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Drug-Screening Strategies for Inhibition of Virus-Induced Neuronal Cell Death. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112317. [PMID: 34835123 PMCID: PMC8619239 DOI: 10.3390/v13112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of viruses, including Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), West Nile Virus (WNV), La Crosse Virus (LACV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), have the ability to gain access to the central nervous system (CNS) and cause severe neurological disease or death. Although encephalitis cases caused by these viruses are generally rare, there are relatively few treatment options available for patients with viral encephalitis other than palliative care. Many of these viruses directly infect neurons and can cause neuronal death. Thus, there is the need for the identification of useful therapeutic compounds that can inhibit virus replication in neurons or inhibit virus-induced neuronal cell death. In this paper, we describe the methodology to test compounds for their ability to inhibit virus-induced neuronal cell death. These protocols include the isolation and culturing of primary neurons; the culturing of neuroblastoma and neuronal stem cell lines; infection of these cells with viruses; treatment of these cells with selected drugs; measuring virus-induced cell death using MTT or XTT reagents; analysis of virus production from these cells; as well as the basic understanding in mode of action. We further show direct evidence of the effectiveness of these protocols by utilizing them to test the effectiveness of the polyphenol drug, Rottlerin, at inhibiting Zika virus infection and death of neuronal cell lines.
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Mravinec M, Bajc G, Butala M. Surface plasmon resonance approach to study drug interactions with SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase highlights treatment potential of suramin. J Virol Methods 2021; 298:114283. [PMID: 34534610 PMCID: PMC8439102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is essential for virus replication, therefore it is a promising drug target. Here we present a surface plasmon resonance approach to study the interaction of RdRp with drugs in real time. We monitored the effect of favipiravir, ribavirin, sofosbuvir triphosphate PSI-7409 and suramin on RdRp binding to RNA immobilized on the chip. Suramin precluded interaction of RdRp with RNA and even displaced RdRp from RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mravinec
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Bajc
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matej Butala
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF. Drug Repurposing: A Strategy for Discovering Inhibitors against Emerging Viral Infections. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2887-2942. [PMID: 32787752 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200812215852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral diseases are responsible for several deaths around the world. Over the past few years, the world has seen several outbreaks caused by viral diseases that, for a long time, seemed to possess no risk. These are diseases that have been forgotten for a long time and, until nowadays, there are no approved drugs or vaccines, leading the pharmaceutical industry and several research groups to run out of time in the search for new pharmacological treatments or prevention methods. In this context, drug repurposing proves to be a fast and economically viable technique, considering the fact that it uses drugs that have a well-established safety profile. Thus, in this review, we present the main advances in drug repurposing and their benefit for searching new treatments against emerging viral diseases. METHODS We conducted a search in the bibliographic databases (Science Direct, Bentham Science, PubMed, Springer, ACS Publisher, Wiley, and NIH's COVID-19 Portfolio) using the keywords "drug repurposing", "emerging viral infections" and each of the diseases reported here (CoV; ZIKV; DENV; CHIKV; EBOV and MARV) as an inclusion/exclusion criterion. A subjective analysis was performed regarding the quality of the works for inclusion in this manuscript. Thus, the selected works were those that presented drugs repositioned against the emerging viral diseases presented here by means of computational, high-throughput screening or phenotype-based strategies, with no time limit and of relevant scientific value. RESULTS 291 papers were selected, 24 of which were CHIKV; 52 for ZIKV; 43 for DENV; 35 for EBOV; 10 for MARV; and 56 for CoV and the rest (72 papers) related to the drugs repurposing and emerging viral diseases. Among CoV-related articles, most were published in 2020 (31 papers), updating the current topic. Besides, between the years 2003 - 2005, 10 articles were created, and from 2011 - 2015, there were 7 articles, portraying the outbreaks that occurred at that time. For ZIKV, similar to CoV, most publications were during the period of outbreaks between the years 2016 - 2017 (23 articles). Similarly, most CHIKV (13 papers) and DENV (14 papers) publications occur at the same time interval. For EBOV (13 papers) and MARV (4 papers), they were between the years 2015 - 2016. Through this review, several drugs were highlighted that can be evolved in vivo and clinical trials as possible used against these pathogens showed that remdesivir represent potential treatments against CoV. Furthermore, ribavirin may also be a potential treatment against CHIKV; sofosbuvir against ZIKV; celgosivir against DENV, and favipiravir against EBOV and MARV, representing new hopes against these pathogens. CONCLUSION The conclusions of this review manuscript show the potential of the drug repurposing strategy in the discovery of new pharmaceutical products, as from this approach, drugs could be used against emerging viral diseases. Thus, this strategy deserves more attention among research groups and is a promising approach to the discovery of new drugs against emerging viral diseases and also other diseases.
