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Stella J, Abdelaal MAME, Kamal MAM, Shehu K, Alhayek A, Haupenthal J, Hirsch AK, Schneider M. Spray drying of a zinc complexing agent for inhalation therapy of pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 202:106891. [PMID: 39233259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis, a disabling lung disease, results from the fibrotic transformation of lung tissue. This fibrotic transformation leads to a deterioration of lung capacity, resulting in significant respiratory distress and a reduction in overall quality of life. Currently, the frontline treatment of pulmonary fibrosis remains limited, focusing primarily on symptom relief and slowing disease progression. Bacterial infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are contributing to a severe progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Phytic acid, a natural chelator of zinc, which is essential for the activation of metalloproteinase enzymes involved in pulmonary fibrosis, shows potential inhibition of LasB, a virulence factor in P. aeruginosa, and mammalian metalloproteases (MMPs). In addition, phytic acid has anti-inflammatory properties believed to result from its ability to capture free radicals, inhibit certain inflammatory enzymes and proteins, and reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines, key signaling molecules that promote inflammation. To achieve higher local concentrations in the deep lung, phytic acid was spray dried into an inhalable powder. Challenges due to its hygroscopic and low melting (25 °C) nature were mitigated by converting it to sodium phytate to improve crystallinity and powder characteristics. The addition of leucine improved aerodynamic properties and reduced agglomeration, while mannitol served as carrier matrix. Size variation was achieved by modifying process parameters and were evaluated by tools such as the Next Generation Impactor (NGI), light diffraction methods, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An inhibition assay for human MMP-1 (collagenase-1) and MMP-2 (gelatinase A) allowed estimation of the biological effect on tissue remodeling enzymes. The activity was also assessed with respect to inhibition of bacterial LasB. The formulated phytic acid demonstrated an IC50 of 109.7 µg/mL for LasB with viabilities > 80 % up to 188 µg/mL on A549 cells. Therefore, inhalation therapy with phytic acid-based powder shows promise as a treatment for early-stage Pseudomonas-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Stella
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | | | - Mohamed Ashraf Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Kristela Shehu
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Alaa Alhayek
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Anna K Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany.
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Martins Fraga R, Beretta M, Pinto JF, Spoerk M, Zupančič O, Pinto JT, Paudel A. Effect of processing and formulation factors on Catalase activity in tablets. Int J Pharm 2024; 664:124626. [PMID: 39208952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The manufacturing of tablets containing biologics exposes the biologics to thermal and shear stresses, which are likely to induce structural changes (e.g., aggregation and denaturation), leading to the loss of their activity. Saccharides often act as stabilizers of proteins in formulations, yet their stabilizing ability throughout solid oral dosage processing, such as tableting, has been barely studied. This work aimed to investigate the effects of formulation and process (tableting and spray-drying) variables on catalase tablets containing dextran, mannitol, and trehalose as potential stabilizers. Non-spray-dried and spray-dried formulations were prepared and tableted (100, 200, and 400 MPa). The enzymatic activity, number of aggregates, reflecting protein aggregation and structure modifications were studied. A principal component analysis was performed to reveal underlying correlations. It was found that tableting and spray-drying had a notable negative effect on the activity and number of aggregates formed in catalase formulations. Overall, dextran and mannitol failed to preserve the catalase activity in any unit operation studied. On the other hand, trehalose was found to preserve the activity during spray-drying but not necessarily during tableting. The study demonstrated that formulation and process variables must be considered and optimized together to preserve the characteristics of catalase throughout processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben Martins Fraga
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michela Beretta
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - João F Pinto
- iMed.UL - Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Martin Spoerk
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ožbej Zupančič
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Joana T Pinto
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Kim HJ, Jeon A, Kang EK, An W, Lim SJ, Shin KC, Shin DH, Hwang I, Kang JS. Development of a Short-Term Embolic Agent Based on Cilastatin for Articular Microvessels. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1538. [PMID: 39336578 PMCID: PMC11434490 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60091538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to develop an embolic agent with short-term embolic effects using cilastatin as the basic material. Materials and Methods: The particle size distribution of 25 mg cilastatin-based short-term embolic agents was evaluated microscopically under three different mixing conditions. A total of thirty-six healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Each group of six rats was injected once into the tail artery with 0.4 mL each of (A) Cilastatin + D-Mannitol Mixture, (B) Iohexol, (C) Prepenem, and (D) embolization promoter (EGgel). Results: A visual inspection of the tail appearance of rats in each group was performed at 0, 3, 7, 15, and 21 days. At weeks 1 and 3, three rats per group were euthanized, and histopathological analyses were performed on the specimens obtained from each group. No significant differences were observed on day 7, but mild inflammation was observed in Group (D) on day 15. Histopathological inflammation scoring of tail central artery embolization was performed using a six-point scale (from 0 = absent to 5 = marked inflammation). Three groups were formed consisting of six male New Zealand white rabbits each: control, positive control, and test groups. The control group received an Iohexol injection (rabbits: 0.8 mL). The positive control and experimental groups were injected with prepenem and cilastatin/D-mannitol compound, respectively (0.8 mL), and vascular angiography was performed. The order of occlusion progression after embolization was as follows: test group, positive control group, and control group. Conclusions: We developed a cilastatin/D-mannitol compound that exhibits characteristics of short-term embolization by utilizing the pharmacokinetic properties of cilastatin and the crystalline material D-mannitol. We evaluated its particle size distribution microscopically, conducted histopathological evaluation including inflammation via animal experiments, and assessed the embolization effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Chul Shin
- Cheil Orthopedic Hospital, 726 Yeongdong-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06075, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Shin
- S&J Core Inc., 9 Yeongdong-daero 106-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06170, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Seop Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
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Tai W, Arnold JC, Chan HK, Kwok PCL. Spray freeze dried cannabidiol with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) for inhalation and solubility enhancement. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124235. [PMID: 38762165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery is an efficient route of administration to deliver cannabidiol (CBD) due to the high bioavailability and fast onset of action. The major formulation challenge is the poor aqueous solubility of CBD. This study aimed to produce inhalable CBD powders with enhanced solubility and characterise their solid-state properties. CBD was spray freeze dried with mannitol or trehalose dihydrate with and without dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). All four powders had acceptable yields at > 70 % with porous and spherical particles. The two crystalline mannitol powders contained less residual solvent than both amorphous trehalose ones. The addition of DPPC did not affect the crystallinity and residual solvent level of the powders. Instead, DPPC made the particles more porous, decreased the particle size from 19-23 µm to 11-13 µm, and increased CBD solubility from 0.36 µg/mL to over 2 µg/mL. The two DPPC powders were dispersed from a low resistance RS01 inhaler, showing acceptable aerosol performance with emitted fractions at 91-93 % and fine particle fractions < 5 µm at 34-43 %. These formulations can be used as a platform to deliver CBD and other cannabinoids by inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waiting Tai
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathon Carl Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Jeong JH, Kim JS, Choi YR, Shin DH, Kang JH, Kim DW, Park YS, Park CW. Preparation and Evaluation of Inhalable Microparticles with Improved Aerodynamic Performance and Dispersibility Using L-Leucine and Hot-Melt Extrusion. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:784. [PMID: 38931905 PMCID: PMC11206964 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry-powder inhalers (DPIs) are valued for their stability but formulating them is challenging due to powder aggregation and limited flowability, which affects drug delivery and uniformity. In this study, the incorporation of L-leucine (LEU) into hot-melt extrusion (HME) was proposed to enhance dispersibility while simultaneously maintaining the high aerodynamic performance of inhalable microparticles. This study explored using LEU in HME to improve dispersibility and maintain the high aerodynamic performance of inhalable microparticles. Formulations with crystalline itraconazole (ITZ) and LEU were made via co-jet milling and HME followed by jet milling. The LEU ratio varied, comparing solubility, homogenization, and aerodynamic performance enhancements. In HME, ITZ solubility increased, and crystallinity decreased. Higher LEU ratios in HME formulations reduced the contact angle, enhancing mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) size and aerodynamic performance synergistically. Achieving a maximum extra fine particle fraction of 33.68 ± 1.31% enabled stable deep lung delivery. This study shows that HME combined with LEU effectively produces inhalable particles, which is promising for improved drug dispersion and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyuk Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.J.); (J.-S.K.); (Y.-R.C.); (D.H.S.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.J.); (J.-S.K.); (Y.-R.C.); (D.H.S.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Yu-Rim Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.J.); (J.-S.K.); (Y.-R.C.); (D.H.S.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Dae Hwan Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.J.); (J.-S.K.); (Y.-R.C.); (D.H.S.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Ji-Hyun Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.J.); (J.-S.K.); (Y.-R.C.); (D.H.S.); (J.-H.K.)
