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Wang S, Zhang Z, Li D, Illa SE, Li L. In silico model-based exploration of the applicability of parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) to screen chemicals of environmental concern. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107589. [PMID: 36274493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) is an in vitro laboratory method for screening the transmembrane permeability of chemicals. Stemming from medicinal chemistry, PAMPA has the potential for use in the cost-effective high-throughput evaluation of chemicals of environmental concern. However, many chemicals of environmental concern differ substantially from pharmaceuticals in hydrophobicity and volatility. Here, we develop an in silico mass balance model to explore the impacts of chemical properties on chemical mass transfer in PAMPA and PAMPA's applicability to hydrophobic or volatile chemicals of environmental concern. The model's performance is evaluated by agreement between predicted and measured permeabilities of 1383 chemicals. The model predicts that the PAMPA measured permeability can be highly uncertain for hydrophobic chemicals because of considerable retention by the artificial membrane and for volatile chemicals because of substantial volatilization to the headspace. Notably, the permeabilities of hydrophobic chemicals are remarkably sensitive to specific experimental conditions, for example, the frequency of stirring and incubation time, challenging the comparison between measurements under different conditions. For hydrophobic chemicals, the PAMPA measured permeability may largely indicate the permeability of the unstirred water layer over the membrane, instead of the "intrinsic" permeability of the membrane, and therefore, may not be of interest for environmental exposure and risk assessments. The model also predicts that the time for mass transfer of highly hydrophobic chemicals to reach the steady state likely exceeds the incubation time, which violates the steady-state assumption used in calculating permeability from measured concentrations. Overall, our theoretical analysis underscores the importance to consider chemical properties when applying the current design of PAMPA to chemicals of environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, 89557-274, USA
| | - Zhizhen Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, 89557-274, USA
| | - Dingsheng Li
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, 89557-274, USA
| | - Siena Elizabeth Illa
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, 89557-274, USA
| | - Li Li
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, 89557-274, USA.
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2
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Yamada K, Hayashi Y, Sasaki K, Higuchi K, Shindo T, Shikama H, Sato H, Onoue S. Nanocrystal solid dispersion of fuzapladib free acid with improved oral bioavailability. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2022; 43:89-97. [PMID: 35322875 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an oral nanocrystal solid dispersion (nCSD) of fuzapladib (FZP) with enhanced absorbability for the treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP). The hydration properties of crystalline FZP free acid (crystalline FZP) and FZP sodium salt (FZP/Na) were assessed to select a stable crystal form. The nCSD of FZP free acid (nCSD/FZP) was prepared using a multi-inlet vortex mixer and evaluated in terms of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The results of X-ray powder diffraction analysis indicated that crystalline FZP was stable as an anhydrate, while FZP/Na was converted to its monohydrate at water activity of above 0.2. The nanocrystals in nCSD/FZP were dispersed in hydroxy propyl cellulose-SSL, and their mean particle size were 160 nm with uniform spherical shape. In dissolution testing, nCSD/FZP exhibited rapid dissolution compared with crystalline FZP and reached a saturated concentration of FZP within initial 30 min. After oral administration (2 mg-FZP/kg) to rats, the maximum plasma concentration and bioavailability were 7.3- and 5.2-fold higher for nCSD/FZP than crystalline FZP, respectively, due to improved dissolution by nanosization. In conclusion, nCSD/FZP may be a novel oral dosage form with enhanced absorbability facilitating potent therapeutic effects of FZP for the treatment of AP in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuto Hayashi
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenta Sasaki
- Central Research Institute, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Koji Higuchi
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.,Central Research Institute, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shindo
- Central Research Institute, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shikama
- Central Research Institute, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Li L. Emerging investigator series: the role of chemical properties in human exposure to environmental chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1839-1862. [PMID: 34542121 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00252j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the ultimate goals of environmental exposure science is to mechanistically understand how chemical properties and human behavior interactively determine human exposure to the wide spectrum of chemicals present in the environment. This comprehensive review assembles state-of-the-art knowledge of the role of partitioning, dissociation, mass transfer, and reactive properties in human contact with and absorption of organic chemicals via oral, dermal, and respiratory routes. Existing studies have revealed that chemicals with different properties vary greatly in mass distribution and occurrence among multiple exposure media, resulting in distinct patterns of human intake from the environment. On the other hand, these chemicals encounter different levels of resistance in the passage of intestinal, dermal, and pulmonary absorption barriers and demonstrate different levels of bioavailability, due to the selectivity of biochemical, anatomical and physiological structures of these absorption barriers. Moving forward, the research community needs to gain more in-depth mechanistic insights into the complex processes in human exposure, advance the technique to better characterize and predict chemical properties, generate and leverage experimental data for a more diverse range of chemicals, and describe better the interactions between chemical properties and human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, 89557-274, Reno, Nevada, USA.