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Joseph Naguib M, Moustafa Kamel A, Thabet Negmeldin A, Elshafeey AH, Elsayed I. Molecular docking and statistical optimization of taurocholate-stabilized galactose anchored bilosomes for the enhancement of sofosbuvir absorption and hepatic relative targeting efficiency. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:996-1009. [PMID: 32611266 PMCID: PMC8216436 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1787557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The work aimed to improve both absorption and hepatic availability of sofosbuvir. Bilosomes and galactose-anchored bilosomes were investigated as potential nanocarriers for this purpose. Sofosbuvir is a class III drug with high solubility and low permeability. Thus, the drug entrapment into lipid-based galactose-anchored carriers would enhance drug permeability and improve its liver availability. The galactosylated taurocholate was designed and synthesized based on molecular docking studies, where both galactose and taurocholate molecules were connected in a way to avoid affecting crucial interactions and avoid steric clashes with their cellular uptake receptors. The suggested nano-carriers were prepared using a thin-film hydration technique with sodium taurocholate and span 60 as stabilizers. The prepared formulae were statistically optimized using a central composite design. The optimized plain and galactosylated formulae, composed of SAA to drug ratio of 1:1 w/w and sodium taurocholate to span ratio of 10:1 w/w, have a vesicular size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency in the range of 140-150 nm, -50 mV and 85%, respectively. The optimized formulae were lyophilized to increase their physical stability and facilitate accurate drug dosing. In vivo results showed that Sofosbuvir availability in the liver was significantly increased after oral administration of the plain and the galactosylated bilosomal formulae when compared to the oral drug solution with relative targeting efficiencies (RTIs) of 1.51 and 3.66, respectively. These findings confirmed the hypothesis of considering the galactosylated bilosomes a promising nanocarrier to efficiently target sofosbuvir to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Joseph Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Thabet Negmeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Ahmed Hassen Elshafeey
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
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Vlachakis D, Papakonstantinou E, Mitsis T, Pierouli K, Diakou I, Chrousos G, Bacopoulou F. Molecular mechanisms of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and potential anti-COVID19 pharmacological targets since the outbreak of the pandemic. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111805. [PMID: 33038452 PMCID: PMC7543766 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a severe threat against public health and global economies. COVID-19, the disease caused by this virus, is highly contagious and has led to an ongoing pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 affects, mainly, the respiratory system, with most severe cases primarily showcasing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Currently, no targeted therapy exists, and since the number of infections and death toll keeps rising, it has become a necessity to study possible therapeutic targets. Antiviral drugs can target various stages of the viral infection, and in the case of SARS-CoV-2, both structural and non-structural proteins have been proposed as potential drug targets. This review focuses on the most researched SARS-CoV-2 proteins, their structure, function, and possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens, 11855, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 8 Levadias Street, Athens, 11527, Greece; Lab of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, Athens, 11527, Greece; Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Thanasis Mitsis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Katerina Pierouli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Io Diakou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - George Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 8 Levadias Street, Athens, 11527, Greece; Lab of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 8 Levadias Street, Athens, 11527, Greece.