- Institute of New Drug Development and Respiratory Drug Development Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yun-Sang Park
- Research & Development Center, P2K Bio, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chun-Woong Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.J.); (J.-S.K.); (Y.-R.C.); (D.H.S.); (J.-H.K.)
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6
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Madi C, Hsein H, Busignies V, Tchoreloff P, Mazel V. Tableting behavior of freeze and spray-dried excipients in pharmaceutical formulations. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124059. [PMID: 38552753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Most of biopharmaceuticals, in their liquid form, are prone to instabilities during storage. In order to improve their stability, lyophilization is the most commonly used drying technique in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, certain applications of biopharmaceutical products can be considered by oral administration and tablets are the most frequent solid pharmaceutical dosage form used for oral route. Thus, the tableting properties of freeze-dried products used as cryo and lyoprotectant could be a key element for future pharmaceutical developments and applications. In this study, we investigated the properties that might play a particular role in the specific compaction behavior of freeze-dried excipients. The tableting properties of freeze-dried trehalose, lactose and mannitol were investigated and compared to other forms of these excipients (spray-dried, commercial crystalline and commercial crystalline milled powders). The obtained results showed a specific behavior in terms of compressibility, tabletability and brittleness for the amorphous powders obtained after freeze-drying. The comparison with the other powders showed that this specific tableting behavior is linked to both the specific texture and the physical state (amorphization) of these freeze-dried powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Madi
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400, Talence, France; Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Hesam Universite, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Hassana Hsein
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400, Talence, France; Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Hesam Universite, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Virginie Busignies
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400, Talence, France; Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Hesam Universite, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Pierre Tchoreloff
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400, Talence, France; Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Hesam Universite, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Vincent Mazel
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400, Talence, France; Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Hesam Universite, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
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Hokkala E, Strachan CJ, Agopov M, Järvinen E, Semjonov K, Heinämäki J, Yliruusi J, Svanbäck S. Thermodynamic solubility measurement without chemical analysis. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123890. [PMID: 38346601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the optical imaging based single particle analysis (SPA) and the gold standard shake-flask (SF) solubility methods are compared. We show that to analyze pharmaceutical compounds spanning 7 log units in solubility and a diverse chemical space with limited resources, several analytical techniques are required (HPLC-UV, LC-MS, refractometry and UV-Vis spectrometry), whereas solely the SPA method is able to analyze all the same compounds. SPA experiments take only minutes, while for SF, it may take days to reach thermodynamic equilibration. This decreases the time span needed for the solubility experiment from initial preparations to obtaining the result from roughly three days to less than three hours. The optimal particle size for SPA ranges from approximately one to hundreds of microns. Challenges include measuring large particles, very fast dissolving compounds and handling small sample sizes. Inherent exclusion of density from the SPA measurement is a potential source of error for compounds with very low or high density values. The average relative difference of 37 % between the two methods is very good in the realm of solubility, where 400 % interlaboratory reproducibility can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hokkala
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Clare J Strachan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Agopov
- The Solubility Company, Viikinkaari 4 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkka Järvinen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Semjonov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jouko Yliruusi
- The Solubility Company, Viikinkaari 4 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Svanbäck
- The Solubility Company, Viikinkaari 4 00790, Helsinki, Finland
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Sygusch J, Duempelmann R, Meyer R, Adamska K, Strzemiecka B, Enke D, Rudolph M, Brendlé E. Reproducibility of inverse gas chromatography under infinite dilution: Results and interpretations of an interlaboratory study. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1714:464526. [PMID: 38071876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Over the last years, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) proved to be a versatile and sensitive analytical technique for physicochemical properties. However, the comparability of results obtained by different users and devices remains a topic for debate. This is the first time, an interlaboratory study using different types of IGC instruments is reported. Eight organizations with different IGC devices defined a common lab measurement protocol to analyse two standard materials, silica and lactose. All data was collected in a standard result form and has been treated identically with the objective to identify experimentally observed differences and not potentially different data treatments. The calculated values of the dispersive surface energy vary quite significantly (silica: 22 mJ/m2 - 34 mJ/m2, lactose 37 mJ/m2 - 51 mJ/m2) and so do the ISP values and retention volumes for both materials. This points towards significant and seemingly undiscovered differences in the operation of the instruments and the obtained underlying primary data, even under the premise of standard conditions. Variations are independent of the instrument type and uncertainties in flow rates or the injected quantities of probe molecules may be potential factors for the differences. This interlaboratory study demonstrates that the IGC is a very sensitive analytical tool, which detects minor changes, but it also shows that for a proper comparison, the measurement conditions have to be checked with great care. A publicly available standard protocol and material, for which this study can be seen as a starting point, is still needed to judge on the measurements and the resulting parameters more objectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sygusch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Chemnitzer Straße 40, Freiberg 09599, Germany.
| | | | - Ralf Meyer
- Leipzig University, Institute of Chemical Technology, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Adamska
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Strzemiecka
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dirk Enke
- Leipzig University, Institute of Chemical Technology, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Rudolph
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Chemnitzer Straße 40, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Eric Brendlé
- Adscientis SARL, Parc Secoia, 1 rue Alfred Kastler, 68310 Wittelsheim, France
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Alhajj N, Yahya MFZR, O'Reilly NJ, Cathcart H. Development and characterization of a spray-dried inhalable ternary combination for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106654. [PMID: 38013123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited lung disease characterised by the accumulation of thick layers of dried mucus in the lungs which serve as a nidus for chronic infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant cause of chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis. The dense mucus coupled with biofilm formation hinder antibiotic penetration and prevent them from reaching their target. Mucoactive agents are recommended in the treatment of CF in combination with antibiotics. In spite of the extensive research in developing novel drug combinations for the treatment of lung infection in CF, to our knowledge, there is no study that combines antibiotic, antibiofilm and mucoactive agent in a single inhaled dry powder formulation. In the present study, we investigate the possibility of adding a mucoactive agent to our previously developed ciprofloxacinquercetin (antibiotic-antibiofilm) dry powder for inhalation. Three mucoactive agents, namely mannitol (MAN), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB), were investigated for this purpose. The ternary combinations were prepared via spray drying without the addition of excipients. All ternary combinations conserved or improved the antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activities of ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa (ATCC 10145). The addition of AMB resulted in an amorphous ternary combination (SD-CQA) with superior physical stability as indicated by DSC and nonambient XRPD. Furthermore, SD-CQA displayed better in vitro aerosolization performance (ED ∼ 71 %; FPF ∼ 49 %) compared to formulations containing MAN and NAC (ED ∼ 64 % and 44 %; FPF ∼ 44 % and 29 %, respectively). In conclusion, a ternary drug combination powder with suitable aerosolization, physical stability and antibacterial/antibiofilm properties was prepared by a single spray drying step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Alhajj
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), South East Technological University (SETU), Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland.
