT were independent risk factors for the prognosis of SFTS patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that SFTS patients with AST/ALT-ratio >2.683 were associated with a shorter futime (means survival time), therefore indicating an unfavorable prognosis. Treatment with ribavirin could increase PLT count while decreasing AST/ALT-ratio within SFTS patients. Conclusion SFTS is an emerging infectious disease, possibly leading to multiple-organ injury; AST/ALT-ratio was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of SFTS patients. Further investigation should be performed in order to gain more knowledge on this disease and guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Li
- *Correspondence: Tao Li, ; Yuanhong Xu,
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16
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Analysis of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Critical Ill Patients in Central China. Shock 2021; 54:451-457. [PMID: 32097243 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging zoonosis infected by virus (SFTSV) in central and eastern China, which is associated with high mortality. However, limited clinical data have been reported about this critical illness. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective cohort study in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with SFTSV infection admitted in 2014 to 2019. Diagnosis was confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on serum samples. RESULTS One hundred sixteen patients with SFTSV infection were included (mean age 63 ± 9 years, 59 [51.3%] males). Non-survivors (43.1%) were older, and had lower Glasgow Coma Score, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, and sequential organ failure assessment score at ICU admission. In addition, non-survivors had more severe respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2: 208 ± 14 mm Hg vs. 297 ± 15 mm Hg), more frequent shock (25[50%] vs. 7[10.6%]), and required more frequently mechanical ventilation (78% vs. 19.7%; P < 0.001) and vasopressor support (56% vs. 9.1%; P < 0.001). Non-survivors experienced more obvious monocyte loss. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, older age, elevated lactate level, and elevated creatinine level were the independent risk factors for death. CONCLUSION We provided knowledge about the clinical characteristics of SFTS admitted in ICU. Older age, elevated lactate level, and elevated creatinine level may be useful for identifying patients with poor outcome and intensive medical intervention can be provided for patients as soon as possible to reduce mortality.
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17
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Xu S, Jiang N, Nawaz W, Liu B, Zhang F, Liu Y, Wu X, Wu Z. Infection of humanized mice with a novel phlebovirus presented pathogenic features of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009587. [PMID: 33974679 PMCID: PMC8139491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne emerging phlebovirus with high mortality rates of 6.0 to 30%. SFTSV infection is characterized by high fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemorrhage and multiple organ failures. Currently, specific therapies and vaccines remain elusive. Suitable small animal models are urgently needed to elucidate the pathogenesis and evaluate the potential drug and vaccine for SFTSV infection. Previous models presented only mild or no pathogenesis of SFTS, limiting their applications in SFTSV infection. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop a small animal model for the investigation of SFTSV pathogenesis and evaluation of therapeutics. In the current report, we developed a SFTSV infection model based on the HuPBL-NCG mice that recapitulates many pathological characteristics of SFTSV infection in humans. Virus-induced histopathological changes were identified in spleen, lung, kidney, and liver. SFTSV was colocalized with macrophages in the spleen and liver, suggesting that the macrophages in the spleen and liver could be the principle target cells of SFTSV. In addition, histological analysis showed that the vascular endothelium integrity was severely disrupted upon viral infection along with depletion of platelets. In vitro cellular assays further revealed that SFTSV infection increased the vascular permeability of endothelial cells by promoting tyrosine phosphorylation and internalization of the adhesion molecule vascular endothelial (VE)–cadherin, a critical component of endothelial integrity. In addition, we found that both virus infection and pathogen-induced exuberant cytokine release dramatically contributed to the vascular endothelial injury. We elucidated the pathogenic mechanisms of hemorrhage syndrome and developed a humanized mouse model for SFTSV infection, which should be helpful for anti-SFTSV therapy and pathogenesis study. SFTSV is a novel bunyavirus that was identified in 2010 and endemic in China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam with expanding spatial incidents. SFTS is characterized by high case-fatality rates and currently has no effective therapeutics or vaccines. In previous study, models presented only mild or no pathogenesis of SFTS, limiting their applications in SFTSV infection. In the current study, we developed a humanized NCG mouse model for the study of SFTSV infection and elucidated the pathogenic mechanisms of hemorrhage syndrome with respect to apoptosis, membrane protein endocytosis and cytokine stimulation. The HuPBL-NCG model presented multiple organ pathologies that resemble those of human infection, which will be helpful for anti-SFTSV therapy and pathogenesis study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Xu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Waqas Nawaz
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xilin Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (ZW)
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (ZW)
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18