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Mendes ÉA, Pilger DRBD, Santos Nastri ACDS, Malta FDM, Pascoalino BDS, Carneiro D'Albuquerque LA, Balan A, Freitas LHGD, Durigon EL, Carrilho FJ, Rebello Pinho JR. Sofosbuvir inhibits yellow fever virus in vitro and in patients with acute liver failure. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:816-824. [PMID: 31594756 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Direct antiviral agents (DAAs) are very efficient in inhibiting hepatitis C virus and might be used to treat infections caused by other flaviviruses whose worldwide detection has recently increased. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of DAAs in inhibiting yellow fever virus (YFV) by using drug repositioning (a methodology applied in the pharmaceutical industry to identify new uses for approved drugs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three DAAs were evaluated: daclatasvir, sofosbuvir and ledipasvir or their combinations. For in vitro assays, the drugs were diluted in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide. Vaccine strain 17D and a 17D strain expressing the reporter fluorescent protein were used in the assays. A fast and reliable cell-based screening assay using Vero cells or Huh-7 cells (a hepatocyte-derived carcinoma ell line) was carried out. Two patients who acquired yellow fever virus with acute liver failure were treated with sofosbuvir for one week as a compassionate use. RESULTS Using a high-content screening assay, we verified that sofosbuvir presented the best antiviral activity against YFV. Moreover, after an off-label treatment with sofosbuvir, the two female patients diagnosed with yellow fever infection displayed a reduction in blood viremia and an improvement in the course of the disease, which was observed in the laboratory medical parameters related to disease evolution. CONCLUSIONS Sofosbuvir may be used as an option for treatment against YFV until other drugs are identified and approved for human use. These results offer insights into the role of nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) in YFV inhibition and suggest that nonstructural proteins may be explored as drug targets for YFV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Araújo Mendes
- Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Regina Bairros de Pilger
- Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Catharina de Seixas Santos Nastri
- Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Mello Malta
- LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andrea Balan
- Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucio Holanda Gondim de Freitas
- Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edison Luis Durigon
- Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flair José Carrilho
- LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; LIM-03, Central Laboratories Division, Clinics Hospital, São Paulo School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Zhao H, Wang L, Oliva SM, Zhu H. Modeling and Dynamics Analysis of Zika Transmission with Limited Medical Resources. Bull Math Biol 2020; 82:99. [PMID: 32705573 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus, a reemerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, posed a global public health emergency in 2016. Brazil is the most seriously affected country. Some measures have been implemented to control the Zika transmission, such as spraying mosquitoes, developing vaccines and drugs. However, because of the limited medical resources (LMRs) in the country, not every infected patient can be treated in time when infected with Zika virus. We aim to build a deterministic Zika model by introducing a piecewise smooth treatment recovery rate to research the effect of LMRs on the transmission and control of Zika. For the model without treatment, we analyze the global stability of equilibria. For the model with treatment, the model exhibits complex dynamics. We prove that the model with treatment undergoes backward bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation of codimension 2. It means that the model with LMRs is sensitive to parameters and initial conditions, which has important significance for control of Zika. We also apply the model to estimate the basic and control reproduction numbers for the Zika transmission by using the data on weekly reported accumulated Zika cases from March 25, 2016, to April 14, 2018, in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergio Muniz Oliva
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1010, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Huaiping Zhu