| | | | - Niall J O'Reilly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), South East Technological University (SETU), Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland; SSPC - The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Helen Cathcart
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), South East Technological University (SETU), Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland
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Liu J, Klinzing GR, Nie H. Effect of Material Properties and Variability of Mannitol on Tablet Formulation Development. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2071-2085. [PMID: 37552385 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using a high level of mannitol as a diluent in oral formulations can potentially result in tablet defects (e.g., chipping, cracking) during compression. This work aims to scrutinize the linkage between the mechanical properties and material attributes of mannitol and also uncover how variations between vendors and lots can lead to significant changes in the compaction performance of tablet formulations containing mannitol. METHODS The mechanical properties (Poisson's ratio, fracture energy) and mechanical performance (ejection force, pressure transmission ratio, residual radial die-wall stress, and tensile strength) of mannitol compacts were assessed on a compaction simulator for four lots of mannitol from two different vendors. The variation of material attributes of each lot, including particle size distribution (PSD), crystal form, primary crystal size and morphology, specific surface area (SSA), powder flow, and moisture absorption were investigated. RESULTS The variability of material attributes in mannitol lots, especially primary crystal size and SSA, can result in significant changes in mechanical properties and mechanical performance such as ejection force and residual radial die-wall stresses, which potentially led to chipping during compression. CONCLUSION The study elucidated the linkage between fundamental material attributes and mechanical properties of mannitol, highlighting their impact on tablet defects and compaction performance in compression. A comprehensive understanding of the variability in mannitol properties between vendors and lots is crucial for successful formulation development, particularly when high percentages of mannitol are included as a brittle excipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Liu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Gerard R Klinzing
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Haichen Nie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
- Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA, 19486, USA.
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11
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Zellnitz-Neugebauer S, Lanzinger M, Schroettner H, Naderi M, Guo M, Paudel A, Gruber-Woelfler H, Neugebauer P. Temperature cycling-induced formation of crystalline coatings. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122577. [PMID: 36596318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The surface of particles is the hotspot of interaction with their environment and is therefore a major target for particle engineering. Particles with tailored coatings are greatly desired for a range of different applications. Amorphous coatings applied via film coating or microencapsulation have frequently been described in the pharmaceutical context and usually result in homogeneous surfaces. In the present study we have been exploring the feasibility of coating core particles with crystalline substances, a matter that has rarely been investigated. The expansion of the range of possible coating materials to include small organic molecules enables completely new product properties to be achieved. We present an approach based on temperature cycles performed in a tubular crystallizer to result in engineered crystalline coatings on excipient core particles. By manipulating the process settings and by the choice of coating substance we are able to tailor surface roughness, topography as well as surface chemistry. Benefits of our approach are demonstrated by using resulting particles as carriers in dry-powder-inhaler formulations. Depending on the resulting surface chemistry and surface roughness, coated carrier particles show varying fitness for delivering the model API salbutamol sulphate to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Lanzinger
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Hartmuth Schroettner
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria; Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Majid Naderi
- Surface Measurement Systems Ltd., London HA0 4PE, United Kingdom
| | - Meishan Guo
- Surface Measurement Systems Ltd., London HA0 4PE, United Kingdom
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz 8010, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz 8010, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Peter Neugebauer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz 8010, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria.
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12
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Xu H, Moon C, Sahakijpijarn S, Dao HM, Alzhrani RF, Wang JL, Williams RO, Cui Z. Aerosolizable Plasmid DNA Dry Powders Engineered by Thin-film Freezing. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1141-1152. [PMID: 36703028 PMCID: PMC9879621 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to test the feasibility of using thin-film freezing (TFF) to prepare aerosolizable dry powders of plasmid DNA (pDNA) for pulmonary delivery. METHODS Dry powders of pDNA formulated with mannitol/leucine (70/30, w/w) with various drug loadings, solid contents, and solvents were prepared using TFF, their aerosol properties (i.e., mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and fine particle fraction (FPF)) were determined, and selected powders were used for further characterization. RESULTS Of the nine dry powders prepared, their MMAD values were about 1-2 µm, with FPF values (delivered) of 40-80%. The aerosol properties of the powders were inversely correlated with the pDNA loading and the solid content in the pDNA solution before TFF. Powders prepared with Tris-EDTA buffer or cosolvents (i.e., 1,4-dioxane or tert-butanol in water), instead of water, showed slightly reduced aerosol properties. Ultimately, powders prepared with pDNA loading at 5% (w/w), 0.25% of solid content, with or without Tris-EDTA were selected for further characterization due to their overall good aerosol performance. The pDNA powders exhibited a porous matrix structure, with a moisture content of < 2% (w/w). Agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the chemical integrity of the pDNA after it was subjected to TFF and after the TFF powder was actuated. A cell transfection study confirmed that the activity of the pDNA did not change after it was subjected to TFF. CONCLUSION It is feasible to use TFF to produce aerosolizable pDNA dry powder for pulmonary delivery, while preserving the integrity and activity of the pDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Chaeho Moon
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - Huy M. Dao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Riyad F. Alzhrani
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jie-liang Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Robert O. Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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13
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Cares-Pacheco MG, Falk V. A phenomenological law for complex granular materials from Mohr-Coulomb theory. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Paredes da Rocha N, de Souza A, Nishitani Yukuyama M, Lopes Barreto T, de O Macedo L, Löbenberg R, Lima Barros de Araújo G, Ishida K, Araci Bou-Chacra N. Highly water-soluble dapsone nanocrystals: Towards innovative preparations for an undermined drug. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122428. [PMID: 36436741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dapsone (DAP)is a dual-function drug substance; however, its limited water solubility may impair its bioavailability. Drug nanocrystals are an alternative to overcome this limitation. Herein, a DAP nanosuspension was prepared using adesign space approach aiming to investigate the influence of raw material properties and process parameters on the critical quality attributes of the drugnanocrystals. Optimized nanocrystals with 206.3 ± 6.7 nm using povacoat™ as stabilizer were made. The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and saturation solubility. Compared to the raw material, the nanocrystals were 250-times smaller. Meanwhile, its crystalline state remained basically unchanged even after milling and drying. The nanosuspension successfully maintained its physical stability inlong-termandaccelerated stability studiesover, 4 and 3 months. Furthermore, toxicity studiesshowed low a toxicity at a20 mg/kg. As expected for nanocrystals, the size reduction improvedsaturation solubility3.78 times in water. An attempt to scale up from lab to pilot scale resulted nanocrystals of potential commercial quality. In conclusion, the present study describes the development of dapsone nanocrystals for treating infectious and inflammatory diseases. The nanocrystal formuation can be scaled up for commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline de Souza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiza de O Macedo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Kelly Ishida
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Brokešová J, Niederquell A, Kuentz M, Zámostný P, Vraníková B, Šklubalová Z. Powder cohesion and energy to break an avalanche: Can we address surface heterogeneity? Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122198. [PMID: 36115463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brokešová
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Akademika Heyrovského, 1203/8, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Niederquell
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Akademika Heyrovského, 1203/8, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Hofackerstrasse, 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Hofackerstrasse, 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Petr Zámostný
- UCT Prague, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Organic Technology, Technická, 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vraníková
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Akademika Heyrovského, 1203/8, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Šklubalová
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Akademika Heyrovského, 1203/8, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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16
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A Critical Review on Engineering of d-Mannitol Crystals: Properties, Applications, and Polymorphic Control. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12081080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
d-mannitol is a common six-carbon sugar alcohol, which is widely used in food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and other industries. Polymorphism is defined as the ability of materials to crystallize into different crystal structures. It has been reported for a long time that d-mannitol has three polymorphs: β, δ, and α. These different polymorphs have unique physicochemical properties, thus affecting the industrial applications of d-mannitol. In this review, we firstly introduced the characteristics of different d-mannitol polymorphs, e.g., crystal structure, morphology, molecular conformational energy, stability, solubility and the analytical techniques of d-mannitol polymorphisms. Then, we described the different strategies for the preparation of d-mannitol crystals and focused on the polymorphic control of d-mannitol crystals in the products. Furthermore, the factors of the formation of different d-mannitol polymorphisms were summarized. Finally, the application of mannitol polymorphism was summarized. The purpose of this paper is to provide new ideas for a more personalized design of d-mannitol for various applications, especially as a pharmaceutical excipient. Meanwhile, the theoretical overview on polymorphic transformation of d-mannitol may shed some light on the crystal design study of other polycrystalline materials.
