1
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Jagannathan JR, Ma Y, Curole BJ, Grayson SM, Fenton OS, Leibfarth FA. Regioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Chain-Growth Allylic Amination Polymerization of Vinyl Aziridines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15264-15274. [PMID: 38801413 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Organometallic-mediated chain growth polymerization of readily accessible chemical building blocks is responsible for important commercial and technological advances in polymer science, but the incorporation of heteroatoms into the polymer backbone through these mechanisms remains a challenge. Transition metal π-allyl complexes are well-developed organometallic intermediates for carbon-heteroatom bond formation in small-molecule catalysis yet remain underexplored in polymer science. Here, we developed a regioselective palladium-phosphoramidite-catalyzed chain-growth allylic amination polymerization of vinyl aziridines for the synthesis of novel nitrogen-rich polymers via ambiphilic π-allyl complexes. The polymerization accessed a linear microstructure with four carbons between each nitrogen, which is challenging to achieve through other chain-growth polymerization approaches. The highly regioselective allylic amination polymerization demonstrated the characteristics of a controlled polymerization and was able to achieve molar masses exceeding 20 kg mol-1 with low dispersities (D̵ < 1.3). The identification of the polymer structure and well-defined chain ends were supported by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and chain extension experiments demonstrate opportunities for building more complex materials from this method. A Hammett study was performed to understand the role of the catalyst and monomer structure on regioselectivity, and the data supported a mechanism wherein regioselectivity was primarily controlled by the ligand-metal complex. Postpolymerization desulfonylation provided access to a novel polyamine that demonstrated broad anticancer activity in vitro, which highlights the benefits of unlocking novel polyamine microstructures through regioselective chain-growth allylic amination polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake R Jagannathan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yutian Ma
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brennan J Curole
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frank A Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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2
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Kadac-Czapska K, Ośko J, Knez E, Grembecka M. Microplastics and Oxidative Stress-Current Problems and Prospects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:579. [PMID: 38790684 PMCID: PMC11117644 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles between 0.1 and 5000 µm in size that have attracted considerable attention from the scientific community and the general public, as they threaten the environment. Microplastics contribute to various harmful effects, including lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, cell membrane breakages, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal defects, inflammation, and apoptosis. They affect cells, tissues, organs, and overall health, potentially contributing to conditions like cancer and cardiovascular disease. They pose a significant danger due to their widespread occurrence in food. In recent years, information has emerged indicating that MPs can cause oxidative stress (OS), a known factor in accelerating the aging of organisms. This comprehensive evaluation exposed notable variability in the reported connection between MPs and OS. This work aims to provide a critical review of whether the harmfulness of plastic particles that constitute environmental contaminants may result from OS through a comprehensive analysis of recent research and existing scientific literature, as well as an assessment of the characteristics of MPs causing OS. Additionally, the article covers the analytical methodology used in this field. The conclusions of this review point to the necessity for further research into the effects of MPs on OS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.K.-C.); (J.O.); (E.K.)
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3
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Adams F, Zimmermann CM, Baldassi D, Pehl TM, Weingarten P, Kachel I, Kränzlein M, Jürgens DC, Braubach P, Alexopoulos I, Wygrecka M, Merkel OM. Pulmonary siRNA Delivery with Sophisticated Amphiphilic Poly(Spermine Acrylamides) for the Treatment of Lung Fibrosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308775. [PMID: 38126895 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an efficient strategy to post-transcriptionally silence gene expression. While all siRNA drugs on the market target the liver, the lung offers a variety of currently undruggable targets, which can potentially be treated with RNA therapeutics. To achieve this goal, the synthesis of poly(spermine acrylamides) (P(SpAA) is reported herein. Polymers are prepared via polymerization of N-acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) and afterward this active ester is converted into spermine-based pendant groups. Copolymerizations with decylacrylamide are employed to increase the hydrophobicity of the polymers. After deprotection, polymers show excellent siRNA encapsulation to obtain perfectly sized polyplexes at very low polymer/RNA ratios. In vitro 2D and 3D cell culture, ex vivo and in vivo experiments reveal superior properties of amphiphilic spermine-copolymers with respect to delivery of siRNA to lung cells in comparison to commonly used lipid-based transfection agents. In line with the in vitro results, siRNA delivery to human lung explants confirm more efficient gene silencing of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a G protein-coupled receptor involved in fibrosis. This study reveals the importance of the balance between efficient polyplex formation, cellular uptake, gene knockdown, and toxicity for efficient siRNA delivery in vitro, in vivo, and in fibrotic human lung tissue ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Adams
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Chair of Macromolecular Materials and Fiber Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph M Zimmermann
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Domizia Baldassi
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Pehl
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Philipp Weingarten
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Kachel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Kränzlein
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - David C Jürgens
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) Research Network, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ioannis Alexopoulos
- Center for Infections and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research, Aulweg 132, 35392, Gießen, Germany
- Multiscale Imaging Platform, Institute for Lung Health, German Center for Lung Research, Aulweg 132, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infections and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research, Aulweg 132, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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4
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Opsomer L, Jana S, Mertens I, Cui X, Hoogenboom R, Sanders NN. Efficient in vitro and in vivo transfection of self-amplifying mRNA with linear poly(propylenimine) and poly(ethylenimine-propylenimine) random copolymers as non-viral carriers. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3927-3946. [PMID: 38563779 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb03003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) based vaccines have been introduced worldwide to combat the Covid-19 pandemic. These vaccines consist of non-amplifying mRNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Consequently, LNPs are considered benchmark non-viral carriers for nucleic acid delivery. However, the formulation and manufacturing of these mRNA-LNP nanoparticles are expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, we used self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) and synthesized novel polymers as alternative non-viral carrier platform to LNPs, which enable a simple, rapid, one-pot formulation of saRNA-polyplexes. Our novel polymer-based carrier platform consists of randomly concatenated ethylenimine and propylenimine comonomers, resulting in linear, poly(ethylenimine-ran-propylenimine) (L-PEIx-ran-PPIy) copolymers with controllable degrees of polymerization. Here we demonstrate in multiple cell lines, that our saRNA-polyplexes show comparable to higher in vitro saRNA transfection efficiencies and higher cell viabilities compared to formulations with Lipofectamine MessengerMAX™ (LFMM), a commercial, lipid-based carrier considered to be the in vitro gold standard carrier. This is especially true for our in vitro best performing saRNA-polyplexes with N/P 5, which are characterised with a size below 100 nm, a positive zeta potential, a near 100% encapsulation efficiency, a high retention capacity and the ability to protect the saRNA from degradation mediated by RNase A. Furthermore, an ex vivo hemolysis assay with pig red blood cells demonstrated that the saRNA-polyplexes exhibit negligible hemolytic activity. Finally, a bioluminescence-based in vivo study was performed over a 35-day period, and showed that the polymers result in a higher and prolonged bioluminescent signal compared to naked saRNA and L-PEI based polyplexes. Moreover, the polymers show different expression profiles compared to those of LNPs, with one of our new polymers (L-PPI250) demonstrating a higher sustained expression for at least 35 days after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Opsomer
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Somdeb Jana
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ine Mertens
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Xiaole Cui
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute (CRIG), Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Palmer CR, Pastora LE, Kimmel BR, Pagendarm HM, Kwiatkowski AJ, Stone PT, Arora K, Francini N, Fedorova O, Pyle AM, Wilson JT. Covalent Polymer-RNA Conjugates for Potent Activation of the RIG-I Pathway. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303815. [PMID: 38648653 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
RNA ligands of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) are a promising class of oligonucleotide therapeutics with broad potential as antiviral agents, vaccine adjuvants, and cancer immunotherapies. However, their translation has been limited by major drug delivery barriers, including poor cellular uptake, nuclease degradation, and an inability to access the cytosol where RIG-I is localized. Here this challenge is addressed by engineering nanoparticles that harness covalent conjugation of 5'-triphospate RNA (3pRNA) to endosome-destabilizing polymers. Compared to 3pRNA loaded into analogous nanoparticles via electrostatic interactions, it is found that covalent conjugation of 3pRNA improves loading efficiency, enhances immunostimulatory activity, protects against nuclease degradation, and improves serum stability. Additionally, it is found that 3pRNA could be conjugated via either a disulfide or thioether linkage, but that the latter is only permissible if conjugated distal to the 5'-triphosphate group. Finally, administration of 3pRNA-polymer conjugates to mice significantly increases type-I interferon levels relative to analogous carriers that use electrostatic 3pRNA loading. Collectively, these studies have yielded a next-generation polymeric carrier for in vivo delivery of 3pRNA, while also elucidating new chemical design principles for covalent conjugation of 3pRNA with potential to inform the further development of therapeutics and delivery technologies for pharmacological activation of RIG-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Lucinda E Pastora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Blaise R Kimmel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Hayden M Pagendarm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Alexander J Kwiatkowski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Payton T Stone
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Karan Arora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Nora Francini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Anna M Pyle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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6
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Yadava S, Reddy BPK, Prausnitz MR, Cicerone MT. Hybrid Lipid Nanocapsules: A Robust Platform for mRNA Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:15981-15992. [PMID: 38507686 PMCID: PMC10995897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The success of the mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 has garnered significant interest in the development of mRNA therapeutics against other diseases, but there remains a strong need for a stable and versatile delivery platform for these therapeutics. In this study, we report on a family of robust hybrid lipid nanocapsules (hLNCs) for the delivery of mRNA. The hLNCs are composed of kolliphore HS15, labrafac lipophile WL1349, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and a conjugate of oleic acid (OA) and polyethylenimines of varying size (PEI─0.8, 1.8, and 25 kDa). They are prepared by a solvent-free, temperature-phase inversion method, yielding an average size of ∼40 nm and a particle distribution index (PDI) < 0.2. We demonstrate that the PDI remains <0.2 over a wide pH range and in a wide range of medium. We further show that the PDI and the functionality of mRNA condensed on the particles are robust to drying in a sugar glass and subsequent rehydration. Finally, we demonstrate that mRNA-loaded hLNCs yield reasonable transfection in vitro and in vivo settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil
Kumar Yadava
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - B. Pradeep Kumar Reddy
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Marcus T. Cicerone
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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7
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Yang C, Lin ZI, Zhang X, Xu Z, Xu G, Wang YM, Tsai TH, Cheng PW, Law WC, Yong KT, Chen CK. Recent Advances in Engineering Carriers for siRNA Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300362. [PMID: 38150293 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been a promising treatment strategy for combating intractable diseases. However, the applications of RNAi in clinical are hampered by extracellular and intracellular barriers. To overcome these barriers, various siRNA delivery systems have been developed in the past two decades. The first approved RNAi therapeutic, Patisiran (ONPATTRO) using lipids as the carrier, for the treatment of amyloidosis is one of the most important milestones. This has greatly encouraged researchers to work on creating new functional siRNA carriers. In this review, the recent advances in siRNA carriers consisting of lipids, polymers, and polymer-modified inorganic particles for cancer therapy are summarized. Representative examples are presented to show the structural design of the carriers in order to overcome the delivery hurdles associated with RNAi therapies. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspective for developing RNAi as a clinical modality will be discussed and proposed. It is believed that the addressed contributions in this review will promote the development of siRNA delivery systems for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Ian Lin
