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Patel H, Raje V, Maczko P, Patel K. Application of 3D printing technology for the development of dose adjustable geriatric and pediatric formulation of celecoxib. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:123941. [PMID: 38403087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Developing safe and effective formulations for the geriatric and pediatric population is a challenging task due to issues of swallowability and palatability. The lack of standardized procedures for pediatric formulations further complicates the process. Manipulating adult formulations for children can lead to suboptimal efficacy and safety concerns. To overcome these challenges, minitablets or spinklets are preferred for the geriatric and pediatric population due to their smaller size and flexible dose adjustment. The aim of this study is the development of a 3D printed spinklets formulation of celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, using hot melt extrusion to address the limitations of traditional manufacturing methods. Three different formulations of celecoxib were prepared using Poly-2-ethyl-tetra-oxazoline (Aquazol) with and without surfactant. Subsequently, the mechanical properties and solubility of the drug-loaded filaments were evaluated. Solid state characterization confirmed the drug conversion into an amorphous form during the extrusion process, Computer-aided design software facilitate sprinklets design for fused deposition modeling and scanning electron microscopy assess the surface morphology. Sophorolipids plasticize better than TPGS, resulting in lowering processing temperatures during melt extrusion. In vitro drug release showed successful enhancements in the dissolution of oral medications for pediatric patients, considering their distinctive physiological characteristics. Overall, this study demonstrates the successful development of PEtOx-based 3D printed celecoxib sprinklets by coupling hot-melt extrusion and 3D printing technology. Future exploration holds the potential to revolutionize pharmaceutical production and advance personalized medication formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henis Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY 11432, United States
| | - Vishvesh Raje
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY 11432, United States
| | - Paulina Maczko
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY 11432, United States
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY 11432, United States.
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2
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Porat D, Dukhno O, Partook-Maccabi M, Vainer E, Cvijić S, Dahan A. Selective COX-2 inhibitors after bariatric surgery: Celecoxib, etoricoxib and etodolac post-bariatric solubility/dissolution and pharmacokinetics. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123347. [PMID: 37633536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Anatomical/physiological gastrointestinal changes after bariatric surgery may influence the fate of orally administered drugs.Since non-selective NSAIDs are not well-tolerated post-surgery, selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors may be important for these patients. In this work we investigated celecoxib, etoricoxib and etodolac, for impaired post-bariatric solubility/dissolution and absorption. Solubility was studied in-vitro, and ex-vivoin aspirated gastric contents from patients pre- vs. post-surgery. Dissolution was studied in conditions simulating pre- vs. post-surgery stomach. Finally, the experimental solubility data were used in physiologically-based biopharmaceutics model (PBBM) (GastroPlus®) to simulate pre- vs. post-surgery celecoxib/etoricoxib/etodolac pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles.For etoricoxib and etodolac (but not celecoxib), pH-dependent solubility was demonstrated: etoricoxib solubility decreased ∼1000-fold, and etodolac solubility increased 120-fold, as pH increased from 1 to 7, which was also confirmed ex-vivo. Hampered etoricoxib dissolution and improved etodolac dissolution post-surgery was revealed. Tablet crushing, clinically recommended after surgery, failed to improve post-bariatric dissolution. PBBM simulations revealed significantly impaired etoricoxib absorption post-surgery across all conditions; for instance, 79% lower Cmax and 53% decreased AUC was simulated post-gastric bypass procedure, after single 120 mg dose. Celecoxib and etodolac maintained unaffected absorption after bariatric surgery.This mechanistically-based analysis suggests to prefer the acidic drug etodolac or the neutral celecoxib as selective COX-2 inhibitors, over the basic drug etoricoxib, after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Porat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Oleg Dukhno
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 8410101, Israel
| | - Mazal Partook-Maccabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ella Vainer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sandra Cvijić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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3
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Brandt F, Ullrich M, Seifert V, Haase-Kohn C, Richter S, Kniess T, Pietzsch J, Laube M. Exploring Nitric Oxide (NO)-Releasing Celecoxib Derivatives as Modulators of Radioresponse in Pheochromocytoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196587. [PMID: 36235124 PMCID: PMC9573605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
COX-2 can be considered as a clinically relevant molecular target for adjuvant, in particular radiosensitizing treatments. In this regard, using selective COX-2 inhibitors, e.g., in combination with radiotherapy or endoradiotherapy, represents an interesting treatment option. Based on our own findings that nitric oxide (NO)-releasing and celecoxib-derived COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) showed promising radiosensitizing effects in vitro, we herein present the development of a series of eight novel NO-COXIBs differing in the peripheral substitution pattern and their chemical and in vitro characterization. COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition potency was found to be comparable to the lead NO-COXIBs, and NO-releasing properties were demonstrated to be mainly influenced by the substituent in 4-position of the pyrazole (Cl vs. H). Introduction of the N-propionamide at the sulfamoyl residue as a potential prodrug strategy lowered lipophilicity markedly and abolished COX inhibition while NO-releasing properties were not markedly influenced. NO-COXIBs were tested in vitro for a combination with single-dose external X-ray irradiation as well as [177Lu]LuCl3 treatment in HIF2α-positive mouse pheochromocytoma (MPC-HIF2a) tumor spheroids. When applied directly before X-ray irradiation or 177Lu treatment, NO-COXIBs showed radioprotective effects, as did celecoxib, which was used as a control. Radiosensitizing effects were observed when applied shortly after X-ray irradiation. Overall, the NO-COXIBs were found to be more radioprotective compared with celecoxib, which does not warrant further preclinical studies with the NO-COXIBs for the treatment of pheochromocytoma. However, evaluation as radioprotective agents for healthy tissues could be considered for the NO-COXIBs developed here, especially when used directly before irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brandt
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Verena Seifert
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cathleen Haase-Kohn
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Richter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (M.L.)