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17
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Palugan L, Moutaharrik S, Cirilli M, Gelain A, Maroni A, Melocchi A, Zema L, Foppoli A, Cerea M. Evaluation of different types of mannitol for dry granulation by roller compaction. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Wen X, Wang S, Ramji R, Butler LO, Bagdagulyan Y, Kishishita A, Golen JA, Rheingold AL, Kim SK, Goddard WA, Pascal TA. Complete inhibition of a polyol nucleation by a micromolar biopolymer additive. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2022; 3:100723. [PMID: 35265868 PMCID: PMC8903182 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Preventing spontaneous crystallization of supersaturated solutions by additives is of critical interest to successful process design and implementation, with numerous applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, medical, pigment, and food industries, but challenges remain in laboratory and industry settings and fundamental understanding is lacking. When copresented with antifreeze proteins (AFPs), otherwise spontaneously crystallizing osmolytes are maintained at high supersaturations for months in over-wintering organisms. Thus, we here explore the inhibition phenomenon by AFPs, using persistent crystallization of a common sugar alcohol, D-mannitol, as a case study. We report experimentally that DAFP1, an insect AFP, completely inhibits D-mannitol nucleation. Computer simulations reveal a new mechanism for crystallization inhibition where the population of the crystal-forming conformers are selectively bound and randomized in solution by hydrogen bonding to the protein surface. These results highlight the advantages of using natural polymers to address crystallization inhibition challenges and suggest new strategies in controlling the nucleation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- Lead contact
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA
| | - Robert Ramji
- ATLAS Materials Physics Laboratory, Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Luke O Butler
- ATLAS Materials Physics Laboratory, Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yelena Bagdagulyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Audrey Kishishita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - James A Golen
- University of California San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- University of California San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tod A Pascal
- ATLAS Materials Physics Laboratory, Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- University of California San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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19
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Mannitol Polymorphs as Carrier in DPIs Formulations: Isolation Characterization and Performance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081113. [PMID: 34452073 PMCID: PMC8401007 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for best performing carriers for dry powder inhalers is getting a great deal of interest to overcome the limitations posed by lactose. The aerosolization of adhesive mixtures between a carrier and a micronized drug is strongly influenced by the carrier solid-state properties. This work aimed at crystallizing kinetically stable D-mannitol polymorphs and at investigating their aerosolization performance when used in adhesive mixtures with two model drugs (salbutamol sulphate, SS, and budesonide, BUD) using a median and median/high resistance inhaler. A further goal was to assess in vitro the cytocompatibility of the produced polymer-doped mannitol polymorphs toward two lung epithelial cell lines. Kinetically stable (up to 12 months under accelerate conditions) α, and δ mannitol forms were crystallized in the presence of 2% w/w PVA and 1% w/w PVP respectively. These solid phases were compared with the β form and lactose as references. The solid-state properties of crystallized mannitol significantly affected aerosolization behavior, with the δ form affording the worst fine particle fraction with both the hydrophilic (9.3 and 6.5%) and the lipophilic (19.6 and 32%) model drugs, while α and β forms behaved in the same manner (11–13% for SS; 53–58% for BUD) and better than lactose (8 and 13% for SS; 26 and 39% for BUD). Recrystallized mannitol, but also PVA and PVP, proved to be safe excipients toward lung cell lines. We concluded that, also for mannitol, the physicochemical properties stemming from different crystal structures represent a tool for modulating carrier-drug interaction and, in turn, aerosolization performance.
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20
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Jara MO, Warnken ZN, Sahakijpijarn S, Moon C, Maier EY, Christensen DJ, Koleng JJ, Peters JI, Hackman Maier SD, Williams Iii RO. Niclosamide inhalation powder made by thin-film freezing: Multi-dose tolerability and exposure in rats and pharmacokinetics in hamsters. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120701. [PMID: 33989748 PMCID: PMC8112893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed and tested a dry powder form of niclosamide made by thin-film freezing (TFF) and administered it by inhalation to rats and hamsters to gather data about its toxicology and pharmacokinetics. Niclosamide, a poorly water-soluble drug, is an interesting drug candidate because it was approved over 60 years ago for use as an anthelmintic medication, but recent studies demonstrated its potential as a broad-spectrum antiviral with pharmacological effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. TFF was used to develop a niclosamide inhalation powder composition that exhibited acceptable aerosol performance with a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 86.0% and a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.11 µm and 2.84, respectively. This formulation not only proved to be safe after an acute three-day, multi-dose tolerability and exposure study in rats as evidenced by histopathology analysis, and also was able to achieve lung concentrations above the required IC90 levels for at least 24 h after a single administration in a Syrian hamster model. To conclude, we successfully developed a niclosamide dry powder inhalation that overcomes niclosamide’s limitation of poor oral bioavailability by targeting the drug directly to the primary site of infection, the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel O Jara
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zachary N Warnken
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Sawittree Sahakijpijarn
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chaeho Moon
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Esther Y Maier
- Drug Dynamics Institute, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Jay I Peters
- UT- Health San Antonio Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Robert O Williams Iii
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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22
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Wang JL, Hanafy MS, Xu H, Leal J, Zhai Y, Ghosh D, Williams III RO, David Charles Smyth H, Cui Z. Aerosolizable siRNA-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles prepared by thin-film freeze-drying for potential pulmonary delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wenzel T, Gieseler H. Evaluation of Packaging Materials in Freeze-Drying: Use of Polymer Caps and Nested Vials and Their Impact on Process and Product Attributes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:82. [PMID: 33624199 PMCID: PMC7902328 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current trends in the pharmaceutical industry led to a demand for more flexible manufacturing processes with smaller batch sizes. Prepackaged nested vials that can be processed as a unit were introduced into the market to fulfill this need. However, vial nests provide a different thermal environment for the vials compared to a hexagonal packaging array and could therefore influence product temperature profiles, primary drying times, and product quality attributes. Polymer caps with the possibility of vial closure inside the freeze-drying chamber were developed to remove the risks and need of a crimping process. A general concern with the use of such caps is the possibility of an increase in resistance to water vapor flow out of the vial. This case study investigated the effect of the LyoSeal® and PLASCAP® polymer caps and EZ-fill® nests on the freeze-drying process. Amorphous and partially crystalline model formulations were freeze-dried. Process data and product quality attributes were compared for regularly stoppered vials and vials with polymer caps as well as vials in a hexagonal packaging array and nested vials. The results indicated no increased resistance or impeded water vapor flow by the polymer caps. Differences in the macro- and microscopic appearances of products and a trend towards lower product temperatures were observed for the investigated nest type compared to a regular hexagonal packaging array. Consequently, the polymer caps could be used as an alternative to regular stoppers without affecting freeze-drying process data or product quality attributes, while the different thermal environment of nested vials should be considered.
