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Zhao Y, Xu S, Zhang X, Wang L, Huang Y, Wu S, Wu Q. The Effectiveness of Improving Infectious Disease-Specific Health Literacy Among Residents: WeChat-Based Health Education Intervention Program. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e46841. [PMID: 37556189 PMCID: PMC10448287 DOI: 10.2196/46841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious disease-specific health literacy (IDSHL) has become an important determinant of infectious disease incidence. It can not only reduce the incidence of re-emerging infectious diseases, but also effectively prevent the emergence of new infectious diseases such as COVID-19. WeChat, as a new media, has been proven to greatly reduce the chance of infectious diseases spreading from person to person, especially in case of respiratory infections. However, there is currently no concrete health education invention program to improve IDSHL using a WeChat public account. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the IDSHL of the population in Zhejiang, China; (2) to develop a health education program for the improvement of IDSHL using a WeChat public account; and (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of the health education program that was implemented in the prevention of infectious disease outbreaks. METHODS We used a standardized questionnaire, which consisted of 28 closed-ended questions, to measure the level and score of IDSHL before and after intervention. A multiple-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to select study participants from Zhejiang province in China, who were further divided randomly into 2 groups: the intervention and control groups. From July 2014 to January 2015, a WeChat-based health education intervention program was carried out on the intervention group. Standard descriptive statistics and chi-square and t tests were conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 3001 residents participated in the baseline survey of this study. At baseline, participant IDSHL rates were 73.29% and 72.12% for the intervention and control groups, respectively (Χ21=0.5; P=.50). After 7 months of intervention, 9.90% (297/3001) of participants dropped out of the study. Of the lost participants, 119 were from the intervention group and 178 were from the control group. There were significant differences between follow-up and lost participants with respect to age (P=.04), marital status (P=.02) and occupations (P=.002). After intervention, the intervention group scores in the different domains were higher than those in the control group (infectious disease-related knowledge, prevention, management, or treatment, identification of pathogens and infection sources, and cognitive ability). There were significant improvements in the IDSHL of participants in both the intervention and control groups (Χ21=135.9; P<.001 vs Χ21=9.1; P=.003), and there was a greater change in the IDSHL among the intervention group participants than among the control group participants (1230/1359, 90.51% vs 1038/1359, 77.17%). CONCLUSIONS The health education intervention program using a WeChat public account proved to be an effective, feasible, and well-accepted means to improve the IDSHL of the general population. In the future, this health education intervention program can be used as a reference for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusui Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health Education, Hanghzhou, China
| | - Shuiyang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health Education, Hanghzhou, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health Education, Hanghzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health Education, Hanghzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health Education, Hanghzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health Education, Hanghzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health Education, Hanghzhou, China
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Wang X, Abliz P, Deng S. Molecular Characteristics of Macrolide Resistance in Treponema pallidum from Patients with Latent Syphilis in Xinjiang, China. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:1231-1236. [PMID: 36891379 PMCID: PMC9986466 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s400068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macrolide resistance in Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) has been increasing in recent years worldwide. However, few data are available on macrolide resistance in T. pallidum from Xinjiang province, located in the western part of China, which is an area with a high incidence of syphilis. In this study, we investigated the molecular characteristics of macrolide resistance in T. pallidum from patients with latent syphilis in Xinjiang, China. Methods In total, 204 whole blood samples were collected from patients with latent syphilis during 2016 to 2017, in the First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. Genomic DNA of blood samples was extracted using a QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and T. pallidum was detected by PCR with the specific polA gene of T. pallidum. The 23S rRNA gene of T. pallidum was amplified among the T. pallidum-positive samples by nested PCR, and macrolide resistance-associated mutation sites A2058G and A2059G in the 23S rRNA gene were identified using restriction enzymes MboII and BsaI. Results The specific polA gene of T. pallidum (T. pallidum positive) was detected in 27 blood samples (13.2%) from 204 patients with latent syphilis. The 23S rRNA gene was then amplified in all 27 T. pallidum-positive samples, among which 24/27 samples (88.9%) harbored the A2058G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene and 3/27 (11.1%) had the A2059G mutation. Conclusion Our results indicated that T. pallidum macrolide resistance should not be ignored in Xinjiang, China, and that A2058G was the predominant macrolide resistance mechanism. Blood may be a suitable specimen for the detection of resistant mutations of T. pallidum in patients with latent syphilis who do not show any clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Paride Abliz
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Deng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Han L, Xiong W, Li M, Li R, Wu J, Tang X, Ling L, Liu X. Couple-level determinants of syphilis infection among heterosexual married couples of reproductive age in Guangdong Province, China: A population-based cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1004246. [PMID: 36324455 PMCID: PMC9620861 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1004246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Syphilis remains a major public health problem worldwide, and its prevention requires knowledge of factors that go beyond the individual-level. However, most syphilis-related studies have focused on individual-level and regional-level factors, neglecting couple-level factors. Thus, this study aimed to explore couple-level determinants of syphilis infection among heterosexual married couples. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study used data from heterosexual married couples who participated in the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project in Guangdong Province, China during 2014-2019. The syphilis infection was tested by the rapid plasma reagin test. Couple-level data were obtained by combining information provided by the man and woman living in the same household. Multivariate logistic models were employed to explore the couple-level determinants of syphilis infection by gender after adjusting for potential confounders. Results A total of 1,755,156 couples were recruited in this analysis. The seroprevalence was 0.25% (95%CI: 0.24-0.25%) and 0.26% (95%CI: 0.25-0.27%) among men and women, respectively. The median age was 28.0 (interquartile range, IQR: 25.0-31.0) years, and the median duration of marriage was 0.2 (IQR: 0.0-2.5) years. After adjusting for individual and regional-level variables, duration of marriage was a protective factor for syphilis infection in men (adjusted odds ratios, AOR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96-0.98) and women (AOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.94-0.96). The age gap and the difference in education level between the husband and wife were associated with syphilis infection, but these associations were somewhat different between men and women. Condom use was negatively associated with syphilis infection in men (AOR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.70-0.84) and women (AOR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.71-0.84). Our results also showed that couple mobility and the number of children were not statistically significant determinants of syphilis infection among heterosexual married couples. Conclusion This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of syphilis outcomes in individuals in the context of marriage in China. Several couple-level factors are indeed associated with syphilis infection, but these associations differ between men and women. Couple-based strategies that engage both women and men and efforts to promote condom use among heterosexual married couples need to be developed and further evaluated for syphilis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxue Xiong