| | - Shenghong Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, 89557-274, Reno, Nevada, USA.
| | - Li Li
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, 89557-274, Reno, Nevada, USA.
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Adepu S, Ramakrishna S. Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Current Status and Future Directions. Molecules 2021; 26:5905. [PMID: 34641447 PMCID: PMC8512302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug delivery system enables the release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient to achieve a desired therapeutic response. Conventional drug delivery systems (tablets, capsules, syrups, ointments, etc.) suffer from poor bioavailability and fluctuations in plasma drug level and are unable to achieve sustained release. Without an efficient delivery mechanism, the whole therapeutic process can be rendered useless. Moreover, the drug has to be delivered at a specified controlled rate and at the target site as precisely as possible to achieve maximum efficacy and safety. Controlled drug delivery systems are developed to combat the problems associated with conventional drug delivery. There has been a tremendous evolution in controlled drug delivery systems from the past two decades ranging from macro scale and nano scale to intelligent targeted delivery. The initial part of this review provides a basic understanding of drug delivery systems with an emphasis on the pharmacokinetics of the drug. It also discusses the conventional drug delivery systems and their limitations. Further, controlled drug delivery systems are discussed in detail with the design considerations, classifications and drawings. In addition, nano-drug delivery, targeted and smart drug delivery using stimuli-responsive and intelligent biomaterials is discussed with recent key findings. The paper concludes with the challenges faced and future directions in controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakalyani Adepu
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore (NUS), 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore (NUS), 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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5
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García MA, Cristofoletti R, Abrahamsson B, Groot DW, Parr A, Polli JE, Mehta M, Shah VP, Tomakazu T, Dressman JB, Langguth P. Biowaiver Monograph for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Carbamazepine. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:1935-1947. [PMID: 33610571 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Literature relevant to assessing whether BCS-based biowaivers can be applied to immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms containing carbamazepine as the single active pharmaceutical ingredient are reviewed. Carbamazepine, which is used for the prophylactic therapy of epilepsy, is a non-ionizable drug that cannot be considered "highly soluble" across the range of pH values usually encountered in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, evidence in the open literature suggests that carbamazepine is a BCS Class 2 drug. Nevertheless, the oral absolute bioavailability of carbamazepine lies between 70 and 78% and both in vivo and in vitro data support the classification of carbamazepine as a highly permeable drug. Since the therapeutic and toxic plasma level ranges overlap, carbamazepine is considered to have a narrow therapeutic index. For these reasons, a BCS based biowaiver for IR tablets of carbamazepine cannot be recommended. Interestingly, in nine out of ten studies, USP dissolution conditions (900 mL water with 1% SLS, paddle, 75 rpm) appropriately discriminated among bioinequivalent products and this may be a way forward to predicting whether a given formulation will be bioequivalent to the comparator product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A García
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Dirk W Groot
- RIVM (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehul Mehta
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vinod P Shah
- International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Tajiri Tomakazu
- Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jennifer B Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, ITMP, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Peter Langguth
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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6
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Vastag G, Apostolov S, Kaurinovic B, Grbovic L. Applying multivariate methods in the estimation of bioactivity properties of acetamide derivatives. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/1006.2018.31.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyöngyi Vastag
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Suzana Apostolov
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Biljana Kaurinovic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Grbovic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Lozoya-Agullo I, González-Álvarez I, Merino-Sanjuán M, Bermejo M, González-Álvarez M. Preclinical models for colonic absorption, application to controlled release formulation development. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:247-259. [PMID: 30064699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral controlled release (CR) formulations have many benefits and have become a valuable resource for the local and systemic administration of drugs. The most important characteristic of these pharmaceutical products is that drug absorption occurs mainly in the colon. Therefore, this review analyses the physiological and physicochemical features that may affect an orally administered CR product, as well as the different strategies to develop a CR dosage form and the methods used to evaluate the formulation efficacy. The models available to study the intestinal permeability and their applicability to colonic permeability determinations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lozoya-Agullo