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Savicki C, Camargo NHA, Gemelli E. Crystallization of carboplatin-loaded onto microporous calcium phosphate using high-vacuum method: Characterization and release study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242565. [PMID: 33290399 PMCID: PMC7723252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are a new approach to increase therapeutic efficacy and to reduce the side effects of traditional treatments. Calcium phosphates (CaPs) have been studied as drug delivery systems, especially in bone diseases. However, each system has some particularities that depend on the physical and chemical characteristics of the biomaterials and drug interaction. In this work, granulated CaPs were used as a matrix for loading the anticancer drug carboplatin using the high-vacuum method. Five compositions were applied: hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), biphasic HAp 60%/β-TCP 40% (BCP), β-TCP/MgO nanocomposite, and β-TCP/SiO2 nanocomposite. Carboplatin drug in 50, 60, and 70 mg/g was precipitated on the surface of CaPs. Morphological, chemical and surface modifications in the carboplatin-CaPs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), backscattered electron microscopy (BSE), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The characterization of the CaP-carboplatin biomaterials showed heterogeneous crystalline precipitation of the drug, and no morphological modifications of the CaPs biomaterials. The in vitro release profile of carboplatin from CaPs was evaluated by the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) method. The curves showed a burst release of upon 60% of carboplatin loaded followed by a slow-release of the drug for the time of the study. The results were typical of a low-interaction system and physisorption mechanism. The high-vacuum method permitted to load the high amount of carboplatin drug on the surface of the biomaterials despite the low interaction between carboplatin and CaPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Savicki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Technological Science, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Nelson Heriberto Almeida Camargo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Technological Science, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Enori Gemelli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Technological Science, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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25
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Freeze-dried cake structural and physical heterogeneity in relation to freeze-drying cycle parameters. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Investigation into powder tribo-charging of pharmaceuticals. Part I: Process-induced charge via twin-screw feeding. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:120014. [PMID: 33122114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Powder feeding is a crucial unit operation in continuous manufacturing (CM) of pharmaceutical products. Twin-screw feeders are typically employed to ensure the accurate mass flow of pharmaceutical materials throughout the production process. Here, contact and separation of particles can give rise to electrostatic charges, affecting feeder performance and final product quality. The knowledge of the material charging tendency would therefore be beneficial for both formulation and process design. At the early stage of product development, only a limited amount of material is available and the propensity of the powders to charge needs to be assessed on lab test equipment, which not necessarily represent the material state during processing. In this study, the tribo-charging behaviour of a set of common pharmaceutical materials (i.e., microcrystalline cellulose, D-mannitol, paracetamol and magnesium stearate) was experimentally evaluated. To this end, powder materials were let to flow over the stainless-steel pipes of the GranuCharge™ instrument. The resulting charge was compared to the one acquired during twin-screw feeding. In both cases, paracetamol exhibited the highest charging tendency followed by D-mannitol and microcrystalline cellulose and last by magnesium stearate. A good correlation was found for charge values obtained for both methods, despite the different tribo-charging mechanisms involved in the two set-ups. However, these differences in experimental set-ups led to diverse magnitudes and, in one case, polarity of charge. Additionally, an extensive material characterization was performed on the selected powders and results were statistically analyzed to identify critical material attributes (CMAs) affecting powder tribo-charging. A strong correlation was obtained between the measured charge and inter-particle friction. This indicated the latter as one of the most influencing material characteristic impacting the powder tribo-charging phenomenon of the selected materials.
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Sahakijpijarn S, Moon C, Koleng JJ, Christensen DJ, Williams RO. Development of Remdesivir as a Dry Powder for Inhalation by Thin Film Freezing. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111002. [PMID: 33105618 PMCID: PMC7690377 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Remdesivir exhibits in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and was granted approval for emergency use. To maximize delivery to the lungs, we formulated remdesivir as a dry powder for inhalation using thin film freezing (TFF). TFF produces brittle matrix nanostructured aggregates that are sheared into respirable low-density microparticles upon aerosolization from a passive dry powder inhaler. In vitro aerodynamic testing demonstrated that drug loading and excipient type affected the aerosol performance of remdesivir. Remdesivir combined with optimal excipients exhibited desirable aerosol performance (up to 93.0% FPF< 5 µm; 0.82 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter). Remdesivir was amorphous after the TFF process, which benefitted drug dissolution in simulated lung fluid. TFF remdesivir formulations are stable after one month of storage at 25 °C/60% relative humidity. An in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation showed that TFF remdesivir–leucine was poorly absorbed into systemic circulation while TFF remdesivir-Captisol® demonstrated increased systemic uptake compared to leucine. Remdesivir was hydrolyzed to the nucleoside analog GS-441524 in the lung, and levels of GS-441524 were greater in the lung with leucine formulation compared to Captisol®. In conclusion, TFF technology produces high-potency remdesivir dry powder formulations for inhalation that are suitable to treat patients with COVID-19 on an outpatient basis and earlier in the disease course where effective antiviral therapy can reduce related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawittree Sahakijpijarn
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (S.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Chaeho Moon
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (S.S.); (C.M.)
| | - John J. Koleng
- TFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Austin, TX 78746, USA; (J.J.K.); (D.J.C.)