- Faculty of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhen Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Faculty of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Wu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijia Tang
- Faculty of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ling
- Faculty of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Clinical Research Design Division, Clinical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Li Ling
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaohua Liu
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Wang R, Li X, Hu Z, Jing W, Zhao Y. Spatial Heterogeneity and Its Influencing Factors of Syphilis in Ningxia, Northwest China, from 2004 to 2017: A Spatial Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10541. [PMID: 36078254 PMCID: PMC9518519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Syphilis remains a growing and resurging infectious disease in China. However, exploring the influence of environmental factors on the spatiotemporal distribution of syphilis remains under explore. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of syphilis in Ningxia, Northwest China, and its potential environmental influencing factors. Based on the standardized incidence ratio of syphilis for 22 administrative areas in Ningxia from 2004 to 2017, spatiotemporal autocorrelation and scan analyses were employed to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of syphilis incidence, while a fixed-effect spatial panel regression model identified the potential factors affecting syphilis incidence. Syphilis incidence increased from 3.78/100,000 in 2004 to 54.69/100,000 in 2017 with significant spatial clustering in 2007 and 2009-2013. The "high-high" and "low-low" clusters were mainly distributed in northern and southern Ningxia, respectively. The spatial error panel model demonstrated that the syphilis incidence may be positively correlated with the per capita GDP and tertiary industry GDP and negatively correlated with the number of health facilities and healthcare personnel. Sex ratio and meteorological factors were not significantly associated with syphilis incidence. These results show that the syphilis incidence in Ningxia is still increasing and has significant spatial distribution differences and clustering. Socio-economic and health-resource factors could affect the incidence; therefore, strengthening syphilis surveillance of migrants in the economically developed region and allocating health resources to economically underdeveloped areas may effectively help prevent and control syphilis outbreaks in high-risk cluster areas of Ningxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Zengyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenjun Jing
- School of Statistics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan 750001, China
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Cao Y, Li M, Haihambo N, Zhu Y, Zeng Y, Jin J, Qiu J, Li Z, Liu J, Teng J, Li S, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Wang X, Li Y, Feng X, Han C. Oscillatory properties of class C notifiable infectious diseases in China from 2009 to 2021. Front Public Health 2022; 10:903025. [PMID: 36033737 PMCID: PMC9402928 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.903025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemics of infectious diseases have a great negative impact on people's daily life. How it changes over time and what kind of laws it obeys are important questions that researchers are always interested in. Among the characteristics of infectious diseases, the phenomenon of recrudescence is undoubtedly of great concern. Understanding the mechanisms of the outbreak cycle of infectious diseases could be conducive for public health policies to the government. Method In this study, we collected time-series data for nine class C notifiable infectious diseases from 2009 to 2021 using public datasets from the National Health Commission of China. Oscillatory power of each infectious disease was captured using the method of the power spectrum analysis. Results We found that all the nine class C diseases have strong oscillations, which could be divided into three categories according to their oscillatory frequencies each year. Then, we calculated the oscillation power and the average number of infected cases of all nine diseases in the first 6 years (2009-2015) and the next 6 years (2015-2021) since the update of the surveillance system. The change of oscillation power is positively correlated to the change in the number of infected cases. Moreover, the diseases that break out in summer are more selective than those in winter. Conclusion Our results enable us to better understand the oscillation characteristics of class C infectious diseases and provide guidance and suggestions for the government's prevention and control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Cao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meijia Li
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Naem Haihambo
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yuyao Zhu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyi Qiu
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirui Li
- Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Washington, SA, United States
| | - Jiayi Teng
- School of Psychology, Philosophy and Language Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sixiao Li
- Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Cultures, School of Music, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yanan Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing, China
| | - Xixi Zhao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiong Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Feng
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanliang Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
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Xia D, Yuan L, Zhou Q, Chen S, Chen X, Yin Y. Performance evaluation of eight treponemal antibody tests in China. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 104:115790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Solaimalai D, Gupta A, George L, Manesh A, Karthik R, Sathishkumar D, Peter CVD, Varghese GM, Pulimood SA, Kannangai R, Prakash JAJ. Upward trends of syphilis in the non-pregnant adults: A six-year report on clinical and epidemiological profile of syphilis from a tertiary care center, India. Front Public Health 2022; 10:908591. [PMID: 35958862 PMCID: PMC9359669 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.908591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2000, a resurgence of syphilis has been noted in many developed and developing countries, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). Incidence and prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women have been reduced drastically by mandatory screening in early pregnancy. Insufficient data in other populations especially from developing countries limit targeted public health interventions. This study aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of serologically confirmed syphilis cases among the non-pregnant high-risk group reporting to a tertiary care center in Southern India. A retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care center in Southern India for 6 years from 2015 to 2020. A total of 265 serologically confirmed syphilis patients were included. A statistically significant increase in positivity from 0.52 to 2.1% was observed in this study (2015 to 2020). Among risk factors, high-risk behavior with multiple heterosexual partners was the commonest (51.3%), followed by marital partners who tested positive (9.4%) and MSM (7.5%). The majority of the patients were diagnosed at the latent stage (79%), followed by secondary syphilis (10%) and tertiary syphilis (8%). A quarter of patients (23%) were coinfected with HIV. Serological non-responsiveness was more common among HIV infected (47 vs. 24%). Sixteen had neurosyphilis and six had ocular involvement. HIV co-infection complicated 50% (8/16) of neurosyphilis patients. Syphilis is still prevalent, especially in high-risk groups including those are attending STI clinics. Further prospective multicentric studies are needed to identify and implement public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankan Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Leni George
