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Cherif I, Kharroubi G, Darragi I, El Benna S, Gharbi A, Baccouche A, Souissi C, Bahri O, Ben Ahmed M, Bettaieb J. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after natural infection: insights from a study on Pasteur Institute of Tunis employees. Libyan J Med 2024; 19:2348233. [PMID: 38693671 PMCID: PMC11067560 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2024.2348233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the kinetics of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2, following natural infection in a cohort of employees of the Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) and to assess the risk of reinfection over a 12-months follow-up period. A prospective study was conducted among an open cohort of IPT employees with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection that were recruited between September 2020 and March 2021. Sera samples were taken at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after confirmation of COVID-19 infection and tested for SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the spike (S-RBD) protein (IgG anti-S-RBD) and for neutralizing antibodies. Participants who had an initial decline of IgG anti-S-RBD and neutralizing antibodies followed by a subsequent rise in antibody titers as well as those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR after at least 60 days of follow up were considered as reinfected. In total, 137 individuals were included with a mean age of 44.7 ± 12.3 years and a sex-ratio (Male/Female) of 0.33. Nearly all participants (92.7%) were symptomatic, and 2.2% required hospitalization. Among the 70 participants with three or more prospective blood samples, 32.8% were reinfected among whom 11 (47.8%) reported COVID-19 like symptoms. Up to 12 months of follow up, 100% and 42.9% of participants had detectable IgG anti-S-RBD and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. This study showed that humoral immune response following COVID-19 infection may persist up to 12 months after infection despite the potential risk for reinfection that is mainly explained by the emergence of new variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Cherif
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ghassen Kharroubi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Darragi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya El Benna
- Laboratory of Microbiology-Biochemistry, Aziza Othmana Hospital, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Adel Gharbi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amor Baccouche
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Cyrine Souissi
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Bahri
- Laboratory of Microbiology-Biochemistry, Aziza Othmana Hospital, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Bettaieb
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Collins E, Galipeau Y, Arnold C, Bhéreur A, Booth R, Buchan AC, Cooper C, Crawley AM, McCluskie PS, McGuinty M, Pelchat M, Rocheleau L, Saginur R, Gravel C, Hawken S, Langlois MA, Little J. Clinical and serological predictors of post COVID-19 condition-findings from a Canadian prospective cohort study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1276391. [PMID: 38784593 PMCID: PMC11111987 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1276391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction More than 3 years into the pandemic, there is persisting uncertainty as to the etiology, biomarkers, and risk factors of Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC). Serological research data remain a largely untapped resource. Few studies have investigated the potential relationships between post-acute serology and PCC, while accounting for clinical covariates. Methods We compared clinical and serological predictors among COVID-19 survivors with (n = 102 cases) and without (n = 122 controls) persistent symptoms ≥12 weeks post-infection. We selected four primary serological predictors (anti-nucleocapsid (N), anti-Spike, and anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG titres, and neutralization efficiency), and specified clinical covariates a priori. Results Similar proportions of PCC-cases (66.7%, n = 68) and infected-controls (71.3%, n = 87) tested positive for anti-N IgG. More cases tested positive for anti-Spike (94.1%, n = 96) and anti-RBD (95.1%, n = 97) IgG, as compared with controls (anti-Spike: 89.3%, n = 109; anti-RBD: 84.4%, n = 103). Similar trends were observed among unvaccinated participants. Effects of IgG titres on PCC status were non-significant in univariate and multivariate analyses. Adjusting for age and sex, PCC-cases were more likely to be efficient neutralizers (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.11-4.49), and odds was further increased among cases to report deterioration in quality of life (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.64-7.31). Clinical covariates found to be significantly related to PCC included obesity (OR 2.3, p = 0.02), number of months post COVID-19 (OR 1.1, p < 0.01), allergies (OR 1.8, p = 0.04), and need for medical support (OR 4.1, p < 0.01). Conclusion Despite past COVID-19 infection, approximately one third of PCC-cases and infected-controls were seronegative for anti-N IgG. Findings suggest higher neutralization efficiency among cases as compared with controls, and that this relationship is stronger among cases with more severe PCC. Cases also required more medical support for COVID-19 symptoms, and described complex, ongoing health sequelae. More data from larger cohorts are needed to substantiate results, permit subgroup analyses of IgG titres, and explore for differences between clusters of PCC symptoms. Future assessment of IgG subtypes may also elucidate new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Collins
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Bhéreur
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ronald Booth
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Arianne C. Buchan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Curtis Cooper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angela M. Crawley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pauline S. McCluskie
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michaeline McGuinty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lynda Rocheleau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Raphael Saginur
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Health Science Network Research Ethics Board (OHSN-REB), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Gravel
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Hawken
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Knowledge Synthesis and Application Unit (KSAU), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Rottmayer K, Schwarze M, Jassoy C, Hoffmann R, Loeffler-Wirth H, Lehmann C. Potential of a Bead-Based Multiplex Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:273. [PMID: 38666885 PMCID: PMC11047883 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 play a pivotal role in the definition of whether patients are infected, the understanding of viral epidemiology, the screening of convalescent sera for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, and in obtaining a better understanding of the immune response towards the virus. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a bead-based multiplex assay. This assay allowed for the simultaneous testing of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike, S1, S2, RBD, and nucleocapsid moieties and S1 of seasonal coronaviruses hCoV-22E, hCoV-HKU1, hCoV-NL63, and hCoV-OC43, as well as MERS and SARS-CoV. We compared the bead-based multiplex assay with commercial ELISA tests. We tested the sera of 27 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive individuals who were previously tested with different ELISA assays. Additionally, we investigated the reproducibility of the results by means of multiple testing of the same sera. Finally, the results were correlated with neutralising assays. In summary, the concordance of the qualitative results ranged between 78% and 96% depending on the ELISA assay and the specific antigen. Repeated freezing-thawing cycles resulted in reduced mean fluorescence intensity, while the storage period had no influence in this respect. In our test cohort, we detected up to 36% of sera positive for the development of neutralising antibodies, which is in concordance with the bead-based multiplex and IgG ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rottmayer
- Laboratory for Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Leipzig, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Schwarze
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Jassoy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, IZBI, Leipzig University, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Claudia Lehmann
- Laboratory for Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Leipzig, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Collins E, Philippe E, Gravel CA, Hawken S, Langlois MA, Little J. Serological markers and long COVID-A rapid systematic review. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14149. [PMID: 38083997 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long COVID is highly heterogeneous, often debilitating, and may last for years after infection. The aetiology of long COVID remains uncertain. Examination of potential serological markers of long COVID, accounting for clinical covariates, may yield emergent pathophysiological insights. METHODS In adherence to PRISMA guidelines, we carried out a rapid review of the literature. We searched Medline and Embase for primary observational studies that compared IgG response in individuals who experienced COVID-19 symptoms persisting ≥12 weeks post-infection with those who did not. We examined relationships between serological markers and long COVID status and investigated sources of inter-study variability, such as severity of acute illness, long COVID symptoms assessed and target antigen(s). RESULTS Of 8018 unique records, we identified 29 as being eligible for inclusion in synthesis. Definitions of long COVID varied. In studies that reported anti-nucleocapsid (N) IgG (n = 10 studies; n = 989 participants in aggregate), full or partial anti-Spike IgG (i.e. the whole trimer, S1 or S2 subgroups, or receptor binding domain, n = 19 studies; n = 2606 participants), or neutralizing response (n = 7 studies; n = 1123 participants), we did not find strong evidence to support any difference in serological markers between groups with and without persisting symptoms. However, most studies did not account for severity or level of care required during acute illness, and other potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Pooling of studies would enable more robust exploration of clinical and serological predictors among diverse populations. However, substantial inter-study variations hamper comparability. Standardized reporting practices would improve the quality, consistency and comprehension of study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Collins
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Philippe
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher A Gravel
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steven Hawken