| | | | - Robert O. Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (S.S.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-512-471-4681
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Megarry A, Taylor A, Gholami A, Wikström H, Tajarobi P. Twin-screw granulation and high-shear granulation: The influence of mannitol grade on granule and tablet properties. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119890. [PMID: 32946976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Granule structure has a key influence on tablet critical quality attributes. The ability to control this structure through excipient choice is an important part of formulation development. Mannitol is a popular diluent and the choice of input grade has been shown to impact granule properties. Allopurinol formulations containing two grades of mannitol (Pearlitol 160C and 200SD) were prepared by wet-granulation (twin-screw and high-shear) at different liquid/solid ratios (0.3 and 0.6 g/g). The particle and bulk properties were characterised by a range of techniques and linked to flow performance and tablet tensile strength during compression on a rotary tablet press. During granulation, 200SD underwent a polymorphic transition from a mixture of α and β to predominantly β. This transition was accompanied by a morphology change. Mannitol needles were formed, giving more porous granules with a higher specific surface area, which led to poorer flow properties but higher tablet tensile strength. This study concludes that understanding the effect of mannitol grade is a crucial part of formulation selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Megarry
- Early Product Development and Manufacture, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Agnes Taylor
- Early Product Development and Manufacture, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aida Gholami
- Early Product Development and Manufacture, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wikström
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations & IT, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pirjo Tajarobi
- Early Product Development and Manufacture, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Binary polymeric amorphous carvedilol solid dispersions: In vitro and in vivo characterization. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 150:105343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Liao Q, Lam ICH, Lin HHS, Wan LTL, Lo JCK, Tai W, Kwok PCL, Lam JKW. Effect of formulation and inhaler parameters on the dispersion of spray freeze dried voriconazole particles. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119444. [PMID: 32445908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spray freeze drying is a particle engineering technique that allows the production of porous particles of low density with excellent aerosol performance for inhalation. There are a number of operating parameters that can be manipulated in order to optimise the powder properties. In this study, a two-fluid nozzle was used to prepare spray freeze dried formulation of voriconazole, a triazole antifungal agent for the treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis. A full factorial design approach was adopted to explore the effects of drug concentration, atomisation gas flow rate and primary drying temperature. The aerosol performance of the spray freeze dried powder was evaluated using the next generation impactor (NGI) operated with different inhaler devices and flow rates. The results showed that the primary drying temperature played an important role in determining the aerosol properties of the powder. In general, the higher the primary drying temperature, the lower the emitted fraction (EF) and the higher the fine particle fraction (FPF). Formulations that contained the highest voriconazole concentration (80% w/w) and prepared at a high primary drying temperature (-10 °C) exhibited the best aerosol performance under different experimental conditions. The high concentration of the hydrophobic voriconazole reduced surface energy and cohesion, hence better powder dispersibility. The powders produced with higher primary drying temperature had a smaller particle size after dispersion and improved aerosol property, possibly due to the faster sublimation rate in the freeze-drying step that led to the formation of less aggregating or more fragile particles. Moreover, Breezhaler®, which has a low intrinsic resistance, was able to generate the best aerosol performance of the spray freeze dried voriconazole powders in terms of FPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ivan C H Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Hinson H S Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Leon T L Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jason C K Lo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Waiting Tai
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Philip C L Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Katopodis K, Kapourani A, Vardaka E, Karagianni A, Chorianopoulou C, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Bikiaris DN, Kachrimanis K, Barmpalexis P. Partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol for fusion-based pharmaceutical formulation processes: Evaluation of suitable plasticizers. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Umerska A, Mugheirbi NA, Kasprzak A, Saulnier P, Tajber L. Carbohydrate-based Trojan microparticles as carriers for pulmonary delivery of lipid nanocapsules using dry powder inhalation. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Oddone I, Arsiccio A, Duru C, Malik K, Ferguson J, Pisano R, Matejtschuk P. Vacuum-Induced Surface Freezing for the Freeze-Drying of the Human Growth Hormone: How Does Nucleation Control Affect Protein Stability? J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:254-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gioumouxouzis CI, Tzimtzimis E, Katsamenis OL, Dourou A, Markopoulou C, Bouropoulos N, Tzetzis D, Fatouros DG. Fabrication of an osmotic 3D printed solid dosage form for controlled release of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 143:105176. [PMID: 31809907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical formulations, pharmacokinetic behavior of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API's) is significantly affected by their dissolution profiles. In this project, we attempted to create personalized dosage forms with osmotic properties that exhibit different API release patterns via Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printing. Specifically, cellulose acetate was employed to create an external shell of an osmotically active core containing Diltiazem (DIL) as model drug. By removing parts of the shell (upper surface, linear lateral segments) were created dosage forms that modify their shape at specific time frames under the effect of the gradually induced osmotic pressure. Hot-Melt Extrusion (HME) was employed to fabricate two different 3DP feeding filaments, for the creation of either the shell or the osmotic core (dual-extrusion printing). Printed formulations and filaments were characterized by means of (TGA, XRD, DSC) and inspected using microscopy (optical and electron). The mechanical properties of the filaments were assessed by means of micro- and macro mechanical testing, whereas micro-Computed Tomography (μCT) was employed to investigate the volumetric changes occurring during the hydration process. XRD indicated the amorphization of DIL inside HME filaments and printed dosage forms, whereas the incorporated NaCl (osmogen) retained its crystallinity. Mechanical properties' testing confirmed the printability of produced filaments. Dissolution tests revealed that all formulations exhibited sustained release differing at the initiation time of the API dissolution (0, 120 and 360 min for the three different formulations). Finally, μCT uncovered the key structural changes associated with distinct phases of the release profile. The above results demonstrate the successful utilization of an FDM 3D printer in order to create osmotic 3D printed formulations exhibiting sustained and/or delayed release, that can be easily personalized containing API doses corresponding to each patient's specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos I Gioumouxouzis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Tzimtzimis
- School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 14 km Thessaloniki - N. Moudania, Thermi GR57001, Greece
| | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anthi Dourou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Catherine Markopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Bouropoulos
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzetzis
- School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 14 km Thessaloniki - N. Moudania, Thermi GR57001, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Fatouros
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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35
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Chow MYT, Qiu Y, Liao Q, Kwok PCL, Chow SF, Chan HK, Lam JKW. High siRNA loading powder for inhalation prepared by co-spray drying with human serum albumin. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118818. [PMID: 31678379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of small interfering RNA (siRNA) formulation for pulmonary delivery is a key to the clinical translation of siRNA therapeutics for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Most inhalable siRNA powder formulations published to date were limited by the siRNA content which was often too low to be clinically relevant. This study aimed to prepare inhalable siRNA powder formulations that contained high siRNA loading of over 6% w/w by spray drying, with human serum albumin (HSA) investigated as a dispersion enhancer to improve the aerosol performance. The effect of siRNA, HSA and solute concentrations in the formulations were evaluated systemically using factorial analyses. All the spray dried siRNA powders exhibited excellent aerosol performance with fine particle fraction (FPF) consistently over 50% in all the formulations. An enrichment of HSA on the particle surface was observed. Surface corrugation was more prominent as HSA composition increased. Importantly, the bioactivity of siRNA was successfully preserved upon spray drying as demonstrated in the in vitro transfection study, and up to 78% of intact siRNA retained in the spray dried powder. Overall, HSA is an effective dispersion enhancer and spray drying is an appropriate technique to produce inhalable dry powder with high siRNA loading for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y T Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yingshan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Qiuying Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Philip C L Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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36
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Formulation Composition and Process Affect Counterion for CSP7 Peptide. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100498. [PMID: 31569515 PMCID: PMC6835953 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Counterions commonly remain with peptides in salt form after peptide purification. In animal and human studies, acetate counterions are a safer and more acceptable choice for peptides than others (e.g., trifluoroacetate counterions). Various salt forms of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSP7) affect counterion volatilization. The development of lyophilized formulations containing volatile compounds is a challenge because these compounds sublimate away during the process. This work aims to investigate the effect of excipients and lyophilization parameters on the preservation of volatile compounds after lyophilization. The peak areas obtained from 1H and 19F NMR spectra were used to calculate the molar ratio of counterions to CSP7. We found that the pH modifier excipient had the greatest impact on the loss of counterions. By optimizing the molar ratio of bulking agent to CSP7, volatile compounds can be preserved after lyophilization. Higher chamber pressure during lyophilization can lower the sublimation rate of volatile compounds. Moreover, the loss of volatile compounds affects the stability of CSP7 due to the pH shift of reconstituted solutions, thereby causing peptide aggregation. The optimization of the formulation and processing helps preserve volatile compounds, thus minimizing the pH change of reconstituted solutions and maintaining the stability of peptide.