- Department of Dermatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Abi Manesh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Rajiv Karthik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - C. V Dincy Peter
- Department of Dermatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - George M Varghese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Rajesh Kannangai
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - John AJ Prakash
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- *Correspondence: John AJ Prakash
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Zhao X, Li M, Haihambo N, Jin J, Zeng Y, Qiu J, Guo M, Zhu Y, Li Z, Liu J, Teng J, Li S, Zhao YN, Cao Y, Wang X, Li Y, Gao M, Feng X, Han C. Changes in temporal properties for epidemics of notifiable infectious diseases in China during the COVID-19 epidemic: population-based surveillance study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e35343. [PMID: 35649394 PMCID: PMC9231598 DOI: 10.2196/35343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 was first reported in 2019, and the Chinese government immediately carried out stringent and effective control measures in response to the epidemics. OBJECTIVE These non-pharmaceutical interventions may have impacted incidences of other infectious diseases as well. Potential explanations underlying this reduction, however, are not clear. Hence, in this study, we aimed to study the influence of the COVID-19 prevention policies on other infectious diseases (mainly class B infectious diseases) in China. METHODS The time-series datasets between 2017 and 2021 for 23 notifiable infectious diseases were extracted from public datasets from the National Health Commission of China. Several indices (peak and trough amplitude, infection selectivity, preferred time to outbreak, oscillatory strength) of each infectious disease were calculated before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. RESULTS We found that the prevention and control policies for COVID-19 had a strong significant reduction effect on outbreaks of other infectious diseases. A clear event-related trough (ERT) was observed after the outbreak of COVID-19 under the strict control policies, and its decreasing amplitude is related to the infection selectivity and preferred outbreak time of the disease before the COVID-19. We also calculated the oscillatory strength before and after the COVID-19 outbreak and found that it is significantly stronger before the COVID-19 outbreak, and does not correlate with the trough amplitude. CONCLUSIONS Our results directly demonstrate that prevention policies for the COVID-19 have immediate additional benefits for controlling most class B infectious diseases, and several factors (infection selectivity, preferred outbreak time) may have contributed to the reduction of outbreaks. This study may guide the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions to control a wider range of infectious diseases. CLINICALTRIAL
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, CN.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, CN
| | - Meijia Li
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, BE
| | - Naem Haihambo
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, BE
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, CN
| | - Yimeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal Univeristy, Beijing, CN
| | - Jinyi Qiu
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, CN
| | - Mingrou Guo
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, CN.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, CN
| | - Yuyao Zhu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, CN
| | - Zhirui Li
- Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, CN
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, US
| | - Jiayi Teng
- School of Psychology, Philosophy and Language Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, GB
| | - Sixiao Li
- School of music, Faculty of Arts, University of Leeds, Leeds, GB
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, CN
| | - Yanxiang Cao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, CN.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, CN
| | - Xuemei Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, CN.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, CN
| | - Yaqiong Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, CN.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, CN
| | | | - Xiaoyang Feng
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, CN
| | - Chuanliang Han
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China 518055, Shenzhen, CN.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, CN
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9
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Tang S, Shi L, Chen W, Zhao P, Zheng H, Yang B, Wang C, Ling L. Spatiotemporal distribution and sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors associated with primary and secondary syphilis in Guangdong, China, 2005-2017. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009621. [PMID: 34383788 PMCID: PMC8407558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies exploring the factors associated with the incidence of syphilis have mostly focused on individual-level factors. However, recent evidence has indicated that social-level factors, such as sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, also affect the incidence of syphilis. Studies on the sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors associated with syphilis incidence are scarce, and they have rarely controlled for spatial effects, even though syphilis shows spatial autocorrelation. Methodology/Principal findings Syphilis data from 21 cities in Guangdong province between 2005 and 2017 were provided by the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System. The incidence time series, incidence map, and space-time scanning data were used to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution. The spatial panel data model was then applied to explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors (population density, net migration rate, male:female ratio, and the number of health institutions per 1,000 residents), socioeconomic factors (gross domestic product per capita, the proportion of secondary/tertiary industry), and the incidence of primary and secondary syphilis after controlling for spatial effects. The incidence of syphilis increased slowly from 2005 (11.91 per 100,000) to 2011 (13.42 per 100,000) and then began to decrease, reaching 6.55 per 100,000 in 2017. High-risk clusters of syphilis tended to shift from developed areas to underdeveloped areas. An inverted U-shaped relationship was found between syphilis incidence and gross domestic product per capita. Moreover, syphilis incidence was significantly associated with population density (β = 2.844, P = 0.006), the number of health institutions per 1,000 residents (β = -0.095, P = 0.007), and the net migration rate (β = -0.219, P = 0.002). Conclusions/Significance Our findings suggest that the incidence of primary and secondary syphilis first increase before decreasing as economic development increases further. These results emphasize the necessity to prevent syphilis in regions at the early stages of economic growth. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that continues to cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. The primary and secondary stages of syphilis are the most transmissive stages in the entire process of the disease. We analyzed primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis data from 2005 to 2017 in Guangzhou, China, provided by the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System. The results showed that the annual incidence rates of P&S syphilis slightly increased from 2005 to 2011 and then began to decrease in 2017. Cases of P&S syphilis were spatially clustered. The high-risk syphilis clusters tended to shift from developed areas to underdeveloped areas. There may be an inverted U-shaped relationship between the level of economic development and the incidence of P&S syphilis, suggesting that the incidence of P&S syphilis first increased before decreasing as the level of economic development increased further. These results emphasize the necessity of preventing syphilis at locations in the early stage of economic growth. Investments in syphilis prevention education for people in regions at early development stages may mitigate the increasing cost of syphilis to future healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangqing Tang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lishuo Shi
- Clinical Research Center, The sixth affiliated hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peizhen Zhao
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Disease, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Disease, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Disease, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Disease, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (CW); (LL)