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Knowledge Synthesis and Application Unit (KSAU), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Gerhards C, Steingass M, Heininger A, Lange B, Hetjens M, Gerigk M, Neumaier M, Evliyaoglu O, Kittel M. The Impact of Clinical Factors and SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Antibody Production in Vaccinated German Healthcare Professionals Infected Either with the Delta or the Omicron Variant. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:163. [PMID: 38400146 PMCID: PMC10893335 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the rapid introduction of vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic was a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and a less frequent occurrence of severe COVID-19 courses. Thus, we evaluated COVID-19 severity in vaccinated individuals to examine variant-specific symptom characteristics and their clinical impact on the serological immune response. METHODS A total of 185 individuals previously vaccinated against and infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) or Omicron (BA.4 and BA.5) variant, were enrolled for anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N- and anti-RBD/S1-Ig level detection. A structured survey regarding medical history was conducted. RESULTS In 99.5 percent of cases, outpatient treatment was satisfactory. Specific symptoms associated with variants included ageusia and anosmia in patients with Delta infections and throat pain in Omicron infections. Among Delta-infected individuals with specific symptoms, significantly higher levels of anti-N antibodies were observed. CONCLUSION Our study identified variant-specific differences in the amount of SARS-CoV-2 antibody production and COVID-19 symptoms. Despite this, vaccinated individuals with Omicron or Delta infections generally experienced mild disease courses. Additionally, asymptomatic individuals exhibit lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, indicating a clinical correlation between disease-specific antibodies and distinct symptoms, particularly in the case of the Delta variant. In follow-up studies, exploring post-COVID syndrome and focusing on cognitive symptoms in the acute phase of Omicron infections is crucial as it has the potential to longitudinally impact the lives of those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlene Steingass
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexandra Heininger
- Department of Hygiene, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bettina Lange
- Department of Hygiene, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hetjens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg of University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlis Gerigk
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Osman Evliyaoglu
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Stern D, Meyer TC, Treindl F, Mages HW, Krüger M, Skiba M, Krüger JP, Zobel CM, Schreiner M, Grossegesse M, Rinner T, Peine C, Stoliaroff-Pépin A, Harder T, Hofmann N, Michel J, Nitsche A, Stahlberg S, Kneuer A, Sandoni A, Kubisch U, Schlaud M, Mankertz A, Schwarz T, Corman VM, Müller MA, Drosten C, de la Rosa K, Schaade L, Dorner MB, Dorner BG. A bead-based multiplex assay covering all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans for sensitive and specific surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21846. [PMID: 38071261 PMCID: PMC10710470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays measuring antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are key to describe the epidemiology, pathobiology or induction of immunity after infection or vaccination. Of those, multiplex assays targeting multiple antigens are especially helpful as closely related coronaviruses or other antigens can be analysed simultaneously from small sample volumes, hereby shedding light on patterns in the immune response that would otherwise remain undetected. We established a bead-based 17-plex assay detecting antibodies targeting antigens from all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV strains 229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63. The assay was validated against five commercial serological immunoassays, a commercial surrogate virus neutralisation test, and a virus neutralisation assay, all targeting SARS-CoV-2. It was found to be highly versatile as shown by antibody detection from both serum and dried blot spots and as shown in three case studies. First, we followed seroconversion for all four endemic HCoV strains and SARS-CoV-2 in an outbreak study in day-care centres for children. Second, we were able to link a more severe clinical course to a stronger IgG response with this 17-plex-assay, which was IgG1 and IgG3 dominated. Finally, our assay was able to discriminate recent from previous SARS-CoV-2 infections by calculating the IgG/IgM ratio on the N antigen targeting antibodies. In conclusion, due to the comprehensive method comparison, thorough validation, and the proven versatility, our multiplex assay is a valuable tool for studies on coronavirus serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tanja C Meyer
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fridolin Treindl
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Werner Mages
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Krüger
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Skiba
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Krüger
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian M Zobel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marica Grossegesse
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Rinner
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Peine
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Stoliaroff-Pépin
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Harder
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Hofmann
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Michel
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Stahlberg
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Kneuer
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Sandoni
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kubisch
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schlaud
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Mankertz
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients (FG 12), Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Corporate Member, Freie Universität Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Corporate Member, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin de la Rosa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Schaade
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin B Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte G Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Siles N, Schuler M, Maguire C, Amengor D, Nguyen A, Wilen R, Rogers J, Bazzi S, Caslin B, DiPasquale C, Abigania M, Olson E, Creaturo J, Hurley K, Triplett TA, Rousseau JF, Strakowski SM, Wylie D, Maynard J, Ehrlich LIR, Melamed E. SARS-CoV-2 Humoral Immune Responses in Convalescent Individuals Over 12 Months Reveal Severity-Dependent Antibody Dynamics. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.05.23299462. [PMID: 38106077 PMCID: PMC10723498 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.23299462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Understanding the kinetics and longevity of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to informing strategies toward reducing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfections, and improving vaccination and therapy approaches. Methods We evaluated antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), and receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike in 98 convalescent participants who experienced asymptomatic, mild, moderate or severe COVID-19 disease and in 17 non-vaccinated, non-infected controls, using four different antibody assays. Participants were sampled longitudinally at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR test. Findings Increasing acute COVID-19 disease severity correlated with higher anti-N and anti-RBD antibody titers throughout 12 months post-infection. Anti-N and anti-RBD titers declined over time in all participants, with the exception of increased anti-RBD titers post-vaccination, and the decay rates were faster in hospitalized compared to non-hospitalized participants. <50% of participants retained anti-N titers above control levels at 12 months, with non-hospitalized participants falling below control levels sooner. Nearly all hospitalized and non-hospitalized participants maintained anti-RBD titers above controls for up to 12 months, suggesting longevity of protection against severe reinfections. Nonetheless, by 6 months, few participants retained >50% of their 1-month anti-N or anti-RBD titers. Vaccine-induced increases in anti-RBD titers were greater in non-hospitalized relative to hospitalized participants. Early convalescent antibody titers correlated with age, but no association was observed between Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) status or acute steroid treatment and convalescent antibody titers. Interpretation Hospitalized participants developed higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers relative to non-hospitalized participants, a difference that persisted throughout 12 months, despite the faster decline in titers in hospitalized participants. In both groups, while anti-N titers fell below control levels for at least half of the participants, anti-RBD titers remained above control levels for almost all participants over 12 months, demonstrating generation of long-lived antibody responses known to correlate with protection from severe disease across COVID-19 severities. Overall, our findings contribute to the evolving understanding of COVID-19 antibody dynamics. Funding Austin Public Health, NIAAA, Babson Diagnostics, Dell Medical School Startup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Siles
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Maisey Schuler
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Cole Maguire
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Dzifa Amengor
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Annalee Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Rebecca Wilen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Jacob Rogers
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Sam Bazzi
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Blaine Caslin
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Janelle Creaturo
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kerin Hurley
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Dell Seton Medical Center at the University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Todd A Triplett
- Department of Oncology Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Immunotherapeutics & Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Justin F Rousseau
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Stephen M Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Dennis Wylie
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas
| | - Jennifer Maynard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Lauren I R Ehrlich
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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8
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Rottmayer K, Loeffler-Wirth H, Gruenewald T, Doxiadis I, Lehmann C. Individual Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection-The Role of Seasonal Coronaviruses and Human Leukocyte Antigen. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1293. [PMID: 37887003 PMCID: PMC10603889 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