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4
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Khafaga AF, Shamma RN, Abdeen A, Barakat AM, Noreldin AE, Elzoghby AO, Sallam MA. Celecoxib repurposing in cancer therapy: molecular mechanisms and nanomedicine-based delivery technologies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1691-1712. [PMID: 34264123 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While cancer remains a significant global health problem, advances in cancer biology, deep understanding of its underlaying mechanism and identification of specific molecular targets allowed the development of new therapeutic options. Drug repurposing poses several advantages as reduced cost and better safety compared with new compounds development. COX-2 inhibitors are one of the most promising drug classes for repurposing in cancer therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the detailed mechanism and rationale of COX-2 inhibitors as anticancer agents and we highlight the most promising research efforts on nanotechnological approaches to enhance COX-2 inhibitors delivery with special focus on celecoxib as the most widely studied agent for chemoprevention or combined with chemotherapeutic and herbal drugs for combating various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Rehab N Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology & Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.,Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Sallam
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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5
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Kausar N, Ullah S, Khan MA, Zafar H, Atia-Tul-Wahab, Choudhary MI, Yousuf S. Celebrex derivatives: Synthesis, α-glucosidase inhibition, crystal structures and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104499. [PMID: 33288319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Celebrex (1), commonly used as an anti-inflammatory drug, was functionalized (compounds 2-9) to identify new α-glucosidase inhibitors. Initially, all the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity but none was found to be active. Subsequently a random biological screening was carried out. Interestingly many of them were found to be potent α-glucosidase inhibitors in vitro. All the structures of synthesized derivatives were deduced through 1H NMR, FAB-MS, HR-MS, FT-IR analysis. The single-crystal X-ray structures of compounds 1, and 5 further confirmed the assigned structures. Compounds exhibited a potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 92.32 ± 1.530-445.20 ± 1.04 µM) against tested standard acarbose (IC50 = 875.75 ± 2.08 µM), except compounds 2 and 4, which appeared as inactive. Among them, compound 9 (IC50 = 92.32 ± 1.530 µM) was the most potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase enzyme. Molecular docking studies revealed that compounds 6, and 9 interacted with the key amino acid residues of α-glucosidase via H-bonding, and π-π stacking interactions. α-Glucosidase is a key target for the anti-diabetic drug development, and its inhibitors are known to exert anti hyperglycemic effect and help in lowering of post-prandial blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela Kausar
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Maria Aqeel Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Humaira Zafar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Atia-Tul-Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21412, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Campus C, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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6
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Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of celecoxib eutectic mixtures with adipic acid/saccharin for improvement of wettability and dissolution rate. Int J Pharm 2019; 554:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Almutairi MS, Hegazy GH, Haiba ME, Ali HI, Khalifa NM, Soliman AEMM. Synthesis, docking and biological activities of novel hybrids celecoxib and anthraquinone analogs as potent cytotoxic agents. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22580-603. [PMID: 25490139 PMCID: PMC4284725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, novel hybrid compounds of celecoxib and 2-aminoanthraquinone derivatives have been synthesized using condensation reactions of celecoxib with 2-aminoanthraquinone derivatives or 2-aminoanthraquinon with celecoxib derivatives. Celecoxib was reacted with different acid chlorides, 2-chloroethylisocyanate and bis (2-chloroethyl) amine hydrochloride. These intermediates were then reacted with 2-aminoanthraquinone. Also the same different acid chlorides and 2-chloroethylisocyanate were reacted with 2-aminoanthraquinone and the resulting intermediates were reacted with celecoxib to give isomers for the previous compounds. The antitumor activities against hepatic carcinoma tumor cell line (HEPG2) have been investigated in vitro, and all these compounds showed promising activities, especially compound 3c, 7, and 12. Flexible docking studies involving AutoDock 4.2 was investigated to identify the potential binding affinities and the mode of interaction of the hybrid compounds into two protein tyrosine kinases namely, SRC (Pp60v-src) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, PDGFR (c-Kit). The compounds in this study have a preferential affinity for the c-Kit PDGFR PTK over the non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC (Pp60v-src).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha S Almutairi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gehan H Hegazy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mogedda E Haiba
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamed I Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
| | - Nagy M Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abd El-mohsen M Soliman
- Department of Therapeutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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8