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain; Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Matilde Merino-Sanjuán
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Spain; Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Polytechnic University-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
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8
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Ando H, Hatakeyama H, Sato H, Hisaka A, Suzuki H. Determinants of Intestinal Availability for P-glycoprotein Substrate Drugs Estimated by Extensive Simulation With Mathematical Absorption Models. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2771-2779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Evaluation of in silico pharmacokinetic properties and in vitro cytotoxic activity of selected newly synthesized N-succinimide derivatives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 137:252-257. [PMID: 28167418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Design of a new drug entity is usually preceded by analysis of quantitative structure activity (properties) relationships, QSA(P)R. Six newly synthesized succinimide derivatives have been determined for (i) in silico physico-chemical descriptors, pharmacokinetic and toxicity predictors, (ii) in vitro biological activity on four different carcinoma cell lines and on normal fetal lung cells and (iii) lipophilicity on liquid chromatography. All compounds observed were predicted for good permeability and solubility, good oral absorption rate and moderate volume of distribution as well as for modest blood brain permeation, followed by acceptable observed toxicity. In silico determined lipophilicity, permeability through jejunum and aqueous solubility were correlated with experimentally obtained lipophilic constants (by use of high pressure liquid chromatography) and linear correlations were obtained. Absorption rate and volume of distribution were predicted by chromatographic lipophilicity measurements while permeation through blood bran barrier was predicted dominantly by molecular size defined with molecular weight. Five compounds have demonstrated antiproliferative activity toward cervix carcinoma HeLa cell lines; three were cytotoxic against breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells, while one inhibited proliferation of colon carcinoma HT-29 cell lines. Only one compound was cytotoxic toward normal cell lines, while other compounds were proven as safe. Antiproliferative potential against HeLa cells was described as exponential function of lipophilicity. Based on obtained results, lead compounds were selected.
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10
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11
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Lozoya-Agullo I, González-Álvarez I, González-Álvarez M, Merino-Sanjuán M, Bermejo M. Development of an ion-pair to improve the colon permeability of a low permeability drug: Atenolol. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:334-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Salary M, Hadjmohammadi M. Human serum albumin-mimetic chromatography based hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as a novel direct probe for protein binding of acidic drugs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Milošević N, Janjić N, Milić N, Milanović M, Popović J, Antonović D. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity predictors of new s-triazines, herbicide candidates, in correlation with chromatogrpahic retention constants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8579-8585. [PMID: 25093448 DOI: 10.1021/jf502405k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides, which are ubiquitously present in soil and food, have been proven to cause human health hazard effects, hence development of new herbicide-active compounds is recommended. In this paper, nine 2,4-bis(cycloalkyl)-6-chloro-s-triazines were considered as herbicide candidates and their pharmacokinetics and toxicity were reviewed on the basis of in silico descriptors. Both, pharmacokinetic and toxicity predictors were presented as functions of their lipophilicity, quantified with retention constants that were obtained by liquid chromatography. None of the candidates investigated has functional groups for genotoxicity hazards and endocrine disruptions; they have acceptable toxicity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties based on computer-aided analyses. Two candidates have been selected as lead compounds for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Milošević
- Department of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, and §Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad , Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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14
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Abraham MH. Human Intestinal Absorption—Neutral Molecules and Ionic Species. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1956-1966. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Kotb E. The biotechnological potential of fibrinolytic enzymes in the dissolution of endogenous blood thrombi. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:656-72. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Essam Kotb
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt 44519
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16