| | - Li Ling
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (CW); (LL)
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10
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Jiang Y, Dou X, Yan C, Wan L, Liu H, Li M, Wang R, Li G, Zhao L, Liu Z, Zhao X, Wan K. Epidemiological characteristics and trends of notifiable infectious diseases in China from 1986 to 2016. J Glob Health 2021; 10:020803. [PMID: 33214900 PMCID: PMC7649044 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the 1980s, China has undergone significant social change and the incidence of infectious diseases has also changed considerably. Here, we report the epidemiological features and changes in notifiable infectious diseases in China from 1986 to 2016 to explore the factors contributing to the successful control of infectious diseases and the challenges faced in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods The data of notifiable infectious diseases in China from 1986 to 2016 were collected from the monthly analysis report of the National Infectious Disease Surveillance System. Joinpoint regression models were used to examine incidence and mortality trends from 1986 to 2016. IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0, Excel 2010 and R x64 3.5.2 were used for data analysis. Results A total of 132 858 005 cases of notifiable infectious diseases were reported over these 31 years, with an average yearly incidence of 342.14/100 000. There were 284 694 deaths with an average yearly mortality rate of 0.73/100 000. The overall incidence and overall mortality of notifiable infectious diseases both showed a "U" distribution (ie, a decrease, stable, an increase, stable again). The top five diseases in terms of incidence were hand, foot and mouth disease, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, other infectious causes of diarrhea and dysentery, accounting for 78.0% of all reported cases. The top five causes of death were HIV/AIDS, rabies, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis and epidemic encephalitis B, which accounted for 76.07% of all mortalities. The diseases with the top five fatality rates were rabies, H5N1, H7N9, HIV/AIDS and plague, with rates of 91.06%, 66.07%, 38.51%, 25.19% and 10.31%, respectively. Conclusions This analysis will benefit the future monitoring of infectious diseases and public health measures in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Dou
- Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chenqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haican Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Machao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruibai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guilian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kanglin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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11
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Han C, Li M, Haihambo N, Cao Y, Zhao X. Enlightenment on oscillatory properties of 23 class B notifiable infectious diseases in the mainland of China from 2004 to 2020. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252803. [PMID: 34106977 PMCID: PMC8189525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of infectious diseases occur in mainland China every year. Cyclic oscillation is a widespread attribute of most viral human infections. Understanding the outbreak cycle of infectious diseases can be conducive for public health management and disease surveillance. In this study, we collected time-series data for 23 class B notifiable infectious diseases from 2004 to 2020 using public datasets from the National Health Commission of China. Oscillatory properties were explored using power spectrum analysis. We found that the 23 class B diseases from the dataset have obvious oscillatory patterns (seasonal or sporadic), which could be divided into three categories according to their oscillatory power in different frequencies each year. These diseases were found to have different preferred outbreak months and infection selectivity. Diseases that break out in autumn and winter are more selective. Furthermore, we calculated the oscillation power and the average number of infected cases of all 23 diseases in the first eight years (2004 to 2012) and the next eight years (2012 to 2020) since the update of the surveillance system. A strong positive correlation was found between the change of oscillation power and the change in the number of infected cases, which was consistent with the simulation results using a conceptual hybrid model. The establishment of reliable and effective analytical methods contributes to a better understanding of infectious diseases’ oscillation cycle characteristics. Our research has certain guiding significance for the effective prevention and control of class B infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (CH)
| | - Meijia Li
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Naem Haihambo
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xixi Zhao
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (CH)
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12
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Exploring Vector-Borne Disease Surveillance and Response Systems in Beijing, China: A Qualitative Study from the Health System Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228512. [PMID: 33212908 PMCID: PMC7698447 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Climate change may contribute to higher incidence and wider geographic spread of vector borne diseases (VBDs). Effective monitoring and surveillance of VBDs is of paramount importance for the prevention of and timely response to outbreaks. Although international regulations exist to support this, barriers and operational challenges within countries hamper efficient monitoring. As a first step to optimise VBD surveillance and monitoring, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of system characteristics and experiences in to date non-endemic regions at risk of becoming endemic in the future. Therefore, this study qualitatively analyses the nature and flexibility of VBD surveillance and response in Beijing. Methods: In this qualitative study, eleven experts working in Beijing’s vector-borne diseases surveillance and response system were interviewed about vector-borne disease surveillance, early warning, response, and strengths and weaknesses of the current approach. Results: Vector-borne disease surveillance occurs using passive syndromic surveillance and separate vector surveillance. Public health authorities use internet reporting networks to determine vector-borne disease risk across Beijing. Response toward a vector-borne disease outbreak is uncommon in this setting due to the currently low occurrence of outbreaks. Conclusions: A robust network of centralised institutions provides the continuity and flexibility needed to adapt and manage possible vector-borne disease threats. Opportunities exist for population-based health promotion and the integration of environment and climate monitoring in vector-borne disease surveillance.
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13
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Hai Y, Wang WR, Hua Y, Guo WD, Song J, Han S, Zhang YG, Jiang XF, Zhang XH, Li ZJ, Li W, Liang XD, Han RL, Wei JC, Liu ZG. Changed epidemiology of anthrax and molecular characteristics of Bacillus anthracis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2250-2260. [PMID: 33048441 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Anthrax is a natural foci disease in Inner Mongolia, which poses a severe threat to public health. In this study, the incidence number, rate and constituent ratio were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in the region from 1956-2018. The molecular correlation and genetic characteristics of the strains were investigated using canonical single nucleotide polymorphisms (CanSNP), multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-15) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in Inner Mongolia have altered significantly. The incidence of anthrax has decreased annually without vaccination, and the regional distribution of anthrax gradually transferred from central and western regions to the eastern. Moreover, the occupation distribution evolved from multiple early occupations to predominated by farmers and herdsmen. This change is closely related to policy factors and to changes in the means of production and the living habits of the local population. This indicates that reformulating the control and prevention strategies is essential. Both A. Br. Ames and A. Br. 001/002 subgroups were the predominant CanSNP genotypes of Bacillus anthracis in Inner Mongolia. A total of 36 strains constituted six shared MLVA-15 genotypes, suggesting an epidemiological link between the strains of each shared genotype. The six shared genotypes ([GT1, 9, 11 and 15] and [GT8 and 12]) consisting of 2-7 strains confirmed the occurrence of multiple point outbreaks and cross-regional transmission caused by multiple common sources of infection. Phylogenetic analysis based on the WGS core genome showed that strains from this study formed an independent clade (C.V.), and they were positioned close to each other, suggesting a common origin. Further comparison analysis should be performed to ascertain the geographic origin of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Huhhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Wen-Rui Wang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Yue Hua