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Xinmeng Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Min Wang
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 60002, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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8
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Shuai Q, Xie W, Chen S, Su H, Yan Y. Novel aromatic moieties-modified poly(glycidyl amine)s with potent siRNA delivery and cancer treatment effect. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3115-3128. [PMID: 38451094 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02876c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of safe and effective delivery systems is critical for the clinical applications of siRNA-based therapeutics. Polymer-based vectors have garnered significant attention owing to their structural flexibility and functional tunability. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) has been extensively studied for nucleic acid delivery; nevertheless, its high cytotoxicity has posed challenges for clinical applications. In this study, we have reported poly(glycidyl amine) (PGAm), a linear PEI analogue, demonstrating remarkable siRNA delivery efficacy and improved biocompatibility. By introducing three aromatic moieties (tyrosine, p-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid, and phenylalanine) at varying ratios to further modify PGAms, we successfully constructed a library comprising 36 PGAm-based carriers. In vitro evaluations revealed that PGAm-based carriers exhibited significantly enhanced biocompatibility and reduced non-specific protein absorption in comparison to PEI25k. Among them, 10 modified PGAms achieved a knockdown of target gene expressions exceeding 80%, and 26 modified PGAms maintained over 70% cell viability when utilized for the in vitro delivery of siRNA to HeLa cells. Explorations into the structure-activity relationship of PGAm-based polyplex nanoparticles (NPs) indicated that the siRNA delivery efficacy of NPs depended on factors such as the molecular weight of PGAm precursors, the type of modifying moieties, and the modification ratio. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that two top-performing NPs, namely 2T100/siLuc and 2A50/siLuc, exhibited potent silencing of target genes in tumors following i.v. injection into mice bearing HeLa-Luc xenografts. The in vivo efficacy of the selected NPs was further validated by a remarkable anti-cancer effect when employed for the delivery of siRNA targeting polo-like kinase 1 (siPLK1) to mice with PC-3 xenograft tumors. The intravenous administration of NPs resulted in a substantial inhibition of tumor growth without significant toxicity. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of employing PGAm in siRNA delivery and provide valuable insights for the development of efficient siRNA carriers based on PGAm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shuai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Wanxuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Huahui Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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9
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Algarra M, Gonzalez-Muñoz E. Efficient and scalable gene delivery method with easily generated cationic carbon dots. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:6. [PMID: 38459492 PMCID: PMC10921679 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery is a complex process with several challenges when attempting to incorporate genetic material efficiently and safely into target cells. Some of the key challenges include not only efficient cellular uptake and endosomal escape to ensure that the genetic material can exert its effect but also minimizing the toxicity of the delivery system, which is vital for safe gene delivery. Of importance, if gene delivery systems are intended for biomedical applications or clinical use, they must be scalable and easy and affordable to manufacture to meet the demand. Here, we show an efficient gene delivery method using a combination of carbon dots coated by PEI through electrostatic binding to easily generate cationic carbon dots. We show a biofunctional approach to generate optimal cationic carbon dots (CCDs) that can be scaled up to meet specific transfection demands. CCDs improve cell viability and increase transfection efficiency four times over the standard of PEI polyplexes. Generated CCDs enabled the challenging transfection protocol to produce retroviral vectors via cell cotransfection of three different plasmids into packing cells, showing not only high efficiency but also functionality of the gene delivery, tested as the capacity to produce infective retroviral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Algarra
- INAMAT2-Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics, Department of Science, Public University of Navarra, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA plataforma BIONAND) C/ Severo Ochoa, 35, Málaga, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Celular Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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10
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Sinsinbar G, Bindra AK, Liu S, Chia TW, Yoong Eng EC, Loo SY, Lam JH, Schultheis K, Nallani M. Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Nanostructures as a Tunable Delivery Platform: Perspective and Framework for the Future Drug Product Development. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:541-563. [PMID: 38240244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanoformulation of active payloads or pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has always been an area of interest to achieve targeted, sustained, and efficacious delivery. Various delivery platforms have been explored, but loading and delivery of APIs have been challenging because of the chemical and structural properties of these molecules. Polymersomes made from amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCPs) have shown enormous promise as a tunable API delivery platform and confer multifold advantages over lipid-based systems. For example, a COVID booster vaccine comprising polymersomes encapsulating spike protein (ACM-001) has recently completed a Phase I clinical trial and provides a case for developing safe drug products based on ABCP delivery platforms. However, several limitations need to be resolved before they can reach their full potential. In this Perspective, we would like to highlight such aspects requiring further development for translating an ABCP-based delivery platform from a proof of concept to a viable commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sinsinbar
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Anivind Kaur Bindra
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Shaoqiong Liu
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Teck Wan Chia
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Eunice Chia Yoong Eng
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Ser Yue Loo
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Jian Hang Lam
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Katherine Schultheis
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Madhavan Nallani
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
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11
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Mohseni Sani N, Talaee M, Akbari A, Ashoori F, Zamani J, Kermani AA, Shahbani Zahiri H, Presley J, Vali H, Akbari Noghabi K. Unveiling the structure-emulsifying function relationship of truncated recombinant forms of the SA01-OmpA protein opens up a new vista in bioemulsifiers. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0346523. [PMID: 38206002 PMCID: PMC10846152 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03465-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The emulsifying ability of SA01-OmpA (outer membrane protein A from Acinetobacter sp. SA01) was found to be constrained by challenges like low production efficiency and high costs associated with protein recovery from E. coli inclusion bodies, as described in our previous study. The present study sought to benefit from the advantages of the targeted truncating of SA01-OmpA protein, taking into account the reduced propensity of protein expression as inclusion bodies and cytotoxicity. Here, the structure and activity relationship of two truncated recombinant forms of SA01-OmpA protein was unraveled through a hybrid approach based on experimental data and computational methodologies, representing an innovative bioemulsifier with advantageous emulsifying activity. The recombinant truncated SA01-OmpA variants were cloned and heterologously expressed in E. coli host cells and subsequently purified. The results showed increased emulsifying activity of N-terminally truncated SA01-OmpA (NT-OmpA) compared to full-length SA01-OmpA. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations analysis demonstrated a direct correlation between the C-terminally truncated SA01-OmpA (CT-OmpA) and its expression as inclusion bodies. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship of truncated variants of SA01-OmpA revealed that, compared to the full-length protein, deletion of the β-barrel portion from the N-terminal of SA01-OmpA increased the emulsifying activity of NT-OmpA while lowering its expression as inclusion bodies. Contrary to the full-length protein, the N-terminally truncated SA01-OmpA was not as cytotoxic, according to the MTT assay, FCM analysis, and AO/EB staining. The findings of this extensive study advance our knowledge of SA01-OmpA at the molecular level as well as the design and development of efficient bioemulsifiers.IMPORTANCEPrevious research (Shahryari et al. 2021, mSystems 6: e01175-20) introduced and characterized the SA01-OmpA protein as a multifaceted protein with a variety of functions, including maintaining cellular homeostasis under oxidative stress conditions, biofilm formation, outer membrane vesicles (OMV) biogenesis, and beneficial emulsifying capacity. By truncating the SA01-OmpA protein, the current study presents a unique method for developing protein-type bioemulsifiers. The findings indicate that the N-terminally truncated SA01-OmpA (NT-OmpA) has the potential to fully replace full-length SA01-OmpA as a novel bioemulsifier with significant emulsifying activity. This study opens up a new frontier in bioemulsifiers, shedding light on a possible relationship between the structure and activity of SA01-OmpA truncated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeema Mohseni Sani
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbubeh Talaee
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak Ashoori
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zamani
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali A. Kermani
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hossein Shahbani Zahiri
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - John Presley
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kambiz Akbari Noghabi
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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12
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Mohammadi N, Fayazi Hosseini N, Nemati H, Moradi-Sardareh H, Nabi-Afjadi M, Kardar GA. Revisiting of Properties and Modified Polyethylenimine-Based Cancer Gene Delivery Systems. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:18-39. [PMID: 37394575 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A new era of medical technology in cancer treatment is a directly specific modification of gene expression in tumor cells by nucleic acid delivery. Currently, the main challenge to achieving this goal is to find a non-toxic, safe, and effective strategy for gene transfer to cancer cells. Synthetic composites based on cationic polymers have historically been favored in bioengineering due to their ability to mimic bimolecular structures. Among them, polyethylenimines (PEIs) with superior properties such as a wide range of molecular weight and a flexible structure may propel the development of functional combinations in the biomedical and biomaterial fields. Here, in this review, we will focus on the recent progressions in the formulation optimization of PEI-based polyplex in gene delivery to treat cancer. Also, the effect of PEI's intrinsic characteristics such as structure, molecular weight, and positive charges which influence the gene delivery efficiency will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejad Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nashmin Fayazi Hosseini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nemati
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholam Ali Kardar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Albuquerque LJC, de Oliveira FA, Christoffolete MA, Nascimento-Sales M, Berger S, Wagner E, Lächelt U, Giacomelli FC. Nucleic acid delivery to retinal cells using lipopeptides as a potential tool towards ocular gene therapies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:346-356. [PMID: 37948808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the use of lipopeptides capable to bind to nucleic acids towards plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery. The investigations were particularly focused on arising retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) as motivated by the considerable number of ocular disorders linked to gene aberrations. The lipopeptides comprised the artificial oligoamino acid succinyl-tetraethylene pentamine (Stp) as well as incorporated lysines, histidines, cysteines, fatty acids, and tyrosine trimers. Regardless of the structural differences, the lipopeptides demonstrated to efficiently condense pDNA at nitrogen-to-phosphate molar ratio (N/P) ≥ 6. Spheric nanoparticles were observed by cryo-TEM and dynamic light scattering determined hydrodynamic sizes ranging from 50 to 130 nm. The biological assays evidenced highly efficient pDNA delivery with a lower degree of cytotoxicity compared to the well-known transfecting agent linear polyethylenimine (LPEI). Although more efficient than LPEI, cysteine-containing carriers were demonstrated to be less efficient than the other counterparts possibly due to exceeding polyplex stabilization via disulfide cross links, which could hamper pDNA unpacking at the target site. Therefore, clearly a balance between complex stability and cargo release should be taken into account to optimize the transfection efficiency of the non-viral vectors. The gene transfer activity in ARPE-19 cells suggests the applicability of this kind of carrier for ocular treatments based on retinal gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simone Berger
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNs), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNs), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNs), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fernando C Giacomelli
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil.