During the coronavirus pandemic, evidence is growing that the severity, susceptibility and host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection can be highly variable. Several influencing factors have been discussed. Here, we investigated the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 spike, S1, S2, the RBD, nucleocapsid moieties and S1 of seasonal coronaviruses: hCoV-229E, hCoV-HKU1, hCoV-NL63 and hCoV-OC43, as well as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, in a cohort of 512 individuals. A bead-based multiplex assay allowed simultaneous testing for all the above antigens and the identification of different antibody patterns. Then, we correlated these patterns with 11 HLA loci. Regarding the seasonal coronaviruses, we found a moderate negative correlation between antibody levels against hCoV-229E, hCoV-HKU1 and hCoV-NL63 and the SARS-CoV-2 antigens. This could be an indication of the original immunological imprinting. High and low antibody response patterns were distinguishable, demonstrating the individuality of the humoral response towards the virus. An immunogenetical factor associated with a high antibody response (formation of ≥4 different antibodies) was the presence of HLA A*26:01, C*02:02 and DPB1*04:01 alleles, whereas the HLA alleles DRB3*01:01, DPB1*03:01 and DB1*10:01 were enriched in low responders. A better understanding of this variable immune response could enable more individualized protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rottmayer
- Laboratory for Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Leipzig, Johannisallee 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, IZBI, Leipzig University, Haertelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Gruenewald
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum Chemnitz, Flemmingstraße 2, 09116 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Ilias Doxiadis
- Laboratory for Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Leipzig, Johannisallee 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Lehmann
- Laboratory for Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Leipzig, Johannisallee 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Hasan A, Rahim R, Nakayama EE, Uno K, Hasan N, Rahman M, Shioda T. Enhancement of IL-6 Production Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein and Bangladeshi COVID-19 Patients' Sera. Viruses 2023; 15:2018. [PMID: 37896795 PMCID: PMC10611338 DOI: 10.3390/v15102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that can have detrimental effects on multiple organs and accelerate patient mortality. This study, which encompassed 130 confirmed COVID-19 patients who were assessed at three different time points (i.e., 3, 7, and 12 days) after the onset of symptoms, investigated interleukin-6 (IL-6) enhancement induced by a viral nucleocapsid (N) protein from a myeloid cell line. Disease severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. The severe cases were characterized as having significant elevations in serum IL-6, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin, creatinine, leukocytes, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin levels compared with mild and moderate cases. To evaluate IL-6-inducing activity, heat-inactivated sera from these patients were incubated with and without the N protein. The findings showed a progressive increase in IL-6 production in severe cases upon N protein stimulation. There was a strong correlation between anti-N antibodies and levels of IL-6 secreted by myeloid cells in the presence of N protein and sera, indicating the crucial role that the anti-N antibody plays in inducing IL-6 production. Uncontrolled IL-6 production played a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis, exacerbating both disease severity and mortality. Efficiently targeting the N protein could potentially be employed as a therapeutic strategy for regulating the immune response and alleviating inflammation in severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hasan
- Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Plot-81, Block-E, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (R.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Rummana Rahim
- Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Plot-81, Block-E, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (R.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Emi E. Nakayama
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0781, Japan;
| | - Kazuko Uno
- IFN & Host-Defense Research Laboratory, Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan;
| | - Nazmul Hasan
- Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Plot-81, Block-E, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (R.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Plot-81, Block-E, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (R.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0781, Japan;
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Yu EA, Jackman RP, Glesby MJ, Narayan KV. Bidirectionality between Cardiometabolic Diseases and COVID-19: Role of Humoral Immunity. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1145-1158. [PMID: 37302794 PMCID: PMC10256583 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases and abnormalities have recently emerged as independent risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, including hospitalizations, invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Determining whether and how this observation translates to more effective long-term pandemic mitigation strategies remains a challenge due to key research gaps. Specific pathways by which cardiometabolic pathophysiology affects humoral immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and vice versa, remain unclear. This review summarizes current evidence of the bidirectional influences between cardiometabolic diseases (diabetes, adiposity, hypertension, CVDs) and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies induced from infection and vaccination based on human studies. Ninety-two studies among >408,000 participants in 37 countries on 5 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America) were included in this review. Obesity was associated with higher neutralizing antibody titers following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most studies conducted prior to vaccinations found positive or null associations between binding antibodies (levels, seropositivity) and diabetes; after vaccinations, antibody responses did not differ by diabetes. Hypertension and CVDs were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Findings underscore the importance of elucidating the extent that tailored recommendations for COVID-19 prevention, vaccination effectiveness, screening, and diagnoses among people with obesity could reduce disease burden caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Yu
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Rachael P Jackman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marshall J Glesby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Km Venkat Narayan
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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11
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Gerhards C, Haselmann V, Schaible SF, Ast V, Kittel M, Thiel M, Hertel A, Schoenberg SO, Neumaier M, Froelich MF. Exploring the Synergistic Potential of Radiomics and Laboratory Biomarkers for Enhanced Identification of Vulnerable COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1740. [PMID: 37512912 PMCID: PMC10384842 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe courses and high hospitalization rates were ubiquitous during the first pandemic SARS-CoV-2 waves. Thus, we aimed to examine whether integrative diagnostics may aid in identifying vulnerable patients using crucial data and materials obtained from COVID-19 patients hospitalized between 2020 and 2021 (n = 52). Accordingly, we investigated the potential of laboratory biomarkers, specifically the dynamic cell decay marker cell-free DNA and radiomics features extracted from chest CT. METHODS Separate forward and backward feature selection was conducted for linear regression with the Intensive-Care-Unit (ICU) period as the initial target. Three-fold cross-validation was performed, and collinear parameters were reduced. The model was adapted to a logistic regression approach and verified in a validation naïve subset to avoid overfitting. RESULTS The adapted integrated model classifying patients into "ICU/no ICU demand" comprises six radiomics and seven laboratory biomarkers. The models' accuracy was 0.54 for radiomics, 0.47 for cfDNA, 0.74 for routine laboratory, and 0.87 for the combined model with an AUC of 0.91. CONCLUSION The combined model performed superior to the individual models. Thus, integrating radiomics and laboratory data shows synergistic potential to aid clinic decision-making in COVID-19 patients. Under the need for evaluation in larger cohorts, including patients with other SARS-CoV-2 variants, the identified parameters might contribute to the triage of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Samuel F Schaible
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volker Ast
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Thiel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Hertel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schoenberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias F Froelich
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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12
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Ahmed T, Hasan SMT, Akter A, Tauheed I, Akhtar M, Rahman SIA, Bhuiyan TR, Ahmed T, Qadri F, Chowdhury F. Determining clinical biomarkers to predict long-term SARS-CoV-2 antibody response among COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1111037. [PMID: 37293303 PMCID: PMC10244648 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Information on antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the magnitude and duration of responses, is limited. In this analysis, we aimed to identify clinical biomarkers that can predict long-term antibody responses following natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methodology In this prospective study, we enrolled 100 COVID-19 patients between November 2020 and February 2021 and followed them for 6 months. The association of clinical laboratory parameters on enrollment, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, procalcitonin (PCT), and D-dimer, with predicting the geometric mean (GM) concentration of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG antibody at 3 and 6 months post-infection was assessed in multivariable linear regression models. Result The mean ± SD age of patients in the cohort was 46.8 ± 14 years, and 58.8% were male. Data from 68 patients at 3 months follow-up and 55 patients at 6 months follow-up were analyzed. Over 90% of patients were seropositive against RBD-specific IgG till 6 months post-infection. At 3 months, for any 10% increase in absolute lymphocyte count and NLR, there was a 6.28% (95% CI: 9.68, -2.77) decrease and 4.93% (95% CI: 2.43, 7.50) increase, respectively, in GM of IgG concentration, while any 10% increase for LDH, CRP, ferritin, and procalcitonin was associated with a 10.63, 2.87, 2.54, and 3.11% increase in the GM of IgG concentration, respectively. Any 10% increase in LDH, CRP, and ferritin was similarly associated with an 11.28, 2.48, and 3.0% increase in GM of IgG concentration at 6 months post-infection. Conclusion Several clinical biomarkers in the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with enhanced IgG antibody response detected after 6 months of disease onset. The measurement of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses requires improved techniques and is not feasible in all settings. Baseline clinical biomarkers can be a useful alternative as they can predict antibody response during the convalescence period. Individuals with an increased level of NLR, CRP, LDH, ferritin, and procalcitonin may benefit from the boosting effect of vaccines. Further analyses will determine whether biochemical parameters can predict RBD-specific IgG antibody responses at later time points and the association of neutralizing antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnuva Ahmed
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Tafsir Hasan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Akter
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Imam Tauheed
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marjahan Akhtar