- Lamps and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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Del Sarto JL, Rocha RDPF, Bassit L, Olmo IG, Valiate B, Queiroz-Junior CM, Pedrosa CDSG, Ribeiro FM, Guimarães MZ, Rehen S, Amblard F, Zhou L, Cox BD, Gavegnano C, Costa VV, Schinazi RF, Teixeira MM. 7-Deaza-7-fluoro-2'-C-methyladenosine inhibits Zika virus infection and viral-induced neuroinflammation. Antiviral Res 2020; 180:104855. [PMID: 32574688 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has gained a lot of attention in the past few years due to its rapid spread worldwide and its close association to severe neurological outcomes, such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-ZIKV activity of 7-deaza-7-fluoro-2'-C-methyl-adenosine (DFMA) was evaluated. In vitro, using primary mouse neuronal cells and human neural stem cells infected by ZIKV, treatment with DFMA resulted in impaired viral replication and protection against virus-induced cell death. In vivo, when administrated prior to infection, DFMA prevented lethality and markedly reduced viral loads and neuroinflammation, including microgliosis and overall brain damage. Additionally, as an early therapeutic treatment, DFMA increased survival rates in mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the nucleoside analog DFMA inhibits ZIKV infection and viral-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo without apparent untoward effects, suggesting it may be useful in individuals infected with ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Lemos Del Sarto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, And(2)Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rebeca de Paiva Froes Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, And(2)Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leda Bassit
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Isabella Guimarães Olmo
- Neurobiochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Valiate
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, And(2)Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Celso M Queiroz-Junior
- Cardiac Biology Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola Mara Ribeiro
- Neurobiochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marilia Zaluar Guimarães
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stevens Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Longhu Zhou
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bryan D Cox
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Christina Gavegnano
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, And(2)Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Research Group in Arboviral Diseases. Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, And(2)Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Chen H, Lao Z, Xu J, Li Z, Long H, Li D, Lin L, Liu X, Yu L, Liu W, Li G, Wu J. Antiviral activity of lycorine against Zika virus in vivo and in vitro. Virology 2020; 546:88-97. [PMID: 32452420 PMCID: PMC7194111 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), is a cause for international concern. These highly pathogenic arboviruses represent a serious health burden in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Despite these burdens, antiviral therapies do not exist, and inhibitors of ZIKV are therefore urgently needed. To elucidate the anti-ZIKV effect of lycorine, we used reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence, Westernwestern blot, and plaque forming assay to analyse viral RNA (vRNA), viral protein, progeny virus counts, and validated inhibitors in vitro using a variety of cell lines. Additionally, we found that lycorine acts post-infection according to time-of-addition assay, and inhibits RdRp activity. Lycorine protected AG6 mice against ZIKV-induced lethality by decreasing the viral load in the blood. Due to its potency and ability to target ZIKV infection in vivo and in vitro, lycorine might offer promising therapeutic possibilities for combatting ZIKV infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huini Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhaoxin Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haishan Long
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Detang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Luping Lin
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Liangwen Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Weiyong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Geng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Antiviral Agents in Development for Zika Virus Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030101. [PMID: 31261947 PMCID: PMC6789597 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus was identified in Uganda and subsequently spread to Asia and the Pacific regions. In 2015, it was introduced in Brazil causing an important social and sanitary alarm due to its increased virulence and rapid dissemination. Importantly, ZIKV infections have been associated with severe neurological complications such as Guillain–Barré syndrome and microcephaly in fetuses and newborns. Although enormous efforts were made by investigators in the development of effective countermeasures against ZIKV, there is still no approved specific antiviral drug for the treatment of ZIKV infections. Herein, we review several anti ZIKV candidates including drugs targeting both the virus (structural proteins and enzymes) and cellular elements.