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14
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Neary MT, Mulder LM, Kowalski PS, MacLoughlin R, Crean AM, Ryan KB. Nebulised delivery of RNA formulations to the lungs: From aerosol to cytosol. J Control Release 2024; 366:812-833. [PMID: 38101753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade RNA-based therapies such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) have emerged as new and ground-breaking therapeutic agents for the treatment and prevention of many conditions from viral infection to cancer. Most clinically approved RNA therapies are parenterally administered which impacts patient compliance and adds to healthcare costs. Pulmonary administration via inhalation is a non-invasive means to deliver RNA and offers an attractive alternative to injection. Nebulisation is a particularly appealing method due to the capacity to deliver large RNA doses during tidal breathing. In this review, we discuss the unique physiological barriers presented by the lung to efficient nebulised RNA delivery and approaches adopted to circumvent this problem. Additionally, the different types of nebulisers are evaluated from the perspective of their suitability for RNA delivery. Furthermore, we discuss recent preclinical studies involving nebulisation of RNA and analysis in in vitro and in vivo settings. Several studies have also demonstrated the importance of an effective delivery vector in RNA nebulisation therefore we assess the variety of lipid, polymeric and hybrid-based delivery systems utilised to date. We also consider the outlook for nebulised RNA medicinal products and the hurdles which must be overcome for successful clinical translation. In summary, nebulised RNA delivery has demonstrated promising potential for the treatment of several lung-related conditions such as asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis, to which the mode of delivery is of crucial importance for clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Neary
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Piotr S Kowalski
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Abina M Crean
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie B Ryan
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland.
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15
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Marquet F, Hagen H, Stanchieri M, Beinier VS, Grasso G, Danani A, Patrulea V, Borchard G. Clickable polyethyleneimine incorporated into triblock copolymeric micelles as an efficient platform in the delivery of siRNA to NSCLC cells. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123632. [PMID: 38000648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of transfection vectors to cross the endosomal membrane into the cytosol is a central aspect in the development of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. The challenge remains the same: Delivery, Delivery, Delivery. Despite a rational and appropriate construct of triblock polymeric micelles, which could serve as an ideal platform for the co-delivery of siRNAs and hydrophobic anticancer drugs, we show here its inability to properly convey oligonucleotides to their final destination. In order to overcome biological barriers, a linear PEI comprising two orthogonal groups was synthesized, holding an appropriate balance between safety and efficacy. Micellar carriers were then formulated with this polymer to enhance endosomal siRNA release. This chemical technology also addresses the two major challenges to consider when developing novel micellar products for siRNA delivery, namely cytotoxicity of polycations and endosomal escape. Herein, we demonstrate successful release of siRNA using a polymer tailoring strategy combined with a relevant in vitro approach, considering STAT3 as a promising target in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Marquet
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Harry Hagen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Stanchieri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Serre Beinier
- Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gianvito Grasso
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA), University of Italian Switzerland (USI), University of Applied Science and Art of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Polo Universitario Lugano - Campus Est, Via la Santa 1 CH-6962, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Danani
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA), University of Italian Switzerland (USI), University of Applied Science and Art of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Polo Universitario Lugano - Campus Est, Via la Santa 1 CH-6962, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Viorica Patrulea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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16
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Yan B, Hua Y, Wang J, Shao T, Wang S, Gao X, Gao J. Surface Modification Progress for PLGA-Based Cell Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:165. [PMID: 38201830 PMCID: PMC10780542 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biocompatible bio-scaffold material, but its own hydrophobic and electrically neutral surface limits its application as a cell scaffold. Polymer materials, mimics ECM materials, and organic material have often been used as coating materials for PLGA cell scaffolds to improve the poor cell adhesion of PLGA and enhance tissue adaptation. These coating materials can be modified on the PLGA surface via simple physical or chemical methods, and coating multiple materials can simultaneously confer different functions to the PLGA scaffold; not only does this ensure stronger cell adhesion but it also modulates cell behavior and function. This approach to coating could facilitate the production of more PLGA-based cell scaffolds. This review focuses on the PLGA surface-modified materials, methods, and applications, and will provide guidance for PLGA surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (B.Y.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Yabing Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China;
| | - Jinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (B.Y.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Tianjiao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (B.Y.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (B.Y.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (B.Y.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (B.Y.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (S.W.)
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17
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Koch KC, Bizmark TM, Tew GN. Alcohol-containing protein transduction domain mimics. J Control Release 2024; 365:950-956. [PMID: 38065415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The application and design of protein transduction domains (PTDs) and protein transduction domain mimics (PTDMs) have revolutionized the field of biomacromolecule delivery. Our group has previously synthesized block copolymer PTDMs with well-defined hydrophobic and cationic blocks via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). We have optimized the balance of hydrophobicity and cationic density to intracellularly deliver model proteins, active proteins, and antibodies. Despite the presence of serine, threonine, and tyrosine in naturally occurring PTDs, synthetic analogs have yet to be studied in PTDMs. In our present work, we introduce different alcohol groups to our PTDM structures as a new design parameter. A library of nine novel PTDMs were synthesized to incorporate alcohol groups of varying structures and evaluated based on their ability to intracellularly deliver fluorescently labeled antibodies. One PTDM in this novel library, named PTDM4, incorporates alcohol groups in both the hydrophobic and cationic blocks and was found to be the best performing PTDM with almost twice the median fluorescence intensity of the delivered antibody and half the cationic density compared to our positive control, a PTDM thoroughly studied by our group. PTDM4 was further studied by intracellularly delivering the active enzyme, TAT-Cre Recombinase. The activity of TAT-Cre Recombinase delivered by PTDM4 was comparable to that of the positive control, again with half the cationic density. This study is one of the first to examine the effects of alcohol groups on intracellular antibody and active enzyme delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla C Koch
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Tamara M Bizmark
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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18
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He T, Qu Y, Yang X, Liu L, Xiong F, Wang D, Liu M, Sun R. Research progress on the cellular toxicity caused by microplastics and nanoplastics. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1576-1593. [PMID: 36806101 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles of a diameter of less than 5 mm and a major carrier of pollution. In accordance with its diameter range, MPs can be divided into microplastics (100-5 mm) and nanoplastics (<100 nm). In recent years, in addition to the impact of MPs on the environment, the ways in which MPs affect the body has also attracted continuous attention. However, relevant studies on the cytotoxicity of MPs are not comprehensive. Based on the current research, this paper summarizes four main cytotoxic mechanisms of MPs, inducing oxidative stress, damaging cell membrane organelles, inducing immune response, and genotoxicity. Generally, MPs cause cytotoxicity such as oxidative stress, damage to cell membranes and organelles, activation of immune responses, and genotoxicity through mechanical damage or induction of cells to produce reactive oxygen species. Understanding these toxic mechanisms is helpful for the evaluation and prevention of human toxicity of MPs. This paper also analyzes the limitations of current research and prospects for future research into cellular MPs, with the aim of providing a scientific basis and reference for further research into the toxic mechanism of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwei He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Barraza-Vergara LF, Carmona-Sarabia L, Torres-García W, Domenech-García M, Mendez-Vega J, Torres-Lugo M. In vitro assessment of inflammatory skin potential of poly(methyl methacrylate) at non-cytotoxic concentrations. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1822-1832. [PMID: 37589190 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is considered an attractive substrate material for fabricating wearable skin sensors such as fitness bands and microfluidic devices. Despite its widespread use, inflammatory and allergic responses have been attributed to the use of this material. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to obtain a comprehensive understanding of potential biological effects triggered by PMMA at non-cytotoxic concentrations using in vitro models of NIH3T3 fibroblasts and reconstructed human epidermis (RhE). It was hypothesized that concentrations that do not reduce cell viability are sufficient to activate pathways of inflammatory processes in the skin. The study included cytotoxicity, cell metabolism, cytokine quantification, histopathological, and gene expression analyses. The NIH3T3 cell line was used as a testbed for screening cell toxicity levels associated with the concentration of PMMA with different molecular weights (MWs) (i.e., MW ~5,000 and ~15,000 g/mol). The lower MW of PMMA had a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) value of 5.7 mg/cm2 , indicating greater detrimental effects than the higher MW (IC50 = 14.0 mg/cm2 ). Non-cytotoxic concentrations of 3.0 mg/cm2 for MW ~15,000 g/mol and 0.9 mg/cm2 for MW ~5,000 g/mol) induced negative metabolic changes in NIH3T3 cells. Cell viability was severely reduced to 7% after the exposure to degradation by-products generated after thermal and photodegradation degradation of PMMA. PMMA at non-cytotoxic concentrations still induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors (IL1B, CXCL10, CCL5, IL1R1, IL7, IL17A, VEGFA, FGF2, IFNG, IL15) on the RhE model. The inflammatory response was also supported by histopathological and gene expression analyses of PMMA-treated RhE, indicating tissue damage and gene overexpression. Results suggested that non-cytotoxic concentrations of PMMA (3.0 to 5.6 mg/cm2 for MW ~15,000 g/mol and 0.9 to 2.1 mg/cm2 for MW ~5,000 g/mol) were sufficient to negatively alter NIH3T3 cells metabolism and activate inflammatory events in the RhE skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Barraza-Vergara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Lesly Carmona-Sarabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Wandaliz Torres-García
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Maribella Domenech-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Janet Mendez-Vega
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Madeline Torres-Lugo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
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20