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Isfat Ara Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Office of the Executive Director, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahima Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Gerhards C, Thiaucourt M, Hetjens M, Haselmann V, Neumaier M, Kittel M. Heterologous Vector-mRNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Strategy Appears Superior to a Homologous Vector-Based Vaccination Scheme in German Healthcare Workers Regarding Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Response Indicating a High Boosting Effect by mRNA Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:701. [PMID: 36992285 PMCID: PMC10054089 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal humoral SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) immunity for up to 15 months due to vaccination, the efficacy of vaccination strategies (homologous, vector-vector versus heterologous, vector-mRNA), the influence of vaccination side effects, and the infection rate in German healthcare workers need to be investigated. METHODS In this study, 103 individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled to examine their anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N- and anti-RBD/S1-Ig levels. A total of 415 blood samples in lithium heparin tubes were prospectively obtained, and a structured survey regarding medical history, type of vaccine, and vaccination reactions was conducted. RESULTS All participants demonstrated a humoral immune response, among whom no values decreased below the positivity cutoff. Five to six months after the third vaccination, three participants showed anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of less than 1000 U/mL. We observed higher levels for heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combinations compared to pure vector-based vaccination after the second vaccination, which is harmonized after a third vaccination with the mRNA-vaccine only in both cohorts. The incidence of vaccine breakthrough in a highly exposed cohort was 60.3%. CONCLUSION Sustained long-term humoral immunity was observed, indicating the superiority of a heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combination compared to pure vector-based vaccination. There was longevity of anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of at least 4 and up to 7 months without external stimulus. Regarding vaccination reactogenity, the occurrence of local symptoms as pain at the injection site was increased after the first mRNA application compared to the vector-vector cohort with a general decrease in adverse events at later vaccination time points. Overall, a correlation between the humoral vaccination response and vaccination side effects was not observed. Despite the high prevalence of vaccine breakthroughs, these only occurred in the later course of the study when more infectious variants, which are, however, associated with milder courses, were present. These results provide insights into vaccine-related serologic responses, and the study should be expanded using additional vaccine doses and novel variants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margot Thiaucourt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hetjens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Ivanova I, Filippenko A, Trufanova A, Omelchenko N, Chemisova O, Vodopyanov A, Bereznyak E, Sokolova E, Noskov A, Totolyan AAA. Assessment of the formation and intensity of adaptive immunity in patients with COVID-19. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2023. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-aof-2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of adaptive immunity in survivors of a new coronavirus infection is an important task, since there is no consensus on whether the severity of the disease affects the formation and intensity of the immune response to COVID-19. In this regard, a comparative assessment of the presence and duration of preservation of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with COVID-19 of varying severity was carried out. The study involved volunteers who had been ill with a new coronavirus infection asymptomatically (n=30), in moderate severity (n=21) and in severe form (n=12). The average age of the subjects was 47.312.5 years. The formation of cellular immunity was judged by an increase in the synthesis of IFN- in response to stimulation of lymphocytes for 16-20 hours by glycoprotein S(RBD) of the causative agent COVID-19. To determine IFN- products, the gamma InterferonIFA-BEST test system, manufactured by Vector-Best JSC, Russia, was used. The humoral immune response was recorded by detecting class G antibodies using the "SARS-CoV-2RBD-ELISA-Gamalei" test system (FSBI "N.F. Gamalei NITSEM" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation). The results obtained indicate that patients from all groups have both humoral and cellular immunity to the causative agent of a new coronavirus infection. However, the number of people with adaptive immunity to COVID-19 and the duration of its preservation depends on the severity of the infection. A significant decrease in the number of people with cellular immunity was revealed in the group of seriously ill. At the same time, the majority of volunteers in this group registered the presence of class G immunoglobulins before the end of observation. In this group, unlike the other two, no patients were identified in whom only the cellular link of the immune response was activated. Volunteers who did not retain adaptive immunity to the causative agent of a new coronavirus infection appeared only by the end of the observation period. Among those who had the disease in an average form 7-8 months after recovery, there was a decrease in the number of people with cellular and humoral immunity. This process started earlier than in the group of patients who were asymptomatic and continued until the end of the study. The proportion of individuals with cellular immunity increased, and at a later date with a humoral immune response. By the end of the study, a high percentage of volunteers remained asymptomatically infected, having cellular and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Their number remained statistically higher than in the group of those who had a new coronavirus infection of moderate severity, but lower than in the group of those who were seriously ill. Also in this group, by the end of the experiment, an increase in the number of volunteers with only a cellular immune response was recorded. According to the data obtained, at the end of the observation period, the number of volunteers with humoral immunity to the causative agent of a new coronavirus infection is higher compared to those with a cellular immune response
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15
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Gerhards C, Kittel M, Ast V, Bugert P, Froelich MF, Hetjens M, Haselmann V, Neumaier M, Thiaucourt M. Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response in COVID-19 Recovered Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals Related to Post-COVID-Syndrome. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020454. [PMID: 36851668 PMCID: PMC9966735 DOI: 10.3390/v15020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibody detectability up to 12 months was examined in individuals after either single convalescence or convalescence and vaccination. Moreover, variables that might influence an anti-RBD/S1 antibody decline and the existence of a post-COVID-syndrome (PCS) were addressed. METHODS Forty-nine SARS-CoV-2-qRT-PCR-confirmed participants completed a 12-month examination of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibody levels and PCS-associated long-term sequelae. Overall, 324 samples were collected. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was isolated and quantified from EDTA-plasma. As cfDNA is released into the bloodstream from dying cells, it might provide information on organ damage in the late recovery of COIVD-19. Therefore, we evaluated cfDNA concentrations as a biomarker for a PCS. In the context of antibody dynamics, a random forest-based logistic regression with antibody decline as the target was performed and internally validated. RESULTS The mean percentage dynamic related to the maximum measured value was 96 (±38)% for anti-RBD/S1 antibodies and 30 (±26)% for anti-N antibodies. Anti-RBD/S1 antibodies decreased in 37%, whereas anti-SARS-CoV-2-anti-N antibodies decreased in 86% of the subjects. Clinical anti-RBD/S1 antibody decline prediction models, including vascular and other diseases, were cross-validated (highest AUC 0.74). Long-term follow-up revealed no significant reduction in PCS prevalence but an increase in cognitive impairment, with no indication for cfDNA as a marker for a PCS. CONCLUSION Long-term anti-RBD/S1-antibody positivity was confirmed, and clinical parameters associated with declining titers were presented. A fulminant decrease in anti-SARS-CoV-2-anti-N antibodies was observed (mean change to maximum value 30 (±26)%). Anti-RBD/S1 antibody titers of SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects boosted with a vaccine exceeded the maximum values measured after single infection by 235 ± 382-fold, with no influence on preexisting PCS. PCS long-term prevalence was 38.6%, with an increase in cognitive impairment compromising the quality of life. Quantified cfDNA measured in the early post-COVID-19 phase might not be an effective marker for PCS identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volker Ast
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias F. Froelich
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hetjens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margot Thiaucourt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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16
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The humoral immune response more than one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection: low detection rate of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies via Euroimmun ELISA. Infection 2023; 51:83-90. [PMID: 35648370 PMCID: PMC9159036 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibody assays against SARS-CoV-2 are used in sero-epidemiological studies to estimate the proportion of a population with past infection. IgG antibodies against the spike protein (S-IgG) allow no distinction between infection and vaccination. We evaluated the role of anti-nucleocapsid-IgG (N-IgG) to identify individuals with infection more than one year past infection. METHODS S- and N-IgG were determined using the Euroimmun enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in two groups: a randomly selected sample from the population of Stuttgart, Germany, and individuals with PCR-proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants were five years or older. Demographics and comorbidities were registered from participants above 17 years. RESULTS Between June 15, 2021 and July 14, 2021, 454 individuals from the random sample participated, as well as 217 individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mean time from positive PCR test result to antibody testing was 458.7 days (standard deviation 14.6 days) in the past infection group. In unvaccinated individuals, the seroconversion rate for S-IgG was 25.5% in the random sample and 75% in the past infection group (P = < 0.001). In vaccinated individuals, the mean signal ratios for S-IgG were higher in individuals with prior infection (6.9 vs 11.2; P = < 0.001). N-IgG were only detectable in 17.1% of participants with past infection. Predictors for detectable N-IgG were older age, male sex, fever, wheezing and in-hospital treatment for COVID-19 and cardiovascular comorbidities. CONCLUSION N-IgG is not a reliable marker for SARS-CoV-2 infection after more than one year. In future, other diagnostic tests are needed to identify individuals with past natural infection.