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Milošević NP, Stojanović SZ, Penov-Gaši K, Perišić-Janjić N, Kaliszan R. Reversed- and normal-phase liquid chromatography in quantitative structure retention–property relationships of newly synthesized seco-androstene derivatives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 88:636-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Milošević NP, Dimova VB, Perišić-Janjić NU. RP TLC data in correlation studies with in silico pharmacokinetic properties of benzimidazole and benztriazole derivatives. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Armitage JM, Arnot JA, Wania F, Mackay D. Development and evaluation of a mechanistic bioconcentration model for ionogenic organic chemicals in fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:115-28. [PMID: 23023933 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic mass balance bioconcentration model is developed and parameterized for ionogenic organic chemicals (IOCs) in fish and evaluated against a compilation of empirical bioconcentration factors (BCFs). The model is subsequently applied to a set of perfluoroalkyl acids. Key aspects of model development include revised methods to estimate the chemical absorption efficiency of IOCs at the respiratory surface (E(W) ) and the use of distribution ratios to characterize the overall sorption capacity of the organism. Membrane-water distribution ratios (D(MW) ) are used to characterize sorption to phospholipids instead of only considering the octanol-water distribution ratio (D(OW) ). Modeled BCFs are well correlated with the observations (e.g., r(2) = 0.68 and 0.75 for organic acids and bases, respectively) and accurate to within a factor of three on average. Model prediction errors appear to be largely the result of uncertainties in the biotransformation rate constant (k(M) ) estimates and the generic approaches for estimating sorption capacity (e.g., D(MW) ). Model performance for the set of perfluoroalkyl acids considered is highly dependent on the input parameters describing hydrophobicity (i.e., log K(OW) of the neutral form). The model applications broadly support the hypothesis that phospholipids contribute substantially to the sorption capacity of fish, particularly for compounds that exhibit a high degree of ionization at biologically relevant pH. Additional empirical data on biotransformation and sorption to phospholipids and subsequent incorporation into property estimation approaches (e.g., k(M) , D(MW) ) are priorities with respect to improving model performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Armitage
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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19
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Farrell TL, Poquet L, Dew TP, Barber S, Williamson G. Predicting Phenolic Acid Absorption in Caco-2 Cells: A Theoretical Permeability Model and Mechanistic Study. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 40:397-406. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.041665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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20
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Kumar R, Sharma A, Varadwaj PK. A prediction model for oral bioavailability of drugs using physicochemical properties by support vector machine. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2011; 2:168-73. [PMID: 22346230 PMCID: PMC3276008 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.92325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A computational model for predicting oral bioavailability is very important both in the early stage of drug discovery to select the promising compounds for further optimizations and in later stage to identify candidates for clinical trials. In present study, we propose a support vector machine (SVM)-based kernel learning approach carried out at a set of 511 chemically diverse compounds with known oral bioavailability values. MATERIAL AND METHODS For each drug, 12 descriptors were calculated. The selection of optimal hyper-plane parameters was performed with 384 training set data and the prediction efficiency of proposed classifier was tested on 127 test set data. RESULTS The overall prediction efficiency for the test set came out to be 96.85%. Youden's index and Matthew correlation index were found to be 0.929 and 0.909, respectively. The area under receiver operating curve (ROC) was found to be 0.943 with standard error 0.0253. CONCLUSION The prediction model suggests that while considering chemoinformatics approaches into account, SVM-based prediction of oral bioavailability can be a significantly important tool for drug development and discovery at a preliminary level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Deoghat, Jhalwa, Allahabad, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anju Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Deoghat, Jhalwa, Allahabad, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pritish Kumar Varadwaj
- Department of Bioinformatics, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Deoghat, Jhalwa, Allahabad, India
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Sugano K, Kansy M, Artursson P, Avdeef A, Bendels S, Di L, Ecker GF, Faller B, Fischer H, Gerebtzoff G, Lennernaes H, Senner F. Coexistence of passive and carrier-mediated processes in drug transport. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010; 9:597-614. [PMID: 20671764 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The permeability of biological membranes is one of the most important determinants of the pharmacokinetic processes of a drug. Although it is often accepted that many drug substances are transported across biological membranes by passive transcellular diffusion, a recent hypothesis speculated that carrier-mediated mechanisms might account for the majority of membrane drug transport processes in biological systems. Based on evidence of the physicochemical characteristics and of in vitro and in vivo findings for marketed drugs, as well as results from real-life discovery and development projects, we present the view that both passive transcellular processes and carrier-mediated processes coexist and contribute to drug transport activities across biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Sugano
- Pfizer, Research Formulation, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK.