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11
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Devnarain N, Soliman MES. A panoptic uncovering of the dynamical evolution of the Zika Virus NS5 methyltransferase binding site loops-zeroing in on the molecular landscape. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1838-1850. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Devnarain
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory; School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory; School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
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12
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Panwar U, Singh SK. An Overview on Zika Virus and the Importance of Computational Drug Discovery. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 3:43-51. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2017.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Han Y, Mesplède T, Xu H, Quan Y, Wainberg MA. The antimalarial drug amodiaquine possesses anti-ZIKA virus activities. J Med Virol 2018; 90:796-802. [PMID: 29315671 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak has emerged as a global health threat, particularly in tropical areas, over the past few years. No antiviral therapy or vaccine is available at present. For these reasons, repurposing clinically approved drugs against ZIKV infection may provide rapid and cost-effective global health benefits. Here, we explored this strategy and screened eight FDA-approved drugs for antiviral activity against ZIKV using a cell-based assay. Our results show that the antimalarial drug amodiaquine has anti-ZIKV activity with EC50 at low micromolar concentrations in cell culture. We further characterized amodiaquine antiviral activity against ZIKV and found that it targets early events of the viral replication cycle. Altogether, our results suggest that amodiaquine may be efficacious for the treatment of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Han
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thibault Mesplède
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hongtao Xu
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yudong Quan
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark A Wainberg
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Kim JA, Seong RK, Kumar M, Shin OS. Favipiravir and Ribavirin Inhibit Replication of Asian and African Strains of Zika Virus in Different Cell Models. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020072. [PMID: 29425176 PMCID: PMC5850379 DOI: 10.3390/v10020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently emerged as a new public health threat. ZIKV infections have caused a wide spectrum of neurological diseases, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, myelitis, meningoencephalitis, and congenital microcephaly. No effective therapies currently exist for treating patients infected with ZIKV. Herein, we evaluated the anti-viral activity of favipiravir (T-705) and ribavirin against Asian and African strains of ZIKV using different cell models, including human neuronal progenitor cells (hNPCs), human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and Vero cells. Cells were treated with favipiravir or ribavirin and effects on ZIKV replication were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and plaque assay. Our results demonstrate that favipiravir or ribavirin treatment significantly inhibited ZIKV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, favipiravir treatment of ZIKV-infected hNPCs led to reduced cell death, enhanced AKT pathway phosphorylation, and increased expression of anti-apoptotic factor B cell lymphoma 2. In conclusion, our results demonstrate conclusively that favipiravir inhibits ZIKV replication and prevents cell death, and can be a promising intervention for ZIKV-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea.
| | - Rak-Kyun Seong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea.
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea.
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15
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Mesci P, Macia A, Moore SM, Shiryaev SA, Pinto A, Huang CT, Tejwani L, Fernandes IR, Suarez NA, Kolar MJ, Montefusco S, Rosenberg SC, Herai RH, Cugola FR, Russo FB, Sheets N, Saghatelian A, Shresta S, Momper JD, Siqueira-Neto JL, Corbett KD, Beltrão-Braga PCB, Terskikh AV, Muotri AR. Blocking Zika virus vertical transmission. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1218. [PMID: 29352135 PMCID: PMC5775359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with increased incidence of congenital malformations. Although recent efforts have focused on vaccine development, treatments for infected individuals are needed urgently. Sofosbuvir (SOF), an FDA-approved nucleotide analog inhibitor of the Hepatitis C (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) was recently shown to be protective against ZIKV both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that SOF protected human neural progenitor cells (NPC) and 3D neurospheres from ZIKV infection-mediated cell death and importantly restored the antiviral immune response in NPCs. In vivo, SOF treatment post-infection (p.i.) decreased viral burden in an immunodeficient mouse model. Finally, we show for the first time that acute SOF treatment of pregnant dams p.i. was well-tolerated and prevented vertical transmission of the virus to the fetus. Taken together, our data confirmed SOF-mediated sparing of human neural cell types from ZIKV-mediated cell death in vitro and reduced viral burden in vivo in animal models of chronic infection and vertical transmission, strengthening the growing body of evidence for SOF anti-ZIKV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Mesci
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Angela Macia
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Spencer M Moore
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Sergey A Shiryaev
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Antonella Pinto
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Leon Tejwani
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Isabella R Fernandes
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Nicole A Suarez
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Matthew J Kolar
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sandro Montefusco
- University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, MC 0755, USA
| | - Scott C Rosenberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, MC 2385, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, MC 2385, USA
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Cugola
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Disease Modeling, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- University of São Paulo, School of Arts Sciences and Humanities, Department of Obstetrics, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NETCEM), São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Fabiele B Russo
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Disease Modeling, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- University of São Paulo, School of Arts Sciences and Humanities, Department of Obstetrics, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NETCEM), São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Sheets
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jeremiah D Momper
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jair L Siqueira-Neto
- University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, MC 0755, USA
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, MC 2385, USA
| | - Patricia C B Beltrão-Braga
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Disease Modeling, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
- University of São Paulo, School of Arts Sciences and Humanities, Department of Obstetrics, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil.