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Kaltbeitzel J, Wich PR. Protein-based Nanoparticles: From Drug Delivery to Imaging, Nanocatalysis and Protein Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216097. [PMID: 36917017 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteins and enzymes are versatile biomaterials for a wide range of medical applications due to their high specificity for receptors and substrates, high degradability, low toxicity, and overall good biocompatibility. Protein nanoparticles are formed by the arrangement of several native or modified proteins into nanometer-sized assemblies. In this review, we will focus on artificial nanoparticle systems, where proteins are the main structural element and not just an encapsulated payload. While under natural conditions, only certain proteins form defined aggregates and nanoparticles, chemical modifications or a change in the physical environment can further extend the pool of available building blocks. This allows the assembly of many globular proteins and even enzymes. These advances in preparation methods led to the emergence of new generations of nanosystems that extend beyond transport vehicles to diverse applications, from multifunctional drug delivery to imaging, nanocatalysis and protein therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kaltbeitzel
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter R Wich
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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21
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Ranjbar S, Zhong XB, Manautou J, Lu X. A holistic analysis of the intrinsic and delivery-mediated toxicity of siRNA therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115052. [PMID: 37567502 PMCID: PMC10543595 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are among the most promising therapeutic platforms in many life-threatening diseases. Owing to the significant advances in siRNA design, many challenges in the stability, specificity and delivery of siRNA have been addressed. However, safety concerns and dose-limiting toxicities still stand among the reasons for the failure of clinical trials of potent siRNA therapies, calling for a need of more comprehensive understanding of their potential mechanisms of toxicity. This review delves into the intrinsic and delivery related toxicity mechanisms of siRNA drugs and takes a holistic look at the safety failure of the clinical trials to identify the underlying causes of toxicity. In the end, the current challenges, and potential solutions for the safety assessment and high throughput screening of investigational siRNA and delivery systems as well as considerations for design strategies of safer siRNA therapeutics are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - José Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xiuling Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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22
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Lee J, Kwon YE, Edwards SD, Guim H, Jae Jeong K. Improved biocompatibility of dendrimer-based gene delivery by histidine-modified nuclear localization signals. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123299. [PMID: 37558147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers have been explored as an alternative to polyethylenimine (PEI) as a gene delivery carrier because of their relatively low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. The transfection efficiency of PAMAM dendrimers can be improved by the addition of nuclear localization signal (NLS), a positively charged peptide sequence recognized by cargo proteins in the cytoplasm for nuclear transport. However, increased positive charges from NLS can cause damage to the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes and lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cytotoxicity. This negative effect of NLS can be negated without a significant reduction in transfection efficiency by adding histidine, an essential amino acid known as a natural antioxidant, to NLS. However, little is known about the exact mechanism by which histidine reduces cytotoxicity of NLS-modified dendrimers. In this study, we selected cystamine core PAMAM dendrimer generation 2 (cPG2) and conjugated it with NLS derived from Merkel cell polyomavirus large T antigen and histidine (n = 0-3) to improve transfection efficiency and reduce cytoxicity. NLS-modified cPG2 derivatives showed similar or higher transfection efficiency than PEI 25 kDa in NIH3T3 and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). The cytotoxicity of NLS-modified cPG2 derivatives was substantially lower than PEI 25 kDa and was further reduced as the number of histidine in NLS increased. To understand the mechanism of cytoprotective effect of histidine-conjugated NLS, we examined ROS scavenging, hydroxyl radical generation and mitochondrial membrane potential as a function of the number of histidine in NLS. As the number of hisidine increased, cPG2 scavenged ROS more effectively as evidenced by the hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity (HORAC) assay. This was consistent with the reduced intracellular hydroxyl radical concentration measured by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay in NIH3T3. Finally, fluorescence imaging with JC-1 confirmed that the mitochondrial membranes of NIH 3T3 were well-protected during the transfection when NLS contained histidine. These experimental results confirm the hypothesis that histidine residues scavenge ROS that is generated during the transfection process, preventing the excessive damage to mitochondrial membranes, leading to reduced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeil Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Yong-Eun Kwon
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Seth D Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Hwanuk Guim
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jae Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States.
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23
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Gong J, Nhan J, St-Pierre JP, Gillies ER. Designing polymers for cartilage uptake: effects of architecture and molar mass. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8804-8816. [PMID: 37668597 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01417g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive disease, involving the progressive breakdown of cartilage, as well as changes to the synovium and bone. There are currently no disease-modifying treatments available clinically. An increasing understanding of the disease pathophysiology is leading to new potential therapeutics, but improved approaches are needed to deliver these drugs, particularly to cartilage tissue, which is avascular and contains a dense matrix of collagens and negatively charged aggrecan proteoglycans. Cationic delivery vehicles have been shown to effectively penetrate cartilage, but these studies have thus far largely focused on proteins or nanoparticles, and the effects of macromolecular architectures have not yet been explored. Described here is the synthesis of a small library of polycations composed of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide (APMA) with linear, 4-arm, or 8-arm structures and varying degrees of polymerization (DP) by reversible addition fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Uptake and retention of the polycations in bovine articular cartilage was assessed. While all polycations penetrated cartilage, uptake and retention generally increased with DP before decreasing for the highest DP. In addition, uptake and retention were higher for the linear polycations compared to the 4-arm and 8-arm polycations. In general, the polycations were well tolerated by bovine chondrocytes, but the highest DP polycations imparted greater cytotoxicity. Overall, this study reveals that linear polymer architectures may be more favorable for binding to the cartilage matrix and that the DP can be tuned to maximize uptake while minimizing cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Jordan Nhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
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24
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Ding Y, Koda Y, Shashni B, Takeda N, Zhang X, Tanaka N, Nishikawa Y, Nagasaki Y. An orally deliverable ornithine-based self-assembling polymer nanomedicine ameliorates hyperammonemia in acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:515-528. [PMID: 37433359 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
l-Ornithine (Orn) is a core amino acid responsible for ammonia detoxification in the body via the hepatic urea cycle. Clinical studies in Orn therapy have focused on interventions for hyperammonemia-associated diseases, such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a life-threatening neurological symptom affecting more than 80% of patients with liver cirrhosis. However, its low molecular weight (LMW) causes Orn to diffuse nonspecifically and be rapidly eliminated from the body after oral administration, resulting in unfavorable therapeutic efficacy. Hence, Orn is constantly supplied by intravenous infusion in many clinical settings; however, this treatment inevitably decreases patient compliance and limits its application in long-term management. To improve the performance of Orn, we designed self-assembling polyOrn-based nanoparticles for oral administration through ring-opening polymerization of Orn-N-carboxy anhydride initiated with amino-ended poly(ethylene glycol), followed by acylation of free amino groups in the main chain of the polyOrn segment. The obtained amphiphilic block copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyOrn(acyl) (PEG-block-POrn(acyl)), enabled the formation of stable nanoparticles (NanoOrn(acyl)) in aqueous media. We employed the isobutyryl (iBu) group for acyl derivatization in this study (NanoOrn(iBu)). In the healthy mice, daily oral administration of NanoOrn(iBu) for one week did not induce any abnormalities. In the mice exhibiting acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury, oral pretreatment with NanoOrn(iBu) effectively reduced systemic ammonia and transaminases levels compared to the LMW Orn and untreated groups. The results suggest that the application of NanoOrn(iBu) is of significant clinical value with the feasibility of oral delivery and improvement in APAP-induced hepatic pathogenesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Liver injury is often accompanied by hyperammonemia, a life-threatening condition characterized by elevated blood ammonia levels. Current clinical treatments for reducing ammonia typically entail the invasive approach of intravenous infusion, involving the administration of l-ornithine (Orn) or a combination of Orn and L-aspartate. This method is employed due to the poor pharmacokinetics associated with these compounds. In our pursuit of enhancing therapy, we have developed an orally administrable nanomedicine based on Orn-based self-assembling nanoparticle (NanoOrn(iBu)), which provides sustained Orn supply to the injured liver. Oral administration of NanoOrn(iBu) to healthy mice did not cause any toxic effects. In a mouse model of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, oral administration of NanoOrn(iBu) surpassed Orn in reducing systemic ammonia levels and liver damage, thereby establishing NanoOrn(iBu) as a safe and effective therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yuta Koda
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Babita Shashni
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Naoki Takeda
- Department of Global Medical Research Promotion, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Global Medical Research Promotion, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 1 Chome-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi 2 Jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Center for Research in Radiation, Isotope and Earth System Sciences (CRiES), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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25
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Haktaniyan M, Sharma R, Bradley M. Size-Controlled Ammonium-Based Homopolymers as Broad-Spectrum Antibacterials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1320. [PMID: 37627740 PMCID: PMC10452032 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium group containing polymers possess inherent antimicrobial properties, effectively eliminating or preventing infections caused by harmful microorganisms. Here, homopolymers based on monomers containing ammonium groups were synthesized via Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) and evaluated as potential antibacterial agents. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive (M. luteus and B. subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and S. typhimurium). Three polymers, poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride), and poly(vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride), were examined to explore the effect of molecular weight (10 kDa, 20 kDa, and 40 kDa) on their antimicrobial activity and toxicity to mammalian cells. The mechanisms of action of the polymers were investigated with dye-based assays, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed collapsed and fused bacterial morphologies due to the interactions between the polymers and components of the bacterial cell envelope, with some polymers proving to be bactericidal and others bacteriostatic, while being non-hemolytic. Among all the homopolymers, the most active, non-Gram-specific polymer was poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride), with a molecular weight of 40 kDa, with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 16 and 64 µg/mL, showing a bactericidal mode of action mediated by disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane. This homopolymer could be useful in biomedical applications such as surface dressings and in areas such as eye infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Haktaniyan
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK; (M.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Richa Sharma
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK; (M.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK; (M.H.); (R.S.)