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Sugano K, Kataoka M, da Costa Mathews C, Yamashita S. Prediction of food effect by bile micelles on oral drug absorption considering free fraction in intestinal fluid. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 40:118-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Sugano K, Cucurull‐Sanchez L, Bennett J. Membrane Permeability – Measurement and Prediction in Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527627448.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Reynolds DP, Lanevskij K, Japertas P, Didziapetris R, Petrauskas A. Ionization-specific analysis of human intestinal absorption. J Pharm Sci 2010; 98:4039-54. [PMID: 19360843 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a mechanistic QSAR analysis of human intestinal absorption of drugs and drug-like compounds using a data set of 567 %HIA values. Experimental data represent passive diffusion across intestinal membranes, and are considered to be reasonably free of carrier-mediated transport or other unwanted effects. A nonlinear model was developed relating %HIA to physicochemical properties of drugs (lipophilicity, ionization, hydrogen bonding, and molecular size). The model describes ion-specific intestinal permeability of drugs by both transcellular and paracellular routes, and also accounts for unstirred water layer effects. The obtained model was validated on two external data sets consisting of in vivo human jejunal permeability coefficients (P(eff)) and absorption rate constants (K(a)). Validation results demonstrate good predictive power of the model (RMSE = 0.35-0.45 log units for log K(a) and log P(eff)). High prediction accuracy together with clear physicochemical interpretation (log P, pK(a)) makes this model particularly suitable for use in property-based drug design.
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25
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Sugano K. Possible reduction of effective thickness of intestinal unstirred water layer by particle drifting effect. Int J Pharm 2009; 387:103-9. [PMID: 20006692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
According to the present theory of oral absorption, in the case of solubility limited absorption, the absorbed amount would not increase despite an increase in dose or a decrease in particle size. However, many experimental observations suggested that the absorbed amount was often increased (though sub-proportionally) as the dose strength increased. In addition, the particle size reduction was often effective to increase the absorbed amount even in the case of solubility limited absorption. Since an increase of the dose strength and a decrease of the particle size cause no or little change in solubility and the mean intestinal transit time, effective intestinal membrane permeability (P(eff)) should have changed. The previous theory postulated that drug particles do not exist in the unstirred water layer (UWL) which is adjacent to the intestinal membrane. However, many reports suggested that nano- to micro-scale drug particles existed in the UWL. In this case, the effective thickness of the UWL (h(eff)) could be smaller than the nominal thickness, resulting in an increase of P(eff). In the present study, h(eff) was simply calculated assuming that the reduction of h(eff) is in proportion to the surface area of drug particles in the UWL. When the particle drifting effect was taken into account, the discrepancy between the theoretical calculation and experimental observations was reduced. It was suggested that when the dose (mg)/particle diameter (microm) ratio exceeds 20, the particle drifting effect would become significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Sugano
- Global Research & Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Research Formulation, Pfizer Inc., CT13 9NJ, Sandwich, Kent, UK.