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17
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Drake AL, Escudero JN, Aurelio MC, Wetzler EA, Ellington SR, Zapata LB, Galang RR, Snead MC, Yamamoto K, Salerno CC, Richardson BA, Greninger AL, Kachikis AB, Englund JA, LaCourse SM. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence and longitudinal antibody response following natural infection in pregnancy: A prospective cohort study. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231190955. [PMID: 37615311 PMCID: PMC10467162 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231190955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal care provides unique opportunities to assess severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence and antibody response duration after natural infection detected during pregnancy; transplacental antibody transfer may inform peripartum and neonatal protection. We estimated seroprevalence and durability of antibodies from natural infection (anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G) among pregnant people, and evaluated transplacental transfer efficiency. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study to measure severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence, and a prospective cohort study to longitudinally measure anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G responses and transplacental transfer of maternally derived anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. METHODS We screened pregnant people for the seroprevalence study between 9 December 2020 and 19 June 2021 for anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G in Seattle, Washington. We enrolled anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G positive people from the seroprevalence study or identified through medical records with positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or antigen positive results in a prospective cohort between 9 December 2020 and 9 August 2022. RESULTS In the cross-sectional study (N = 1284), 5% (N = 65) tested severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G positive, including 39 (60%) without prior positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results and 42 (65%) without symptoms. In the prospective cohort study (N = 107 total; N = 65 from the seroprevalence study), 86 (N = 80%) had anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G positive results during pregnancy. Among 63 participants with delivery samples and prior anti-nucleocapsid positive results, 29 (46%) were anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G negative by delivery. Of 34 remaining anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G positive at delivery with paired cord blood, 19 (56%) had efficient transplacental anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G antibody transfer. Median time from first anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G positive to below positive antibody threshold was 19 weeks and did not differ by prior positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction status. CONCLUSIONS Maternally derived severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies to natural infection may wane before delivery. Vaccines are recommended for pregnant persons to reduce severe illness and confer protection to infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Drake
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jaclyn N Escudero
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Morgan C Aurelio
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erica A Wetzler
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sascha R Ellington
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren B Zapata
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Romeo R Galang
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret C Snead
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krissy Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carol C Salerno
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbra A Richardson
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alisa B Kachikis
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sylvia M LaCourse
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Dobaño C, Ramírez-Morros A, Alonso S, Rubio R, Ruiz-Olalla G, Vidal-Alaball J, Macià D, Catalina QM, Vidal M, Casanovas AF, Prados de la Torre E, Barrios D, Jiménez A, Zanoncello J, Melero NR, Carolis C, Izquierdo L, Aguilar R, Moncunill G, Ruiz-Comellas A. Sustained seropositivity up to 20.5 months after COVID-19. BMC Med 2022; 20:379. [PMID: 36224590 PMCID: PMC9556137 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the persistence of IgM, IgA, and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens up to 616 days since the onset of symptoms in a longitudinal cohort of 247 primary health care workers from Barcelona, Spain, followed up since the start of the pandemic. The study also assesses factors affecting antibody levels, including comorbidities and the responses to variants of concern as well as the frequency of reinfections. Despite a gradual and significant decline in antibody levels with time, seropositivity to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens combined was always higher than 90% over the whole study period. In a subset of 23 participants who had not yet been vaccinated by November 2021, seropositivity remained at 95.65% (47.83% IgM, 95.65% IgA, 95.65% IgG). IgG seropositivity against Alpha and Delta predominant variants was comparable to that against the Wuhan variant, while it was lower for Gamma and Beta (minority) variants and for IgA and IgM. Antibody levels at the time point closest to infection were associated with age, smoking, obesity, hospitalization, fever, anosmia/hypogeusia, chest pain, and hypertension in multivariable regression models. Up to 1 year later, just before the massive roll out of vaccination, antibody levels were associated with age, occupation, hospitalization, duration of symptoms, anosmia/hypogeusia, fever, and headache. In addition, tachycardia and cutaneous symptoms associated with slower antibody decay, and oxygen supply with faster antibody decay. Eight reinfections (3.23%) were detected in low responders, which is consistent with a sustained protective role for anti-spike naturally acquired antibodies. Stable persistence of IgG and IgA responses and cross-recognition of the predominant variants circulating in the 2020-2021 period indicate long-lasting and largely variant-transcending humoral immunity in the initial 20.5 months of the pandemic, in the absence of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Alaball
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Grup de Promoció de la Salut en l'Àmbit Rural (ProSaARu), Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Dídac Macià
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Queralt Miró Catalina
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Fuster Casanovas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Esther Prados de la Torre
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jasmina Zanoncello
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Grup de Promoció de la Salut en l'Àmbit Rural (ProSaARu), Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada. Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
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19
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Kinetics of anti-nucleocapsid IgG response in COVID-19 immunocompetent convalescent patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12403. [PMID: 35859108 PMCID: PMC9297274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehension of a long-term humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 can shed light on the treatment and vaccination strategies of COVID-19 disease, improving the knowledge about this virus infection and/or re-infection. We assessed the IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein (anti-SARS-CoV-2 (N) IgG) in 1441 COVID-19 convalescent patients within 15 months longitudinal study from middle-developed country. The main inclusion criteria was positive RT– PCR result on nasopharyngeal swab samples at least one month before antibody testing and absence of any induced or inherited immunodeficiency. 92.7% of convalescent patients’ serum contained anti-SARS-CoV-2 (N) IgG and only 1.3% of patients had a delayed antibody response. In the majority of convalescent patients’ the durability of antibodies lasted more than one year. The kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (N) IgG took a bell-shaped character—increased first 25–30 weeks, then started to decrease, but were still detectable for more than 15 months. We found that on the one hand anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral response level correlates with disease severity, on the other, in particular, the level of peak antibodies correlates with age—older patients develop more robust humoral response regardless of sex, disease severity and BMI.