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, Empire House, London E1 1HH, UK
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26
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Sedek EM, Kamoun EA, El-Deeb NM, Abdelkader S, Fahmy AE, Nouh SR, Khalil NM. Photocrosslinkable gelatin-treated dentin matrix hydrogel as a novel pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration: I. synthesis, characterizations and grafting optimization. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:536. [PMID: 37542230 PMCID: PMC10401831 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, treated dentin matrix (TDM) has been introduced as a bioactive hydrogel for dentin regeneration in DPC. However, no study has introduced TDM as a photocrosslinkable hydrogel with a natural photoinitiating system. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the synthesis, characterizations and grafting optimization of injectable gelatin- glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)/TDM hydrogels as a novel photocrosslinkable pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration. METHODS G-GMA/TDM hydrogel was photocrosslinked using a new two-component photoinitiating system composed of riboflavin as a photoinitiator under visible light and glycine as a first time coinitiator with riboflavin. The grafting reaction conditions of G-GMA/TDM e.g. GMA concentration and reaction time were optimized. The kinetic parameters e.g. grafting efficiency (GE) and grafting percentage (GP%) were calculated to optimize the grafting reaction, while yield (%) was determined to monitor the formation of the hydrogel. Moreover, G-GMA/TDM hydrogels were characterized by swelling ratio, degradation degree, and cytotoxicity. The instrumental characterizations e.g. FTIR, 1H-NMR, SEM and TGA, were investigated for verifying the grafting reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using F test (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Test (P = 0.05). RESULTS The grafting reaction dramatically increased with an increase of both GMA concentration and reaction time. It was realized that the swelling degree and degradation rate of G-GMA/TDM hydrogels were significantly reduced by increasing the GMA concentration and prolonging the reaction time. When compared to the safe low and moderate GMA content hydrogels (0.048, 0.097 M) and shorter reaction times (6, 12, 24 h), G-GMA/TDM with high GMA contents (0.195, 0.391 M) and a prolonged reaction time (48 h) demonstrated cytotoxic effects against cells using the MTT assay. Also, the morphological surface of G-GMA/TDM freeze-dried gels was found more compacted, smooth and uniform due to the grafting process. Significant thermal stability was noticed due to the grafting reaction of G-GMA/TDM throughout the TGA results. CONCLUSIONS G-GMA/TDM composite hydrogel formed by the riboflavin/glycine photoinitiating system is a potential bioactive and biocompatible system for in-situ crosslinking the activated-light pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Sedek
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St., Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Elbadawy A Kamoun
- Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shreouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal M El-Deeb
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City, Alexandria, New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
| | - Sally Abdelkader
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St., Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal E Fahmy
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St., Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samir R Nouh
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nesma Mohamed Khalil
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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27
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Uchida S, Lau CYJ, Oba M, Miyata K. Polyplex designs for improving the stability and safety of RNA therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114972. [PMID: 37364611 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based delivery systems have contributed to the recent clinical success of RNA therapeutics, including siRNA and mRNA. RNA delivery using polymers has several distinct properties, such as enabling RNA delivery into extra-hepatic organs, modulation of immune responses to RNA, and regulation of intracellular RNA release. However, delivery systems should overcome safety and stability issues to achieve widespread therapeutic applications. Safety concerns include direct damage to cellular components, innate and adaptive immune responses, complement activation, and interaction with surrounding molecules and cells in the blood circulation. The stability of the delivery systems should balance extracellular RNA protection and controlled intracellular RNA release, which requires optimization for each RNA species. Further, polymer designs for improving safety and stability often conflict with each other. This review covers advances in polymer-based approaches to address these issues over several years, focusing on biological understanding and design concepts for delivery systems rather than material chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Uchida
- Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan; Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Chun Yin Jerry Lau
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Makoto Oba
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan
| | - Kanjiro Miyata
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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28
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Tymecka M, Hac-Wydro K, Obloza M, Bonarek P, Kaminski K. The Use of a Barley-Based Well to Define Cationic Betaglucan to Study Mammalian Cell Toxicity Associated with Interactions with Biological Structures. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2009. [PMID: 37514195 PMCID: PMC10385077 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15072009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Among potential macromolecule-based pharmaceuticals, polycations seem particularly interesting due to their proven antimicrobial properties and use as vectors in gene therapy. This makes an understanding of the mechanisms of these molecules' interaction with living structures important, so the goal of this paper was to propose and carry out experiments that will allow us to characterize these phenomena. Of particular importance is the question of toxicity of such structures to mammalian cells and, in the work presented here, two lines, normal fibroblasts 3T3-L1 and A549 lung cancer, were used to determine this. In this work, three well-defined cationic derivatives of barley-derived betaglucans obtained in a reaction with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (BBGGTMAC) with different degrees of cationization (50, 70, and 100% per one glucose unit) and electrostatic charge were studied. The studies address interactions of these polymers with proteins (bovine serum proteins and BSA), nucleic acids (DNA), glycosaminoglycans (heparin), and biological membranes. The results described in this study make it possible to indicate that toxicity is most strongly influenced by interactions with biological membranes and is closely related to the electrostatic charge of the macromolecule. The presentation of this observation was the goal of this publication. This paper also shows, using fluorescently labeled variants of polymers, the penetration and impact on cell structure (only for the polymer with the highest substitution binding to cell membranes is observed) by using confocal and SEM (for the polymer with the highest degree of substitution, and the appearance of additional structures on the surface of the cell membrane is observed). The labeled polymers are also tools used together with dynamic light scattering and calorimetric titration to study their interaction with other biopolymers. As for the interactions with biological membranes, lipid Langmuir monolayers as model membrane systems were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Tymecka
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hac-Wydro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Obloza
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Bonarek
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Kaminski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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29
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Huang J, Lin G, Juenke T, Chung S, Lai N, Zhang T, Zhang T, Zhang M. Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Mediated mRNA Delivery to Hard-to-Transfect Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1946. [PMID: 37514132 PMCID: PMC10384052 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, the effective delivery of mRNA into hard-to-transfect cancer cells remains a significant challenge. This study introduces a novel approach that utilizes iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized through a layer-by-layer (LbL) method for safe and efficient mRNA delivery. The developed NPs consist of an iron oxide core modified with a thin charge-bearing layer, an mRNA middle layer, and an outer layer composed of perfluorinated polyethyleneimine with heparin (PPH), which facilitates efficient mRNA delivery. Through a comparative analysis of four nanoparticle delivery formulations, we investigated the effects of the iron oxide core's surface chemistry and surface charge on mRNA complexation, cellular uptake, and mRNA release. We identified an optimal and effective mRNA delivery platform, namely, (IOCCP)-mRNA-PPH, capable of transporting mRNA into various hard-to-transfect cancer cell lines in vitro. The (IOCCP)-mRNA-PPH formulation demonstrated significant enhancements in cellular internalization of mRNA, facilitated endosomal escape, enabled easy mRNA release, and exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that (IOCCP)-mRNA-PPH holds great promise as a solution for mRNA therapy against hard-to-transfect cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Guanyou Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Taylor Juenke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Seokhwan Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicholas Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tianxin Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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30
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Jurko L, Makuc D, Štern A, Plavec J, Žegura B, Bošković P, Kargl R. Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Efficacy of Betaine- and Choline-Substituted Polymers. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:5270-5279. [PMID: 37469879 PMCID: PMC10353005 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cationic charge has been widely used to increase polymer adsorption and flocculation of dispersions or to provide antimicrobial activity. In this work, cationization of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was achieved by covalently coupling betaine hydrochloride and choline chloride to the polymer backbones through carbonyl diimidazole (CDI) activation. Two approaches for activation were investigated. CDI in excess was used to activate the polymers' hydroxyls followed by carbonate formation with choline chloride, or CDI was used to activate betaine hydrochloride, followed by ester formation with the polymers' hydroxyls. The first approach led to a more significant cross-linking of PVA, but not of HEC, and the second approach successfully formed ester bonds. Cationic, nitrogen-bearing materials with varying degrees of substitution were obtained in moderate to high yields. These materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, polyelectrolyte titration, and kaolin flocculation. Their dose-dependent effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and L929 mouse fibroblasts, was investigated. Significant differences were found between the choline- and betaine-containing polymers, and especially, the choline carbonate esters of HEC strongly inhibited the growth of S. aureus in vitro but were also cytotoxic to fibroblasts. Fibroblast cytotoxicity was also observed for betaine esters of PVA but not for those of HEC. The materials could potentially be used as antimicrobial agents for instance by coating surfaces, but more investigations into the interaction between cells and polysaccharides are necessary to clarify why and how bacterial and human cells are inhibited or killed by these derivatives, especially those containing choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Jurko
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Makuc
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alja Štern
- Department
of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST
Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department
of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Perica Bošković
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Split, Rud̵era Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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31
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Ren Q, Wang L, Qian W, Chen B, Shuai Q, Yan Y. Flash Nanoprecipitation Fabrication of PEI@Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Hybrid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300085. [PMID: 37087721 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising approach for disease treatments. But the development of safe and effective delivery carriers remains a major challenge. Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (NPs), with the integration of functions from distinct materials, show great potential in small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. Herein, pH responsive amorphous calcium carbonate NPs (ACC NPs) are prepared using flash nanoprecipitation and hybrid NPs are constructed by coating ACC NPs with polyethyleneimine (PEI) for efficient siRNA delivery. PEI/ACC NPs show robust pH responsiveness and stability as well as effective siRNA loading and protection. Furthermore, siRNA-loaded PEI/ACC NPs demonstrate enhanced cellular uptake and efficient endosomal escape, mediating improved siRNA delivery compared to pure PEI. These findings suggest that PEI/ACC NPs may have great potential in siRNA delivery for RNAi-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wenfei Qian