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37
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Keil TWM, Feldmann DP, Costabile G, Zhong Q, da Rocha S, Merkel OM. Characterization of spray dried powders with nucleic acid-containing PEI nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 143:61-69. [PMID: 31445157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Localized aerosol delivery of gene therapies is a promising treatment of severe pulmonary diseases including lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, COPD and asthma. The administration of drugs by inhalation features multiple benefits including an enhanced patient acceptability and compliance. The application of a spray dried powder formulation has advantages over solutions due to their increased stability and shelf life. Furthermore, optimal sizes of the powder can be obtained by spray drying to allow a deep lung deposition. The present study optimized the parameters involved with spray drying polyplexes formed by polyethylenimine (PEI) and nucleic acids in inert excipients to generate a nano-embedded microparticle (NEM) powder with appropriate aerodynamic diameter. Furthermore, the effects of the excipient matrix used to generate the NEM powder on the biological activity of the nucleic acid and the ability to recover the embedded nanoparticles was investigated. The study showed that bioactivity and nucleic acid integrity was preserved after spray drying, and that polyplexes could be reconstituted from the dry powders made with trehalose but not mannitol as a stabilizer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed trehalose formulations that formed fused, lightly corrugated spherical particles in the range between 1 and 5 µm, while mannitol formulations had smooth surfaces and consisted of more defined particles. After redispersion of the microparticles in water, polyplex dispersions are obtained that are comparable to the initial formulations before spray drying. Cellular uptake and transfection studies conducted in lung adenocarcinoma cells show that redispersed trehalose particles performed similar to or better than polyplexes that were not spray dried. A method for quantifying polymer and nucleic acid loss following spray drying was developed in order to ensure that equal nucleic acid amounts were used in all in vitro experiments. The results confirm that spray dried NEM formulations containing nucleic acids can be prepared with characteristics known to be optimal for inhalation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias W M Keil
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81337 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel P Feldmann
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Gabriella Costabile
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81337 Munich, Germany
| | - Qian Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Sandro da Rocha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81337 Munich, Germany; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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38
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Scaled-Up Production and Tableting of Grindable Electrospun Fibers Containing a Protein-Type Drug. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070329. [PMID: 31336743 PMCID: PMC6680794 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this work were to develop a processable, electrospun formulation of a model biopharmaceutical drug, β-galactosidase, and to demonstrate that higher production rates of biopharmaceutical-containing fibers can be achieved by using high-speed electrospinning compared to traditional electrospinning techniques. An aqueous solution of 7.6 w/w% polyvinyl alcohol, 0.6 w/w% polyethylene oxide, 9.9 w/w% mannitol, and 5.4 w/w% β-galactosidase was successfully electrospun with a 30 mL/h feeding rate, which is about 30 times higher than the feeding rate usually attained with single-needle electrospinning. According to X-ray diffraction measurements, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, and β-galactosidase were in an amorphous state in the fibers, whereas mannitol was crystalline (δ-polymorph). The presence of crystalline mannitol and the low water content enabled appropriate grinding of the fibrous sample without secondary drying. The ground powder was mixed with excipients commonly used during the preparation of pharmaceutical tablets and was successfully compressed into tablets. β-galactosidase remained stable during each of the processing steps (electrospinning, grinding, and tableting) and after one year of storage at room temperature in the tablets. The obtained results demonstrate that high-speed electrospinning is a viable alternative to traditional biopharmaceutical drying methods, especially for heat sensitive molecules, and tablet formulation is achievable from the electrospun material prepared this way.
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Zellnitz S, Roblegg E, Pinto J, Fröhlich E. Delivery of Dry Powders to the Lungs: Influence of Particle Attributes from a Biological and Technological Point of View. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:180-194. [PMID: 30360739 DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666181024143249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers are medical devices used to deliver powder formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredients via oral inhalation to the lungs. Drug particles, from a biological perspective, should reach the targeted site, dissolve and permeate through the epithelial cell layer in order to deliver a therapeutic effect. However, drug particle attributes that lead to a biological activity are not always consistent with the technical requirements necessary for formulation design. For example, small cohesive drug particles may interact with neighbouring particles, resulting in large aggregates or even agglomerates that show poor flowability, solubility and permeability. To circumvent these hurdles, most dry powder inhalers currently on the market are carrier-based formulations. These formulations comprise drug particles, which are blended with larger carrier particles that need to detach again from the carrier during inhalation. Apart from blending process parameters, inhaler type used and patient's inspiratory force, drug detachment strongly depends on the drug and carrier particle characteristics such as size, shape, solid-state and morphology as well as their interdependency. This review discusses critical particle characteristics. We consider size of the drug (1-5 µm in order to reach the lung), solid-state (crystalline to guarantee stability versus amorphous to improve dissolution), shape (spherical drug particles to avoid macrophage clearance) and surface morphology of the carrier (regular shaped smooth or nano-rough carrier surfaces for improved drug detachment.) that need to be considered in dry powder inhaler development taking into account the lung as biological barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zellnitz
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joana Pinto
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.,Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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40
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Shakiba S, Mansouri S, Selomulya C, Woo MW. Time scale based analysis of in-situ crystal formation in droplet undergoing rapid dehydration. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:47-56. [PMID: 30641184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The surface structure of crystalline particles affects the functionality of the particles in drug delivery. Prediction of the final structure of particles that crystallize easily within the spray drying process is of interests for many applications. A theoretical framework was developed for the prediction of crystal structure precipitating on the surface of the particle. This model was based on the dimensionless Damkohler number (Da), to be an indicator of final particle morphology. Timescales of evaporation and reaction were required for calculation of the Damkohler number. The modified evaporation time scale was estimated based on the time that is available for the crystal to precipitate after supersaturation. The reaction time scale was estimated based on the time scale for induction time. Mannitol was produced under different processing conditions in order to validate the theoretical model. Results showed for the high Damkohler numbers, the surface structure of the particle was rough, while smaller Damkohler numbers led to relatively smooth particle surfaces. Additionally, although the beta polymorph was dominant in all of the experiments, alpha polymorph was precipitated in the experiments with a large Damkohler number. The theoretical framework developed will be a useful predictive tool to guide the manipulation of particle crystallization in spray dryers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shakiba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - S Mansouri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - C Selomulya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - M W Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Santos B, Carmo F, Schlindwein W, Muirhead G, Rodrigues C, Cabral L, Westrup J, Pitt K. Pharmaceutical excipients properties and screw feeder performance in continuous processing lines: a Quality by Design (QbD) approach. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:2089-2097. [PMID: 30113219 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1513024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Screw feeder performance is a critical aspect in continuous manufacturing processes. Pharmaceutical excipients, such as mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, and anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate can present problems in ensuring a continuous stable feed rate due to their sub-optimal flow properties. In alignment with Quality by Design (QbD) goals, the aim of this work was to identify and explain critical sources of variability of some powder excipients delivery by screw feeding, in particular to continuous processing lines. Pharmaceutical excipients with a wide range of material properties were selected, and the impact of their flow and density properties on screw feeder performance was investigated. The analysis of the powder conveying by the screws was performed at different hopper fills and different screw speeds. A multivariable model involving bulk density (CBD) and parameters from FT4 dynamic downwards testing (SI) and dynamic upwards testing (SE) explained 95.7% of excipients feed rates (p < .001). The study gathers valuable information about the screw feeder performance and input materials properties that can help process understanding and QbD-based development of solid dosage forms in continuous processing lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Santos