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20
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Healey Q, Sheikh A, Daines L, Vasileiou E. Symptoms and signs of long COVID: A rapid review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05014. [PMID: 35596571 PMCID: PMC9125197 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long COVID is defined as symptoms and signs related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that are present at least four weeks following acute infection. These symptoms and signs are poorly characterised but may be associated with significant morbidity. We sought to synthesise the evidence on their incidence to guide future research, policy and practice. Methods We searched Medline and Embase for longitudinal cohort studies from January 2020 to July 2021 that investigated adults with long COVID at least four weeks after acute infection. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for cohort studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed with subgroup analysis by follow-up time (4-12 vs more than 12 weeks). Results 19 studies were included, 13 of which included patients hospitalised with COVID-19. The total sample size was 10 643 and the follow-up time ranged from 30 to 340 days. Risk of bias was assessed as high in one study, moderate in two studies and low in the remaining 16 studies. The most common symptoms and signs seen at any time point in long COVID were fatigue (37%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 23-55), dyspnoea (21%; 95% CI = 14-30), olfactory dysfunction (17%; 95% CI = 9-29), myalgia (12%; 95% CI = 5-25), cough (11%; 95% CI = 6-20) and gustatory dysfunction (10%; 95% CI = 7-17). High heterogeneity was seen for all meta-analyses and the presence of some funnel plot asymmetry may indicate reporting bias. No effect of follow-up time was found for any symptom or sign included in the subgroup analysis. Conclusions We have summarised evidence from longitudinal cohort studies on the most common symptoms and signs associated with long COVID. High heterogeneity seen in the meta-analysis means pooled incidence estimates should be interpreted with caution. This heterogeneity may be attributable to studies including patients from different health care settings and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quin Healey
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luke Daines
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Kallaste A, Kisand K, Aart A, Kisand K, Peterson P, Lember M. Antibody levels remain high to one-year's follow-up after moderate and severe COVID-19, but not after mild cases. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022; 54:345-355. [PMID: 34951554 PMCID: PMC8787840 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2021.2018492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the longevity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection is of utmost importance in predicting the further course of the pandemic and to plan vaccination strategies. Here we report a cohort of COVID-19 patients with different disease severities whose antibody dynamics we evaluated during one-year of follow-up. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study of 123 COVID-19 patients and 45 SARS CoV-2 negative outpatients with upper respiratory tract infection. We analyzed the demographic and clinical features of the patients with COVID-19 in relation to different disease severities according to the WHO classification. The antibody response was evaluated by a Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) assay at 3, 6, and 12 months after the acute infection. RESULTS Amongst the enrolled COVID-19 patients, 15 (12%) had mild, 42 (34%) had moderate, 39 (32%) had severe and 27 (22%) had critical disease courses; 79% of the patients were hospitalized. During follow-up, all patients had anti-SARS RBD-IgG levels above the cut-off value on all visits, but the antibody levels varied significantly between the different disease severity groups. Between the six- and 12-month follow-up visits, 41% of patients were vaccinated, which enhanced their antibody levels significantly. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate sustained antibody levels at one-year after moderate and severe COVID-19 infection. Vaccination of patients with the mild disease is important to raise the antibody levels to a protective level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kallaste
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- South-Estonian Hospital, Võru Vald, Estonia
| | - Kalle Kisand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agnes Aart
- South-Estonian Hospital, Võru Vald, Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Lember
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection is generally known for many viruses. A potential risk of ADE in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has also been discussed since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, clinical evidence of the presence of antibodies with ADE potential is limited. Here, we show that ADE antibodies are produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the ADE process can be mediated by at least two different host factors, Fcγ receptor (FcγR) and complement component C1q. Of 89 serum samples collected from acute or convalescent COVID-19 patients, 62.9% were found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG. FcγR- and/or C1q-mediated ADE were detected in 50% of the IgG-positive sera, whereas most of them showed neutralizing activity in the absence of FcγR and C1q. Importantly, ADE antibodies were found in 41.4% of the acute COVID-19 patients. Neutralizing activity was also detected in most of the IgG-positive sera, but it was counteracted by ADE in subneutralizing conditions in the presence of FcγR or C1q. Although the clinical importance of ADE needs to be further investigated with larger numbers of COVID-19 patient samples, our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes multiple mechanisms of ADE. C1q-mediated ADE may particularly have a clinical impact since C1q is present at high concentrations in plasma and its receptors are ubiquitously expressed on the surfaces of many types of cells, including respiratory epithelial cells, which SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects. IMPORTANCE Potential risks of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been discussed and the proposed mechanism mostly depends on the Fc gamma receptor (FcγR). However, since FcγRs are exclusively expressed on immune cells, which are not primary targets of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical importance of ADE of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains controversial. Our study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces antibodies that increase SARS-CoV-2 infection through another ADE mechanism in which complement component C1q mediates the enhancement. Although neutralizing activity was also detected in the serum samples, it was counteracted by ADE in the presence of FcγR or C1q. Considering the ubiquity of C1q and its cellular receptors, C1q-mediated ADE may more likely occur in respiratory epithelial cells, which SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects. Our data highlight the importance of careful monitoring of the antibody properties in COVID-19 convalescent and vaccinated individuals.
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23
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Bilgin H, Marku M, Yilmaz SS, Karahasan Yagci A, Sili U, Can B, Can Sarinoglu R, Mulazimoglu Durmusoglu L, Haklar G, Sirikci O, Eksioglu Demiralp E. The effect of immunization with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection on antibody levels, plasmablasts, long-lived-plasma-cells, and IFN-γ release by natural killer cells. Vaccine 2022; 40:2619-2625. [PMID: 35339303 PMCID: PMC8930391 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the antibody response, natural killer cell response and B cell phenotypes in healthcare workers (HCW) who are vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac with or without documented SARS-CoV-2 infection and unvaccinated HCWs with SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS HCWs were divided into four groups: vaccine only (VO), vaccine after SARS-CoV-2 infection (VAI), SARS-CoV-2 infection only (IO), and SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccine (IAV). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Anti-S) antibodies were measured by Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S ELISA kit. Memory B cells (CD19+CD27+), plasmablast B cells (CD19+CD138+) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPC; CD138+CD19-) were measured by flow cytometry in 74 patients. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release by natural killer (NK) cells were measured by NKVue Test (NKMAX, Republic of Korea) in 76 patients. RT-PCR was performed with Bio-speedy® COVID-19 qPCR detection kit, Version 2 (Bioexen LTD, Istanbul, Turkey). RESULTS The Anti-S antibodies were detectable in all HCWs (n: 224). The median Anti-S titers (BAU/mL) was significantly higher in VAI (620 25-75% 373-1341) compared to VO (136, 25-75% 85-283) and IO (111, 25-75% 54-413, p < 0.01). VAI group had significantly lower percentage of plasmablasts (2.9; 0-8.7) compared to VO (6.8; 3.5-12.0) and IO (9.9; 4.7-47.5, p < 0.01) (n:74). Percentage of LLPCs in groups VO, VAI and IO was similar. There was no difference of IFN-γ levels between the study groups (n: 76). CONCLUSION The antibody response was similar between uninfected vaccinated HCWs and unvaccinated HCWs who had natural infection. HCWs who had two doses of CoronaVac either before or after the natural SARS-CoV-2 infection elicited significantly higher antibody responses compared to uninfected vaccinated HCWs. The lower percentages of plasmablasts in the VAI group may indicate their migration to lymph nodes and initiation of the germinal center reaction phase. IFN-γ response did not differ among the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Bilgin
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Marisa Marku
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sultan Seval Yilmaz
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Uluhan Sili
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Can
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabia Can Sarinoglu
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Goncagul Haklar
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Onder Sirikci
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Emel Eksioglu Demiralp
- Istanbul Memorial Şişli Hospital, Tissue Typing and Immunology Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey.