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Xu Y, Shao M, Liu N, Tang J, Gu Q, Dong D. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a frequent complication in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: A retrospective study. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:646-652. [PMID: 33640568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) usually occurs in immunocompromised hosts. It has recently been reported that patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) can also develop IPA. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of IPA in SFTS patients and to investigate the relevant clinical, imaging, and laboratory characteristics. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of all patients with SFTS admitted to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Nanjing City, China, between January 2016 and December 2019. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had IPA: the IPA group and the non-IPA group. Data on clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, imaging characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were collected and analysed. RESULTS A total of 91 SFTS patients were included, of whom 29 (31.9%) developed IPA. In-hospital mortality (22.0%) was higher in the IPA group than in the non-IPA group. Univariate logistic regression showed that diabetes, cough, wheezing, amylase level, vasopressor use, encephalopathy, and intensive care unit transfer were risk factors for the development of IPA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified wheezing as an independent predictor of IPA in SFTS patients. CONCLUSIONS SFTS combined with IPA is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is necessary to strengthen screening for fungal infections after admission in SFTS patients. However, whether early antifungal prophylaxis should be administered needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mingran Shao
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Danjiang Dong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
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19
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Molecular Signatures of Inflammatory Profile and B-Cell Function in Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.02583-20. [PMID: 33593977 PMCID: PMC8545090 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02583-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dabie bandavirus (severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus [SFTSV]) induces an immunopathogenic disease with a high fatality rate; however, the mechanisms underlying its clinical manifestations are largely unknown. In this study, we applied targeted proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics to examine the differential immune landscape in SFTS patient blood. Serum immunoprofiling identified low-risk and high-risk clusters of SFTS patients based on inflammatory cytokine levels, which corresponded to disease severity. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of SFTS patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at different infection stages showed pronounced expansion of B cells with alterations in B-cell subsets in fatal cases. Furthermore, plasma cells in which the interferon (IFN) pathway is downregulated were identified as the primary reservoir of SFTSV replication. This study identified not only the molecular signatures of serum inflammatory cytokines and B-cell lineage populations in SFTSV-induced fatalities but also plasma cells as the viral reservoir. Thus, this suggests that altered B-cell function is linked to lethality in SFTSV infections.
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He Z, Wang B, Li Y, Du Y, Ma H, Li X, Guo W, Xu B, Huang X. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology, clinical signs, routine laboratory diagnosis, risk factors, and outcomes. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:575. [PMID: 32758175 PMCID: PMC7409422 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with the high case-fatality rate, and lack of vaccines. We aimed to systematically analysed the epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs, routine laboratory diagnosis, risk factors, and outcomes. Methods Documents on SFTS were collected by searching the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Data, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from 2011 to 2018. Meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager and Stata software. Results Twenty-five articles involving 4143 cases were included. Diarrhea (odds ratio (OR) =1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06 to 2.42, P = 0.02), and vomiting (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.39, P = 0.04) on admission were associated with the fatal outcomes of SFTS. Compared to patients with mild symptoms, patients with severe symptoms had significantly elevated levels of lactic acid dehydrogenase (standard mean difference (SMD) =1.27, 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.94), alanine aminotransferase (SMD = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.85), aspirate aminotransferase (SMD = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.32), and creatine kinase (SMD = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.33) but had reduced platelet counts (SMD = -0.87, 95% CI: − 1.16 to − 0.58) and albumin levels (SMD = -1.00, 95% CI: − 1.32 to − 0.68). The risk factors for poor prognosis included age (mean difference (MD) =6.88, 95% CI: 5.41 to 8.35) and farming (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.06 to 3.80). For the risk factors of contracting SFTS, the incidence of SFTS related to tick bites was 24% [95% CI: 0.18 to 0.31]. The pooled case-fatality rate of SFTS patients was 18% [95% CI: 0.16 to 0.21]. Conclusions China is the country with the highest incidence of SFTS. May to July was the peak of the epidemic, and farmers were a high-risk group. The risk factor for SFTS included age (poor prognosis) and tick bites (contracting SFTS). Patients with severe diarrhea and vomiting symptoms on admission should be noted. Clinicians could use routine laboratory parameters and clinical symptoms as references for clinically suspected cases, classification of SFTS, and timely treatment, especially in basic hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bohao Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingle Li
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanshen Guo
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bianli Xu
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China.