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26
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Nomeir AA, Morrison R, Prelusky D, Korfmacher W, Broske L, Hesk D, McNamara P, Mei H. Estimation of the extent of oral absorption in animals from oral and intravenous pharmacokinetic data in drug discovery. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:4027-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Wan H, Ulander J. High-throughput pKa screening and prediction amenable for ADME profiling. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2009; 2:139-55. [PMID: 16863474 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2.1.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances have made it possible for several new pK(a) assays to be used in drug screening. In this review, a critical overview is provided of current new methodologies for high-throughput screening and prediction of pK(a). Typical applications of using pK(a )constants and charge state for absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) profiling and quantitative structure-activity relationship modelling complements the methodological comparisons and discussions. The experimental methods discussed include high-throughput screening of pK(a) by multiplexed capillary with ultraviolet absorbance detection on a 96-capillary format instrument, capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (CEMS) based on sample pooling, determination of pK(a) by pH gradient high-performance liquid chromatography, and measurement of pK(a) by a mixed-buffer liner pH gradient system. Comparisons of the different experimental assays are made with emphasis on the newly developed CEMS method. The current status and recent progress in computational approaches to pK(a) prediction are also discussed. In particular, the accuracy limits of simple fragment-based approaches as well as quantum mechanical methods are addressed. Examples of pK(a) prediction from in-house drug candidates as well as commercially available drug molecules are shown and an outline is provided for how drug discovery companies can integrate experiments with computational approaches for increased applications for ADME profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wan
- AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, DMPK & Bioanalytical Chemistry, Mölndal, Sweden.
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28
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Sugano K. Theoretical investigation of passive intestinal membrane permeability using Monte Carlo method to generate drug-like molecule population. Int J Pharm 2009; 373:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Chu KA, Yalkowsky SH. An interesting relationship between drug absorption and melting point. Int J Pharm 2009; 373:24-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Sugano K. Introduction to computational oral absorption simulation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2009; 5:259-93. [DOI: 10.1517/17425250902835506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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31
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Sugano K. Estimation of effective intestinal membrane permeability considering bile micelle solubilisation. Int J Pharm 2009; 368:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Takano R, Furumoto K, Shiraki K, Takata N, Hayashi Y, Aso Y, Yamashita S. Rate-Limiting Steps of Oral Absorption for Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs in Dogs; Prediction from a Miniscale Dissolution Test and a Physiologically-Based Computer Simulation. Pharm Res 2008; 25:2334-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Dressman JB, Thelen K, Jantratid E. Towards Quantitative Prediction of Oral Drug Absorption. Clin Pharmacokinet 2008; 47:655-67. [DOI: 10.2165/00003088-200847100-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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34
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KV S, Devi GS, Mathew ST. Liposomal formulations of serratiopeptidase: in vitro studies using PAMPA and Caco-2 models. Mol Pharm 2007; 5:92-7. [PMID: 18159928 DOI: 10.1021/mp700090r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of using liposomes as a potential oral delivery system for the systemic delivery of other peptides and protein-based pharmaceuticals has been studied. Serratiopeptidase, a proteolytic enzyme, was used as a model drug. Liposomes were prepared by a thin film hydration method using various lipids, namely, soya lecithin, DMPC and DMPE. It was further investigated whether the liposomal formulations of serratiopeptidase altered the permeability/absorption of the drug using PAMPA, a non-cell-based assay, and Caco-2 assay, a cell monolayer system, mimicking in vivo GI epithelium cells. The entrapment efficiency of the formulations was found to be 62%, 84% and 86% for the liposomes of soya lecithin, DMPC and DMPE respectively. The effectiveness of the liposomal formulations against the pure drug in terms of permeability/absorption was compared. The effective permeability (log Pe) values from PAMPA study varied from -7.47 to -6.5 cm/s whereas for the serratiopeptidase it was -7.72 cm/s. The apparent permeability values calculated from Caco-2 assay varied from 1.25 x 10(-6) to 1.61 x 10(-6) cm/s whereas for the serratiopeptidase it was 1.25 x 10(-6) cm/s. The flux was found to be 3.88-4.96 microg/cm (2)/h for the formulations when compared to 3.208 microg/cm(2)/h for serratiopeptidase. The results obtained indicated that in comparison with the pure drug, incorporation of drug into liposomes improved the permeability. Thus it could be concluded that the liposomal formulations would improve the oral absorption of serratiopeptidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya KV
- Department of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management and Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560027, India.