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NETCEM), São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Alexey V Terskikh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA.
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16
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Shiryaev SA, Mesci P, Pinto A, Fernandes I, Sheets N, Shresta S, Farhy C, Huang CT, Strongin AY, Muotri AR, Terskikh AV. Repurposing of the anti-malaria drug chloroquine for Zika Virus treatment and prophylaxis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15771. [PMID: 29150641 PMCID: PMC5694003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges of the current Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic is to prevent congenital foetal abnormalities, including microcephaly, following ZIKV infection of pregnant women. Given the urgent need for ZIKV prophylaxis and treatment, repurposing of approved drugs appears to be a viable and immediate solution. We demonstrate that the common anti-malaria drug chloroquine (CQ) extends the lifespan of ZIKV-infected interferon signalling-deficient AG129 mice. However, the severity of ZIKV infection in these mice precludes the study of foetal (vertical) viral transmission. Here, we show that interferon signalling-competent SJL mice support chronic ZIKV infection. Infected dams and sires are both able to transmit ZIKV to the offspring, making this an ideal model for in vivo validation of compounds shown to suppress ZIKV in cell culture. Administration of CQ to ZIKV-infected pregnant SJL mice during mid-late gestation significantly attenuated vertical transmission, reducing the ZIKV load in the foetal brain more than 20-fold. Given the limited side effects of CQ, its lack of contraindications in pregnant women, and its worldwide availability and low cost, we suggest that CQ could be considered for the treatment and prophylaxis of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Shiryaev
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pinar Mesci
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Antonella Pinto
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Isabella Fernandes
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Nicholas Sheets
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chen Farhy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alex Y Strongin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA.
| | - Alexey V Terskikh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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17
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Javed F, Manzoor KN, Ali M, Haq IU, Khan AA, Zaib A, Manzoor S. Zika virus: what we need to know? J Basic Microbiol 2017; 58:3-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farakh Javed
- Department of Microbiology; University of Haripur; Haripur Pakistan
| | | | - Mubashar Ali
- Department of Microbiology; University of Haripur; Haripur Pakistan
| | - Irshad U. Haq
- Department of Microbiology; University of Haripur; Haripur Pakistan
| | - Abid A. Khan
- Department of Biosciences; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Assad Zaib
- Department of Medical Lab Technology; University of Haripur; Haripur Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Bio-Sciences; National University of Science and Technology; Islamabad Pakistan
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18
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Krause KK, Azouz F, Shin OS, Kumar M. Understanding the Pathogenesis of Zika Virus Infection Using Animal Models. Immune Netw 2017; 17:287-297. [PMID: 29093650 PMCID: PMC5662778 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.5.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of Flaviviridae family that has emerged as a pathogen of significant public health importance. The rapid expansion of ZIKV in the South and Central America has recently gained medical attention emphasizing the capacity of ZIKV to spread to non-endemic regions. ZIKV infection during pregnancy has been demonstrated to cause microcephaly and other fetal developmental abnormalities. An increased incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome, an immune mediated neuropathy of the peripheral nervous system, has also been reported in ZIKV-infected patients in French Polynesia and Brazil. No effective therapies currently exist for treating patients infected with ZIKV. Despite the relatively short time interval, an intensive effort by the global scientific community has resulted in development of animal models to study multiple aspects of ZIKV biology. Several animal models have been established to investigate pathogenesis of ZIKV in adults, pregnant mothers, and developing fetuses. Here we review the remarkable progress of newly developed small and large animal models for understanding ZIKV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeton K Krause
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Francine Azouz
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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19