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Li M, Xiong Y, Li M, Zhang W, Liu J, Zhang Y, Xiong S, Zou C, Liang B, Lu M, Yang D, Peng C, Zheng X. Depletion but Activation of CD56 dimCD16 + NK Cells in Acute Infection with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus. Virol Sin 2020; 35:588-598. [PMID: 32430872 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with high mortality (12%-30%). The mechanism by which the SFTS bunyavirus (SFTSV) causes severe illness remains unclear. To evaluate the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the NK cell subsets in SFTS patients, twenty-nine SFTS patients were sequentially sampled from admission until recovery. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of NK cell subsets in circulating blood were analysed via flow cytometry. Then, correlations between NK cell subset frequencies and the SFTS index (SFTSI) were evaluated in all SFTS patients (15 mild, 14 severe) upon admission. The frequencies of CD56dimCD16+ NK cells were greatly decreased in early SFTSV infection and were negatively correlated with disease severity. Additionally, higher Ki-67 and granzyme B expression and relatively lower NKG2A expression in CD56dimCD16+ NK cells were observed in acute infection. Moreover, the effector function of CD56dim NK cells was increased in the acute phase compared with the recovery phase in nine severe SFTS patients. Additionally, interleukin (IL)-15, interferon (IFN)-α, IL-18 and IFN-γ secretion was markedly increased during early infection. Collectively, despite depletion of CD56dimCD16+ NK cells, activation and functional enhancement of CD56dimCD16+ NK cells were still observed, suggesting their involvement in defence against early SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shue Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Congcong Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Boyun Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus non-structural protein activates TPL2 signalling pathway for viral immunopathogenesis. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:429-437. [PMID: 30617349 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus (SFTSV), listed in the World Health Organization Prioritized Pathogens, is an emerging phlebovirus with a high fatality1-4. Owing to the lack of therapies and vaccines5,6, there is a pressing need to understand SFTSV pathogenesis. SFSTV non-structural protein (NSs) has been shown to block type I interferon induction7-11 and facilitate disease progression12,13. Here, we report that SFTSV-NSs targets the tumour progression locus 2 (TPL2)-A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB activation 2 (ABIN2)-p105 complex to induce the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) for viral pathogenesis. Using a combination of reverse genetics, a TPL2 kinase inhibitor and Tpl2-/- mice showed that NSs interacted with ABIN2 and promoted TPL2 complex formation and signalling activity, resulting in the marked upregulation of Il10 expression. Whereas SFTSV infection of wild-type mice led to rapid weight loss and death, Tpl2-/- mice or Il10-/- mice survived an infection. Furthermore, SFTSV-NSs P102A and SFTSV-NSs K211R that lost the ability to induce TPL2 signalling and IL-10 production showed drastically reduced pathogenesis. Remarkably, the exogenous administration of recombinant IL-10 effectively rescued the attenuated pathogenic activity of SFTSV-NSs P102A, resulting in a lethal infection. Our study demonstrates that SFTSV-NSs targets the TPL2 signalling pathway to induce immune-suppressive IL-10 cytokine production as a means to dampen the host defence and promote viral pathogenesis.