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Wei-Dong Guo
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Jian Song
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Song Han
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Yu-Geng Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Jiang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Zhen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Run-Lin Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Huhhot, China
| | - Jian-Chun Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Huhhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China.,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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14
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Ramdas I, Nair S. Profile of communicable diseases reported under integrated disease surveillance programme from a teaching hospital. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4165-4169. [PMID: 33110826 PMCID: PMC7586638 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_552_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Integrated disease surveillance programme (IDSP) maintains laboratory-based disease surveillance system for epidemic prone diseases in our country. This study was undertaken to analyze the epidemiological profile and seasonal variations of various communicable diseases reported to IDSP over a 5-year period from 2014 to 2018 from our institute. Methods: All laboratory confirmed communicable diseases reported under IDSP over a 5-year period were analyzed for their distribution with respect to epidemiological variables, geographical distribution, and seasonal variation. Statistical Analysis: Data was entered in MS excel sheet and the results expressed as percentages. Results: A total of 3,602 communicable diseases were reported under IDSP during the time period from January 2014 to December 2018. Dengue continues to be the most common reported disease over the years followed by Scrub typhus which had an outbreak in 2018. Furthermore, adult males in the productive age group of 21–30 years are commonly affected by almost all communicable diseases. Seasonal variation was noted in communicable diseases with highest number of cases in the rainy season of October to December in Puducherry as well as a peak in January and June. Conclusions: The pattern of communicable diseases that have been diagnosed and reported will prove to be useful in planning appropriate preventive and containment measures in the near future as well as in creating awareness in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaan Ramdas
- Final Year MBBS Student, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
| | - Shashikala Nair
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
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15
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Khalifa SAM, Mohamed BS, Elashal MH, Du M, Guo Z, Zhao C, Musharraf SG, Boskabady MH, El-Seedi HHR, Efferth T, El-Seedi HR. Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165813. [PMID: 32796733 PMCID: PMC7460286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lately, myriad of novel viruses have emerged causing epidemics such as SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, leading to high mortality rates worldwide. Thus, these viruses represented a challenging threat to mankind, especially considering the miniscule data available at our disposal regarding these novel viruses. The entire world established coordinative relations in research projects regarding drug and vaccine development on the external range, whereas on the internal range, all countries declared it an emergency case through imposing different restrictions related to their border control, large gatherings, school attendance, and most social activities. Pandemic combating plans prioritized all sectors including normal people, medical staff politicians, and scientists collectively shouldered the burden. Through planning and learning the previous lessons from SARS and MERS, healthcare systems could succeed in combating the viral spread and implications of these new pandemics. Different management strategies including social distance, social awareness and isolation represented successful ways to slow down the spread of the pandemic. Furthermore, pre-preparedness of some countries for emergencies is crucial to minimize the consequences of the crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.K.); (H.R.E.-S.); Tel.: +46-700-10-11-13 (S.A.M.K.); +46-700-43-43-43 (H.R.E.-S.)
| | - Briksam S. Mohamed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed H. Elashal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt;
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammad H. Boskabady
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
| | - Haged H. R. El-Seedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University (RSU), 16 Dzirciema iela, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt;
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.K.); (H.R.E.-S.); Tel.: +46-700-10-11-13 (S.A.M.K.); +46-700-43-43-43 (H.R.E.-S.)
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16
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Chen X, Yang R, Liang Y, Yuan T, Zhou J, Wang T, Cui L. Comparison and evaluation of Abbott chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and ChIVD light-initiated chemiluminescent assay in the detection of Treponema pallidum antibody. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23275. [PMID: 32133697 PMCID: PMC7370704 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Laboratory tests play an important role in the diagnosis of syphilis. This study aimed to compare and assess the performance of the Abbott chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and the ChIVD light‐initiated chemiluminescent assay (LICA) in the detection of Treponema pallidum (TP) antibody. Methods A total of 10 498 serum samples were detected with two assays, and the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) methods were used for confirmation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the Abbott CMIA and ChIVD LICA were calculated. The coincidence rate between two assays was also evaluated. The causes of false positive and false negative of two assays were studied. Results For the Abbott CMIA and ChIVD LICA, the sensitivity was 94.44% and 98.15%, the specificity was 99.89% and 99.81%, the positive predictive value was 93.29% and 88.83%, and the negative predictive value was 99.91% and 99.97%, respectively. The coincidence rate between Abbott CMIA and ChIVD LICA was 99.26%, and κ value was .790. The disease of infertility, hypertensive disease, liver disease, and cancer were the common causes of false positive in both assays, while infertility was also the main reason lead to false negative. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the Abbott CMIA and ChIVD LICA generally had high sensitivity and specificity and therefore may be suitable for the detection of TP antibody and screening for syphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongming Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansuo Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Ren H, Wagner AL, Xie JY, Chen KY, Lu YH, Zheng XB, Huang T, Boulton ML, Chen XX. How Do Experts and Nonexperts Want to Promote Vaccines? Hepatitis E Vaccine as Example. Health Serv Insights 2019; 12:1178632919897276. [PMID: 31908473 PMCID: PMC6935764 DOI: 10.1177/1178632919897276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Low- and middle-income countries receive limited guidance from external entities about how to introduce vaccines. This is especially true for the Hepatitis E (HepE) vaccine, which is currently only commercially available in China. The aims of this qualitative study are to identify which attributes of the HepE disease and vaccine are considered important, and to compare desired promotion methods between different stakeholders. Stakeholders included experts (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff, health care providers, and researchers), and nonexperts included members of high-risk populations, HepE cases, and vaccinees. Participants’ thoughts were coded and broadly summarized. We contacted 63 persons—35 experts and 28 nonexperts. Safety and effectiveness (but not price) of the vaccine, along with severity of disease and transmission route of infection, were all listed as important attributes. Emphasizing the importance of sharing stories from cases, relying on personal experiences, staying away from statistical explanations, and using the government as a source of promotion were other points repeatedly raised by the participants. Qualitative interviews with experts and nonexperts has revealed that focusing on attributes of disease severity and susceptibility to infection, as well as vaccine safety and effectiveness within stories of cases, are preferred ways to promote the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- Department of Viral Hepatitis Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Abram L Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jia-Yu Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Department of Viral Hepatitis Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Han Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Bin Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew L Boulton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiang-Xiang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chen XX, Wagner AL, Zheng XB, Xie JY, Boulton ML, Chen KY, Ren H, Lu YH. Hepatitis E vaccine in China: Public health professional perspectives on vaccine promotion and strategies for control. Vaccine 2019; 37:6566-6572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mao Y, Zhang N, Zhu B, Liu J, He R. A descriptive analysis of the Spatio-temporal distribution of intestinal infectious diseases in China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:766. [PMID: 31477044 PMCID: PMC6721277 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal infectious diseases (IIDs) have caused numerous deaths worldwide, particularly among children. In China, eight IIDs are listed as notifiable infectious diseases, including cholera, poliomyelitis, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid (TAP), viral Hepatitis A, viral Hepatitis E, hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and other infectious diarrhoeal diseases (OIDDs). The aim of the study is to analyse the spatio-temporal distribution of IIDs from 2006 to 2016. METHODS Data on the incidence of IIDs from 2006 to 2016 were collected from the public health science data centre issued by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. This study applied seasonal decomposition analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis and space-time scan analysis. Plots and maps were constructed to visualize the spatio-temporal distribution of IIDs. RESULTS Regarding temporal analysis, the incidence of HFMD and Hepatitis E showed a distinct increasing trend, while the incidence of TAP, dysentery, and Hepatitis A presented decreasing trends over the last decade. The incidence of OIID remained steady. Summer is the season with the greatest number of cases of different IIDs. Regarding the spatial distribution, approximately all p values for the global Moran's I from 2006 to 2016 were less than 0.05, indicating that the incidences of the epidemics were unevenly distributed throughout the country. The high-risk areas for HFMD and OIDD were located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan (BTT) region and south China. The high-risk areas for TAP were located in some parts of southwest China. A higher incidence rates for dysentery and Hepatitis A were observed in the BTT region and some west provincial units. The high-risk areas for Hepatitis E were the BTT region and the Yangtze River Delta area. CONCLUSIONS Based on our temporal and spatial analysis of IIDs, we identified the high-risk periods and clusters of regions for the diseases. HFMD and OIDD exhibited high incidence rates, which reflected the negligence of Class C diseases by the government. At the same time, the incidence rate of Hepatitis E gradually surpassed Hepatitis A. The authorities should pay more attention to Class C diseases and Hepatitis E. Regardless of the various distribution patterns of IIDs, disease-specific, location-specific, and disease-combined interventions should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Department of Public Policy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Rongxin He
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
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Wang Y, Xu C, Zhang S, Wang Z, Yang L, Zhu Y, Yuan J. Temporal trends analysis of tuberculosis morbidity in mainland China from 1997 to 2025 using a new SARIMA-NARNNX hybrid model. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024409. [PMID: 31371283 PMCID: PMC6678063 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major deadly threat in mainland China. Early warning and advanced response systems play a central role in addressing such a wide-ranging threat. The purpose of this study is to establish a new hybrid model combining a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model and a non-linear autoregressive neural network with exogenous input (NARNNX) model to understand the future epidemiological patterns of TB morbidity. METHODS We develop a SARIMA-NARNNX hybrid model for forecasting future levels of TB incidence based on data containing 255 observations from January 1997 to March 2018 in mainland China, and the ultimate simulating and forecasting performances were compared with the basic SARIMA, non-linear autoregressive neural network (NARNN) and error-trend-seasonal (ETS) approaches, as well as the SARIMA-generalised regression neural network (GRNN) and SARIMA-NARNN hybrid techniques. RESULTS In terms of the root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean error rate and mean absolute percentage error, the identified best-fitting SARIMA-NARNNX combined model with 17 hidden neurons and 4 feedback delays had smaller values in both in-sample simulating scheme and the out-of-sample forecasting scheme than the preferred single SARIMA(2,1,3)(0,1,1)12 model, a NARNN with 19 hidden neurons and 6 feedback delays and ETS(M,A,A), and the best-performing SARIMA-GRNN and SARIMA-NARNN models with 32 hidden neurons and 6 feedback delays. Every year, there was an obvious high-risk season for the notified TB cases in March and April. Importantly, the epidemic levels of TB from 2006 to 2017 trended slightly downward. According to the projection results from 2018 to 2025, TB incidence will continue to drop by 3.002% annually but will remain high. CONCLUSIONS The new SARIMA-NARNNX combined model visibly outperforms the other methods. This hybrid model should be used for forecasting the long-term epidemic patterns of TB, and it may serve as a beneficial and effective tool for controlling this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chunjie Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengkui Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhende Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Juxiang Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Call for Papers: Infectious Disease Research in China. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:788. [PMID: 31195798 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lin Y, Xu M, Zhang X, Zhang T. An exploratory study of factors associated with human brucellosis in mainland China based on time-series-cross-section data from 2005 to 2016. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208292. [PMID: 31199806 PMCID: PMC6568380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Many studies focused on reasons behind the increasing incidence and the spread of human brucellosis in mainland China, yet most of them lacked comprehensive consideration with quantitative evidence. Hence, this study aimed to further investigate the epidemic mechanism and associated factors of human brucellosis so as to provide thoughts for future countermeasures in China and the rest of the world. Methods Data of human brucellosis incidence and some associated factors in economy, animal husbandry, transportation as well as health and hygiene were collected at provincial level from 2005–2016. Time series plots were first used to visualize the annual incidence and annual rate of change of human brucellosis for each province, then cluster analysis categorized all the 31 provinces of mainland China based on their incidence time series during the study period. In addition, according to the characteristics of data, the dynamic panel data model in combination with supervised principal component analysis was proposed to explore effects of associated factors on human brucellosis. Results 1. The incidence rate of human brucellosis in mainland China increased three-fold from 1.41 per 100,000 people in 2005 to 4.22 per 100,000 people in 2014, though it went down a little in 2015 and 2016. Incidence rates in the north have always been higher than those in the south, but the latter also experienced an upward trend especially between 2012 and 2016. 