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Qandil AM. Prodrugs of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), more than meets the eye: a critical review. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:17244-74. [PMID: 23247285 PMCID: PMC3546748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131217244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and the synthesis of prodrugs for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been given much attention by medicinal chemists, especially in the last decade. As a therapeutic group, NSAIDs are among the most widely used prescribed and over the counter (OTC) medications. The rich literature about potential NSAID prodrugs clearly shows a shift from alkyl, aryalkyl or aryl esters with the sole role of masking the carboxylic acid group, to more elaborate conjugates that contain carefully chosen groups to serve specific purposes, such as enhancement of water solubility and dissolution, nitric oxide release, hydrogen sulfide release, antioxidant activity, anticholinergic and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI) activity and site-specific targeting and delivery. This review will focus on NSAID prodrugs that have been designed or were, later, found to possess intrinsic pharmacological activity as an intact chemical entity. Such intrinsic activity might augment the anti-inflammatory activity of the NSAID, reduce its side effects or transform the potential therapeutic use from classical anti-inflammatory action to something else. Reports discussed in this review will be those of NO-NSAIDs, anticholinergic and AChEI-NSAIDs, Phospho-NSAIDs and some miscellaneous agents. In most cases, this review will cover literature dealing with these NSAID prodrugs from the year 2006 and later. Older literature will be used when necessary, e.g., to explain the chemical and biological mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad M Qandil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Li Y, Yang L, Chen L, Zhu C, Huang R, Zheng X, Qiu Y, Fu J. Design and synthesis of potent N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitor as anti-inflammatory compounds. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43023. [PMID: 22916199 PMCID: PMC3423427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) is a lysosomal enzyme involved in biological deactivation of N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects through the activation of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α). To develop selective and potent NAAA inhibitors, we designed and synthesized a series of derivatives of 1-pentadecanyl-carbonyl pyrrolidine (compound 1), a general amidase inhibitor. Structure activity relationship (SAR) studies have identified a compound 16, 1-(2-Biphenyl-4-yl)ethyl-carbonyl pyrrolidine, which has shown the highest inhibition on NAAA activity (IC50 = 2.12±0.41 µM) and is characterized as a reversible and competitive NAAA inhibitor. Computational docking analysis and mutagenesis study revealed that compound 16 interacted with Asparagine 209 (Asn209) residue flanking the catalytic pocket of NAAA so as to block the substrate entrance. In vitro pharmacological studies demonstrated that compound 16 dose-dependently reduced mRNA expression levels of iNOS and IL-6, along with an increase of intracellular PEA levels, in mouse macrophages with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced inflammation. Our study discovered a novel NAAA inhibitor, compound 16, that could serve as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Li
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Chemistry and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Longhe Yang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Chemistry and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chenggang Zhu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (JF); (YQ)
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
- * E-mail: (JF); (YQ)
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10
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Malik P, Kadam RS, Cheruvu NP, Kompella UB. Hydrophilic prodrug approach for reduced pigment binding and enhanced transscleral retinal delivery of celecoxib. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:605-14. [PMID: 22256989 PMCID: PMC3311925 DOI: 10.1021/mp2005164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transscleral retinal delivery of celecoxib, an anti-inflammatory and anti-VEGF agent, is restricted by its poor solubility and binding to the melanin pigment in choroid-RPE. The purpose of this study was to develop soluble prodrugs of celecoxib with reduced pigment binding and enhanced retinal delivery. Three hydrophilic amide prodrugs of celecoxib, celecoxib succinamidic acid (CSA), celecoxib maleamidic acid (CMA), and celecoxib acetamide (CAA) were synthesized and characterized for solubility and lipophilicity. In vitro melanin binding to natural melanin (Sepia officinalis) was estimated for all three prodrugs. In vitro transport studies across isolated bovine sclera and sclera-choroid-RPE (SCRPE) were performed. Prodrug with the highest permeability across SCRPE was characterized for metabolism and cytotoxicity and its in vivo transscleral delivery in pigmented rats. Aqueous solubilities of CSA, CMA, and CAA were 300-, 182-, and 76-fold higher, respectively, than celecoxib. Melanin binding affinity and capacity were significantly lower than for celecoxib for all three prodrugs. Rank order for the % in vitro transport across bovine sclera and SCRPE was CSA > CMA ~ CAA ~ celecoxib, with the transport being 8-fold higher for CSA than celecoxib. CSA was further assessed for its metabolic stability and in vivo delivery. CSA showed optimum metabolic stability in all eye tissues with only 10-20% conversion to parent celecoxib in 30 min. Metabolic enzymes responsible for bioconversion included amidases, esterase, and cytochrome P-450. In vivo delivery in pigmented BN rats showed that CSA had 4.7-, 1.4-, 3.3-, 6.0-, and 4.5-fold higher delivery to sclera, choroid-RPE, retina, vitreous, and lens than celecoxib. CSA has no cytotoxicity in ARPE-19 cells in the concentration range of 0.1 to 1000 μM. Celecoxib succinamidic acid, a soluble prodrug of celecoxib with reduced melanin binding, enhances transscleral retinal delivery of celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Malik
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Rajendra S. Kadam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Narayan P.S. Cheruvu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Uday B. Kompella
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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