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24
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Jiang M, Dong T, Han C, Liu L, Zhang T, Kang Q, Wang P, Zhou F. Regenerable and high-throughput surface plasmon resonance assay for rapid screening of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in serum samples. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1208:339830. [PMID: 35525598 PMCID: PMC9006689 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Gong X, Cui P, Wu H, Pan H, Teng Z, Yuan F, Mao S, Kong D, Han R, Zhao X, Zheng Y, Xiao W, Zhu Y, Fang Q, Lin S, Jin B, Chu R, Jiang C, Yu X, Qiu Q, Lu Y, Wang W, Fu C, Sun X. Long-term immune responses in patients with confirmed novel coronavirus disease-2019: a 9-month prospective cohort study in Shanghai, China. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:240. [PMID: 35272627 PMCID: PMC8907900 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Covid-19 patients remains uncertain. Longitudinal serological studies are needed to prevent disease and transmission of the virus. METHODS In 2020, 414 blood samples were tested, obtained from 157 confirmed Covid-19 patients, in a prospective cohort study in Shanghai. RESULTS The seropositive rate of IgM peaked at 40.5% (17/42) within 1 month after illness onset and then declined. The seropositive rate of IgG was 90.6% (58/64) after 2 months, remained above 85% from 2 to 9 months and was 90.9% (40/44) after 9 months. Generalized estimating equations models suggested that IgM (P < 0.001) but not IgG significantly decreased over time. Age ≥ 40 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.531; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.879-10.932), and cigarette smoking (aOR 0.344; 95% CI 0.124-0.951) were associated with IgG, and age ≥ 40 years (aOR 2.820; 95% CI 1.579-5.036) was associated with IgM. After seroconversion, over 90% and 75.1% of subjects were estimated to remain IgG-positive 220 and 254 days, respectively. Of 1420 self-reported symptoms questionnaires, only 5% reported symptoms 9 months after onset. CONCLUSIONS In patients with a history of natural infection, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG is long-lived, being present for at least 9 months after illness onset. The long duration of natural immunity can mitigate and eliminate Covid-19 and the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Gong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghua Mao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Dechuan Kong
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruobing Han
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxu Zheng
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Xiao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwen Fang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Bihong Jin
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilin Chu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Fu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Noh JY, Yang JS, Hwang SY, Hyun H, Seong H, Yoon JG, Yoon SY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, Park WJ, Kim JW, Lee JY, Song JY. Duration of humoral immunity and cross-neutralizing activity against the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants after wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:975-978. [PMID: 35172333 PMCID: PMC8903377 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A prospective cohort study was conducted for adults with a diagnosis of with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Convalescent blood samples were obtained 4, 6, and 11 months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The seropositivity of anti-spike antibody was maintained in all patients (100%) until 11 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. Neutralizing antibody levels against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 gradually decreased but remained positive in >50% of patients 11 months after diagnosis: in 98.5% (67 of 68) at 4 months, 86.8% (46 of 53) at 6 months, and 58.8% (40 of 68) at 11 months. However, cross-neutralizing activity against the Beta and Delta variants was attenuated 2.53-fold and 2.93-fold, respectively, compared with the wild-type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Yang
- Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakjun Hyun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gu Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Park
- Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Kim
- Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Costa JPD, Meireles P, Rodrigues PNS, Barros H. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of workers from the University of Porto, Portugal. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022; 54:441-447. [PMID: 35129057 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2035429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated serosurveys in the same population provide more accurate estimates of the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection and more comparable data over time than notified cases. We aimed to estimate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, identify associated factors, and assess time trends in the ratio of serological/molecular diagnosis in a cohort of university workers. METHODS Participants had a serological rapid test for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins M and G, and completed a questionnaire, in May-July 2020 (n = 3628) and November 2020-January 2021 (n = 2661); 1960 participated in both evaluations and provided data to compute the incidence proportion and the incidence rate. Crude and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using generalized linear models with Poisson regression. RESULTS The incidence rate was 1.8/100 person-months (95% CI: 1.5-2.0), and the 6 months' cumulative incidence was 10.7%. The serological/molecular diagnosis ratio was 10:1 in the first evaluation and 3:1 in the second. Considering newly identified seropositive cases at the first (n = 69) and second evaluation (n = 202), 29.0% and 9.4% never reported symptoms, respectively, 14.5% and 33.3% reported contact with a confirmed case and 82.6%, and 46.0% never had a molecular test. Males (aIRR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44-0.85) and 'high-skilled white-collar' workers (aIRR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.53-1.04) had lower risk of infection. CONCLUSION University workers presented a high SARS-CoV-2 incidence while restrictive measures were in place. The time decrease in the proportion of undiagnosed cases reflected the increased access and awareness to testing, but opportunities continued to be missed, even in the presence of COVID-19-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pinto da Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Meireles
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro N S Rodrigues
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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28
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Kurano M, Ohmiya H, Kishi Y, Okada J, Nakano Y, Yokoyama R, Qian C, Xia F, He F, Zheng L, Yu Y, Jubishi D, Okamoto K, Moriya K, Kodama T, Yatomi Y. Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titers Improves the Prediction Accuracy of COVID-19 Maximum Severity by Machine Learning in Non-Vaccinated Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:811952. [PMID: 35126396 PMCID: PMC8814445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that the titers of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are associated with the COVID-19 severity, however, the types of antibodies associated with the disease maximum severity and the timing at which the associations are best observed, especially within one week after symptom onset, remain controversial. We attempted to elucidate the antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 that are associated with the maximum severity of COVID-19 in the early phase of the disease, and to investigate whether antibody testing might contribute to prediction of the disease maximum severity in COVID-19 patients. We classified the patients into four groups according to the disease maximum severity (severity group 1 (did not require oxygen supplementation), severity group 2a (required oxygen supplementation at low flow rates), severity group 2b (required oxygen supplementation at relatively high flow rates), and severity group 3 (required mechanical ventilatory support)), and serially measured the titers of IgM, IgG, and IgA against the nucleocapsid protein, spike protein, and receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 until day 12 after symptom onset. The titers of all the measured antibody responses were higher in severity group 2b and 3, especially severity group 2b, as early as at one week after symptom onset. Addition of data obtained from antibody testing improved the ability of analysis models constructed using a machine learning technique to distinguish severity group 2b and 3 from severity group 1 and 2a. These models constructed with non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients could not be applied to the cases of breakthrough infections. These results suggest that antibody testing might help physicians identify non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients who are likely to require admission to an intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Makoto Kurano,
| | - Hiroko Ohmiya
- Business Planning Department, Sales & Marketing Division, Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kishi
- Business Planning Department, Sales & Marketing Division, Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Okada
- Business Planning Department, Sales & Marketing Division, Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rin Yokoyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chungen Qian
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuzhen Xia
- Reagent R&D Center, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan He
- Reagent R&D Center, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Reagent R&D Center, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Reagent R&D Center, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daisuke Jubishi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Guo X, Zhang J, Wu X. Spatio-temporal characteristics of the novel coronavirus attention network and its influencing factors in China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257291. [PMID: 34529727 PMCID: PMC8445458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), wherein more than 200 million people have been infected and millions have died, poses a great threat to achieving the United Nations 2030 sustainable development goal (SDGs). Based on the Baidu index of 'novel coronavirus', this paper analyses the spatial and temporal characteristics of and factors that influenced the attention network for COVID-19 from January 9, 2020, to April 15, 2020. The study found that (1) Temporally, the attention in the new coronavirus network showed an upward trend from January 9 to January 29, with the largest increase from January 23 to January 29 and a peak on January 29, and then a slow downward trend. The level of attention in the new coronavirus network was basically flat when comparing January 22 and March 4. (2) Spatially, first, from the perspective of regional differences, the network attention in the eastern and central regions decreased in turn. The network users in the eastern region exhibited the highest attention to the new coronavirus, especially in Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangsu and other provinces and cities. The network attention in Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Ningxia in the western region was the lowest in terms of the national network attention. Second, from the perspective of interprovincial differences, the attention in the new coronavirus network was highly consistent with the Hu Huanyong line of China's population boundary. The east of the Hu Huanyong line is densely populated, and the network showed high concern, mostly ranking at the third to fifth levels. (3) The number of Internet users in the information technology field, the population, and the culture and age characteristics of individuals are important factors that influence the novel coronavirus attention network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Guo