2. The 31 provinces of mainland China were categorized into three clusters, and each cluster had its own characteristics of incidence time series. 3. The impact of health and hygiene situations on the prevention and control work of human brucellosis was still very limited and trivial (regression coefficient = -0.02). Therefore, it was plausible to presume that improving the personal average number of medical institutes and the proportion of rural medical expenditure might be helpful in preventing and controlling human brucellosis. Conclusions The epidemic status of human brucellosis has changed in both spatial and temporal dimensions in recent years in mainland China. Apart from traditional control measures, more attention should be paid to the improvement of medical healthcare especially in rural areas in the hope of enhancing the control effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minghan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Applied Biostatistics Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Chen X, Gong P, Wagner AL, Li Y, Wang G, Lu Y. Identification of hepatitis E virus subtype 4f in blood donors in Shanghai, China. Virus Res 2019; 265:30-33. [PMID: 30836112 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been divided into eight genotypes and approximately thirty subtypes. Past studies of blood donors have revealed a substantial prevalence of HEV infection. We examined anti-HEV antibodies and HEV RNA in Chinese voluntary blood donors (VBDs). Blood specimens were collected during 2010-2011, 2014-2015, and 2018, and tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies. HEV RNA was tested using real-time PCR and nested reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Phylogenetic analysis determined the genotype using MEGA 7.0. Among 4044 VBDs, 2774 were men (68.6%). In total, 19.8% and 1.1% of the VBDs were reactive to anti-HEV IgG and IgM, respectively. The seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG was significantly associated with age and time period (P < 0.05), whereas anti-HEV IgM was associated with anti-Treponema pallidum and time period (P < 0.05). A total of five specimens were positive for HEV RNA with normal ALT levels. Subtype 4f (n=1; in the specimens reactive to anti-HEV IgM) and 4d (n=3; 1 in the specimens reactive to anti-HEV IgM and 2 in the anti-HEV negative specimens) were found. The last specimen positive for HEV RNA was not genotyped due to failure in amplifying the partial sequence. In conclusion, our study identified HEV subtype 4f for the first time in China. Additionally, we confirmed the high prevalence of HEV in Chinese VBDs. These findings suggest a substantial risk of transfusion-transmitted HEV. Therefore, screening for HEV among Chinese VBDs might be warranted to prevent further transfusion-mediated spread of HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Education), Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ping Gong
- Pudong New Area Blood Center, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Abram L Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Education), Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Guanhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Education), Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yihan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Education), Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China.
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Wang Y, Xu C, Wang Z, Yuan J. Seasonality and trend prediction of scarlet fever incidence in mainland China from 2004 to 2018 using a hybrid SARIMA-NARX model. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6165. [PMID: 30671295 PMCID: PMC6339779 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Scarlet fever is recognized as being a major public health issue owing to its increase in notifications in mainland China, and an advanced response based on forecasting techniques is being adopted to tackle this. Here, we construct a new hybrid method incorporating seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) with a nonlinear autoregressive with external input(NARX) to analyze its seasonality and trend in order to efficiently prevent and control this re-emerging disease. Methods Four statistical models, including a basic SARIMA, basic nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) method, traditional SARIMA-NAR and new SARIMA-NARX hybrid approaches, were developed based on scarlet fever incidence data between January 2004 and July 2018 to evaluate its temporal patterns, and their mimic and predictive capacities were compared to discover the optimal using the mean absolute percentage error, root mean square error, mean error rate, and root mean square percentage error. Results The four preferred models identified were comprised of the SARIMA(0,1,0)(0,1,1)12, NAR with 14 hidden neurons and five delays, SARIMA-NAR with 33 hidden neurons and five delays, and SARIMA-NARX with 16 hidden neurons and 4 delays. Among which presenting the lowest values of the aforementioned indices in both simulation and prediction horizons is the SARIMA-NARX method. Analyses from the data suggested that scarlet fever was a seasonal disease with predominant peaks of summer and winter and a substantial rising trend in the scarlet fever notifications was observed with an acceleration of 9.641% annually, particularly since 2011 with 12.869%, and moreover such a trend will be projected to continue in the coming year. Conclusions The SARIMA-NARX technique has the promising ability to better consider both linearity and non-linearity behind scarlet fever data than the others, which significantly facilitates its prevention and intervention of scarlet fever. Besides, under current trend of ongoing resurgence, specific strategies and countermeasures should be formulated to target scarlet fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chunjie Xu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhende Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Juxiang Yuan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Lu Q, Ding Z, Wu C, Wu H, Lin J. Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Notifiable Diseases Reported in Children Aged 0⁻14 Years from 2008 to 2017 in Zhejiang Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E168. [PMID: 30634443 PMCID: PMC6352024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to learn the characteristics of morbidity and mortality of notifiable diseases reported in children aged 0⁻14 years in Zhejiang Province in 2008⁻2017. We collated data from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhejiang province between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2017 of children aged 0⁻14 years. From 2008 to 2017, a total of 32 types and 1,994,740 cases of notifiable diseases were reported in children aged 0⁻14 years, including 266 deaths in Zhejiang Province. The annual average morbidity was 2502.87/100,000, and the annual average mortality was 0.33/100,000. Male morbidity was 2886.98/100,000, and female morbidity was 2072.16/100,000, with the male morbidity rate higher than the female morbidity rate (χ² = 54,033.12, p < 0.01). No Class A infectious diseases were reported. The morbidity of Class B infectious diseases showed a downward trend, but that of Class C infectious diseases showed an upward trend. There were 72,041 cases in 22 kinds of Class B infectious disease and 138 death cases, with a morbidity rate of 90.39/100,000, and a mortality rate of 0.17/100,000. There were 1,922,699 cases in 10 kinds of Class C infectious disease and 128 death cases, with a morbidity rate of 2412.47/100,000, and a mortality rate of 0.16/100,000. The main high-prevalence diseases included hand-foot-and-mouth disease (1430.38/100,000), other infectious diarrheal diseases (721.40/100,000), mumps (168.83/100,000), and influenza (47.40/100,000). We should focus on the prevention and control of hand-foot and mouth disease, other infectious diarrheal diseases, mumps and influenza in children aged 0⁻14 years in Zhejiang Province. It is recommended to strengthen epidemic surveillance and undertake early prevention and control measures in order to reduce the younger children incidence rate of infectious diseases. Immunization planning vaccines can help achieve a significant preventive decline of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbao Lu
- Department of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Zheyuan Ding
- Department of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Haocheng Wu
- Department of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Junfen Lin
- Department of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China.