- a Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b Global Manufacturing and Supply (GMS) , GlaxoSmithKline , Ware , UK
| | - Flavia Carmo
- a Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b Global Manufacturing and Supply (GMS) , GlaxoSmithKline , Ware , UK
| | - Walkiria Schlindwein
- c Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester , Leicestershire , UK
| | - Gordon Muirhead
- b Global Manufacturing and Supply (GMS) , GlaxoSmithKline , Ware , UK
| | - Carlos Rodrigues
- a Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Lúcio Cabral
- a Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Julian Westrup
- b Global Manufacturing and Supply (GMS) , GlaxoSmithKline , Ware , UK
| | - Kendal Pitt
- b Global Manufacturing and Supply (GMS) , GlaxoSmithKline , Ware , UK
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Permeability Behavior of Nanocrystalline Solid Dispersion of Dipyridamole Generated Using NanoCrySP Technology. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030160. [PMID: 30227673 PMCID: PMC6161304 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocrystals research has been an area of significant interest lately, providing oral bioavailability benefits to solubility- and/or dissolution rate-limited drugs. Drug nanocrystals are generated using top-down or bottom-up technologies. Combination technologies (Nanoedge, Nanopure XP and SmartCrystal) have been recently developed to generate nanocrystals of improved properties. Our lab has also contributed in this field by providing a ‘novel’ platform technology, NanoCrySP, for the generation of nanocrystals. NanoCrySP-generated nanocrystals have improved the oral bioavailability of various molecules. In this study, we aim to assess the permeability behavior of nanocrystals generated by NanoCrySP. Three samples of Dipyridamole (DPM) drug were used in this study: (1) DPM (micron-sized powder), (2) nanocrystals of DPM (NS), generated by media milling (as control) and, (3) nanocrystalline solid dispersion containing DPM (NSD) in the matrix of mannitol (MAN), generated using NanoCrySP technology. In vitro (Caco-2 cell lines) and ex vivo (everted gut sac) studies were conducted in this work. Cellular permeability (Papp) from apical-to-basolateral side in Caco-2 cell monolayer was found to be in the order NS > NSD > DPM, which was the same as their apparent solubility values. Higher Papp from a basolateral-to-apical side suggested a significant contribution of the P-gp efflux transport for DPM, while NS exhibited much higher inhibition of the efflux mechanism than NSD. Both NS and NSD showed higher permeation from the jejunum region in the ex vivo everted gut sac study. Interestingly, Papp of NSD was similar to NS in ex vivo everted gut sac model, however, NSD showed higher mucoadhesion than NS and DPM in this study.
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Arsiccio A, Pisano R. Application of the Quality by Design Approach to the Freezing Step of Freeze-Drying: Building the Design Space. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1586-1596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Interaction of Mannitol and Sucrose with Gellan Gum in Freeze-Dried Gel Systems. FOOD BIOPHYS 2018; 13:304-315. [PMID: 30100823 PMCID: PMC6061513 DOI: 10.1007/s11483-018-9536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of sucrose and mannitol addition to low-acyl (LA) gellan gum gels at both the molecular and macroscopic levels prior to, and after freeze-drying has been investigated. It has been shown that the gel network order as well as the mechanical properties are changed with the solute content, especially in the case of sucrose. The freeze-dried gel structure, containing either mannitol or sucrose, was studied, reporting for the first time the interaction of mannitol with the gellan gum gel. The generated freeze-dried gel network was evaluated in terms of porosity, pore size and wall thickness distributions. The solute physical state was correlated the water activity trend as a function of the solute content. Since mannitol is crystalline, the water activity decreases, in contrast with the amorphous sucrose. The rehydration mechanism was investigated and associated with the solute release from the structure. Specifically, the material properties (surface and bulk) as well as the role of the dissolution medium over time were assessed. It was found that the rehydration for both the gellan/sucrose and gellan/mannitol systems was highly influenced by the additive content, as an increase in water uptake was measured up to 10 wt%. A further increase in solute led to a considerable drop in the rehydration rate and extent due to the change in the freeze-dried structure, with smaller pores and with higher wall thickness values.
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45
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Manufacturing and ambient stability of shelf freeze dried bacteriophage powder formulations. Int J Pharm 2018; 542:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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46
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A 3D printed bilayer oral solid dosage form combining metformin for prolonged and glimepiride for immediate drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 120:40-52. [PMID: 29678613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fused Deposition Modelling (a.k.a. FDM-3D printing) has been previously employed in the development of personalized medicines with unique properties and release behavior. In the present work, a bilayer dosage form containing two anti-diabetic drugs with different daily dosage regimens; i.e. metformin and glimepiride, was manufactured via FDM 3D printing, studied using a variety of techniques and characterized in vitro. Metformin and glimepiride were embedded in Eudragit® RL sustained release layer and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer respectively. Incorporation of more than one API's into the formulation is desirable, as it increases patient compliance and reduces cost of treatment, especially when distinct dosages of API's can be adjusted individually in situ, in order to meet each patient's specific needs, a capability provided by 3D printing. A number of different preparation methods, which involved different plasticizers and extruders, were tested on manufacturing Eudragit® RL drug-loaded filaments for printing the sustained release layer. The properties of the produced filaments were assessed by means of mechanical and physicochemical characterization techniques and the filaments with the optimum properties were used for printing. Microfocus computed tomography (μCT) imaging-based actual/nominal comparison analysis showed a printing accuracy ranging between -100, +200 μm, while X-ray (XRD) diffractograms revealed the incorporation of the (initially crystalline) API's as amorphous dispersions into polymer matrices. Dissolution tests showed sufficient drug release for both drugs in desired time frames (75 min for glimepiride and 480 min for metformin). The results from the current study emphasize the potentiality of 3D printing technology for tailor-made solid dosage forms for combined pharmacotherapy, even at the cases when API's with different desirable release profiles are employed.
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47
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Liu S, Xu S, Tang W, Yu B, Hou B, Gong J. Revealing the roles of solvation in D-mannitol's polymorphic nucleation. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using the different solvating powers of solvents, molecular distribution within solutions can be changed, leading to distinct solvation patterns that ultimately affect polymorphic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Shijie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Baohong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
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Zong L, Li X, Wang H, Cao Y, Yin L, Li M, Wei Z, Chen D, Pu X, Han J. Formulation and characterization of biocompatible and stable I.V. itraconazole nanosuspensions stabilized by a new stabilizer polyethylene glycol-poly(β-Benzyl- l -aspartate) (PEG-PBLA). Int J Pharm 2017; 531:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Della Bella A, Salomi E, Buttini F, Bettini R. The role of the solid state and physical properties of the carrier in adhesive mixtures for lung delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 15:665-674. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1371132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Salomi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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50
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Oddone I, Barresi AA, Pisano R. Influence of controlled ice nucleation on the freeze-drying of pharmaceutical products: the secondary drying step. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:134-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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