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Snyder B, Goebel S, Koide F, Ptak R, Kalkeri R. Synergistic antiviral activity of Sofosbuvir and type-I interferons (α and β) against Zika virus. J Med Virol 2017; 90:8-12. [PMID: 28851097 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes Dengue-like illness, neurological symptoms such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome and microcephaly in children born to infected pregnant mothers. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared ZIKV infection as a Global Health Emergency. However, there are no known prophylactic or therapeutic measures against this virus. As a proof of concept toward combination therapeutic strategy against ZIKV, combinations of host-targeted (Interferon-α and Interferon-β) and direct acting (Sofosbuvir) antivirals were evaluated in a hepatic cell line (Huh7) using a Cytoprotection (CP) assay. The combination of these antivirals resulted in synergistic inhibition of ZIKV infection in the in vitro CP assay. Additional testing in a ZIKV yield assay demonstrated that combination treatment of these antivirals conferred >2-log reduction in the release of viral RNA. Measurement of ZIKV proteins in the cells infected with multiple ZIKV strains isolated from different geographical regions (Americas, Asia, and Africa) using an immunofluorescence assay confirmed the effective antiviral activity of this combination against ZIKV. These results demonstrate the in vitro proof of concept (POC) for using a combination approach utilizing the strengths of both virus and host-targeted antivirals. These results suggest the effectiveness of the combination strategy in combating ZIKV, in the in vitro systems. Further evaluation of such combination therapies in vivo might provide an impetus for the development of effective ZIKV therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Snyder
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research, Drug Development, Southern Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Scott Goebel
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research, Drug Development, Southern Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Fusataka Koide
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research, Drug Development, Southern Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Roger Ptak
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research, Drug Development, Southern Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Raj Kalkeri
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research, Drug Development, Southern Research, Frederick, Maryland
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20
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Khandia R, Munjal A, Dhama K. Consequences of Zika Virus Infection During Fetal Stage and Pregnancy Safe Drugs: An Update. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.370.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Munjal A, Khandia R, Dhama K, Sachan S, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Malik YS, Kumar D, Singh RK, Iqbal HMN, Joshi SK. Advances in Developing Therapies to Combat Zika Virus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1469. [PMID: 28824594 PMCID: PMC5541032 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) remained largely quiescent for nearly six decades after its first appearance in 1947. ZIKV reappeared after 2007, resulting in a declaration of an international "public health emergency" in 2016 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Until this time, ZIKV was considered to induce only mild illness, but it has now been established as the cause of severe clinical manifestations, including fetal anomalies, neurological problems, and autoimmune disorders. Infection during pregnancy can cause congenital brain abnormalities, including microcephaly and neurological degeneration, and in other cases, Guillain-Barré syndrome, making infections with ZIKV a substantial public health concern. Genomic and molecular investigations are underway to investigate ZIKV pathology and its recent enhanced pathogenicity, as well as to design safe and potent vaccines, drugs, and therapeutics. This review describes progress in the design and development of various anti-ZIKV therapeutics, including drugs targeting virus entry into cells and the helicase protein, nucleosides, inhibitors of NS3 protein, small molecules, methyltransferase inhibitors, interferons, repurposed drugs, drugs designed with the aid of computers, neutralizing antibodies, convalescent serum, antibodies that limit antibody-dependent enhancement, and herbal medicines. Additionally, covalent inhibitors of viral protein expression and anti-Toll-like receptor molecules are discussed. To counter ZIKV-associated disease, we need to make rapid progress in developing novel therapies that work effectually to inhibit ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Munjal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah UniversityBhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah UniversityBhopal, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
- *Correspondence: Kuldeep Dhama,
| | - Swati Sachan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityChennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan SansthanMathura, India
| | - Yashpal S. Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
| | - Raj K. Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus MonterreyMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Sunil K. Joshi
- Cellular Immunology Lab, Frank Reidy Research Center of Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, NorfolkVA, United States
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22
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Devnarain N, Ramharack P, Soliman ME. Brain grants permission of access to Zika virus but denies entry to drugs: a molecular modeling perspective to infiltrate the boundary. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thein silicodesign of targeted Zika virus inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Devnarain
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Pritika Ramharack
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
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