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Zhang X, Liu YC. The resurgence of scarlet fever in China. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 18:823-824. [PMID: 29858151 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yan-Cun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Syphilis continues to cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. While syphilis infection is easily identifiable and treatable, rates of syphilis infection continue to increase among select populations in high-income countries and remain at endemic levels in low- and middle-income counties. RECENT FINDINGS World Health Organization recommended strategies have led to the dual elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis and HIV in several countries, however outbreaks among select populations need to be adequately addressed. SUMMARY Continued vigilance and investment is needed to address syphilis worldwide. The epidemiology of syphilis differs in high-income and low- and middle-income counties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Kojima
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024
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The Annual Economic Burden of Syphilis: An Estimation of Direct, Productivity, and Intangible Costs for Syphilis in Guangdong Initiative for Comprehensive Control of Syphilis Sites. Sex Transm Dis 2018; 44:671-677. [PMID: 28876318 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syphilis has continuously posed a great challenge to China. However, very little data existed regarding the cost of syphilis. Taking Guangdong Initiative for Comprehensive Control of Syphilis area as the research site, we aimed to comprehensively measure the annual economic burden of syphilis from a societal perspective. METHODS Newly diagnosed and follow-up outpatient cases were investigated by questionnaire. Reported tertiary syphilis cases and medical institutions cost were both collected. The direct economic burden was measured by the bottom-up approach, the productivity cost by the human capital method, and the intangible burden by the contingency valuation method. RESULTS Three hundred five valid early syphilis cases and 13 valid tertiary syphilis cases were collected in the investigation to estimate the personal average cost. The total economic burden of syphilis was US $729,096.85 in Guangdong Initiative for Comprehensive Control of Syphilis sites in the year of 2014, with medical institutions cost accounting for 73.23% of the total. Household average direct cost of early syphilis was US $23.74. Average hospitalization cost of tertiary syphilis was US $2,749.93. Of the cost to medical institutions, screening and testing comprised the largest proportion (26%), followed by intervention and case management (22%) and operational cost (21%). Household average productivity cost of early syphilis was US $61.19. Household intangible cost of syphilis was US $15,810.54. CONCLUSIONS Syphilis caused a substantial economic burden on patients, their families, and society in Guangdong. Household productivity and intangible costs both shared positive relationships with local economic levels. Strengthening the prevention and effective treatment of early syphilis could greatly help to lower the economic burden of syphilis.
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Wagner AL, Mubarak MY, Johnson LE, Porth JM, Yousif JE, Boulton ML. Trends of vaccine-preventable diseases in Afghanistan from the Disease Early Warning System, 2009-2015. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178677. [PMID: 28570694 PMCID: PMC5453561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afghanistan's public health system was neglected during decades of military and civil conflict, and trends in infectious disease occurrence remain poorly characterized. This study examines cyclical and long-term trends of six vaccine-preventable diseases: pneumonia, diarrhea, meningitis, typhoid, measles, and acute viral hepatitis. METHODS Using weekly data collected between 2009 and 2015 through Afghanistan's Disease Early Warning System, we calculated monthly case counts, and fit a Poisson regression with a Fourier transformation for seasonal cycles and dummy variables for year. RESULTS We found the greatest incidence of diarrhea and typhoid in the summer, pneumonia in the winter, and measles in the late spring. Meningitis and acute viral hepatitis did not demonstrate substantial seasonality. Rates of pneumonia and diarrhea were constant across years whereas rates of meningitis, typhoid, and acute viral hepatitis decreased. Measles incidence increased in 2015. CONCLUSIONS Communicable disease reporting systems can guide public health operations-such as the implementation of new vaccines, and permit evaluation of health interventions. For example, measles supplementary immunization activities in Afghanistan have not slowed long-term transmission of the disease, but decreases in typhoid fever and acute viral hepatitis are probably tied to improvements in sanitation in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abram L. Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | | | - Laura E. Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Julia M. Porth
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Jenna E. Yousif
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Boulton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Zhang T, Yin F, Zhou T, Zhang XY, Li XS. Multivariate time series analysis on the dynamic relationship between Class B notifiable diseases and gross domestic product (GDP) in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29. [PMID: 28011977 PMCID: PMC5515987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-016-0020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The surveillance of infectious diseases is of great importance for disease control and prevention, and more attention should be paid to the Class B notifiable diseases in China. Meanwhile, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the annual growth of Chinese gross domestic product (GDP) would decelerate below 7% after many years of soaring. Under such circumstances, this study aimed to answer what will happen to the incidence rates of infectious diseases in China if Chinese GDP growth remained below 7% in the next five years. Firstly, time plots and cross-correlation matrices were presented to illustrate the characteristics of data. Then, the multivariate time series (MTS) models were proposed to explore the dynamic relationship between incidence rates and GDP. Three kinds of MTS models, i.e., vector auto-regressive (VAR) model for original series, VAR model for differenced series and error-correction model (ECM), were considered in this study. The rank of error-correction term was taken as an indicator for model selection. Finally, our results suggested that four kinds of infectious diseases (epidemic hemorrhagic fever, pertussis, scarlet fever and syphilis) might need attention in China because their incidence rates have increased since the year 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Yin
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao-Song Li
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zhang X, Hou F, Qiao Z, Li X, Zhou L, Liu Y, Zhang T. Temporal and long-term trend analysis of class C notifiable diseases in China from 2009 to 2014. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011038. [PMID: 27797981 PMCID: PMC5073496 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Time series models are effective tools for disease forecasting. This study aims to explore the time series behaviour of 11 notifiable diseases in China and to predict their incidence through effective models. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS The Chinese Ministry of Health started to publish class C notifiable diseases in 2009. The monthly reported case time series of 11 infectious diseases from the surveillance system between 2009 and 2014 was collected. METHODS We performed a descriptive and a time series study using the surveillance data. Decomposition methods were used to explore (1) their seasonality expressed in the form of seasonal indices and (2) their long-term trend in the form of a linear regression model. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models have been established for each disease. RESULTS The number of cases and deaths caused by hand, foot and mouth disease ranks number 1 among the detected diseases. It occurred most often in May and July and increased, on average, by 0.14126/100 000 per month. The remaining incidence models show good fit except the influenza and hydatid disease models. Both the hydatid disease and influenza series become white noise after differencing, so no available ARIMA model can be fitted for these two diseases. CONCLUSION Time series analysis of effective surveillance time series is useful for better understanding the occurrence of the 11 types of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fengsu Hou
- Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijiao Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Sichuan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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