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Li MM, Zhang WJ, Weng XF, Li MY, Liu J, Xiong Y, Xiong SE, Zou CC, Wang H, Lu MJ, Yang DL, Peng C, Zheng X. CD4 T cell loss and Th2 and Th17 bias are associated with the severity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Clin Immunol 2018; 195:8-17. [PMID: 30036637 PMCID: PMC7185468 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly emerging infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus with high mortality. Immune suppression is thought to be crucial in disease progression. However, data on immune responses during SFTS are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in CD4 T-cell subsets throughout the entirety of infection and analyse their relationships with disease severity in SFTS patients. In parallel with CD4 T-cell depletion, decreased Th1, Th2 and Treg numbers, but comparable Th17-cell numbers, were observed in deceased patients compared with those in surviving patients. Additionally, increased Th2 and Th17-cell percentages in the residual CD4 T-cell population led to aberrant Th2/Th1 and Th17/Treg ratios, which were positively correlated with disease severity. Collectively, our data indicated that CD4 T-cell deficiency, Th2 and Th17 bias were closely correlated with the severity of SFTS, indicating therapeutic potential of early immune interventions to ameliorate disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Weng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-E Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Cong Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Ji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Dong-Liang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Dynamic changes in the immunological characteristics of T lymphocytes in surviving patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Int J Infect Dis 2018; 70:72-80. [PMID: 29550447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with high mortality. T cell deficiency has recently been described, but the changes in T cell functionality during acute SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection and the mechanisms leading to T lymphocyte death remain largely unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate T cell functionality and the expression of apoptotic/proliferation and activation/inhibition markers during acute SFTSV infection. METHODS Twenty-eight surviving SFTS patients were sequentially sampled during their entire hospital stay. SFTSV RNA copies were investigated using real-time RT-PCR. The expression levels of apoptotic markers (annexin V and CD95) and proliferation and activation markers (Ki-67, HLA-DR, and CD25) and the expression levels of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and granzyme B in T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry for the SFTS patients. RESULTS In parallel with T cell depletion, higher annexin V and CD95 expression was observed in SFTS patients. Additionally, the expression levels of Ki-67, HLA-DR, CD25, and PD-1 and the levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B in T lymphocytes were markedly increased in the SFTS patients. CONCLUSIONS T cell proliferation, activation, and functional enhancement were apparent despite the observation of T cell apoptosis, suggesting that these processes are involved in the complex protective response to SFTSV infection.
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25
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Chen Y, Jia B, Liu Y, Huang R, Chen J, Wu C. Risk factors associated with fatality of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89119-89129. [PMID: 29179504 PMCID: PMC5687674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is an emerging life-threatening infectious disease identified in 2009. Given high case-fatality rate among patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, identification of the risk factors at acute phase associated with fatality is crucial for treatment. Therefore, we aimed to meta-analytically evaluate risk factors of fatal clinical outcome of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. 238 fatal cases and 873 non-fatal cases from 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Elder age and high viral load were significantly associated with fatal clinical outcome. Further, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients with fatal clinical outcome had significantly reduced level of albumin and platelet count, higher level of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspirate aminotransferase, lactic acid dehydrogenase and creatinine phosphokinase, and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, comparing with mild patients. These disturbed parameters function as predictors to warn fatal clinical outcome of the disease. Moreover, ribavirin has a minimal impact to alleviate disease progression of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. In conclusion, our finding demonstrates a panel of factors associated with fatality of SFTS disease, which have important implications during clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhan J, Wang Q, Cheng J, Hu B, Li J, Zhan F, Song Y, Guo D. Current status of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China. Virol Sin 2017; 32:51-62. [PMID: 28251515 PMCID: PMC6598917 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTSV is associated with a high mortality rate and has been reported in China, South Korea and Japan. SFTSV undergoes rapid changes owing to evolution, gene mutations, and reassortment between different strains of SFTSV. In this review, we summarize the recent cases and general properties of SFTS, focusing on the epidemiology, genetic diversity, clinical features, and diagnostics of SFTSV in China. From 2010 to October 2016, SFTS cases were reported in 23 provinces of China, with increased numbers yearly. Infection and death cases are mainly found in central China, where the Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks are spread. The national average mortality rate of SFTS infection was 5.3%, with higher risk to elder people. The main epidemic period was from May to July, with a peak in May. Thus, SFTS reminds a significant public health problem, and development of prophylactic vaccines and effective antiviral drugs will be highly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhan