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Baiqiu Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qi Shuai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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32
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Skóra M, Obłoza M, Tymecka M, Kalaska B, Gurgul M, Kamiński K. Studies on Antifungal Properties of Methacrylamido Propyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride Polycations and Their Toxicity In Vitro. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0084423. [PMID: 37166300 PMCID: PMC10269872 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00844-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of polycations is usually associated with their biocidal properties. Their antibacterial features are well known, but in this work, observations on the antifungal properties of macromolecules obtained by methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) polymerization are presented. The results, not previously reported, make it possible to correlate antifungal properties directly with the structure of the macromolecule, in particular the molecular mass. The polymers described here have antifungal activity against some filamentous fungi. The strongest effect occurs for polymers with a mass of about 0.5 mDa which have confirmed activity against the multidrug-resistant species Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium solani, as well as the dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, and Trichophyton tonsurans. In addition, this publication describes the effects of these macromolecular systems on serum and blood components and provides a preliminary assessment of toxicity on cell lines of skin-forming cells, i.e., fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Additionally, using a Franz diffusion chamber, a negligibly low transport of the active polymer through the skin was demonstrated, which is a desirable effect for externally applied antifungal drugs. IMPORTANCE Infectious diseases are a very big medical, social, and economic problem. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, certain infections were among of the most common causes of death. The difficulties in the treatment of infectious diseases concern in particular fungal diseases, against which we have only a few classes of drugs represented by a few substances. The publication presents the preliminary results of the in vitro antifungal activity studies of four MAPTAC polymers on different fungal species and their cytotoxicity to human cells (fibroblasts and keratinocytes). The paper also compares these properties with analogous ones of two commonly used antifungal drugs, ciclopirox and terbinafine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Skóra
- Department of Infections Control and Mycology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Tymecka
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Kamil Kamiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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Lehot V, Neuberg P, Ripoll M, Daubeuf F, Erb S, Dovgan I, Ursuegui S, Cianférani S, Kichler A, Chaubet G, Wagner A. Targeted Anticancer Agent with Original Mode of Action Prepared by Supramolecular Assembly of Antibody Oligonucleotide Conjugates and Cationic Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1643. [PMID: 37376091 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their clinical success, Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are still limited to the delivery of a handful of cytotoxic small-molecule payloads. Adaptation of this successful format to the delivery of alternative types of cytotoxic payloads is of high interest in the search for novel anticancer treatments. Herein, we considered that the inherent toxicity of cationic nanoparticles (cNP), which limits their use as oligonucleotide delivery systems, could be turned into an opportunity to access a new family of toxic payloads. We complexed anti-HER2 antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates (AOC) with cytotoxic cationic polydiacetylenic micelles to obtain Antibody-Toxic-Nanoparticles Conjugates (ATNPs) and studied their physicochemical properties, as well as their bioactivity in both in vitro and in vivo HER2 models. After optimising their AOC/cNP ratio, the small (73 nm) HER2-targeting ATNPs were found to selectively kill antigen-positive SKBR-2 cells over antigen-negative MDA-MB-231 cells in serum-containing medium. Further in vivo anti-cancer activity was demonstrated in an SKBR-3 tumour xenograft model in BALB/c mice in which stable 60% tumour regression could be observed just after two injections of 45 pmol of ATNP. These results open interesting prospects in the use of such cationic nanoparticles as payloads for ADC-like strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lehot
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Patrick Neuberg
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Manon Ripoll
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - François Daubeuf
- UAR3286, Plate-Forme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg, ESBS, CNRS-Strasbourg University, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Stéphane Erb
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Igor Dovgan
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Sylvain Ursuegui
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Antoine Kichler
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Guilhem Chaubet
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Alain Wagner
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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34
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Râpă M, Darie-Niță RN, Matei E, Predescu AM, Berbecaru AC, Predescu C. Insights into Anthropogenic Micro- and Nanoplastic Accumulation in Drinking Water Sources and Their Potential Effects on Human Health. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112425. [PMID: 37299225 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are ubiquitous pollutants found in aquatic, food, soil and air environments. Recently, drinking water for human consumption has been considered a significant pathway for ingestion of such plastic pollutants. Most of the analytical methods developed for detection and identification of MPs have been established for particles with sizes > 10 μm, but new analytical approaches are required to identify NPs below 1 μm. This review aims to evaluate the most recent information on the release of MPs and NPs in water sources intended for human consumption, specifically tap water and commercial bottled water. The potential effects on human health of dermal exposure, inhalation, and ingestion of these particles were examined. Emerging technologies used to remove MPs and/or NPs from drinking water sources and their advantages and limitations were also assessed. The main findings showed that the MPs with sizes > 10 μm were completely removed from drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). The smallest NP identified using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC/MS) had a diameter of 58 nm. Contamination with MPs/NPs can occur during the distribution of tap water to consumers, as well as when opening and closing screw caps of bottled water or when using recycled plastic or glass bottles for drinking water. In conclusion, this comprehensive study emphasizes the importance of a unified approach to detect MPs and NPs in drinking water, as well as raising the awareness of regulators, policymakers and the public about the impact of these pollutants, which pose a human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Râpă
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Nicoleta Darie-Niță
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Matei
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andra-Mihaela Predescu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei-Constantin Berbecaru
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Predescu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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Kubczak M, Grodzicka M, Michlewska S, Karimov M, Ewe A, Aigner A, Bryszewska M, Ionov M. The effect of novel tyrosine-modified polyethyleneimines on human albumin structure - Thermodynamic and spectroscopic study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 227:113359. [PMID: 37209597 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of proteins with nanoparticle components are crucial for the evaluation of nanoparticle function, toxicity and biodistribution. Polyethyleneimines (PEIs) with defined tyrosine modifications are a class of novel polymers designed for improved siRNA delivery. Their interactions with biomacromolecules are still poorly described. This paper analyzes the interaction of different tyrosine-modified PEIs with human serum albumin as the most abundant serum protein. The ability of tyrosine modified, linear or branched PEIs to bind human serum albumin (HSA) was analyzed and further characterized. The interaction with hydrophobic parts of protein were studied using 1- nilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) and changes in the HSA secondary structure were evaluated using circular dichroism (CD). Complex formation and sizes were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering methods (DLS). We demonstrate that tyrosine modified PEIs are able to bind human serum albumin. Based on thermodynamic studies, van der Waals interaction, H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions are determined as main molecular forces involved in complex formation. Analysis of secondary structures revealed that the polymers decreased α-helix content, while increasing levels of randomly folded structures. Complex formation was confirmed by TEM and DLS. These findings are crucial for understanding polymer-protein interactions and the properties of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kubczak
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland, PomorskaStr. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marika Grodzicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland, PomorskaStr. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; BioMedChem Doctoral School of the UL and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Science, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland, PomorskaStr. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael Karimov
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland, PomorskaStr. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland, PomorskaStr. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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36
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de Oliveira FA, Albuquerque LJC, Nascimento-Sales M, Christoffolete MA, Bellettini IC, Giacomelli FC. Balancing gene transfection and cytotoxicity of nucleic acid carriers with focus on ocular and hepatic disorders: evaluation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polyethyleneimine derivatives. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:4556-4571. [PMID: 37161773 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00477e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyethyleneimine (PEI) derivatives substituted by lactose, succinic acid or alkyl domains were evaluated as nonviral gene delivery vectors towards balancing gene transfection and cytotoxicity. The investigations were focused on pDNA transfection into arising retinal pigment epithelia (ARPE-19) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. The first mentioned cell line was chosen as motivated by the non-negligible number of ocular disorders linked to gene aberrations, whereas the second one is a cell line overexpressing the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R), which can bind to galactose residues. The presence of short alkyl domains (C4 and C6), and particularly the succinylation of the PEI chains, improved the biological outputs of the gene vectors. The presence of hydrophobic units possibly enhances lytic activity, whereas the incorporation of succinic acid slightly reduces polymer-DNA interaction strength, thereby enabling more efficient intracellular unpacking and cargo release. Succinylation is also supposed to decrease cytotoxicity and avoid protein adsorption to the polyplexes. The presence of long carbon chains (for instance, C12) nevertheless, results in higher levels of cytotoxicity and respective lower transfection rates. The sugar-decorated polyplexes are overall less cytotoxic, but the presence of lactose moieties also leads to larger polyplexes and notably weak polymer-DNA binding, which compromise the transfection efficiency. Yet, along with the presence of short lytic alkyl domains, the double-substitution of PEI synergistically boosts gene transfection probably due to the uptake of higher DNA and polymer amounts without cell damage. Overall, the experimental data suggest that ocular and hepatic gene therapies may be potentialized by fine-tuning the hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic balance, and succinic acid is a favorable motif for the modification of PEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A de Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Ismael C Bellettini
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Educação, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Giacomelli
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil.