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Avdeef A, Bendels S, Di L, Faller B, Kansy M, Sugano K, Yamauchi Y. PAMPA—critical factors for better predictions of absorption. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:2893-909. [PMID: 17803196 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PAMPA, log P(OCT), and Caco-2 are useful tools in drug discovery for the prediction of oral absorption, brain penetration and for the development of structure-permeability relationships. Each approach has its advantages and limitations. Selection criteria for methods are based on many different factors: predictability, throughput, cost and personal preferences (people factor). The PAMPA concerns raised by Galinis-Luciani et al. (Galinis-Luciani et al., 2007, J Pharm Sci, this issue) are answered by experienced PAMPA practitioners, inventors and developers from diverse research organizations. Guidelines on how to use PAMPA are discussed. PAMPA and PAMPA-BBB have much better predictivity for oral absorption and brain penetration than log P(OCT) for real-world drug discovery compounds. PAMPA and Caco-2 have similar predictivity for passive oral absorption. However, it is not advisable to use PAMPA to predict absorption involving transporter-mediated processes, such as active uptake or efflux. Measurement of PAMPA is much more rapid and cost effective than Caco-2 and log P(OCT). PAMPA assay conditions are critical in order to generate high quality and relevant data, including permeation time, assay pH, stirring, use of cosolvents and selection of detection techniques. The success of using PAMPA in drug discovery depends on careful data interpretation, use of optimal assay conditions, implementation and integration strategies, and education of users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Avdeef
- pION INC, 5 Constitution Way, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801, USA.
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36
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Garmire LX, Garmire DG, Hunt CA. An In Silico Transwell Device for the Study of Drug Transport and Drug–Drug Interactions. Pharm Res 2007; 24:2171-86. [PMID: 17703347 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Validate and exemplify a discrete, componentized, in silico, transwell device (ISTD) capable of mimicking the in vitro passive transport properties of compounds through cell monolayers. Verify its use for studying drug-drug interactions. METHODS We used the synthetic modeling method. Specialized software components represented spatial and functional features including cell components, semi-porous tight junctions, and metabolizing enzymes. Mobile components represented drugs. Experiments were conducted and analyzed as done in vitro. RESULTS Verification experiments provided data analogous to those in the literature. ISTD parameters were tuned to simulate and match in vitro urea transport data; the objects representing tight junction (effective radius of 6.66 A) occupied 0.066% of the surface area. That ISTD was then tuned to simulate pH-dependent, in vitro alfentanil transport properties. The resulting ISTD predicted the passive transport properties of 14 additional compounds, individually and all together in one in silico experiment. The function of a two-site enzymatic component was cross-validated with a kinetic model and then experimentally validated against in vitro benzyloxyresorufin metabolism data. Those components were used to exemplify drug-drug interaction studies. CONCLUSIONS The ISTD is an example of a new class of simulation models capable of realistically representing complex drug transport and drug-drug interaction phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana X Garmire
- Graduate Group in Comparative Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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37
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Willmann S, Edginton AN, Dressman JB. Development and Validation of a Physiology-based Model for the Prediction of Oral Absorption in Monkeys. Pharm Res 2007; 24:1275-82. [PMID: 17373575 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development and validation of a physiology-based absorption model for orally administered drugs in monkeys is described. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physiological parameters affecting intestinal transit and absorption of an orally administered drug in monkeys have been collected from the literature and implemented in a physiological model for passive absorption previously developed for rats and humans. Predicted fractions of dose absorbed have been compared to experimentally observed values for a set of N = 37 chemically diverse drugs. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the influence of various physiological model parameters on the predicted fraction dose absorbed. RESULTS A Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.94 (95% confidence interval: [0.88, 0.97]; p < 0.0001) between the predicted and observed fraction dose absorbed in monkeys was obtained for compounds undergoing non-solubility limited passive absorption (N = 29). The sensitivity analysis revealed that the predictions of fractions dose absorbed in monkeys are very sensitive with respect to inter-individual variations of the small intestinal transit time. CONCLUSIONS The model is well suited to predict the fraction dose absorbed of passively absorbed compounds after oral administration and to assess the influence of inter-individual physiological variability on oral absorption in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Willmann
- Bayer Technology Services GmbH, Process Technology/Systems Biology, Building E41, Leverkusen, Germany.