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jing Li
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Faxian Zhan
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Yi Song
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Deyin Guo
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Matsuno K, Orba Y, Maede-White K, Scott D, Feldmann F, Liang M, Ebihara H. Animal Models of Emerging Tick-Borne Phleboviruses: Determining Target Cells in a Lethal Model of SFTSV Infection. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:104. [PMID: 28194148 PMCID: PMC5276813 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of clinical manifestations caused by newly emerging tick-borne phleboviruses [i.e., Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and Heartland virus (HRTV)], such as severe thrombocytopenia and lymphocytopenia, are not yet fully understood. In the present study, to establish an animal model mimicking the profile of fatal human cases, we examined the susceptibilities of adult mice from 12 strains, aged mice from two strains, and cynomolgus macaques to SFTSV and/or HRTV infections. However, none of these immunocompetent animals developed lethal diseases after infection with SFTSV or HRTV. Thus, we tested a lethal animal model of SFTSV infection using interferon-α/β receptor knock-out (IFNAR-/-) mice to identify the target cell(s) of virus infection, as well as lesions that are potentially associated with hematological changes. IbaI-positive macrophages and Pax5-positive immature B cells overlapped with SFTSV-positive cells in the spleen and lymph nodes of IFNAR-/- mice, and IbaI-SFTSV-double positive cells were also observed in the liver and kidney, thereby suggesting crucial roles for macrophages in the pathogenesis of SFTSV infection in mice. In the mandibular lymph nodes and spleens of infected mice, we observed extensive necrosis comprising B220-positive B cells, which may be associated with severe lymphocytopenia. The results of this study suggest a resemblance between the IFNAR-/- mouse model and lethal infections in humans, as well as roles for multiple cells during pathogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Matsuno
- Molecular Virology and Host-Pathogen Interaction Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, HamiltonMT, USA; Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimberly Maede-White
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton MT, USA
| | - Dana Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton MT, USA
| | - Mifang Liang
- NHFPC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Beijing, China
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Molecular Virology and Host-Pathogen Interaction Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, HamiltonMT, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, RochesterMN, USA
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Xiong S, Zhang W, Li M, Xiong Y, Li M, Wang H, Yang D, Peng C, Zheng X. A simple and practical score model for predicting the mortality of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5708. [PMID: 28033271 PMCID: PMC5207567 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging disease with a high fatality rate. The risk factors for death are not clearly identified, and there is no clinical score model to predict the prognosis. We retrospectively collected the clinical information of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters of SFTS patients on admission. After analyzing the clinical characteristics of 179 SFTS patients, we found that an elevated level of neurologic symptoms, respiratory symptoms, viral load, and a lower level of monocyte percentage were the critical risk factors for mortality. We used the 4 variables to assemble a score formula named the SFTS index [SFTSI = 5 × Neurologic symptoms-level + 4 × Respiratory symptoms-level + 3 × LG10 Viral load - 2 × LN Monocyte% - 7]. The AURC of this model was 0.964, which was higher than the AURC 0.913 of the viral load especially among the patients with higher viral loads (0.936 vs 0.821). We identified that the neurologic symptoms, respiratory symptoms, viral load, and monocyte percentage were the critical risk factors for SFTS mortality. The clinical score model of SFTSI provides a practical method for clinicians to stratify patients with SFTS and to adopt prompt effective treatment strategies.
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Decreased myeloid dendritic cells indicate a poor prognosis in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 54:113-120. [PMID: 27915109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly emerging infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus in which host immune system suppression is thought to be crucial in the development of disease. This study was designed to study the frequencies and activation status of dendritic cells (DCs) at different stages of SFTS and their association with disease severity. METHODS All confirmed SFTS patients (N=115) were recruited from the Wuhan Union Hospital in 2015; routine laboratory parameters were collected. The frequencies, phenotypes, and subsets of circulating DCs, including myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (mDCs and pDCs), were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA. The laboratory parameters and other clinical events related to mortality were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS The frequency of circulating mDCs, especially from day 9 after disease onset, could serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker for the outcome in SFTS patients (area under the curve=0.929, p<0.0001). In addition, persistent down-regulation of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80/CD86 on the mDCs was observed during the disease process. Moreover, levels of mDCs were inversely correlated with the production of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α and with viral load at admission. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that DCs might be functionally impaired in SFTS. A decreased level of circulating mDCs was closely correlated with the severity of SFTS.
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