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37
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Pachla J, Kopiasz RJ, Marek G, Tomaszewski W, Głogowska A, Drężek K, Kowalczyk S, Podgórski R, Butruk-Raszeja B, Ciach T, Mierzejewska J, Plichta A, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Jańczewski D. Polytrimethylenimines: Highly Potent Antibacterial Agents with Activity and Toxicity Modulated by the Polymer Molecular Weight. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:2237-2249. [PMID: 37093622 PMCID: PMC10170506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have been extensively investigated as a potential replacement for traditional antibiotics. Here, we examined the effect of molecular weight (MW) on the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and hemolytic activity of linear polytrimethylenimine (L-PTMI). The results indicate that the biological activity of the polymer sharply increases as MW increases. Thanks to a different position of the antibacterial activity and toxicity thresholds, tuning the MW of PTMI allows one to achieve a therapeutic window between antimicrobial activity and toxicity concentrations. L-PTMI presents significantly higher antimicrobial activity against model microorganisms than linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI) when polymers with a similar number of repeating units are compared. For the derivatives of L-PTMI and L-PEI, obtained through N-monomethylation and partial N,N-dimethylation of linear polyamines, the antimicrobial activity and toxicity were both reduced; however, resulting selectivity indices were higher. Selected materials were tested against clinical isolates of pathogens from the ESKAPE group and Mycobacteria, revealing good antibacterial properties of L-PTMI against antibiotic-resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but limited antibacterial properties against Mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Pachla
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał J Kopiasz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Marek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Tomaszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Głogowska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Drężek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Podgórski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Butruk-Raszeja
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Mierzejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Plichta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Jańczewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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38
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Chen XJ, Huang MY, Wangkahart E, Cai J, Huang Y, Jian JC, Wang B. Immune response and protective efficacy of mannosylated polyethylenimine (PEI) as an antigen delivery vector, administered with a Streptococcus agalactiae DNA vaccine in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108684. [PMID: 36921882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of a DNA vaccine for S. agalactiae that was delivered by mannose-based polyethyleneimine (Man-PEI). The results showed that Man-PEI/pcDNA-Sip stimulated a higher serum antibody titer compared to control or other vaccine groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, it induced higher expression of immune-related genes, and increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP). Furthermore, the Man-PEI/pcDNA-Sip group showed an improved relative percent survival (RPS) of 85.71%. These results demonstrate the potential value of Man-PEI as a vaccine delivery vehicle, and suggest that it can be effective in boosting the immune protective rate induced by pcDNA-Sip vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jin Chen
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Man-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Jia Cai
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524002, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524002, PR China
| | - Ji-Chang Jian
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524002, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524002, PR China.
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39
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Shtykalova S, Deviatkin D, Freund S, Egorova A, Kiselev A. Non-Viral Carriers for Nucleic Acids Delivery: Fundamentals and Current Applications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:903. [PMID: 37109432 PMCID: PMC10142071 DOI: 10.3390/life13040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, non-viral DNA and RNA delivery systems have been intensively studied as an alternative to viral vectors. Despite the most significant advantage over viruses, such as the lack of immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, the widespread use of non-viral carriers in clinical practice is still limited due to the insufficient efficacy associated with the difficulties of overcoming extracellular and intracellular barriers. Overcoming barriers by non-viral carriers is facilitated by their chemical structure, surface charge, as well as developed modifications. Currently, there are many different forms of non-viral carriers for various applications. This review aimed to summarize recent developments based on the essential requirements for non-viral carriers for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Shtykalova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Deviatkin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Freund
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Egorova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton Kiselev
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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40
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Saeki R, Kobayashi S, Shimazui R, Nii T, Kishimura A, Mori T, Tanaka M, Katayama Y. Characterization of polypropyleneimine as an alternative transfection reagent. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1015-1020. [PMID: 36859695 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Polypropyleneimine (PPI) was examined as a transfection reagent comparing with most widely used polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI). PPI had better responsiveness to the endosomal pH and showed more condensation ability of plasmid DNA than PEI. Although the cytotoxicity of PPI was somewhat higher than PEI, the transfection efficacy of PPI was comparable with PEI or higher than PEI in some cell line. Thus, PPI would be an alternative transfection reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Saeki
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Build. CE41, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rena Shimazui
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Teruki Nii
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Build. CE41, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li, Taoyuan City, 32023 ROC, Taiwan.
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41
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Xiu K, Zhang J, Xu J, Chen YE, Ma PX. Recent progress in polymeric gene vectors: Delivery mechanisms, molecular designs, and applications. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011313. [PMID: 37008888 PMCID: PMC10062053 DOI: 10.1063/5.0123664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy and gene delivery have drawn extensive attention in recent years especially when the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were developed to prevent severe symptoms caused by the corona virus. Delivering genes, such as DNA and RNA into cells, is the crucial step for successful gene therapy and remains a bottleneck. To address this issue, vehicles (vectors) that can load and deliver genes into cells are developed, including viral and non-viral vectors. Although viral gene vectors have considerable transfection efficiency and lipid-based gene vectors become popular since the application of COVID-19 vaccines, their potential issues including immunologic and biological safety concerns limited their applications. Alternatively, polymeric gene vectors are safer, cheaper, and more versatile compared to viral and lipid-based vectors. In recent years, various polymeric gene vectors with well-designed molecules were developed, achieving either high transfection efficiency or showing advantages in certain applications. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in polymeric gene vectors including the transfection mechanisms, molecular designs, and biomedical applications. Commercially available polymeric gene vectors/reagents are also introduced. Researchers in this field have never stopped seeking safe and efficient polymeric gene vectors via rational molecular designs and biomedical evaluations. The achievements in recent years have significantly accelerated the progress of polymeric gene vectors toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemao Xiu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter X. Ma
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: (734) 764-2209
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Yang W, Mixich L, Boonstra E, Cabral H. Polymer-Based mRNA Delivery Strategies for Advanced Therapies. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2202688. [PMID: 36785927 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapies offer great promise for the treatment of a variety of diseases. In 2020, two FDA approvals of mRNA-based vaccines have elevated mRNA vaccines to global recognition. However, the therapeutic capabilities of mRNA extend far beyond vaccines against infectious diseases. They hold potential for cancer vaccines, protein replacement therapies, gene editing therapies, and immunotherapies. For realizing such advanced therapies, it is crucial to develop effective carrier systems. Recent advances in materials science have led to the development of promising nonviral mRNA delivery systems. In comparison to other carriers like lipid nanoparticles, polymer-based delivery systems often receive less attention, despite their unique ability to carefully tune their chemical features to promote mRNA protection, their favorable pharmacokinetics, and their potential for targeting delivery. In this review, the central features of polymer-based systems for mRNA delivery highlighting the molecular design criteria, stability, and biodistribution are discussed. Finally, the role of targeting ligands for the future of RNA therapies is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Lucas Mixich
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Eger Boonstra
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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43
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Amer Cid Í, Van Daele L, Dubruel P, Neyts K, Strubbe F. Single-particle electrophoresis for studying the adsorption of cationic polymers onto anionic particles. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:417-430. [PMID: 36412554 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the adsorption of polymers onto particles is crucial for many technological and biomedical applications. Even though polymer adsorption on particles is a dynamic process, most experimental techniques can only study the adsorption indirectly, in equilibrium and on the ensemble level. New analysis methods are required to overcome these limitations. We investigated the use of single-particle electrophoresis to study the adsorption kinetics of cationic polymers onto anionic particles and compared the resulting data to a theoretical model. In this approach, the electrophoretic mobility of single polystyrene (PS) particles, exposed to different concentrations of poly(2-guanidinoethyl methacrylate), was measured as a function of time. The polymer adsorption leads to an electrophoretic mobility change of the PS particle over time, from the initial negative value to a positive value at equilibrium. By fitting the kinetics data to the Langmuir model, the adsorption rate, desorption rate and equilibrium constant were determined. Finally, the adsorption kinetics of several other polymers was investigated. This showed that the presented technique enables direct analysis and comparison of the kinetics of polymer adsorption on the single-particle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íngrid Amer Cid
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lenny Van Daele
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials (PBM) research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials (PBM) research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristiaan Neyts
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Strubbe
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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44
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Correia JS, Mirón-Barroso S, Hutchings C, Ottaviani S, Somuncuoğlu B, Castellano L, Porter AE, Krell J, Georgiou TK. How does the polymer architecture and position of cationic charges affect cell viability? Polym Chem 2023; 14:303-317. [PMID: 36760606 PMCID: PMC9846193 DOI: 10.1039/d2py01012g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer chemistry, composition and molar mass are factors that are known to affect cytotoxicity, however the influence of polymer architecture has not been investigated systematically. In this study the influence of the position of the cationic charges along the polymer chain on cytotoxicity was investigated while keeping constant the other polymer characteristics. Specifically, copolymers of various architectures, based on a cationic pH responsive monomer, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and a non-ionic hydrophilic monomer, oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) were engineered and their toxicity towards a panel of cell lines investigated. Of the seven different polymer architectures examined, the block-like structures were less cytotoxic than statistical or gradient/tapered architectures. These findings will assist in developing future vectors for nucleic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Ottaviani