- College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Institute of Geosciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xueling Wu
- College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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30
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Assessing the Quality of Serological Testing in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a European External Quality Assessment (EQA) Scheme for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0055921. [PMID: 34190575 PMCID: PMC8373014 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00559-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
External quality assessment (EQA) is a key instrument for achieving harmonization, and thus a high quality, of diagnostic procedures. As reliable test results are crucial for accurate assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence, vaccine response, and immunity, and thus for successful management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Reference Institute for Bioanalytics (RfB) was the first EQA provider to offer an open scheme for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection. The main objectives of this EQA were (i) to gain insights into the current diagnostic landscape and the performance of serological tests in Europe and (ii) to provide recommendations for diagnostic improvements. Within the EQA, a blinded panel of precharacterized human serum samples with variable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers was provided for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies. Across the three distribution rounds in 2020, 284 laboratories from 22 countries reported a total of 3,744 results for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection using more than 24 different assays for IgG. Overall, 97/3,004 results were false for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, 88/248 for IgA, and 34/124 for IgM. Regarding diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, substantial differences were found between the different assays used, as well as between certified and noncertified tests. For cutoff samples, a drop in the diagnostic sensitivity to 46.3% and high interlaboratory variability were observed. In general, this EQA highlights the current variability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection, technical limitations with respect to cutoff samples, and the lack of harmonization of testing procedures. Recommendations are provided to help laboratories and manufacturers further improve the quality of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological diagnostics.
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31
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Horton DB, Barrett ES, Roy J, Gennaro ML, Andrews T, Greenberg P, Bruiners N, Datta P, Ukey R, Velusamy SK, Fine D, Honnen WJ, Yin YS, Pinter A, Brooks A, Tischfield J, Hussain S, Jagpal S, Swaminathan S, Parmar V, Reilly N, Gaur S, Panettieri RA, Carson JL, Blaser MJ. Determinants and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a diverse population: 6-month evaluation of a prospective cohort study. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1345-1356. [PMID: 34387310 PMCID: PMC8436370 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We studied risk factors, antibodies, and symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a diverse, ambulatory population. Methods A prospective cohort (n = 831) previously undiagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection underwent serial testing (SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction, immunoglobulin G [IgG]) for 6 months. Results Ninety-three participants (11.2%) tested SARS-CoV-2-positive: 14 (15.1%) asymptomatic, 24 (25.8%) severely symptomatic. Healthcare workers (n = 548) were more likely to become infected (14.2% vs 5.3%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–3.3) and severely symptomatic (29.5% vs 6.7%). IgG antibodies were detected after 79% of asymptomatic infections, 89% with mild-moderate symptoms, and 96% with severe symptoms. IgG trajectories after asymptomatic infections (slow increases) differed from symptomatic infections (early peaks within 2 months). Most participants (92%) had persistent IgG responses (median 171 days). In multivariable models, IgG titers were positively associated with symptom severity, certain comorbidities, and hospital work. Dyspnea and neurologic changes (including altered smell/taste) lasted ≥ 120 days in ≥ 10% of affected participants. Prolonged symptoms (frequently more severe) corresponded to higher antibody levels. Conclusions In a prospective, ethnically diverse cohort, symptom severity correlated with the magnitude and trajectory of IgG production. Symptoms frequently persisted for many months after infection. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04336215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research; New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute; Rutgers University; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tracy Andrews
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Patricia Greenberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pratik Datta
- Public Health Research Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Daniel Fine
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - William J Honnen
- Public Health Research Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yue Sandra Yin
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine; Rutgers University; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Brooks
- Infinity Biologix® and Human Genetics Institute of NJ and Department of Genetics, Rutgers University; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Infinity Biologix® and Human Genetics Institute of NJ and Department of Genetics, Rutgers University; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sabiha Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sugeet Jagpal
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shobha Swaminathan
- Public Global Health Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Veenat Parmar
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nancy Reilly
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sunanda Gaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey L Carson
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine; Rutgers University; Piscataway, NJ, USA
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32
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Béné MC, Bittencourt MDC, Chevallier P. Post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination specific antibody decrease : Let's get the half-full glass perspective. J Infect 2021; 84:94-118. [PMID: 34332018 PMCID: PMC8318667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Béné
- Hematology Biology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France; CRCINA, Inserm, Nantes, France.
| | - Marcelo de Carvalho Bittencourt
- Immunology Laboratory, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France; CNRS UMR 7365, IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Patrice Chevallier
- CRCINA, Inserm, Nantes, France; Hematology Clinic, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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33
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Saussez S, Sharma S, Thiriard A, Olislagers V, Vu Duc I, Le Bon SD, Khalife M, Hans S, De Riu G, Hopkins C, Lechien JR, Vaira LA, Marchant A. Predictive factors of smell recovery in a clinical series of 288 coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:3702-3711. [PMID: 34157187 PMCID: PMC8444937 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim was to evaluate potential predictive factors of smell recovery in a clinical series of 288 patients presenting olfactory dysfunction (OD) related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Potential correlations were sought between epidemiological, clinical and immunological characteristics of patients and the persistence of OD at 60 days. METHODS COVID-19 positive patients presenting OD were prospectively recruited from three European hospitals. Baseline clinical and olfactory evaluations were performed within the first 2 weeks after OD onset and repeated at 30 and 60 days. In a subgroup of patients, anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies were measured in serum, saliva and nasal secretions at 60 days. RESULTS A total of 288 COVID-19 patients with OD were included in the study. Two weeks after the onset of the loss of smell, 52.4% of patients had OD on psychophysical tests, including 113 cases (39.2%) of anosmia and 38 cases (13.2%) of hyposmia. At 60-day follow-up, 25.4% of the patients presented persistent OD. There was no significant correlation between sex, age, viral load on nasopharyngeal swab or COVID-19 severity and poor olfactory outcome. In a subgroup of 63 patients, it was demonstrated that patients with poor olfactory outcomes at 60 days had lower levels of salivary and nasal immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG1, but similar levels of antibodies in the serum. CONCLUSIONS No clinical markers predicted the evolution of OD at 60 days. Patients with poor olfactory outcome at 60 days had lower saliva and nasal antibodies, suggesting a role for local immune responses in the persistence of COVID-19 related OD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Saussez
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.,Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium
| | - Shilpee Sharma
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Anaïs Thiriard
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Véronique Olislagers
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Inès Vu Duc
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Serge-D Le Bon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohamad Khalife
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium
| | - Stephane Hans
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Giacomo De Riu
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,British Rhinological Society (President), London, UK
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Luigi A Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Biomedical Science PhD School, Biomedical Science Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
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