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38
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Bergström CAS. Computational models to predict aqueous drug solubility, permeability and intestinal absorption. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2006; 1:613-27. [PMID: 16863428 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.1.4.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, poor intestinal absorption of candidate drugs intended for oral administration has been identified as a major bottleneck in drug development. Poor intestinal absorption can often be related to poor aqueous solubility and/or poor permeability across the intestinal wall. Other factors, such as poor stability and the metabolism of the compounds, can also decrease the amount of compound absorbed. In an effort to design compounds with enhanced absorption profile, theoretical predictions of solubility and permeability, among other factors, have gained increased interest, and a large number of papers have been published. In this review, the databases and techniques used for the development of in silico absorption models will be discussed. The focus is on aqueous drug solubility, which has become a major problem in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel A S Bergström
- Uppsala University, Center of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Department of Pharmacy, Biomedical Centre, PO Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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39
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Takano R, Sugano K, Higashida A, Hayashi Y, Machida M, Aso Y, Yamashita S. Oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs: computer simulation of fraction absorbed in humans from a miniscale dissolution test. Pharm Res 2006; 23:1144-56. [PMID: 16715363 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-0162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a new system for computer simulation to predict fraction absorbed (F(a)) of Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II (low solubility-high permeability) drugs after oral administration to humans, from a miniscale dissolution test. METHODS Human oral absorption of 12 lipophilic drugs was simulated theoretically by using the dissolution and permeation parameters of the drugs. A miniscale dissolution test and a solubility study were carried out in a conventional buffer and a biorelevant medium (pH 6.5). A dissolution parameter, which can simulate in vivo dissolution, was obtained from the in vitro dissolution curve. Human intestinal permeability was estimated assuming that the permeation was limited by diffusion through the unstirred water layer. The F(a) in humans was predicted and then compared with clinical data. RESULTS The dissolution and solubility of most model drugs were faster and higher in a biorelevant medium than in a conventional buffer. The simulated absorption was limited by the drug dissolution rate and/or solubility. Predicted F(a) was significantly correlated with clinical data (correlation coefficient r2 = 0.82, p < 0.001) when the dissolution profiles in biorelevant medium were used for the simulation. CONCLUSIONS This new system quantitatively simulated human absorption and would be beneficial for the prediction of human F(a) values for BCS class II drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Takano
- Pre-clinical Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan.
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40
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Johnson SR, Zheng W. Recent progress in the computational prediction of aqueous solubility and absorption. AAPS JOURNAL 2006; 8:E27-40. [PMID: 16584131 PMCID: PMC2751421 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj080104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The computational prediction of aqueous solubility and/or human absorption has been the goal of many researchers in recent years. Such an in silico counterpart to the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) would have great utility. This review focuses on recent developments in the computational prediction of aqueous solubility, P-glycoprotein transport, and passive absorption. We find that, while great progress has been achieved, models that can reliably affect chemistry and development are still lacking. We briefly discuss aspects of emerging scientific understanding that may lead to breakthroughs in the computational modeling of these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Johnson
- />Computer-Assisted Drug Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, PO Box 4000, 08543 Princeton, NJ
| | - Weifan Zheng
- />Division of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Thomae AV, Wunderli-Allenspach H, Krämer SD. Permeation of aromatic carboxylic acids across lipid bilayers: the pH-partition hypothesis revisited. Biophys J 2005; 89:1802-11. [PMID: 15951388 PMCID: PMC1366683 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.060871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the pH-partition hypothesis the charged species of organic compounds do not contribute to lipid bilayer permeation as they generally show negligible partitioning into n-octanol. With this assumption, membrane permeation is related to the molar fraction of the neutral species at a particular pH. A recently developed permeation assay permits us to directly determine pH-dependent permeation of aromatic carboxylic acids. Tb(3+)-loaded liposomes are incubated with aromatic carboxylic acids and upon excitation at the absorption wavelength of the acid, permeation kinetics can be measured as an increase in Tb(3+) luminescence. The anions of the tested acids permeated egg phosphatidylcholine membranes only 12 (2-hydroxynicotinic acid), 66 (salicylic acid), and 155 (dipicolinic acid) times slower than the net neutral species. The anions, therefore, controlled the total permeation already at 1-2 pH units above their pK(a). These results indicate that in contrast to the expectations of the pH-partition hypothesis, lipid bilayer permeation of an acidic compound can be completely controlled by the anion at physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita V Thomae
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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