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG11 8NSUK,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM)London W12 0NNUK
| | | | - Leandro Castellano
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM)London W12 0NNUK,School of Life Sciences, John Maynard Smith Building, University of SussexBrightonUK
| | | | - Jonathan Krell
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College LondonUK
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Pinto IS, Cordeiro RA, Faneca H. Polymer- and lipid-based gene delivery technology for CAR T cell therapy. J Control Release 2023; 353:196-215. [PMID: 36423871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T cell) therapy is a revolutionary approach approved by the FDA and EMA to treat B cell malignancies and multiple myeloma. The production of these T cells has been done through viral vectors, which come with safety concerns, high cost and production challenges, and more recently also through electroporation, which can be extremely cytotoxic. In this context, nanosystems can constitute an alternative to overcome the challenges associated with current methods, resulting in a safe and cost-effective platform. However, the barriers associated with T cells transfection show that the design and engineering of novel approaches in this field are highly imperative. Here, we present an overview from CAR constitution to transfection technologies used in T cells, highlighting the lipid- and polymer-based nanoparticles as a potential delivery platform. Specifically, we provide examples, strengths and weaknesses of nanosystem formulations, and advances in nanoparticle design to improve transfection of T cells. This review will guide the researchers in the design and development of novel nanosystems for next-generation CAR T therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês S Pinto
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Agra do Castro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosemeyre A Cordeiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Faneca
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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46
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Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Cationic Polymers on Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:jfb14010017. [PMID: 36662064 PMCID: PMC9862959 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic polymers such as polyethylenimine (PEI) have found a pervasive place in laboratories across the world as gene delivery agents. However, their applications are not limited to this role, having found a place as delivery agents for drugs, in complexes known as polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs). Yet a potentially underexplored domain of research is in their inherent potential as anti-cancer therapeutic agents, which has been indicated by several studies. Even more interesting is the recent observation that certain polycations may present a significantly greater toxicity towards the clinically important cancer stem cell (CSC) niche than towards more differentiated bulk tumour cells. These cells, which possess the stem-like characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation, are highly implicated in cancer drug resistance, tumour recurrence and poor clinical prognosis. The search for compounds which may target and eliminate these cells is thus of great research interest. As such, the observation in our previous study on a PEI-based PDC which showed a considerably higher toxicity of PEI towards glioblastoma CSCs (GSCs) than on more differentiated glioma (U87) cells led us to investigate other cationic polymers for a similar effect. The evaluation of the toxicity of a range of different types of polycations, and an investigation into the potential source of GSC's sensitivity to such compounds is thus described.
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47
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Lee D, Kwak G, Johnson TV, Suk JS. Formulation and Evaluation of Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Intravitreal Gene-Delivery Applications. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e607. [PMID: 36469609 PMCID: PMC9731353 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of the first-ever retinal gene therapy product, involving subretinal administration of a virus-based gene delivery platform, has garnered hope that this state-of-the-art therapeutic modality may benefit a broad spectrum of patients with diverse retinal disorders. On the other hand, clinical studies have revealed limitations of the applied delivery strategy that may restrict its universal use. To this end, intravitreal administration of synthetic gene-delivery platforms, such as polymer-based nanoparticles (PNPs), has emerged as an attractive alternative to the current mainstay. To achieve success, however, it is imperative that synthetic platforms overcome key biological barriers in human eyes encountered following intravitreal administration, including the vitreous gel and inner limiting membrane (ILM). Here, we introduce a series of experiments, from the fabrication of PNPs to a comprehensive evaluation in relevant experimental models, to determine whether PNPs overcome these barriers and efficiently deliver therapeutic gene payloads to retinal cells. We conclude the article by discussing a few important considerations for successful implementation of the strategy. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation and characterization of PNPs Basic Protocol 2: Evaluation of in vitro transfection efficacy Basic Protocol 3: Evaluation of PNP diffusion in vitreous gel Basic Protocol 4: Ex vivo assessment of PNP penetration within vitreoretinal explant culture Basic Protocol 5: Assessment of in vivo transgene expression mediated by intravitreally administered PNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiheon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Gijung Kwak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Thomas V. Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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48
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Kim S, Choi Y, Kim K. Coacervate-mediated novel pancreatic cancer drug Aleuria Aurantia lectin delivery for augmented anticancer therapy. Biomater Res 2022; 26:35. [PMID: 35869562 PMCID: PMC9308356 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer, one of the cancers with the highest mortality rate, has very limited clinical treatment. Cancer cells express abnormal glycans on the surface, and some lectins with a high affinity for the glycans induce apoptosis in cancer. In this study, the efficacy of Aleuria Aurantia lectin (AAL) for the treatment of pancreatic cancer was evaluated and the efficacy improvement through AAL delivery with mPEGylated coacervate (mPEG-Coa) was investigated. Methods AAL was treated with pancreatic cancer cells, PANC-1, and the expression level of caspase-3 and subsequent apoptosis was analyzed. In particular, the anticancer efficacy of AAL was compared with that of concanavalin A, one of the representative anticancer lectins. Then, methoxypolyethylene glycol-poly(ethylene arginylaspartate diglyceride), a polycation, was synthesized, and an mPEG-Coa complex was prepared with polyanion heparin. The AAL was incorporated into the mPEG-Coa and the release kinetics of the AAL from the mPEG-Coa and the cargo protection capacity of the mPEG-Coa were evaluated. Finally, improved anticancer ability through Coa-mediated AAL delivery was assessed. Results These results indicated that AAL is a potential effective pancreatic cancer treatment. Moreover, mPEG-Coa rapidly released AAL at pH 6.5, an acidic condition in the cancer microenvironment. The initial rapid release of AAL effectively suppressed pancreatic cancer cells, and the continuous supply of AAL through the Coa transporter effectively inhibited proliferation recurrence of cancer cells. Conclusion AAL is a potential novel drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer therapeutic agent. In addition, a continuous supply of drugs above the therapeutic threshold using mPEG-Coa could improve therapeutic efficacy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40824-022-00282-6.
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Le HV, Le Cerf D. Colloidal Polyelectrolyte Complexes from Hyaluronic Acid: Preparation and Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204283. [PMID: 36260830 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring polysaccharide which has been extensively exploited in biomedical fields owing to its outstanding biocompatibility. Self-assembly of HA and polycations through electrostatic interactions can generate colloidal polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), which can offer a wide range of applications while being relatively simple to prepare with rapid and "green" processes. The advantages of colloidal HA-based PECs stem from the combined benefits of nanomedicine, green chemistry, and the inherent properties of HA, namely high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biological targeting capability. Accordingly, colloidal PECs from HA have received increasing attention in the recent years as high-performance materials for biomedical applications. Considering their potential, this review is aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of colloidal PECs from HA in complex with polycations, from the most fundamental aspects of the preparation process to their various biomedical applications, notably as nanocarriers for delivering small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, and bioimaging agents or the construction of multifunctional platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Van Le
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Rouen, 76000, France
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Rouen, 76000, France
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50
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Kamiński K, Hąc-Wydro K, Skóra M, Tymecka M, Obłoza M. Preliminary Studies on the Mechanism of Antifungal Activity of New Cationic β-Glucan Derivatives Obtained from Oats and Barley. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40333-40343. [PMID: 36385808 PMCID: PMC9648169 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
New chemical structures with antifungal properties are highly desirable from the point of view of modern pharmaceutical science, especially due to the increasingly widespread instances of drug resistance in the case of these diseases. One way to solve this problem is to use polymeric drugs, widely described as biocidal, positively charged macromolecules. In this work, we present the synthesis of new cationic β-glucan derivatives that show selective antifungal activity and at the same time low toxicity toward animal and human cells. Two β-glucans isolated from oats and barley and modified using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride were obtained and evaluated for biocidal properties on the cells of mammals and pathogenic fungi and bacteria. These compounds were found to be nontoxic to fibroblast and bacterial cells but showed selective toxicity to certain species of filamentous fungi (Scopulariopsis brevicaulis) and yeasts (Cryptococcus neoformans). The most important aspect of this work is the attempt to explain the mechanisms of action of these compounds by studying their interaction with biological membranes. This was achieved by examining the interactions with model biological membranes representative of given families of microorganisms using Langmuir monolayers. The data obtained partly show correlations between the results for model systems and biological experiments and allow indicating that the selective antifungal activity of cationic β-glucans is related to their interaction with fungal biological membranes and partly lack of such interaction toward cells of other organisms. In addition, the obtained macromolecules were characterized by spectral methods (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies) to confirm that the desired structure was obtained, and their degree of modification and molecular weights were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kamiński
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 Street, 30-387Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hąc-Wydro
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 Street, 30-387Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skóra
- Department
of Infections Control and Mycology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tymecka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 Street, 30-387Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Obłoza
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 Street, 30-387Kraków, Poland
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